Paper | Title | Other Keywords | Page |
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MO1A01 | The FRIB Superconducting Linac - Status and Plans | cryomodule, ion, cryogenics, SRF | 1 |
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With an average beam power two orders of magnitude higher than operating heavy-ion facilities, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) stands at the power frontier of the accelerator family. This report summarizes the current design and construction status as well as plans for commissioning, operations and upgrades.
Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY-1102511. |
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Slides MO1A01 [48.813 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO1A01 | ||
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MO1A02 | Status of the European XFEL | electron, undulator, klystron, operation | 7 |
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Funding: Work supported by the respective funding agencies of the contributing institutes; for details please see http:www.xfel.eu The European XFEL under construction in Hamburg, Northern Germany, aims at producing X-rays in the range from 260 eV up to 24 keV out of three undulators that can be operated simultaneously with up to 27,000 pulses per second. The FEL is driven by a 17.5 GeV superconducting linac. Installation of this linac is now finished and commissioning is next. First lasing is expected for spring 2017. The paper summarizes the status of the project. First results of the injector commissioning are given. |
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Slides MO1A02 [28.909 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO1A02 | ||
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MO2A03 | Commissioning and Early Operation of the ARIEL e-Linac | gun, TRIUMF, solenoid, electron | 12 |
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The ARIEL electron linac has been added to the TRIUMF facility as a new driver for the production of radioactive isotopes through photo-fission to complement the existing 500 MeV, H- TRIUMF cyclotron. The electron beam driver is specified as a 50 MeV, 10 mA cw superconducting electron linac at 1.3 GHz. The first 30 MeV stage of the e-linac consisting of two cryomodules is completed. The paper will describe the recent commissioning and early operation results. | |||
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Slides MO2A03 [25.277 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO2A03 | ||
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MO3A01 | Status of SwissFEL | electron, undulator, gun, laser | 22 |
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SwissFEL is a hard x-ray free-electron laser facility that is currently constructed at PSI. This paper gives an overview of the facility, describes the main sub-systems of the accelerator, and summarizes the installation and commissioning status. | |||
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Slides MO3A01 [315.102 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO3A01 | ||
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MO3A03 | Spaceborne Electron Accelerators | cavity, electron, gun, controls | 32 |
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High-power electron beam generators in space will enable the studies of solar and space physics, specifically the interrogation of magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. This study plans to map the magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, using a satellite equipped with an electron beam accelerator that can create a spot in the ionosphere, observable by optical and radar detectors on the ground. To date, a number of spacecraft carrying low-power, <50-keV DC electron beam sources have been launched to study the upper ionosphere. The overall instrument weight will likely be dominated by the weight of the energy storage, the RF power amplifiers and the accelerator structure. We present the notional concept of a quasi-CW, C-band electron accelerator with 1-MeV beam energy, 10-mA beam current, and requiring 40 kW of prime power during operation. Our novel accelerator concept includes the following features: individually powered cavities driven by 6-GHz high-electron mobility transistors (HEMT), passively cooled accelerator structures with heat pipe technology, and active frequency control for operating over a range of temperatures. | |||
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Slides MO3A03 [3.191 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO3A03 | ||
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MOOP01 | The SARAF-LINAC Project Status | cryomodule, status, rfq, solenoid | 38 |
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SNRC and CEA collaborate to the upgrade of the SARAF accelerator to 5 mA CW 40 MeV deuteron and proton beams (Phase 2). CEA is in charge of the design, construction and commissioning of the superconducting linac (SARAF-LINAC Project). This paper presents to the accelerator community the status at August 2016 of the SARAF-LINAC Project. | |||
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Slides MOOP01 [4.978 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP01 | ||
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MOOP02 | Current Status of Superconducting Linac for the Rare Isotope Science Project | cryomodule, cavity, ion, rfq | 41 |
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The RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. It can deliver ions from proton to uranium. Proton and uranium ions are accelerated upto 600 MeV and 200 MeV/u respectively. The facility consists of three superconducting linacs of which superconducting cavities are independently phased. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. We present the RISP linac design, the prototyping of superconducting cavity and cryomodule. | |||
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Slides MOOP02 [5.566 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP02 | ||
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MOOP03 | High Gradient Accelerating Structures for Carbon Therapy Linac | impedance, cavity, ion, operation | 44 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under contract 0000219678 Carbon therapy is the most promising among techniques for cancer treatment, as it has demonstrated significant improvements in clinical efficiency and reduced toxicity profiles in multiple types of cancer through much better localization of dose to the tumor volume. RadiaBeam, in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory, are developing an ultra-high gradient linear accelerator, Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL), for the delivery of ion-beams with end-energies up to 450 MeV/u for 12C6+ ions and 250 MeV for protons. In this paper, we present a thorough comparison of standing and travelling wave designs for high gradient S-Band accelerating structures operating with ions at varying velocities, relative to the speed of light, in the range 0.3-0.7. In this paper we will compare these types of accelerating structures in terms of RF, beam dynamics and thermo-mechanical performance. |
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Slides MOOP03 [3.497 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP03 | ||
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MOOP04 | Traveling Wave Linear Accelerator With RF Power Flow Outside of Accelerating Cavities | impedance, coupling, cavity, electron | 48 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-76-SF00515. An accelerating structure is a critical component of particle accelerators for medical, security, industrial and scientific applications. Standing-wave side-coupled accelerating structures are used where available RF power is at a premium, while average current and average RF power lost in the structure are high. These structures are expensive to manufacture and typically require a circulator to divert structure-reflected power away from RF source, klystron or magnetron. In this report a traveling wave accelerating structure is presented which combines high shunt impedance of the side-coupled standing wave structure with such advantages as simpler tuning and manufacturing. In addition, the structure is matched to the RF source so no circulator is needed. This paper presents the motivation for this structure and shows a practical example. |
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Slides MOOP04 [5.459 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP04 | ||
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MOOP12 | Klynac Design Simulations and Experimental Setup | cavity, electron, klystron, simulation | 68 |
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Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the US Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. We present results of a proof-of-principle demonstration of the first ever klynac, a compact 1 MeV linear accelerator with integrated klystron source using one electron beam. This device is bi-resonant, utilizing one resonant circuit for the klystron input and gain cavities, and one for the klystron output and linac cavities. The purpose of a klynac-type device is to provide a compact and inexpensive alternative for a conventional 1 to 6 MeV accelerator. A conventional accelerator requires a separate RF source and linac and all the associated hardware needed for that architecture. The klynac configuration eliminates many of the components to reduce the weight of the entire system by 60%. We have built an 8-cavity, 2.84-GHz RF structure for a 1-MeV bi-resonant klynac. A 50-kV, 10-A electron gun provides the single beam needed. Numerical modeling was used to optimize the design. The separation between the klynac ouput cavity and the first accelerator cavity was adjusted to optimize the bunch capture and a pin-hole aperture between the two cavities reduces the beam current in the linac section to about 0.1 A. Standard high-shunt impedance linac cavities designs are used. We have fabricated the first test structure. The structure will be tested with beam in early Summer 2016. Results will be presented at LINAC 2016. |
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Slides MOOP12 [1.136 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP12 | ||
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MOPRC004 | Beam Orbit Analysis and Correction of the FRIB Superconducting Linac | quadrupole, simulation, operation, injection | 71 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for precise beam orbit correction of a high power linac, and supplement to the model based or orbit response matrix (ORM) based correction methods. BBA will be applied to beam orbit analysis and correction of the FRIB linac arcs where a beam orbit offset within 0.1 mm is required to the second order achromatic beam tuning. In this paper, we first introduce the study of model based beam orbit correction of the arc, and then a more precise orbit correction with BBA. Realistic misalignment of beam elements and beam position monitors (BPMs) are included in the simulation studies. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC004 | ||
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MOPRC005 | Beam Tuning of Achromatic Bending Areas of the FRIB Superconducting Linac | sextupole, quadrupole, lattice, simulation | 74 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 To achieve the design beam power for heaviest ion species, acceleration and transport of multi charge state beams simultaneously in the FRIB superconducting linac becomes necessary, which poses a technical challenge especially to the FRIB folded lattice design. Achromatic and isochronous beam optics up to the second order must be established precisely in the linac bending areas, and as none-perfection beam elements and system errors exist in the real machine, beam tuning and beam optics corrections of the bending area are important to high power operation. In this paper, we introduce the beam tuning algorithms of the FRIB linac achromatic arcs and also discuss the simulation studies. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC005 | ||
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MOPRC006 | Beam Tuning and Error Analysis of a Superconducting Linac | cavity, simulation, quadrupole, lattice | 77 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam tuning and error analysis of a superconducting linac for heavy ion beams are introduced in this paper. In simulation studies with accelerator codes, system errors to the beam tuning are analyzed numerically, which include random cavity and magnet errors and measurement errors of absolute beam phase, beam bunch length, and beam transverse profiles. Simple statistical equations are developed from the tedious and time-consuming numerical simulations, and they may provide advantage tools not only to analyze a linac beam tuning, such as phase and amplitude tuning of superconducting cavity, longitudinal and transverse beam matching, but also will be very helpful to linac design with practical beam diagnostics system and authentic accelerator lattice. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC006 | ||
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MOPRC008 | Dispersion Free and Dispersion Target Steering Experience at CTF3 | optics, target, quadrupole, dipole | 83 |
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One of the goals of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN is to demonstrate the feasibility of the CLIC Drive Beam recombination, which takes place in the Drive Beam Recombination Complex (DBRC). The tight geometry of the DBRC together with its strong optics and the high energy-spread of the beam require a careful control of the beam size along the different sections of the DBRC. One of the main contribution to beam size is the dispersion. If uncontrolled, dispersion leads to fast increase of the beam size, hence it may affect the beam current stability of the combined beam. A tool has been implemented at CTF3 to measure and correct dispersion during and after the setup of the machine. Dispersion Free Steering (DFS) has been applied in the upstream drive beam LINAC, while Dispersion Target Steering (DTS) has been used in the rings of the DBRC. In the LINAC the weak optics and the wide dynamic aperture of the beamline allow a straightforward correction. In the DBRC the aperture is tighter, and the strong optics produce non-linear dispersion which one needs to take into account. A general overview of current status and future plans in controlling dispersion at CTF3 will be presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC008 | ||
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MOPRC013 | Tracking Based Courant-Snyder Parameter Matching in a Linac with a Strong Space-Charge Force | DTL, space-charge, emittance, quadrupole | 93 |
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During the design of a hadron linac, matching at the interfaces of different structures or lattice periods is often performed with the linear approximation of the space-charge force. When space-charge is extremely strong, like in the low energy part of the proton linac of the European Spallation Source, such a matching method is not always good enough and could lead to a residual mismatch at the design level. To avoid this, a matching scheme based on iterations of tracking, thus including the full effect of the space-charge force, is developed. This paper presents the scheme itself as well as its application to the ESS linac. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC013 | ||
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MOPRC015 | Development Status of FRIB On-line Model Based Beam Commissioning Application | cavity, solenoid, lattice, quadrupole | 100 |
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Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-11-02511, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. The new software FLAME has been developed to serve as physics model used for on-line beam commissioning applications. FLAME is specially designed to cover FRIB modeling challenges to balance between speed and precision. Several on-line beam commissioning applications have been prototyped based on FLAME and tested on the physics application prototyping environment. In this paper, components of the physics application prototyping environment are firstly described. Then, the design strategy and result of the four major applications: baseline generator, cavity tuning, orbit correction, transverse matching, are discussed. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC015 | ||
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MOPRC016 | RF-Track: Beam Tracking in Field Maps Including Space-Charge Effects, Features and Benchmarks | space-charge, ion, rfq, simulation | 104 |
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RF-Track is a novel tracking code developed at CERN for the optimization of low-energy ion linacs in presence of space-charge effects. RF-Track features great flexibility and rapid simulation speed. It can transport beams of particles with arbitrary mass and charge even mixed together, solving fully relativistic equations of motion. It implements direct space-charge effects in a physically consistent manner, using parallel algorithms. It can simulate bunched beams as well as continuous ones, and transport through conventional elements as well as through maps of oscillating radio-frequency fields. RF-Track is written in optimized and parallel C++, and it uses the scripting languages Octave and Python as user interfaces. RF-Track has been tested successfully in several cases. The main features of the code and the results of its benchmark studies are presented in this paper. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC016 | ||
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MOPRC018 | Improved Beam Dynamics and Cavity RF Design for the FAIR Proton Injector | cavity, proton, DTL, quadrupole | 111 |
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The FAIR facility at GSI requires a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for the research program with intense antiproton beams. The main accelerator part consists of six 'Crossbar H-type' (CH) cavities operated at 325 MHz. Based on a linac layout carefully developed over several years, recently the beam dynamics has been revised with the scope of finalising the design and thus being able to start the construction of the main linac components. As compared to previous designs the MEBT behind the RFQ was slightly extended, the gap numbers per CH cavity and the voltage distributions were optimised and the layout of the intermediate diagnostics section including a rebuncher cavity at 33 MeV was redesigned. Finally, detailed machine error studies were performed in order to check the error response of the new design and the steering concept in particular. In the consequence, the final parameters obtained from the beam dynamics update are used for finalizing the CH-DTL cavity design by CST-MWS calculations. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC018 | ||
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MOPRC025 | Final Design of the Fully Equipped HWR Cavities for SARAF | cavity, cryomodule, multipactoring, simulation | 123 |
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SNRC and CEA collaborate to the upgrade of the SARAF accelerator to 5 mA CW 40 MeV deuteron and proton beams (Phase 2). CEA is in charge of the design, construction and commissioning of the superconducting linac (SARAF-LINAC Project). The SCL is made up of 4 cryomodules: the first two will host each 6 half-wave resonator (HWR) low beta cavities (β = 0.09) at 176 MHz; the last two will host each 7 HWR high-beta cavities (β = 0.18) at 176 MHz. The fully equipped cavity includes the niobium cavity with a helium tank, an input power couplers and a frequency tuning system. The final RF design of the low and high beta cavities will be presented in this poster, as well as the RF design of the couplers, the expected tuning range of the cavities and the multipactor analysis. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC025 | ||
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MOPRC026 | Mechanical Design of the HWR Cavities for the SARAF SRF LINAC | cavity, simulation, cryomodule, SRF | 126 |
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SNRC and CEA collaborate to the upgrade of the SARAF accelerator to 5 mA CW 40 MeV deuteron and proton beams (Phase 2). CEA is in charge of the design, construction and commissioning of the superconducting linac (SARAF-LINAC Project). The SCL consists in 4 cryomodules. The first two identical cryomodules host 6 half-wave resonator (HWR) low beta cavities (β = 0.09) at 176 MHz. The last two identical cryomodules will host 7 HWR high-beta cavities (β = 0.18) at 176 MHz. The fully equipped cavity includes the niobium cavity with its helium tank, the couplers and the frequency tuning system. In this paper, the mechanical design and the foreseen qualification procedures for both cavities and tuning systems are presented with compliance, to the best extent, to the rules of Unfired Pressure Vessels NF-EN 13445 (1-5) standards. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC026 | ||
