LINAC2016 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPRC007	Status of and Plans for the Beam Dynamics Program DYNAC	rfq, space-charge, target, beam-transport	80
	E. Tanke, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden S. Valero CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	A short introduction to the linac beam dynamics code DYNAC will be given. Recently implemented features, such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI), will be presented and benchmarking of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) model will be discussed. Additional planned features to DYNAC and the GUI will be touched upon.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC007
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MOPRC018	Improved Beam Dynamics and Cavity RF Design for the FAIR Proton Injector	cavity, linac, DTL, quadrupole	111
	R. Tiede, A. Almomani, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The FAIR facility at GSI requires a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for the research program with intense antiproton beams. The main accelerator part consists of six 'Crossbar H-type' (CH) cavities operated at 325 MHz. Based on a linac layout carefully developed over several years, recently the beam dynamics has been revised with the scope of finalising the design and thus being able to start the construction of the main linac components. As compared to previous designs the MEBT behind the RFQ was slightly extended, the gap numbers per CH cavity and the voltage distributions were optimised and the layout of the intermediate diagnostics section including a rebuncher cavity at 33 MeV was redesigned. Finally, detailed machine error studies were performed in order to check the error response of the new design and the steering concept in particular. In the consequence, the final parameters obtained from the beam dynamics update are used for finalizing the CH-DTL cavity design by CST-MWS calculations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC018
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MOPLR012	Compact Beam Position Monitor for Electron and Proton Machines	electron, linac, software, synchrotron	161
	M. Žnidarčič, M. Cargnelutti I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
	Monitoring and subsequent optimization of the linacs, transfer lines, energy recovery linacs and synchrotrons, requires specific instrumentation optimized for beam position and charge measurements. Libera Spark is the newly developed instrument intended for position and charge monitoring in electron and proton machines. The motivation, processing principles and first results at laboratories are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR012
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MOPLR048	Fabrication and Testing of a Novel S-Band Backward Travelling Wave Accelerating Structure for Proton Therapy Linacs	linac, vacuum, coupling, accelerating-gradient	237
	S. Benedetti, T. Argyropoulos, C. Blanch Gutiérrez, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Degiovanni, D. Esperante Pereira, M. Garlaschè, J. Giner Navarro, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, A. Solodko, M.A. Timmins, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Esperante Pereira IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Compact and more affordable, facilities for proton therapy are now entering the market of commercial medical accelerators. At CERN, a joint collaboration between CLIC and TERA Foundation led to the design, fabrication and testing of a high gradient accelerating structure prototype, capable of halving the length of state-of-art light ion therapy linacs. This paper focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a first prototype. CLIC standardized bead-pull measurement setup was used, leading to a quick and successful tuning of the prototype. The high power tests will soon start in order to prove that the structure can withstand a very high accelerating gradient while suffering no more than 10^-6 breakdown per pulse per meter (bpp/m), resulting in less than one breakdown per treatment session.
	Poster MOPLR048 [2.804 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR048
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MOPLR049	Design of a 750 MHz IH Structure for Medical Applications	rfq, DTL, dipole, linac	240
	S. Benedetti, A. Grudiev, A. Latina CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Low velocity particles are critical in every hadron accelerator chain. While RFQs nicely cover the first MeV/u range, providing both acceleration and bunching, energies higher than few MeV/u require different structures, depending on the specific application. In the framework of the TULIP project [1], a 750 MHz IH structure was designed, in order to cover the 5-10 MeV/u range. The relatively high operating frequency and small bore aperture radius led the choice towards TE mode structures over more classic DTLs. Hereafter, the RF regular cell and end cell optimization is presented. An innovative solution to compensate dipole kicks is discussed, together with the beam dynamics and the matching with the 5 MeV 750 MHz CERN RFQ [2]. This structure was specifically designed for medical applications with a duty cycle of about 1 ', but can easily adapted to duty cycles up to 5 %, typical of PET isotopes production in hospitals.
	Poster MOPLR049 [3.212 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR049
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MOPLR057	Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source	solenoid, rfq, plasma, diagnostics	261
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M.J. Ferreira, O. Midttun ESS, Lund, Sweden O. Midttun University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
	At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started some weeks ago. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Commissioning plan and preliminary characterization are also presented, with the aim to satisfy the requirement above.
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MOPLR059	Commissioning Plans for the ESS DTL	DTL, linac, emittance, diagnostics	264
