Keyword: ion
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MO1A01 The FRIB Superconducting Linac - Status and Plans cryomodule, linac, cryogenics, SRF 1
 
  • J. Wei, H. Ao, S. Beher, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, C. Compton, L.R. Dalesio, K.D. Davidson, A. Facco, F. Feyzi, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, P.E. Gibson, T. Glasmacher, W. Hartung, L. Hodges, L.T. Hoff, H.-C. Hseuh, A. Hussain, M. Ikegami, S. Jones, K. Kranz, R.E. Laxdal, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, S.J. Miller, D.G. Morris, A.C. Morton, J.A. Nolen, P.N. Ostroumov, J.T. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, G. Pozdeyev, T. Russo, K. Saito, G. Shen, S. Stanley, H. Tatsumoto, T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
  • K. Dixon, M. Wiseman
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • A. Facco
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • K. Hosoyama
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H.-C. Hseuh
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • M.P. Kelly, J.A. Nolen
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • R.E. Laxdal
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
 
  With an average beam power two orders of magnitude higher than operating heavy-ion facilities, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) stands at the power frontier of the accelerator family. This report summarizes the current design and construction status as well as plans for commissioning, operations and upgrades.
Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY-1102511.
 
slides icon Slides MO1A01 [48.813 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO1A01  
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MOOP02 Current Status of Superconducting Linac for the Rare Isotope Science Project linac, cryomodule, cavity, rfq 41
 
  • H.J. Kim, I.S. Hong, H.C. Jung, W.K. Kim, Y.H. Kim, Y. Kim, B.-S. Park, I. Shin
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
 
  The RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. It can deliver ions from proton to uranium. Proton and uranium ions are accelerated upto 600 MeV and 200 MeV/u respectively. The facility consists of three superconducting linacs of which superconducting cavities are independently phased. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. We present the RISP linac design, the prototyping of superconducting cavity and cryomodule.  
slides icon Slides MOOP02 [5.566 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP02  
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MOOP03 High Gradient Accelerating Structures for Carbon Therapy Linac impedance, linac, cavity, operation 44
 
  • S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, L. Faillace, E.A. Savin
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • A. Goel, B. Mustapha, A. Nassiri, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • E.A. Savin
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under contract 0000219678
Carbon therapy is the most promising among techniques for cancer treatment, as it has demonstrated significant improvements in clinical efficiency and reduced toxicity profiles in multiple types of cancer through much better localization of dose to the tumor volume. RadiaBeam, in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory, are developing an ultra-high gradient linear accelerator, Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL), for the delivery of ion-beams with end-energies up to 450 MeV/u for 12C6+ ions and 250 MeV for protons. In this paper, we present a thorough comparison of standing and travelling wave designs for high gradient S-Band accelerating structures operating with ions at varying velocities, relative to the speed of light, in the range 0.3-0.7. In this paper we will compare these types of accelerating structures in terms of RF, beam dynamics and thermo-mechanical performance.
 
slides icon Slides MOOP03 [3.497 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP03  
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MOPRC016 RF-Track: Beam Tracking in Field Maps Including Space-Charge Effects, Features and Benchmarks space-charge, linac, rfq, simulation 104
 
  • A. Latina
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  RF-Track is a novel tracking code developed at CERN for the optimization of low-energy ion linacs in presence of space-charge effects. RF-Track features great flexibility and rapid simulation speed. It can transport beams of particles with arbitrary mass and charge even mixed together, solving fully relativistic equations of motion. It implements direct space-charge effects in a physically consistent manner, using parallel algorithms. It can simulate bunched beams as well as continuous ones, and transport through conventional elements as well as through maps of oscillating radio-frequency fields. RF-Track is written in optimized and parallel C++, and it uses the scripting languages Octave and Python as user interfaces. RF-Track has been tested successfully in several cases. The main features of the code and the results of its benchmark studies are presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC016  
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MOPRC019 Beam Dynamic of Transport Line 1+ with New HRMS for the SPES Project dipole, simulation, beam-transport, beam-losses 114
 
  • E. Khabibullina
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • E. Khabibullina
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • A.D. Russo
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
 
  SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is integrated Italian facility in LNL (Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy) for production of high-intensity and highly charged beams of neutron-rich nuclei for Advanced Studies. The facility is based on 35-70MeV proton cyclotron, an ISOL fission target station and the existing ALPI superconducting accelerator as the post accelerator. In this paper the results of beam dynamic simulation of 132Sn ion beam transport line from Beam Cooler to the Charge Breeder, including HRMS (High Resolution Mass Separator) with mass resolution 1/20000 and electrostatic dipoles are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC019  
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MOPRC020 Primary Beam Dynamic Simulation of Double Drift Double Buncher System for SPES Project rfq, solenoid, simulation, focusing 117
 
  • A.V. Ziiatdinova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • A.V. Ziiatdinova
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
 
  SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is a facility intended for production of neutron-rich Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) at the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL, Legnaro, Italy). Exotic nuclei production based on the ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) technology using UCx target. Neutron-rich nuclei will be generated by uranium fission under the influence of proton beam from cyclotron. After that, RIBs will be reaccelerated by the ALPI (Acceleratore Lineare Per Ioni). RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) will be used as a front-end part of the ALPI. Double drift double buncher system is planned to install before RFQ for increasing transmission. This article is dedicated to beam dynamic simulation and laying-out of transport line at section before ALPI.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC020  
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MOPLR023 Examination of Cutouts Inner Surfaces from Nb3Sn Coated Cavity cavity, niobium, SRF, accelerating-gradient 189
 
  • U. Pudasaini, M.J. Kelley
    The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
  • G.V. Eremeev, C.E. Reece
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • J. Tuggle
    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
 
  Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177 and Office of High Energy Physics under grant SC00144475.
The potential for higher operating temperature and higher gradient have motivated SRF cavity researchers to pursue Nb3Sn as an alternative to Nb for nearly fifty years. Far and away the most common embodiment has been a few micron-thick Nb3Sn layer on the cavity interior surface obtained by vapor diffusion coating, with one or another set of parameters. While many cavities have been made and RF tested, reports of dissecting a cavity in detail to examine the coating and relate it to RF measurements are rare. We coated a BCP-treated single cell cavity in a typical process of tin/tin chloride activation at 500 C followed by tin vapor deposition at 1200 C. After RF-testing, we cut and examined sections from several locations to learn composition, thickness topography of the interior surface. The effect of process variables, such as surface preparation, process temperature and duration, and vapor chemistry needs to be explored.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR023  
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MOPLR025 Investigation of Low-Level Nitrogen in Niobium by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry niobium, SRF, cavity, factory 196
 
  • J. Tuggle
    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
  • M.J. Kelley
    The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
  • A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • F.A. Stevie
    NCSU AIF, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
 
  Funding: Supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science, ONP contract DE-AC05-06OR23177 and OHEP grant SC00144475. Tuggle is supported by Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory at Virginia Tech.
Understanding the improvement of the SRF cavity quality factor by low-level nitrogen addition ("N-doping") is attracting much attention from researchers. Precise, repeatable measurement of the nitrogen profile in the parts-per-thousand to parts-per-million range is vital. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is the approach of choice because of excellent sensitivity and depth resolution. Accurate quantitation must consider sample properties, such as surface topography and crystal structure, calibration of the instrument with reference materials, and data analysis. We report the results of a SIMS study in which polycrystal and single crystal coupons were N-doped, each accompanied by new SRF-grade niobium sheet equivalent to a single cell cavity.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR025  
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MOPLR051 Simulation of Gas and Plasma Charge Strippers plasma, target, electron, heavy-ion 248
 
