IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (controls)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPAB009	Review of the Fixed Target Operation at RHIC in 2020	target, experiment, operation, kicker	69
	C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. As part of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) physics program, RHIC operated in Fixed Target mode at various beam energies in 2020. The fixed target experiment, achieved by scraping the beam halo of the circulating beam on a gold ring inserted in the beam pipe upstream of the experimental detectors, extends the range of the center-of-mass energy for BES. The machine configuration, control of rates, and results of the fixed target experiment operation in 2020 will be presented in this report.
	Poster MOPAB009 [2.913 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB009
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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MOPAB029	Burn-Off with Asymmetric Interaction Points	luminosity, emittance, experiment, simulation	138
	R. Tomás García, I. Efthymiopoulos, G. Iadarola CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	LHC can host above 2700 proton bunches per ring providing collisions in the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE interaction points. ATLAS and CMS are placed symmetrically so that they feature the same colliding bunch pairs. However this is not the case for LHCb, hence introducing unwanted bunch-by-bunch variations of the bunch intensity as the physics fill evolves. We present first analytical derivations, numerical simulations and experimental data in different bunch train collision configurations.
	Poster MOPAB029 [1.502 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB029
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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MOPAB030	Research and Development Progress of CEPC RF Shield Bellows	vacuum, positron, impedance, electron	142
	J.M. Liu, Y.H. Guan, S.M. Liu, B. Tan, P.C. Wang DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China H. Dong, Y. Ma IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China H.Y. He, T. Huang IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The circular electron positron collider (CEPC) is a candidate for the next-generation electron positron collider, which can be used to accurately measure the Higgs and electroweak bosons. The RF shield bellow is a vacuum component necessary for the construction of CEPC. Therefore, a RF shield bellow model machine with an elliptical cross-section was designed and processed for technical verification. Based on the traditional interdigital structure, a special contact force testing device was also designed to reduce measurement errors. The on-off status of the circuit was used by the device to determine whether the spring finger was pulled up, thus reducing the influences of human factors in the measurement process. It can be known from the measurement results of the model machine that the contact force of the spring finger is between 120g and 130g, which can satisfy the technical requirements.
	Poster MOPAB030 [1.467 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB030
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB047	A CAD Tool for Linear Optics Design: A Use Case Approach	software, MMI, optics, GUI	205
	J. Bengtsson HZB, Berlin, Germany T.J.R. Nicholls, W.A.H. Rogers DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The formula relevant for linear optics design of synchrotrons are derived systematically from first principles, i.e., an exercise in Hamiltonian dynamics. Equipped with these, the relevant use cases are then captured; for a streamlined approach. To enable professionals, i.e., software engineers, to efficiently prototype & architect a CAD tool available to mechanical engineers since the mid-1960s. In other words, robust design of a modern synchrotron is an exercise in/pursuit of the art of Engineering-Science.
	Poster MOPAB047 [1.059 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB047
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB048	Robust Design and Control of the Nonlinear Dynamics for BESSY-III	lattice, optics, sextupole, synchrotron	209
	J. Bengtsson, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The design philosophy for a robust prototype lattice design for BESSY III, i.e., that is insensitive to small parameter changes, e.g. engineering tolerances - based on a higher-order-achromat, a la: SLS, NSLS-II, MAX IV, and SLS 2 - is outlined & presented. As usual, a well optimized design requires a clear understanding of the end-user requirements and close collaboration between the linear optics designer and nonlinear dynamics specialist for a systems approach.
	Poster MOPAB048 [1.202 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB048
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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MOPAB124	APS Booster Injection Horizontal Trajectory Control Upgrade	injection, booster, timing, operation	449
	C. Yao, J.R. Calvey, G.I. Fystro, A.F. Pietryla, H. Shang ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: * Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO₂-O6CH11357. The APS booster is a 7-GeV electron synchrotron with a 0.5-second cycle. The booster runs a set of injection control programs that correct the beam trajectory in the horizontal and longitudinal planes, and the betatron tunes. Recently we developed a single-turn BPM controllaw program for horizontal trajectory control to replace the previous FFT based horizontal controllaw program. We present the system configuration and results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB124
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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MOPAB146	Status of the C-Band Engineering Research Facility (CERF-NM) Test Stand Development at LANL	cavity, GUI, klystron, radiation	509
	D. Gorelov Private Address, Los Alamos, USA R.L. Fleming, S.K. Lawrence, J.W. Lewellen, D. Perez, M.E. Schneider, E.I. Simakov, T. Tajima LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA M.E. Middendorf ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: LDRD-DR Project 20200057DR C-Band structures research is of increasing interest to the accelerator community. The RF frequency range of 4-6 GHz gives the opportunity to achieve significant increase in the accelerating gradient, and having the wakefields at the manageable levels, while keeping the geometric dimensions of the structure technologically convenient. Strong team of scientists, including theorists researching properties of metals under stressful thermal conditions and high electromagnetic fields, metallurgists working with copper as well as alloys of interest, and accelerator scientists developing new structure designs, is formed at LANL to develop a CERF-NM facility. A 50 MW, 5.712 GHz Canon klystron, was purchased in 2019, and laid the basis for this facility. As of Jan-21, the construction of the Test Stand has been finished and the high gradient processing of the waveguide components has been started. Future plans include high gradient testing of various accelerating structures, including benchmark C-band accelerating cavity, a proton ß=0.5 cavity, and cavities made from different alloys. An upgrade to the facility is planned to allow for testing accelerator cavities at cryogenic temperatures.
	Poster MOPAB146 [3.778 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB146
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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MOPAB192	LILac Energy Upgrade to 13 MeV	cavity, linac, proton, LLRF	651
	B. Koubek, S. Altürk, M. Busch, H. Höltermann, J.D. Kaiser, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, D. Strehl, R. Tiede, C. Trageser BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany A. Brunzel, P. Nonn, H. Schlarb DESY, Hamburg, Germany A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.A. Monchinsky, D.O. Ponkin, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In the frame of the NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) ion collider upgrade a new light ion LINAC for protons and ions will be built in collaboration between JINR and BEVATECH GmbH. While ions with a mass-to-charge ratio up to 3 will be fed into the NUCLOTRON ring with an energy of 7 MeV/u, protons are supposed to be accelerated up to an energy of 13 MeV using a third IH structure. This energy upgrade comprises a third IH structure, a dual-use Debuncher cavity as well as an extension of the LLRF control system built on MicroTCA technology.
	Poster MOPAB192 [4.914 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB192
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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MOPAB198	Study on Magnet Sorting of the CSNS/RCS Dipoles	dipole, closed-orbit, MMI, neutron	665
	Y. Li, Y.W. An IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Z.P. Li, S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	The 1.6GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power pulsed proton machine aiming for 500kW output beam power. Now, the routine output beam power has been increased to 100kW. However, the horizontal bare orbit in the ring is large (15mm) and the number of correctors is small, which brings great challenges to the ramp-up of beam power. It is found that the bare orbit in AC mode is 3-4mm larger than that in DC mode. The reason is that the AC dipoles field error is larger than DC dipoles field error. Therefore, it is proposed to sort dipoles again according to the AC dipoles field error. In order to reduce the risk of beam commissioning, fewer magnets should to be moved to achieve smaller orbit. The best results of moving two to six magnets were calculated. After sorting, the orbit can be reduced by 3-4mm, which reduces the difficulty of orbit correction.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB198
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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MOPAB256	Development of Pulsed Beam System for the Three Dimensional Spiral Injection Scheme in the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM Experiment	injection, experiment, kicker, power-supply	809
	R. Matsushita The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan M. Abe, K. Hurukawa, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, M.A. Rehman, N. Saito, K. Sasaki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, K. Oda, Y. Sato, M. Sugita Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan N. Saito J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Takayanagi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment(g-2) and electric dipole moment(EDM) of the muon with higher precision than the previous BNL E821 experiment. A brand-new three-dimensional spiral injection scheme is employed to inject and store muon beam into a 66 cm diameter of storage magnet. Feasibility studies are ongoing by use of 80 keV electron beam at KEK test bench, to develop skills on control transverse beam motion; so-called X-Y coupling, with DC beam. As a next step, towards store the beam by use of a kicker system, a pulsed beam should be generated from the DC beam with an intended time structure to meet a pulse kicker’s duration time, without changing transverse phase space characteristics. In this presentation, the development of a beam chopper device and the evaluation of pulse beam profile are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB256
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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MOPAB278	Prototype of the Bunch Arrival Time Monitor for SHINE	pick-up, laser, FEL, electron	881
	X.Q. Liu, L.W. Lai SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Y.B. Leng, R.X. Yuan, N. Zhang, Y.M. Zhou SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (Grant No. 2019290) Bunch arrival time monitor (BAM) is an important tool to investigate the temporal characteristic of electron bunch in free electron lasers (FEL). Since the timing jitter of electron bunch will affect the FEL’s stability and the resolution of time-resolved experiment at FELs, it is nec-essary to precisely measure the electron bunch’s arrival time information to stabilize the electron bunch’s timing jitter using beam-based feedback. The BAM based on electro-optic modulator (EOM) is currently being devel-oping for Shanghai high-repetition-rate XFEL and Ex-treme light facility (SHINE). And the first BAM prototype has been installed on SXFEL for beam test. The beam test result shows that the estimated resolution of the pro-totype is about 27.5 fs rms.
	Poster MOPAB278 [1.166 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB278
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB284	Status of the Dedicated Electron Diagnostic Beamline at AXSIS	electron, diagnostics, MMI, dipole	902
	H. Dinter, R.W. Aßmann, F. Burkart, M.J. Kellermeier DESY, Hamburg, Germany C. Lechner EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
	Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 609920. AXSIS (Attosecond X-ray Science: Imaging and Spectroscopy) is a compact, accelerator-driven X-ray source currently under construction at DESY Hamburg. It comprises a THz-powered electron gun and THz-driven linac for all-optical electron extraction and acceleration to several MeV with the goal of providing X-rays generated by inverse Compton scattering for photon science experiments. For the commissioning and characterisation of the THz gun and linac the facility includes a dedicated accelerator testing area, for which an electron diagnostic beamline has been designed and is currently under construction. The challenges imposed by the AXSIS project on the development of the diagnostics beamline are the wide ranges of bunch charge (15 fC to 3 pC) and energy (5 MeV to 20 MeV) expected from the THz-driven accelerator as well as the limited available space of only ca. 2.5 metres length. In this contribution we present an overview of the design and the current commissioning status of the electron diagnostic beamline as well as plans for future steps.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB284
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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MOPAB289	Machine Learning Training for HOM reduction and Emittance Preservation in a TESLA-type Cryomodule at FAST	HOM, cavity, emittance, electron	916
	J.A. Diaz Cruz UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA J.A. Diaz Cruz, A.L. Edelen, B.T. Jacobson, J.P. Sikora SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA D.R. Edstrom, A.H. Lumpkin, R.M. Thurman-Keup Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Low emittance electron beams are of high importance at facilities like the LCLS-II at SLAC. Emittance dilution effects due to off-axis beam transport for a TESLA-type cryomodule (CM) have been shown at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility. The results showed the correlation between the electron beam-induced cavity high-order modes (HOMs) and submacropulse centroid slewing and oscillation downstream of the CM. Mitigation of emittance dilution can be achieved by reducing the HOM signals and the variances in the submacropulse beam positions downstream of the CM. Here we present a Machine Learning based optimization and model construction for HOM signal level reduction using Neural Networks and Gaussian Processes. To gather training data we performed experiments using single bunch and 50 bunch electron beams with charges up to 125 pC/b. We measured HOM signals of all cavities and beam position with a set of BPMs downstream of the CM. The beam trajectory was changed using V/H125 corrector set located upstream of the CM. The results presented here will inform the LCLS-II injector commissioning and will serve as a prototype for HOM reduction and emittance preservation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB289
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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MOPAB290	Machine Learning-Based LLRF and Resonance Control of Superconducting Cavities	cavity, LLRF, simulation, SRF	920
	J.A. Diaz Cruz, S. Biedron, M. Martínez-Ramón UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA J.A. Diaz Cruz SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA R. Pirayesh UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA S. Sosa ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under award number DE-SC0019468. Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities with high loaded quality factors that operate in continuous wave (CW) and low beam loading are sensitive to microphonics-induced detuning. Cavity detuning can result in an increase of operational power and/or in a cavity quench. Such SRF cavities have bandwidths on the order of 10 Hz and detuning requirements can be as tight as 10 Hz. Passive methods to mitigate vibration sources and their impact in the cryomodule/cavity environment are widely used. Active resonance control techniques that use stepper motors and piezoelectric actuators to tune the cavity resonance frequency by compensating for microphonics detuning have been investigated. These control techniques could be further improved by applying Machine Learning (ML), which has shown promising results in other particle accelerator control systems. In this paper, we describe a Low-level RF (LLRF) and resonance control system based on ML methods that optimally and adaptively tunes the control parameters. We present simulations and test results obtained using a low power test bench with a cavity emulator.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB290
About •	paper received ※ 03 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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MOPAB300	Description of the Beam Diagnostics Systems for the SOCIT, SODIT and SODIB Applied Research Stations Based on the NICA Accelerator Complex	detector, diagnostics, experiment, radiation	946
	A. Slivin, A. Agapov, A.A. Baldin, A.V. Butenko, G.A. Filatov, K.N. Shipulin, E. Syresin, G.N. Timoshenko, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D.V. Bobrovskiy, A.I. Chumakov, S. Soloviev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia I.L. Glebov, V.A. Luzanov GIRO-PROM, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A.S. Kubankin BelSU, Belgorod, Russia T. Kulevoy, Y.E. Titarenko ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Within the framework of the NICA project an Innovation Block is being constructed. It includes an applied research station for microchips with a package for Single Event Effects (SEE) testing (energy range of 150-500 MeV/n, the SODIT station), an applied research station for testing of decapsulated microchips (ion energy up to 3,2 MeV/n, the SOCIT station), and an applied research station for space radiobiological research and modelling of influence of heavy charged particles on cognitive functions of the brain of small laboratory animals and primates (energy range 500-1000 MeV/n, the SODIB station). The systems for diagnostics and control of the beam characteristics during the certification and adjustment as well as the systems for online diagnostics and control of the beam characteristics of the SOCIT, SODIT and SODIB applied research stations are described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB300
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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MOPAB319	Development of a Fast Betatron Tune and Chromaticity Measurement System for COSY	betatron, acceleration, GUI, resonance	983
	P.J. Niedermayer, C. Böhme, B. Breitkreutz, V. Kamerdzhiev, A. Lehrach FZJ, Jülich, Germany A. Lehrach RWTH, Aachen, Germany
	A fast tune measurement is developed for the Cooler Synchrotron COSY at the Institut für Kernphysik of Forschungszentrum Jülich. Betatron oscillations of the beam are excited with a band-limited RF signal via a stripline kicker. Resonant transverse oscillations are then observed using capacitive beam position monitors. Based on the bunch-by-bunch beam position data the betatron tune is determined. The usage of bunch-by-bunch data is characteristic of the new system. It allows for a discrete tune measurement within a few milliseconds, as well as continuous tune monitoring during beam acceleration. The high precision tune measurement also enables determination of the beam chromaticity. Therefore, the beam momentum is varied by means of the RF frequency and the subsequent tune change is determined. For routine use during beam operation and experiments, the developed method is integrated into the control system.
	Poster MOPAB319 [1.209 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB319
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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MOPAB320	The CMS ECAL Enfourneur: A Gigantic Machine with a Soft Touch	operation, alignment, insertion, experiment	986
	V. Pettinacci INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
	The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS experiment at the LHC is composed of 75848 scintillating lead tungstate crystals arranged in a barrel section and two endcaps. The barrel part is made of 36 supermodules (SM), 2.7 tons each, and is installed inside the CMS magnet. There are 18 SMs on each side of CMS, with each SM containing 1700 crystals. During Long Shutdown 3, all ECAL SMs must be extracted to refurbish the electronics in preparation for HL-LHC. A dedicated machine called the "Enfourneur" is used to extract and re-insert the SMs inside CMS, with a required accuracy of about 1mm. In order to speed up the extraction and insertion process, two Enfourneurs will be employed, operating in parallel on both sides. In view of the purchase of the second Enfourneur, the design has been improved, starting from the feedback of past operations. The improvements to the new Enfourneur design include increased space for the operators, optimization of the operations and the controls with the use of electric motors, and an updated alignment system. Handling plans inside the CMS cavern have been defined in order to be compliant with the rest of CMS structures and procedures.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB320
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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MOPAB321	Schlieren Imaging for Flow Visualisation of Gas Jet in Vacuum for Accelerator Applications	vacuum, laser, solenoid, linac	989
	S. Rosily, B. Dikshit, S. Krishnagopal Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India S. Krishnagopal, S. Rosily BARC, Mumbai, India
	Schlieren imaging was explored for flow visualising of a gas jet in vacuum for beam profile monitor application. In supersonic gas jet based beam profile monitors, the high density jet flows through various differentially pumped skimmer stages before being shaped into a sheet. Schlieren imaging is a well known technique used in aerodynamic studies to visualise gas flow. This technique is explained in the paper along with a gist of other flow visualisation techniques. An Z-type schlieren imaging setup used to view the high density flow features of a pulsed supersonic gas jet inside vacuum is described in detail. Flow around a Pitot probe in supersonic flow was simulated and the resultant density profile obtained was compared with the image obtained using schlieren imaging. The flow features including a detached shock around the tip of the probe was observable at medium and high vacuum after processing the image. Image processing algorithms and tools useful for this application are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB321
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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MOPAB322	Electronics for Bead-pull Measurement of Radio Frequency Accelerating Structures in LEHIPA	cavity, software, rfq, interface	993
	S. Rosily, S. Krishnagopal Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India S. Krishnagopal, S. Singh BARC, Mumbai, India
	For carrying out bead-pull characterisation of RFQ and DTL at the Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator of BARC, a controller for simultaneous motion of 64 axis, tuners or post couplers, was developed. Also, a bead motion controller with integrated phase measurement sensor was developed. The paper discusses the requirements of the system, the architecture of the control systems, operation and results. The results obtained from the sensor was compared to that obtained using an independent USB VNA. The advantages of the system especially with addition of internal phase measurement sensor including minimising position error, flexibility in beadpull to selectively increase resolution at specified locations and ease of implementing auto-tuning algorithms are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB322
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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MOPAB355	Multi-Objective Optimization of RF Structures	cavity, impedance, RF-structure, ECR	1103
	S.J. Smith, R. Apsimon, G. Burt, M.J.W. Southerby Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom S. Setiniyaz Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom S. Setiniyaz Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	In this work, we apply multi-objective optimization methods to single-cell cavity models generated using non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS). This modeling method uses control points and a NURBS to generate the cavity geometry, which allows for greater flexibility in the shape, leading to improved performance. Using this approach and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) we find the Pareto frontiers for the typical key quantities of interest (QoI) including peak fields, shunt impedance and the modified Poynting vector. Visualizing these results becomes increasingly more difficult as the number of objectives increases, therefore, in order to understand these frontiers, we provide several techniques for analyzing, visualizing and using multi-dimensional Pareto fronts specifically for RF cavity design.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB355
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB356	The ESS MEBT RF Buncher Cavities Conditioning Process	cavity, vacuum, MEBT, EPICS	1107
	I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, S. Masa, I. Mazkiaran, L.C. Medina, J.L. Muñoz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Etxeberria, J.P.S. Martins ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: This work is part of FEDER-TRACKS project, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) . As part of the 5 MW European Spallation Source (ESS), the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) was designed, assembled, and installed in the tunnel since May 2020 by ESS-Bilbao. This section of the accelerator is located between the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and the Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The main purpose of the MEBT is to match the incoming beam from the RFQ both transversely and longitudinally into the DTL. The longitudinal matching is achieved by three 352.209 MHz RF buncher cavities. In this paper, we focus on the RF conditioning process for each set of power coupler and buncher cavity. For this purpose, different tools were developed on EPICS and Python as well as electronics hardware such as Fast Interlock Module (FIM) and timing system. These tools served to automatize both the cavity frequency tuning and the power ramp-up process and will be described in detail in the following sections.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB356
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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MOPAB363	Design, Characteristics and Dynamic Properties of Mobile Plunger-based Frequency Tuning System for Coaxial Half Wave Resonators	cavity, operation, experiment, resonance	1129
	D. Bychanok, S. Huseu, S.A. Maksimenko, A.E. Sukhotski INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus A.V. Butenko, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M. Gusarova, M.V. Lalayan, S.M. Polozov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia V.S. Petrakovsky, A.I. Pokrovsky, A. Shvedov, S.V. Yurevich Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus Y. Tamashevich HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The practical realization of a prototype of the frequency tuning system (FTS) for coaxial half-wave cavities (HWR) for the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) injector is presented. The impact of FTS on electromagnetic parameters of copper HWR prototype is experimentally studied and discussed. The most important parameters like tuning range, tuning sensitivity, the dependence of the resonant frequency on the position of the plungers are estimated. The effective operation algorithms of the proposed FTS are discussed and analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of FTS are investigated and showed the ability to adjust the frequency with an accuracy of about 70 Hz.
	Poster MOPAB363 [3.597 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB363
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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MOPAB390	Development of a 166.6 MHz Low-Level RF System by Direct Sampling for High Energy Photon Source	cavity, LLRF, photon, pick-up	1189
	D.B. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This work was supported by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China. A digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system by direct sampling has been proposed for 166.6 MHz superconducting cavities at High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The RF field inside the cavities has to be controlled better than ±0.1% (peak to peak) in amplitude and ±0.1 deg (peak to peak) in phase. Considering that the RF frequency is 166.6 MHz, which is well within the analog bandwidth of modern high-speed ADCs and DACs, direct RF sampling and direct digital modulation can be achieved. A digital LLRF system utilizing direct sampling has therefore been developed with embedded experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) in the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance in the lab has been characterized in a self-closed loop with a residual peak-to-peak noise of ±0.05% in amplitude and ±0.03 deg in phase, which is well below the HEPS specifications. Further tests on a warm 166.6 MHz cavity in the lab are also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB390