	M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (a beam pulse of 2.86 ms, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This article describes the commissioning strategy plans for the DTL part of the linac, techniques for finding the RF set-point of the 5 tanks and steering approach. Typical beam parameters, as proposed for commissioning purposes, are discussed as well and how the commissioning sequence of the tanks fits together with ongoing installation works in the tunnel.
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MOPLR060	CIADS Normal Temperature Front-End Design	rfq, emittance, ion, ion-source	267
	W.L. Chen, W.P. Dou, Y. He, H. Jia, S.H. Liu, Y.S. Qin, Z.J. Wang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The design and construction with several tens of megawatts superconducting accelerator is the developing direction in the further. The superconducting section follows the RFQ and MEBT, which needs good enough beam quality. The normal temperature front ends are redesigned for China Initiative ADS. The LEBT transports a 35KeV, 10mA DC proton beam to the RFQ, after the RFQ acceleration the MEBT transports a 2.1MeV 10mA CW proton beam to the superconducting DTL. The "Point Source" is proposed in the beam scrape application during the LEBT section to get the ideal transverse beam parameters. To get the ideal longitudinal beam parameters, the new RFQ is designed with little emittance. Collimators are installed in the new MEBT to scrape the outer sphere beams which may turn to halo. Details of the beam dynamics simulations will be given.
	Poster MOPLR060 [1.109 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR060
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MOPLR061	Commissioning of the RI Production Beam Line of KOMAC	target, beam-transport, isotope-production, linac	271
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A radioisotope (RI) production beam line has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) in 2015 and the commissioning started in 2016. The beam parameters of the beam line are 100-MeV beam energy with a maximum 30 kW beam power, which is driven by KOMAC 100-MeV proton linac. The main components of the beam line are a beam transport system, a target transport system, a cooling system for target and hot cell. KOMAC has a plan to commission the beam line and get an operational license in 2016 and start user service in 2017. In this paper, the development and initial commissioning results of the RI production beam line are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR061
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MOPLR062	European Spallation Source (ESS) Normal Conducting Front End Status Report	rfq, plasma, cavity, status	274
	W. Wittmer, P.O. Gustavsson, F. Hellström, G. Hulla ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, G. Harper, S. Varnasseri, C. de la Cruz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A.C. Chauveau, D. Chirpaz-Cerbat CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Mereu INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy O. Midttun University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway O. Piquet, B. Pottin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver first protons on target by mid 2019. Civil construction of the accelerator tunnel has made good progress and will allow starting installation of the normal conducting frond end (NCFE) by end of 2017. To achieve these milestones the design of all major beam line components have been completed and the construction of the subsystems begun. We report on the advancement of the subsystems and the commissioning progress of the microwave discharge Proton Source (PS-ESS).
	Poster MOPLR062 [1.396 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR062
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MOPLR065	High-Gradient X-band Structures for Proton Energy Booster at LANSCE	linac, booster, cavity, klystron	280
	S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA V.A. Dolgashev SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. Using superconducting RF cavities with gradients ~15 MV/m after the existing linac would result in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a much shorter cost-effective booster based on normal conducting high-gradient (~100 MV/m) RF accelerating structures. Such X-band high-gradient structures have been developed for electron acceleration and operate with typical RF pulse lengths below 1 us. They have never been used for protons because typical wavelengths and apertures are smaller than the proton bunch sizes. However, these limitations do not restrict proton radiography (pRad) applications. A train of very short proton bunches with the same total length and charge as the original long proton bunch will create the same single radiography frame, plus pRad limits contiguous trains of beam micro-pulses to below 60 ns to prevent blur in images. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we explore feasibility of two-stage design: a short S-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam followed by the main high-gradient X-band linac.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR065
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MOPLR066	ProBE: Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy	cavity, septum, linac, accelerating-gradient	283
	S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A.F. Green, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom A. Grudiev, A. Solodko, W. Wuensch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This work was funded by STFC and IPS Proton beam therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative to traditional radiotherapy, especially for paedi- atric malignancies and radio-resistant tumours. Allowing a highly precise tumour irradiation, it is currently limited by range verification. Several imaging modalities can be utilised for treatment planning, but typically X-ray CT is used. CT scans require conversion from Hounsfield units to estimate the proton stopping power (PSP) of the tissue be- ing treated, and this produces inaccuracy. Proton CT (pCT) measures PSP and is thought to allow an improvement of the treatment accuracy. The Christie Hospital will use a 250 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, in this paper a pulsed linac upgrade is proposed, to provide 350 MeV protons for pCT within the facility. Space contraints require a compact, high gradient (HG) solution that is reliable and affordable.
