LINAC2016 - List of Keywords (gun)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO2A03	Commissioning and Early Operation of the ARIEL e-Linac	linac, TRIUMF, solenoid, electron	12
	T. Planche, M. Alcorta, F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, C.B. Barquest, B. Humphries, D. Kaltchev, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, Y. Ma, M. Marchetto, S. Saminathan, E. Thoeng TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada P. Jung UW/Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
	The ARIEL electron linac has been added to the TRIUMF facility as a new driver for the production of radioactive isotopes through photo-fission to complement the existing 500 MeV, H^- TRIUMF cyclotron. The electron beam driver is specified as a 50 MeV, 10 mA cw superconducting electron linac at 1.3 GHz. The first 30 MeV stage of the e-linac consisting of two cryomodules is completed. The paper will describe the recent commissioning and early operation results.
	Slides MO2A03 [25.277 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO2A03
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MO2A04	Low Emittance and High Current Electron Linac Development at Tsinghua University	emittance, electron, laser, experiment	17
	C.-X. Tang, H.B. Chen, Z.J. Chi, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, J. Shi, Q.L. Tian, D. Wang, W. Wang, L.X. Yan, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L.M. Zheng, Z. Zhou TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 50MeV electron linac have been developed in Tsinghua University, which consists of a 1.6Cell photocathode rf gun, a 3-meter s-band SLAC type traveling wave (TW) accelerating structure an a s-band TW buncher. The photocathode rf gun is working at 120MV/m, 2856MHz, with very small dark current. The emittance of the electron beam is less than 1mm.mrad at 500pC, and 0.5mm.mrad at 200pC. The linac is designed for Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source (TTX), and 2x10⁷ photon/bunch at 50keV has been got and some application experiments with the x-ray have been carried out. The new photocathode rf gun and x-band high gradient accelerating structure development will also be introducted in this talk.
	Slides MO2A04 [11.413 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO2A04
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MO3A01	Status of SwissFEL	linac, electron, undulator, laser	22
	F. Löhl PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	SwissFEL is a hard x-ray free-electron laser facility that is currently constructed at PSI. This paper gives an overview of the facility, describes the main sub-systems of the accelerator, and summarizes the installation and commissioning status.
	Slides MO3A01 [315.102 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO3A01
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MO3A03	Spaceborne Electron Accelerators	linac, cavity, electron, controls	32
	J.W. Lewellen, C.E. Buechler, G.E. Dale, N.A. Moody, D.C. Nguyen LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	High-power electron beam generators in space will enable the studies of solar and space physics, specifically the interrogation of magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. This study plans to map the magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, using a satellite equipped with an electron beam accelerator that can create a spot in the ionosphere, observable by optical and radar detectors on the ground. To date, a number of spacecraft carrying low-power, <50-keV DC electron beam sources have been launched to study the upper ionosphere. The overall instrument weight will likely be dominated by the weight of the energy storage, the RF power amplifiers and the accelerator structure. We present the notional concept of a quasi-CW, C-band electron accelerator with 1-MeV beam energy, 10-mA beam current, and requiring 40 kW of prime power during operation. Our novel accelerator concept includes the following features: individually powered cavities driven by 6-GHz high-electron mobility transistors (HEMT), passively cooled accelerator structures with heat pipe technology, and active frequency control for operating over a range of temperatures.
	Slides MO3A03 [3.191 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MO3A03
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MOOP05	Dry-Ice Cleaning of RF-Structures at DESY	cavity, niobium, RF-structure, coupling	52
	A. Brinkmann, J. Ziegler DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Dry-Ice cleaning is today a well established cleaning method in matters of reducing harmful dark current and field emission in copper RF-structures like RF-Guns such as for the European XFEL, FLASH and REGAE. This led to the idea to clean longer RF-structures, in particular 3GHz transverse deflecting structures for the European XFEL. We developed a cleaning device with the possibility to clean up to 2 m long structures in horizontal position with an inner diameter of not more than 40 mm. Furthermore this device also allows to clean 9-cell TESLA-type Nb-cavities as well. A report of the technical layout and results of RF-tests will be given.
	Slides MOOP05 [0.969 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP05
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MOOP08	Latest News on High Average RF Power Operation at PITZ	operation, vacuum, cathode, Windows	59
	Y. Renier, G. Asova, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Krasilnikov, O. Lishilin, G. Loisch, D. Melkumyan, A. Oppelt, T. Rublack, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany G. Asova INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, S. Lederer DESY, Hamburg, Germany C. Saisa-ard Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Q.T. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) develops, tests and characterizes high brightness electron sources for FLASH and European XFEL. Since these FELs work with superconducting accelerators in pulsed mode, also the corresponding normal-conducting RF gun has to operate with long RF pulses. Generating high beam quality from the photocathode RF gun in addition requires a high accelerating gradient at the cathode. Therefore, the RF gun has to ensure stable and reliable operation at high average RF power, e.g. 6.5 MW peak power in the gun for 650 μs RF pulse length at 10 Hz repetition rate for the European XFEL. Several RF gun setups have been operated towards these goals over the last years. The latest gun setup was brought into the PITZ tunnel on February 10th 2016 and its RF operation started on March 7th. This setup includes RF gun prototype 4.6 with a new cathode contact spring design and an RF input distribution which consists of an in-vacuum coaxial coupler, an in-vacuum T-combiner and 2 RF windows from DESY production. In this contribution we will summarize the experience from the RF conditioning of this setup towards high average RF power and first experience from the operation with photoelectrons.
	Slides MOOP08 [0.563 MB]
	Poster MOOP08 [0.367 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOOP08
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MOPRC014	Beam Dynamics Simulations of a High Charge S-Band Photoinjector for Electron Beam Imaging Experiments	solenoid, electron, booster, simulation	97
	Y.R. Wang AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S. Cao, Z.M. Zhang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China W. Gai ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	A major challenge for high energy density physics is to measure properties of matter under extreme states of temperature and pressure that only occur in a time scale of 10 ns to 1 μs. Here we propose to use a single shot electron beam from an S-band photoinjector with enough energy to penetrate the material as a diagnostic capable of time resolution (< ns). In this paper, we report on the primary beam dynamics simulation of a S-band photocathode electron gun and accelerator that capable of producing up to 10 nC charge with high enough energy. Optimizations of the system parameters, including gun, focusing solenoid and acceleration field are performed using particle tracking code. The beam-line is designed to be installed in the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) electron accelerator centre for high precision electron imaging experimental studies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC014
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MOPRC023	Semi-3D Beam-Tracking Code for Electron Injectors Using Bulk-to-Point Calculation Technique for Space Charge Fields	emittance, space-charge, electron, simulation	120