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MOPLR004 | Development of an High Gradient, S-band, Accelerating Structure for the FERMI Linac | quadrupole, operation, electron, wakefield | 136 |
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The FERMI seeded free-electron laser (FEL), located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, is driven by a 200 meter long, S-band linac routinely operated at nearly 1.5 GeV and 10 Hz repetition rate [1]. The high energy part of the Linac is equipped with seven, 6 meter long Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) structures: those structures have small iris radius and a nose cone geometry which allows for high gradient operation [2]. Nonetheless a possible development of high-gradient, S-band accelerating struc-tures for the replacement of the actual BTW structures is under consideration. This paper investigates a possible solution for RF couplers that could be suitable for linac driven FEL where reduced wakefields effects, high oper-ating gradient and very high reliability are required. | |||
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Poster MOPLR004 [0.947 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR004 | ||
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MOPLR005 | Design, Manufacturing and Installation of Two Dual-Feed Accelerating Structures for the FERMI Injector | cavity, accelerating-gradient, FEL, emittance | 139 |
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FERMI is a seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) driven by a warm S-band Linac. In the injector region, two 3- meter long Forward Traveling Wave (FTW) accelerating structures, coming from the old Elettra injector, were installed. In order to improve the e-beam quality at higher bunch charge, it was decided to replace the existing ones with two dual-feed accelerating structures. Those structures have been designed and manufactured by RI Research Instruments GmbH and delivered to Elettra in July 2015. The following paper will report about the RF design and the manufacturing of the new structures. Details about the RF conditioning and the installation will also be illustrated. | |||
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Poster MOPLR005 [1.100 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR005 | ||
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MOPLR006 | Monopole HOMs Dumping in the LCLS-II 1.3 GHz Structure | HOM, cavity, coupling, damping | 142 |
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Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. DOE Developing an upgrade of Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) is currently underway. The central part of LCLS-II is a continuous wave superconducting RF (CW SRF) electron linac. High order modes (HOMs) excited in SRF structures by passing beam may deteriorate beam quality and affect beam stability. In this paper we report the simulation results of monopole High Order Modes (HOM) spectrum in the 1.3 GHz accelerating structure. Optimum parameters of the HOM feedthrough are suggested for minimizing RF losses on the HOM antenna tip and for preserving an efficiency of monopole HOMs damping simultaneously. |
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Poster MOPLR006 [0.647 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR006 | ||
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MOPLR007 | Redesign of the End Group in the 3.9 GHz LCLS-II Cavity | HOM, cavity, dipole, operation | 145 |
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Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. DOE Development and production of Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) is underway. The central part of LCLS-II is a continuous wave superconducting RF (CW SCRF) electron linac. The 3.9 GHz third harmonic cavity similar to the XFEL design will be used in LCLS-II for linearizing the longitudinal beam profile*. The initial design of the 3.9 GHz cavity developed for XFEL project has a large, 40 mm, beam pipe aperture for better higher-order mode (HOM) damping. It is resulted in dipole HOMs with frequencies nearby the operating mode, which causes difficulties with HOM coupler notch filter tuning. The CW linac operation requires an extra caution in the design of the HOM coupler in order to prevent its possible overheating. In this paper we present the modified 3.9 GHz cavity End Group for meeting the LCLS-II requirements * LCLS-II 3.9 GHz Cryomodules, Physics Requirements Document, LCLSII-4.1-PR-0097-R1, SLAC, USA, 2015 |
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Poster MOPLR007 [1.590 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR007 | ||
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MOPLR008 | Status Of the ILC Main Linac Design | lattice, cryomodule, emittance, quadrupole | 149 |
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International Linear collider (ILC) is a proposed accelerator facility which is primarily based on two 11-km long superconducting main linacs. In this paper we present recent updates on the main linac design and discuss changes made in order to meet specification outlined in the technical design report (TDR). | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR008 | ||
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MOPLR012 | Compact Beam Position Monitor for Electron and Proton Machines | proton, electron, software, synchrotron | 161 |
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Monitoring and subsequent optimization of the linacs, transfer lines, energy recovery linacs and synchrotrons, requires specific instrumentation optimized for beam position and charge measurements. Libera Spark is the newly developed instrument intended for position and charge monitoring in electron and proton machines. The motivation, processing principles and first results at laboratories are presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR012 | ||
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MOPLR014 | Construction of a Third Recirculation for the S-DALINAC* | dipole, recirculation, operation, simulation | 168 |
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Funding: * Work supported by DFG through CRC 634 and RTG 2128 Since 1991 the superconducting recirculating electron accelerator S-DALINAC is running at TU Darmstadt. Its designated design energy of 130 MeV wasn't reached yet due to a lower quality factor of the 3 GHz cavities and thus a higher dissipated power to the helium bath. To increase the maximum achievable energy in cw operation from approx. 85 MeV to the design value of 130 MeV the main accelerator will be passed a fourth time. In this configuration the accelerating gradients of the cavities can be lowered, so that the resulting dissipated power will match the available cooling power of the cryo plant. To realize an additional main linac pass a new recirculation beam line is needed. The most crucial points are the design of the separation dipole and its mirrored version as well as a properly calculated lattice. For the implementation of a new recirculation beam line the existing sections must be adapted to fit the new boundary conditions. This contribution will present some aspects of the design and will report on the actual status of this project. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR014 | ||
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MOPLR015 | Thermal-Mechanical Study of 3.9 GHz CW Coupler and Cavity for LCLS-II Project | cavity, simulation, resonance, cryomodule | 171 |
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Third harmonic system was originally developed by Fermilab for FLASH facility at DESY and then was adopted and modified by INFN for the XFEL project [1-3]. In contrast to XFEL project, all cryomodules in LCLS-II project will operate in CW regime with higher RF average power for 1.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz cavities and couplers. Design of the cavity and fundamental power coupler has been modified to satisfy LCLS-II requirements. In this paper we discuss the results of COMSOL thermal and mechanical analysis of the 3.9 GHz coupler and cavity to verify proposed modifica-tion of the design. For the dressed cavity we present simulations of Lorentz force detuning, helium pressure sensitivity df/dP and major mechanical resonances. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR015 | ||
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MOPLR018 | Upgrade of the Klystron Modulator of the L-Band Electron Linac at Osaka University for Higher Stability | klystron, resonance, impedance, high-voltage | 178 |
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The klystron modulator for the L-band linac is upgraded for higher stability. The two-step charging system for the pulse forming network (PFN) is upgraded by adding a high impedance resonant charging line in parallel with the main line. The charging step of the PFN voltage is reduced considerably near the setting value by switching the main resonance line off so that the charging current flows only through the high impedance line. The second model of the solid-state switch is developed using 60 static-induction thyristors, ten of which are connected in series with six such series connected in parallel to meet maximum specifications of 25 kV and 6 kA. The air-cooling capacity is reinforced so that repetition rate is increased from 10 pps for the first model to 60 pps. The fluctuation and accuracy of the klystron voltage are measured to be 7.8×10-6 or 7.8 ppm for the upgraded klystron modulator using a differential amplifier with much higher sensitivity than one used in the previous measurement. | |||
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Poster MOPLR018 [0.840 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR018 | ||
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MOPLR020 | Challenges in Realizing the LCLS-II Cryomodule Production | cryomodule, cavity, SRF, superconducting-RF | 181 |
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The LCLS-II project requires the assembly and installation of 37 cryomodules in order to deliver a 4 GeV electron beam to the undulators to produce both soft and hard x-rays at a repetition rate up to 1 MHz. All of the cryomodules will operate in continuous wave mode, with 35 operating at 1.3 GHz for acceleration and 2 operating at 3.9 GHz to linearize the longitudinal beam profile. One of the challenges of this project, and the topic of this paper, is coordinating the effort of three DOE labs in order to realize this machine in just a few years time. This coordination is necessary due to the fact that the cryomodules will be assembled at both Jefferson Lab and Fermi Lab, tested, and then shipped to SLAC for installation, commissioning and operation. This paper will report on our experiences to date, issues that have been identified and planned mitigation going forward. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR020 | ||
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MOPLR030 | Electromagnetic Design of a Superconducting Twin Axis Cavity | cavity, HOM, coupling, dipole | 203 |
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The twin-axis cavity is a new kind of rf superconducting cavity that consists of two parallel beam pipes, which can accelerate or decelerate two spatially separated beams in the same cavity. This configuration is particularly effective for high-current beams with low-energy electrons that will be used for bunched beam cooling of high-energy protons or ions. The new cavity geometry was designed to create a uniform accelerating or decelerating fields for both beams by utilizing a TM110 dipole mode. This paper presents the design rf optimization of a 1497 MHz twin-axis single-cell cavity, which is currently under fabrication. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR030 | ||
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MOPLR035 | Fabrication of Superconducting Spoke Cavity for Compact Photon Source | cavity, laser, photon, scattering | 212 |
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Funding: This study is supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program of MEXT, Japan. The spoke cavity is expected to have advantages for compact ERL accelerator for X-ray source based on laser Compton scattering. We have been developing the spoke cavity under a research program of MEXT, Japan to establish the fabrication process. Since our designed shape of the spoke is complicated due to increase the RF properties, one-step press forming with one set of molds will cause so large strain to break the sheet. We designed the mold components including the process of press work. The press forming tests of the spoke cavity have been done with the various materials of sheets to check molding performance. In this paper we present status of the spoke cavity fabrication. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR035 | ||
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MOPLR041 | Design and Fabrication of β=0.3 SSR1 for RISP | cavity, niobium, TRIUMF, cryogenics | 226 |
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A 325MHz β=0.30 balloon variant of single spoke resonator, which was proposed to suppress multipacting around operational gradient, was chosen as the prototype cavity of SSR1 for Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP). It was also demonstrated to achieve good RF and mechanical properties by geometry optimization for both cavity and helium jacket. The details of RISP SSR1 design will be reported in this paper, accompanying with some particular considerations of fabrication for this new member to the spoke family. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR041 | ||
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MOPLR048 | Fabrication and Testing of a Novel S-Band Backward Travelling Wave Accelerating Structure for Proton Therapy Linacs | vacuum, coupling, proton, accelerating-gradient | 237 |
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Compact and more affordable, facilities for proton therapy are now entering the market of commercial medical accelerators. At CERN, a joint collaboration between CLIC and TERA Foundation led to the design, fabrication and testing of a high gradient accelerating structure prototype, capable of halving the length of state-of-art light ion therapy linacs. This paper focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a first prototype. CLIC standardized bead-pull measurement setup was used, leading to a quick and successful tuning of the prototype. The high power tests will soon start in order to prove that the structure can withstand a very high accelerating gradient while suffering no more than 10-6 breakdown per pulse per meter (bpp/m), resulting in less than one breakdown per treatment session. | |||
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Poster MOPLR048 [2.804 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR048 | ||
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MOPLR049 | Design of a 750 MHz IH Structure for Medical Applications | rfq, DTL, dipole, proton | 240 |
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Low velocity particles are critical in every hadron accelerator chain. While RFQs nicely cover the first MeV/u range, providing both acceleration and bunching, energies higher than few MeV/u require different structures, depending on the specific application. In the framework of the TULIP project [1], a 750 MHz IH structure was designed, in order to cover the 5-10 MeV/u range. The relatively high operating frequency and small bore aperture radius led the choice towards TE mode structures over more classic DTLs. Hereafter, the RF regular cell and end cell optimization is presented. An innovative solution to compensate dipole kicks is discussed, together with the beam dynamics and the matching with the 5 MeV 750 MHz CERN RFQ [2]. This structure was specifically designed for medical applications with a duty cycle of about 1 ', but can easily adapted to duty cycles up to 5 %, typical of PET isotopes production in hospitals. | |||
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Poster MOPLR049 [3.212 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR049 | ||
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MOPLR050 | Study and Development of CW Room Temperature Rebuncher for SARAF Accelerator | cavity, vacuum, impedance, acceleration | 244 |
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The SARAF 176 MHz accelerator is designed to provide CW proton/deuteron beams up to 5 mA current and 40 MeV accelerated ion energy. Phase I of SARAF (up to 4-5 MeV) has been installed, commissioned, and is available for experimental work. Phase II of SARAF is currently in the planning stage and will contain larger MEBT with three rebunchers and four cryomodules, each consisting of SC HWRs and solenoids. Phase II MEBT line is designed to follow a 1.3 MeV/u RFQ, is 4.5 m long, and contains three 176 MHz rebunchers providing a field integral of 105 kV. Different rebuncher configurations have been studied in order to minimize the RF losses and maximize the shunt impedance. Different apertures have also been tested with a required of 40 mm diameter by beam dynamics. The simulations were done using CST Microwave Studio. CEA leads the design for SARAF phase II linac including the MEBT rebunchers and has studied a mixed solid copper and Cu plated stainless steel, 3-gap cavity. SNRC is developing a 4-gap OFHC copper rebuncher as a risk reduction. Both designs are presented and discussed in the paper. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR050 | ||
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MOPLR052 | LEBT Commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC | rfq, extraction, ion, beam-transport | 251 |
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After upgrade of J-PARC Linac in 2014, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) beam commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC has been made for improving H-beam intensity extracted from Linac. Currents of two solenoid coils and steering magnets in LEBT are optimized with extraction and acceleration voltages for static acceleration in ion source (IS) which decides on an initial emittance diagram of H− beam. As a result of LEBT and IS parameter optimization, beam transmission rate of RFQ has been reached up to 96 % in 50 mA H− current operation. Moreover, PIC-MC (Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo) simulation model is developed for H− transport in LEBT. Comparison between experimental and numerical results are presented to clarify beam physics from IS exit to RFQ entrance. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR052 | ||
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MOPLR054 | Progress and Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac | operation, ion, ion-source, rfq | 257 |
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The J-PARC linac started beam commissioning in 2006 and has delivered beam to users since 2008. The linac had been operated with a beam energy of 181 MeV and a peak beam current of 15-20 mA, which corresponds to the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) beam power of 300 kW. An energy of 400 MeV and higher peak beam current of 50 mA linac was required to reach the goal of the J-PARC project. For the beam energy upgrade, we installed a new accelerating structure, Annular-ring Coupled Structure linac (ACS) in 2013. The ion source and the Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac were replaced to increase the peak beam current in 2014. Since then, the linac provides beams to demonstrate a 1 MW equivalent beam at the RCS and also for routine operation for user programs. The progress and operation experiences of the J-PARC linac are presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR054 | ||
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MOPLR059 | Commissioning Plans for the ESS DTL | DTL, emittance, diagnostics, proton | 264 |
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The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (a beam pulse of 2.86 ms, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This article describes the commissioning strategy plans for the DTL part of the linac, techniques for finding the RF set-point of the 5 tanks and steering approach. Typical beam parameters, as proposed for commissioning purposes, are discussed as well and how the commissioning sequence of the tanks fits together with ongoing installation works in the tunnel. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR059 | ||
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MOPLR061 | Commissioning of the RI Production Beam Line of KOMAC | target, beam-transport, proton, isotope-production | 271 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A radioisotope (RI) production beam line has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) in 2015 and the commissioning started in 2016. The beam parameters of the beam line are 100-MeV beam energy with a maximum 30 kW beam power, which is driven by KOMAC 100-MeV proton linac. The main components of the beam line are a beam transport system, a target transport system, a cooling system for target and hot cell. KOMAC has a plan to commission the beam line and get an operational license in 2016 and start user service in 2017. In this paper, the development and initial commissioning results of the RI production beam line are presented. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR061 | ||