  • O.S.H. Haas, O. Boine-Frankenheim
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF as part of project 05P15RDRBA.
Charge stripping of intense heavy ion beams is a major challenge in current and future linear heavy ion accelerators. Conventional stripping techniques are limited in their applicability, e.g. solid carbon foils suffer from short lifetimes at high intensities. One possible alternative is the use of a plasma as a stripping medium, which the presented work focuses on. The main goal of the studies is the prediction of the final charge state distribution of the ion beam. Rate equations were implemented numerically, taking into account different models for ionization, recombination and energy loss processes. First quantitative results are presented in form of an overview of the charge state distributions of different charge stripping media. For fixed projectile properties and target phase, it is observed that the mean charge state q0 decreases for increasing nuclear charge Z\text{T} of the target. Plasmas show significantly increased q0 for the same ZT. The width d of the charge state distributions is larger for higher Z\text{T}. The latter is caused by multiple loss of the projectile and decreases the maximum stripping efficiency by typically less than a factor of 2.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR051  
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MOPLR052 LEBT Commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC rfq, linac, extraction, beam-transport 251
 
  • T. Shibata, K. Ikegami, T. Maruta, K. Ohkoshi
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • H. Asano, Y. Kondo, A. Miura, H. Oguri
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • Y. Liu
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • F. Naito, A. Takagi
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  After upgrade of J-PARC Linac in 2014, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) beam commissioning of the J-PARC LINAC has been made for improving H-beam intensity extracted from Linac. Currents of two solenoid coils and steering magnets in LEBT are optimized with extraction and acceleration voltages for static acceleration in ion source (IS) which decides on an initial emittance diagram of H beam. As a result of LEBT and IS parameter optimization, beam transmission rate of RFQ has been reached up to 96 % in 50 mA H current operation. Moreover, PIC-MC (Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo) simulation model is developed for H transport in LEBT. Comparison between experimental and numerical results are presented to clarify beam physics from IS exit to RFQ entrance.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR052  
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MOPLR054 Progress and Operation Experiences of the J-PARC Linac linac, operation, ion-source, rfq 257
 
  • K. Hasegawa
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
 
  The J-PARC linac started beam commissioning in 2006 and has delivered beam to users since 2008. The linac had been operated with a beam energy of 181 MeV and a peak beam current of 15-20 mA, which corresponds to the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) beam power of 300 kW. An energy of 400 MeV and higher peak beam current of 50 mA linac was required to reach the goal of the J-PARC project. For the beam energy upgrade, we installed a new accelerating structure, Annular-ring Coupled Structure linac (ACS) in 2013. The ion source and the Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac were replaced to increase the peak beam current in 2014. Since then, the linac provides beams to demonstrate a 1 MW equivalent beam at the RCS and also for routine operation for user programs. The progress and operation experiences of the J-PARC linac are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR054  
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MOPLR060 CIADS Normal Temperature Front-End Design rfq, emittance, proton, ion-source 267
 
  • W.L. Chen, W.P. Dou, Y. He, H. Jia, S.H. Liu, Y.S. Qin, Z.J. Wang
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  The design and construction with several tens of megawatts superconducting accelerator is the developing direction in the further. The superconducting section follows the RFQ and MEBT, which needs good enough beam quality. The normal temperature front ends are redesigned for China Initiative ADS. The LEBT transports a 35KeV, 10mA DC proton beam to the RFQ, after the RFQ acceleration the MEBT transports a 2.1MeV 10mA CW proton beam to the superconducting DTL. The "Point Source" is proposed in the beam scrape application during the LEBT section to get the ideal transverse beam parameters. To get the ideal longitudinal beam parameters, the new RFQ is designed with little emittance. Collimators are installed in the new MEBT to scrape the outer sphere beams which may turn to halo. Details of the beam dynamics simulations will be given.  
poster icon Poster MOPLR060 [1.109 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR060  
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MOPLR071 A 3-MeV Linac for Development of Accelerator Components at J-PARC linac, rfq, laser, operation 298
 
  • Y. Kondo, H. Asano, E. Chishiro, K. Hirano, T. Itou, Y. Kawane, N. Kikuzawa, S.I. Meigo, A. Miura, S. Mizobata, T. Morishita, H. Oguri, K. Ohkoshi, A. Ohzone, Y. Sato, S. Shinozaki, K. Shinto, H. Takei, K. Tsutsumi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, T. Miyao, K. Nanmo, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Hori
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
  • T. Ishiyama, T. Maruta
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • M. Mayama, Y. Sawabe
    Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
 
  We are constructing a linac for development of accelerator components at J-PARC. This linac consists of a H ion source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT), an radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, and a diagnostics bean line. The beam energy is 3 MeV, the beam current is 30 mA, and the duty factor is 0.6%, which corresponds to 0.5 kW. The accelerator itself has a capacity of at least 1 kW. However, the beam power is limited by radiation dose, because there are no radiation shields between the accessible area during the operation. The source and LEBT are same as the J-PARC linac's. The RFQ is a used one in the J-PARC linac, called RFQ I. At first, we are planning to conduct experiments of the laser charge exchange development for the transmutation facility. Then, this linac will be used for the development accelerator components such as beam scrapers, bunch shape monitors, laser profile monitors, and so on. We will be able to install new devices into the actual J-PARC linac after the full testing. The development of H ion source can be carried out at this system, and also RFQ in the future. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac at J-PARC is presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR071  
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MOP106022 Generation of Coherent Undulator Radiation at ELPH, Tohoku University radiation, undulator, electron, focusing 330
 
  • S. Kashiwagi, T. Abe, H. Hama, F. Hinode, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito, Y. Saito, Y. Shibasaki, K. Takahashi
    Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan
 
  A test accelerator as a coherent terahertz source (t-ACTS) has been under development at Tohoku University, in which an intense coherent terahertz (THz) radiation generated by an extremely short electron bunch. Velocity bunching scheme in a traveling accelerating structure is employed to generate femtosecond electron bunches. Spatial and temporal coherent radiation in THz region can be produced by the electron bunches with small transverse emittance. A long-period undulator, which has 25 periods with a period length of 10 cm and a peak magnetic field of 0.41 T, has been also developed and installed to provide intense coherent THz undulator radiation. By optimizing the bunch length, we found that it is possible to generate a coherent undulator radiation that contain only the fundamental wave from numerical studies. We are planning an experiment with 30 MeV beam to generate a coherent undulator radiation of 2.5THz. In the conference, we will report the preliminary experimental results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOP106022  
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TU1A03 Experience with the Construction and Commissioning of Linac4 linac, emittance, DTL, cavity 342
 
  • J.-B. Lallement
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program, CERN is presently commissioning Linac4, a 160MeV H ion linac, which will replace the present 50 MeV proton linac (Linac2) as injector to the PS Booster during the next LHC long shut-down. The installation of the machine has proceeded in parallel with a staged beam commissioning at the energies of 3, 12, 50, 100 MeV and finally 160 MeV, foreseen for fall 2016. A seven month long reliability run will take place during 2017 to access potential weak points and find mitigations. The lessons learnt during its construction, the main outcomes of the beam commissioning and the remaining steps toward its connection to the PS Booster are presented in this paper.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU1A03  
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TU1A05 High Power Operation of SNS SC Linac cavity, linac, cryomodule, operation 348
 
  • M.A. Plum
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: Work performed at (or work supported by) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The SNS superconducting linac (SCL) provides 972 MeV, 1.5 MW H− beam for the storage ring and neutron spallation target. It has now been in operation for 11 years, and we have gained some experience in long-term operational issues. Three inter-related issues are gradient changes, errant beams, and trip rates. In this presentation we will provide an update on our progress to mitigate these issues, and also report on the overall status of the SCL.
 