	A. Mizuno, H. Hanaki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	A new semi-three-dimensional beam-tracking simulation code for electron injectors using bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields is developed. The calculated space charge fields are not produced by a point charge but a doughnut which has the volume and whose cross-section is ellipsoid. Since the calculation noise which is usually caused by distributions of positions of point charge can be minimized, high accuracy calculation on emittance is realized with small number of electrons. Simultaneously, the calculation time becomes markedly shortened. In this paper, calculation examples for asymmetrical beams are demonstrated by the new code. The accuracy of emittance is also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPRC023
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MOPLR013	Investigations on Electron Beam Imperfections at PITZ	electron, laser, simulation, solenoid	165
	M. Krasilnikov, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, O. Lishilin, G. Loisch, D. Melkumyan, A. Oppelt, G. Pathak, Y. Renier, T. Rublack, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko, Q.T. Zhao DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany G. Asova INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria C. Hernandez-Garcia JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Since more than a decade, the photo injector test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), has developed and optimized high brightness electron sources for modern Free Electros Lasers like FLASH and the European XFEL. Despite a very high performance of the photo injector was experimentally demonstrated, several discrepancies between measurements and beam dynamics simulations have been revealed. Although the optimized measured values of the projected transverse emittance are close to those obtained from the beam dynamics simulations, the corresponding experimental machine parameters show certain systematic deviations from the simulated optimized setup. As a source for these deviations, electron beam imperfections were experimentally investigated. This includes studies on bunch charge production, electron beam imaging using the RF gun with its solenoid, and investigations on the transverse asymmetry of the electron beam generated in a rotationally symmetric gun cavity. Experimental studies were supplied with corresponding beam dynamics simulations. The paper reports on results of these studies.
	Poster MOPLR013 [2.140 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR013
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MOPLR016	Status of the Injection System of the CLARA FEL Test Facility	cavity, FEL, solenoid, cathode	174
	B.L. Militsyn, D. Angal-Kalinin, R.K. Buckley, R.J. Cash, J.A. Clarke, L.S. Cowie, B.D. Fell, P. Goudket, T.J. Jones, K.B. Marinov, P.A. McIntosh, J.W. McKenzie, K.J. Middleman, T.C.Q. Noakes, B.J.A. Shepherd, R. Valizadeh, A.E. Wheelhouse STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom V.V. Paramonov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
	The 250 MeV CLARA FEL test facility is now under construction at Daresbury Laboratory. Electron beam for this facility is provided by two normal conducting S-band photocathode guns: a 10 Hz 2.5 cell gun earlier used as the injector for the VELA machine, and a 400 Hz 1.5 cell gun now under commissioning. At the initial stage of Phase I CLARA will operate with the 10 Hz gun and a 45 MeV 2 m long linac section working as a buncher and/or booster. The beam will be deflected into the existing VELA beamline with an S-bend and directed to the spectrometer line for analysing beam properties or into one of two VELA user areas. The 400 Hz gun will be installed in the VELA beamline for detailed high power RF and beam commissioning in the VELA beam diagnostics suite. As the 400 Hz gun is equipped with an interchangeable photocathode it is possible to investigate different metal photocathodes and select the one providing minimal beam emittance at highest quantum efficiency. A state of the art photocathode preparation system is under commissioning at Daresbury. After commissioning the 400 Hz gun will be installed to the CLARA beam line to deliver high energy, high repetition rate beams for the FEL facility, and the 10 Hz gun will be returned to the VELA beam line.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-MOPLR016
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TU3A01	Beam Commissioning Results From the R&D ERL at BNL	cathode, SRF, laser, cavity	374
	D. Kayran, Z. Altinbas, D.R. Beavis, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, D.M. Gassner, L.R. Hammons, J.P. Jamilkowski, P. K. Kankiya, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, J. Morris, V. Ptitsyn, T. Seda, B. Sheehy, K.S. Smith, E. Wang, W. Xu BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, L.R. Hammons, V. Litvinenko, V. Ptitsyn Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy BNL R&D ERL beam commissioning started in June 2014 []. The key components of R&D ERL are the highly damped 5-cell 704 MHz superconducting RF cavity and the high-current superconducting RF gun. The gun is equipped with a multi-alkaline photocathode insertion system. The first photocurrent from ERL SRF gun has been observed in November 2014. In June 2015 a high charge 0.5nC and 20 uA average current were demonstrated. In July 2015 gun to dump beam test started. The beam was successfully transported from the SRF gun through the injection system, then through the linac to the beam dump. All ERL components have been installed. In October 2015, SRF gun cavity has been found contaminated during severe cathode stalk RF conditioning. This cavity has been sent for repair and modification for later use in low-energy RHIC electron cooler (LEReC)[]. LEReC scheduled to start commissioning in early of 2018. We present our results of BNL ERL beam commissioning, the measured beam properties, the operational status, and future prospects. ) D.Kayran et al., Status and commissioning results of the R&D ERL at BNL. Proc. ERL2015, p. 11-14 **)J. Kewisch et al., ERL for Low Energy Electron Cooling at RHIC (LEReC). Proc. ERL2015, p. 67-71
	Slides TU3A01 [12.502 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TU3A01
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TUOP02	CBETA: The Cornell/BNL 4-Turn ERL with FFAG Return Arcs for eRHIC Prototyping	linac, electron, cryomodule, SRF	384
	G.H. Hoffstaetter, J. Barley, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, R.G. Eichhorn, R.E. Gallagher, C.M. Gulliford, Y. Li, M. Liepe, W. Lou, C.E. Mayes, J.R. Patterson, D.M. Sabol, E.N. Smith, K.W. Smolenski Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA I. Ben-Zvi, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D. Douglas JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Cornell University has prototyped technology essential for any high brightness electron ERL. This includes a DC gun and an SRF injector Linac with world-record current and normalized brightness in a bunch train, a high-current CW cryomodule, a high-power beam stop, and several diagnostics tools for high-current and high-brightness beams, e.g. slid measurements for 6-D phase-space densities, a fast wire scanner for beam profiles, and beam loos diagnostics. All these are now available to equip a one-cryomodule ERL, and laboratory space has been cleared out and is radiation shielded to install this ERL at Cornell. BNL has designed a multi-turn ERL for eRHIC, where beam is transported more than 20 times around the RHIC tunnel. The number of transport lines is minimized by using two non-scaling (NS) FFAG arcs. A collaboration between BNL and Cornell has been formed to investigate the new NS-FFAG optics and the multi-turn eRHIC ERL design by building a 4-turn, one-cryomodule ERL at Cornell. It has a NS-FFAG return loop built with permanent magnets and is meant to accelerate 40mA beam to 200MeV.
	Slides TUOP02 [7.848 MB]
	Poster TUOP02 [13.981 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP02
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TUPRC015	Final Acceptance Test of SRF Photo-Injector Cold String for the BERLinPro Energy Recovery Linac	cavity, cathode, SRF, target	445