	Poster MOPLR066 [0.610 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR066
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TU1A01	Review on Trends in Normal Conducting Linacs for Protons, Ions and Electrons, With Emphasis on New Technologies and Applications	linac, DTL, rfq, electron	336
	F. Gerigk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In recent years a lot of attention was given to developments in the field of superconducting cavities. While these cavities can save operating costs and shorten the length of linacs, there are many applications and circumstances where normal conducting cavities are superior. This talk reviews some of the normal conducting linacs, which have been either recently commissioned, or which are currently under construction or in the design phase. Focus will be given to the choice between normal and superconducting cavities and to emerging normal conducting technologies and their applications.
	Slides TU1A01 [16.553 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A01
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TUPLR038	The DTL Post Coupler - An Ingenious Invention Turns 50	DTL, linac, cavity, drift-tube-linac	547
	S. Ramberger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M.R. Khalvati IPM, Tehran, Iran
	In September 1967, the patent for "A method and device for stabilization of the field distribution in drift tube linac" has been filed by Edward A. Knapp, Donald A. Swenson, and James M. Potter of Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is this invention which to a good part led to the success of highly efficient Alvarez drift tube linacs (DTLs) in that it considerably reduces field errors. The explanation for why the post coupler when tuned correctly has such a strong stabilizing effect has been given at the time in an accompanying paper by describing the modal confluence of the accelerating mode band with the post-coupler mode band, turning a comparatively sensitive 0-mode structure into a stable pi/2-mode like structure. As ingenious as the invention of the post-coupler appears, as poor has been the way of finding its optimum length by relying mainly on trial and error. With the design of the Linac4 DTL at CERN, a new technique has been derived by a DTL equivalent circuit model. Understanding stabilization on an almost cell by cell level provides a new way of optimizing post-couplers of an entire structure with few measurements and even without the extraction of the circuit model itself. Previous approaches to post-coupler stabilization are reviewed and the new, straightforward and accurate technique is described and demonstrated in the stabilization of the Linac4 DTL structures.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR038
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TUPLR053	Development and Measurements of a 325 MHz RFQ	rfq, linac, operation, antiproton	578
	M. Schütt, M.A. Obermayer, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany A. Schnase GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In order to have an inexpensive alternative to 4-Vane RFQs above 200 MHz, we study the possibilities of a Ladder-RFQ. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR. This particular high frequency for an RFQ creates difficulties, which are challenging in developing a cavity, especially for 4-ROD RFQs, which dimensions become critically small with increasing the frequency. In order to define a satisfying geometrical configuration for this resonator, both from the RF and the mechanical point of view, different designs have been examined and compared. Very promising results were reached with a ladder type RFQ, which has been investigated since 2013. Due to its geometry, the manufacturing in terms of complexity, time and costs is more beneficial compared to welded accelerators. Furthermore, maintenance is easy to handle. The manufacturing, coppering and assembling of a 0.8 m prototype RFQ is finished. We present recent measurements of the RF-field including power measurements, frequency-tuning, field flatness as well as power measurements.
	Poster TUPLR053 [47.463 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR053
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WE1A03	The Superconducting Radio-Frequency Linear Accelerator Components for the European Spallation Source: First Test Results	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, linac	651
	C. Darve, N. Elias, F. Schlander ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Arcambal, P. Bosland, E. Cenni, G. Devanz CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France S. Bousson, P. Duthil, G. Olivier, G. Olry, D. Reynet IPN, Orsay, France G. Costanza Lund University, Lund, Sweden H. Li, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, R. Santiago Kern Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden F. Peauger CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The European Spallation Source requires a pulsed Linac with an average beam power on the target of 5MW which is about five times higher than the most powerful spallation source in operation today. Over 97% of the acceleration occurs in superconducting cavities. ESS will be the first accelerator to employ double spoke cavities to accelerate beam. Accelerating gradients of 9MV/meter is required in the spoke section. The spoke section will be followed by 36 elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.67 and elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.86. Accelerating gradients of 20MV/m is required in the elliptical section. Initial gradient test results will be presented in which results exceed expected requirements.
	Slides WE1A03 [6.533 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A03
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WE1A06	Status of SPIRAL2 and RFQ Beam Commissioning	rfq, linac, ion, ion-source	668