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB391	Conduction Cooling Methods for Nb₃Sn SRF Cavities and Cryomodules	cavity, SRF, accelerating-gradient, simulation	1192
	N.A. Stilin, A.T. Holic, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter, J. Sears, Z. Sun Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Rapid progress in the performance of Nb₃Sn SRF cavities during the last few years has made Nb₃Sn an energy efficient alternative to traditional Nb cavities, thereby initiating a fundamental shift in SRF technology. These Nb₃Sn cavities can operate at significantly higher temperatures than Nb cavities while simultaneously requiring less cooling power. This critical property enables the use of new, robust, turn-key style cryogenic cooling schemes based on conduction cooling with commercial cryocoolers. Cornell University has developed and tested a 2.6 GHz Nb₃Sn cavity assembly which utilizes such cooling methods. These tests have demonstrated stable RF operation at 10 MV/m and the measured thermal dynamics match what is found in numerical simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB391
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUXC03	Ferro-Electric Fast Reactive Tuner Applications for SRF Cavities	cavity, SRF, beam-loading, operation	1305
	N.C. Shipman, A. Castilla, M.R. Coly, F. Gerigk, A. Macpherson, N. Stapley, H. Timko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland I. Ben-Zvi BNL, Upton, New York, USA G. Burt, A. Castilla Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
	A Ferro-Electric fast Reactive Tuner (FE-FRT) is a novel type of RF cavity tuner containing a low loss ferroelectric material. FE-FRTs have no moving parts and allow cavity frequencies to be changed extremely quickly (on the timescale of 100s of ns or less). They are of particular interest for SRF cavities as they can be placed outside the liquid helium environment and without an FE-FRT it’s typically very difficult to tune SRF cavities quickly. FE-FRTs can be used for a wide variety of use cases including microphonics suppression, RF switching, and transient beam loading compensation. This promises entirely new operational capabilities, increased performance and cost savings for a variety of existing and proposed accelerators. An overview of the theory and potential applications will be discussed in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXC03
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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TUPAB035	ESS Medium Beta Cavities Status at INFN LASA	cavity, SRF, linac, multipactoring	1420
	D. Sertore, M. Bertucci, M. Bonezzi, A. Bosotti, A. D’Ambros, A.T. Grimaldi, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, R. Paparella INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy C. Pagani Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
	INFN Milano contributes in-kind to the ESS ERIC Superconducting Linac supplying 36 cavities for the Medium Beta section of the proton accelerator. The production has reached completion, being all the cavities mechanical fabricated, BCP treated and, for most of them, also qualified with vertical test at cold. In this paper, we report on the results and lessons learnt and the actions taken both for quality control managing and recovery of the few cavities that did not reach the project goal after the first qualification test.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB035
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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TUPAB063	Study of PF-Ring Infrastructure Improvements Using Temperature Measurements in the Ring Tunnel	injection, experiment, operation, radiation	1508
	N. Nakamura, K. Haga, T. Nogami, M. Tadano KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Temperature measurements have been performed in the PF-ring tunnel in order to understand the infrastructure performance and the temperature stability towards the PF upgrade project, where better beam stability will be required. Based on the temperature measurements, possible improvements of the PF-ring infrastructure such as an air-conditioning system have been studied to enhance the temperature stability in the PF-ring tunnel. In this paper, we present results of the temperature measurements in the PF-ring tunnel and a proposal of the PF-ring infrastructure improvements for the temperature stabilization.
	Poster TUPAB063 [6.169 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB063
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB079	Using ER@CEBAF to Show that a Multipass ERL Can Drive an XFEL	FEL, operation, electron, acceleration	1555
	G. Perez-Segurana Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom I.R. Bailey, P.H. Williams Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom I.R. Bailey Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom R.M. Bodenstein, S.A. Bogacz, D. Douglas, Y. Roblin, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA T. Satogata ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	A multi-pass recirculating superconducting CW linac offers a cost effective path to a multi-user facility with unprecedented scientific and industrial reach over a wide range of disciplines. We propose such a facility as an option for a potential UK-XFEL. Energy Recovery enables multi-MHz FEL sources, for example, an X-ray FEL oscillator or regenerative amplifier FEL. Additionally, combining with external lasers and/or self-interaction would provide access to MeV and GeV gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering at high average power for nuclear and particle physics applications. An opportunity exists to demonstrate the necessary point-to-parallel longitudinal matches to drive an XFEL and successfully energy recover at the upcoming 5-pass up, 5-pass down Energy Recovery experiment on CEBAF at JLab termed ER@CEBAF. We show candidate matches and simulations supporting the minimal necessary modifications to CEBAF this will require. This includes linearisation of the longitudinal phase space in the injector and a reduction in the dispersion of the arcs, both of which increase the energy acceptance of CEBAF. We expect to commence initial tests of these adaptations on CEBAF during 2021.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB079
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB087	Full Characterization of the Bunch-Compressor Dipoles for FLUTE	dipole, electron, linac, HOM	1585
	Y. Nie, A. Bernhard, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, Y. Tong KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF project 05H18VKRB1 HIRING (Federal Ministry of Education and Research). The Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE) is a KIT-operated linac-based test facility for accelerator research and development as well as a compact, ultra-broadband and short-pulse terahertz (THz) source. As a key component of FLUTE, the bunch compressor (chicane) consisting of four specially designed dipoles will be used to compress the 40-50 MeV electron bunches after the linac down to single fs bunch length. The maximum vertical magnetic field of the dipoles reach 0.22 T, with an effective length of 200 mm. The good field region is ±40 mm and ±10.5 mm in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The latest measurement results of the dipoles in terms of field homogeneity, excitation and field reproducibility within the good field regions will be reported, which meet the predefined specifications. The measured 3D magnetic field distributions have been used to perform beam dynamics simulations of the bunch compressor. Effects of the real field properties on the beam dynamics, which are different from that of the ASTRA built-in dipole field, will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB087
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021
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TUPAB195	Local Orbit Correction Application for CSNS-RCS High Intensity Commissioning	MMI, optics, neutron, resonance	1865
	Y.W. An, Y. Li, S.Y. Xu, Y. Yuan IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China M.T. Li IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity hadron pulse facility which achieved the design goal in March, 2020. The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is the important part of the CSNS which accelerates the proton beam from 80MeV to 1.6GeV. During the high intensity commissioning of the RCS, an local orbit correction application was developed. Because of the good performance of the local orbit controlling at the ramping stage, the beam loss was optimized effectively in the process of the acceleration. In the paper, the efficiency of the beam loss optimization during the acceleration is given and the future plans were proposed.
	Poster TUPAB195 [2.279 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB195
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021
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TUPAB201	Vacuum Tube Operation Tuning for a High Intensity Beam Acceleration in J-PARC RCS	acceleration, vacuum, operation, electron	1884
	M. Yamamoto, M. Nomura, H. Okita, T. Shimada, F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan M. Furusawa, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Tetrode vacuum tubes in the J-PARC RCS are used under a reduced filament voltage condition compared with the rating value to prolong the tube life time. One tube reached the end of life in 2020; it was the first case in the RCS after 60,000 hours operation time. This means the reduced filament voltage works well because the tube has been running beyond an expected life time suggested by the tube manufacturer. However, an electron emission from the filament is decreased by the reduced filament voltage. Although the large amplitude of the anode current is necessary for the high intensity beam acceleration to compensate an wake voltage, a solid-state amplifier to drive a control grid circuit almost reaches the output power limit because of the poor electron emission. We changed the filament voltage reduction rate from 15 % to 5 %; the required power of the solid-state amplifier was fairly reduced, whereas the accelerated beam power was same. We will describe the measurement results of the vacuum tube parameters in terms of the filament voltage tuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB201
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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TUPAB203	Electromagnetic Simulations of a Novel Proton Linac Using VSim on HPC	linac, rfq, simulation, operation	1887
	S.I. Sosa Guitron, S. Biedron, T.B. Bolin UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA J.R. Cary Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA M.S. Curtin, B. Hartman, T. Pressnall, D.A. Swenson Ion Linac Systems, Inc., Albuquerque, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, award number DE-SC0019468; It used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and from Element Aero. We discuss electromagnetic simulations of accelerating structures in a high performance computing (HPC) system. Our overarching goal is to resolve the linac operation in a large ensemble of initial beam conditions. This requires a symbiotic relation between the electromagnetic solver and HPC. The linac is being developed by Ion Linac Systems to produce a low-energy, high-current, proton beam. We use VSim, an electromagnetic solver and PIC software developed by Tech-X to determine the electromagnetic fundamental mode of operation of the accelerating structures and discuss its implementation at the THETA supercomputer in the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB203
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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TUPAB286	Experience with On-line Optimizers for APS Linac Front End Optimization	linac, gun, operation, injection	2151
	H. Shang, M. Borland, X. Huang, Y. Sun ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA M. Song, Z. Zhang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: * Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and BES R&D project FWP 2020-ANL-34573 While the APS linac lattice is set up using a model developed with ELEGANT, the thermionic RF gun front end beam dynamics has been difficult to model. One of the issues is that beam properties from the thermionic gun can vary from time to time. As a result, linac front end beam tuning is required to establish good matching and maximize the charge transported through the linac. We have been using a traditional simplex optimizer to find the best settings for the gun front end magnets and steering magnets. However, it takes a long time and requires some fair initial conditions. Therefore, we imported other on-line optimizers, such as robust conjugate direction search (RCDS) which is a classic optimizer as simplex, multi-objective particle swarm (MOPSO), and multi-generation gaussian process optimizer (MG-GPO) which is based on machine learning technique. In this paper we report our experience with these on-line optimizers for maximum bunch charge transportation efficiency through the linac.
	Poster TUPAB286 [2.964 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB286
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB287	Application of Artificial Neural Network in the APS Linac Bunch Charge Transmission Efficiency	linac, operation, kicker, photon	2155
	H. Shang, R. Maulik, Y. Sun ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA T. Xu Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: * Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. In recent years there has been a rapid growth in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in accelerators. As the scale of complexity and sophistication of modern accelerators grows, the difficulties in modeling the machine increase greatly in order to include all the interacting subsystems and to consider the limitation of various diagnostics to benchmark against measurements. Tools based on ML can help substantially in revealing correlations of machine condition and beam parameters that are not easily discovered using traditional physics model-based simulations, reducing machine tuning up time etc among the many possible applications. While at APS we have many excellent tools for the optimization, diagnostics, and controls of the accelerators, we do not yet have ML-based tools established. It is our desire to test ML in our machine operation, optimization, and controls. In this paper, we introduce the application of neural networks to the APS linac bunch charge transmission efficiency.
	Poster TUPAB287 [0.781 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB287
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB289	Towards Hysteresis Aware Bayesian Regression and Optimization	ISAC, experiment, target, operation	2159
	R.J. Roussel University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA A. Hanuka SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams. Algorithms used today for accelerator optimization assume a simple proportional relationship between an intermediate tuning parameter and the resultant field or mechanism which influences the beam. This neglects the effects of hysteresis, where the magnetic or mechanical response depends not only on the current parameter value, but also on the historical parameter values. This prevents the use of one to one surrogate models, such as Gaussian processes, to assist in optimization when hysteresis effects are not negligible, since identical points in input space no longer correspond to a same point in output space. In this work, we demonstrate how Bayesian inference can be used in conjunction with Gaussian processes to jointly model both the hysteresis cycle of magnetic elements and the beam response. Using this technique we demonstrate how to model the hysteresis cycle of a magnet during accelerator operation in situ by only measuring the beam response, without direct magnetic field measurements. This allows us to quickly build accurate statistical models of the beam response that can be used for rapid tuning of accelerators where hysteresis effects are dominant.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB289
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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TUPAB290	Demonstration of Machine Learning Front-End Optimization of the Advanced Photon Source Linac	linac, gun, electron, photon	2163
	A. Hanuka, J.P. Duris SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA H. Shang, Y. Sun ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	The electron beam for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is generated from a thermionic RF gun and accelerated by an S-band linear accelerator – the APS linac. While the APS linac lattice is set up using a model developed with ELEGANT, the thermionic RF gun front-end beam dynamics have been difficult to model. One of the issues is that beam properties from thermionic guns can vary. As a result, linac front-end beam tuning is required to establish good matching and maximize the charge transported through the linac. A traditional Nelder-Mead simplex optimizer has been used to find the best settings for the sixteen quadrupoles and steering magnets. However, it takes a long time and requires some fair initial conditions. The Gaussian Process (GP) optimizer does not have the initial condition limitation and runs several times faster. In this paper, we report our data collection and analysis for the training of the GP hyperparameters and discuss the application of GP optimizer on the APS linac front-end optimization for maximum bunch charge transportation efficiency through the linac.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB290
About •	paper received ※ 09 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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TUPAB291	Subsystem Level Data Acquisition for the Optical Synchronization System at European XFEL	FEL, laser, data-acquisition, database	2167
	M. Schütte, A. Eichler, T. Lamb, V. Rybnikov, H. Schlarb, T. Wilksen DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The optical synchronization system for the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser provides sub-10 femtosecond timing precision * for the accelerator subsystems and experiments. This is achieved by phase locking a mode-locked laser oscillator to the main RF reference and distributing the optical pulse train carrying the time information via actively propagation-time stabilized optical fibers to multiple end-stations. Making up roughly one percent of the entire European XFEL, it is the first subsystem to receive a large-scale data acquisition system [2] for storing not just hand-selected information, but in fact all diagnostic, monitoring, and configuration data relevant to the optical synchronization available from the distributed control system infrastructure. A minimum of 100 TB per year may be stored in a persistent archive for long-term health monitoring and data mining whereas excess data is stored in a short-term ring buffer for high-resolution fault analysis and feature extraction algorithm development. This paper describes scale, challenges and first experiences from the optical synchronization data acquisition system. * S. Schulz et al., "Few-Femtosecond Facility-Wide Sync. of the European XFEL," in Proc. FEL’19 ** T. Wilksen et al., "A Bunch-Sync. DAQ System for the European XFEL," in Proc. ICALEPCS’17
	Poster TUPAB291 [0.281 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB291
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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TUPAB292	Automation of the ReAccelerator Linac Phasing	cavity, detector, interface, linac	2170
	D.J. Barofsky, A.I. Henriques, T.J. Kabana, A.S. Plastun FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D.B. Crisp, A. Lapierre, S. Nash, A.C.C. Villari NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1565546 The ReAccelerator (ReA) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University is a unique facility, as it offers the possibility to reaccelerate not only stable, but rare-isotope beams produced by fast-projectile fragmentation or fission. At ReA, beams are accelerated using a Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole and a superconducting linear accelerator before being delivered to experiments. Beam preparation time plays a major role in the availability of beams to experiments. One of the major time consuming tasks is the linac phasing, since there are 23 resonator cavities to be phased, usually with very low beam intensities. This procedure was automated using a combination of EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Controls System) In/Output Controllers (IOCs) and IOC triggered scripts to scan the resonator phase delay and measure the change in beam energy. We have developed user-friendly tools to phase the linac, which have been tested, making the task of phasing substantially easier. In this presentation, we will present our methodology, challenges faced, tools developed, and initial results of the application for automating the phasing of the ReA linac.
	Poster TUPAB292 [1.140 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB292
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB295	Upgrade to the EPICS Control System at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Test Facility	EPICS, interface, data-acquisition, LLRF	2173
	W. Liu, J.M. Byrd, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, A.N. Johnson, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, G. Shen, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: US Department of Energy, Office of Science The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) Test Facility has used a completely homebrewed, MS Windows-based control system for the last 20 years. In an effort to modernize the control system and prepare for an active machine learning program, the AWA will work with the Advanced Photon Source (APS) controls group to upgrade its control system to EPICS. The EPICS control system is expected to facilitate collaborations and support the future growth of AWA. An overview of the previous AWA control and data acquisition system is presented, along with a vision and path for completing the EPICS upgrade.
	Poster TUPAB295 [1.108 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB295
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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TUPAB296	LLRF Upgrade at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Test Facility	LLRF, laser, klystron, pick-up	2176
	W. Liu, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA L.R. Doolittle, D. Filippetto, D. Li, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano, V.K. Vytla LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: US Department of Energy, Office of Science The Argonne Wakefiled Accelerator (AWA) Test Facility designed and operated a homemade LLRF system for the last 20 years. It is based on NI-PXI products that has now become obsolete. The AWA’s LLRF cannot keep up with the increasing stability demands of AWA’s upgraded facility. An overhaul of the system is strongly desired. With the support from DOE-HEP, the AWA is collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)to upgrade its LLRF system with modern instrumentation to meet the growing stability demands. An overview of AWA’s current LLRF system performance is presented together with the upgrade plan and expectations.
	Poster TUPAB296 [1.943 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB296
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021
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TUPAB297	Data Archive System for Superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator at RIBF	EPICS, network, experiment, cyclotron	2178
	A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	At RIKEN Nishina Center, superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator (SRILAC) was newly installed at downstream of existing accelerator and upgraded for the search experiments of super-heavy-elements with atomic numbers of 119 and higher. For the data archiving and the data visualization in RI Beam Factory (RIBF) project, we have utilized RIBFCAS (RIBF control archive system) since 2009. For the number of archived data point was expected to increase dramatically for SRILAC, we introduced the Archiver Appliance for improvement of the data archiving performance. On the other hand, to realize a user-friendly system about the data visualization, the data of RIBFCAS and the Archiver Appliance should be visualized on the same system. In this system, by implementing a Web application to convert the RIBFCAS data to JSON format, it became possible to unify the data format with the Archiver Appliance and display the data with the same viewer software. In the SRILAC beam commissioning, it became to useful system for finding anomalies and understanding the behavior of superconducting cavity. In this conference, we report the system implementation, developed tool, and the future plan in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB297
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB298	First Steps Toward an Autonomous Accelerator, a Common Project Between DESY and KIT	electron, laser, operation, simulation	2182
	A. Eichler, F. Burkart, J. Kaiser, W. Kuropka, O. Stein DESY, Hamburg, Germany E. Bründermann, A. Santamaria Garcia, C. Xu KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: Helmholtz Artificial Cooperation Unit Reinforcement Learning algorithms have risen in popularity in recent years in the accelerator physics community, showing potential in beam control and in the optimization and automation of tasks in accelerator operation. The Helmholtz AI project "Machine Learning toward Autonomous Accelerators" is a collaboration between DESY and KIT that works on investigating and developing RL applications for the automatic start-up of electron linear accelerators. The work is carried out in parallel at two similar research accelerators: ARES at DESY and FLUTE at KIT, giving the unique opportunity of transfer learning between facilities. One of the first steps of this project is the establishment of a common interface between the simulations and the machine, in order to test and apply various optimization approaches interchangeably between the two accelerators. In this paper we present the first results on the common interface and its application to beam focusing in ARES, and the idea of laser shaping with spatial light modulators at FLUTE.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB298
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB299	Tuned Delay Unit for a Stochastic Cooling System at NICA Collider	pick-up, FPGA, kicker, collider	2186
	S.V. Barabin, T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin, A.Y. Orlov ITEP, Moscow, Russia I.V. Gorelyshev, K.G. Osipov, V.V. Peshkov, A.O. Sidorin JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Stochastic cooling is one of the crucial NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) subsystems. This system requires fine tuning of the response delay to the kicker, for both longitudinal and transverse stochastic cooling systems. The use of a digital delay line allows to add additional features such as a frequency dependent group velocity correction. To analyse the capabilities of the digital delay unit, a prototype of the device was created and tested. The article presents the characteristics of the prototype, its architecture and principle of operation, test results and estimations for the future developments.
	Poster TUPAB299 [0.493 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB299
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB300	Ion Source Optimization Using Bi-Objective Genetic and Matrix-Profile Algorithm	ion-source, experiment, ECR, software	2190
	W. Geithner, Z. Andelkovic, O. Geithner, F. Herfurth, V. Rapp GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Neméth Atato, Alzenau, Germany A. Van Benschoten MPF, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA F. Wilhelmstötter emarsys, Vienna, Austria
	Employing the local ECR ion source of the FAIR phase 0 ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR, we set up an IT-environment for on-line data processing and applications based on the data available from beam diagnostic instruments and input signals controlling the ion source. As a first proof of principle, we implemented a closed-loop optimization software controller based on bi-objective Genetic Optimization. As one property for optimization we used the ion beam current measured with a Faraday-cup detector. As second optimization-property we the on-line processed time-resolved signal of the individual ion-source pulses employing the relatively new Matrix-Profile Algorithm* which provides a measure for the shot-by-shot variability of the consecutive pulses. We will report on the status of the data logging framework, the implementation of related software programs and the results of first tests. * Wilhelmstötter, F.: Jenetics advanced genetic algorithm, online http://jenetics.io ** Matrix Profile Foundation. Homepage, online https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation
	Poster TUPAB300 [5.485 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB300
About •	paper received ※ 01 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB304	Preliminary Investigation of the Noises and Updates on Physics Studies of FOFB in HEPS	power-supply, storage-ring, lattice, factory	2197
	X.Y. Huang, Y. Jiao, Y. Wei IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a Fourth-generation storage ring light source in China and is under construction. Noises, such as the ambient mechanical vibration and the power supply ripples of magnets, may induce large orbit motions of electron bunches and hence dramatically degrade the emitted photon beam quality. The effect of noises becomes significant and needs to be considered very carefully, especially when the emittances of the electron beam approach the diffraction limit of x-ray. For the HEPS, the noises are modelled and the total beam orbit motion is evaluated considering the spectral characteristics of all the transformation processes from the errors to the orbit. In this paper, we present the preliminary calculation of the effects of noises in HEPS, and the control of the orbit motion with the FOFB system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB304