	A. Neumann, D. Böhlick, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, F. Göbel, T. Kamps, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, M. Schuster, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Burrill SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA G. Ciovati, P. Kneisel JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA A. Matheisen, M. Schalwat, M. Schmökel DESY, Hamburg, Germany E.N. Zaplatin FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is currently designing and building an high average current all superconducting CW driven ERL as a prototype to demonstrate low normalized beam emittance of 1 mm·mrad at 100mA and short pulses of about 2 ps. In order to achieve these demanding goals HZB started a staged program for developing this class of required high current, high brightness SRF electron sources. In this contribution we will present the current status of the module assembly and testing of the prototype SRF photo-injector cavity cold string. The steps taken to install the cathode insert system with the cavity in the cleanroom and the following horizontal test of the cold string as final acceptance test prior installation into its cryostat are shown. First beam in a dedicated diagnostics teststand called Gunlab are planned for this winter.
	Poster TUPRC015 [2.077 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC015
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TUPRC017	Field Flatness and Frequency Tuning of the CLARA High Repetition Rate Photoinjector	cavity, cathode, coupling, FEL	452
	L.S. Cowie, P. Goudket, B.L. Militsyn STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom T.J. Jones STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom B. Keune RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
	The High Repetition Rate Photoinjector, designed for the CLARA FEL at Daresbury Laboratory, was tuned at the manufacturers for both field flatness and frequency. Due to the high average power in the cavity of 6.8 kW the cavity requires significant cooling, achieved by water channels in the cavity body. These channels prohibit the use of tuning studs to tune the cavity. The cavity was tuned by taking pre-braze clamped low power RF measurements and using the data to trim the cavity cells to the optimum length for both field flatness and frequency. The optimum field flatness is 100% and the design frequency is 2998.5 MHz. Both cells were trimmed in 3 stages, resulting in a post-braze frequency of 2998.51 MHz and field flatness of 98%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC017
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TUPRC021	Low-Temperature Properties of 2.6-Cell Cryogenic C-Band RF-Gun Cold Model Cavity	cavity, cryogenics, experiment, resonance	462
	T. Sakai, M. Inagaki, K. Nakao, K. Nogami, K. Takatsuka, T. Tanaka LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan M.K. Fukuda, D. Satoh, T. Takatomi, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). Development of a cryogenic C-band photocathode RF gun cavity has been conducted at Nihon University in collaboration with KEK. Improved dimensions of the RF input coupler and the 2.6-cell accelerating structure from the first cold model were determined using the 3D simulation code CST Studio. The high-purity copper cavity was fabricated at KEK with ultraprecision machining and diffusion bonding technique. The low level RF properties of the cavity measured at room temperature have been in good agreement with the predictions based on the CST Studio calculation. Preparations for the 20-K cooling tests of the cavity are underway in KEK and Nihon University. The design of the improved cavity and the results of the cold test at low temperature will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPRC021
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TUPLR005	Development of 6 MeV European S-band Side-Coupled Industrial Electron Linear Accelerator at RTX & KAERI	electron, linac, coupling, target	478
	P. Buaphad, S.C. Cha KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea P. Buaphad University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea P. Buaphad RTX, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Y. Kim ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
	There are growing demands on low energy electron linear accelerator (linac) for industrial applications. Most of industrial electron linacs require a compact structure and limited undesirable neutron production to avoid huge lead shielding. Radiation Technology eXcellence (RTX) and Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) have developed a 6 MeV compact side-coupled linac by using 2998 MHz European S-band RF technology to meet those requirements. To design the linac structure, the 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST-MWS) was used for various electromagnetic simulations, and ASTRA code was used for particle beam dynamics simulations. After various optimizations, the shunt impedance of 61 MΩ/m is obtained at 2998.38 MHz. With a peak RF power of 2.2 MW and a 47 cm-long structure, electron beam with a peak current of 150 mA can be accelerated from 25 keV to 6 MeV. For the industrial linac, the electron beam spotsize at an X-ray target, located 5 cm downstream of the linac structure exit should be smaller than 2 mm (FW). In addition, it can supply an X-ray dose rate of 8 Gy/min at 1 m after the X-ray target. In this paper, we describe the design concepts and optimization of the 2998 MHz side-coupled industrial linac structure.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR005
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TUPLR020	Commissioning of the Compact 14MeV LINAC for an FEL-Based THz Source	linac, target, quadrupole, radiation	509
	Y.J. Pei, G. Feng, X.Y. He, Y. Hong, G. Huang, D. Jia, K. Jin, J. Liu, P. Lu, L. Shang, B.G. Sun, Zh. X. Tang, W. Wei, Z. Zhao USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China L. Cao, Q.S. Chen, S. Hu, T. Hu, J. Li, Y.J. Liang, B. Qin, B. Tang, T. Tang, Y.Q. Xiong, Q. Zhang HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China W. Chen, Y.B. Wang, J. Zha Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China G. Feng DESY, Hamburg, Germany Zh. X. Tang DICP, Dalian, People's Republic of China
	Commissioning the compact LINAC of 14Mev for a THz source based on FEL Y.J.Pei National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory, University of Science & Technology of China Abstract The compact LINAC of 14MeV is designed for a FEL which will produce a THz radiation through 30μm to 300μm. The LINAC was composed of a novel EC-ITC-RF gun, constant gradient travelling wave accelerator with a collinear absorbing load, focusing system, RF power system, beam diagnostic system, vacuum system, control system and so on. The LINAC was installed on November of 2014. Last year, we finished the install of the undulator and the optical resonance cavities. Now the LINAC has been testing and commissioning for THz radiation test. So far, the running beam parameters of the LINAC are as the following: Energy is of 13.58MeV macro pulse current is of 655mA macro pulse length of 1.2μsμpulse beam current is of 59A beam length of theμpulse is of 4ps energy spread of 0.33% normal beam emmitance is of 24.1mm.mrad.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUPLR020
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TH3A03	The VELA and CLARA Test Facilities at Daresbury Laboratory	FEL, electron, cavity, laser	734
	P.A. McIntosh, D. Angal-Kalinin, J.A. Clarke, L.S. Cowie, B.D. Fell, S.P. Jamison, B.L. Militsyn, Y.M. Saveliev, D.J. Scott, N. Thompson, P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A. Gleeson, T.J. Jones STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) provides enabling infrastructures targeted at the development and testing of novel and compact accelerator technologies, specifically through partnership with academia and industry, aimed at addressing applications in medicine, health, security, energy and industrial processing. The facility is now fully commissioned and is taking advantage of the variable electron beam parameters to demonstrate new techniques/processes or otherwise develop new technologies for future commercial realization. Examples of which include; electron diffraction and new cargo scanning processes. The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) will be a novel FEL test facility, focused on the generation of ultra-short photon pulses with extreme levels of stability and synchronization. The principal aim is to experimentally demonstrate that sub-cooperation length pulse generation with FELs is viable, and to compare the various schemes being championed. The results will translate directly to existing and future X-ray FELs, enabling attosecond pulse generation. Both the VELA and CLARA facilities are co-located at Daresbury Laboratory and provide the UK with a unique platform for scientific and commercial R&D using ultra-short pulse, high precision electron and photon beams.