	R. Ferdinand, P. Bertrand, M. Di Giacomo, H. Franberg, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle, F. Varenne GANIL, Caen, France J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France D. Uriot CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The SPIRAL2 project beam commissioning is started and the superconducting linac installation is being finalized. In parallel with the installations, the first proton beam was extracted in 2014 and the expected beam performances were achieved from both light and heavy ion sources. The conditioning of the RFQ started in October 2015, and the beam commissioning soon after that. After having briefly recalled the project scope and parameters, the present situation of the RFQ beam commissioning is presented.
	Slides WE1A06 [19.488 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A06
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TH1A04	SARAF 4-Rods RFQ RF Power Line Splitting Design and Test	rfq, operation, coupling, vacuum	693
	J. Rodnizki, D. Hirschmann, Z. Horvitz, B. Kaizer, A. Perry, L. Weissman Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	In the last years the SARAF 176 MHz 3.8 m long 4-rod RFQ accelerates routinely 2-4 mA CW proton beams to 1.5 MeV for basic studies in physics. However, it has not been successful in running CW deuteron beam for long periods. The findings imply that the RF coupler is the bottle neck to reach 250 kW CW dissipated power, equivalent to 65 kV inter-rod voltage, required to run the CW deuteron beam. A new design that splits the RFQ power between two couplers was built and commissioned successfully. A 3dB splitter and two new RF couplers were installed. The RF couplers improved design allows better brazing methods, vacuum properties and RF sealing. This design is innovative from two points of view: (a) implementation of two synchronized couplers located in two separated RF cells in a 4-rod RFQ. (b) The ability to run the RFQ in 200-250 kW to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron beam by 2.6 MV required for the new modulation design for 1.3 MeV/u. To our knowledge, SARAF RFQ will be the first 4-rod RFQ capable of running a CW deuteron beam at these power densities. This work may contribute to other 4-rod RFQ projects which intend to run CW beams in high dissipation power, like FRANZ and MYRRHA.
	Slides TH1A04 [6.109 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A04
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TH1A06	High-Frequency Compact RFQs for Medical and Industrial Applications	rfq, linac, ion, dipole	704
	M. Vretenar, V.A. Dimov, M. Garlaschè, A. Grudiev, B. Koubek, A.M. Lombardi, S.J. Mathot, D. Mazur, E. Montesinos, M.A. Timmins CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations.
	Slides TH1A06 [9.369 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A06
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TH3A02	The Los Alamos Multi-Probe Facility for Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes	electron, linac, photon, laser	729
	R.W. Garnett LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. A next-generation signature facility based on multi-probe capabilities is being planned at Los Alamos. This new facility will enable the first in a new generation of game-changing scientific facilities for the materials community. The new Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) facility will be used to discover and design the advanced materials needed to meet 21st-century national security and energy-security challenges to develop next-generation materials that will perform predictably in extreme environments. The MaRIE facility will include a new 12-GeV electron linac using a state-of-the-art electron photoinjector and superconducting accelerator technology to drive a 42-keV XFEL to generate x rays of unprecedented flux and quality, coupled with the existing proton-beam capabilities of the LANSCE proton linac, new experimental halls, and new materials fabrication/characterization facilities. A description of this new facility, its requirements, and planned uses and capabilities will be presented. Status of the project will also be presented.
	Slides TH3A02 [5.060 MB]
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THPLR028	Simulation of Mechanical Oscillations in PIP-II Cryomodule Using ACE3P	cavity, simulation, SRF, linac	910
	L. Xiao, O. Kononenko, C.-K. Ng SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The linac in the PIP-II project at Fermilab consists of different sections of superconducting rf (SRF) cavities that can accelerate the proton beams to 800 MeV. At the end of the linac is a section containing a number of HB (β = 0.92) cryomodules operating at 650 MHz, with each cryomodule consisting of six SRF cavities. Previous calculations have been carried out to determine the mechanical modes of a single cavity in the 650 MHz cryomodule. In this paper, the parallel code suite ACE3P is used to evaluate the mechanical modes for a string of SRF cavities in the 650 MHz cryomodule. The effects of multi cavities on the mechanical mode frequencies and any possible coupling between cavities will be investigated.
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THPLR065	Beam Commissioning Status and Results of the FNAL PIP2IT Linear Accelerator RFQ	rfq, experiment, controls, operation	1002
	J. Steimel, C.M. Baffes, P. Berrutti, J.-P. Carneiro, J.P. Edelen, T.N. Khabiboulline, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A.L. Edelen CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, D. Li, T.H. Luo, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA V.L. Sista BARC, Mumbai, India
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. An H⁻ beam was accelerated through a continuous wave (CW) capable, 4-vane, radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) at Fermilab that was designed and constructed at Berkeley Lab. This RFQ is designed to accelerate up to 10 mA H⁻ beam from 30 keV to 2.1 MeV in a test accelerator (PIP2IT). This paper presents results of specification verification and commissioning.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPRC007