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB306	Status of Beam-Based Feedback Research and Development for Continuous Wave SRF Linac ELBE	electron, feedback, cavity, LLRF	2200
	A. Maalberg, M. Kuntzsch HZDR, Dresden, Germany E. Petlenkov TalTech, Tallinn, Estonia
	The superconducting electron linear accelerator ELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is a versatile light source operated in continuous wave mode. As the demand on the beam stability increases, the improvement of the beam control schemes currently installed at ELBE becomes highly relevant. This improvement can be achieved by an upgrade of the existing digital MicroTCA.4-based LLRF control scheme by beam-based feedback. By presenting both the design and implementation details of the new control scheme this contribution reports the status of the work in progress.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB306
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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TUPAB310	Establishing a Metrological Reference Network for the Alignment of Sirius	network, alignment, survey, laser	2214
	H. Geraissate, G.R. Rovigatti de Oliveira LNLS, Campinas, Brazil R. Junqueira Leão CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
	Sirius is the Brazilian 4th generation synchrotron light source. It consists of three electron accelerators and it has room for up to 38 beamlines. To make the alignment of Sirius components possible, there is a need for a network of points comprising the installation volume, allowing the location of portable coordinate instruments on a common reference frame. This work describes the development of such networks for the whole Sirius facility. The layout of the networks is presented together with the survey strategies. Details are given on how the calculations combined laser trackers and optical level measurements data and how the Earth curvature compensation was performed. A novel laser tracker orientation technique applied for linking networks on different environments is also presented. Finally, the uncertainty estimation for the resulting network and its deformation history is shown.
	Poster TUPAB310 [4.084 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB310
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB311	Nonlinear Correctors Tuning for the Collector Ring Isochronous Mode	sextupole, betatron, optics, proton	2218
	M.A. Lyalin, I. Koop, D.B. Shwartz BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia I. Koop, M.A. Lyalin, D.B. Shwartz NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	One of the operating modes for the Collector Ring (CR) under construction in Darmstadt is the isochronous mode, in which the captured ions circulate with an equal period regardless of their momentum. The measurement of the orbital period T by the time-of-flight sensors makes it possible to precisely determine the mass to the charge ratio of the ion under study. For this, the change of the circulation period dT should not exceed 1·10^-6 for dT/T in the entire momentum acceptance of the 0.62%. Modeling in the Strategic Accelerator Design code showed that without nonlinear effects compensation, the orbital period variation is 1·10^-5. In this work, the parameters of nonlinear correctors, which are sextupoles and octupoles in CR, are determined, necessary for the isochronous mode implementation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB311
About •	paper received ※ 29 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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TUPAB314	SPS Personnel Protection System: From Design to Commissioning	site, operation, MMI, PLC	2224
	T. Ladzinski, T. Hakulinen, F. Havart, V. Martins De Sousa Dos Rios, M. Munoz Codoceo, P. Ninin, J.P. Ridewood, E. Sanchez-Corral Mena, D. Vaxelaire CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	During the second long shutdown (LS2) of the accelerator complex at CERN, the access system of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) was completely renovated. This complex project was motivated by the technical obsolescence and lack of sufficient redundancy in the existing system, as well as by the need for homogenisation of technologies and practices across the different machines at CERN. The new Personnel Protection System includes 16 state-of-the-art access points making sure that only fully identified, trained and authorised personnel can enter the facility and an interlock system with a rationalized number of safety chains designed to meet the current safety standards. The control part is based on Siemens 1500 series of programmable logic controllers, complemented by a technologically diverse relay logic loop for the critical safety functions. This paper presents the new system and the design choices made to permit fast installation in a period where the access system itself was heavily used to allow vast upgrades of the SPS accelerator and its infrastructure. It also covers the verification and validation methodology and lessons learned during the commissioning phase.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB314
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB318	The Beamline Safety Interlock System of Taiwan Photon Source	radiation, vacuum, photon, synchrotron-radiation	2239
	C.F. Chang, C.Y. Chang, C.Y. Liu, H.Y. Yan NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The energy of synchrotron radiation generated by bremsstrahlung radiation and magnet is rather high, which may cause serious radiation damage to human body or even imperil people’s life. The beamline therefore must be equipped with radiation-protection system; in addition, the overheat of optical components exposed to synchrotron radiation will lead to the damage of optical components and devices. In consequence, the beamline should be furnished with the cooling-protection system to cool down optical components and devices. The Beamline Safety Interlock System targets at protecting the personnel and the safety of devices, limiting the radiation dose to a security value for experimental personnel or staffs exposing to radiation on the site as well as preventing beamline components from being exposed to overheat or vacuum damages to improve the effectiveness of beamline.
	Poster TUPAB318 [3.440 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB318
About •	paper received ※ 09 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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TUPAB319	SNS Credited Beam Power Limit System Preliminary Design	PLC, timing, target, dipole	2242
	C. Deibele ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.L. Mahoney ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	The Controls Group at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is designing a programmable signal processor based credited safety control that calculates pulsed beam power based on beam kinetic energy and charge. The system must reliably shut off the beam if the average power exceeds 2.145 MW averaged over 60 seconds. This paper discusses architecture and design choices needed to develop the system under the auspices of a programmable radiation-safety credit control.
	Poster TUPAB319 [1.925 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB319
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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TUPAB322	Redesign and Upgrade of the LHC Access Control System	site, interface, hardware, PLC	2249
	T. Hakulinen, S. Di Luca, G. Godineau, R. Nunes, G. Smith CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The old LHC Access Control System (LACS) was based on a single access control solution, which integrated software and hardware into one monolithic application encompassing all the different subsystems (access control, video surveillance, interphones, biometry, equipment control, safety elements). Both the hardware and software were approaching end-of-life by the vendor before the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). The new design is based on a distributed approach, where the different subsystems are integrated in a flexible manner with well-defined interfaces, which will permit much easier single sub-system management, upgrades, and even full replacements if necessary. From the system point of view, the focus is on the advantages that this redesign brings to system operation, testing, and management. Procedurally the interest is in the overall management of a very complex in-place upgrade of a system, where the new implementation needed to coexist with the old during its constant simultaneous solicitation over the LS2.
	Poster TUPAB322 [6.906 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB322
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021
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TUPAB327	Developing Robust Digital Twins and Reinforcement Learning for Accelerator Control Systems at the Fermilab Booster	network, booster, power-supply, FPGA	2268
	D.L. Kafkes Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M. Schram JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This research was sponsored by the Fermilab Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program under Project ID FNAL-LDRD-2019-027: Accelerator Control with Artificial Intelligence. We describe the offline machine learning (ML) development for an effort to precisely regulate the Gradient Magnet Power Supply (GMPS) at the Fermilab Booster accelerator complex via a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). As part of this effort, we created a digital twin of the Booster-GMPS control system by training a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to capture its full dynamics. We outline the path we took to carefully validate our digital twin before deploying it as a reinforcement learning (RL) environment. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of a Deep Q-Network (DQN) policy model with the capability to regulate the GMPS against realistic time-varying perturbations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB327
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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TUPAB346	Development of a 500-MHz 150-kW Solid-State Power Amplifier for High Energy Photon Source	GUI, cavity, photon, booster	2312
	Y.L. Luo, T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q. Ma, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	A 500-MHz 150-kW solid-state power amplifier (SSA) has been developed to test the 500-MHz normal conducting cavities for High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) booster ring. It will also be used to power normal conducting cavities in the initial beam commissioning stage of the HEPS storage ring. A total number of 96 amplifier modules are combined initially by coaxial and later by waveguide combiners to deliver the 150-kW RF power. The final output is of EIA standard WR1800 rectangular waveguide. Each amplifier module consists four transistors equipped with individual circulator and load and outputs 2-kW RF power. Modularity, redundancy and satisfactory RF performance are demonstrated. In the final stage of HEPS project, this 150-kW amplifier will be modified to a 100-kW amplifier to join the other five 100-kW SSAs for normal operation of the booster cavities. The development and test results are presented in this paper.
	Poster TUPAB346 [1.870 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB346
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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TUPAB347	Development of a 166-MHz 260-kW Solid-State Power Amplifier for High Energy Photon Source	photon, status, power-supply, cavity	2315
	Y.L. Luo, T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q. Ma, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	166-MHz 260-kW solid-state power amplifiers have been chosen to drive the 166.6-MHz superconducting cavities for the storage ring of High Energy Photon Source. Highly modular yet compact are desired. A total number of 112 amplifier modules of 3 kW each are combined in a multi-stage power combining topology. The final output is of 9-3/16" 50 Ω coaxial rigid line. Each amplifier module consists of 3 LDMOS transistors with individual circulator and load. Thermal simulations of the amplifier module have been conducted to optimize cooling capabilities for both travelling-wave and full-reflection operation scenarios. High efficiency, sufficient redundancy and excellent RF performances of the 260-kW system are demonstrated. A control system is also integrated and EPICS is used to manage the monitored data. The design and test results of the amplifier system are presented in this paper.
	Poster TUPAB347 [1.972 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB347
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB349	High Efficiency, Low Cost RF Sources for Accelerators and Colliders	cavity, klystron, simulation, electron	2322
	R.L. Ives, T. Bui, G. Collins, H. Freund, T.W. Habermann, D. Marsden, M.E. Read CCR, San Mateo, California, USA B.E. Chase, J. Reid Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA N. Chaudhary, J.R. Conant, T. Cox, R. Ho, C. McVey, C.M. Walker CPI, Palo Alto, California, USA J.C. Frisch, L. Ma SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA A. Jensen Leidos Corp, Billerica, MA, USA J.M. Potter JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA W. Sessions Georgia Tech Research Institute, Smyrna, Georgia, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. (CCR) and its collaborators are developing high efficiency, low cost RF sources. Phase and Amplitude Controlled Magnetrons: CCR, Fermilab, and Communications & Power Industries, LLC (CPI) recently developed a 100 kW, 1.3 GHz magnetron system with amplitude and phase control. The system operated at more than 80% efficiency and demonstrated rapid control of amplitude and phase. Multiple Beam Triodes: CCR, in collaboration with CPI and JP Accelerator Works, Inc., is developing 200 kW, pulsed and CW RF sources from 350 to 700 MHz with projected efficiencies exceeding 80% and cost of $0.50/Watt. Prototype tubes are scheduled for tests in spring 2021. High Efficiency Klystrons:CCR, CPI, and Leidos, Inc. are building a 1.3 GHz, 100 kW klystron operating at 80% efficiency. High power testing is scheduled for summer 2021. Multiple Beam IOTs: CCR and Georgia Tech Research Institute are developing MBIOTs with simplified input coupling and high efficiency. Simulations indicate that 3rd harmonic drive power can increase the efficiency 8-10 %. The program is developing a prototype tube to produce 200 kW peak, 100 kW average power at 704 MHz.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB349
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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TUPAB351	The Progress of 300 kW Home-Made Fully Solid-State Transmitter for TPS	power-supply, ISOL, operation, HOM	2328
	T.-C. Yu, F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	To support the stable operation of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) with 500mA beam current and the in-creasing beam line construction, a 3rd RF plant is thus constructed for such demand. The RF power source of the other 2 RF plants adopts klystron type transmitter and the 3rd RF plants is transferred to new technology of solid-state for better redundancy and easier mainte-nance. Base on the success of solid-state power ampli-fier development in 2020, a 3rd RF power source is thus decided to be made in house by solid-state tech-nology. The 500MHz 300kW solid-state transmitter is constructed by 4 80 kW solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) towers and power combined by 3 WR1800 3-dB hybrid couplers. Each tower is consisted of 110 850W final stage SSPA modules with 4 100W pre-amplifiers and 6 600W drive amplifiers. The pre and drive amplifiers are power combined for higher redun-dancy. The DC power are economical industrial 48V AC-DC rack mount power supplies which are parallel connected for higher total DC power and best redun-dancy. The architecture and present progress are pre-sented in this article.
	Poster TUPAB351 [2.348 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB351
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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TUPAB353	Remote Commissioning of 400 kW 352 MHz Amplifiers	power-supply, real-time, MMI, PLC	2332
	C. Pasotti, A. Cuttin, A. Fabris Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy A. Frizzi, G. Zardi Itelco Broadcast Srl, Orvieto (TR), Italy M. Rossi DB Science, Padova, Italy
	In the framework of the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS ERIC) In-Kind collaboration, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste has the task to deliver 26 400 kW 352 MHz Radio Frequency Power Station (RFPS) units. They will feed the Spoke Cavities section of the proton Linac. The RFPS manufacturing contract has been awarded to the European Science Solutions consortium (ESS-C) gained the. The production of the amplifiers is well underway and it has reached a steady rate of delivery. Each RFPS is subject to a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT). In this contribution, the main results of the FATs are presented, together with the FAT remote session protocol. This protocol has been specifically developed to cope with the traveling and in persons meeting restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
	Poster TUPAB353 [2.675 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB353
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB354	352-MHz Solid State RF System Development at the Advanced Photon Source	cavity, GUI, PLC, klystron	2335
	D. Horan, D.J. Bromberek, N.P. DiMonte, A. Goel, T.J. Madden, A. Nassiri, G. Trento, G.J. Waldschmidt ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Development effort is underway on a 352MHz, 200kW solid state rf system intended as the base design to replace the existing klystron-based rf systems presently in use at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). A sixteen-input, 200kW final combining cavity was designed, built, and successfully tested to 29kW CW in combiner mode, and to 200kW CW in back-feed mode, where an external klystron was used to transmit power into the combining cavity. A four-port waveguide combiner was also tested in both backfeed and combiner mode to 193kW and 26kW respectively. Slow and fast interlock systems were designed and implemented to support the testing process. An EPICS and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based system was developed to control, communicate with, and monitor the rf amplifiers used in the combiner-mode test, and to monitor and log system performance parameters relating to the combining cavity. Low-level rf control of the cavity in 29kW combiner-mode operation was achieved using the existing APS analog low-level rf hardware. Test data and design details are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB354
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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TUPAB374	Development of a Quench Detection System for the FAIR Superconducting Devices	quadrupole, superconducting-magnet, electron, interface	2394
	V. Raginel, M. Dziewiecki, W. Freisleben, P.B. Szwangruber, L. Theiner GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is presently under construction in Darmstadt (Germany), will incorporate a large variety of superconducting devices like magnets, currents leads and bus bars. These components depend on an active protection in case of a transition from superconducting to the resistive state, so-called quench. In this framework, a FAIR Quench Detection System (F-QDS) is being developed based on analog and digital electronics and will be implemented in several machines of the FAIR complex. This paper describes the development of the F-QDS. An overview of the F-QDS electronics is given followed by a description of the system integration to the infrastructure of various machines. Initial test results of the F-QDS prototype system are presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB374
About •	paper received ※ 25 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB388	Efficiency, Power Loss, and Power Factor Measurement of Quadrupole Magnet Power Supplies at the Spallation Neutron Source	power-supply, linac, quadrupole, neutron	2428
	S. Harave ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA B. Morris SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The linear accelerator (LINAC) quadrupole magnets are powered by 42 silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) based power supplies at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These 35V, 525A power supplies are bulky, inefficient and require both air and water cooling. The reliability of the SNS facility is impacted due to water leaks internal to power supplies and current readback issues associated with their unique control system interface, resulting in multiple downtime events. Hence, an alternate solution is necessary for the continued reliable operation of the SNS. To mitigate the above-mentioned problems, this paper proposes the use of off-the-shelf Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) rated for 20V, 500A with serial control interface. These SMPS are air-cooled, more efficient and more compact owing to their switching speeds of approximately 160 kHz. The performance enhancements of the SMPS in comparison with the existing SCR power supply are discussed in detail in this paper. The features of the SMPS, along with experimental results for both power supplies, like efficiency, power losses and stability, are presented. Ongoing work is also discussed.
	Poster TUPAB388 [0.420 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB388
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB389	High Precision Four Quadrant Converter with GaN Technology	simulation, operation, power-supply, damping	2431
	M. Incurvati, T. Margreiter, R. Stärz MCI, Innsbruck, Austria T. Riedler NTUT, Taipei City, Taiwan
	New proton therapy facilities for the cure of tumors as well as high-energy photon sources are currently being installed all around the world. In this field, the request for special power supplies for corrector, scanning, and quadrupole magnets are increasing. For these applications, mandatory requirements are high bandwidth and current stability as well as low output ripple which are conflicting constraints. A feasibility study, prototype development, measurements, and investigations on the control methodology of a wide-bandgap GaN semiconductor-based power module is presented in the paper. The developed power module features the following characteristics: Eurocard standard PCB, bipolar 4Q operation, minimum switching frequency 100 kHz, bandwidth 5 kHz, output voltage and current up to 200 V / 8 A, output current ripple <20 ppm. The enlisted characteristics make it suitable for high inductive loads requiring fast transients (scanning magnets). An RST controller will be developed and a system identification approach to the transfer function of two parallel-connected power modules will be presented along with simulations assessing the performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB389
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB393	Study of Remote Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection in Accelerator	vacuum, gun, detector, operation	2441
	H.Y. He, D.H. Zhu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China J.M. Liu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	In order to solve the problem that the vacuum system of the accelerator can’t be close to the operation for a long time, a long-distance helium mass spectrometer leak detection system is explored by studying the structure of the conventional round tube vacuum box of the vacuum system, which integrates the online vacuum leak detection, defect diagnosis and process design, improves the digital operation, realizes the accurate and effective detection of the leak location range and leak rate, and provides the technology for the remote leak detection of the vacuum system. Support.
	Poster TUPAB393 [0.666 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB393
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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TUPAB405	Design of High Energy Linac for Generation of Isotopes for Medical Applications	linac, electron, target, gun	2472
	A.P. Deshpande, S.R. Bhat, T.S. Dixit, P.S. Jadhav, A.S. Kottawar, R. Krishnan, M.S. Kumbhare, J. Mishra, C.S. Nainwad, S.R. Name, R. Sandeep Kumar, A. Shaikh, K.A. Thakur, M.M. Vidwans, A. Waingankar SAMEER, Mumbai, India A.K. Mishra INMAS, New Delhi, India N. Upadhyay University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	Funding: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India. After successful implementation of 6 and 15 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) technology for Cancer Therapy in India, we initiated the development of high energy high current accelerator for the production of radioisotopes for diagnostic applications. The accelerator will be of 30 MeV energy with 350 µA average current provided by a gridded gun. The linac is a side coupled standing wave accelerator operating at 2998 MHz frequency operating at p/2 mode. The choice of p/2 operating mode is particularly suitable for this case where the repetition rate will be around 400 Hz. Klystron with 7 MW peak power and 36 kW average power will be used as the RF source. The modulator will be a solid-state modulator. The control system is FPGA based setup developed in-house at SAMEER. A retractable target with tungsten will be used as a converter to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung. The x-rays will then interact with enriched 100Mo target to produce 99Mo via (g, n) reaction. Eluted 99mTc will be used for diagnostic applications. The paper lists the challenges and novel schemes developed at SAMEER to make a compact, rugged, and easy to use system keeping in mind local conditions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB405
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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WEPAB042	Linac-200: A New Electron Test Beam Facility at JINR	electron, linac, gun, klystron	2697
	M.A. Nozdrin, M. Gostkin, V. Kobets, Y.A. Samofalova, G. Shirkov, A. Trifonov, K. Yunenko, A. Zhemchugov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Commissioning of a new electron test beam facility Linac-200 comes to the end at JINR (Dubna, Russia). The core of the facility is a refurbished MEA accelerator from NIKHEF. The key accelerator subsystems including controls, vacuum, precise temperature regulation were redesigned or deeply upgraded. The facility provides electron beams with energy up to 200 MeV while the beam current varying smoothly from 40 mA down to almost zero (single electrons in a bunch). The main goal of the facility is providing test beams for particle detector R&D, studies of novel approaches to the beam diagnostics, and education and training of graduate and postgraduate students. The current status and operation parameters of the facility will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB042
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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WEPAB071	Design and Construction of an Intense Terahertz-Wave Source Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation Matched to Circle Plane Wave	radiation, electron, FEL, experiment	2751
	N. Sei, H. Ogawa AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, Y. Sumitomo, Y. Takahashi, T. Tanaka LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan T. Takahashi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI JP19H04406 and the Visiting Researchers Program of Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (R2013). National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has been studied terahertz (THz) coherent radiation in collaboration with Nihon University and Kyoto University. We have been developed a coherent transition radiation (CTR) source with macropulse power of 1 mJ using a screen monitor in the parametric X-ray line at Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA) in Nihon University. However, to obtain a THz-wave source with higher intensity, we have undertaken a development of a new THz-wave source based on coherent Cherenkov radiation (CCR) matched to circle plane wave. Bypassing an electron beam through a hollow conical dielectric having an apex angle equal to the Cherenkov angle, the wavefront of the CCR generated on the inner surface of the hollow conical dielectric matches on the basal plane. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-power beam that is easy to transport. We have already produced a hollow conical dielectric made of high-resistivity silicon and considered a position controller for the hollow conical dielectric. In this presentation, the status of the new THz-wave source will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB071
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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WEPAB073	An Overview of the Radio-Frequency System for an Inverse Compton X-Ray Source Based on CLIC Technology	klystron, LLRF, network, laser	2759
	T.G. Lucas, O.J. Luiten, P.H.A. Mutsaers, X.F.D. Stragier, H.A. Van Doorn, F.M. van Setten, H.J.M. van den Heuvel, M.L.M.C. van der Sluis TUE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
	Funding: This project is financed by the "Interreg V programme Flanders-Netherlands" with financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development. Compact inverse Compton scattering X-ray sources are gaining in popularity as the future of lab-based x-ray sources. SmartLight is one such facility, under commissioning at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), which is based on high gradient X-band technology originally designed for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and its test stands located at CERN. Critical to the beam quality is the RF system which aims to deliver 10-24 MW RF pulses at repetition rates up to 1 kHz with a high amplitude and phase stability of <0.5\% and <0.65~^° allowing it to adhere to strict synchronicity conditions at the interaction point. This work overviews the design of the high power and low level RF systems for SmartLight.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB073
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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WEPAB131	Magnetic Tuning and Installation Modifications of U48 Undulator for the Delhi Light Source (DLS)	undulator, electron, vacuum, focusing	2918