	Slides TH3A03 [11.795 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TH3A03
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THOP11	Ultra-Short Bunch Electron Injector for Awake	plasma, electron, wakefield, acceleration	770
	S. Döbert CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The proton driven plasma wake field acceleration experiment AWAKE at CERN will start at the end of this year. In 2017 an S-band electron injector producing bunches of a few ps length will be added to probe the wake fields stimulated by a driving proton beam. In the future this electron injector will have to be upgraded to obtain electron bunches with a length of 100 - 200 fs in order to demonstrate injection into a single bucket of the plasma wave and therefore sustainable acceleration with low energy spread. Target bunch parameters for the study are a bunch charge of 100 pC, 100 fs bunch length, an emittance smaller than 2 mm mrad and a beam energy of 100 MeV. The status of a study to achieve these parameters using X-band accelerator hardware and velocity bunching will be presented.
	Slides THOP11 [2.733 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP11
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THOP12	Electron Linac Upgrade for Thomx Project	linac, emittance, electron, laser	773
	L. Garolfi, C. Bruni, M. El Khaldi LAL, Orsay, France N. Faure, A. Perez Delaume PMB-ALCEN, PEYNIER, France
	The injector Linac for Thomx * consists of an electron gun and S-band accelerating section. The RF gun is a 2.5 cells photo-injector able to provide electron bunches with 5 MeV energy. During the commissioning phase, a standard S-band accelerating section is able to achieve around 50 MeV corresponding to around 45 keV X-rays energy. Since the maximum targeted X-ray energy is 90 keV, the Linac design will provide a beam energy of 70 MeV. The Linac upgrade of the machine covers many different aspects. The purpose is to increase the compactness of the accelerator complex whereas the beam properties for ring injection are kept. A LAL Orsay-PMB ALCEN collaboration has been established. The program foresees the RF design, prototyping and power tests of a high-gradient compact S-band accelerating structure. To fulfill the technical specifications at the interaction point, the Linac must be carefully designed. Beam dynamics simulations have been performed for optimizing the emittance and the energy spread for the ring entrance. The best set of parameters together with the effect of the accelerating section to the beam dynamics at the end of the LINAC will be presented. * A. Variola, et al, "The Thomx Project Status", Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany.
	Slides THOP12 [1.726 MB]
	Poster THOP12 [0.823 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THOP12
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THPLR012	Beam-Loading Compensation of a Multi-Bunch Electron Beam by Using RF Amplitude Modulation in Laser Undulator Compact X-Ray Source (LUCX)	laser, electron, beam-loading, cavity	867
	M.K. Fukuda, S. Araki, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Sakaue Waseda University, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan M. Washio Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We have been developing a compact X-ray source via laser Compton scattering(LCS) at Laser Undulator Compact X-ray source(LUCX) accelerator in KEK. In here, a multi-bunch electron beam is generated by a 3.6cell photo-cathode RF-gun and accelerated to 18-24MeV by a 12cell booster. And then 6-10 keV X-rays are generated by LCS between the beam and a laser pulse stored in a 4-mirror planar optical cavity. Our aim is to take a phase contrast image with Talbot interferometer within a few minutes at present. The target flux of X-ray is 1.7x10⁷ photons/pulse with 10% bandwidth. For an electron beam, the target of the intensity is 500nC/pulse with 1000 bunches at 30 MeV. Presently, we have achieved the generation of 24MeV beam with total charge of 600nC in 1000bunches. The energy difference is within 1.3% peak to peak. The beam-loading is compensated by delta T method and amplitude modulation(AM) of the RF pulse. However there is the energy difference at the RF-gun. It is assumed that this causes the reduction of the X-ray flux due to change of the focused beam size. To reduce the energy difference, AM is also applied to the RF pulse for the gun. We will show the results of the beam-loading compensation and the generation of X-rays. Y. Yokoyama et al. , Proceedings IPAC2011, TUPC059 (2011).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR012
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THPLR013	LEETCHI: The High Current Electron Source for the CLIC Drive Beam Injector	electron, cathode, high-voltage, simulation	870
	K. Pepitone, S. Döbert CERN, Geneva, Switzerland B. Cadilhon, B. Cassany, J. Gardelle CEA, LE BARP cedex, France
	LEETCHI is a source which will produce 140 keV, 5 A, 140 μs electron beams at a repetition rate of 50 Hz. The shot to shot and flat top current stability of this drive beam injector for CLIC has to be better than 0.1% and a geometrical emittance of 14 mm mrad is expected. The development of a high voltage modulator, to achieve those requirements, is ongoing. A small test stand has been built which allows to diagnose and dump the beam produced by the thermionic cathode. The thermionic cathode is equipped with a grid which will allow us to control the current and eventually to have a feedback on the flattop shape. The beam dump, made of graphite, has been designed using two different codes, the Monte Carlo code GEANT4 to simulate the energy deposition and ANSYS used to simulate the thermal resistance of the graphite due to the long pulse duration. The geometry has been optimized with the ray tracing code EGUN and the 2D PIC-code MAGIC. All these simulations allowed us to optimize the geometry of the gun and to develop diagnostics which must survive to the heat deposition. Finally, the first electrical measurements of the beam will be presented.
	Poster THPLR013 [19.847 MB]
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THPLR021	Identification of Emitting Sources of Dark Currents From Gridded Thermionic Electron Gun and Measures to Suppress Dark Currents From Electron Gun in SPring-8 Linear Accelerator	cathode, electron, acceleration, synchrotron	888
	T. Magome, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, S. Suzuki, T. Taniuchi JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	The dark current is emitted from a gridded thermionic electron gun although the grid-electrode potential against the cathode is negative enough to suppress the cathode emission current. This dark current in the SPring-8 linear accelerator caused satellite bunches unignorable for precise experiments in the downstream electron storage ring. The dark current has been investigated by means of our electron-gun test equipment applying a DC accelerator voltage to the electron gun. The investigations revealed that the dark current was generated from the wehnelt electrode, the gird electrode, and the cathode surface. The dark current from the wehnelt electrode was decreased under the measurement limit 2·10^-15 A by replacing the wehnelt and the anode electrodes with new electro-polished ones. The dark current from the cathode surface was reduced by lowering the grid-electrode potential against the cathode down to -160 V. To reduce the dark current from the grid electrode, the surface of the grid electrode was significantly smoothed by electro-polishing.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-THPLR021
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FR2A01	Status of the PAL-XFEL	undulator, FEL, linac, cavity	1042
	H.-S. Kang, D.E. Kim, K.W. Kim, I.S. Ko, T.-Y. Koo, H.-S. Lee, K.-H. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	The construction of the PAL-XFEL was completed at the end of 2015 and the FEL commissioning started from the beginning of 2016. The commissioning aims for the lasing of 0.5 nm FEL in the first campaign by July 2016, and for the lasing of 0.1 nm hard X-ray FEL in the second campaign by December 2016. The commissioning results of the 0.5 nm FEL lasing will be presented.
	Slides FR2A01 [92.474 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-FR2A01
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO2A03