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MOPLR063 | Development of H0 Beam Diagnostic Line in MEBT2 of J-PARC Linac | dipole, diagnostics, vacuum, experiment | 277 |
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In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac, H0 particles arising from collisions of accelerated H− beams with residual gas are considered as one of the key factors of the residual radiation in the high energy accelerating section. To analyze the H0 and the accelerated H− particles, the bump magnet system was designed and produced. The H0 beam diagnostic line consists of four horizontal bending magnets, non-destructive beam position monitor and wire scan beam profile monitor. In the 2015 summer maintenance period of the J-PARC, the new diagnostic line was constructed in the beam transport (MEBT2), which is the matching section from separated-type drift tube linac (SDTL) to annular-ring coupled structure linac (ACS). In the beam commissioning, we experimentally confirmed that the accelerated 190 MeV H− beams are horizontally shifted as expected with the magnetostatic field simulation and the particle tracking simulation. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR063 | ||
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MOPLR065 | High-Gradient X-band Structures for Proton Energy Booster at LANSCE | booster, proton, cavity, klystron | 280 |
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Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. Using superconducting RF cavities with gradients ~15 MV/m after the existing linac would result in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a much shorter cost-effective booster based on normal conducting high-gradient (~100 MV/m) RF accelerating structures. Such X-band high-gradient structures have been developed for electron acceleration and operate with typical RF pulse lengths below 1 us. They have never been used for protons because typical wavelengths and apertures are smaller than the proton bunch sizes. However, these limitations do not restrict proton radiography (pRad) applications. A train of very short proton bunches with the same total length and charge as the original long proton bunch will create the same single radiography frame, plus pRad limits contiguous trains of beam micro-pulses to below 60 ns to prevent blur in images. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we explore feasibility of two-stage design: a short S-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam followed by the main high-gradient X-band linac. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR065 | ||
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MOPLR066 | ProBE: Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy | proton, cavity, septum, accelerating-gradient | 283 |
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Funding: This work was funded by STFC and IPS Proton beam therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative to traditional radiotherapy, especially for paedi- atric malignancies and radio-resistant tumours. Allowing a highly precise tumour irradiation, it is currently limited by range verification. Several imaging modalities can be utilised for treatment planning, but typically X-ray CT is used. CT scans require conversion from Hounsfield units to estimate the proton stopping power (PSP) of the tissue be- ing treated, and this produces inaccuracy. Proton CT (pCT) measures PSP and is thought to allow an improvement of the treatment accuracy. The Christie Hospital will use a 250 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, in this paper a pulsed linac upgrade is proposed, to provide 350 MeV protons for pCT within the facility. Space contraints require a compact, high gradient (HG) solution that is reliable and affordable. |
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Poster MOPLR066 [0.610 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR066 | ||
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MOPLR067 | First High Power Tests at the 325 MHz RF Test Stand at GSI | cavity, coupling, rfq, klystron | 287 |
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A dedicated RF test stand for testing RF components and accelerating structures at 325 MHz has been put into operation at GSI. It allows testing the klystrons and circulators as well as the RFQ and the CH-acceleration cavities for the planned FAIR proton linac (p-Linac) and further cavity projects. The system integration has been completed and first high power tests with the CH prototype cavity were successfully performed. The operation parameters are 2 Hz repetition rate and 200 microseconds pulse length. Investigations on the critical path from wave guide to coaxial high power cavity coupler have been made. Performance measurements of the klystron, circulator and directional couplers with up to 2.8 MW on dummy load and the following conditioning process of the CH-prototype cavity with its coupled RF structures will be presented. Additionally the results of the conditioning of a ladder RFQ prototype are shown. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR067 | ||
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MOPLR069 | Implication of Manufacturing Errors on the Layout of Stabilization System and on the Field Quality in a Drift Tube Linac - RF DTL Error Study | DTL, simulation, emittance, drift-tube-linac | 290 |
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The field flatness and the layout of the stabilization system in a drift tube linac are strongly dependent on the manufacturing errors that affect the local resonant frequency. In this paper a methodology is presented to study, firstly, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency and of the field flatness to each geometrical parameter of the drift tubes; then a set of tolerances for each parameter is found and a stabilization system layout is defined in order to keep the field flatness within an acceptable limit. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR069 | ||
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MOPLR070 | Integration of Interfaces and Stabilization System in the Design of a Drift Tube Linac | DTL, simulation, vacuum, interface | 294 |
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Making an accurate RF design of any accelerating structure is fundamental to ensure that electromagnetic and beam dynamics requirements will be achieved. This is essential for the most complicated accelerating structures like the drift tube linac: in this case a meticulous design facilitates the RF commissioning too. In this paper the influence of the interfaces and of the field stabilization system on the RF design is analyzed and an advanced design methodology to mitigate field degradation is presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR070 | ||
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MOPLR071 | A 3-MeV Linac for Development of Accelerator Components at J-PARC | rfq, laser, operation, ion | 298 |
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We are constructing a linac for development of accelerator components at J-PARC. This linac consists of a H− ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), an radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, and a diagnostics bean line. The beam energy is 3 MeV, the beam current is 30 mA, and the duty factor is 0.6%, which corresponds to 0.5 kW. The accelerator itself has a capacity of at least 1 kW. However, the beam power is limited by radiation dose, because there are no radiation shields between the accessible area during the operation. The source and LEBT are same as the J-PARC linac's. The RFQ is a used one in the J-PARC linac, called RFQ I. At first, we are planning to conduct experiments of the laser charge exchange development for the transmutation facility. Then, this linac will be used for the development accelerator components such as beam scrapers, bunch shape monitors, laser profile monitors, and so on. We will be able to install new devices into the actual J-PARC linac after the full testing. The development of H− ion source can be carried out at this system, and also RFQ in the future. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac at J-PARC is presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR071 | ||
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MOPLR072 | The Effect of DTL Cavity Field Errors on Beam Spill at LANSCE | DTL, cavity, LLRF, target | 301 |
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The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator comprises two (H+ and H−) 750-keV Cockcroft-Walton style injectors, a 201.25-MHz, 100-MeV drift-tube linac (DTL) and an 805-MHz, 800-MeV coupled-cavity linac (CCL). As part of the LANSCE Risk Mitigation project a new digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control system is being deployed across the linac, starting with the DTL. Related to this upgrade, a study was performed where specific cavity field errors were simultaneously introduced in all DTL tanks about the nominal stable, low-spill, production set points to mimic LLRF control errors. The impact of these errors on the resultant beam spill was quantified for the nominal 100 μA, 800-MeV Lujan beam. We present the details of the measurement approach and results that show a rapid increase in total linac beam spill as DTL cavity field phase and amplitude errors are increased. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR072 | ||
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MOP106001 | Energy Stability of ERLs and Recirculating Linacs | recirculation, cavity, operation, simulation | 304 |
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Energy recovery linacs can be seen as a hybrid between a linear and a circular accelerator. It has been shown in the past that an appropriate choice of the longitudinal working point can significantly improve the energy stability of a recirculating linac. In this contribution we will expand the concept of energy recovery linacs and investigate the energy spread of the beam as well as the recovery efficiency stability which can be a more demanding quantity in a high current ERL. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106001 | ||
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MOP106006 | Electro-Mechanical Modeling of the LCLS-II Superconducting Cavities | cavity, simulation, damping, vacuum | 310 |
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Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DEAC0276SF00515 The 4 GeV LCLS-II superconducting linac will contain 280, 1.3 GHz TESLA-style cavities operated CW at 16 MV/m. Because of the low beam current, the cavity bandwidth will be fairly small, about 32 Hz, which makes the field stability sensitive to detuning from external vibrations and He pressure fluctuations. Piezo-electric actuators will be used to compensate for the detuning, which historically has been difficult at frequencies above a few Hz due to excitation of cavity mechanical resonances. To understand this interaction better, we have been doing extensive modeling of the cavities including mapping out the mechanical modes and computing their coupling to pressure changes, Lorentz forces and piezo actuator motion. One goal is to reproduce the measured detuning response of the piezo actuators up to 1 kHz, which is sensitive to how the cavities are constrained within a cryomodule. In this paper, we summarize these results and their implications for suppressing higher frequency detuning. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106006 | ||
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MOP106012 | MESA - an ERL Project for Particle Physics Experiments | target, experiment, electron, operation | 313 |
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The Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) will be constructed at the Institut für Kernphysik of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. The accelerator is a low energy continuous wave (CW) recirculating electron linac for particle physics experiments. MESA will be operated in two different modes serving mainly two experiments: the first is the external beam (EB) mode, where the beam is dumped after being used with the external fixed target experiment P2, whose goal is the measurement of the weak mixing angle with highest accuracy. The required beam current for P2 is 150 μA with polarized electrons at 155 MeV. In the second operation mode MESA will be run as an energy recovery linac (ERL). The experiment served in this mode is a (pseudo) internal fixed target experiment named MAGIX. It demands an unpolarized beam of 1 mA at 105 MeV. In a later construction stage of MESA the achievable beam current in ERL-mode shall be upgraded to 10 mA. Within this contribution an overview of the MESA project will be given highlighting the latest accelerator layout and the challenges of operation with high density internal gas targets.
Work supported by DFG through cluster of excellence PRISMA, CRC 1044 and RTG 2128 |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106012 | ||
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MOP106015 | Commissioning Status of the Chopper System for the MAX IV Injector | electron, injection, radiation, storage-ring | 316 |
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The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The two rings are designed for 1.5 GeV and 3 GeV, respectively, where the former is under construction, and the latter is undergoing beam commissioning. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections delivered by a full-energy injector that consists of 39 traveling-wave S-band LINAC structures. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings during injection, only electrons that are within an allowed time structure are accelerated. This time structure depends on several parameters such as the available RF voltage and the radiation losses in the ring that is about to be injected, but also on the momentum acceptance of the transport lines in the injector. The electrons that are outside the allowed time structure are dumped when they have energies below 3 MeV by a chopper system that is located between a thermionic RF gun and the first LINAC structure. Basically, the chopper system consists of two planar striplines and a variable aperture, and the first stripline is fed with a superposed RF signal and the second one with HV pulses. The performance of the chopper system during commissioning of the 3 GeV ring is presented in this article. | |||
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MOP106016 | High Power RF Requirements for Driving Discontinuous Bunch Trains in the MaRIE Linac | cavity, beam-loading, electron, booster | 320 |
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Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy. The MaRIE project will use a superconducting linac to provide 12 GeV electron bunches to drive an X-ray FEL and to do electron radiography. Dynamic experiments planned for MaRIE require that the linac produce a series of micropulses that can be irregularly spaced within the macropulse, and these patterns can change from macropulse to macropulse. Irregular pulse structures create a challenge to optimizing the design of the RF and cryogenic systems. General formulas for cavities with beam loading can overestimate the power required for our irregular beam macropulse. The differing beam energy variations allowed for the XFEL and eRad micropulses produce cavity voltage control requirements that also vary within the macropulse. The RF pulse driving the cavities can be tailored to meet the needs of that particular beam macropulse because the macropulse structure is known before the pulse starts. We will derive a toolkit that can be used to determine the required RF power waveforms for arbitrary macropulse structures. We will also examine how the irregular RF power waveforms can impact RF and cryogenic system cost tradeoffs. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106016 | ||
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TU1A01 | Review on Trends in Normal Conducting Linacs for Protons, Ions and Electrons, With Emphasis on New Technologies and Applications | DTL, rfq, proton, electron | 336 |
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In recent years a lot of attention was given to developments in the field of superconducting cavities. While these cavities can save operating costs and shorten the length of linacs, there are many applications and circumstances where normal conducting cavities are superior. This talk reviews some of the normal conducting linacs, which have been either recently commissioned, or which are currently under construction or in the design phase. Focus will be given to the choice between normal and superconducting cavities and to emerging normal conducting technologies and their applications. | |||
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Slides TU1A01 [16.553 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A01 | ||
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TU1A03 | Experience with the Construction and Commissioning of Linac4 | ion, emittance, DTL, cavity | 342 |
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In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program, CERN is presently commissioning Linac4, a 160MeV H− ion linac, which will replace the present 50 MeV proton linac (Linac2) as injector to the PS Booster during the next LHC long shut-down. The installation of the machine has proceeded in parallel with a staged beam commissioning at the energies of 3, 12, 50, 100 MeV and finally 160 MeV, foreseen for fall 2016. A seven month long reliability run will take place during 2017 to access potential weak points and find mitigations. The lessons learnt during its construction, the main outcomes of the beam commissioning and the remaining steps toward its connection to the PS Booster are presented in this paper. | |||
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Slides TU1A03 [5.747 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A03 | ||
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TU1A05 | High Power Operation of SNS SC Linac | cavity, ion, cryomodule, operation | 348 |
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Funding: Work performed at (or work supported by) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The SNS superconducting linac (SCL) provides 972 MeV, 1.5 MW H− beam for the storage ring and neutron spallation target. It has now been in operation for 11 years, and we have gained some experience in long-term operational issues. Three inter-related issues are gradient changes, errant beams, and trip rates. In this presentation we will provide an update on our progress to mitigate these issues, and also report on the overall status of the SCL. |
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Slides TU1A05 [5.831 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A05 | ||
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TU2A01 | State of the Art, Status and Future of RF Sources for Linacs | klystron, operation, collider, status | 353 |
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This talk tries an overview of recent developments in RF sources for linear accelerators of different scales and for various applications, spanning a frequency range from about 100 MHz to X-band, spanning duty factors from about 10-3 to CW, and spanning power levels from a few kW up to hundreds of MW average. Exciting recent trends include new bunching concepts for klystrons promising a significant increase of efficiency and better power combiners paving the way to MW-class solid state power amplifiers. | |||
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Slides TU2A01 [15.049 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU2A01 | ||
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TU2A02 | Pulsed High Power Klystron Modulators for ESS Linac Based on the Stacked Multi-Level Topology | klystron, operation, flattop, DTL | 359 |
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ESS has launched an internal R&D project in view of designing, prototyping and validating a klystron modulator compatible with the requirements based on a novel topology named SML (Stacked Multi-Level). This topology is modular and based on the utilization of High Frequency (HF) transformers. The topology allows for the usage of industrial standard power electronic components at the primary stage at full extent which can easily be placed and wired in a conventional electrical cabinet. It requires only few special components like HF transformers, rectifiers and filters (i.e. passive components) to be placed in an oil tank. This arrangement allows scaling up in average and pulse power to the required levels while keeping the size, cost, efficiency and reliability of the different modules under good control. Besides the very good output pulse power quality, the AC grid power quality is also remarkably high with a line current harmonic distortion below 3%, a unitary power factor and an extremely reduced line voltage flicker below 0.3%. A reduced scale modulator prototype has been built and validated experimentally. | |||