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPAB009

Review of the Fixed Target Operation at RHIC in 2020

target, experiment, operation, kicker

69

C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
As part of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) physics program, RHIC operated in Fixed Target mode at various beam energies in 2020. The fixed target experiment, achieved by scraping the beam halo of the circulating beam on a gold ring inserted in the beam pipe upstream of the experimental detectors, extends the range of the center-of-mass energy for BES. The machine configuration, control of rates, and results of the fixed target experiment operation in 2020 will be presented in this report.

Poster MOPAB009 [2.913 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB009

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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MOPAB029

Burn-Off with Asymmetric Interaction Points

luminosity, emittance, experiment, simulation

138

R. Tomás García, I. Efthymiopoulos, G. Iadarola
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

LHC can host above 2700 proton bunches per ring providing collisions in the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE interaction points. ATLAS and CMS are placed symmetrically so that they feature the same colliding bunch pairs. However this is not the case for LHCb, hence introducing unwanted bunch-by-bunch variations of the bunch intensity as the physics fill evolves. We present first analytical derivations, numerical simulations and experimental data in different bunch train collision configurations.

Poster MOPAB029 [1.502 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB029

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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MOPAB030

Research and Development Progress of CEPC RF Shield Bellows

vacuum, positron, impedance, electron

142

J.M. Liu, Y.H. Guan, S.M. Liu, B. Tan, P.C. Wang
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
H. Dong, Y. Ma
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
H.Y. He, T. Huang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The circular electron positron collider (CEPC) is a candidate for the next-generation electron positron collider, which can be used to accurately measure the Higgs and electroweak bosons. The RF shield bellow is a vacuum component necessary for the construction of CEPC. Therefore, a RF shield bellow model machine with an elliptical cross-section was designed and processed for technical verification. Based on the traditional interdigital structure, a special contact force testing device was also designed to reduce measurement errors. The on-off status of the circuit was used by the device to determine whether the spring finger was pulled up, thus reducing the influences of human factors in the measurement process. It can be known from the measurement results of the model machine that the contact force of the spring finger is between 120g and 130g, which can satisfy the technical requirements.

Poster MOPAB030 [1.467 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB030

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB047

A CAD Tool for Linear Optics Design: A Use Case Approach

software, MMI, optics, GUI

205

J. Bengtsson
HZB, Berlin, Germany
T.J.R. Nicholls, W.A.H. Rogers
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The formula relevant for linear optics design of synchrotrons are derived systematically from first principles, i.e., an exercise in Hamiltonian dynamics. Equipped with these, the relevant use cases are then captured; for a streamlined approach. To enable professionals, i.e., software engineers, to efficiently prototype & architect a CAD tool available to mechanical engineers since the mid-1960s. In other words, robust design of a modern synchrotron is an exercise in/pursuit of the art of Engineering-Science.

Poster MOPAB047 [1.059 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB047

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB048

Robust Design and Control of the Nonlinear Dynamics for BESSY-III

lattice, optics, sextupole, synchrotron

209

J. Bengtsson, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The design philosophy for a robust prototype lattice design for BESSY III, i.e., that is insensitive to small parameter changes, e.g. engineering tolerances - based on a higher-order-achromat, a la: SLS, NSLS-II, MAX IV, and SLS 2 - is outlined & presented. As usual, a well optimized design requires a clear understanding of the end-user requirements and close collaboration between the linear optics designer and nonlinear dynamics specialist for a systems approach.

Poster MOPAB048 [1.202 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB048

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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MOPAB124

APS Booster Injection Horizontal Trajectory Control Upgrade

injection, booster, timing, operation

449

C. Yao, J.R. Calvey, G.I. Fystro, A.F. Pietryla, H. Shang
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: * Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO₂-O6CH11357.
The APS booster is a 7-GeV electron synchrotron with a 0.5-second cycle. The booster runs a set of injection control programs that correct the beam trajectory in the horizontal and longitudinal planes, and the betatron tunes. Recently we developed a single-turn BPM controllaw program for horizontal trajectory control to replace the previous FFT based horizontal controllaw program. We present the system configuration and results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB124

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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MOPAB146

Status of the C-Band Engineering Research Facility (CERF-NM) Test Stand Development at LANL

cavity, GUI, klystron, radiation

509

D. Gorelov
Private Address, Los Alamos, USA
R.L. Fleming, S.K. Lawrence, J.W. Lewellen, D. Perez, M.E. Schneider, E.I. Simakov, T. Tajima
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M.E. Middendorf
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: LDRD-DR Project 20200057DR
C-Band structures research is of increasing interest to the accelerator community. The RF frequency range of 4-6 GHz gives the opportunity to achieve significant increase in the accelerating gradient, and having the wakefields at the manageable levels, while keeping the geometric dimensions of the structure technologically convenient. Strong team of scientists, including theorists researching properties of metals under stressful thermal conditions and high electromagnetic fields, metallurgists working with copper as well as alloys of interest, and accelerator scientists developing new structure designs, is formed at LANL to develop a CERF-NM facility. A 50 MW, 5.712 GHz Canon klystron, was purchased in 2019, and laid the basis for this facility. As of Jan-21, the construction of the Test Stand has been finished and the high gradient processing of the waveguide components has been started. Future plans include high gradient testing of various accelerating structures, including benchmark C-band accelerating cavity, a proton ß=0.5 cavity, and cavities made from different alloys. An upgrade to the facility is planned to allow for testing accelerator cavities at cryogenic temperatures.

Poster MOPAB146 [3.778 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB146

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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MOPAB192

LILac Energy Upgrade to 13 MeV

cavity, linac, proton, LLRF

651

B. Koubek, S. Altürk, M. Busch, H. Höltermann, J.D. Kaiser, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Schwarz, W. Schweizer, D. Strehl, R. Tiede, C. Trageser
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
A. Brunzel, P. Nonn, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.A. Monchinsky, D.O. Ponkin, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In the frame of the NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) ion collider upgrade a new light ion LINAC for protons and ions will be built in collaboration between JINR and BEVATECH GmbH. While ions with a mass-to-charge ratio up to 3 will be fed into the NUCLOTRON ring with an energy of 7 MeV/u, protons are supposed to be accelerated up to an energy of 13 MeV using a third IH structure. This energy upgrade comprises a third IH structure, a dual-use Debuncher cavity as well as an extension of the LLRF control system built on MicroTCA technology.