Commissioning and Early Operation of the ARIEL e-Linac

linac, TRIUMF, solenoid, electron

12

T. Planche, M. Alcorta, F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, C.B. Barquest, B. Humphries, D. Kaltchev, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, Y. Ma, M. Marchetto, S. Saminathan, E. Thoeng
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
P. Jung
UW/Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

The ARIEL electron linac has been added to the TRIUMF facility as a new driver for the production of radioactive isotopes through photo-fission to complement the existing 500 MeV, H^- TRIUMF cyclotron. The electron beam driver is specified as a 50 MeV, 10 mA cw superconducting electron linac at 1.3 GHz. The first 30 MeV stage of the e-linac consisting of two cryomodules is completed. The paper will describe the recent commissioning and early operation results.

Slides MO2A03 [25.277 MB]

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MO2A04

Low Emittance and High Current Electron Linac Development at Tsinghua University

emittance, electron, laser, experiment

17

C.-X. Tang, H.B. Chen, Z.J. Chi, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, J. Shi, Q.L. Tian, D. Wang, W. Wang, L.X. Yan, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L.M. Zheng, Z. Zhou
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 50MeV electron linac have been developed in Tsinghua University, which consists of a 1.6Cell photocathode rf gun, a 3-meter s-band SLAC type traveling wave (TW) accelerating structure an a s-band TW buncher. The photocathode rf gun is working at 120MV/m, 2856MHz, with very small dark current. The emittance of the electron beam is less than 1mm.mrad at 500pC, and 0.5mm.mrad at 200pC. The linac is designed for Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source (TTX), and 2x10⁷ photon/bunch at 50keV has been got and some application experiments with the x-ray have been carried out. The new photocathode rf gun and x-band high gradient accelerating structure development will also be introducted in this talk.

Slides MO2A04 [11.413 MB]

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MO3A01

Status of SwissFEL

linac, electron, undulator, laser

22

F. Löhl
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

SwissFEL is a hard x-ray free-electron laser facility that is currently constructed at PSI. This paper gives an overview of the facility, describes the main sub-systems of the accelerator, and summarizes the installation and commissioning status.

Slides MO3A01 [315.102 MB]

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MO3A03

Spaceborne Electron Accelerators

linac, cavity, electron, controls

32

J.W. Lewellen, C.E. Buechler, G.E. Dale, N.A. Moody, D.C. Nguyen
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

High-power electron beam generators in space will enable the studies of solar and space physics, specifically the interrogation of magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. This study plans to map the magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, using a satellite equipped with an electron beam accelerator that can create a spot in the ionosphere, observable by optical and radar detectors on the ground. To date, a number of spacecraft carrying low-power, <50-keV DC electron beam sources have been launched to study the upper ionosphere. The overall instrument weight will likely be dominated by the weight of the energy storage, the RF power amplifiers and the accelerator structure. We present the notional concept of a quasi-CW, C-band electron accelerator with 1-MeV beam energy, 10-mA beam current, and requiring 40 kW of prime power during operation. Our novel accelerator concept includes the following features: individually powered cavities driven by 6-GHz high-electron mobility transistors (HEMT), passively cooled accelerator structures with heat pipe technology, and active frequency control for operating over a range of temperatures.

Slides MO3A03 [3.191 MB]

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MOOP05

Dry-Ice Cleaning of RF-Structures at DESY

cavity, niobium, RF-structure, coupling

52

A. Brinkmann, J. Ziegler
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Dry-Ice cleaning is today a well established cleaning method in matters of reducing harmful dark current and field emission in copper RF-structures like RF-Guns such as for the European XFEL, FLASH and REGAE. This led to the idea to clean longer RF-structures, in particular 3GHz transverse deflecting structures for the European XFEL. We developed a cleaning device with the possibility to clean up to 2 m long structures in horizontal position with an inner diameter of not more than 40 mm. Furthermore this device also allows to clean 9-cell TESLA-type Nb-cavities as well. A report of the technical layout and results of RF-tests will be given.

Slides MOOP05 [0.969 MB]

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MOOP08

Latest News on High Average RF Power Operation at PITZ

operation, vacuum, cathode, Windows

59

Y. Renier, G. Asova, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, M. Krasilnikov, O. Lishilin, G. Loisch, D. Melkumyan, A. Oppelt, T. Rublack, F. Stephan
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
G. Asova
INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria
M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, S. Lederer
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
C. Saisa-ard
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Q.T. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) develops, tests and characterizes high brightness electron sources for FLASH and European XFEL. Since these FELs work with superconducting accelerators in pulsed mode, also the corresponding normal-conducting RF gun has to operate with long RF pulses. Generating high beam quality from the photocathode RF gun in addition requires a high accelerating gradient at the cathode. Therefore, the RF gun has to ensure stable and reliable operation at high average RF power, e.g. 6.5 MW peak power in the gun for 650 μs RF pulse length at 10 Hz repetition rate for the European XFEL. Several RF gun setups have been operated towards these goals over the last years. The latest gun setup was brought into the PITZ tunnel on February 10th 2016 and its RF operation started on March 7th. This setup includes RF gun prototype 4.6 with a new cathode contact spring design and an RF input distribution which consists of an in-vacuum coaxial coupler, an in-vacuum T-combiner and 2 RF windows from DESY production. In this contribution we will summarize the experience from the RF conditioning of this setup towards high average RF power and first experience from the operation with photoelectrons.

Slides MOOP08 [0.563 MB]

Poster MOOP08 [0.367 MB]

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MOPRC014

Beam Dynamics Simulations of a High Charge S-Band Photoinjector for Electron Beam Imaging Experiments

solenoid, electron, booster, simulation

97

Y.R. Wang
AAI/ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Cao, Z.M. Zhang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
W. Gai
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

A major challenge for high energy density physics is to measure properties of matter under extreme states of temperature and pressure that only occur in a time scale of 10 ns to 1 μs. Here we propose to use a single shot electron beam from an S-band photoinjector with enough energy to penetrate the material as a diagnostic capable of time resolution (< ns). In this paper, we report on the primary beam dynamics simulation of a S-band photocathode electron gun and accelerator that capable of producing up to 10 nC charge with high enough energy. Optimizations of the system parameters, including gun, focusing solenoid and acceleration field are performed using particle tracking code. The beam-line is designed to be installed in the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) electron accelerator centre for high precision electron imaging experimental studies.

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MOPRC023

Semi-3D Beam-Tracking Code for Electron Injectors Using Bulk-to-Point Calculation Technique for Space Charge Fields

emittance, space-charge, electron, simulation

120

A. Mizuno, H. Hanaki
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

A new semi-three-dimensional beam-tracking simulation code for electron injectors using bulk-to-point calculation technique for space charge fields is developed. The calculated space charge fields are not produced by a point charge but a doughnut which has the volume and whose cross-section is ellipsoid. Since the calculation noise which is usually caused by distributions of positions of point charge can be minimized, high accuracy calculation on emittance is realized with small number of electrons. Simultaneously, the calculation time becomes markedly shortened. In this paper, calculation examples for asymmetrical beams are demonstrated by the new code. The accuracy of emittance is also discussed.