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TUOP03 Developments on the 1.4 MeV/u Pulsed Gas Stripper Cell target, emittance, heavy-ion, linac 387
 
  • P. Scharrer, W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, J. Khuyagbaatar, A. Yakushev
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, M. Bevcic, Ch.E. Düllmann, L. Groening, K.P. Horn, E. Jäger, J. Khuyagbaatar, J. Krier, P. Scharrer, A. Yakushev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • Ch.E. Düllmann, P. Scharrer
    Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
 
  The GSI UNILAC in combination with SIS18 will serve as a high-current, heavy-ion injector for the FAIR facility. It must meet high demands in terms of beam brilliance at a low duty factor. As part of an UNILAC upgrade program dedicated to FAIR, a new pulsed gas stripper cell was developed, aiming for increased beam intensities inside the post-stripper. The pulsed gas injection is synchronized with the beam pulse timing, enabling a highly-demanded, increased gas density. First tests using uranium beams on a hydrogen target showed a 60%-increased stripping efficiency into the desired 28+ charge state. In 2015, the setup was improved to be able to deliver increased target thicknesses and enhanced flexibility of the gas injection. In recent beam times, the pulsed gas cell was used with various ion-beam types, to test the capabilities for operation at the GSI UNILAC. The stripping of two ion beams in different gases at different gas densities was successfully tested in mixed-beam operation. Charge fractions, beam emittance, and energy-loss were systematically measured using uranium, bismuth, titanium, and argon beams on hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen targets. Selected results will be presented at the conference.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP03  
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TUOP04 On the Acceleration of Rare Isotope Beams in the Reaccelerator (ReA3) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at MSU rfq, experiment, acceleration, linac 390
 
  • A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, M. Ikegami, S.M. Lidia, S. Nash, R. Shane, Q. Zhao
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
  • D.B. Crisp, A. Lapierre, D.J. Morrissey, R. Rencsok, R.J. Ringle, S. Schwarz, C. Sumithrarachchi, T. Summers
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  The ReAccelerator ReA3 is a worldwide unique, state-of-the-art linear accelerator for rare isotope beams. Beams of rare isotopes are produced and separated in-flight at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility and subsequently stopped in a linear gas cell. The rare isotopes are then continuously extracted as 1+ ions and transported into a beam cooler and buncher. Ion pulses provided by this device are then transported to a charge breeder based on an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) where they are captured in flight. The 1+ ions are ionized to a charge state suitable for acceleration in the superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) ReA3 linac, extracted in a pulsed mode and mass analyzed. The extracted beam is pre-bunched before injection into the RFQ and SRF linac, both operating at frequency of 80.5 MHz, and then accelerated to energies from 300 keV/u up to 6 MeV/u, depending on the charge-to-mass ratio of the ion. Stable isotopes can alternatively also be injected into the linac from the EBIT in off-line mode (by ionization of residual gas) or from external off-line ion sources. This contribution will focus on the methodology, properties and techniques used to accelerate and control low intensity rare isotope beams. Results obtained during the preparation of various experiments using the ReA facility, including those with the rare ions 46Ar and 37,46,47K will also be presented.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP04  
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TUOP05 First Experiments at the CW-Operated RFQ for Intense Proton Beams rfq, operation, coupling, experiment 394
 
  • P.P. Schneider, D. Born, M. Droba, C. Lorey, O. Meusel, D. Noll, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, B. Thomas, C. Wagner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  This contribution describes the first experiments with the cw-operated RFQ*, which is designed to accelerate protons from 120keV to 700keV for the FRANZ-Project**. The commissioning is done using the RF and ion beam scrubbing technique. In the first phase, the acceptance of the RFQ is scanned and the performance of the RFQ without space-charge effects is evaluated with a 2mA proton beam. The second phase will increase the beam current up to 50mA and a third phase with a machine upgrade for a beam current of up to 200mA is planned. The configuration of a high-current RFQ***, transporting beam current increasing from 2mA with no space-charge forces to a beam with high space-charge effects gives an unique insight in the beam optics of the space-charge effects. The measurements are done with a slit-grid emittance scanner for the transversal phase-space, a faraday cup for the transmitted current and a momentum spectrometer to measure the energy spread. The results set the basis for later experiments on variations of the beam current and the future coupling of the RFQ with an IH-structure****.
* Bechtold, A., et al., MOP001, LINAC08
** Meusel, O., et al., MO3A03, LINAC12
*** Vossberg, M., et al., WEPFI009, IPAC13
**** Heilmann, M., et al., THPWO017, IPAC13
 
slides icon Slides TUOP05 [2.435 MB]  
poster icon Poster TUOP05 [4.550 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP05  
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TUPRC004 Frequency Spectra From Solenoid Lattice Orbits lattice, solenoid, focusing, linac 417
 
  • C.J. Richard
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • S.M. Lidia
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Multi-charge state heavy ion beams have been proposed to increase average beam intensity in rare isotope drive linacs. However, the dynamics of multi-charge state beams make it challenging to optimize the beam quality in low energy linacs. One of the primary complications is that the multiple charge states introduce different focusing effects in the beam dynamics. This leads to a large frequency spectrum in the transverse motion of the beam centroid. Matlab simulations are used to describe how the frequency spectrum of the centroid transforms when the reference charge state is changed in accelerating, space charge free solenoid lattices. These frequency shifts can then be used to predict the behavior of beam of known composition using the frequency spectrum of BPM signals.  
poster icon Poster TUPRC004 [1.192 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC004  
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TUPRC011 Ongoing Studies of the SuSI ECR Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport Line at the MSU NSCL extraction, ion-source, plasma, emittance 438
 
  • A.N. Pham, J. Fogleman, D. Leitner, G. Machicoane, D.E. Neben, S. Renteria, J.W. Stetson, L. Tobos
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: Research supported by Michigan State University and National Science Foundation Award PHY-1415462.
Heavy ion accelerator laboratories for nuclear science and rare isotope research require a wide array of high intensity heavy ion beams. Due to their versatility and robustness, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources are the choice injectors for the majority of these facilities worldwide. Steady improvements in the performance of ECR ion sources have been successful in providing intense primary beams for facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). However, next generation heavy ion beam laboratories, such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beam (FRIB), require intensities that approaching the limits of current possibility with state of the art ion source technology. In this proceedings, we present the ongoing low energy beam transport characterization efforts of a superconducting ECR ion source injector system at the MSU NSCL.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC011  
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TUPRC014 Self-Consistent PIC Modeling of Near Source Transport of FRIB lattice, space-charge, simulation, ECR 441
 