Poster MOPAB192 [4.914 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB192

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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MOPAB198

Study on Magnet Sorting of the CSNS/RCS Dipoles

dipole, closed-orbit, MMI, neutron

665

Y. Li, Y.W. An
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Z.P. Li, S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

The 1.6GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power pulsed proton machine aiming for 500kW output beam power. Now, the routine output beam power has been increased to 100kW. However, the horizontal bare orbit in the ring is large (15mm) and the number of correctors is small, which brings great challenges to the ramp-up of beam power. It is found that the bare orbit in AC mode is 3-4mm larger than that in DC mode. The reason is that the AC dipoles field error is larger than DC dipoles field error. Therefore, it is proposed to sort dipoles again according to the AC dipoles field error. In order to reduce the risk of beam commissioning, fewer magnets should to be moved to achieve smaller orbit. The best results of moving two to six magnets were calculated. After sorting, the orbit can be reduced by 3-4mm, which reduces the difficulty of orbit correction.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB198

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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MOPAB256

Development of Pulsed Beam System for the Three Dimensional Spiral Injection Scheme in the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM Experiment

injection, experiment, kicker, power-supply

809

R. Matsushita
The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
M. Abe, K. Hurukawa, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, M.A. Rehman, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, K. Oda, Y. Sato, M. Sugita
Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Saito
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Takayanagi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment(g-2) and electric dipole moment(EDM) of the muon with higher precision than the previous BNL E821 experiment. A brand-new three-dimensional spiral injection scheme is employed to inject and store muon beam into a 66 cm diameter of storage magnet. Feasibility studies are ongoing by use of 80 keV electron beam at KEK test bench, to develop skills on control transverse beam motion; so-called X-Y coupling, with DC beam. As a next step, towards store the beam by use of a kicker system, a pulsed beam should be generated from the DC beam with an intended time structure to meet a pulse kicker’s duration time, without changing transverse phase space characteristics. In this presentation, the development of a beam chopper device and the evaluation of pulse beam profile are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB256

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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MOPAB278

Prototype of the Bunch Arrival Time Monitor for SHINE

pick-up, laser, FEL, electron

881

X.Q. Liu, L.W. Lai
SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Y.B. Leng, R.X. Yuan, N. Zhang, Y.M. Zhou
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (Grant No. 2019290)
Bunch arrival time monitor (BAM) is an important tool to investigate the temporal characteristic of electron bunch in free electron lasers (FEL). Since the timing jitter of electron bunch will affect the FEL’s stability and the resolution of time-resolved experiment at FELs, it is nec-essary to precisely measure the electron bunch’s arrival time information to stabilize the electron bunch’s timing jitter using beam-based feedback. The BAM based on electro-optic modulator (EOM) is currently being devel-oping for Shanghai high-repetition-rate XFEL and Ex-treme light facility (SHINE). And the first BAM prototype has been installed on SXFEL for beam test. The beam test result shows that the estimated resolution of the pro-totype is about 27.5 fs rms.

Poster MOPAB278 [1.166 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB278

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB284

Status of the Dedicated Electron Diagnostic Beamline at AXSIS

electron, diagnostics, MMI, dipole

902

H. Dinter, R.W. Aßmann, F. Burkart, M.J. Kellermeier
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
C. Lechner
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany

Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 609920.
AXSIS (Attosecond X-ray Science: Imaging and Spectroscopy) is a compact, accelerator-driven X-ray source currently under construction at DESY Hamburg. It comprises a THz-powered electron gun and THz-driven linac for all-optical electron extraction and acceleration to several MeV with the goal of providing X-rays generated by inverse Compton scattering for photon science experiments. For the commissioning and characterisation of the THz gun and linac the facility includes a dedicated accelerator testing area, for which an electron diagnostic beamline has been designed and is currently under construction. The challenges imposed by the AXSIS project on the development of the diagnostics beamline are the wide ranges of bunch charge (15 fC to 3 pC) and energy (5 MeV to 20 MeV) expected from the THz-driven accelerator as well as the limited available space of only ca. 2.5 metres length. In this contribution we present an overview of the design and the current commissioning status of the electron diagnostic beamline as well as plans for future steps.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB284

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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MOPAB289

Machine Learning Training for HOM reduction and Emittance Preservation in a TESLA-type Cryomodule at FAST

HOM, cavity, emittance, electron

916

J.A. Diaz Cruz
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
J.A. Diaz Cruz, A.L. Edelen, B.T. Jacobson, J.P. Sikora
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
D.R. Edstrom, A.H. Lumpkin, R.M. Thurman-Keup
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Low emittance electron beams are of high importance at facilities like the LCLS-II at SLAC. Emittance dilution effects due to off-axis beam transport for a TESLA-type cryomodule (CM) have been shown at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility. The results showed the correlation between the electron beam-induced cavity high-order modes (HOMs) and submacropulse centroid slewing and oscillation downstream of the CM. Mitigation of emittance dilution can be achieved by reducing the HOM signals and the variances in the submacropulse beam positions downstream of the CM. Here we present a Machine Learning based optimization and model construction for HOM signal level reduction using Neural Networks and Gaussian Processes. To gather training data we performed experiments using single bunch and 50 bunch electron beams with charges up to 125 pC/b. We measured HOM signals of all cavities and beam position with a set of BPMs downstream of the CM. The beam trajectory was changed using V/H125 corrector set located upstream of the CM. The results presented here will inform the LCLS-II injector commissioning and will serve as a prototype for HOM reduction and emittance preservation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB289

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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MOPAB290

Machine Learning-Based LLRF and Resonance Control of Superconducting Cavities

cavity, LLRF, simulation, SRF

920

J.A. Diaz Cruz, S. Biedron, M. Martínez-Ramón
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
J.A. Diaz Cruz
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
R. Pirayesh
UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
S. Sosa
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under award number DE-SC0019468.
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities with high loaded quality factors that operate in continuous wave (CW) and low beam loading are sensitive to microphonics-induced detuning. Cavity detuning can result in an increase of operational power and/or in a cavity quench. Such SRF cavities have bandwidths on the order of 10 Hz and detuning requirements can be as tight as 10 Hz. Passive methods to mitigate vibration sources and their impact in the cryomodule/cavity environment are widely used. Active resonance control techniques that use stepper motors and piezoelectric actuators to tune the cavity resonance frequency by compensating for microphonics detuning have been investigated. These control techniques could be further improved by applying Machine Learning (ML), which has shown promising results in other particle accelerator control systems. In this paper, we describe a Low-level RF (LLRF) and resonance control system based on ML methods that optimally and adaptively tunes the control parameters. We present simulations and test results obtained using a low power test bench with a cavity emulator.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB290

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paper received ※ 03 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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MOPAB300

Description of the Beam Diagnostics Systems for the SOCIT, SODIT and SODIB Applied Research Stations Based on the NICA Accelerator Complex

detector, diagnostics, experiment, radiation

946

A. Slivin, A. Agapov, A.A. Baldin, A.V. Butenko, G.A. Filatov, K.N. Shipulin, E. Syresin, G.N. Timoshenko, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D.V. Bobrovskiy, A.I. Chumakov, S. Soloviev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
I.L. Glebov, V.A. Luzanov
GIRO-PROM, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.S. Kubankin
BelSU, Belgorod, Russia
T. Kulevoy, Y.E. Titarenko
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Within the framework of the NICA project an Innovation Block is being constructed. It includes an applied research station for microchips with a package for Single Event Effects (SEE) testing (energy range of 150-500 MeV/n, the SODIT station), an applied research station for testing of decapsulated microchips (ion energy up to 3,2 MeV/n, the SOCIT station), and an applied research station for space radiobiological research and modelling of influence of heavy charged particles on cognitive functions of the brain of small laboratory animals and primates (energy range 500-1000 MeV/n, the SODIB station). The systems for diagnostics and control of the beam characteristics during the certification and adjustment as well as the systems for online diagnostics and control of the beam characteristics of the SOCIT, SODIT and SODIB applied research stations are described.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB300

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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MOPAB319

Development of a Fast Betatron Tune and Chromaticity Measurement System for COSY

betatron, acceleration, GUI, resonance

983

P.J. Niedermayer, C. Böhme, B. Breitkreutz, V. Kamerdzhiev, A. Lehrach
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
A. Lehrach
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

A fast tune measurement is developed for the Cooler Synchrotron COSY at the Institut für Kernphysik of Forschungszentrum Jülich. Betatron oscillations of the beam are excited with a band-limited RF signal via a stripline kicker. Resonant transverse oscillations are then observed using capacitive beam position monitors. Based on the bunch-by-bunch beam position data the betatron tune is determined. The usage of bunch-by-bunch data is characteristic of the new system. It allows for a discrete tune measurement within a few milliseconds, as well as continuous tune monitoring during beam acceleration. The high precision tune measurement also enables determination of the beam chromaticity. Therefore, the beam momentum is varied by means of the RF frequency and the subsequent tune change is determined. For routine use during beam operation and experiments, the developed method is integrated into the control system.

Poster MOPAB319 [1.209 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB319

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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MOPAB320

The CMS ECAL Enfourneur: A Gigantic Machine with a Soft Touch

operation, alignment, insertion, experiment

986

V. Pettinacci
INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy

The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS experiment at the LHC is composed of 75848 scintillating lead tungstate crystals arranged in a barrel section and two endcaps. The barrel part is made of 36 supermodules (SM), 2.7 tons each, and is installed inside the CMS magnet. There are 18 SMs on each side of CMS, with each SM containing 1700 crystals. During Long Shutdown 3, all ECAL SMs must be extracted to refurbish the electronics in preparation for HL-LHC. A dedicated machine called the "Enfourneur" is used to extract and re-insert the SMs inside CMS, with a required accuracy of about 1mm. In order to speed up the extraction and insertion process, two Enfourneurs will be employed, operating in parallel on both sides. In view of the purchase of the second Enfourneur, the design has been improved, starting from the feedback of past operations. The improvements to the new Enfourneur design include increased space for the operators, optimization of the operations and the controls with the use of electric motors, and an updated alignment system. Handling plans inside the CMS cavern have been defined in order to be compliant with the rest of CMS structures and procedures.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB320

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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MOPAB321

Schlieren Imaging for Flow Visualisation of Gas Jet in Vacuum for Accelerator Applications

vacuum, laser, solenoid, linac

989

S. Rosily, B. Dikshit, S. Krishnagopal
Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India
S. Krishnagopal, S. Rosily
BARC, Mumbai, India

Schlieren imaging was explored for flow visualising of a gas jet in vacuum for beam profile monitor application. In supersonic gas jet based beam profile monitors, the high density jet flows through various differentially pumped skimmer stages before being shaped into a sheet. Schlieren imaging is a well known technique used in aerodynamic studies to visualise gas flow. This technique is explained in the paper along with a gist of other flow visualisation techniques. An Z-type schlieren imaging setup used to view the high density flow features of a pulsed supersonic gas jet inside vacuum is described in detail. Flow around a Pitot probe in supersonic flow was simulated and the resultant density profile obtained was compared with the image obtained using schlieren imaging. The flow features including a detached shock around the tip of the probe was observable at medium and high vacuum after processing the image. Image processing algorithms and tools useful for this application are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB321

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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MOPAB322

Electronics for Bead-pull Measurement of Radio Frequency Accelerating Structures in LEHIPA

cavity, software, rfq, interface

993

S. Rosily, S. Krishnagopal
Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India
S. Krishnagopal, S. Singh
BARC, Mumbai, India

For carrying out bead-pull characterisation of RFQ and DTL at the Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator of BARC, a controller for simultaneous motion of 64 axis, tuners or post couplers, was developed. Also, a bead motion controller with integrated phase measurement sensor was developed. The paper discusses the requirements of the system, the architecture of the control systems, operation and results. The results obtained from the sensor was compared to that obtained using an independent USB VNA. The advantages of the system especially with addition of internal phase measurement sensor including minimising position error, flexibility in beadpull to selectively increase resolution at specified locations and ease of implementing auto-tuning algorithms are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB322

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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MOPAB355

Multi-Objective Optimization of RF Structures

cavity, impedance, RF-structure, ECR

1103

S.J. Smith, R. Apsimon, G. Burt, M.J.W. Southerby
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
S. Setiniyaz
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
S. Setiniyaz
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

In this work, we apply multi-objective optimization methods to single-cell cavity models generated using non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS). This modeling method uses control points and a NURBS to generate the cavity geometry, which allows for greater flexibility in the shape, leading to improved performance. Using this approach and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) we find the Pareto frontiers for the typical key quantities of interest (QoI) including peak fields, shunt impedance and the modified Poynting vector. Visualizing these results becomes increasingly more difficult as the number of objectives increases, therefore, in order to understand these frontiers, we provide several techniques for analyzing, visualizing and using multi-dimensional Pareto fronts specifically for RF cavity design.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB355

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB356

The ESS MEBT RF Buncher Cavities Conditioning Process

cavity, vacuum, MEBT, EPICS

1107

I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, S. Masa, I. Mazkiaran, L.C. Medina, J.L. Muñoz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Etxeberria, J.P.S. Martins
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Funding: This work is part of FEDER-TRACKS project, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) .
As part of the 5 MW European Spallation Source (ESS), the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) was designed, assembled, and installed in the tunnel since May 2020 by ESS-Bilbao. This section of the accelerator is located between the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and the Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The main purpose of the MEBT is to match the incoming beam from the RFQ both transversely and longitudinally into the DTL. The longitudinal matching is achieved by three 352.209 MHz RF buncher cavities. In this paper, we focus on the RF conditioning process for each set of power coupler and buncher cavity. For this purpose, different tools were developed on EPICS and Python as well as electronics hardware such as Fast Interlock Module (FIM) and timing system. These tools served to automatize both the cavity frequency tuning and the power ramp-up process and will be described in detail in the following sections.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB356

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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MOPAB363

Design, Characteristics and Dynamic Properties of Mobile Plunger-based Frequency Tuning System for Coaxial Half Wave Resonators

cavity, operation, experiment, resonance

1129

D. Bychanok, S. Huseu, S.A. Maksimenko, A.E. Sukhotski
INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
A.V. Butenko, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M. Gusarova, M.V. Lalayan, S.M. Polozov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
V.S. Petrakovsky, A.I. Pokrovsky, A. Shvedov, S.V. Yurevich
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Y. Tamashevich
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The practical realization of a prototype of the frequency tuning system (FTS) for coaxial half-wave cavities (HWR) for the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) injector is presented. The impact of FTS on electromagnetic parameters of copper HWR prototype is experimentally studied and discussed. The most important parameters like tuning range, tuning sensitivity, the dependence of the resonant frequency on the position of the plungers are estimated. The effective operation algorithms of the proposed FTS are discussed and analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of FTS are investigated and showed the ability to adjust the frequency with an accuracy of about 70 Hz.

Poster MOPAB363 [3.597 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB363

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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MOPAB390

Development of a 166.6 MHz Low-Level RF System by Direct Sampling for High Energy Photon Source

cavity, LLRF, photon, pick-up

1189

D.B. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work was supported by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China.
A digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system by direct sampling has been proposed for 166.6 MHz superconducting cavities at High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The RF field inside the cavities has to be controlled better than ±0.1% (peak to peak) in amplitude and ±0.1 deg (peak to peak) in phase. Considering that the RF frequency is 166.6 MHz, which is well within the analog bandwidth of modern high-speed ADCs and DACs, direct RF sampling and direct digital modulation can be achieved. A digital LLRF system utilizing direct sampling has therefore been developed with embedded experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) in the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance in the lab has been characterized in a self-closed loop with a residual peak-to-peak noise of ±0.05% in amplitude and ±0.03 deg in phase, which is well below the HEPS specifications. Further tests on a warm 166.6 MHz cavity in the lab are also presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB390

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB391

Conduction Cooling Methods for Nb₃Sn SRF Cavities and Cryomodules

cavity, SRF, accelerating-gradient, simulation

1192

N.A. Stilin, A.T. Holic, M. Liepe, R.D. Porter, J. Sears, Z. Sun
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Rapid progress in the performance of Nb₃Sn SRF cavities during the last few years has made Nb₃Sn an energy efficient alternative to traditional Nb cavities, thereby initiating a fundamental shift in SRF technology. These Nb₃Sn cavities can operate at significantly higher temperatures than Nb cavities while simultaneously requiring less cooling power. This critical property enables the use of new, robust, turn-key style cryogenic cooling schemes based on conduction cooling with commercial cryocoolers. Cornell University has developed and tested a 2.6 GHz Nb₃Sn cavity assembly which utilizes such cooling methods. These tests have demonstrated stable RF operation at 10 MV/m and the measured thermal dynamics match what is found in numerical simulations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB391

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUXC03

Ferro-Electric Fast Reactive Tuner Applications for SRF Cavities

cavity, SRF, beam-loading, operation

1305

N.C. Shipman, A. Castilla, M.R. Coly, F. Gerigk, A. Macpherson, N. Stapley, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
I. Ben-Zvi
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
G. Burt, A. Castilla
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin
Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA

A Ferro-Electric fast Reactive Tuner (FE-FRT) is a novel type of RF cavity tuner containing a low loss ferroelectric material. FE-FRTs have no moving parts and allow cavity frequencies to be changed extremely quickly (on the timescale of 100s of ns or less). They are of particular interest for SRF cavities as they can be placed outside the liquid helium environment and without an FE-FRT it’s typically very difficult to tune SRF cavities quickly. FE-FRTs can be used for a wide variety of use cases including microphonics suppression, RF switching, and transient beam loading compensation. This promises entirely new operational capabilities, increased performance and cost savings for a variety of existing and proposed accelerators. An overview of the theory and potential applications will be discussed in detail.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXC03

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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TUPAB035

ESS Medium Beta Cavities Status at INFN LASA

cavity, SRF, linac, multipactoring

1420

D. Sertore, M. Bertucci, M. Bonezzi, A. Bosotti, A. D’Ambros, A.T. Grimaldi, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, R. Paparella
INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
C. Pagani
Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy

INFN Milano contributes in-kind to the ESS ERIC Superconducting Linac supplying 36 cavities for the Medium Beta section of the proton accelerator. The production has reached completion, being all the cavities mechanical fabricated, BCP treated and, for most of them, also qualified with vertical test at cold. In this paper, we report on the results and lessons learnt and the actions taken both for quality control managing and recovery of the few cavities that did not reach the project goal after the first qualification test.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB035

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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TUPAB063

Study of PF-Ring Infrastructure Improvements Using Temperature Measurements in the Ring Tunnel

injection, experiment, operation, radiation

1508

N. Nakamura, K. Haga, T. Nogami, M. Tadano
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Temperature measurements have been performed in the PF-ring tunnel in order to understand the infrastructure performance and the temperature stability towards the PF upgrade project, where better beam stability will be required. Based on the temperature measurements, possible improvements of the PF-ring infrastructure such as an air-conditioning system have been studied to enhance the temperature stability in the PF-ring tunnel. In this paper, we present results of the temperature measurements in the PF-ring tunnel and a proposal of the PF-ring infrastructure improvements for the temperature stabilization.