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MOPLR013

Investigations on Electron Beam Imperfections at PITZ

electron, laser, simulation, solenoid

165

M. Krasilnikov, P. Boonpornprasert, J.D. Good, M. Groß, H. Huck, I.I. Isaev, D.K. Kalantaryan, O. Lishilin, G. Loisch, D. Melkumyan, A. Oppelt, G. Pathak, Y. Renier, T. Rublack, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko, Q.T. Zhao
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
G. Asova
INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria
C. Hernandez-Garcia
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Since more than a decade, the photo injector test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ), has developed and optimized high brightness electron sources for modern Free Electros Lasers like FLASH and the European XFEL. Despite a very high performance of the photo injector was experimentally demonstrated, several discrepancies between measurements and beam dynamics simulations have been revealed. Although the optimized measured values of the projected transverse emittance are close to those obtained from the beam dynamics simulations, the corresponding experimental machine parameters show certain systematic deviations from the simulated optimized setup. As a source for these deviations, electron beam imperfections were experimentally investigated. This includes studies on bunch charge production, electron beam imaging using the RF gun with its solenoid, and investigations on the transverse asymmetry of the electron beam generated in a rotationally symmetric gun cavity. Experimental studies were supplied with corresponding beam dynamics simulations. The paper reports on results of these studies.

Poster MOPLR013 [2.140 MB]

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MOPLR016

Status of the Injection System of the CLARA FEL Test Facility

cavity, FEL, solenoid, cathode

174

B.L. Militsyn, D. Angal-Kalinin, R.K. Buckley, R.J. Cash, J.A. Clarke, L.S. Cowie, B.D. Fell, P. Goudket, T.J. Jones, K.B. Marinov, P.A. McIntosh, J.W. McKenzie, K.J. Middleman, T.C.Q. Noakes, B.J.A. Shepherd, R. Valizadeh, A.E. Wheelhouse
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
V.V. Paramonov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

The 250 MeV CLARA FEL test facility is now under construction at Daresbury Laboratory. Electron beam for this facility is provided by two normal conducting S-band photocathode guns: a 10 Hz 2.5 cell gun earlier used as the injector for the VELA machine, and a 400 Hz 1.5 cell gun now under commissioning. At the initial stage of Phase I CLARA will operate with the 10 Hz gun and a 45 MeV 2 m long linac section working as a buncher and/or booster. The beam will be deflected into the existing VELA beamline with an S-bend and directed to the spectrometer line for analysing beam properties or into one of two VELA user areas. The 400 Hz gun will be installed in the VELA beamline for detailed high power RF and beam commissioning in the VELA beam diagnostics suite. As the 400 Hz gun is equipped with an interchangeable photocathode it is possible to investigate different metal photocathodes and select the one providing minimal beam emittance at highest quantum efficiency. A state of the art photocathode preparation system is under commissioning at Daresbury. After commissioning the 400 Hz gun will be installed to the CLARA beam line to deliver high energy, high repetition rate beams for the FEL facility, and the 10 Hz gun will be returned to the VELA beam line.

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TU3A01

Beam Commissioning Results From the R&D ERL at BNL

cathode, SRF, laser, cavity

374

D. Kayran, Z. Altinbas, D.R. Beavis, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, D.M. Gassner, L.R. Hammons, J.P. Jamilkowski, P. K. Kankiya, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, J. Morris, V. Ptitsyn, T. Seda, B. Sheehy, K.S. Smith, E. Wang, W. Xu
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, L.R. Hammons, V. Litvinenko, V. Ptitsyn
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
BNL R&D ERL beam commissioning started in June 2014 [*]. The key components of R&D ERL are the highly damped 5-cell 704 MHz superconducting RF cavity and the high-current superconducting RF gun. The gun is equipped with a multi-alkaline photocathode insertion system. The first photocurrent from ERL SRF gun has been observed in November 2014. In June 2015 a high charge 0.5nC and 20 uA average current were demonstrated. In July 2015 gun to dump beam test started. The beam was successfully transported from the SRF gun through the injection system, then through the linac to the beam dump. All ERL components have been installed. In October 2015, SRF gun cavity has been found contaminated during severe cathode stalk RF conditioning. This cavity has been sent for repair and modification for later use in low-energy RHIC electron cooler (LEReC)[**]. LEReC scheduled to start commissioning in early of 2018. We present our results of BNL ERL beam commissioning, the measured beam properties, the operational status, and future prospects.
*) D.Kayran et al., Status and commissioning results of the R&D ERL at BNL. Proc. ERL2015, p. 11-14
**)J. Kewisch et al., ERL for Low Energy Electron Cooling at RHIC (LEReC). Proc. ERL2015, p. 67-71

Slides TU3A01 [12.502 MB]

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TUOP02

CBETA: The Cornell/BNL 4-Turn ERL with FFAG Return Arcs for eRHIC Prototyping

linac, electron, cryomodule, SRF

384

G.H. Hoffstaetter, J. Barley, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, R.G. Eichhorn, R.E. Gallagher, C.M. Gulliford, Y. Li, M. Liepe, W. Lou, C.E. Mayes, J.R. Patterson, D.M. Sabol, E.N. Smith, K.W. Smolenski
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
I. Ben-Zvi, J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D. Douglas
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Cornell University has prototyped technology essential for any high brightness electron ERL. This includes a DC gun and an SRF injector Linac with world-record current and normalized brightness in a bunch train, a high-current CW cryomodule, a high-power beam stop, and several diagnostics tools for high-current and high-brightness beams, e.g. slid measurements for 6-D phase-space densities, a fast wire scanner for beam profiles, and beam loos diagnostics. All these are now available to equip a one-cryomodule ERL, and laboratory space has been cleared out and is radiation shielded to install this ERL at Cornell. BNL has designed a multi-turn ERL for eRHIC, where beam is transported more than 20 times around the RHIC tunnel. The number of transport lines is minimized by using two non-scaling (NS) FFAG arcs. A collaboration between BNL and Cornell has been formed to investigate the new NS-FFAG optics and the multi-turn eRHIC ERL design by building a 4-turn, one-cryomodule ERL at Cornell. It has a NS-FFAG return loop built with permanent magnets and is meant to accelerate 40mA beam to 200MeV.