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Slides TU2A02 [8.596 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU2A02 | ||
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TU2A04 | High-Gradient RF Development and Applications | klystron, collider, damping, beam-loading | 368 |
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Significant progress has been made by the CLIC collaboration to understand the phenomena which limit gradient in normal-conducting accelerating structures and to increase achievable gradient in excess of 100 MV/m. Scientific and technological highlights from the CLIC high-gradient program are presented along with on-going developments and future plans. The talk will also give an overview of the range of applications that potentially benefit from high-frequency and high-gradient accelerating technology. | |||
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Slides TU2A04 [14.317 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU2A04 | ||
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TUOP01 | Applying Transverse Gradient Undulators to Suppression of Microbunching Instability | electron, laser, FEL, simulation | 380 |
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Funding: Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CB808300). National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), grant No. 11275253. The microbunching instability developed during the beam compression process in the linear accelerator (LIN-AC) of a free-electron laser (FEL) facility has always been a problem that degrades the lasing performance, and even no FEL is able to be produced if the beam quality is destroyed too much by the instability. A common way to suppress the microbunching instability is to introduce extra uncorrelated energy spread by the laser heater that heats the beam through the interaction between the electron and laser beam, as what has been successfully implemented in the Linac Coherent Light Source and Fermi@Elettra. In this paper, a simple and effective scheme is proposed to suppress the microbunching instability by adding two transverse gradient undulators (TGU) before and after the magnetic bunch compressor. The additional uncorrelated energy spread and the density mixing from the transverse spread brought up by the first TGU results in significant suppression of the instability. Meanwhile, the extra slice energy spread and the transverse emittance can also be effectively recovered by the second TGU. The magnitude of the suppression can be easily controlled by varying the strength of the magnetic fields of the TGUs. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique in the LINAC of an x-ray free-electron laser facility. |
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Slides TUOP01 [1.148 MB] | ||
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Poster TUOP01 [0.447 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP01 | ||
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TUOP02 | CBETA: The Cornell/BNL 4-Turn ERL with FFAG Return Arcs for eRHIC Prototyping | electron, cryomodule, gun, SRF | 384 |
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Cornell University has prototyped technology essential for any high brightness electron ERL. This includes a DC gun and an SRF injector Linac with world-record current and normalized brightness in a bunch train, a high-current CW cryomodule, a high-power beam stop, and several diagnostics tools for high-current and high-brightness beams, e.g. slid measurements for 6-D phase-space densities, a fast wire scanner for beam profiles, and beam loos diagnostics. All these are now available to equip a one-cryomodule ERL, and laboratory space has been cleared out and is radiation shielded to install this ERL at Cornell. BNL has designed a multi-turn ERL for eRHIC, where beam is transported more than 20 times around the RHIC tunnel. The number of transport lines is minimized by using two non-scaling (NS) FFAG arcs. A collaboration between BNL and Cornell has been formed to investigate the new NS-FFAG optics and the multi-turn eRHIC ERL design by building a 4-turn, one-cryomodule ERL at Cornell. It has a NS-FFAG return loop built with permanent magnets and is meant to accelerate 40mA beam to 200MeV. | |||
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Slides TUOP02 [7.848 MB] | ||
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Poster TUOP02 [13.981 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP02 | ||
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TUOP03 | Developments on the 1.4 MeV/u Pulsed Gas Stripper Cell | ion, target, emittance, heavy-ion | 387 |
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The GSI UNILAC in combination with SIS18 will serve as a high-current, heavy-ion injector for the FAIR facility. It must meet high demands in terms of beam brilliance at a low duty factor. As part of an UNILAC upgrade program dedicated to FAIR, a new pulsed gas stripper cell was developed, aiming for increased beam intensities inside the post-stripper. The pulsed gas injection is synchronized with the beam pulse timing, enabling a highly-demanded, increased gas density. First tests using uranium beams on a hydrogen target showed a 60%-increased stripping efficiency into the desired 28+ charge state. In 2015, the setup was improved to be able to deliver increased target thicknesses and enhanced flexibility of the gas injection. In recent beam times, the pulsed gas cell was used with various ion-beam types, to test the capabilities for operation at the GSI UNILAC. The stripping of two ion beams in different gases at different gas densities was successfully tested in mixed-beam operation. Charge fractions, beam emittance, and energy-loss were systematically measured using uranium, bismuth, titanium, and argon beams on hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen targets. Selected results will be presented at the conference. | |||
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Slides TUOP03 [1.131 MB] | ||
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Poster TUOP03 [5.943 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP03 | ||
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TUOP04 | On the Acceleration of Rare Isotope Beams in the Reaccelerator (ReA3) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at MSU | ion, rfq, experiment, acceleration | 390 |
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The ReAccelerator ReA3 is a worldwide unique, state-of-the-art linear accelerator for rare isotope beams. Beams of rare isotopes are produced and separated in-flight at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility and subsequently stopped in a linear gas cell. The rare isotopes are then continuously extracted as 1+ ions and transported into a beam cooler and buncher. Ion pulses provided by this device are then transported to a charge breeder based on an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) where they are captured in flight. The 1+ ions are ionized to a charge state suitable for acceleration in the superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) ReA3 linac, extracted in a pulsed mode and mass analyzed. The extracted beam is pre-bunched before injection into the RFQ and SRF linac, both operating at frequency of 80.5 MHz, and then accelerated to energies from 300 keV/u up to 6 MeV/u, depending on the charge-to-mass ratio of the ion. Stable isotopes can alternatively also be injected into the linac from the EBIT in off-line mode (by ionization of residual gas) or from external off-line ion sources. This contribution will focus on the methodology, properties and techniques used to accelerate and control low intensity rare isotope beams. Results obtained during the preparation of various experiments using the ReA facility, including those with the rare ions 46Ar and 37,46,47K will also be presented. | |||
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Slides TUOP04 [1.979 MB] | ||
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Poster TUOP04 [2.602 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP04 | ||
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TUOP09 | State of the Art Advanced Magnetron for Accelerator RF Power Source | cathode, cavity, radiation, electron | 405 |
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X ray sources for linear accelerators continue to be a necessary requirement for industries such as medical, inspection, and nondestructive test equipment. Future requirements for such sources are; low cost, compact packaging and high performance of the RF source for electron acceleration. The magnetron has proven to be a perfect source over other RF sources for linear accelerator use. Because of its simple design, low cost per output, small size and proven performance it meets all required characteristics. New Japan Radio Co., Ltd. has improved and modified its linac magnetrons' performance and characteristics enabling easy matching to the linac modulator, long life and maximum output power. This paper will provide a detailed explanation on the improved magnetron design methodology and its effects on the performance of these magnetrons installed in linac systems. These technologies have been utilized successfully on a commercial level worldwide over the last few years. The technology has been deployed into linac systems operating in S and X band and soon C band, at various output power levels. | |||
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Slides TUOP09 [1.127 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP09 | ||
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TUOP11 | Methods for Bunch Shape Monitor Phase Resolution Improvement | electron, focusing, space-charge, quadrupole | 408 |
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Bunch shape monitors, based on secondary electrons emission, are widely used for measurements of longitudinal bunch profiles during a linac commissioning and initial optimization of beam dynamics. A typical phase resolution of these devices is about 1°. However it becomes insufficient for new modern linacs, which require a better resolution. Some developed methods for a phase resolution improvement are discussed. | |||
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Slides TUOP11 [21.248 MB] | ||
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Poster TUOP11 [1.888 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP11 | ||
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TUPRC002 | ESS DTL Beam Dynamics Comparison Between S-Code and T-Code | DTL, emittance, simulation, software | 411 |
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The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. In this paper the DTL beam dynamics comparison between the s-code TraceWin and the t-code Parmela is presented. Full field map of the permanent magnet quadrupoles (with COMSOL) and RF fields of each of the 5 tanks (with MDTFish) were used for the two programs. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC002 | ||
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TUPRC003 | Effect of Number of Macro Particles on Time Evolution of Phase Space Distribution | electron, emittance, simulation, operation | 414 |
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Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600147. In particle tracking simulation with space charge effect, the macro-particle model, which has same mass-to-charge ratio, is widely used, since it does not require any symmetry of beam shape. However, selection of proper number of macro-particles is important, because the accuracy depends on it. Emittance, which is calculated by phase-space distribution, is especially affected by the number of macro-particles. In order to study the relation between the number of macro-particles and the resolution in the phase space, we defined a transformation, which describes reduction process of macro-particle number, and analyzed static phase space distribution. As a next step, we studied the effect of the macro-particle number on the dynamics of the phase space distribution for 1D charged particle distribution in the rest frame. The numerical result shows that the number of macro-particles affected the phase space distribution around the head and the tail of the bunch. * T. Miyajima, "Effect of number of macro particles in phase space distribution", in Proc. of IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA, pp.242-244 (2015). |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC003 | ||
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TUPRC004 | Frequency Spectra From Solenoid Lattice Orbits | lattice, solenoid, focusing, ion | 417 |
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Multi-charge state heavy ion beams have been proposed to increase average beam intensity in rare isotope drive linacs. However, the dynamics of multi-charge state beams make it challenging to optimize the beam quality in low energy linacs. One of the primary complications is that the multiple charge states introduce different focusing effects in the beam dynamics. This leads to a large frequency spectrum in the transverse motion of the beam centroid. Matlab simulations are used to describe how the frequency spectrum of the centroid transforms when the reference charge state is changed in accelerating, space charge free solenoid lattices. These frequency shifts can then be used to predict the behavior of beam of known composition using the frequency spectrum of BPM signals. | |||
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Poster TUPRC004 [1.192 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC004 | ||
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TUPRC008 | Electron Driven ILC Positron Source with a Low Gradient Capture Linac | positron, electron, beam-loading, simulation | 430 |
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ILC (International Linear Collider) is e+ e− linear collider in the next high energy program promoted by ICFA. In ILC, an intense positron pulse in a multi-bunch format is generated with gamma ray from Undulator radiation. As a technical backup, the electron driven positron source has been studied. By employing a standing wave L-band accelerator for the capture linac, an enough amount of positron can be captured due to the large aperture, even with a limited accelerator gradient. However, the heavy beam loading up to 2 A perturbs the field gradient and profile along the longitudinal position. We present the capture performance of the ILC positron source including the heavy beam loading effect. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC008 | ||
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TUPRC016 | S-Band Booster Design and Emittance Preservation for the Awake e-Injector | emittance, plasma, electron, booster | 449 |
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AWAKE is a proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment at CERN which uses the protons from the SPS. It aims to study the self modulation instability of a proton bunch and the acceleration of an externally injected electron beam in the plasma wakefields, during the so called Phase II until the technical stop of LHC and its injector chain (LS2) in 2019. The external electron beam of 0.1 to 1nC charge per bunch will be generated using an S-band photo injector with a high QE semiconducting cathode. A booster linac was designed to allow variable electron energy for the plasma experiments from 16 to 20 MeV. For an RF gun and booster system, emittance control can be highlighted as a challenging transmission task. Once the beam emittance is compensated at the gun exit and the beam is delivered to the booster with an optimum beam envelope, fringing fields and imperfections in the linac become critical for preserving the injection emittance. This paper summarises the rf design studies in order to preserve the initial beam emittance at the entrance of the linac and alternative mitigation schemes in case of emittance growth. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC016 | ||
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TUPLR005 | Development of 6 MeV European S-band Side-Coupled Industrial Electron Linear Accelerator at RTX & KAERI | electron, coupling, target, gun | 478 |
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There are growing demands on low energy electron linear accelerator (linac) for industrial applications. Most of industrial electron linacs require a compact structure and limited undesirable neutron production to avoid huge lead shielding. Radiation Technology eXcellence (RTX) and Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) have developed a 6 MeV compact side-coupled linac by using 2998 MHz European S-band RF technology to meet those requirements. To design the linac structure, the 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST-MWS) was used for various electromagnetic simulations, and ASTRA code was used for particle beam dynamics simulations. After various optimizations, the shunt impedance of 61 MΩ/m is obtained at 2998.38 MHz. With a peak RF power of 2.2 MW and a 47 cm-long structure, electron beam with a peak current of 150 mA can be accelerated from 25 keV to 6 MeV. For the industrial linac, the electron beam spotsize at an X-ray target, located 5 cm downstream of the linac structure exit should be smaller than 2 mm (FW). In addition, it can supply an X-ray dose rate of 8 Gy/min at 1 m after the X-ray target. In this paper, we describe the design concepts and optimization of the 2998 MHz side-coupled industrial linac structure. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR005 | ||
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TUPLR009 | An Iterative Learning Feedforward Controller for the TRIUMF e-linac | cavity, beam-loading, TRIUMF, controls | 485 |
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In the TRIUMF e-linac design, beam stability to within 0.1% within 10 μs in pulse mode is a design requirement. Traditional feedback control systems cannot respond within this time frame, so some form of feedforward control is needed. Even conventional feedforward may not be sufficient due to differences between the required feedforward signal and the actual beam-loading current. For this reason, an adaptive feedforward system using an iterative learning controller was developed for the e-linac LLRF. It can anticipate repetitive beam disturbance patterns by learning from previous iterations. The design and implementation of such a control algorithm is outlined, some simulation results are presented, and some preliminary test results with an actual cavity are illustrated. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR009 | ||
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TUPLR010 | Measurements and Analysis of Cavity Microphonics and Frequency Control in the Cornell ERL Main Linac Prototype Cryomodule | cavity, cryomodule, vacuum, LLRF | 488 |
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The Cornell Main Linac cryomodule (MLC) is a key component in the CBETA project. The SRF cavities with high loaded-Q in the MLC are very sensitive to microphonics from mechanical vibrations. Poor frequency stability of the cavities would dramatically increase the input RF power required to maintain stable accelerating fields in the SRF cavities. In this paper, we present detailed results from microphonics measurement for the cavities in the MLC, discuss dominant vibration sources, and show vibration damping results. The current microphonics level meets the CBETA requirement of a 36MeV energy gain without applying fast tuner compensation. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR010 | ||
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TUPLR011 | Performance of the Novel Cornell ERL Main Linac Prototype Cryomodule | cavity, cryomodule, SRF, HOM | 492 |
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The main linac cryomodule (MLC) for the future energy-recovery linac (ERL) based X-ray light source at Cornell has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It houses six 7-cell SRF cavities with individual higher order-modes (HOMs) absorbers, cavity frequency tuners, and one magnet/BPM section. Cavities have achieved the specification values of 16.2MV/m with high-Q of 2.0·1010 in 1.8K in continuous wave (CW) mode. During initial MLC cavity testing, we encountered some field emission, reducing Q and lowering quench field. To overcome field emission and find optimal cool-down parameters, RF processing and thermal cycles with different cool-down conditions has been done. Here we report on these studies and present final results from the MLC cavity performance. | |||
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Poster TUPLR011 [2.389 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR011 | ||
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TUPLR012 | HOM Measurements for Cornell's ERL Main Linac Cryomodule | HOM, cavity, cryomodule, simulation | 496 |
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The main linac cryomodule (MLC) for a future energy-recovery linac (ERL) based X-ray source at Cornell has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It houses six 7-cell SRF cavities with individual higher order-modes (HOMs) absorbers, cavity frequency tuners, and one magnet/BPM section. All HOMs in MLC have been scanned in 1.8K. The results show effective damping of HOMs, and also agree well with simulation results and the previous HOM scan results on one 7-cell cavity prototype test cryomodule. Here we present detailed results from these HOM studies. | |||