Poster TUPAB063 [6.169 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB063

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB079

Using ER@CEBAF to Show that a Multipass ERL Can Drive an XFEL

FEL, operation, electron, acceleration

1555

G. Perez-Segurana
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey, P.H. Williams
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
R.M. Bodenstein, S.A. Bogacz, D. Douglas, Y. Roblin, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
T. Satogata
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

A multi-pass recirculating superconducting CW linac offers a cost effective path to a multi-user facility with unprecedented scientific and industrial reach over a wide range of disciplines. We propose such a facility as an option for a potential UK-XFEL. Energy Recovery enables multi-MHz FEL sources, for example, an X-ray FEL oscillator or regenerative amplifier FEL. Additionally, combining with external lasers and/or self-interaction would provide access to MeV and GeV gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering at high average power for nuclear and particle physics applications. An opportunity exists to demonstrate the necessary point-to-parallel longitudinal matches to drive an XFEL and successfully energy recover at the upcoming 5-pass up, 5-pass down Energy Recovery experiment on CEBAF at JLab termed ER@CEBAF. We show candidate matches and simulations supporting the minimal necessary modifications to CEBAF this will require. This includes linearisation of the longitudinal phase space in the injector and a reduction in the dispersion of the arcs, both of which increase the energy acceptance of CEBAF. We expect to commence initial tests of these adaptations on CEBAF during 2021.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB079

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB087

Full Characterization of the Bunch-Compressor Dipoles for FLUTE

dipole, electron, linac, HOM

1585

Y. Nie, A. Bernhard, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, Y. Tong
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF project 05H18VKRB1 HIRING (Federal Ministry of Education and Research).
The Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE) is a KIT-operated linac-based test facility for accelerator research and development as well as a compact, ultra-broadband and short-pulse terahertz (THz) source. As a key component of FLUTE, the bunch compressor (chicane) consisting of four specially designed dipoles will be used to compress the 40-50 MeV electron bunches after the linac down to single fs bunch length. The maximum vertical magnetic field of the dipoles reach 0.22 T, with an effective length of 200 mm. The good field region is ±40 mm and ±10.5 mm in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The latest measurement results of the dipoles in terms of field homogeneity, excitation and field reproducibility within the good field regions will be reported, which meet the predefined specifications. The measured 3D magnetic field distributions have been used to perform beam dynamics simulations of the bunch compressor. Effects of the real field properties on the beam dynamics, which are different from that of the ASTRA built-in dipole field, will be discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB087

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paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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TUPAB195

Local Orbit Correction Application for CSNS-RCS High Intensity Commissioning

MMI, optics, neutron, resonance

1865

Y.W. An, Y. Li, S.Y. Xu, Y. Yuan
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
M.T. Li
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity hadron pulse facility which achieved the design goal in March, 2020. The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is the important part of the CSNS which accelerates the proton beam from 80MeV to 1.6GeV. During the high intensity commissioning of the RCS, an local orbit correction application was developed. Because of the good performance of the local orbit controlling at the ramping stage, the beam loss was optimized effectively in the process of the acceleration. In the paper, the efficiency of the beam loss optimization during the acceleration is given and the future plans were proposed.

Poster TUPAB195 [2.279 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB195

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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TUPAB201

Vacuum Tube Operation Tuning for a High Intensity Beam Acceleration in J-PARC RCS

acceleration, vacuum, operation, electron

1884

M. Yamamoto, M. Nomura, H. Okita, T. Shimada, F. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
M. Furusawa, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Tetrode vacuum tubes in the J-PARC RCS are used under a reduced filament voltage condition compared with the rating value to prolong the tube life time. One tube reached the end of life in 2020; it was the first case in the RCS after 60,000 hours operation time. This means the reduced filament voltage works well because the tube has been running beyond an expected life time suggested by the tube manufacturer. However, an electron emission from the filament is decreased by the reduced filament voltage. Although the large amplitude of the anode current is necessary for the high intensity beam acceleration to compensate an wake voltage, a solid-state amplifier to drive a control grid circuit almost reaches the output power limit because of the poor electron emission. We changed the filament voltage reduction rate from 15 % to 5 %; the required power of the solid-state amplifier was fairly reduced, whereas the accelerated beam power was same. We will describe the measurement results of the vacuum tube parameters in terms of the filament voltage tuning.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB201

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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TUPAB203

Electromagnetic Simulations of a Novel Proton Linac Using VSim on HPC

linac, rfq, simulation, operation

1887

S.I. Sosa Guitron, S. Biedron, T.B. Bolin
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
J.R. Cary
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
M.S. Curtin, B. Hartman, T. Pressnall, D.A. Swenson
Ion Linac Systems, Inc., Albuquerque, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, award number DE-SC0019468; It used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and from Element Aero.
We discuss electromagnetic simulations of accelerating structures in a high performance computing (HPC) system. Our overarching goal is to resolve the linac operation in a large ensemble of initial beam conditions. This requires a symbiotic relation between the electromagnetic solver and HPC. The linac is being developed by Ion Linac Systems to produce a low-energy, high-current, proton beam. We use VSim, an electromagnetic solver and PIC software developed by Tech-X to determine the electromagnetic fundamental mode of operation of the accelerating structures and discuss its implementation at the THETA supercomputer in the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB203

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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TUPAB286

Experience with On-line Optimizers for APS Linac Front End Optimization

linac, gun, operation, injection

2151

H. Shang, M. Borland, X. Huang, Y. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
M. Song, Z. Zhang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: * Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and BES R&D project FWP 2020-ANL-34573
While the APS linac lattice is set up using a model developed with ELEGANT, the thermionic RF gun front end beam dynamics has been difficult to model. One of the issues is that beam properties from the thermionic gun can vary from time to time. As a result, linac front end beam tuning is required to establish good matching and maximize the charge transported through the linac. We have been using a traditional simplex optimizer to find the best settings for the gun front end magnets and steering magnets. However, it takes a long time and requires some fair initial conditions. Therefore, we imported other on-line optimizers, such as robust conjugate direction search (RCDS) which is a classic optimizer as simplex, multi-objective particle swarm (MOPSO), and multi-generation gaussian process optimizer (MG-GPO) which is based on machine learning technique. In this paper we report our experience with these on-line optimizers for maximum bunch charge transportation efficiency through the linac.

Poster TUPAB286 [2.964 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB286

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB287

Application of Artificial Neural Network in the APS Linac Bunch Charge Transmission Efficiency

linac, operation, kicker, photon

2155

H. Shang, R. Maulik, Y. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
T. Xu
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: * Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
In recent years there has been a rapid growth in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in accelerators. As the scale of complexity and sophistication of modern accelerators grows, the difficulties in modeling the machine increase greatly in order to include all the interacting subsystems and to consider the limitation of various diagnostics to benchmark against measurements. Tools based on ML can help substantially in revealing correlations of machine condition and beam parameters that are not easily discovered using traditional physics model-based simulations, reducing machine tuning up time etc among the many possible applications. While at APS we have many excellent tools for the optimization, diagnostics, and controls of the accelerators, we do not yet have ML-based tools established. It is our desire to test ML in our machine operation, optimization, and controls. In this paper, we introduce the application of neural networks to the APS linac bunch charge transmission efficiency.

Poster TUPAB287 [0.781 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB287

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB289

Towards Hysteresis Aware Bayesian Regression and Optimization

ISAC, experiment, target, operation

2159

R.J. Roussel
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A. Hanuka
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams.
Algorithms used today for accelerator optimization assume a simple proportional relationship between an intermediate tuning parameter and the resultant field or mechanism which influences the beam. This neglects the effects of hysteresis, where the magnetic or mechanical response depends not only on the current parameter value, but also on the historical parameter values. This prevents the use of one to one surrogate models, such as Gaussian processes, to assist in optimization when hysteresis effects are not negligible, since identical points in input space no longer correspond to a same point in output space. In this work, we demonstrate how Bayesian inference can be used in conjunction with Gaussian processes to jointly model both the hysteresis cycle of magnetic elements and the beam response. Using this technique we demonstrate how to model the hysteresis cycle of a magnet during accelerator operation in situ by only measuring the beam response, without direct magnetic field measurements. This allows us to quickly build accurate statistical models of the beam response that can be used for rapid tuning of accelerators where hysteresis effects are dominant.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB289

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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TUPAB290

Demonstration of Machine Learning Front-End Optimization of the Advanced Photon Source Linac

linac, gun, electron, photon

2163

A. Hanuka, J.P. Duris
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
H. Shang, Y. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

The electron beam for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is generated from a thermionic RF gun and accelerated by an S-band linear accelerator – the APS linac. While the APS linac lattice is set up using a model developed with ELEGANT, the thermionic RF gun front-end beam dynamics have been difficult to model. One of the issues is that beam properties from thermionic guns can vary. As a result, linac front-end beam tuning is required to establish good matching and maximize the charge transported through the linac. A traditional Nelder-Mead simplex optimizer has been used to find the best settings for the sixteen quadrupoles and steering magnets. However, it takes a long time and requires some fair initial conditions. The Gaussian Process (GP) optimizer does not have the initial condition limitation and runs several times faster. In this paper, we report our data collection and analysis for the training of the GP hyperparameters and discuss the application of GP optimizer on the APS linac front-end optimization for maximum bunch charge transportation efficiency through the linac.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB290

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paper received ※ 09 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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TUPAB291

Subsystem Level Data Acquisition for the Optical Synchronization System at European XFEL

FEL, laser, data-acquisition, database

2167

M. Schütte, A. Eichler, T. Lamb, V. Rybnikov, H. Schlarb, T. Wilksen
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The optical synchronization system for the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser provides sub-10 femtosecond timing precision * for the accelerator subsystems and experiments. This is achieved by phase locking a mode-locked laser oscillator to the main RF reference and distributing the optical pulse train carrying the time information via actively propagation-time stabilized optical fibers to multiple end-stations. Making up roughly one percent of the entire European XFEL, it is the first subsystem to receive a large-scale data acquisition system [2] for storing not just hand-selected information, but in fact all diagnostic, monitoring, and configuration data relevant to the optical synchronization available from the distributed control system infrastructure. A minimum of 100 TB per year may be stored in a persistent archive for long-term health monitoring and data mining whereas excess data is stored in a short-term ring buffer for high-resolution fault analysis and feature extraction algorithm development. This paper describes scale, challenges and first experiences from the optical synchronization data acquisition system.
* S. Schulz et al., "Few-Femtosecond Facility-Wide Sync. of the European XFEL," in Proc. FEL’19
** T. Wilksen et al., "A Bunch-Sync. DAQ System for the European XFEL," in Proc. ICALEPCS’17

Poster TUPAB291 [0.281 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB291

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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TUPAB292

Automation of the ReAccelerator Linac Phasing

cavity, detector, interface, linac

2170

D.J. Barofsky, A.I. Henriques, T.J. Kabana, A.S. Plastun
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D.B. Crisp, A. Lapierre, S. Nash, A.C.C. Villari
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1565546
The ReAccelerator (ReA) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University is a unique facility, as it offers the possibility to reaccelerate not only stable, but rare-isotope beams produced by fast-projectile fragmentation or fission. At ReA, beams are accelerated using a Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole and a superconducting linear accelerator before being delivered to experiments. Beam preparation time plays a major role in the availability of beams to experiments. One of the major time consuming tasks is the linac phasing, since there are 23 resonator cavities to be phased, usually with very low beam intensities. This procedure was automated using a combination of EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Controls System) In/Output Controllers (IOCs) and IOC triggered scripts to scan the resonator phase delay and measure the change in beam energy. We have developed user-friendly tools to phase the linac, which have been tested, making the task of phasing substantially easier. In this presentation, we will present our methodology, challenges faced, tools developed, and initial results of the application for automating the phasing of the ReA linac.

Poster TUPAB292 [1.140 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB292

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB295

Upgrade to the EPICS Control System at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Test Facility

EPICS, interface, data-acquisition, LLRF

2173

W. Liu, J.M. Byrd, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, A.N. Johnson, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, G. Shen, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: US Department of Energy, Office of Science
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) Test Facility has used a completely homebrewed, MS Windows-based control system for the last 20 years. In an effort to modernize the control system and prepare for an active machine learning program, the AWA will work with the Advanced Photon Source (APS) controls group to upgrade its control system to EPICS. The EPICS control system is expected to facilitate collaborations and support the future growth of AWA. An overview of the previous AWA control and data acquisition system is presented, along with a vision and path for completing the EPICS upgrade.

Poster TUPAB295 [1.108 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB295

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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TUPAB296

LLRF Upgrade at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Test Facility

LLRF, laser, klystron, pick-up

2176

W. Liu, D.S. Doran, G. Ha, P. Piot, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
L.R. Doolittle, D. Filippetto, D. Li, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano, V.K. Vytla
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: US Department of Energy, Office of Science
The Argonne Wakefiled Accelerator (AWA) Test Facility designed and operated a homemade LLRF system for the last 20 years. It is based on NI-PXI products that has now become obsolete. The AWA’s LLRF cannot keep up with the increasing stability demands of AWA’s upgraded facility. An overhaul of the system is strongly desired. With the support from DOE-HEP, the AWA is collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)to upgrade its LLRF system with modern instrumentation to meet the growing stability demands. An overview of AWA’s current LLRF system performance is presented together with the upgrade plan and expectations.

Poster TUPAB296 [1.943 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB296

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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TUPAB297

Data Archive System for Superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator at RIBF

EPICS, network, experiment, cyclotron

2178

A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

At RIKEN Nishina Center, superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator (SRILAC) was newly installed at downstream of existing accelerator and upgraded for the search experiments of super-heavy-elements with atomic numbers of 119 and higher. For the data archiving and the data visualization in RI Beam Factory (RIBF) project, we have utilized RIBFCAS (RIBF control archive system) since 2009. For the number of archived data point was expected to increase dramatically for SRILAC, we introduced the Archiver Appliance for improvement of the data archiving performance. On the other hand, to realize a user-friendly system about the data visualization, the data of RIBFCAS and the Archiver Appliance should be visualized on the same system. In this system, by implementing a Web application to convert the RIBFCAS data to JSON format, it became possible to unify the data format with the Archiver Appliance and display the data with the same viewer software. In the SRILAC beam commissioning, it became to useful system for finding anomalies and understanding the behavior of superconducting cavity. In this conference, we report the system implementation, developed tool, and the future plan in detail.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB297

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB298

First Steps Toward an Autonomous Accelerator, a Common Project Between DESY and KIT

electron, laser, operation, simulation

2182

A. Eichler, F. Burkart, J. Kaiser, W. Kuropka, O. Stein
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
E. Bründermann, A. Santamaria Garcia, C. Xu
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Helmholtz Artificial Cooperation Unit
Reinforcement Learning algorithms have risen in popularity in recent years in the accelerator physics community, showing potential in beam control and in the optimization and automation of tasks in accelerator operation. The Helmholtz AI project "Machine Learning toward Autonomous Accelerators" is a collaboration between DESY and KIT that works on investigating and developing RL applications for the automatic start-up of electron linear accelerators. The work is carried out in parallel at two similar research accelerators: ARES at DESY and FLUTE at KIT, giving the unique opportunity of transfer learning between facilities. One of the first steps of this project is the establishment of a common interface between the simulations and the machine, in order to test and apply various optimization approaches interchangeably between the two accelerators. In this paper we present the first results on the common interface and its application to beam focusing in ARES, and the idea of laser shaping with spatial light modulators at FLUTE.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB298

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB299

Tuned Delay Unit for a Stochastic Cooling System at NICA Collider

pick-up, FPGA, kicker, collider

2186

S.V. Barabin, T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin, A.Y. Orlov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
I.V. Gorelyshev, K.G. Osipov, V.V. Peshkov, A.O. Sidorin
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Stochastic cooling is one of the crucial NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) subsystems. This system requires fine tuning of the response delay to the kicker, for both longitudinal and transverse stochastic cooling systems. The use of a digital delay line allows to add additional features such as a frequency dependent group velocity correction. To analyse the capabilities of the digital delay unit, a prototype of the device was created and tested. The article presents the characteristics of the prototype, its architecture and principle of operation, test results and estimations for the future developments.

