LINAC2016 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPRC004	Beam Orbit Analysis and Correction of the FRIB Superconducting Linac	linac, quadrupole, simulation, operation	71
	Y. Zhang, Z.Q. He FRIB, East Lansing, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Beam based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for precise beam orbit correction of a high power linac, and supplement to the model based or orbit response matrix (ORM) based correction methods. BBA will be applied to beam orbit analysis and correction of the FRIB linac arcs where a beam orbit offset within 0.1 mm is required to the second order achromatic beam tuning. In this paper, we first introduce the study of model based beam orbit correction of the arc, and then a more precise orbit correction with BBA. Realistic misalignment of beam elements and beam position monitors (BPMs) are included in the simulation studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC004
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MOP106015	Commissioning Status of the Chopper System for the MAX IV Injector	electron, linac, radiation, storage-ring	316
	D. Olsson, J. Andersson, F. Curbis, L. Isaksson, L. Malmgren, E. Mansten, S. Thorin MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The two rings are designed for 1.5 GeV and 3 GeV, respectively, where the former is under construction, and the latter is undergoing beam commissioning. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections delivered by a full-energy injector that consists of 39 traveling-wave S-band LINAC structures. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings during injection, only electrons that are within an allowed time structure are accelerated. This time structure depends on several parameters such as the available RF voltage and the radiation losses in the ring that is about to be injected, but also on the momentum acceptance of the transport lines in the injector. The electrons that are outside the allowed time structure are dumped when they have energies below 3 MeV by a chopper system that is located between a thermionic RF gun and the first LINAC structure. Basically, the chopper system consists of two planar striplines and a variable aperture, and the first stripline is fed with a superposed RF signal and the second one with HV pulses. The performance of the chopper system during commissioning of the 3 GeV ring is presented in this article.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106015
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TUPRC005	Source and LEBT Beam Preparation for IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ	rfq, emittance, solenoid, simulation	420
	L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P.-Y. Beauvais, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France L. Bellan Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy P. Cara Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany H. Dzitko F4E, Germany R. Gobin, F. Senée CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France R. Ichimiya, A. Kasugai, M. Sugimoto JAEA, Aomori, Japan A. Marqueta, F. Scantamburlo IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
	The commissioning phase of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ requires a complete beam characterization with simula-tions and measurements of the beam input from the IFMIF-EVEDA ion source and LEBT, in order to reach the RFQ input beam parameters. In this article, the simula-tions results of the complex source-LEBT with the corre-sponding set of measurements and their impact on the commissioning plan will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC005
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TUPLR066	High Current Beam Injector for Cancer Therapy	ion, linac, cavity, acceleration	604
	L. Lu, Y. He, C.X. Li, W. Ma, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, X.B. Xu, L. Yang, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China T.L. He USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	A hybrid single cavity (HSC) linac, which is formed by combining a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube (DT) structure into one interdigital-H (IH) cavity, is fabricated and assembled as a proof of principle injector for cancer therapy synchrotron, based on the culmination of several years of research. The HSC linac adopts a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS), which can inject a high intensity heavy ion beam produced by a laser ion source (LIS). The input beam current of the HSC is designed to be 20 mA C⁶⁺ ions. According to numerical simulations, the HSC linac can accelerate a 6-mA C⁶⁺ beam, which meets the requirement of the needed particle number for cancer therapy (108~9 ions/pulse). The HSC injector with the DPIS method makes the existing multi-turn injection system and stripping system unnecessary, and can also bring down the size of the beam pipe in existing synchrotron magnets, which could reduce the whole cost of synchrotron. The radio frequency (RF) measurements show excellent RF properties for the resonator, with a measured Q equal to 91% of the simulated value. A C⁶⁺ ion beam extracted from the LIS was used for the HSC commissioning. In beam testing, we found the measured beam parameters agreed with simulations. More details of the measurements and the results of the high power test are reported in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR066
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TUPLR068	Progress and Design Studies for the ATLAS Multi-User Upgrade	booster, kicker, ECR, linac	610