Status of and Plans for the Beam Dynamics Program DYNAC

rfq, space-charge, target, beam-transport

80

E. Tanke, M. Eshraqi, Y.I. Levinsen, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S. Valero
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

A short introduction to the linac beam dynamics code DYNAC will be given. Recently implemented features, such as a Graphical User Interface (GUI), will be presented and benchmarking of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) model will be discussed. Additional planned features to DYNAC and the GUI will be touched upon.

DOI •

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MOPRC018

Improved Beam Dynamics and Cavity RF Design for the FAIR Proton Injector

cavity, linac, DTL, quadrupole

111

R. Tiede, A. Almomani, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The FAIR facility at GSI requires a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector for the research program with intense antiproton beams. The main accelerator part consists of six 'Crossbar H-type' (CH) cavities operated at 325 MHz. Based on a linac layout carefully developed over several years, recently the beam dynamics has been revised with the scope of finalising the design and thus being able to start the construction of the main linac components. As compared to previous designs the MEBT behind the RFQ was slightly extended, the gap numbers per CH cavity and the voltage distributions were optimised and the layout of the intermediate diagnostics section including a rebuncher cavity at 33 MeV was redesigned. Finally, detailed machine error studies were performed in order to check the error response of the new design and the steering concept in particular. In the consequence, the final parameters obtained from the beam dynamics update are used for finalizing the CH-DTL cavity design by CST-MWS calculations.

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MOPLR012

Compact Beam Position Monitor for Electron and Proton Machines

electron, linac, software, synchrotron

161

M. Žnidarčič, M. Cargnelutti
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia

Monitoring and subsequent optimization of the linacs, transfer lines, energy recovery linacs and synchrotrons, requires specific instrumentation optimized for beam position and charge measurements. Libera Spark is the newly developed instrument intended for position and charge monitoring in electron and proton machines. The motivation, processing principles and first results at laboratories are presented.

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MOPLR048

Fabrication and Testing of a Novel S-Band Backward Travelling Wave Accelerating Structure for Proton Therapy Linacs

linac, vacuum, coupling, accelerating-gradient

237

S. Benedetti, T. Argyropoulos, C. Blanch Gutiérrez, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Degiovanni, D. Esperante Pereira, M. Garlaschè, J. Giner Navarro, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, A. Solodko, M.A. Timmins, R. Wegner, B.J. Woolley, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Esperante Pereira
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Compact and more affordable, facilities for proton therapy are now entering the market of commercial medical accelerators. At CERN, a joint collaboration between CLIC and TERA Foundation led to the design, fabrication and testing of a high gradient accelerating structure prototype, capable of halving the length of state-of-art light ion therapy linacs. This paper focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a first prototype. CLIC standardized bead-pull measurement setup was used, leading to a quick and successful tuning of the prototype. The high power tests will soon start in order to prove that the structure can withstand a very high accelerating gradient while suffering no more than 10^-6 breakdown per pulse per meter (bpp/m), resulting in less than one breakdown per treatment session.

Poster MOPLR048 [2.804 MB]

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MOPLR049

Design of a 750 MHz IH Structure for Medical Applications

rfq, DTL, dipole, linac

240

S. Benedetti, A. Grudiev, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Low velocity particles are critical in every hadron accelerator chain. While RFQs nicely cover the first MeV/u range, providing both acceleration and bunching, energies higher than few MeV/u require different structures, depending on the specific application. In the framework of the TULIP project [1], a 750 MHz IH structure was designed, in order to cover the 5-10 MeV/u range. The relatively high operating frequency and small bore aperture radius led the choice towards TE mode structures over more classic DTLs. Hereafter, the RF regular cell and end cell optimization is presented. An innovative solution to compensate dipole kicks is discussed, together with the beam dynamics and the matching with the 5 MeV 750 MHz CERN RFQ [2]. This structure was specifically designed for medical applications with a duty cycle of about 1 ', but can easily adapted to duty cycles up to 5 %, typical of PET isotopes production in hospitals.

Poster MOPLR049 [3.212 MB]

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MOPLR057

Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source

solenoid, rfq, plasma, diagnostics

261

L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M.J. Ferreira, O. Midttun
ESS, Lund, Sweden
O. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started some weeks ago. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Commissioning plan and preliminary characterization are also presented, with the aim to satisfy the requirement above.

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MOPLR059

Commissioning Plans for the ESS DTL

DTL, linac, emittance, diagnostics

264

M. Comunian, L. Bellan, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2 MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (a beam pulse of 2.86 ms, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5 mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This article describes the commissioning strategy plans for the DTL part of the linac, techniques for finding the RF set-point of the 5 tanks and steering approach. Typical beam parameters, as proposed for commissioning purposes, are discussed as well and how the commissioning sequence of the tanks fits together with ongoing installation works in the tunnel.