  • C.Y. Wong
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • K. Fukushima, S.M. Lund
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1102511.
Self-consistent simulation studies of the FRIB low energy beam transport (LEBT) system are conducted with the PIC code Warp. Transport of the many-species DC ion beam emerging from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source is examined in a realistic lattice through the Charge Selection System (CSS) which employs two 90-degree bends, two quadrupole triplets, and slits to collimate non-target species. Simulation tools developed will support commissioning activities on the FRIB front end which begins early operations in 2017. Efficient transverse (xy) slice simulation models using 3D lattice fields are employed within a scripted framework that is readily adaptable to analyze many ion cases and levels of model detail. Effects from large canonical angular momentum (magnetized beam emerging from ECR), thermal spread, nonlinear focusing, and electron neutralization are examined for impact on collimated beam quality.
 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC014  
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TUPRC019 Beam Instabilities in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources plasma, cyclotron, ion-source, electron 455
 
  • B.C. Isherwood
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane, G. Pozdeyev
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane, G. Pozdeyev, Y. Yamazaki
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: This research is funded by joint assistance from the NSF and D.O.E.
Accelerator facilities for radioactive beams and low energy nuclear physics such as FRIB require intense, stable ion beam currents in order to achieve required reaction rates for rare and undiscovered isotopes. Presently, the only way to produce intense Continuous Wave beams of highly-charged, medium to heavy-mass ions is with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS). The complex nature of these devices causes temporal instabilities to occur, most notably: Slow and fast instabilities. Slow instabilities and drifts, occurring over hours, decay the beam current intensity due to variations in ambient and hardware conditions. These drifts require beam operators to constantly monitor and tune ECRIS plasma parameters in order to maintain experimental beam requirements. Fast instabilities, in the form of ms oscillations, occur at operational parameters needed for high-intensity, high-charge state beams. These oscillations cause sudden drops in beam current of the order of 30%. We present here initial results of recent measurements to investigate these instabilities. Results for slow instabilities indicate a linear decay of beam intensity following a sharp current drop due to a brief source conditioning period. Results for fast instabilities show a relationship between the frequency and amplitude of beam oscillations and the electric potential of the plasma chamber bias disk.
 
poster icon Poster TUPRC019 [0.817 MB]  
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TUPRC022 UPS Study for CsK2Sb Photocathode cathode, electron, laser, experiment 465
 
  • M. Kuriki, T. Konomi, Y. Seimiya
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • L. Guo, M. Urano, A. Yokota
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • K. Negishi
    Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
 
  CsK2Sb photo-cathode is one of the ideal cathode for accelerators requiring the high brightness electron beam. It can be driven with a green laser which can be generated as SHG from solid state laser. The QE (Quantum Efficiency) of photo-electron emission is as high as more than 10% with 532nm light. The material is robust and the typical operational lifetime is more than several months. It is also vital against the high intensity beam extraction. The photo-cathode is generated as a thin film in-situ and the material property and optimized condition for the cathode formation is not understood well. In this article, we present UPS analysis of CsK2Sb cathode for deeper understanding.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC022  
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TUPRC032 An Analysis of Fast Sputtering Studies for Ion Confinement Time plasma, electron, ECRIS, ion-source 475
 
  • D.E. Neben, G. Machicoane, A.N. Pham, J.W. Stetson
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • G. Machicoane
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
  • G. Parsey
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • J.P. Verboncoeur
    Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by Michigan State University and the National Science Foundation: NSF Award Number PHY-1415462
Existing heavy ion facilities such as the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University rely on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources as injectors of highly charged ion beams. Long ion confinement times are necessary to produce dense populations of highly charged ions because of steadily decreasing ionization cross sections with increasing charge state. To further understand ion extraction and confinement we are using a fast sputtering technique first developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) [1] to introduce a small amount of uranium metal into the plasma at a well-defined time. We present an analytical solution to the coupled ion density rate equations for using a piecewise constant neutral density to interpret the fast sputtering method.
*R. Vondrasek et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 548-551 (2002).
 
poster icon Poster TUPRC032 [0.699 MB]  
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TUPLR017 Summary of the Test and Installation of 10 MW MBKs for the XFEL Project klystron, cathode, vacuum, linac 506
 
  • V. Vogel (Fogel), L. Butkowski, A. Cherepenko, S. Choroba, J. Hartung, V.V. Kachaev, R. Wagner, S. Wiesenberg
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  For the European XFEL project, horizontal multi-beam klystrons (MBK) which produce RF power up to 10 MW, at an RF frequency of 1.3 GHz, 1.5 ms pulse length and 10 Hz repetition rate, were chosen as RF power sources. All MBKs have been manufactured by two companies, 22 tubes from Thales Electron Devices and 7 tubes from Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices. In this article we will give a summary of the tube testing, conditioning and installation in the underground linear accelerator tunnel.  
poster icon Poster TUPLR017 [1.975 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR017  
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TUPLR050 Design of 4-vane RFQ with Magnetic Coupling Windows for Nuclotron Injector Lu-20 rfq, Windows, coupling, linac 575
 
  • V.A. Koshelev, G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin, A.S. Plastun
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • A.V. Butenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • S.V. Vinogradov
    MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
 
  Alvarez-type linac LU-20 is used as Nuclotron injector. In the framework of NICA project the high voltage electrostatic pre-injector for LU-20 has been replaced by RFQ linac. The RFQ was designed by the team of ITEP and MEPhI (Moscow, Russia) and was manufactured in VNIITF (Sneginsk, Russia). The engineering design of the 4-vane RFQ linac with magnetic coupling windows and details of its manufacturing are presented and discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR050  
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TUPLR063 IMPACT Model for ReA and its Benchmark with DYNAC simulation, cavity, rfq, lattice 601
 
  • T. Yoshimoto, M. Ikegami
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: * Work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-11-02511 ** Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Abstract New online model for ReAccelerator 3 (ReA3) has been developed for actual beam tunings using IMPACT, which is one of famous particle tracking codes in accelerator field. DYNAC model was used for ReA3 optics calculation. However it basically can calculate symmetric cavity, not axisymmetric ones such as super-conductive Quarter-Wave Resonators (QWRs), which are installed in ReA3. This means that it is difficult to effectively tune beams at present situation. In order to handle beams at ReA3, a new alternative and more precise model of IMPACT is under development, which would be acceptable to actual beam operation. This paper reports benchmarked results of IMPACT and DYNAC model for ReA3 acceleration line just after RFQ exit to a transport line with symmetric cavity as a first step before more precise simulation including non-axisymmetric cavity and RFQ calculation.
 