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Poster TUPLR012 [2.773 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR012 | ||
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TUPLR017 | Summary of the Test and Installation of 10 MW MBKs for the XFEL Project | klystron, cathode, ion, vacuum | 506 |
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For the European XFEL project, horizontal multi-beam klystrons (MBK) which produce RF power up to 10 MW, at an RF frequency of 1.3 GHz, 1.5 ms pulse length and 10 Hz repetition rate, were chosen as RF power sources. All MBKs have been manufactured by two companies, 22 tubes from Thales Electron Devices and 7 tubes from Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices. In this article we will give a summary of the tube testing, conditioning and installation in the underground linear accelerator tunnel. | |||
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Poster TUPLR017 [1.975 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR017 | ||
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TUPLR020 | Commissioning of the Compact 14MeV LINAC for an FEL-Based THz Source | target, quadrupole, gun, radiation | 509 |
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Commissioning the compact LINAC of 14Mev for a THz source based on FEL Y.J.Pei National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory, University of Science & Technology of China Abstract The compact LINAC of 14MeV is designed for a FEL which will produce a THz radiation through 30μm to 300μm. The LINAC was composed of a novel EC-ITC-RF gun, constant gradient travelling wave accelerator with a collinear absorbing load, focusing system, RF power system, beam diagnostic system, vacuum system, control system and so on. The LINAC was installed on November of 2014. Last year, we finished the install of the undulator and the optical resonance cavities. Now the LINAC has been testing and commissioning for THz radiation test. So far, the running beam parameters of the LINAC are as the following: Energy is of 13.58MeV macro pulse current is of 655mA macro pulse length of 1.2μsμpulse beam current is of 59A beam length of theμpulse is of 4ps energy spread of 0.33% normal beam emmitance is of 24.1mm.mrad. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR020 | ||
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TUPLR024 | Enhancement of the Accelerating Gradient in Superconducting Microwave Resonators | induction, accelerating-gradient, cavity, factory | 519 |
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Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The accelerating gradient of superconducting resonators can be enhanced by engineering the thickness of a dirty layer grown at the cavity's rf surface. In this paper the description of the physics behind the accelerating gradient enhancement by meaning of the dirty layer is carried out by solving numerically the the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equations for the layered system. The calculation shows that the presence of the dirty layer stabilizes the Meissner state up to the lower critical field of the bulk, increasing the maximum accelerating gradient. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR024 | ||
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TUPLR028 | Alternative Design for the RISP Pre-Stripper Linac | cryomodule, simulation, solenoid, cavity | 531 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the work-for-other grant WFO8550H titled "Pre-conceptual design, cost and schedule estimate of the 18.5 MeV/u Pre-stripper linac for the RISP/IBS" In a collaborative effort between Argonne's Linac Development Group and the RISP project team at the Korean Institute for Basic Science, we have developed an alternative design for the pre-stripper section of the RISP driver linac. The proposed linac design takes advantage of the recent accelerator developments at Argonne, namely the ATLAS upgrades and the Fermilab PIP-II HWR Cryomodule. In particular, the state-of-the-art performance of QWRs and HWRs, the integrated steering correctors and clean BPMs for a compact cryomodule design. To simplify the design and avoid frequency transitions, we used two types of QWRs at 81.25 MHz. The QWRs were optimized for β ~ 0.05 and ~ 0.11 respectively. Nine cryomodules are required to reach the stripping energy of 18.5 MeV/u. Following the lattice design optimization, end-to-end beam dynamics simulations including all sources of machine errors were performed. The results showed that the design is tolerant to errors with no beam losses observed for nominal errors. However, the robustness of the design could be further improved by a modified RFQ design, better optimized with the multi-harmonic buncher located upstream. This could lead to a significant reduction in the longitudinal beam emittance, offering much easier beam tuning and more tolerance to errors. The proposed design and the simulation results will be presented and discussed. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR028 | ||
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TUPLR038 | The DTL Post Coupler - An Ingenious Invention Turns 50 | DTL, cavity, drift-tube-linac, proton | 547 |
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In September 1967, the patent for "A method and device for stabilization of the field distribution in drift tube linac" has been filed by Edward A. Knapp, Donald A. Swenson, and James M. Potter of Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is this invention which to a good part led to the success of highly efficient Alvarez drift tube linacs (DTLs) in that it considerably reduces field errors. The explanation for why the post coupler when tuned correctly has such a strong stabilizing effect has been given at the time in an accompanying paper by describing the modal confluence of the accelerating mode band with the post-coupler mode band, turning a comparatively sensitive 0-mode structure into a stable pi/2-mode like structure. As ingenious as the invention of the post-coupler appears, as poor has been the way of finding its optimum length by relying mainly on trial and error. With the design of the Linac4 DTL at CERN, a new technique has been derived by a DTL equivalent circuit model. Understanding stabilization on an almost cell by cell level provides a new way of optimizing post-couplers of an entire structure with few measurements and even without the extraction of the circuit model itself. Previous approaches to post-coupler stabilization are reviewed and the new, straightforward and accurate technique is described and demonstrated in the stabilization of the Linac4 DTL structures. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR038 | ||
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TUPLR041 | Manufacturing, Assembly and Tests of the LIPAc Medium Energy Beam Transport Line (MEBT) | vacuum, SRF, controls, beam-transport | 554 |
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Funding: This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Agreement as published in BOE, 16/01/2013, page 1988 and the project FIS2013-40860-R. LIPAc* will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA CW deuteron accelerator which aims to validate the technology that will be used in the future IFMIF-DONES accelerator**. The acceleration of the beam will be carried out in two stages. An RFQ will increase the energy up to 5 MeV before a Superconducting RF (SRF) linac made of a chain of eight Half Wave Resonators bring the particles to the final energy. Between both stages, a Medium Energy Beam Transport line (MEBT)*** is in charge of transporting and matching the beam between the RFQ and the SRF. The transverse focusing of the beam is controlled by five quadrupole magnets with integrated steerers, grouped in one triplet and one doublet. Two buncher cavities surrounding the doublet handle the longitudinal dynamics. Two movable collimators are also included to purify the beam optics coming out the RFQ and avoid losses in the SRF. In this contribution, the final integrated design of the beamline will be shown, together with the auxiliaries. The manufacturing of all the components and the integration in the beamline will be depicted. The final tests carried out to the beamline prior to the installation in the accelerator will be also reported. * P. Cara et al., IPAC16, to be published, Busan, Korea (2016). ** A. Ibarra et al., Fus. Sci. Tech., 66, 1, p. 252-259 (2014). *** I. Podadera et al., IPAC11, San Sebastian, Spain (2011). |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR041 | ||
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TUPLR046 | Design, Fabrication, Installation and Operation of New 201 MHz RF Systems at LANSCE | DTL, controls, cavity, feedback | 564 |
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Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The LANSCE RM project has restored the proton linac to high power capability after the RF power tube manufacturer could no longer provide devices that consistently met the high average power requirement. Diacrodes® now supply RF power to three of the four DTL tanks. These tetrodes reuse the existing infrastructure including water-cooling systems, coaxial transmission lines, high voltage power supplies and capacitor banks. Each final power amplifier system uses a combined pair of LANL-designed cavity amplifiers using the TH628L Diacrode® to produce up to 3.5 MW peak and 420 kW of mean power. A new intermediate power amplifier was developed using a TH781 tetrode. These amplifiers are the first production of new high power 200 MHz RF sources at accelerators in three decades. Design and prototype testing of the high power stages was completed in 2012, with commercialization following in 2013. Each installation was accomplished during a 4 to 5 month beam outage each year staring in 2014. Simultaneously, a new digital low-level RF control system was designed and tested, and placed into operation this year, meeting the stringent field control requirements for the linac. The rapid-paced installation project changed over from old to new RF systems while minimizing beam downtime to the user facility schedule. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR046 | ||
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TUPLR050 | Design of 4-vane RFQ with Magnetic Coupling Windows for Nuclotron Injector Lu-20 | rfq, ion, Windows, coupling | 575 |
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Alvarez-type linac LU-20 is used as Nuclotron injector. In the framework of NICA project the high voltage electrostatic pre-injector for LU-20 has been replaced by RFQ linac. The RFQ was designed by the team of ITEP and MEPhI (Moscow, Russia) and was manufactured in VNIITF (Sneginsk, Russia). The engineering design of the 4-vane RFQ linac with magnetic coupling windows and details of its manufacturing are presented and discussed. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR050 | ||
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TUPLR053 | Development and Measurements of a 325 MHz RFQ | rfq, proton, operation, antiproton | 578 |
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In order to have an inexpensive alternative to 4-Vane RFQs above 200 MHz, we study the possibilities of a Ladder-RFQ. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR. This particular high frequency for an RFQ creates difficulties, which are challenging in developing a cavity, especially for 4-ROD RFQs, which dimensions become critically small with increasing the frequency. In order to define a satisfying geometrical configuration for this resonator, both from the RF and the mechanical point of view, different designs have been examined and compared. Very promising results were reached with a ladder type RFQ, which has been investigated since 2013. Due to its geometry, the manufacturing in terms of complexity, time and costs is more beneficial compared to welded accelerators. Furthermore, maintenance is easy to handle. The manufacturing, coppering and assembling of a 0.8 m prototype RFQ is finished. We present recent measurements of the RF-field including power measurements, frequency-tuning, field flatness as well as power measurements. | |||
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Poster TUPLR053 [47.463 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR053 | ||
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TUPLR061 | Cryomodule and Power Coupler for RIKEN Superconducting QWR | cryomodule, cavity, vacuum, SRF | 598 |
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In RIKEN Nishina Center, we are constructing a prototype of low-beta superconducting QWR for ions. Presently, the designs of cryomodule, which contains two QWRs, and power coupler are being carried out. In this contribution, the progress situation for the construction of cryomodule and power coupler will be reported. This work was funded by ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan). | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR061 | ||
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TUPLR066 | High Current Beam Injector for Cancer Therapy | ion, injection, cavity, acceleration | 604 |
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A hybrid single cavity (HSC) linac, which is formed by combining a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube (DT) structure into one interdigital-H (IH) cavity, is fabricated and assembled as a proof of principle injector for cancer therapy synchrotron, based on the culmination of several years of research. The HSC linac adopts a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS), which can inject a high intensity heavy ion beam produced by a laser ion source (LIS). The input beam current of the HSC is designed to be 20 mA C6+ ions. According to numerical simulations, the HSC linac can accelerate a 6-mA C6+ beam, which meets the requirement of the needed particle number for cancer therapy (108~9 ions/pulse). The HSC injector with the DPIS method makes the existing multi-turn injection system and stripping system unnecessary, and can also bring down the size of the beam pipe in existing synchrotron magnets, which could reduce the whole cost of synchrotron. The radio frequency (RF) measurements show excellent RF properties for the resonator, with a measured Q equal to 91% of the simulated value. A C6+ ion beam extracted from the LIS was used for the HSC commissioning. In beam testing, we found the measured beam parameters agreed with simulations. More details of the measurements and the results of the high power test are reported in this paper. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR066 | ||
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TUPLR068 | Progress and Design Studies for the ATLAS Multi-User Upgrade | booster, kicker, ECR, injection | 610 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The motivations and the concept for the multi-user upgrade of the ATLAS facility at Argonne were presented at recent conferences. With the near completion of the integration of the CARIBU-EBIS for more pure and efficient charge breeding of radioactive beams, more effort is being devoted to study the design options for a potential ATLAS mutli-user upgrade. The proposed upgrade will take advantage of the pulsed nature of the EBIS beams and the cw nature of ATLAS, in order to simultaneously accelerate beams with very close charge-to-mass ratios. In addition to enhancing the nuclear physics program, beam extraction at different points along the linac will open up the opportunity for other possible applications. Different beam injection and extraction schemes are being studied and will be presented. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR068 | ||
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TUPLR069 | Simulation Study on the Beam Loss Mitigation in the 1st Arc Section of FRIB Driver Linac | ion, simulation, electron, heavy-ion | 613 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. The Facility of Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University is now under construction toward user operation in year 2020. Charge-state transition of accelerating ions occurs in the beam line due to interaction with the residual gas. Since this exchange changes charge to mass ratio of the ions, the ion orbit is distorted especially in an arc section with the ion potentially hitting the vacuum pipe. This will generate outgassing from the beamline pipe. Moreover, they become a seed of further charge-state exchanges. Therefore, a collimation of charge exchanged ions is necessary to prevent this feedback cycle. In this presentation, the results of a simulation study on charge exchange reaction in the 1st arc section of FRIB and optimization of collimator position are presented. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR069 | ||
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TUPLR070 | Efficient Heavy Ion Acceleration with IH-Type Cavities for High Current Machines in the Energy Range up to 11.4 MeV/u | emittance, DTL, simulation, cavity | 616 |
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Funding: BMBF 05P15RFRBA We propose an efficient design for heavy ion acceleration from 1.4 to 11.4 MeV/u with a design current of 15 emA for a Uranium 28+ beam. The proposed linac is based on IH-DTL cavities and quadrupole triplet focusing. The KONUS beam dynamics concept is used to achieve high acceleration efficiency. By optimization of the transversal focusing scheme and the longitudinal bunch center motion, low emittance growth for the entire linac is achieved. Beam dynamics simulations were performed along with 3D rf-simulations of all cavities. The cavities are designed for 108.408 MHz, reaching an effective shunt impedance of 100-200 MOhm/m. The overall length of the linac is below 25 m. A mechanical realization concept employing a modular tank design is presented. The proposed design is a viable option for the GSI UNILAC poststripper linac replacement, leaving free space in the UNILAC tunnel for future energy upgrades. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR070 | ||
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TUPLR072 | Fabrication and Low Temperature Test Plan for Rare Isotope Science Project | cryomodule, SRF, cavity, radiation | 619 |
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Quarter-wave resonator (QWR), half-wave resonator (HWR) and single-spoke resonator (SSR) cryomodules are used for RAON accelerator. The layout of RAON accelerator and three types of cryomodules such as QWR, HWR and SSR are shown in the linac. SRF test facility which consists of cryoplant, cleanroom, vertical test facility and horizontal test facility is constructed. Cleanroom has high pressure rinsing (HPR), ultrasonic cleaning (USC), buffered chemical polishing (BCP), high vacuum furnace and cavity assemble place. The test plan for cavity and cryomodules is presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR072 | ||
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TUPLR073 | Development of RAON QWR Cryomodule for Linac Demonstration | cryomodule, cavity, PLC, controls | 622 |
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Quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cryomodule is developed for linac demonstraction. The plan and layout of the linac demonstration are shown. 3D drawing and P&ID are shown for the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cryomodule. The QWR cryomodule consists of cavity, coupler, tuner, liquid helium reservoir, thermal shield and magnetic shield. PLC rack is fabricated to control the QWR cryomodules. The PLC controls and monitors pumps, heaters, cryogenic valves, solenoid valves, gate valves and temperature sensors. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR073 | ||
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TUP106006 | Vertical Test Results on ESS Medium Beta Elliptical Cavity Prototype | cavity, cryomodule, SRF, status | 631 |
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The ESS elliptical superconducting Linac consists of two types of 704.42 MHz cavities, medium and high beta, to accelerate the beam from 216 MeV (spoke cavity Linac) up to the final energy at 2 GeV. The last Linac optimization, called Optimus+ [1], has been carried out taking into account the limitations of SRF cavity performance (field emission). The medium and high-beta parts of the Linac are composed of 36 and 84 elliptical cavities, with geometrical beta values of 0.67 and 0.86 respectively. This work presents the latest vertical test results on ESS medium beta elliptical cavity prototypes. We describe the cavity preparation procedure from buffer chemical polishing to vertical test. Finally magnetic probes (Fluxgate) were installed on the cavity to determine magnetic field background during vertical test. The latest vertical test results showed that our cavity design performance are beyond requirements. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106006 | ||
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TUP106007 | Results of Intensity Upgrade Phase I for 200 MeV H− Linac at Brookhaven | ion, target, operation, ion-source | 634 |