	B. Mustapha, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA A. Perry Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The motivations and the concept for the multi-user upgrade of the ATLAS facility at Argonne were presented at recent conferences. With the near completion of the integration of the CARIBU-EBIS for more pure and efficient charge breeding of radioactive beams, more effort is being devoted to study the design options for a potential ATLAS mutli-user upgrade. The proposed upgrade will take advantage of the pulsed nature of the EBIS beams and the cw nature of ATLAS, in order to simultaneously accelerate beams with very close charge-to-mass ratios. In addition to enhancing the nuclear physics program, beam extraction at different points along the linac will open up the opportunity for other possible applications. Different beam injection and extraction schemes are being studied and will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR068
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TH2A01	The Linac Laser Notcher for the Fermilab Booster	laser, linac, booster, cavity	710
	D.E. Johnson, K.L. Duel, M.H. Gardner, T.R. Johnson, D. Slimmer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. Patil PriTel, Inc., Naperville, USA J. Tafoya Optical Engines, Inc., Colorado Springs, USA
	In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. With increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans.
	Slides TH2A01 [15.170 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A01
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THOP02	Investigation of Nitrogen Absorption Rate and Nitride Growth on SRF Cavity Grade RRR Niobium as a Function of Furnace Temperature	niobium, SRF, cavity, ion	744
	A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.J. Kelley The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA J. Tuggle Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
	Funding: Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The current state of the art processing of niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities with nitrogen diffusion is performed at 800C in a furnace with a partial pressure of approximately ~20 mtorr of nitrogen. Multiple studies have shown the bulk of the nitrogen absorbed by the niobium forms a thick (1-3 microns) non-superconducting nitride layer which must be removed to produce optimal RF results. The depth profiling of interstitial nitrogen and surface nitrides has already been probed using SIMS measurements. These measurements have also been modeled by extrapolating data from nitride growth studies performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures above 1000 C (). One open question is whether there is a diffusion zone at lower temperature in which the niobium will absorb nitrogen but not create a non-superconducting nitride layer; or is the absorption of nitrogen only possible by first forming a nitride buffer layer which then frees up nitrogen for absorption. A systematic study of absorption rate vs. temperature and correlated SIMS measurements needs to be performed to answer this question. We report on the absorption rate vs. temperature from 400 C to 900 C of cavity grade niobium with metallurgically flat witness samples. The witness samples surface depth profile of NbN via SIMS's will be presented and correlated to the absorption. * Gonnella et al., Proceedings of SRF2015 Pre-release MOPB042 (2015) ** Tuggle et al., Investigation of Low-Level Nitrogen in Niobium by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, these proceedings (2016)
	Poster THOP02 [2.235 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP02
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THOP05	Status and Operation of the ALBA Linac	linac, klystron, operation, storage-ring	754
	R. Muñoz Horta, D. Lanaia, F. Pérez ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	The pre-injector of the ALBA Light Source is a Linac that delivers electrons up to a maximum energy of 125 MeV. It consist in a pre-bunching, a bunching and two accelerating sections feed by two 35 MW klystrons. Since July 2014, ALBA is operating in top-up mode, and the Linac is delivering 110 MeV electrons in multibunch mode every 20 minutes. Recently, new injection modes have been implemented and successfully tested. For one side, injection to the ALBA Booster is now also available with only one of the two klystrons in operation, and the Linac delivering a 67 MeV beam. On the other hand, the Linac single bunch mode has been integrated to the top-up operation application. By means of an algorithm, single bunch mode operation provides any kind of filling pattern in the ALBA storage ring, with single bunch shots injected to those buckets with lowest current. The performance of the Linac beam operated in these different modes is reported.
	Slides THOP05 [0.604 MB]
	Poster THOP05 [4.967 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP05
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THPLR047	The Beam Energy Feedback System in Beijing Electron Positron Collider II Linear Accelerator	feedback, electron, positron, controls	962
	S.Z. Wang, Y.L. Chi, X. Huang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The beam energy feedback system in Beijing electron positron collider II (BEPCII) linear accelerator consists of three parts. They are the beam energy measurement In-put/Output Controller (BEM IOC), the Graphical User Interface (GUI) based on Qt platform and the phasing system. This article describes the implementation of this system and the online testing which has been passed on March 16th, 2016. By using this feedback system, the injection rate and the energy fluctuation of the injection beam has been improved a lot. Now this system is steady running in the control room of BEPCII linear accelerator.
	Poster THPLR047 [0.569 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR047
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPRC004