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TUPLR066 High Current Beam Injector for Cancer Therapy linac, injection, cavity, acceleration 604
 
  • L. Lu, Y. He, C.X. Li, W. Ma, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, X.B. Xu, L. Yang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • T.L. He
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
 
  A hybrid single cavity (HSC) linac, which is formed by combining a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tube (DT) structure into one interdigital-H (IH) cavity, is fabricated and assembled as a proof of principle injector for cancer therapy synchrotron, based on the culmination of several years of research. The HSC linac adopts a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS), which can inject a high intensity heavy ion beam produced by a laser ion source (LIS). The input beam current of the HSC is designed to be 20 mA C6+ ions. According to numerical simulations, the HSC linac can accelerate a 6-mA C6+ beam, which meets the requirement of the needed particle number for cancer therapy (108~9 ions/pulse). The HSC injector with the DPIS method makes the existing multi-turn injection system and stripping system unnecessary, and can also bring down the size of the beam pipe in existing synchrotron magnets, which could reduce the whole cost of synchrotron. The radio frequency (RF) measurements show excellent RF properties for the resonator, with a measured Q equal to 91% of the simulated value. A C6+ ion beam extracted from the LIS was used for the HSC commissioning. In beam testing, we found the measured beam parameters agreed with simulations. More details of the measurements and the results of the high power test are reported in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR066  
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TUPLR069 Simulation Study on the Beam Loss Mitigation in the 1st Arc Section of FRIB Driver Linac simulation, electron, linac, heavy-ion 613
 
  • T. Maruta
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • M. Ikegami, F. Marti
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
The Facility of Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University is now under construction toward user operation in year 2020. Charge-state transition of accelerating ions occurs in the beam line due to interaction with the residual gas. Since this exchange changes charge to mass ratio of the ions, the ion orbit is distorted especially in an arc section with the ion potentially hitting the vacuum pipe. This will generate outgassing from the beamline pipe. Moreover, they become a seed of further charge-state exchanges. Therefore, a collimation of charge exchanged ions is necessary to prevent this feedback cycle. In this presentation, the results of a simulation study on charge exchange reaction in the 1st arc section of FRIB and optimization of collimator position are presented.
 
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TUP106001 Magnetic Field Measurements in a Cryomodule with Nearby Warm-Section Quadrupole Magnets of RAON Heavy Ion Accelerator cryomodule, shielding, cavity, heavy-ion 625
 
  • H.J. Cha, J.W. Choi, I. Chun, M. Lee
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
 
  For the Korean heavy ion accelerator RAON, a normal-conducting quadrupole magnet doublet with an intermediate beam diagnostic devices between two cryomodules is served for collimating the heavy ion beam. Although the fringe field of a magnet at a superconducting cavity position is low enough, differently from a strong superconducting solenoid, it can degrade the acceleration performance in the case of quench of the cavity directly and/or indirectly by contaminating the cryomodule wall and magnetic shields. In this study, we analyze the magnetic measurement results in the cryomodule assembled with the magnet doublet compared to the calculated ones and discuss the future plan.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106001  
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TUP106007 Results of Intensity Upgrade Phase I for 200 MeV H Linac at Brookhaven linac, target, operation, ion-source 634
 
  • D. Raparia, B. Briscoe, C. Cullen, T. Lehn, V. LoDestro, A. McNerney, J. Ritter, A. Zelenski
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
 
  The 200 MeV H Linac has been operational for the last 45 years providing beam for the physics and isotope programs. Yearly integrated intensity delivered to BLIP has bean increased by six fold in past decade. Recently we have finish intensity, which resulted 40% more intensity for Brookhaven Linac Isotope Program (BLIP) and reduced losses along the linac and transfer line to BLIP by several folds. We will present detail of the upgrade and the future upgrades plane to further increase the intensity by factor of two  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106007  
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TUP106024 Optimizing Cavity Choice for FRIB Energy Upgrade Plan cavity, linac, heavy-ion, cryomodule 637
 
  • S. Shanab, K. Saito, Y. Yamazaki
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Isotope production yield rate is directly proportional to beam power, especially for heavy ions. Higher beam kinetic energy on target drives more isotope yield. FRIB has an energy upgrade plan up to ≥ 400 MeV/u for Uranium and already prepared a vacant space in the design stage and cryogenic capacity that accommodates for the energy upgrade plan[1]. This upgrade requires an optimized linac design and challenging technology for cavity performance improvement. In this paper, we will approach this issue concerning; maximizing final energy, optimum beta, cavity operating frequency, cryogenic power, fabrication and cost in order to develop a cavity that is suitable for the energy upgrade plan.  
poster icon Poster TUP106024 [1.343 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUP106024  
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WE1A06 Status of SPIRAL2 and RFQ Beam Commissioning rfq, linac, proton, ion-source 668
 
  • R. Ferdinand, P. Bertrand, M. Di Giacomo, H. Franberg, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle, F. Varenne
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay, France
  • D. Uriot
    CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 
  The SPIRAL2 project beam commissioning is started and the superconducting linac installation is being finalized. In parallel with the installations, the first proton beam was extracted in 2014 and the expected beam performances were achieved from both light and heavy ion sources. The conditioning of the RFQ started in October 2015, and the beam commissioning soon after that. After having briefly recalled the project scope and parameters, the present situation of the RFQ beam commissioning is presented.  
slides icon Slides WE1A06 [19.488 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-WE1A06  
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TH1A02 Operation of KOMAC 100 MeV Linac target, linac, operation, DTL 683
 
  • H.S. Kim
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  • Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at the KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) was under development for past 15 years, including preliminary design study period, and was successfully commissioned in 2013. The operation of the linac for user service started in July 2013 with two beam lines: one for a 20-MeV beam and the other for a 100-MeV beam. The linac is composed of a 50-keV microwave proton source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole) and a 100-MeV DTL (drift tube linac). In 2015, the linac operating time was more than 2,800 hours with an availability of better than 89% and unscheduled downtime was about 73 hours, mainly due to the ion source and HVCM problems. More than 2,100 samples from various fields such as material science, bio and nano technology and nuclear science, were treated in 2015. Currently, additional beamline for radioisotope production is being commissioned and a new beamline for low-flux irradiation experiments are under construction along with a continuous effort being made to increase the average beam power.
 
slides icon Slides TH1A02 [18.355 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A02  
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TH1A03 Development of New Heavy Ion Linacs at GSI linac, emittance, DTL, solenoid 688
 
  • L. Groening, S. Mickat
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  The heavy ion linac UNILAC at GSI will be upgraded in order to meet the beam requirements imposed by the upcoming FAIR facility. This upgrade includes several innovative techniques and applications. They comprise a new gaseaous stripper with enhanced efficiency, full 4d transverse emittance measurements, a round-to-flat beam adaptor, asymmetric transverse focusing along the new Alvarez DTL, optimized shape of the drift tube surface w.r.t. shunt impedance per surface field, and a field stabilization and tuning scheme without post-couplers. Additionally, we report on development of a super-conducting cw linac for intermediate mass ions which will be dedicated to production of super heavy elements close to the Coulomb barrier.  
slides icon Slides TH1A03 [3.016 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A03  
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TH1A06 High-Frequency Compact RFQs for Medical and Industrial Applications rfq, proton, linac, dipole 704
 
  • M. Vretenar, V.A. Dimov, M. Garlaschè, A. Grudiev, B. Koubek, A.M. Lombardi, S.J. Mathot, D. Mazur, E. Montesinos, M.A. Timmins
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
 
  CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH1A06  
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TH2A03 Complete Transverse 4D Beam Characterization for Ions Beams at Energies of Few MeV/u emittance, quadrupole, coupling, vacuum 720
 
  • M.T. Maier, X. Du, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, S. Mickat, H. Vormann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  Measurement of the ion beam rms-emittances is done through determination of the second order beam moments. For time being the moments quantifying the amount of inter-plane coupling, as <xy'> for instance, have been accessible to measurements just for very special cases of ions at energies below 200 keV/u using pepperpots. This talk presents successful measurements of all inter-plane coupling moments at 1 to 11 MeV/u. From first principles the used methods are applicable at all ion energies. The first campaign applied skewed quadrupoles in combination with a regular slit/grid emittance measurement device. The second campaign used a rotatable slit/grid device in combination with regular quadrupoles.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH2A03  
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THOP02 Investigation of Nitrogen Absorption Rate and Nitride Growth on SRF Cavity Grade RRR Niobium as a Function of Furnace Temperature niobium, SRF, cavity, injection 744
 