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MOPLR060

CIADS Normal Temperature Front-End Design

rfq, emittance, ion, ion-source

267

W.L. Chen, W.P. Dou, Y. He, H. Jia, S.H. Liu, Y.S. Qin, Z.J. Wang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The design and construction with several tens of megawatts superconducting accelerator is the developing direction in the further. The superconducting section follows the RFQ and MEBT, which needs good enough beam quality. The normal temperature front ends are redesigned for China Initiative ADS. The LEBT transports a 35KeV, 10mA DC proton beam to the RFQ, after the RFQ acceleration the MEBT transports a 2.1MeV 10mA CW proton beam to the superconducting DTL. The "Point Source" is proposed in the beam scrape application during the LEBT section to get the ideal transverse beam parameters. To get the ideal longitudinal beam parameters, the new RFQ is designed with little emittance. Collimators are installed in the new MEBT to scrape the outer sphere beams which may turn to halo. Details of the beam dynamics simulations will be given.

Poster MOPLR060 [1.109 MB]

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MOPLR061

Commissioning of the RI Production Beam Line of KOMAC

target, beam-transport, isotope-production, linac

271

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A radioisotope (RI) production beam line has been developed at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) in 2015 and the commissioning started in 2016. The beam parameters of the beam line are 100-MeV beam energy with a maximum 30 kW beam power, which is driven by KOMAC 100-MeV proton linac. The main components of the beam line are a beam transport system, a target transport system, a cooling system for target and hot cell. KOMAC has a plan to commission the beam line and get an operational license in 2016 and start user service in 2017. In this paper, the development and initial commissioning results of the RI production beam line are presented.

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MOPLR062

European Spallation Source (ESS) Normal Conducting Front End Status Report

rfq, plasma, cavity, status

274

W. Wittmer, P.O. Gustavsson, F. Hellström, G. Hulla
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, G. Harper, S. Varnasseri, C. de la Cruz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. Celona, S. Gammino, L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A.C. Chauveau, D. Chirpaz-Cerbat
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Mereu
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
O. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
O. Piquet, B. Pottin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver first protons on target by mid 2019. Civil construction of the accelerator tunnel has made good progress and will allow starting installation of the normal conducting frond end (NCFE) by end of 2017. To achieve these milestones the design of all major beam line components have been completed and the construction of the subsystems begun. We report on the advancement of the subsystems and the commissioning progress of the microwave discharge Proton Source (PS-ESS).

Poster MOPLR062 [1.396 MB]

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MOPLR065

High-Gradient X-band Structures for Proton Energy Booster at LANSCE

linac, booster, cavity, klystron

280

S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
V.A. Dolgashev
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. Using superconducting RF cavities with gradients ~15 MV/m after the existing linac would result in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a much shorter cost-effective booster based on normal conducting high-gradient (~100 MV/m) RF accelerating structures. Such X-band high-gradient structures have been developed for electron acceleration and operate with typical RF pulse lengths below 1 us. They have never been used for protons because typical wavelengths and apertures are smaller than the proton bunch sizes. However, these limitations do not restrict proton radiography (pRad) applications. A train of very short proton bunches with the same total length and charge as the original long proton bunch will create the same single radiography frame, plus pRad limits contiguous trains of beam micro-pulses to below 60 ns to prevent blur in images. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we explore feasibility of two-stage design: a short S-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam followed by the main high-gradient X-band linac.

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MOPLR066

ProBE: Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy

cavity, septum, linac, accelerating-gradient

283

S. Pitman, R. Apsimon, G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A.F. Green, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
A. Grudiev, A. Solodko, W. Wuensch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work was funded by STFC and IPS
Proton beam therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative to traditional radiotherapy, especially for paedi- atric malignancies and radio-resistant tumours. Allowing a highly precise tumour irradiation, it is currently limited by range verification. Several imaging modalities can be utilised for treatment planning, but typically X-ray CT is used. CT scans require conversion from Hounsfield units to estimate the proton stopping power (PSP) of the tissue be- ing treated, and this produces inaccuracy. Proton CT (pCT) measures PSP and is thought to allow an improvement of the treatment accuracy. The Christie Hospital will use a 250 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy, in this paper a pulsed linac upgrade is proposed, to provide 350 MeV protons for pCT within the facility. Space contraints require a compact, high gradient (HG) solution that is reliable and affordable.