Beam Orbit Analysis and Correction of the FRIB Superconducting Linac

linac, quadrupole, simulation, operation

71

Y. Zhang, Z.Q. He
FRIB, East Lansing, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Beam based alignment (BBA) techniques are important tools for precise beam orbit correction of a high power linac, and supplement to the model based or orbit response matrix (ORM) based correction methods. BBA will be applied to beam orbit analysis and correction of the FRIB linac arcs where a beam orbit offset within 0.1 mm is required to the second order achromatic beam tuning. In this paper, we first introduce the study of model based beam orbit correction of the arc, and then a more precise orbit correction with BBA. Realistic misalignment of beam elements and beam position monitors (BPMs) are included in the simulation studies.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC004

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP106015

Commissioning Status of the Chopper System for the MAX IV Injector

electron, linac, radiation, storage-ring

316

D. Olsson, J. Andersson, F. Curbis, L. Isaksson, L. Malmgren, E. Mansten, S. Thorin
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The two rings are designed for 1.5 GeV and 3 GeV, respectively, where the former is under construction, and the latter is undergoing beam commissioning. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections delivered by a full-energy injector that consists of 39 traveling-wave S-band LINAC structures. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings during injection, only electrons that are within an allowed time structure are accelerated. This time structure depends on several parameters such as the available RF voltage and the radiation losses in the ring that is about to be injected, but also on the momentum acceptance of the transport lines in the injector. The electrons that are outside the allowed time structure are dumped when they have energies below 3 MeV by a chopper system that is located between a thermionic RF gun and the first LINAC structure. Basically, the chopper system consists of two planar striplines and a variable aperture, and the first stripline is fed with a superposed RF signal and the second one with HV pulses. The performance of the chopper system during commissioning of the 3 GeV ring is presented in this article.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106015

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TUPRC005

Source and LEBT Beam Preparation for IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ

rfq, emittance, solenoid, simulation

420

L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P.-Y. Beauvais, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
L. Bellan
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
P. Cara
Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
H. Dzitko
F4E, Germany
R. Gobin, F. Senée
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
R. Ichimiya, A. Kasugai, M. Sugimoto
JAEA, Aomori, Japan
A. Marqueta, F. Scantamburlo
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan

The commissioning phase of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ requires a complete beam characterization with simula-tions and measurements of the beam input from the IFMIF-EVEDA ion source and LEBT, in order to reach the RFQ input beam parameters. In this article, the simula-tions results of the complex source-LEBT with the corre-sponding set of measurements and their impact on the commissioning plan will be reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC005

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPLR066

High Current Beam Injector for Cancer Therapy

ion, linac, cavity, acceleration

604

L. Lu, Y. He, C.X. Li, W. Ma, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, X.B. Xu, L. Yang, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
T.L. He
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

A hybrid single cavity (HSC) linac, which is formed by combining a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube (DT) structure into one interdigital-H (IH) cavity, is fabricated and assembled as a proof of principle injector for cancer therapy synchrotron, based on the culmination of several years of research. The HSC linac adopts a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS), which can inject a high intensity heavy ion beam produced by a laser ion source (LIS). The input beam current of the HSC is designed to be 20 mA C⁶⁺ ions. According to numerical simulations, the HSC linac can accelerate a 6-mA C⁶⁺ beam, which meets the requirement of the needed particle number for cancer therapy (108~9 ions/pulse). The HSC injector with the DPIS method makes the existing multi-turn injection system and stripping system unnecessary, and can also bring down the size of the beam pipe in existing synchrotron magnets, which could reduce the whole cost of synchrotron. The radio frequency (RF) measurements show excellent RF properties for the resonator, with a measured Q equal to 91% of the simulated value. A C⁶⁺ ion beam extracted from the LIS was used for the HSC commissioning. In beam testing, we found the measured beam parameters agreed with simulations. More details of the measurements and the results of the high power test are reported in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR066

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPLR068

Progress and Design Studies for the ATLAS Multi-User Upgrade

booster, kicker, ECR, linac

610

B. Mustapha, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA
A. Perry
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
The motivations and the concept for the multi-user upgrade of the ATLAS facility at Argonne were presented at recent conferences. With the near completion of the integration of the CARIBU-EBIS for more pure and efficient charge breeding of radioactive beams, more effort is being devoted to study the design options for a potential ATLAS mutli-user upgrade. The proposed upgrade will take advantage of the pulsed nature of the EBIS beams and the cw nature of ATLAS, in order to simultaneously accelerate beams with very close charge-to-mass ratios. In addition to enhancing the nuclear physics program, beam extraction at different points along the linac will open up the opportunity for other possible applications. Different beam injection and extraction schemes are being studied and will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR068