Slides TUOP02 [7.848 MB]

Poster TUOP02 [13.981 MB]

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TUPRC015

Final Acceptance Test of SRF Photo-Injector Cold String for the BERLinPro Energy Recovery Linac

cavity, cathode, SRF, target

445

A. Neumann, D. Böhlick, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, F. Göbel, T. Kamps, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, M. Schuster, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Burrill
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
G. Ciovati, P. Kneisel
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
A. Matheisen, M. Schalwat, M. Schmökel
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
E.N. Zaplatin
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is currently designing and building an high average current all superconducting CW driven ERL as a prototype to demonstrate low normalized beam emittance of 1 mm·mrad at 100mA and short pulses of about 2 ps. In order to achieve these demanding goals HZB started a staged program for developing this class of required high current, high brightness SRF electron sources. In this contribution we will present the current status of the module assembly and testing of the prototype SRF photo-injector cavity cold string. The steps taken to install the cathode insert system with the cavity in the cleanroom and the following horizontal test of the cold string as final acceptance test prior installation into its cryostat are shown. First beam in a dedicated diagnostics teststand called Gunlab are planned for this winter.

Poster TUPRC015 [2.077 MB]

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TUPRC017

Field Flatness and Frequency Tuning of the CLARA High Repetition Rate Photoinjector

cavity, cathode, coupling, FEL

452

L.S. Cowie, P. Goudket, B.L. Militsyn
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
T.J. Jones
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
B. Keune
RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

The High Repetition Rate Photoinjector, designed for the CLARA FEL at Daresbury Laboratory, was tuned at the manufacturers for both field flatness and frequency. Due to the high average power in the cavity of 6.8 kW the cavity requires significant cooling, achieved by water channels in the cavity body. These channels prohibit the use of tuning studs to tune the cavity. The cavity was tuned by taking pre-braze clamped low power RF measurements and using the data to trim the cavity cells to the optimum length for both field flatness and frequency. The optimum field flatness is 100% and the design frequency is 2998.5 MHz. Both cells were trimmed in 3 stages, resulting in a post-braze frequency of 2998.51 MHz and field flatness of 98%.

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TUPRC021

Low-Temperature Properties of 2.6-Cell Cryogenic C-Band RF-Gun Cold Model Cavity

cavity, cryogenics, experiment, resonance

462

T. Sakai, M. Inagaki, K. Nakao, K. Nogami, K. Takatsuka, T. Tanaka
LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
M.K. Fukuda, D. Satoh, T. Takatomi, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Work supported by the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT).
Development of a cryogenic C-band photocathode RF gun cavity has been conducted at Nihon University in collaboration with KEK. Improved dimensions of the RF input coupler and the 2.6-cell accelerating structure from the first cold model were determined using the 3D simulation code CST Studio. The high-purity copper cavity was fabricated at KEK with ultraprecision machining and diffusion bonding technique. The low level RF properties of the cavity measured at room temperature have been in good agreement with the predictions based on the CST Studio calculation. Preparations for the 20-K cooling tests of the cavity are underway in KEK and Nihon University. The design of the improved cavity and the results of the cold test at low temperature will be discussed.

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TUPLR005

Development of 6 MeV European S-band Side-Coupled Industrial Electron Linear Accelerator at RTX & KAERI

electron, linac, coupling, target

478

P. Buaphad, S.C. Cha
KAERI, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
P. Buaphad
University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
P. Buaphad
RTX, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Y. Kim
ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA

There are growing demands on low energy electron linear accelerator (linac) for industrial applications. Most of industrial electron linacs require a compact structure and limited undesirable neutron production to avoid huge lead shielding. Radiation Technology eXcellence (RTX) and Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) have developed a 6 MeV compact side-coupled linac by using 2998 MHz European S-band RF technology to meet those requirements. To design the linac structure, the 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST-MWS) was used for various electromagnetic simulations, and ASTRA code was used for particle beam dynamics simulations. After various optimizations, the shunt impedance of 61 MΩ/m is obtained at 2998.38 MHz. With a peak RF power of 2.2 MW and a 47 cm-long structure, electron beam with a peak current of 150 mA can be accelerated from 25 keV to 6 MeV. For the industrial linac, the electron beam spotsize at an X-ray target, located 5 cm downstream of the linac structure exit should be smaller than 2 mm (FW). In addition, it can supply an X-ray dose rate of 8 Gy/min at 1 m after the X-ray target. In this paper, we describe the design concepts and optimization of the 2998 MHz side-coupled industrial linac structure.

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TUPLR020

Commissioning of the Compact 14MeV LINAC for an FEL-Based THz Source

linac, target, quadrupole, radiation

509

Y.J. Pei, G. Feng, X.Y. He, Y. Hong, G. Huang, D. Jia, K. Jin, J. Liu, P. Lu, L. Shang, B.G. Sun, Zh. X. Tang, W. Wei, Z. Zhao
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
L. Cao, Q.S. Chen, S. Hu, T. Hu, J. Li, Y.J. Liang, B. Qin, B. Tang, T. Tang, Y.Q. Xiong, Q. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
W. Chen, Y.B. Wang, J. Zha
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
G. Feng
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Zh. X. Tang
DICP, Dalian, People's Republic of China

Commissioning the compact LINAC of 14Mev for a THz source based on FEL Y.J.Pei National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory, University of Science & Technology of China Abstract The compact LINAC of 14MeV is designed for a FEL which will produce a THz radiation through 30μm to 300μm. The LINAC was composed of a novel EC-ITC-RF gun, constant gradient travelling wave accelerator with a collinear absorbing load, focusing system, RF power system, beam diagnostic system, vacuum system, control system and so on. The LINAC was installed on November of 2014. Last year, we finished the install of the undulator and the optical resonance cavities. Now the LINAC has been testing and commissioning for THz radiation test. So far, the running beam parameters of the LINAC are as the following: Energy is of 13.58MeV macro pulse current is of 655mA macro pulse length of 1.2μsμpulse beam current is of 59A beam length of theμpulse is of 4ps energy spread of 0.33% normal beam emmitance is of 24.1mm.mrad.

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TH3A03

The VELA and CLARA Test Facilities at Daresbury Laboratory

FEL, electron, cavity, laser

734

P.A. McIntosh, D. Angal-Kalinin, J.A. Clarke, L.S. Cowie, B.D. Fell, S.P. Jamison, B.L. Militsyn, Y.M. Saveliev, D.J. Scott, N. Thompson, P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Gleeson, T.J. Jones
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) provides enabling infrastructures targeted at the development and testing of novel and compact accelerator technologies, specifically through partnership with academia and industry, aimed at addressing applications in medicine, health, security, energy and industrial processing. The facility is now fully commissioned and is taking advantage of the variable electron beam parameters to demonstrate new techniques/processes or otherwise develop new technologies for future commercial realization. Examples of which include; electron diffraction and new cargo scanning processes. The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) will be a novel FEL test facility, focused on the generation of ultra-short photon pulses with extreme levels of stability and synchronization. The principal aim is to experimentally demonstrate that sub-cooperation length pulse generation with FELs is viable, and to compare the various schemes being championed. The results will translate directly to existing and future X-ray FELs, enabling attosecond pulse generation. Both the VELA and CLARA facilities are co-located at Daresbury Laboratory and provide the UK with a unique platform for scientific and commercial R&D using ultra-short pulse, high precision electron and photon beams.