Poster MOPLR066 [0.610 MB]

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TU1A01

Review on Trends in Normal Conducting Linacs for Protons, Ions and Electrons, With Emphasis on New Technologies and Applications

linac, DTL, rfq, electron

336

F. Gerigk
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In recent years a lot of attention was given to developments in the field of superconducting cavities. While these cavities can save operating costs and shorten the length of linacs, there are many applications and circumstances where normal conducting cavities are superior. This talk reviews some of the normal conducting linacs, which have been either recently commissioned, or which are currently under construction or in the design phase. Focus will be given to the choice between normal and superconducting cavities and to emerging normal conducting technologies and their applications.

Slides TU1A01 [16.553 MB]

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TUPLR038

The DTL Post Coupler - An Ingenious Invention Turns 50

DTL, linac, cavity, drift-tube-linac

547

S. Ramberger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M.R. Khalvati
IPM, Tehran, Iran

In September 1967, the patent for "A method and device for stabilization of the field distribution in drift tube linac" has been filed by Edward A. Knapp, Donald A. Swenson, and James M. Potter of Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is this invention which to a good part led to the success of highly efficient Alvarez drift tube linacs (DTLs) in that it considerably reduces field errors. The explanation for why the post coupler when tuned correctly has such a strong stabilizing effect has been given at the time in an accompanying paper by describing the modal confluence of the accelerating mode band with the post-coupler mode band, turning a comparatively sensitive 0-mode structure into a stable pi/2-mode like structure. As ingenious as the invention of the post-coupler appears, as poor has been the way of finding its optimum length by relying mainly on trial and error. With the design of the Linac4 DTL at CERN, a new technique has been derived by a DTL equivalent circuit model. Understanding stabilization on an almost cell by cell level provides a new way of optimizing post-couplers of an entire structure with few measurements and even without the extraction of the circuit model itself. Previous approaches to post-coupler stabilization are reviewed and the new, straightforward and accurate technique is described and demonstrated in the stabilization of the Linac4 DTL structures.

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TUPLR053

Development and Measurements of a 325 MHz RFQ

rfq, linac, operation, antiproton

578

M. Schütt, M.A. Obermayer, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
A. Schnase
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In order to have an inexpensive alternative to 4-Vane RFQs above 200 MHz, we study the possibilities of a Ladder-RFQ. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR. This particular high frequency for an RFQ creates difficulties, which are challenging in developing a cavity, especially for 4-ROD RFQs, which dimensions become critically small with increasing the frequency. In order to define a satisfying geometrical configuration for this resonator, both from the RF and the mechanical point of view, different designs have been examined and compared. Very promising results were reached with a ladder type RFQ, which has been investigated since 2013. Due to its geometry, the manufacturing in terms of complexity, time and costs is more beneficial compared to welded accelerators. Furthermore, maintenance is easy to handle. The manufacturing, coppering and assembling of a 0.8 m prototype RFQ is finished. We present recent measurements of the RF-field including power measurements, frequency-tuning, field flatness as well as power measurements.

Poster TUPLR053 [47.463 MB]

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WE1A03

The Superconducting Radio-Frequency Linear Accelerator Components for the European Spallation Source: First Test Results

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, linac

651

C. Darve, N. Elias, F. Schlander
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Arcambal, P. Bosland, E. Cenni, G. Devanz
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Bousson, P. Duthil, G. Olivier, G. Olry, D. Reynet
IPN, Orsay, France
G. Costanza
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
H. Li, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, R. Santiago Kern
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
F. Peauger
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The European Spallation Source requires a pulsed Linac with an average beam power on the target of 5MW which is about five times higher than the most powerful spallation source in operation today. Over 97% of the acceleration occurs in superconducting cavities. ESS will be the first accelerator to employ double spoke cavities to accelerate beam. Accelerating gradients of 9MV/meter is required in the spoke section. The spoke section will be followed by 36 elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.67 and elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.86. Accelerating gradients of 20MV/m is required in the elliptical section. Initial gradient test results will be presented in which results exceed expected requirements.

Slides WE1A03 [6.533 MB]

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WE1A06

Status of SPIRAL2 and RFQ Beam Commissioning

rfq, linac, ion, ion-source

668

R. Ferdinand, P. Bertrand, M. Di Giacomo, H. Franberg, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle, F. Varenne
GANIL, Caen, France
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
D. Uriot
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The SPIRAL2 project beam commissioning is started and the superconducting linac installation is being finalized. In parallel with the installations, the first proton beam was extracted in 2014 and the expected beam performances were achieved from both light and heavy ion sources. The conditioning of the RFQ started in October 2015, and the beam commissioning soon after that. After having briefly recalled the project scope and parameters, the present situation of the RFQ beam commissioning is presented.