  • A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • M.J. Kelley
    The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
  • J. Tuggle
    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
 
  Funding: Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The current state of the art processing of niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities with nitrogen diffusion is performed at 800C in a furnace with a partial pressure of approximately ~20 mtorr of nitrogen. Multiple studies have shown the bulk of the nitrogen absorbed by the niobium forms a thick (1-3 microns) non-superconducting nitride layer which must be removed to produce optimal RF results. The depth profiling of interstitial nitrogen and surface nitrides has already been probed using SIMS measurements. These measurements have also been modeled by extrapolating data from nitride growth studies performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures above 1000 C (**). One open question is whether there is a diffusion zone at lower temperature in which the niobium will absorb nitrogen but not create a non-superconducting nitride layer; or is the absorption of nitrogen only possible by first forming a nitride buffer layer which then frees up nitrogen for absorption. A systematic study of absorption rate vs. temperature and correlated SIMS measurements needs to be performed to answer this question. We report on the absorption rate vs. temperature from 400 C to 900 C of cavity grade niobium with metallurgically flat witness samples. The witness samples surface depth profile of NbN via SIMS's will be presented and correlated to the absorption.**
* Gonnella et al., Proceedings of SRF2015 Pre-release MOPB042 (2015)
** Tuggle et al., Investigation of Low-Level Nitrogen in Niobium by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, these proceedings (2016)
 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP02  
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THOP08 Beam Commissioning of the i-BNCT Linac linac, target, rfq, ion-source 760
 
  • F. Naito, S. Anami, Z. Fang, K. Futatsukawa, Y. Honda, Y. Hori, M. Kawamura, H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, T. Obina, F. Qiu, Y. Sato, T. Shibata, M. Shimamoto, A. Takagi, E. Takasaki, M. Uota
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • S. Fujikura
    ICEPP, Tokyo, Japan
  • K. Ikegami
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • H. Kumada, Su. Tanaka
    Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Y. Liu, T. Maruta
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • A. Miura
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • N. Nagura, T. Ohba
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
  • T. Onishi
    Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Ouchi
    ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  The beam commissioning of the linac for the boron neutron capture therapy of Ibaraki prefecture (i-BNCT) has been started. The accelerator of i-BNCT consists of the 3-MeV RFQ and 8-MeV DTL. The design of RF structure of them is based on the J-PARC linac. After the first demonstration of neutron production on December 2015, significant modifications to the linac were given in order to increase the operation stability and the beam power. The progress of the beam commissioning of the i-BNCT will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP08  
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THPRC016 Assembling Experience of the First Two HIE-ISOLDE Cryomodules cavity, vacuum, linac, status 805
 
  • M. Therasse, G. Barlow, S. Bizzaglia, O. Capatina, A. Chrul, P. Demarest, J-B. Deschamps, J. Gayde, M. Gourragne, A. Harrison, G. Kautzmann, Y. Leclercq, D. Mergelkuhl, T. Mikkola, A. Miyazaki, V. Parma, J.A.F. Somoza, M. Struik, S. Teixeira L'pez, W. Venturini Delsolaro, L.R. Williams, P. Zhang
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Dequaire
    Intitek, Lyon, France
 
  The assembly of the first two cryomodules (CM1 and CM2) of the new superconducting linear accelerator HIE-ISOLDE (High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE), located downstream of the REX-ISOLDE normal conducting accelerator, started one year and half ago. After a delicate assembly phase in the cleanroom which lasted nine months, the first cryomodule was transported to the ISOLDE hall on 2 May 2015 and coupled to the existing REX-ISOLDE accelerator, increasing the energy of the radioactive ion beams from 2.8 to 4.3 MeV per nucleon. The superconducting linac supplied the CERN-ISOLDE Facility, with radioactive zinc ions until the end of the proton run in November 2015. At the beginning of 2016, the second cryomodule was installed in the machine, increasing the energy to 5.5 MeV per nucleon. During commissioning of the first cryomodule in summer 2015, it was found that the performance of the RF superconductive cavities was limited by the over-heating of their RF couplers. The decision was taken to refurbish CM1 and reinstall it at the end of April. In this paper, we present the challenges faced and the experience gained with the cleanroom assembly of the first two cryomodules, especially the construction of the SC RF cavities and their RF ancillaries.  
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THPRC030 Plasma Window as Charge Stripper Complement plasma, vacuum, electron, interface 836
 
  • A. Lajoie
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • A. Hershcovitch, P. Thieberger
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • F. Marti
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: NSF Cooperative Agreement, Award No. PHY-1102511
Modern ion accelerators, particularly heavy ion accelerators, almost universally make use of charge stripping. A challenge facing facilities, as the demand for higher intensity beams rises, is a stripping media that's highly resistant to degradation, such as a recirculating He gas stripper. A method of keeping the He gas localized in a segment along the beamline by means of a Plasma Window (PW) positioned on both sides of the gas stripper has been proposed and the initial design set forth by Ady Hershcovitch. With a cascaded plasma arc being the interface between high pressure stripper and low pressure beamline, the goal is to minimize gas flowrate from the stripper to the beamline in order to maintain sufficient isolation of the He gas. We present the initial results from the test stand developed at Michigan State University and the planned experimental program that will follow.
 
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THPLR014 Laser-Driven Dielectric Nano-Beam Accelerator for Radiation Biology Researches electron, acceleration, laser, simulation 873
 
  • K. Koyama, M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Z. Chen, H. Okamoto
    The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • M. Uesaka
    The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
 
  Funding: This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (B)(Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) Grant Number 15H03595.
Since a laser-driven dielectric accelerator (LDA) is most likely to deliver a nano-beam with a small scale device, a combination of the LDA and a biological cell observation device such as a fluorescence microscope seems to be a powerful tool for radiation biology researches. The LDA consists of single or a pair of binary-blazed transmission grating. In case of normal incidence, a grating constant must be the same with a laser wavelength to synchronize with the electron and an acceleration field. Although demonstration experiments have been published from SLAC and MPQ, there are many problems to be solved, especially in the non-relativistic energy region. A crucial problem is to make it clear whether electrons are accelerated with negligibly small wiggling or lateral shift. We are simulating at various conditions with the aid of CST-code. We also analyze an oblique incidence (OI) scheme for the efficient acceleration of slow electron. The OI-scheme enables to use the grating of larger grating constant. Adoption of the large grating constant makes it easy to fabricate the grating. Besides analytical works, we are making gratings and developing an Yb-doped fiber laser for the acceleration experiment. Gratings of two different materials, a glass silica and crystal silica, were fabricated by the e-beam lithography technique.
 
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THPLR020 Status and Progress of FRIB High Level Controls controls, database, linac, status 885
 
  • G. Shen, E.T. Berryman, D. Chabot, M.A. Davidsaver, K. Fukushima, Z.Q. He, M. Ikegami, M.G. Konrad, D. Liu, D.G. Maxwell, V. Vuppala
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB, which is a new heavy ion accelerator facility to provide intense beams of rare isotopes, is currently under construction at Michigan State University. Its driver linac accelerates all stable ions up to uranium, and targets to provides a CW beam with the energy of 200 MeV/u and the beam power of 400 kW. The beam commissioning of the its Front-End has been planned to start from Middle of 2016. The high level controls for incoming commissioning is under active development and deployment. The latest status progress will be presented in this paper.
 