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The 200 MeV H− Linac has been operational for the last 45 years providing beam for the physics and isotope programs. Yearly integrated intensity delivered to BLIP has bean increased by six fold in past decade. Recently we have finish intensity, which resulted 40% more intensity for Brookhaven Linac Isotope Program (BLIP) and reduced losses along the linac and transfer line to BLIP by several folds. We will present detail of the upgrade and the future upgrades plane to further increase the intensity by factor of two | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106007 | ||
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TUP106024 | Optimizing Cavity Choice for FRIB Energy Upgrade Plan | cavity, ion, heavy-ion, cryomodule | 637 |
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Isotope production yield rate is directly proportional to beam power, especially for heavy ions. Higher beam kinetic energy on target drives more isotope yield. FRIB has an energy upgrade plan up to ≥ 400 MeV/u for Uranium and already prepared a vacant space in the design stage and cryogenic capacity that accommodates for the energy upgrade plan[1]. This upgrade requires an optimized linac design and challenging technology for cavity performance improvement. In this paper, we will approach this issue concerning; maximizing final energy, optimum beta, cavity operating frequency, cryogenic power, fabrication and cost in order to develop a cavity that is suitable for the energy upgrade plan. | |||
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Poster TUP106024 [1.343 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106024 | ||
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WE1A03 | The Superconducting Radio-Frequency Linear Accelerator Components for the European Spallation Source: First Test Results | cavity, cryomodule, SRF, proton | 651 |
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The European Spallation Source requires a pulsed Linac with an average beam power on the target of 5MW which is about five times higher than the most powerful spallation source in operation today. Over 97% of the acceleration occurs in superconducting cavities. ESS will be the first accelerator to employ double spoke cavities to accelerate beam. Accelerating gradients of 9MV/meter is required in the spoke section. The spoke section will be followed by 36 elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.67 and elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.86. Accelerating gradients of 20MV/m is required in the elliptical section. Initial gradient test results will be presented in which results exceed expected requirements. | |||
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Slides WE1A03 [6.533 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A03 | ||
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WE1A04 | Performance Analysis of the European XFEL SRF Cavities, From Vertical Test to Operation in Modules | cryomodule, cavity, SRF, controls | 657 |
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More than 800 resonators have been fabricated, vertically qualified and operated in module tests before the accelerating module installation in the linac, which will be completed before the conference. An analysis of this experience, with correlation of the final cavity performances with production, preparation and assembly stages, is underway and at the time of the conference a summary of the activities will be available. | |||
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Slides WE1A04 [3.436 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A04 | ||
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WE1A05 | HIE-ISOLDE SC Linac Progress and Commissioning in 2016 | cryomodule, cavity, coupling, cryogenics | 663 |
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The HIE-ISOLDE project (High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE) reached an important milestone in October 2015 when the first physics run was carried out with radioactive Zn beams at 4 MV/m. This is a first stage in the upgrade of the REX post-accelerator, whereby the energy of the radioactive ion beams was increased from 3 to 4.3 MeV per nucleon. The facility will ultimately be equipped with four high-beta cryomodules that will accelerate the beams up to 10 MeV per nucleon for the heaviest isotopes available at ISOLDE. The first cryomodule of the new linac, hosting five superconducting cavities and one solenoid, was commissioned in summer 2015, while the second one was being assembled in clean room. The new high-energy beam transfer lines were installed and commissioned in the same lapse of time. Commissioning with two cryomodules is planned for Summer 2016 to prepare for a physics run at 5.5 MeV/u in the second half of the year. This contribution will focus on the results of the commissioning and operation of the SC linac in 2015. Plans for the second phase of the HIE-ISOLDE project will be highlighted. | |||
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Slides WE1A05 [4.194 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A05 | ||
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WE1A06 | Status of SPIRAL2 and RFQ Beam Commissioning | rfq, ion, proton, ion-source | 668 |
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The SPIRAL2 project beam commissioning is started and the superconducting linac installation is being finalized. In parallel with the installations, the first proton beam was extracted in 2014 and the expected beam performances were achieved from both light and heavy ion sources. The conditioning of the RFQ started in October 2015, and the beam commissioning soon after that. After having briefly recalled the project scope and parameters, the present situation of the RFQ beam commissioning is presented. | |||
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Slides WE1A06 [19.488 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A06 | ||
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WE2A02 | FRIB Cryomodule Design and Production | cryomodule, cavity, SRF, alignment | 673 |
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Funding: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), under con-struction at Michigan State University, will utilize a driver linac to accelerate stable ion beams from protons to ura-nium up to energies of >200 MeV per nucleon with a beam power of up to 400 kW. Superconducting technology is widely used in the FRIB project, including the ion sources, linac, and experiment facilities. The FRIB linac consists of 48 cryomodules containing a total of 332 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonators and 69 superconducting solenoids. We report on the design and the construction of FRIB cryomodules. |
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Slides WE2A02 [3.823 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE2A02 | ||
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WE2A03 | Plasma Processing to Improve the Performance of the SNS Superconducting Linac | plasma, cryomodule, cavity, accelerating-gradient | 679 |
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Funding: This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE. An in-situ plasma processing technique has been developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) to improve the performance of the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities in operation. The technique uses a low-density reactive neon-oxygen plasma at room-temperature to improve the surface work function, to help removing adsorbed gases on the RF surface and to reduce its secondary emission yield. Recently, the plasma processing technique has been applied to one offline cryomodule and to two cryomodules in the linac tunnel. Improvement of the accelerating gradient has been observed in all three cryomodules. |
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Slides WE2A03 [4.433 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE2A03 | ||
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TH1A02 | Operation of KOMAC 100 MeV Linac | target, operation, ion, DTL | 683 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) was under development for past 15 years, including preliminary design study period, and was successfully commissioned in 2013. The operation of the linac for user service started in July 2013 with two beam lines: one for a 20-MeV beam and the other for a 100-MeV beam. The linac is composed of a 50-keV microwave proton source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole) and a 100-MeV DTL (drift tube linac). In 2015, the linac operating time was more than 2,800 hours with an availability of better than 89% and unscheduled downtime was about 73 hours, mainly due to the ion source and HVCM problems. More than 2,100 samples from various fields such as material science, bio and nano technology and nuclear science, were treated in 2015. Currently, additional beamline for radioisotope production is being commissioned and a new beamline for low-flux irradiation experiments are under construction along with a continuous effort being made to increase the average beam power. |
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Slides TH1A02 [18.355 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A02 | ||
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TH1A03 | Development of New Heavy Ion Linacs at GSI | emittance, DTL, ion, solenoid | 688 |
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The heavy ion linac UNILAC at GSI will be upgraded in order to meet the beam requirements imposed by the upcoming FAIR facility. This upgrade includes several innovative techniques and applications. They comprise a new gaseaous stripper with enhanced efficiency, full 4d transverse emittance measurements, a round-to-flat beam adaptor, asymmetric transverse focusing along the new Alvarez DTL, optimized shape of the drift tube surface w.r.t. shunt impedance per surface field, and a field stabilization and tuning scheme without post-couplers. Additionally, we report on development of a super-conducting cw linac for intermediate mass ions which will be dedicated to production of super heavy elements close to the Coulomb barrier. | |||
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Slides TH1A03 [3.016 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A03 | ||
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TH1A05 | Towards Commissioning of the IFMIF RFQ | rfq, vacuum, controls, impedance | 698 |
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All 18 sections of the IFMIF RFQ were completed in summer 2015. A 2 m section (the last three modules and one prototype used as RF termination) were RF tested at LNL at the design value of 90 kW/m in cw conditions. The three 3.3 m long supermodules were sent to Japan in January 2016. The RFQ was installed and tuned with fixed tuners to the nominal field frequency and field distribution. The very high design shunt impedance was achieved. | |||
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Slides TH1A05 [23.395 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A05 | ||
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TH1A06 | High-Frequency Compact RFQs for Medical and Industrial Applications | rfq, proton, ion, dipole | 704 |
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CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations. | |||
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Slides TH1A06 [9.369 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A06 | ||
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TH2A01 | The Linac Laser Notcher for the Fermilab Booster | laser, booster, cavity, injection | 710 |
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In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. With increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans. | |||
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Slides TH2A01 [15.170 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A01 | ||
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TH2A02 | Results From the Laserwire Emittance Scanner and Profile Monitor at CERN's Linac4 | laser, detector, electron, emittance | 715 |
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A novel, non-invasive, H− laser-wire scanner has been tested during the beam commissioning of CERN's new Linac4. Emittance measurements were performed at beam energies of 3 and 12 MeV with this new device and were found to closely match the results of conventional slit-grid methods. In 2015, the configuration of this laser-wire scanner was substantially modified. In the new setup the electrons liberated by the photo-detachment process are deflected away from the main beam and focused onto a single crystal diamond detector that can be moved in order to follow the laser beam scan. The beam profiles measured with the new laser-wire setup at 50 MeV, 80 MeV and 107 MeV are in good agreement with the measurements of nearby SEM grids and wire-scanners. The design of the final laser-wire scanner for the full 160 MeV beam energy will also be presented. In Linac4 two independent laser-wire devices will be installed in the transfer line to the BOOSTER ring. Each device will be composed of two parts: one hosting the laser-wire and the electron detector and the second hosting the segmented diamond detector used to acquire the transverse profiles of the H0 beamlets. | |||
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Slides TH2A02 [3.164 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A02 | ||
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TH3A02 | The Los Alamos Multi-Probe Facility for Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes | electron, photon, laser, proton | 729 |
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Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. A next-generation signature facility based on multi-probe capabilities is being planned at Los Alamos. This new facility will enable the first in a new generation of game-changing scientific facilities for the materials community. The new Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) facility will be used to discover and design the advanced materials needed to meet 21st-century national security and energy-security challenges to develop next-generation materials that will perform predictably in extreme environments. The MaRIE facility will include a new 12-GeV electron linac using a state-of-the-art electron photoinjector and superconducting accelerator technology to drive a 42-keV XFEL to generate x rays of unprecedented flux and quality, coupled with the existing proton-beam capabilities of the LANSCE proton linac, new experimental halls, and new materials fabrication/characterization facilities. A description of this new facility, its requirements, and planned uses and capabilities will be presented. Status of the project will also be presented. |
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Slides TH3A02 [5.060 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH3A02 | ||
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THOP04 | Measurements of the Beam Break-Up Threshold Current at the Recirculating Electron Accelerator S-DALINAC | electron, recirculation, HOM, optics | 751 |
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Funding: *Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under Grant No. 05K13RDA. Linear accelerators, in particular those with a recirculating design and superconducting cavities, have to deal with the problem of Beam Break-Up (BBU). This instability can limit the maximum beam current in such accelerators. Knowing the effectiveness of prevention strategies is of great interest especially for future accelerators like energy recovery linacs (ERL) which aim for high beam currents. One option is to optimize the cavities and higher order mode couplers of those machines. In addition one may adapt the beam line lattice for further suppressing BBU. The superconducting recirculating accelerator S-DALINAC at the Technische Universität Darmstadt provides electron beams in c.w. for nuclear physics experiments since 1991. As the SRF components were never optimized for higher order mode suppression the S-DALINAC suffers from BBU at relatively low beam currents of a few μA. While those currents are sufficient for most nuclear physics experiments we can investigate BBU with respect to the beam optics. We will report on first measurements of threshold currents at different beam energies of the S-DALINAC. The results of a first test to increase the BBU limit by using skew quadrupoles will be presented. |
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Slides THOP04 [1.473 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP04 | ||
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THOP05 | Status and Operation of the ALBA Linac | klystron, injection, operation, storage-ring | 754 |
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The pre-injector of the ALBA Light Source is a Linac that delivers electrons up to a maximum energy of 125 MeV. It consist in a pre-bunching, a bunching and two accelerating sections feed by two 35 MW klystrons. Since July 2014, ALBA is operating in top-up mode, and the Linac is delivering 110 MeV electrons in multibunch mode every 20 minutes. Recently, new injection modes have been implemented and successfully tested. For one side, injection to the ALBA Booster is now also available with only one of the two klystrons in operation, and the Linac delivering a 67 MeV beam. On the other hand, the Linac single bunch mode has been integrated to the top-up operation application. By means of an algorithm, single bunch mode operation provides any kind of filling pattern in the ALBA storage ring, with single bunch shots injected to those buckets with lowest current. The performance of the Linac beam operated in these different modes is reported. | |||
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Slides THOP05 [0.604 MB] | ||
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Poster THOP05 [4.967 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP05 | ||
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THOP08 | Beam Commissioning of the i-BNCT Linac | target, rfq, ion, ion-source | 760 |
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The beam commissioning of the linac for the boron neutron capture therapy of Ibaraki prefecture (i-BNCT) has been started. The accelerator of i-BNCT consists of the 3-MeV RFQ and 8-MeV DTL. The design of RF structure of them is based on the J-PARC linac. After the first demonstration of neutron production on December 2015, significant modifications to the linac were given in order to increase the operation stability and the beam power. The progress of the beam commissioning of the i-BNCT will be presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP08 | ||
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THOP09 | Tuning of the CERN 750 MHz RFQ for Medical Applications | rfq, quadrupole, operation, target | 763 |
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CERN has built a compact 750 MHz RFQ as an injector for a hadron therapy linac. This RFQ was designed to accelerate protons to an energy of 5 MeV within only 2 m length. It is divided into four segments and equipped with 32 tuners in total. The RFQ length corresponds to 5λ which is considered to be close to the limit for simple field adjustment using tuners. Nevertheless the high frequency results in a sensitive structure and requires careful tuning by means of the alignment of the pumping ports and fixed tuners. This paper gives an overview of the tuning procedure and bead pull measurements of the RFQ. | |||
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Slides THOP09 [16.367 MB] | ||
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Poster THOP09 [23.832 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP09 | ||
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THOP12 | Electron Linac Upgrade for Thomx Project | gun, emittance, electron, laser | 773 |
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The injector Linac for Thomx * consists of an electron gun and S-band accelerating section. The RF gun is a 2.5 cells photo-injector able to provide electron bunches with 5 MeV energy. During the commissioning phase, a standard S-band accelerating section is able to achieve around 50 MeV corresponding to around 45 keV X-rays energy. Since the maximum targeted X-ray energy is 90 keV, the Linac design will provide a beam energy of 70 MeV. The Linac upgrade of the machine covers many different aspects. The purpose is to increase the compactness of the accelerator complex whereas the beam properties for ring injection are kept. A LAL Orsay-PMB ALCEN collaboration has been established. The program foresees the RF design, prototyping and power tests of a high-gradient compact S-band accelerating structure. To fulfill the technical specifications at the interaction point, the Linac must be carefully designed. Beam dynamics simulations have been performed for optimizing the emittance and the energy spread for the ring entrance. The best set of parameters together with the effect of the accelerating section to the beam dynamics at the end of the LINAC will be presented.