Slides WE1A06 [19.488 MB]

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TH1A04

SARAF 4-Rods RFQ RF Power Line Splitting Design and Test

rfq, operation, coupling, vacuum

693

J. Rodnizki, D. Hirschmann, Z. Horvitz, B. Kaizer, A. Perry, L. Weissman
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

In the last years the SARAF 176 MHz 3.8 m long 4-rod RFQ accelerates routinely 2-4 mA CW proton beams to 1.5 MeV for basic studies in physics. However, it has not been successful in running CW deuteron beam for long periods. The findings imply that the RF coupler is the bottle neck to reach 250 kW CW dissipated power, equivalent to 65 kV inter-rod voltage, required to run the CW deuteron beam. A new design that splits the RFQ power between two couplers was built and commissioned successfully. A 3dB splitter and two new RF couplers were installed. The RF couplers improved design allows better brazing methods, vacuum properties and RF sealing. This design is innovative from two points of view: (a) implementation of two synchronized couplers located in two separated RF cells in a 4-rod RFQ. (b) The ability to run the RFQ in 200-250 kW to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron beam by 2.6 MV required for the new modulation design for 1.3 MeV/u. To our knowledge, SARAF RFQ will be the first 4-rod RFQ capable of running a CW deuteron beam at these power densities. This work may contribute to other 4-rod RFQ projects which intend to run CW beams in high dissipation power, like FRANZ and MYRRHA.

Slides TH1A04 [6.109 MB]

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TH1A06

High-Frequency Compact RFQs for Medical and Industrial Applications

rfq, linac, ion, dipole

704

M. Vretenar, V.A. Dimov, M. Garlaschè, A. Grudiev, B. Koubek, A.M. Lombardi, S.J. Mathot, D. Mazur, E. Montesinos, M.A. Timmins
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations.

Slides TH1A06 [9.369 MB]

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TH3A02

The Los Alamos Multi-Probe Facility for Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes

electron, linac, photon, laser

729

R.W. Garnett
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
A next-generation signature facility based on multi-probe capabilities is being planned at Los Alamos. This new facility will enable the first in a new generation of game-changing scientific facilities for the materials community. The new Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) facility will be used to discover and design the advanced materials needed to meet 21st-century national security and energy-security challenges to develop next-generation materials that will perform predictably in extreme environments. The MaRIE facility will include a new 12-GeV electron linac using a state-of-the-art electron photoinjector and superconducting accelerator technology to drive a 42-keV XFEL to generate x rays of unprecedented flux and quality, coupled with the existing proton-beam capabilities of the LANSCE proton linac, new experimental halls, and new materials fabrication/characterization facilities. A description of this new facility, its requirements, and planned uses and capabilities will be presented. Status of the project will also be presented.

Slides TH3A02 [5.060 MB]

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THPLR028

Simulation of Mechanical Oscillations in PIP-II Cryomodule Using ACE3P

cavity, simulation, SRF, linac

910

L. Xiao, O. Kononenko, C.-K. Ng
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
The linac in the PIP-II project at Fermilab consists of different sections of superconducting rf (SRF) cavities that can accelerate the proton beams to 800 MeV. At the end of the linac is a section containing a number of HB (β = 0.92) cryomodules operating at 650 MHz, with each cryomodule consisting of six SRF cavities. Previous calculations have been carried out to determine the mechanical modes of a single cavity in the 650 MHz cryomodule. In this paper, the parallel code suite ACE3P is used to evaluate the mechanical modes for a string of SRF cavities in the 650 MHz cryomodule. The effects of multi cavities on the mechanical mode frequencies and any possible coupling between cavities will be investigated.

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THPLR065

Beam Commissioning Status and Results of the FNAL PIP2IT Linear Accelerator RFQ

rfq, experiment, controls, operation

1002

J. Steimel, C.M. Baffes, P. Berrutti, J.-P. Carneiro, J.P. Edelen, T.N. Khabiboulline, L.R. Prost, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A.L. Edelen
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, D. Li, T.H. Luo, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
V.L. Sista
BARC, Mumbai, India

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
An H⁻ beam was accelerated through a continuous wave (CW) capable, 4-vane, radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) at Fermilab that was designed and constructed at Berkeley Lab. This RFQ is designed to accelerate up to 10 mA H⁻ beam from 30 keV to 2.1 MeV in a test accelerator (PIP2IT). This paper presents results of specification verification and commissioning.

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