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THPLR023 The ARIEL Radioactive Ion Beam Transport System ISAC, target, vacuum, TRIUMF 891
 
  • M. Marchetto, T.J. Alderson, F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, J.D. Chak, P.E. Dirksen, T.G. Emmens, G.W. Hodgson, T. Hruskovec, M. Ilagan, R.E. Laxdal, N. Muller, D. Preddy, D. Rowbotham, S. Saminathan, Q. Temmel, V.A. Verzilov, D. Yosifov
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
 
  The Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) is going to triple the radioactive ion beam (RIB) production at TRIUMF. The facility will enable multi-user capability in the Isotope Separation and ACceleration (ISAC) facility by delivering three RIBs simultaneously. Two new independent target stations will generate RIBs using a proton driver beam up to 50 kW from the 500 MeV cyclotron and an electron driver beam for photo-fission from the new superconducting e-linac in addition to the existing ISAC RIB production. The multi-user capability is enabled by a complex radioactive ion beam transport switchyard consisting entirely of electrostatic optics. This system includes two separation stages at medium and high resolution with the latter achieved by a mass separator designed for an operational resolving power of 20000 for a 3 micrometer transmitted emittance. Part of the system also includes an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) charge breeder fed by a radio frequency cooler that allows the post-acceleration of heavy masses. Beam selection downstream of the EBIS is achieved by means of a Nier type separator. The facility is in a detailed design stage and some tests, procurements and partial installation are foreseen by the end of 2016.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR023  
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THPLR024 SPIRAL2 Project: Integration of the Accelerator Processes, Construction of the Buildings and Process Connections linac, controls, rfq, neutron 894
 
  • P. Anger, P. Bisson, O. Danna, X. Hulin, J.-M. Lagniel, S. Montaigne, F. Perocheau, E. Petit, L. Roupsard
    GANIL, Caen, France
 
  The GANIL SPIRAL 2 Project is based on the construction of a superconducting ion CW LINAC (up to 5 mA - 40 MeV deuteron and 33 MeV proton beams, up to 1 mA - 14.5 MeV/u heavy ion beams) with two experimental areas named S3 ('Super Separator Spectrometer' for very heavy and super heavy element production) and NFS ('Neutron For Science'), The building studies as well as the accelerator and experimental equipment integration started in 2009. The ground breaking started at the end of 2010. The integration task of the different equipments into the buildings is managed by a trade-oriented integration unit gathering the accelerator integration team, the building prime contractor and a dedicated contracting assistant. All work packages are synthesized at the same time using 3D models. 3D tools are used to carry out integration, synthesis, process connections and the preparation of the future assembly. Since 2014, the buildings and process connections are received and the accelerator installation is well advanced. This contribution will describe these 3D tools, the building construction, the process connection status and our experience feedback.  
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THPLR026 Radio Frequency Surface Plasma Source With Solenoidal Magnetic Field plasma, solenoid, ion-source, electron 902
 
  • V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • G. Dudnikova
    UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
  • G. Dudnikova
    ICT SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • B. Han, S. Murrey, C. Stinson
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  Funding: The work was supported in part by US DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant, DE-SC0011323.
Operation of Radio Frequency surfaces plasma sources (RF SPS) with a solenoidal magnetic field are described. RF SPS with solenoidal and saddle antennas are discussed. Dependencies of beam current and extraction current on RF power, gas flow, solenoidal magnetic field are presented.
 
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THPLR029 Update on the SC 325 MHz CH-Cavity and Power Coupler Processing cavity, linac, SRF, heavy-ion 913
 
  • M. Busch, M. Amberg, M. Basten, F.D. Dziuba, P.A. Mundine, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Funding: Work supported by GSI, BMBF Contr. No. 05P15RFRBA
The 325 MHz CH-Cavity which has been developed and successfully vertically tested at the Institute for Applied Physics, Frankfurt, has reached the final production stage. The helium vessel has been welded to the frontal joints of the cavity and further tests in a horizontal environment are in preparation. Furthermore the corresponding power couplers have been conditioned and tested at a dedicated test stand up to the power level of 40 kW (pulsed) for the targeted beam operation. The final step of the whole prototype development is a beam test with a 11.4 AMeV, 10 mA ion beam at GSI, Darmstadt.
 
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THPLR033 R&D Status of the New Superconducting CW Heavy Ion LINAC@GSI cavity, linac, pick-up, heavy-ion 923
 
  • M. Basten, M. Amberg, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, S. Mickat, M. Miski-Oglu
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • M. Heilmann, S. Mickat, S. Yaramyshev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
 
  For future research in the field of Super Heavy Elements (SHE) a superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) ion LINAC with high intensity is highly desirable. Presently a multi-stage R&D program conducted by GSI, HIM and IAP[*] is in progress. The fundamental linac design composes a high performance ion source, a new low energy beam transport line, the High Charge State Injector (HLI) upgraded for cw, and a matching line (1.4 MeV/u) followed by the new sc-DTL LINAC for acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. The successful commissioning of the first Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavity (Demonstrator), in a vertical cryo module, was a major milestone in 2015[**]. The next stage of the new sc cw heavy ion LINAC is the advanced demonstrator comprising a string of cavities and focusing elements build from several short constant-beta sc CH-cavities operated at 217MHz. Currently the first two sc 8 gap CH-cavities are under construction at Research Instruments (RI), Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. The new design without girders and with stiffening brackets at the front and end cap potentially reduces the overall technical risks during the construction phase and the pressure sensitivity of the cavity. The recent status of the construction phase as well as an outlook for further cavity development of the new cw heavy ion LINAC will be presented.
*W.Barth et al.,Further R&D for a new Superconducting cw Heavy Ion LINAC@GSI, IPAC14, THPME004
**F.Dziuba et al.,First Performance Test on the Superconducting 217 MHz CH Cavity at 4K,LINAC16, THPLR033
 
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THPLR040 First Vertical Test of Superconducting QWR Prototype at RIKEN cryomodule, coupling, acceleration, multipactoring 939
 
  • K. Yamada, O. Kamigaito, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, Y. Watanabe
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • E. Kako, H. Nakai, K. Umemori
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • A. Miyamoto, K. Sennyu, T. Yanagisawa
    MHI-MS, Kobe, Japan
 
  Development of a superconducting quarter-wavelength resonator (SC-QWR) was started at RIKEN Nishina Center to realize a low-velocity part of high-intensity ion linac. First prototype of the SC-QWR, frequency of which is 75.5 MHz, is fabricating now*. Preparation of its partial components such as outer conductor, stem, bottom plate, and top plate was almost completed, and we are now studying a low-power RF property by clamping the every components as an assembly to obtain data for frequency tuning. After the adjustment of geometry of components and welding them, surface treatment by buffered chemical polishing and high-pressure rinsing will be performed in the summer. Preparation of vertical test for the SC-QWR is also in progress at KEK. The first result of vertical test for the prototype of SC-QWR will be presented in this contribution. This work was funded by the ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan).
* N. Sakamoto et al., Proceedings of SRF2015, WEBA06.
 