* A. Variola, et al, "The Thomx Project Status", Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany. |
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Slides THOP12 [1.726 MB] | ||
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Poster THOP12 [0.823 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP12 | ||
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THPRC006 | Development of 704.4 MHz Power Coupler Window for Myrrha Project | simulation, cavity, Windows, electron | 776 |
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Myrrha is an accelerator driven system (ADS) hybrid research reactor designed for spent nuclear fuel burning. The linac controlling the reactor has to be highly reliable (low failure rate). In order to fulfill requirements of ADS projects like Myrrha, IPNO and Thales are involved in a power couplers research and development program. We develop a power coupler window, with MAX RF design, for 80 kW CW input power. During the study, we take account of fabrication and cost issues. We present in this paper the result of simulations needed to design this coupler window. The electromagnetic, thermal and thermo-mechanical simulations were performed with Ansys. The multipacting simulations were performed with Musicc3D, software developed by IPNO. The conditioning and test bench is also described as two prototypes have to be tested this autumn. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC006 | ||
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THPRC013 | Design of a FRIB Half-Wave Pre-Production Cryomodule | cryogenics, vacuum, alignment, solenoid | 795 |
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Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE SC0000661. The driver linac for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will require the production of 48 cryomodules (CMs). In addition to the β=0.085 quarter-wave CM, FRIB has completed the design of a β=0.53 half-wave CM as a pre-production prototype. This CM will qualify the performance of the resonators, fundamental power couplers, tuners, and cryogenic systems of the β=0.53 half-wave design. In addition to the successful systems qualification; the β=0.53 CM build will also verify the FRIB bottom up assembly and alignment method on a half-wave CM type. The lessons learned from the β=0.085 pre-production CM build including valuable fabrication, sourcing, and assembly experience have been applied to the design of β=0.53 half-wave CM. This paper will report the design of the β=0.53 half-wave CM as well as the CM interfaces within the linac tunnel. |
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Poster THPRC013 [0.954 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC013 | ||
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THPRC014 | RF Losses in 1.3 GHz Cryomodule of The LCLS-II Superconducting CW Linac | cryomodule, HOM, cavity, cryogenics | 798 |
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The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an x-ray free electron laser facility. The proposed upgrade of the LCLS facility is based on construction of a new 4 GeV superconducting (SC) linac that will operate in continuous wave (CW) mode. The major infrastructure investments and the operating cost of a SC CW linac are outlined by its cryogenic requirements. Thus, a detail understanding of RF losses in the cryogenic environment is critical for the entire project. In this paper we review RF losses in a 1.3 GHz accelerating cryomodule of the LCLS-II linac. RF losses due to various sources such untrapped higher order modes (HOMs), resonant losses etc. are addressed and presented here. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC014 | ||
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THPRC015 | Cool-Down Performance of the Cornell ERL Cryomodules | cryomodule, cavity, operation, cryogenics | 802 |
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In the framework of the ERL prototyping, Cornell University has built two cryomodules, one injector module and one prototype Main Linac Cryomodule (MLC). In 2015, the MLC was successfully cooled down for the first time. We will report details on the cool-down as well as cycle tests we did in order to achieve slow and fast cool-down of the cavities. We will also report on the improvement we made on the injector cryomodule which also included a modification of the heat exchanger can that allows now a more controlled cool-down, too. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC015 | ||
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THPRC016 | Assembling Experience of the First Two HIE-ISOLDE Cryomodules | cavity, vacuum, ion, status | 805 |
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The assembly of the first two cryomodules (CM1 and CM2) of the new superconducting linear accelerator HIE-ISOLDE (High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE), located downstream of the REX-ISOLDE normal conducting accelerator, started one year and half ago. After a delicate assembly phase in the cleanroom which lasted nine months, the first cryomodule was transported to the ISOLDE hall on 2 May 2015 and coupled to the existing REX-ISOLDE accelerator, increasing the energy of the radioactive ion beams from 2.8 to 4.3 MeV per nucleon. The superconducting linac supplied the CERN-ISOLDE Facility, with radioactive zinc ions until the end of the proton run in November 2015. At the beginning of 2016, the second cryomodule was installed in the machine, increasing the energy to 5.5 MeV per nucleon. During commissioning of the first cryomodule in summer 2015, it was found that the performance of the RF superconductive cavities was limited by the over-heating of their RF couplers. The decision was taken to refurbish CM1 and reinstall it at the end of April. In this paper, we present the challenges faced and the experience gained with the cleanroom assembly of the first two cryomodules, especially the construction of the SC RF cavities and their RF ancillaries. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC016 | ||
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THPRC021 | Status of β=0.53 Pre-Production Cryomodule | cavity, SRF, cryomodule, alignment | 811 |
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Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE SC0000661. The driver linac for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) comprises four kinds of cavities (=0.041, 0.085, 0.29, and 0.53) and six types of cryomodules including matching modules. FRIB has started the fabrication of a β=0.53 preproduction cryomodule, which is the first prototype for a half-wave (=0.29 and 0.53) cavity. This paper describes the fabrication progress and the lessons learned from the β=0.53 preproduction cryomodule. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC021 | ||
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THPRC022 | The Cryogenic Performance of the ARIEL E-Linac Cryomodules | cryomodule, cavity, TRIUMF, cryogenics | 815 |
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The Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory (ARIEL) project at TRIUMF requires a 50 MeV superconducting electron Linac consisting of five nine cell 1.3 GHz cavities divided into three cryomodules with one, two and two cavities in each module respectively. The cryomodule design utilizes a unique box cryomodule with a top-loading cold mass. LHe is distributed in parallel to each cryomodule at 4 K and at ~1.2 bar. Each cryomodule has a cryogenic insert on board that receives the 4 K liquid and produces 2 K liquid into a cavity phase separator. In the cryomodules the natural two-phase convection loops, i.e. siphon loop, are installed which supply 4 K liquid to thermal intercepts and return the vaporized liquid to the 4 K reservoir as a refrigerator load. The design of the cryomodule, the simulation results with Ansys Fluent and the results of the cold tests will be presented.
mayanyun@triumf.ca |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC022 | ||
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THPRC024 | Polarity Check of the FRIB Cryomodule Solenoids by Measuring Leakage Magnetic Field | solenoid, cryomodule, dipole, vacuum | 821 |
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Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE SC0000661. We observed the outside magnetic field of the first β=0.085 production cryomodule while a solenoid and steering dipoles are under operation. This measurement aims to check the polarity on these magnets after the final installation in the accelerating tunnel. This paper also shows the residual magnetic field variation through the degaussing process of these magnets. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC024 | ||
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THPRC026 | Optical Design of the PI-Test MEBT Beam Scraping System | SRF, focusing, emittance, space-charge | 827 |
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PI-Test [1] is an accelerator facility under construction at Fermilab that will provide a platform to demonstrate critical technologies and concept of front-end of the PIP-II superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linac. It will be capable to accelerate an H− ion beam with average current of 2 mA up to 25 MeV in continuous wave (CW) regime. To protect the SRF components from beam irradiation, the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section of PI-Test includes an elaborated beam scraping system. It consists of four assemblies spread along the MEBT, with each assembly composed of four radiation-cooled, electrically isolated plates that can be moved into the beam in horizontal and vertical direction. The primary objectives of scraping system are to intercept particles with large transverse action and to protect the beamline elements and SRF linac in case of errors with beam focusing or steering. In this paper we formulate requirements for the scraping system and discuss factors affecting its efficiency. An optical design compatible with PI-Test MEBT is also presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC026 | ||
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THPRC029 | Comissioning Results for a Subharmonic Buncher at REA | bunching, detector, rfq, timing | 833 |
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Funding: NSF PHY-1102511 The reaccelerator facility (ReA) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) offers a unique capability to study reactions with low-energy beams of rare isotopes. A beam from the coupled cyclotron facility is stopped in a gas stopping system, charge bred in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), and then reaccelerated in a compact superconducting LINAC. The original beam repetition rate at the ReA targets was the same as the LINAC RF frequency of 80.5 MHz. In order to add the capability to bunch at a lower frequency (desirable for many types of experiments using time of flight data acquisitions) a 16.1 MHz buncher has been designed, constructed, and commissioned. This paper reports the results of the commissioning of the device, and outlines some future avenues for further improvement of the properties of the bunched beam. |
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Poster THPRC029 [0.903 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPRC029 | ||
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THPLR003 | Fabrication and High-Gradient Testing of an Accelerating Structure Made From Milled Halves | shielding, radiation, collider, accelerating-gradient | 845 |
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Accelerating structures made from parts which follow symmetry planes offer many potential advantages over traditional disk-based structures: more options for joining (from bonding to welding), following this more options for material state (heat treated or not) and potentially lower cost since structures can be made from fewer parts. An X-band structure made from milled halves, and with a standard benchmarked CLIC test structure design has been fabricated and high-gradient tested in the range of 100 MV/m. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR003 | ||
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THPLR007 | Dark Current Studies in ILC Main Linac | focusing, radiation, operation, electron | 855 |
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Studies and optimization of design of the International Linear Collider (ILC) based on the TESLA-type 9-cell 1.3 GHz superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are currently underway. Dark current electron generated by field emission (FE) in SRF cavities can be captured and accelerated in the main ILC linac up to very high energy before they are removed by focusing and steering magnets. Dark current electrons, interacting with the materials surrounding SRF cavities, produce electromagnetic showers and contribute to the radiation in the main ILC tunnel. In this paper present preliminary results of the simulation study of dark current in the ILC linac. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR007 | ||
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THPLR009 | A Compact Muon Accelerator for Tomography and Active Interrogation | electron, target, cavity, simulation | 861 |
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Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Muons have been demonstrated to be great probes for imaging large and dense objects due to their excellent penetrating ability. At present there are no muon accelerators. Development of a compact system that can produce an intense beam of accelerated muons would provide unique imaging options for stockpile stewardship while delivering minimal radiation dose, as well as various homeland-security and industrial applications. Our novel compact accelerator approach allows a single linac to be used to first accelerate an electron beam to 800 MeV to generate muons by interacting with a production target in a high-field solenoid magnet and then to collect and accelerate these low-energy muons to 1 GeV to be used for imaging or active interrogation. The key enabling technology is a high-gradient accelerator with large energy and angular acceptances. Our proposed solution for efficient acceleration of low-energy muons is a 0-mode linac coupled with conventional electron RF accelerating structures to provide a compact system that could deliver a controllable high-flux beam of muons with well-defined energy to allow precise radiographic inspections of complicated objects. The details of the conceptual design will be discussed. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR009 | ||
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THPLR015 | Fifth-Order Moment Correction for Beam Position and Second-Order Moment Measurement | simulation, experiment, factory, quadrupole | 876 |
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For precise beam position measurement using a beam position monitor (BPM), a recursive correction which is expressed by the higher-order polynomials of beam positions are usually adopted. We recognized that the higher-order polynomials came from the higher-order moments and that beam position measurement is consequently influenced by a transverse beam shape. To investigate what order was required for adequate correction, we performed a successive iteration for the six-electrode BPM holding an inner radius of 16mm (circular cross-section). The successive iteration is a method to obtain a self-consistent solution for the higher-order correction. An amplitude of static electric field due to a beam charge was calculated by two-dimensional mirror charge method. As a result of the successive iteration, the convergence region was large enough for ordinary measurements (from lower than -5mm to higher than 5mm horizontally and vertically). In the convergence region the root mean square of the differences between the set and calculated vertical position were obtained as 0.487mm (without correction), 0.030mm (with third-order correction) and 0.003mm (with fifth-order correction). | |||
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Poster THPLR015 [6.049 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR015 | ||
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THPLR018 | HOM Suppression Improvement for Mass Production of EXFEL Cavities at RI | cavity, HOM, damping, coupling | 879 |
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During cold RF tests of the European XFEL (EXFEL) cavities at DESY it was observed that the damping of the second monopole mode (TM011) showed the largest variation, which was sometimes up to 2-3 times lower than the originally allowed limit. It was concluded that this TM011-damping degradation was caused by cavity geometry deviation within the specified mechanical tolerances. The particular influence of different mechanical parameters was analyzed and additional RF measurements were carried out to find the most critical geometry parameters. Stability of the equator welding and regularity of chemical treatment were investigated for different cavity cells. In spite of the high fabrication rate during EXFEL cavity mass production the TM011 suppression was improved to an acceptable level. | |||
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Poster THPLR018 [0.378 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR018 | ||
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THPLR020 | Status and Progress of FRIB High Level Controls | controls, database, ion, status | 885 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 FRIB, which is a new heavy ion accelerator facility to provide intense beams of rare isotopes, is currently under construction at Michigan State University. Its driver linac accelerates all stable ions up to uranium, and targets to provides a CW beam with the energy of 200 MeV/u and the beam power of 400 kW. The beam commissioning of the its Front-End has been planned to start from Middle of 2016. The high level controls for incoming commissioning is under active development and deployment. The latest status progress will be presented in this paper. |
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Poster THPLR020 [2.291 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR020 | ||
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THPLR024 | SPIRAL2 Project: Integration of the Accelerator Processes, Construction of the Buildings and Process Connections | controls, ion, rfq, neutron | 894 |
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The GANIL SPIRAL 2 Project is based on the construction of a superconducting ion CW LINAC (up to 5 mA - 40 MeV deuteron and 33 MeV proton beams, up to 1 mA - 14.5 MeV/u heavy ion beams) with two experimental areas named S3 ('Super Separator Spectrometer' for very heavy and super heavy element production) and NFS ('Neutron For Science'), The building studies as well as the accelerator and experimental equipment integration started in 2009. The ground breaking started at the end of 2010. The integration task of the different equipments into the buildings is managed by a trade-oriented integration unit gathering the accelerator integration team, the building prime contractor and a dedicated contracting assistant. All work packages are synthesized at the same time using 3D models. 3D tools are used to carry out integration, synthesis, process connections and the preparation of the future assembly. Since 2014, the buildings and process connections are received and the accelerator installation is well advanced. This contribution will describe these 3D tools, the building construction, the process connection status and our experience feedback. | |||
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Poster THPLR024 [3.620 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR024 | ||
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THPLR027 | Progress Towards a 2.0 K Half-Wave Resonator Cryomodule for Fermilab's PIP-II Project | cryomodule, vacuum, cavity, SRF | 906 |
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Funding: This material is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and Office of High-Energy Physics, Contracts No. DE-AC02-76-CH03000 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. In support of Fermilab's Proton Improvement Plan-II project Argonne National Laboratory is constructing a superconducting half-wave resonator cryomodule. This cryomodule is designed to operate at 2.0 K, a first for low-velocity ion accelerators, and will accelerate ≥1 mA proton/H− beams from 2.1 to 10.3 MeV. Since 2014 the construction of 9 162.5 MHz b = 0.112 superconducting half-wave resonators, the vacuum vessel and the majority of the cryomodule subsystems have been finished. Here we will update on the status of this work and report on preliminary cavity test results. This will include cavity performance measurements where we found residual resistances of < 3 nanoOhms at low fields and peak voltage gains of 5.9 MV, which corresponds to peak surface fields of 134 MV/m and 144 mT electric and magnetic respectively. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR027 | ||
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THPLR028 | Simulation of Mechanical Oscillations in PIP-II Cryomodule Using ACE3P | cavity, simulation, SRF, proton | 910 |
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Funding: Work supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The linac in the PIP-II project at Fermilab consists of different sections of superconducting rf (SRF) cavities that can accelerate the proton beams to 800 MeV. At the end of the linac is a section containing a number of HB (β = 0.92) cryomodules operating at 650 MHz, with each cryomodule consisting of six SRF cavities. Previous calculations have been carried out to determine the mechanical modes of a single cavity in the 650 MHz cryomodule. In this paper, the parallel code suite ACE3P is used to evaluate the mechanical modes for a string of SRF cavities in the 650 MHz cryomodule. The effects of multi cavities on the mechanical mode frequencies and any possible coupling between cavities will be investigated. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR028 | ||
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THPLR029 | Update on the SC 325 MHz CH-Cavity and Power Coupler Processing | cavity, ion, SRF, heavy-ion | 913 |
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Funding: Work supported by GSI, BMBF Contr. No. 05P15RFRBA The 325 MHz CH-Cavity which has been developed and successfully vertically tested at the Institute for Applied Physics, Frankfurt, has reached the final production stage. The helium vessel has been welded to the frontal joints of the cavity and further tests in a horizontal environment are in preparation. Furthermore the corresponding power couplers have been conditioned and tested at a dedicated test stand up to the power level of 40 kW (pulsed) for the targeted beam operation. The final step of the whole prototype development is a beam test with a 11.4 AMeV, 10 mA ion beam at GSI, Darmstadt. |
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Poster THPLR029 [1.858 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR029 | ||
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THPLR030 | Performances of the Two First Single Spoke Prototypes for the MYRRHA Project | cavity, cryomodule, simulation, superconductivity | 916 |
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Funding: This work is being supported by the Euratom research and training program 2014-2018 under grant agreement N°662186 (MYRTE project) The MYRRHA project aims at the construction of an accelerator driven system (ADS) at MOL (Belgium) for irradiation and transmutation experiment purposes. The facility will feature a superconducting LINAC able to produce a proton flux of 2.4 MW (600 MeV - 4 mA). The first section of the superconducting LINAC will be composed of 352 MHz (β = 0.37) Single Spoke Resonators (SSR) housed in short cryomodules operating at 2K. After a brief presentation of the cryomodule design, this paper will aim at presenting the RF performances of the SSR tested in vertical cryostat in the framework of European MYRTE project (MYRRHA Research and Transmutation Endeavour) and at comparing experimental results (Lorentz forces, pressure sensitivity, multipacting barriers…) to simulated values. |
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Poster THPLR030 [1.610 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR030 | ||
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THPLR032 | Update on SSR2 Cavity EM Design for PIP-II | cavity, simulation, quadrupole, acceleration | 920 |
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Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) is the future plan for upgrading the Fermilab proton accelerator complex to a beam power capability of at least 1 MW delivered to the neutrino production target. A room temperature section accelerates H− ions to 2.1 MeV and creates the desired bunch structure for injection into the superconducting (SC) linac. SC linac using five cavity types. One 162.5 MHz half wave resonator, two 325 MHz spoke resonators and two 650 MHz elliptical 5-cell cavities, provide acceleration to 800 MeV. The EM design of the second family of spoke resonator is presented in this paper. The work reported is a thorough electromagnetic study including: the RF parameters, multipacting mitigation and transverse field asymmetry. The cavity is now ready for structural design analysis. | |||
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Poster THPLR032 [1.947 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR032 | ||
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THPLR033 | R&D Status of the New Superconducting CW Heavy Ion LINAC@GSI | cavity, ion, pick-up, heavy-ion | 923 |
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For future research in the field of Super Heavy Elements (SHE) a superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) ion LINAC with high intensity is highly desirable. Presently a multi-stage R&D program conducted by GSI, HIM and IAP[*] is in progress. The fundamental linac design composes a high performance ion source, a new low energy beam transport line, the High Charge State Injector (HLI) upgraded for cw, and a matching line (1.4 MeV/u) followed by the new sc-DTL LINAC for acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. The successful commissioning of the first Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavity (Demonstrator), in a vertical cryo module, was a major milestone in 2015[**]. The next stage of the new sc cw heavy ion LINAC is the advanced demonstrator comprising a string of cavities and focusing elements build from several short constant-beta sc CH-cavities operated at 217MHz. Currently the first two sc 8 gap CH-cavities are under construction at Research Instruments (RI), Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. The new design without girders and with stiffening brackets at the front and end cap potentially reduces the overall technical risks during the construction phase and the pressure sensitivity of the cavity. The recent status of the construction phase as well as an outlook for further cavity development of the new cw heavy ion LINAC will be presented.