Poster TUPAB299 [0.493 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB299

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB300

Ion Source Optimization Using Bi-Objective Genetic and Matrix-Profile Algorithm

ion-source, experiment, ECR, software

2190

W. Geithner, Z. Andelkovic, O. Geithner, F. Herfurth, V. Rapp
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Neméth
Atato, Alzenau, Germany
A. Van Benschoten
MPF, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA
F. Wilhelmstötter
emarsys, Vienna, Austria

Employing the local ECR ion source of the FAIR phase 0 ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR, we set up an IT-environment for on-line data processing and applications based on the data available from beam diagnostic instruments and input signals controlling the ion source. As a first proof of principle, we implemented a closed-loop optimization software controller based on bi-objective Genetic Optimization*. As one property for optimization we used the ion beam current measured with a Faraday-cup detector. As second optimization-property we the on-line processed time-resolved signal of the individual ion-source pulses employing the relatively new Matrix-Profile Algorithm** which provides a measure for the shot-by-shot variability of the consecutive pulses. We will report on the status of the data logging framework, the implementation of related software programs and the results of first tests.
* Wilhelmstötter, F.: Jenetics advanced genetic algorithm, online http://jenetics.io
** Matrix Profile Foundation. Homepage, online https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation

Poster TUPAB300 [5.485 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB300

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paper received ※ 01 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB304

Preliminary Investigation of the Noises and Updates on Physics Studies of FOFB in HEPS

power-supply, storage-ring, lattice, factory

2197

X.Y. Huang, Y. Jiao, Y. Wei
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a Fourth-generation storage ring light source in China and is under construction. Noises, such as the ambient mechanical vibration and the power supply ripples of magnets, may induce large orbit motions of electron bunches and hence dramatically degrade the emitted photon beam quality. The effect of noises becomes significant and needs to be considered very carefully, especially when the emittances of the electron beam approach the diffraction limit of x-ray. For the HEPS, the noises are modelled and the total beam orbit motion is evaluated considering the spectral characteristics of all the transformation processes from the errors to the orbit. In this paper, we present the preliminary calculation of the effects of noises in HEPS, and the control of the orbit motion with the FOFB system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB304

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB306

Status of Beam-Based Feedback Research and Development for Continuous Wave SRF Linac ELBE

electron, feedback, cavity, LLRF

2200

A. Maalberg, M. Kuntzsch
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
E. Petlenkov
TalTech, Tallinn, Estonia

The superconducting electron linear accelerator ELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is a versatile light source operated in continuous wave mode. As the demand on the beam stability increases, the improvement of the beam control schemes currently installed at ELBE becomes highly relevant. This improvement can be achieved by an upgrade of the existing digital MicroTCA.4-based LLRF control scheme by beam-based feedback. By presenting both the design and implementation details of the new control scheme this contribution reports the status of the work in progress.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB306

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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TUPAB310

Establishing a Metrological Reference Network for the Alignment of Sirius

network, alignment, survey, laser

2214

H. Geraissate, G.R. Rovigatti de Oliveira
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
R. Junqueira Leão
CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Sirius is the Brazilian 4th generation synchrotron light source. It consists of three electron accelerators and it has room for up to 38 beamlines. To make the alignment of Sirius components possible, there is a need for a network of points comprising the installation volume, allowing the location of portable coordinate instruments on a common reference frame. This work describes the development of such networks for the whole Sirius facility. The layout of the networks is presented together with the survey strategies. Details are given on how the calculations combined laser trackers and optical level measurements data and how the Earth curvature compensation was performed. A novel laser tracker orientation technique applied for linking networks on different environments is also presented. Finally, the uncertainty estimation for the resulting network and its deformation history is shown.

Poster TUPAB310 [4.084 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB310

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB311

Nonlinear Correctors Tuning for the Collector Ring Isochronous Mode

sextupole, betatron, optics, proton

2218

M.A. Lyalin, I. Koop, D.B. Shwartz
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
I. Koop, M.A. Lyalin, D.B. Shwartz
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

One of the operating modes for the Collector Ring (CR) under construction in Darmstadt is the isochronous mode, in which the captured ions circulate with an equal period regardless of their momentum. The measurement of the orbital period T by the time-of-flight sensors makes it possible to precisely determine the mass to the charge ratio of the ion under study. For this, the change of the circulation period dT should not exceed 1·10^-6 for dT/T in the entire momentum acceptance of the 0.62%. Modeling in the Strategic Accelerator Design code showed that without nonlinear effects compensation, the orbital period variation is 1·10^-5. In this work, the parameters of nonlinear correctors, which are sextupoles and octupoles in CR, are determined, necessary for the isochronous mode implementation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB311

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paper received ※ 29 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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TUPAB314

SPS Personnel Protection System: From Design to Commissioning

site, operation, MMI, PLC

2224

T. Ladzinski, T. Hakulinen, F. Havart, V. Martins De Sousa Dos Rios, M. Munoz Codoceo, P. Ninin, J.P. Ridewood, E. Sanchez-Corral Mena, D. Vaxelaire
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

During the second long shutdown (LS2) of the accelerator complex at CERN, the access system of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) was completely renovated. This complex project was motivated by the technical obsolescence and lack of sufficient redundancy in the existing system, as well as by the need for homogenisation of technologies and practices across the different machines at CERN. The new Personnel Protection System includes 16 state-of-the-art access points making sure that only fully identified, trained and authorised personnel can enter the facility and an interlock system with a rationalized number of safety chains designed to meet the current safety standards. The control part is based on Siemens 1500 series of programmable logic controllers, complemented by a technologically diverse relay logic loop for the critical safety functions. This paper presents the new system and the design choices made to permit fast installation in a period where the access system itself was heavily used to allow vast upgrades of the SPS accelerator and its infrastructure. It also covers the verification and validation methodology and lessons learned during the commissioning phase.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB314

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB318

The Beamline Safety Interlock System of Taiwan Photon Source

radiation, vacuum, photon, synchrotron-radiation

2239

C.F. Chang, C.Y. Chang, C.Y. Liu, H.Y. Yan
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The energy of synchrotron radiation generated by bremsstrahlung radiation and magnet is rather high, which may cause serious radiation damage to human body or even imperil people’s life. The beamline therefore must be equipped with radiation-protection system; in addition, the overheat of optical components exposed to synchrotron radiation will lead to the damage of optical components and devices. In consequence, the beamline should be furnished with the cooling-protection system to cool down optical components and devices. The Beamline Safety Interlock System targets at protecting the personnel and the safety of devices, limiting the radiation dose to a security value for experimental personnel or staffs exposing to radiation on the site as well as preventing beamline components from being exposed to overheat or vacuum damages to improve the effectiveness of beamline.

Poster TUPAB318 [3.440 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB318

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paper received ※ 09 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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TUPAB319

SNS Credited Beam Power Limit System Preliminary Design

PLC, timing, target, dipole

2242

C. Deibele
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.L. Mahoney
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

The Controls Group at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is designing a programmable signal processor based credited safety control that calculates pulsed beam power based on beam kinetic energy and charge. The system must reliably shut off the beam if the average power exceeds 2.145 MW averaged over 60 seconds. This paper discusses architecture and design choices needed to develop the system under the auspices of a programmable radiation-safety credit control.

Poster TUPAB319 [1.925 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB319

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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TUPAB322

Redesign and Upgrade of the LHC Access Control System

site, interface, hardware, PLC

2249

T. Hakulinen, S. Di Luca, G. Godineau, R. Nunes, G. Smith
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The old LHC Access Control System (LACS) was based on a single access control solution, which integrated software and hardware into one monolithic application encompassing all the different subsystems (access control, video surveillance, interphones, biometry, equipment control, safety elements). Both the hardware and software were approaching end-of-life by the vendor before the CERN Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). The new design is based on a distributed approach, where the different subsystems are integrated in a flexible manner with well-defined interfaces, which will permit much easier single sub-system management, upgrades, and even full replacements if necessary. From the system point of view, the focus is on the advantages that this redesign brings to system operation, testing, and management. Procedurally the interest is in the overall management of a very complex in-place upgrade of a system, where the new implementation needed to coexist with the old during its constant simultaneous solicitation over the LS2.

Poster TUPAB322 [6.906 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB322

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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TUPAB327

Developing Robust Digital Twins and Reinforcement Learning for Accelerator Control Systems at the Fermilab Booster

network, booster, power-supply, FPGA

2268

D.L. Kafkes
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M. Schram
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: This research was sponsored by the Fermilab Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program under Project ID FNAL-LDRD-2019-027: Accelerator Control with Artificial Intelligence.
We describe the offline machine learning (ML) development for an effort to precisely regulate the Gradient Magnet Power Supply (GMPS) at the Fermilab Booster accelerator complex via a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). As part of this effort, we created a digital twin of the Booster-GMPS control system by training a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to capture its full dynamics. We outline the path we took to carefully validate our digital twin before deploying it as a reinforcement learning (RL) environment. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of a Deep Q-Network (DQN) policy model with the capability to regulate the GMPS against realistic time-varying perturbations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB327

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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TUPAB346

Development of a 500-MHz 150-kW Solid-State Power Amplifier for High Energy Photon Source

GUI, cavity, photon, booster

2312

Y.L. Luo, T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q. Ma, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

A 500-MHz 150-kW solid-state power amplifier (SSA) has been developed to test the 500-MHz normal conducting cavities for High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) booster ring. It will also be used to power normal conducting cavities in the initial beam commissioning stage of the HEPS storage ring. A total number of 96 amplifier modules are combined initially by coaxial and later by waveguide combiners to deliver the 150-kW RF power. The final output is of EIA standard WR1800 rectangular waveguide. Each amplifier module consists four transistors equipped with individual circulator and load and outputs 2-kW RF power. Modularity, redundancy and satisfactory RF performance are demonstrated. In the final stage of HEPS project, this 150-kW amplifier will be modified to a 100-kW amplifier to join the other five 100-kW SSAs for normal operation of the booster cavities. The development and test results are presented in this paper.

Poster TUPAB346 [1.870 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB346

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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TUPAB347

Development of a 166-MHz 260-kW Solid-State Power Amplifier for High Energy Photon Source

photon, status, power-supply, cavity

2315

Y.L. Luo, T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q. Ma, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

166-MHz 260-kW solid-state power amplifiers have been chosen to drive the 166.6-MHz superconducting cavities for the storage ring of High Energy Photon Source. Highly modular yet compact are desired. A total number of 112 amplifier modules of 3 kW each are combined in a multi-stage power combining topology. The final output is of 9-3/16" 50 Ω coaxial rigid line. Each amplifier module consists of 3 LDMOS transistors with individual circulator and load. Thermal simulations of the amplifier module have been conducted to optimize cooling capabilities for both travelling-wave and full-reflection operation scenarios. High efficiency, sufficient redundancy and excellent RF performances of the 260-kW system are demonstrated. A control system is also integrated and EPICS is used to manage the monitored data. The design and test results of the amplifier system are presented in this paper.

Poster TUPAB347 [1.972 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB347

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB349

High Efficiency, Low Cost RF Sources for Accelerators and Colliders

cavity, klystron, simulation, electron

2322

R.L. Ives, T. Bui, G. Collins, H. Freund, T.W. Habermann, D. Marsden, M.E. Read
CCR, San Mateo, California, USA
B.E. Chase, J. Reid
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
N. Chaudhary, J.R. Conant, T. Cox, R. Ho, C. McVey, C.M. Walker
CPI, Palo Alto, California, USA
J.C. Frisch, L. Ma
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
A. Jensen
Leidos Corp, Billerica, MA, USA
J.M. Potter
JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
W. Sessions
Georgia Tech Research Institute, Smyrna, Georgia, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy
Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. (CCR) and its collaborators are developing high efficiency, low cost RF sources. Phase and Amplitude Controlled Magnetrons: CCR, Fermilab, and Communications & Power Industries, LLC (CPI) recently developed a 100 kW, 1.3 GHz magnetron system with amplitude and phase control. The system operated at more than 80% efficiency and demonstrated rapid control of amplitude and phase. Multiple Beam Triodes: CCR, in collaboration with CPI and JP Accelerator Works, Inc., is developing 200 kW, pulsed and CW RF sources from 350 to 700 MHz with projected efficiencies exceeding 80% and cost of $0.50/Watt. Prototype tubes are scheduled for tests in spring 2021. High Efficiency Klystrons:CCR, CPI, and Leidos, Inc. are building a 1.3 GHz, 100 kW klystron operating at 80% efficiency. High power testing is scheduled for summer 2021. Multiple Beam IOTs: CCR and Georgia Tech Research Institute are developing MBIOTs with simplified input coupling and high efficiency. Simulations indicate that 3rd harmonic drive power can increase the efficiency 8-10 %. The program is developing a prototype tube to produce 200 kW peak, 100 kW average power at 704 MHz.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB349

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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TUPAB351

The Progress of 300 kW Home-Made Fully Solid-State Transmitter for TPS

power-supply, ISOL, operation, HOM

2328

T.-C. Yu, F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

To support the stable operation of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) with 500mA beam current and the in-creasing beam line construction, a 3rd RF plant is thus constructed for such demand. The RF power source of the other 2 RF plants adopts klystron type transmitter and the 3rd RF plants is transferred to new technology of solid-state for better redundancy and easier mainte-nance. Base on the success of solid-state power ampli-fier development in 2020, a 3rd RF power source is thus decided to be made in house by solid-state tech-nology. The 500MHz 300kW solid-state transmitter is constructed by 4 80 kW solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) towers and power combined by 3 WR1800 3-dB hybrid couplers. Each tower is consisted of 110 850W final stage SSPA modules with 4 100W pre-amplifiers and 6 600W drive amplifiers. The pre and drive amplifiers are power combined for higher redun-dancy. The DC power are economical industrial 48V AC-DC rack mount power supplies which are parallel connected for higher total DC power and best redun-dancy. The architecture and present progress are pre-sented in this article.

Poster TUPAB351 [2.348 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB351

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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TUPAB353

Remote Commissioning of 400 kW 352 MHz Amplifiers

power-supply, real-time, MMI, PLC

2332

C. Pasotti, A. Cuttin, A. Fabris
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
A. Frizzi, G. Zardi
Itelco Broadcast Srl, Orvieto (TR), Italy
M. Rossi
DB Science, Padova, Italy

In the framework of the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS ERIC) In-Kind collaboration, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste has the task to deliver 26 400 kW 352 MHz Radio Frequency Power Station (RFPS) units. They will feed the Spoke Cavities section of the proton Linac. The RFPS manufacturing contract has been awarded to the European Science Solutions consortium (ESS-C) gained the. The production of the amplifiers is well underway and it has reached a steady rate of delivery. Each RFPS is subject to a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT). In this contribution, the main results of the FATs are presented, together with the FAT remote session protocol. This protocol has been specifically developed to cope with the traveling and in persons meeting restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Poster TUPAB353 [2.675 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB353

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB354

352-MHz Solid State RF System Development at the Advanced Photon Source

cavity, GUI, PLC, klystron

2335

D. Horan, D.J. Bromberek, N.P. DiMonte, A. Goel, T.J. Madden, A. Nassiri, G. Trento, G.J. Waldschmidt
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Development effort is underway on a 352MHz, 200kW solid state rf system intended as the base design to replace the existing klystron-based rf systems presently in use at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). A sixteen-input, 200kW final combining cavity was designed, built, and successfully tested to 29kW CW in combiner mode, and to 200kW CW in back-feed mode, where an external klystron was used to transmit power into the combining cavity. A four-port waveguide combiner was also tested in both backfeed and combiner mode to 193kW and 26kW respectively. Slow and fast interlock systems were designed and implemented to support the testing process. An EPICS and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based system was developed to control, communicate with, and monitor the rf amplifiers used in the combiner-mode test, and to monitor and log system performance parameters relating to the combining cavity. Low-level rf control of the cavity in 29kW combiner-mode operation was achieved using the existing APS analog low-level rf hardware. Test data and design details are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB354

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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TUPAB374

Development of a Quench Detection System for the FAIR Superconducting Devices

quadrupole, superconducting-magnet, electron, interface

2394

V. Raginel, M. Dziewiecki, W. Freisleben, P.B. Szwangruber, L. Theiner
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is presently under construction in Darmstadt (Germany), will incorporate a large variety of superconducting devices like magnets, currents leads and bus bars. These components depend on an active protection in case of a transition from superconducting to the resistive state, so-called quench. In this framework, a FAIR Quench Detection System (F-QDS) is being developed based on analog and digital electronics and will be implemented in several machines of the FAIR complex. This paper describes the development of the F-QDS. An overview of the F-QDS electronics is given followed by a description of the system integration to the infrastructure of various machines. Initial test results of the F-QDS prototype system are presented and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB374

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paper received ※ 25 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB388

Efficiency, Power Loss, and Power Factor Measurement of Quadrupole Magnet Power Supplies at the Spallation Neutron Source

power-supply, linac, quadrupole, neutron

2428

S. Harave
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
B. Morris
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The linear accelerator (LINAC) quadrupole magnets are powered by 42 silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) based power supplies at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These 35V, 525A power supplies are bulky, inefficient and require both air and water cooling. The reliability of the SNS facility is impacted due to water leaks internal to power supplies and current readback issues associated with their unique control system interface, resulting in multiple downtime events. Hence, an alternate solution is necessary for the continued reliable operation of the SNS. To mitigate the above-mentioned problems, this paper proposes the use of off-the-shelf Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) rated for 20V, 500A with serial control interface. These SMPS are air-cooled, more efficient and more compact owing to their switching speeds of approximately 160 kHz. The performance enhancements of the SMPS in comparison with the existing SCR power supply are discussed in detail in this paper. The features of the SMPS, along with experimental results for both power supplies, like efficiency, power losses and stability, are presented. Ongoing work is also discussed.

Poster TUPAB388 [0.420 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB388

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB389

High Precision Four Quadrant Converter with GaN Technology

simulation, operation, power-supply, damping

2431

M. Incurvati, T. Margreiter, R. Stärz
MCI, Innsbruck, Austria
T. Riedler
NTUT, Taipei City, Taiwan

New proton therapy facilities for the cure of tumors as well as high-energy photon sources are currently being installed all around the world. In this field, the request for special power supplies for corrector, scanning, and quadrupole magnets are increasing. For these applications, mandatory requirements are high bandwidth and current stability as well as low output ripple which are conflicting constraints. A feasibility study, prototype development, measurements, and investigations on the control methodology of a wide-bandgap GaN semiconductor-based power module is presented in the paper. The developed power module features the following characteristics: Eurocard standard PCB, bipolar 4Q operation, minimum switching frequency 100 kHz, bandwidth 5 kHz, output voltage and current up to 200 V / 8 A, output current ripple <20 ppm. The enlisted characteristics make it suitable for high inductive loads requiring fast transients (scanning magnets). An RST controller will be developed and a system identification approach to the transfer function of two parallel-connected power modules will be presented along with simulations assessing the performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB389

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB393

Study of Remote Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection in Accelerator

vacuum, gun, detector, operation

2441

H.Y. He, D.H. Zhu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
J.M. Liu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

In order to solve the problem that the vacuum system of the accelerator can’t be close to the operation for a long time, a long-distance helium mass spectrometer leak detection system is explored by studying the structure of the conventional round tube vacuum box of the vacuum system, which integrates the online vacuum leak detection, defect diagnosis and process design, improves the digital operation, realizes the accurate and effective detection of the leak location range and leak rate, and provides the technology for the remote leak detection of the vacuum system. Support.