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH2A01

The Linac Laser Notcher for the Fermilab Booster

laser, linac, booster, cavity

710

D.E. Johnson, K.L. Duel, M.H. Gardner, T.R. Johnson, D. Slimmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. Patil
PriTel, Inc., Naperville, USA
J. Tafoya
Optical Engines, Inc., Colorado Springs, USA

In synchrotron machines, the beam extraction is accomplished by a combination of septa and kicker magnets which deflect the beam from an accelerator into another. Ideally the kicker field must rise/fall in between the beam bunches. However, in reality, an intentional beam-free time region (aka "notch") is created on the beam pulse to assure that the beam can be extracted with minimal losses. In the case of the Fermilab Booster, the notch is created in the ring near injection energy by the use of fast kickers which deposit the beam in a shielded collimation region within the accelerator tunnel. With increasing beam power it is desirable to create this notch at the lowest possible energy to minimize activation. The Fermilab Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) initiated an R&D project to build a laser system to create the notch within a linac beam pulse at 750 keV. This talk will describe the concept for the laser notcher and discuss our current status, commissioning results, and future plans.

Slides TH2A01 [15.170 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A01

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOP02

Investigation of Nitrogen Absorption Rate and Nitride Growth on SRF Cavity Grade RRR Niobium as a Function of Furnace Temperature

niobium, SRF, cavity, ion

744

A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.J. Kelley
The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
J. Tuggle
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA

Funding: Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The current state of the art processing of niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities with nitrogen diffusion is performed at 800C in a furnace with a partial pressure of approximately ~20 mtorr of nitrogen. Multiple studies have shown the bulk of the nitrogen absorbed by the niobium forms a thick (1-3 microns) non-superconducting nitride layer which must be removed to produce optimal RF results. The depth profiling of interstitial nitrogen and surface nitrides has already been probed using SIMS measurements. These measurements have also been modeled by extrapolating data from nitride growth studies performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures above 1000 C (**). One open question is whether there is a diffusion zone at lower temperature in which the niobium will absorb nitrogen but not create a non-superconducting nitride layer; or is the absorption of nitrogen only possible by first forming a nitride buffer layer which then frees up nitrogen for absorption. A systematic study of absorption rate vs. temperature and correlated SIMS measurements needs to be performed to answer this question. We report on the absorption rate vs. temperature from 400 C to 900 C of cavity grade niobium with metallurgically flat witness samples. The witness samples surface depth profile of NbN via SIMS's will be presented and correlated to the absorption.**
* Gonnella et al., Proceedings of SRF2015 Pre-release MOPB042 (2015)
** Tuggle et al., Investigation of Low-Level Nitrogen in Niobium by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, these proceedings (2016)

Poster THOP02 [2.235 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP02

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THOP05

Status and Operation of the ALBA Linac

linac, klystron, operation, storage-ring

754

R. Muñoz Horta, D. Lanaia, F. Pérez
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

The pre-injector of the ALBA Light Source is a Linac that delivers electrons up to a maximum energy of 125 MeV. It consist in a pre-bunching, a bunching and two accelerating sections feed by two 35 MW klystrons. Since July 2014, ALBA is operating in top-up mode, and the Linac is delivering 110 MeV electrons in multibunch mode every 20 minutes. Recently, new injection modes have been implemented and successfully tested. For one side, injection to the ALBA Booster is now also available with only one of the two klystrons in operation, and the Linac delivering a 67 MeV beam. On the other hand, the Linac single bunch mode has been integrated to the top-up operation application. By means of an algorithm, single bunch mode operation provides any kind of filling pattern in the ALBA storage ring, with single bunch shots injected to those buckets with lowest current. The performance of the Linac beam operated in these different modes is reported.

Slides THOP05 [0.604 MB]

Poster THOP05 [4.967 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP05

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPLR047

The Beam Energy Feedback System in Beijing Electron Positron Collider II Linear Accelerator

feedback, electron, positron, controls

962

S.Z. Wang, Y.L. Chi, X. Huang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The beam energy feedback system in Beijing electron positron collider II (BEPCII) linear accelerator consists of three parts. They are the beam energy measurement In-put/Output Controller (BEM IOC), the Graphical User Interface (GUI) based on Qt platform and the phasing system. This article describes the implementation of this system and the online testing which has been passed on March 16th, 2016. By using this feedback system, the injection rate and the energy fluctuation of the injection beam has been improved a lot. Now this system is steady running in the control room of BEPCII linear accelerator.

Poster THPLR047 [0.569 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR047

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)