*W.Barth et al.,Further R&D for a new Superconducting cw Heavy Ion LINAC@GSI, IPAC14, THPME004 **F.Dziuba et al.,First Performance Test on the Superconducting 217 MHz CH Cavity at 4K,LINAC16, THPLR033 |
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Poster THPLR033 [2.502 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR033 | ||
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THPLR037 | Development of a Superconducting Twin Axis Cavity | cavity, HOM, niobium, SRF | 932 |
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Superconducting cavities with two separate accelerating axes have been proposed in the past for energy recovery linac applications. While the study showed the advantages of such cavity, the designs present serious fabrication challenges. Hence the proposed cavities have never been built. The new design, elliptical twin cavity, proposed by Jefferson Lab and optimized by Center for Accelerator Science at Old Dominion University, allows similar level of engineering and fabrication techniques of a typical elliptical cavity. This paper describes preliminary LOM and HOM spectrum, engineering and fabrication processes of the twin axis cavity. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR037 | ||
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THPLR041 | 650 MHz Elliptical Superconducting RF Cavities for PIP-II Project | cavity, cryomodule, controls, beam-transport | 943 |
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The PIP-II 800 MeV linac employs 650 MHz elliptical 5-cell CW-capable cavities to accelerate up to 2 mA peak beam current of H− in the energy range 185 - 800 MeV. The low beta (LB) βG = 0.61 portion should accelerate from 185 MeV-500 MeV using 33 LB dressed cavities in 11 cryomodules. The high beta (HB) βG = 0.92 portion of the linac should accelerate from 500 to 800 MeV using 24 HB dressed cavities in 4 cryomodules. The development of both LB and HB cavities is going on under IIFC collaboration. The development of LB cavity initiated at VECC Kolkatta and HB cavity is going at RRCAT, Indore. This paper present design methodology adopted starting from RF design to get mechanical dimensions of the RF cells and then explains dressing of the cavity for both low beta and high beta cavities. Further the tuner design and its integration to the dressed cavity is discussed. Paper also explains the salient design features of these dressed cavities. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR041 | ||
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THPLR042 | Beam Dynamics Studies for a Compact Carbon Ion Linac for Therapy | ion, DTL, focusing, rfq | 946 |
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under Accelerator Stewardship Grant, Proposal No. 0000219678 Feasibility of an Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL) for hadron therapy is being studied at Argonne National Laboratory in collaboration with RadiaBeam Technologies. The 45-meter long linac is designed to deliver 109 carbon ions per second with variable energy from 45 MeV/u to 450 MeV/u. S-band structure provides the acceleration in this range. The carbon beam energy can be adjusted from pulse to pulse, making 3D tumor scanning straightforward and fast. Front end accelerating structures such as RFQ, DTL and coupled DTL are designed to operate at lower frequencies. The design of the linac was accompanied with extensive end-to-end beam dynamics studies which are presented in this paper. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR042 | ||
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THPLR044 | First Performance Test on the Superconducting 217 MHz CH Cavity at 4.2 K | cavity, controls, operation, low-level-rf | 953 |
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Funding: HIM, GSI, BMBF Contr. No. 05P15RFRBA, EU Project MYRTE At the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) of Frankfurt University a superconducting (sc) 217 MHz Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavity with 15 accelerating cells and a gradient of 5.5 MV/m has been designed. The cavity is the key component of the demonstrator project at GSI which is the first stage to a new sc continuous wave (cw) linac for the production of Super Heavy Element (SHE) in the future. A successful and reliable beam operation of this first prototype will be a milestone on the way to the proposed linac. After fabrication at Research Instruments (RI) GmbH, Germany, the cavity without helium vessel has been commissioned at the new cryogenic test facility of the IAP with low level rf power at 4 K. The results of this first cold test will be presented in this contribution. |
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Poster THPLR044 [4.540 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR044 | ||
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THPLR045 | Operation Mode and Machine State Control for FRIB Driver Linac Operation | operation, ion, controls, heavy-ion | 956 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 FRIB is a heavy ion linac facility to accelerate all stable ions up to 200 MeV/u with the beam power of 400 kW under construction at Michigan State University. It is required for FRIB driver linac to support various modes of operation with different ion species, charge states, beam energy and so on to meet requirements from experiments. In this paper, we describe overall design of operation modes, machine states, and software to manage transitions of those mitigating the risk of machine damage in FRIB. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR045 | ||
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THPLR046 | FRIB Fast Machine Protection System: Engineering for Distributed Fault Monitoring System and Light Speed Response | status, network, FPGA, timing | 959 |
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a high-power, heavy ion facility, can accelerate beam up to 400 kW power with kinetic energy ≥ 200 MeV/u. Its fast protection system is required to detect failure and remove beam within 35 μs to prevent damage to equipment. The fast protection system collects OK/NOK inputs from hundreds of devices, such as low level RF controllers, beam loss monitors, and beam current monitors, which are distributed over 200 m. The engineering challenge here is to design a distributed control system to collect status from these devices and send out the mitigation signals within 10 μS timing budget and also rearm for the next pulse for 100 Hz beam (10 mS). This paper describes an engineering solution with a master-slave structure adopted in FRIB. Details will be covered from system architecture to FPGA hardware platform design and from communication protocols to physical interface definition. The response time of ~9.6μS from OK/NOK inputs to mitigation outputs is reached when query method is used to poll the status. A new approach is outlined to use bi-direction loop structure for the slave chain and use streaming mode for data collection from slave to master, ~3μS response time are expected from this engineering optimization. |
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Poster THPLR046 [1.872 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR046 | ||
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THPLR050 | IFMIF RFQ Module Characterization via Mechanical and RF Measurements | rfq, cavity, controls, alignment | 972 |
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The RFQ of the IFMIF/EVEDA project is a 9.9 m long cavity able to accelerate a 130 mA deuteron beam from the input energy of 100 keV to the output energy of 5 MeV. Such RFQ operates at the frequency of 175 MHz and is composed of 18 mechanical modules approximately 0.55 m long each. The RFQ realization involves the I.N.F.N. Sections of Padova, Torino and Bologna, as well as the Legnaro National Laboratories (L.N.L.). The metrological measurements via CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) provided to be a very effective tool both for quality controls along the RFQ production phases and in the reconstruction of the cavity geometric profile for each RFQ module. The scans in the most sensitive regions with respect to RF frequency, such as modulation, tips, base-vane width and vessel height provided the values of the cavity deviations from nominal geometry to be compared with design physic-driven tolerances and with RF measurements. Moreover, the comparison between mechanical and RF measurements suggests a methodology for the geometric reconstruction of the cavity axis and determines the final machining of the end surfaces of each module in view of the coupling with the adjacent ones. In this paper a description of the meteorological procedures and tests and of the RFQ along its production and assembly phases will be described. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR050 | ||
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THPLR059 | Status of a 325 MHz High Gradient CH - Cavity | cavity, ion, operation, resonance | 982 |
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Funding: BMBF with contract number 05P12RFRB9 The reported linac developments aim on compact ion accelerators and on an increase of the effective accelerat-ing field (voltage gain per meter). Within a funded pro-ject, a high gradient Crossbar H-type CH-cavity operat-ed at 325 MHz was developed and successfully built at IAP-Frankfurt. The effective accelerating field for this cavity is expected to reach about 13.3 MV/m at a beam energy of 12.5 AMeV, corresponding to β=0.164. The results from this cavity might influence the later energy upgrade of the Unilac at GSI Darmstadt. The aim is a compact pulsed high current ion accelerator for significantly higher energies up to 200 AMeV. Detailed investigations for two different types of copper plating (high lustre and lustre less) with respect to the high spark limit will be performed on this cavity. The 325 MHz GSI 3 MW klystron test stand is best suited for these investigations. Additionally, operating of normal conducting cavities for the case of very short RF pulses will be discussed at cryogenic temperature. |
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DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR059 | ||
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THPLR060 | Experience with the Conditioning of Linac4 RF Cavities | cavity, vacuum, DTL, coupling | 985 |
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Linac4, the future H− injector of the PS complex at CERN has reached the hardware and beam commissioning phase. This paper summarizes the experience gained in RF conditioning of the DTL, CCDTL and PIMS cavities. The behaviour in conditioning of these cavities strongly depends on the cavity type and assembly conditions. Examples of conditioning history and vacuum measurements before, during and after conditioning are discussed. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR060 | ||
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THPLR062 | Muon Acceleration Using an RFQ | rfq, experiment, acceleration, emittance | 992 |
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A muon linac development for a new muon g-2 experiment is now going on at J-PARC. Muons from the muon beam line (H-line) at the J-PARC MLF are once stopped in an silica aerojel target and room temperature muoniums are evaporated from the aerogel. They are dissociated with laser (ultra slow muons), then accelerated up to 212 MeV using a linear accelerator. As the first accelerating structure, an RFQ will be used. We are planning to use a spare RFQ of the J-PARC linac for the first acceleration test. For this acceleration test, an degraded muon beam will be used instead of the ultra slow muon sourece. In this paper, present status of this muon acceleration test using the J-PARC RFQ is presented. | |||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR062 | ||
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FR1A01 | Fast Envelope Tracking for Space Charge Dominated Injectors | space-charge, TRIUMF, GUI, optics | 1017 |
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High brightness injectors are increasingly pushing against space charge effects. Usually, particle tracking codes such as ASTRA, GPT, or PARMELA are used to model these systems however these can be slow to use for detailed optimization. It becomes increasingly challenging in future projects such as LCLS-II where space charge effects are still significant after BC1 and BC2 at 250 and 1600 MeV respectively. This talk will describe an envelope tracking approach that compares well against the particle tracking codes and could facilitate much faster optimization. | |||
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Slides FR1A01 [0.786 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A01 | ||
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FR1A03 | Intense Beam Production of Highly Charged Ions by the Superconducting ECR Ion Source SECRAL for Heavy Ion Linacs | ion, ECRIS, ion-source, ECR | 1027 |
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Superconducting ECR ion source (SC-ECRIS) represents the state of the art technologies of ECR ion sources. Existing SC-ECRISs developed in different labs have contributed significantly for ECRIS technology advancement in the last 15 years. Recently the superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL operated at 24 GHz at IMP has produced many new world recorded beam intensities of highly charged ions due to new technologies applied, such as a new microwave coupling scheme. At the meantime, the world first 4th generation ECR ion source operated at 45 GHz is being developed at IMP. All these developments on intense beam production of highly charged ions with superconducting ECR ion source may play significant roles for the next generation heavy ion linacs such as FRIB and Linac of HIAF project. This paper will report the recent developments of intense highly charged heavy ion beams at IMP and the discussion on perspectives of next generation ECRIS for the future heavy ion liancs. | |||
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Slides FR1A03 [13.557 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A03 | ||
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FR1A04 | Ion Effects in High Brightness Electron Linac Beams | ion, experiment, radiation, electron | 1032 |
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Electron beams ionize rest gas particles which then accumulate around them, disturbing beam dynamics and causing background radiation. While this effect has been predicted in the past, linacs have hitherto not suffered from it because of their rather small beam current. The effect of ions increases with larger currents and smaller cross sections of the beam, and it has clearly been observed in Cornell's high-brightness ERL injector for the first time. This presentation will show experimental evidence for ions, demonstrate strategies for their elimination, and will compare the experimental data to theories of beam-ion interactions. | |||
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Slides FR1A04 [5.995 MB] | ||
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Poster FR1A04 [2.630 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A04 | ||
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FR1A05 | Development of a Muon Linac for the G-2/EDM Experiment at J-PARC | rfq, acceleration, emittance, cavity | 1037 |
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Precision measurements of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) and electric dipole moment (EDM) are one of the effective ways to test the standard model. An ultra-cold muon beam is generated from a surface muon beam by a thermal muonium production and accelerated to 300 MeV/c by a linac. The muon linac consists of an RFQ, an inter-digital IH, a Disk And Washer structure, and a disk loaded structure. The ultra-cold muons will have an extremely small momentum spread of 0.3 % with a normalized transverse emittance of around 1.5 pi mm-mrad. The design and status of the muon linac at J-PARC will be presented. | |||
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Slides FR1A05 [13.154 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A05 | ||
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FR2A01 | Status of the PAL-XFEL | undulator, FEL, cavity, gun | 1042 |
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The construction of the PAL-XFEL was completed at the end of 2015 and the FEL commissioning started from the beginning of 2016. The commissioning aims for the lasing of 0.5 nm FEL in the first campaign by July 2016, and for the lasing of 0.1 nm hard X-ray FEL in the second campaign by December 2016. The commissioning results of the 0.5 nm FEL lasing will be presented. | |||
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Slides FR2A01 [92.474 MB] | ||
DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR2A01 | ||
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