Slides TH3A03 [11.795 MB]

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THOP11

Ultra-Short Bunch Electron Injector for Awake

plasma, electron, wakefield, acceleration

770

S. Döbert
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The proton driven plasma wake field acceleration experiment AWAKE at CERN will start at the end of this year. In 2017 an S-band electron injector producing bunches of a few ps length will be added to probe the wake fields stimulated by a driving proton beam. In the future this electron injector will have to be upgraded to obtain electron bunches with a length of 100 - 200 fs in order to demonstrate injection into a single bucket of the plasma wave and therefore sustainable acceleration with low energy spread. Target bunch parameters for the study are a bunch charge of 100 pC, 100 fs bunch length, an emittance smaller than 2 mm mrad and a beam energy of 100 MeV. The status of a study to achieve these parameters using X-band accelerator hardware and velocity bunching will be presented.

Slides THOP11 [2.733 MB]

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THOP12

Electron Linac Upgrade for Thomx Project

linac, emittance, electron, laser

773

L. Garolfi, C. Bruni, M. El Khaldi
LAL, Orsay, France
N. Faure, A. Perez Delaume
PMB-ALCEN, PEYNIER, France

The injector Linac for Thomx * consists of an electron gun and S-band accelerating section. The RF gun is a 2.5 cells photo-injector able to provide electron bunches with 5 MeV energy. During the commissioning phase, a standard S-band accelerating section is able to achieve around 50 MeV corresponding to around 45 keV X-rays energy. Since the maximum targeted X-ray energy is 90 keV, the Linac design will provide a beam energy of 70 MeV. The Linac upgrade of the machine covers many different aspects. The purpose is to increase the compactness of the accelerator complex whereas the beam properties for ring injection are kept. A LAL Orsay-PMB ALCEN collaboration has been established. The program foresees the RF design, prototyping and power tests of a high-gradient compact S-band accelerating structure. To fulfill the technical specifications at the interaction point, the Linac must be carefully designed. Beam dynamics simulations have been performed for optimizing the emittance and the energy spread for the ring entrance. The best set of parameters together with the effect of the accelerating section to the beam dynamics at the end of the LINAC will be presented.
* A. Variola, et al, "The Thomx Project Status", Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany.

Slides THOP12 [1.726 MB]

Poster THOP12 [0.823 MB]

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THPLR012

Beam-Loading Compensation of a Multi-Bunch Electron Beam by Using RF Amplitude Modulation in Laser Undulator Compact X-Ray Source (LUCX)

laser, electron, beam-loading, cavity

867

M.K. Fukuda, S. Araki, Y. Honda, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Sakaue
Waseda University, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan
M. Washio
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
We have been developing a compact X-ray source via laser Compton scattering(LCS) at Laser Undulator Compact X-ray source(LUCX) accelerator in KEK. In here, a multi-bunch electron beam is generated by a 3.6cell photo-cathode RF-gun and accelerated to 18-24MeV by a 12cell booster. And then 6-10 keV X-rays are generated by LCS between the beam and a laser pulse stored in a 4-mirror planar optical cavity. Our aim is to take a phase contrast image with Talbot interferometer within a few minutes at present. The target flux of X-ray is 1.7x10⁷ photons/pulse with 10% bandwidth. For an electron beam, the target of the intensity is 500nC/pulse with 1000 bunches at 30 MeV. Presently, we have achieved the generation of 24MeV beam with total charge of 600nC in 1000bunches. The energy difference is within 1.3% peak to peak. The beam-loading is compensated by delta T method and amplitude modulation(AM) of the RF pulse*. However there is the energy difference at the RF-gun. It is assumed that this causes the reduction of the X-ray flux due to change of the focused beam size. To reduce the energy difference, AM is also applied to the RF pulse for the gun. We will show the results of the beam-loading compensation and the generation of X-rays.
* Y. Yokoyama et al. , Proceedings IPAC2011, TUPC059 (2011).

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THPLR013

LEETCHI: The High Current Electron Source for the CLIC Drive Beam Injector

electron, cathode, high-voltage, simulation

870

K. Pepitone, S. Döbert
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Cadilhon, B. Cassany, J. Gardelle
CEA, LE BARP cedex, France

LEETCHI is a source which will produce 140 keV, 5 A, 140 μs electron beams at a repetition rate of 50 Hz. The shot to shot and flat top current stability of this drive beam injector for CLIC has to be better than 0.1% and a geometrical emittance of 14 mm mrad is expected. The development of a high voltage modulator, to achieve those requirements, is ongoing. A small test stand has been built which allows to diagnose and dump the beam produced by the thermionic cathode. The thermionic cathode is equipped with a grid which will allow us to control the current and eventually to have a feedback on the flattop shape. The beam dump, made of graphite, has been designed using two different codes, the Monte Carlo code GEANT4 to simulate the energy deposition and ANSYS used to simulate the thermal resistance of the graphite due to the long pulse duration. The geometry has been optimized with the ray tracing code EGUN and the 2D PIC-code MAGIC. All these simulations allowed us to optimize the geometry of the gun and to develop diagnostics which must survive to the heat deposition. Finally, the first electrical measurements of the beam will be presented.

Poster THPLR013 [19.847 MB]

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THPLR021

Identification of Emitting Sources of Dark Currents From Gridded Thermionic Electron Gun and Measures to Suppress Dark Currents From Electron Gun in SPring-8 Linear Accelerator

cathode, electron, acceleration, synchrotron

888

T. Magome, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, S. Suzuki, T. Taniuchi
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

The dark current is emitted from a gridded thermionic electron gun although the grid-electrode potential against the cathode is negative enough to suppress the cathode emission current. This dark current in the SPring-8 linear accelerator caused satellite bunches unignorable for precise experiments in the downstream electron storage ring. The dark current has been investigated by means of our electron-gun test equipment applying a DC accelerator voltage to the electron gun. The investigations revealed that the dark current was generated from the wehnelt electrode, the gird electrode, and the cathode surface. The dark current from the wehnelt electrode was decreased under the measurement limit 2·10^-15 A by replacing the wehnelt and the anode electrodes with new electro-polished ones. The dark current from the cathode surface was reduced by lowering the grid-electrode potential against the cathode down to -160 V. To reduce the dark current from the grid electrode, the surface of the grid electrode was significantly smoothed by electro-polishing.

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FR2A01

Status of the PAL-XFEL

undulator, FEL, linac, cavity

1042

H.-S. Kang, D.E. Kim, K.W. Kim, I.S. Ko, T.-Y. Koo, H.-S. Lee, K.-H. Park
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

The construction of the PAL-XFEL was completed at the end of 2015 and the FEL commissioning started from the beginning of 2016. The commissioning aims for the lasing of 0.5 nm FEL in the first campaign by July 2016, and for the lasing of 0.1 nm hard X-ray FEL in the second campaign by December 2016. The commissioning results of the 0.5 nm FEL lasing will be presented.

Slides FR2A01 [92.474 MB]

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