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THPLR042 Beam Dynamics Studies for a Compact Carbon Ion Linac for Therapy linac, DTL, focusing, rfq 946
 
  • A.S. Plastun, B. Mustapha, A. Nassiri, P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • L. Faillace, S.V. Kutsaev, E.A. Savin
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • E.A. Savin
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under Accelerator Stewardship Grant, Proposal No. 0000219678
Feasibility of an Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL) for hadron therapy is being studied at Argonne National Laboratory in collaboration with RadiaBeam Technologies. The 45-meter long linac is designed to deliver 109 carbon ions per second with variable energy from 45 MeV/u to 450 MeV/u. S-band structure provides the acceleration in this range. The carbon beam energy can be adjusted from pulse to pulse, making 3D tumor scanning straightforward and fast. Front end accelerating structures such as RFQ, DTL and coupled DTL are designed to operate at lower frequencies. The design of the linac was accompanied with extensive end-to-end beam dynamics studies which are presented in this paper.
 
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THPLR045 Operation Mode and Machine State Control for FRIB Driver Linac Operation operation, linac, controls, heavy-ion 956
 
  • M. Ikegami, D. Dudley, M.G. Konrad, Z. Li, G. Shen, V. Vuppala
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
FRIB is a heavy ion linac facility to accelerate all stable ions up to 200 MeV/u with the beam power of 400 kW under construction at Michigan State University. It is required for FRIB driver linac to support various modes of operation with different ion species, charge states, beam energy and so on to meet requirements from experiments. In this paper, we describe overall design of operation modes, machine states, and software to manage transitions of those mitigating the risk of machine damage in FRIB.
 
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THPLR059 Status of a 325 MHz High Gradient CH - Cavity cavity, linac, operation, resonance 982
 
  • A. Almomani, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 
  Funding: BMBF with contract number 05P12RFRB9
The reported linac developments aim on compact ion accelerators and on an increase of the effective accelerat-ing field (voltage gain per meter). Within a funded pro-ject, a high gradient Crossbar H-type CH-cavity operat-ed at 325 MHz was developed and successfully built at IAP-Frankfurt. The effective accelerating field for this cavity is expected to reach about 13.3 MV/m at a beam energy of 12.5 AMeV, corresponding to β=0.164. The results from this cavity might influence the later energy upgrade of the Unilac at GSI Darmstadt. The aim is a compact pulsed high current ion accelerator for significantly higher energies up to 200 AMeV. Detailed investigations for two different types of copper plating (high lustre and lustre less) with respect to the high spark limit will be performed on this cavity. The 325 MHz GSI 3 MW klystron test stand is best suited for these investigations. Additionally, operating of normal conducting cavities for the case of very short RF pulses will be discussed at cryogenic temperature.
 
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THPLR061 Research on a Two-beam Type Drift Tube Linac DTL, heavy-ion, cavity, acceleration 989
 
  • L. Lu, C.X. Li, W. Ma, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, X.B. Xu, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • T.L. He
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
  • L. Yang
    USTC, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
 
  The very high intense heavy-ion beam is a high attraction for heavy ion researches and heavy-ion applications, but it is limited by heavy-ion production of ion source and space-charge-effect in acceleration. There is one way, accelerating several heavy-ion beams in one cavity at same time and funneling them, which could achieve the acceleration of very high intense heavy-ion beam with existing ion source and accelerating technology. In this paper, we will introduce our designs, calculations and simulations of a 2-beam type drift tube linac.  
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THPLR064 Design and Simulation of a High Intensity Heavy Ion RFQ Accelerator Injector rfq, dipole, simulation, heavy-ion 999
 
  • W. Ma, Y. He, C.X. Li, L. Lu, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, X.B. Xu, Z.L. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  An 81.25 MHz continuous wave (CW) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been developed for Low Energy Accelerator Facility (LEAF) at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). In the CW operating mode, the proposed RFQ design adopted the conventional four-vane structure. The main design goals are providing the high shunt impendence with low power losses. In the electromagnetic (EM) design, the π-mode stabilizing loops (PISLs) were optimized to produce a good mode separation. The tuners were also designed and optimized to tune frequency and field flatness of the operating mode. The vane undercuts were optimized to provide a flat field along the RFQ cavity. Additionally, a full length model with modulations was set up for the final EM simulations. In this paper, detailed EM design of the LEAF-RFQ will be presented and discussed. Meanwhile, structure error analysis is also studied.  
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FR1A02 Installation and On-Line Commissioning of EBIS at ATLAS electron, rfq, emittance, beam-transport 1022
 
  • P.N. Ostroumov, A. Barcikowski, J.A. Clark, C. Dickerson, M.R. Hendricks, Y. Luo, R.C. Pardo, C.E. Peters, M.A. Power, G. Savard, S.I. Sharamentov, R.C. Vondrasek, G.P. Zinkann
    ANL, Argonne, USA
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
An Electron Beam Ion Source Charge Breeder (EBIS-CB) has been developed at Argonne to breed radioactive beams from the CAlifornium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) facility at ATLAS. The CARIBU EBIS-CB has been successfully commissioned offline with an external singly-charged cesium ion source. The EBIS performance meets the breeding requirements to deliver CARIBU beams to ATLAS. EBIS can provide charge-to-mass ratios >=1/7 for all CARIBU beams with breeding times in the range of 6 ms to 30 ms. A record high breeding efficiency of up to 28% into a single charge state of Cs28+ has been demonstrated. Following the offline testing EBIS was moved to the front end of ATLAS where the alignment of EBIS was substantially improved and additional beam diagnostic tools both for electron and ion beams were installed. This paper will discuss EBIS improvements and present the results of on-line commissioning.
 
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FR1A03 Intense Beam Production of Highly Charged Ions by the Superconducting ECR Ion Source SECRAL for Heavy Ion Linacs ECRIS, ion-source, ECR, linac 1027
 
  • L.T. Sun, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, W. Lu, L.Z. Ma, C. Qian, Z. Shen, W. Wu, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, L. Zhu
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
 
  Superconducting ECR ion source (SC-ECRIS) represents the state of the art technologies of ECR ion sources. Existing SC-ECRISs developed in different labs have contributed significantly for ECRIS technology advancement in the last 15 years. Recently the superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL operated at 24 GHz at IMP has produced many new world recorded beam intensities of highly charged ions due to new technologies applied, such as a new microwave coupling scheme. At the meantime, the world first 4th generation ECR ion source operated at 45 GHz is being developed at IMP. All these developments on intense beam production of highly charged ions with superconducting ECR ion source may play significant roles for the next generation heavy ion linacs such as FRIB and Linac of HIAF project. This paper will report the recent developments of intense highly charged heavy ion beams at IMP and the discussion on perspectives of next generation ECRIS for the future heavy ion liancs.  
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FR1A04 Ion Effects in High Brightness Electron Linac Beams linac, experiment, radiation, electron 1032
 
  • S.J. Full, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, G.H. Hoffstaetter, K. J. Smith
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
 
  Electron beams ionize rest gas particles which then accumulate around them, disturbing beam dynamics and causing background radiation. While this effect has been predicted in the past, linacs have hitherto not suffered from it because of their rather small beam current. The effect of ions increases with larger currents and smaller cross sections of the beam, and it has clearly been observed in Cornell's high-brightness ERL injector for the first time. This presentation will show experimental evidence for ions, demonstrate strategies for their elimination, and will compare the experimental data to theories of beam-ion interactions.  
slides icon Slides FR1A04 [5.995 MB]  
poster icon Poster FR1A04 [2.630 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR1A04  
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