Poster TUPAB393 [0.666 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB393

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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TUPAB405

Design of High Energy Linac for Generation of Isotopes for Medical Applications

linac, electron, target, gun

2472

A.P. Deshpande, S.R. Bhat, T.S. Dixit, P.S. Jadhav, A.S. Kottawar, R. Krishnan, M.S. Kumbhare, J. Mishra, C.S. Nainwad, S.R. Name, R. Sandeep Kumar, A. Shaikh, K.A. Thakur, M.M. Vidwans, A. Waingankar
SAMEER, Mumbai, India
A.K. Mishra
INMAS, New Delhi, India
N. Upadhyay
University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India

Funding: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India.
After successful implementation of 6 and 15 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) technology for Cancer Therapy in India, we initiated the development of high energy high current accelerator for the production of radioisotopes for diagnostic applications. The accelerator will be of 30 MeV energy with 350 µA average current provided by a gridded gun. The linac is a side coupled standing wave accelerator operating at 2998 MHz frequency operating at p/2 mode. The choice of p/2 operating mode is particularly suitable for this case where the repetition rate will be around 400 Hz. Klystron with 7 MW peak power and 36 kW average power will be used as the RF source. The modulator will be a solid-state modulator. The control system is FPGA based setup developed in-house at SAMEER. A retractable target with tungsten will be used as a converter to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung. The x-rays will then interact with enriched 100Mo target to produce 99Mo via (g, n) reaction. Eluted 99mTc will be used for diagnostic applications. The paper lists the challenges and novel schemes developed at SAMEER to make a compact, rugged, and easy to use system keeping in mind local conditions.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB405

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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WEPAB042

Linac-200: A New Electron Test Beam Facility at JINR

electron, linac, gun, klystron

2697

M.A. Nozdrin, M. Gostkin, V. Kobets, Y.A. Samofalova, G. Shirkov, A. Trifonov, K. Yunenko, A. Zhemchugov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Commissioning of a new electron test beam facility Linac-200 comes to the end at JINR (Dubna, Russia). The core of the facility is a refurbished MEA accelerator from NIKHEF. The key accelerator subsystems including controls, vacuum, precise temperature regulation were redesigned or deeply upgraded. The facility provides electron beams with energy up to 200 MeV while the beam current varying smoothly from 40 mA down to almost zero (single electrons in a bunch). The main goal of the facility is providing test beams for particle detector R&D, studies of novel approaches to the beam diagnostics, and education and training of graduate and postgraduate students. The current status and operation parameters of the facility will be reported.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB042

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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WEPAB071

Design and Construction of an Intense Terahertz-Wave Source Based on Coherent Cherenkov Radiation Matched to Circle Plane Wave

radiation, electron, FEL, experiment

2751

N. Sei, H. Ogawa
AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, Y. Sumitomo, Y. Takahashi, T. Tanaka
LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
T. Takahashi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI JP19H04406 and the Visiting Researchers Program of Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (R2013).
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has been studied terahertz (THz) coherent radiation in collaboration with Nihon University and Kyoto University. We have been developed a coherent transition radiation (CTR) source with macropulse power of 1 mJ using a screen monitor in the parametric X-ray line at Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA) in Nihon University. However, to obtain a THz-wave source with higher intensity, we have undertaken a development of a new THz-wave source based on coherent Cherenkov radiation (CCR) matched to circle plane wave. Bypassing an electron beam through a hollow conical dielectric having an apex angle equal to the Cherenkov angle, the wavefront of the CCR generated on the inner surface of the hollow conical dielectric matches on the basal plane. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-power beam that is easy to transport. We have already produced a hollow conical dielectric made of high-resistivity silicon and considered a position controller for the hollow conical dielectric. In this presentation, the status of the new THz-wave source will be reported.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB071

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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WEPAB073

An Overview of the Radio-Frequency System for an Inverse Compton X-Ray Source Based on CLIC Technology

klystron, LLRF, network, laser

2759

T.G. Lucas, O.J. Luiten, P.H.A. Mutsaers, X.F.D. Stragier, H.A. Van Doorn, F.M. van Setten, H.J.M. van den Heuvel, M.L.M.C. van der Sluis
TUE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Funding: This project is financed by the "Interreg V programme Flanders-Netherlands" with financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development.
Compact inverse Compton scattering X-ray sources are gaining in popularity as the future of lab-based x-ray sources. Smart*Light is one such facility, under commissioning at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), which is based on high gradient X-band technology originally designed for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and its test stands located at CERN. Critical to the beam quality is the RF system which aims to deliver 10-24 MW RF pulses at repetition rates up to 1 kHz with a high amplitude and phase stability of <0.5\% and <0.65~^° allowing it to adhere to strict synchronicity conditions at the interaction point. This work overviews the design of the high power and low level RF systems for Smart*Light.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB073

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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WEPAB131

Magnetic Tuning and Installation Modifications of U48 Undulator for the Delhi Light Source (DLS)

undulator, electron, vacuum, focusing

2918

M. Tischer, P. Neumann, A. Schöps, P. Vagin, T. Vielitz, T. Wohlenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
M. Aggarwal, R.N. Dutt, S. Ghosh, J. Karmakar, S. Sahu
IUAC, New Delhi, India
J. Bahrdt, E.C.M. Rial
HZB, Berlin, Germany

A compact THz radiation facility based on the principle of a pre-bunched Free Electron Laser, called Delhi Light Source (DLS) is at the final stage of commissioning at IUAC, New Delhi, India. For generation of THz radiation in DLS, an undulator with period length of 48 mm (U48), built by HZB and refurbished at DESY will be used. The magnetic tuning and the field measurements have been done on the U48 along with the design and installation of correction coils at the entrance/exit of the U48. In addition, horizontal and vertical ambient field correction coils were integrated into the magnet girders. A quadrupole correction coil along the vacuum chamber in order to mitigate the defocusing effect of the U48 on the electron beam has been designed. The current through all coils has been adjusted as a function of the gap by the new control system designed for the U48. In addition, an extruded aluminium vacuum chamber was designed and fabricated and will be aligned with the the undulator soon.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB131

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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WEPAB216

6D Simulations of PIP-II Booster Injection

injection, scattering, booster, closed-orbit

3138

J.-F. Ostiguy, D.E. Johnson
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The PIP-II superconducting linac will deliver 2 mA average H^- beam current at 800 MeV to the existing Booster synchrotron over a period of 0.55 ms (285 turns). As a result, the injected beam power will quadruple to 17 kW. Safe operation at the increased beam power implies careful attention to the origin, magnitude, and distribution of both controlled and uncontrolled losses. Uncontrolled losses are due to neutral ions in excited states stripped in downstream magnets and large angle scattered protons from parasitic foil hits. The relative magnitudes of these loss mechanisms is used to determine the optimal foil thickness. A transverse painting scheme involving closed orbit motion will be used to mitigate space charge effects and minimize parasitic foil hits. Using a detailed full 6D simulation of the injection process, we compute large angle scattering losses and compare results to back of the envelope estimates. We investigate possible impact of space charge on the emittance and beam distribution both during and at the conclusion of the injection period.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB216

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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WEPAB243

Longitudinal Microwave Instability Study at Transition Crossing with Ion Beams in the CERN PS

impedance, emittance, simulation, proton

3197

A. Lasheen, H. Damerau, A. Huschauer, B.K. Popovic
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The luminosity of lead ion collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was significantly increased during the 2018 ion run by reducing the bunch spacing from 100 ns to 75 ns, allowing to increase the total number of bunches. With the new 75 ns variant, three instead of four bunches are generated each cycle in the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) and the Proton Synchrotron (PS) with up to 30% larger intensity per bunch. The beam was produced with satisfactory quality but at the limit of stability in the injectors. In particular, the minimum longitudinal emittance in the PS is limited by a strong longitudinal microwave instability occurring just after transition crossing. The uncontrolled blow-up generates tails, which translate into an unacceptably large satellite population following the RF manipulations prior to extraction from the PS. In this paper, instability measurements are compared to particle simulations using the latest PS impedance model to identify the driving impedance sources. Moreover, means to mitigate the instability are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB243

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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WEPAB282

The Consolidation of the CERN Beam Interlock System

operation, diagnostics, interface, timing

3309

R.L. Johnson, C. Martin, T. Podzorny, I. Romera, R. Secondo, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Beam Interlock System (BIS) is a machine protection system that provides essential interlock control throughout the CERN accelerator complex. The current BIS has been in service since 2006; as such, it is approaching the end of its operational lifetime, with most components being obsolete. A second version of the Beam Interlock System, "BIS2", is currently under development and will replace the current system. BIS2 aims to be more flexible by supplying additional on-board diagnostic tools, while also improving the overall safety by adding more redundancy. Crucially, BIS2 increases the number of critical paths that can be interlocked by almost 50%, providing an important flexibility for future additional interlocking requests. BIS2 will come into operation for the LHC in run 4 (2027) and will remain in operation until the end of the planned lifetime of HL-LHC. In this paper, we will focus on the Beam Interlock Controller Manager board (CIBM), which is at the heart of BIS2. Since this module works closely with many other systems that are similar in design to those in BIS1, we will compare how BIS2 improves upon BIS1, and justify the reasons why these changes were made.

Poster WEPAB282 [0.378 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB282

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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WEPAB283

CERN SPS Sprinkler System: A Customized Industrial Solution for a Non-Conventional Site

radiation, monitoring, operation, GUI

3313

A. Suwalska, A. Arnalich, F. Deperraz, M. Munoz Codoceo, P. Ninin
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Until 2018, the limited firefighting means in the SPS complex largely exposed it to the consequences of self-ignition or accidental fire. In 2015 the SPS Fire Safety project was launched with the objective of improving life safety and property protection by deploying a whole set of automatic actions to protect SPS in case of fire outbreak. If nothing was done, an unmanaged fire could be a threat to lives of those working underground and could mean losing a vast majority of the SPS machine and its equipment. In 2020, CERN has completed the consolidation of its SPS fire safety systems. Among these, a water based sprinkler system, following principles of standard industrial design but customized and tailor-made for SPS and its irradiated areas, is ready to operate. The system must take into account limitations related to the presence of fragile accelerator equipment, radioactive zones, integration constraints and comply with European norms, in particular EN12845. This paper presents the risk assessment, our experience from the planning and installation phase while discussing the custom-chosen and radiation tested equipment to end up with the lessons learned and outlook for the future.

Poster WEPAB283 [2.224 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB283

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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WEPAB288

A New Timing System for PETRA IV

timing, FEL, storage-ring, hardware

3329

H. Lippek, A. Aghababyan, K. Brede, H.T. Duhme, M. Fenner, U. Hurdelbrink, H. Kay, H. Schlarb, T. Wilksen
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At DESY an upgrade of the PETRA III synchrotron light source towards a fourth-generation, low emittance machine PETRA IV is currently being actively pursued. The realization of this new machine implies a new design of the timing and synchronization system since requirements on beam quality and controls will significantly change from the existing implementation at PETRA III. As of now the technical design phase of the PETRA IV project is in full swing. For the timing system the design process of the overall system as well as the evaluation of individual components has been started as of last year. Given the success of the at DESY developed MicroTCA.4-based timing system for the European XFEL accelerator it has been chosen to serve as a basis for the PETRA IV timing system developement as well. We present first design ideas of the major timing system hardware component, a MicroTCA.4-based AMC for distributing clocks, triggers and further bunch-synchronous information within the accelerator complex and to user experiments. First steps of an evaluation process for designing the AMC hardware are briefly illustrated.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB288

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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WEPAB293

The Trip Event Logger for Online Fault Diagnosis at the European XFEL

cavity, FEL, operation, EPICS

3344

J.H.K. Timm, J. Branlard, A. Eichler, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The low-level RF (LLRF) system at the European XFEL, DESY, is of major importance for a high-performant and reliable operation. Faults here can jeopardize the overall operation. Therefore, the trip event logger is currently developped, - a fault diagnosis tool to detect errors online, inform the operators and trigger automatic supervisory actions. Further goals are to provide information for a fault tree and event tree analysis as well as a database of labeled faulty data sets for offline analysis. The tool is based on the C++ framework ChimeraTK Application Core. With this close interconnection to the control system it is possible not only to monitor but also to intervene as it is of great importance for supervisory tasks. The core of the tool consists of fault analysis modules ranging from simple ones (e.g., limit checking) to advanced ones (model-based, machine learning, etc.). Within this paper the architecture and the implementation of the trip event logger are presented.

Poster WEPAB293 [7.919 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB293

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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WEPAB296

A Klystron Phase Lock Loop for RF System at TPS Booster Ring

cathode, klystron, LLRF, injection

3354

F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh, T.-C. Yu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In TPS booster ring, the DLLRF is used to controlled the ramping gap voltage and also the energy saving module is applied to save power while the ring does not inject beam. But we occurred to have a problem of PI saturation due to a large phase change when the energy saving module working. The energy saving module switches the anode voltage of the klystron from high to low level to decrease the cathode current while the ring does not inject and do the opposite while the ring injects. This action causes a large phase change of the transmitter and leads the PI controller to work in the wrong direction. We add a klystron phase loop to solve this situation.

Poster WEPAB296 [0.792 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB296

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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WEPAB297

A Recent Upgrade on Phase Drift Compensation System for a Stable Beam Injection at J-PARC Linac

linac, cavity, DTL, injection

3357

E. Cicek, Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hirane, S. Shinozaki
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
Y. Sato
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan

J-PARC linac, consisting of 324 MHz and 972 MHz acceleration sections, delivers H⁻ beam to the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The drift in the beam injection momentum from linac to RCS was measured to be highly dependent on the humidity at the klystron gallery. Also, changes in both temperature and humidity strongly affect the rf field phase controlled within the digital feedback (DFB) system. To cope with this, a unique phase drift compensation system, namely the phase drift monitor (PDM) system, is implemented in the MEBT2B1 station as the first step at the linac. However, the compensation of the drift correction could not be achieved directly since two different frequencies were used. The new PDM, which adapts the direct sampling method using the Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC), will pave the way to ensure rf phase stability at all stations simultaneously. Here we present the effects of temperature and humidity on the rf field phase, along with performance and preliminary test results concerning the phase drift compensation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB297

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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WEPAB298

Design of an Accurate LLRF System for an Array of Two-Gap Resonators

LLRF, FPGA, distributed, Ethernet

3360

D.A. Liakin, S.V. Barabin, T. Kulevoy, A.Y. Orlov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

A particle accelerator based on an array of two-gap resonators requires a control system, which is responsible for precise setup and stabilization of the phase and magnitude of the electromagnetic field in resonators. We develop a cost-effective LLRF system for the array of more than 80 resonators and three different operating frequencies. The design is based on proved solution used for 5-resonators accelerator HILAC (project NICA, Dubna). This paper gives an overview of the basic structure and some specific features of the developing LLRF control system.

Poster WEPAB298 [0.355 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB298

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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WEPAB299

Spallation Neutron Source Proton Power Upgrade Low-Level RF Control System Development

LLRF, operation, cavity, neutron

3363

M.T. Crofford, J.A. Ball, J.E. Breeding, M.P. Martinez, J.S. Moss, M. Musrock
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
L.R. Doolittle, C. Serrano, V.K. Vytla
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
J. Graham, C.K. Roberts, J.W. Sinclair, Z. Sorrell, S. Whaley
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: * This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) Project is approved for the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and will double the proton beam power capability from 1.4 MW to 2.8 MW with 2 MW beam power available to the first target station. A second target station is planned and will utilize the remaining beam power in the future. The proton power increase will be supported with the addition of twenty-eight new superconducting cavities powered by 700 kW peak power klystrons to increase beam energy while increases to the beam current will be done with a combination of existing RF margin, and DTL HPRF upgrades. The original low-level RF control system has proven to be reliable over the past 15 years of operations, but obsolescence issues mandate a replacement system be developed for the PPU project. The replacement system is realized in a µTCA.4 platform using a combination of commercial off-the-shelf boards and custom hardware to support the requirements of PPU. This paper presents the prototype hardware, firmware, and software development activities along with preliminary testing results of the new system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB299

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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WEPAB300

Python Based Tools for FRIB LLRF Operation and Management

LLRF, cavity, EPICS, linac

3367

S.R. Kunjir, D.G. Morris, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University.
Some Python based tools have been developed at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) for the ease of operation and management of the low level radio frequency (LLRF) controllers. Utilizing the rich features in Python, some tasks can be easily applied to a whole segment, one type of cryomodule (CM), a specific cryomodule or individual cavities grouped by a complex custom query. The tasks include, for example, 1) testing interface connections between various sub-systems prior to an operational run; 2) setting, checking and saving/restoring parameters during and after an operational run; 3) updating LLRF controller firmware and software during maintenance. With these tools, routine manual tasks are streamlined to achieve significantly greater efficiency in terms of scalability, time, memory and network resources. Considering channel access security, beam on/off status etc., the strategy of choosing either input/output controller (IOC) or Python for the implementation of certain tasks is also discussed in the paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB300

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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WEPAB303

Machine Learning Applied to Automated Tunes Control at the 1.5 GeV Synchrotron Light Source DELTA

storage-ring, quadrupole, simulation, operation

3379

D. Schirmer
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Machine learning (ML) driven algorithms are finding more and more use cases in the domain of accelerator physics. Apart from correlation analysis in large data volumes, low and high level controls, like beam orbit correction, also non-linear feedback systems are possible application fields. This also includes monitoring the storage ring betatron tunes, as an important task for stable machine operation. For this purpose classical, shallow (non-deep), feed-forward neural networks (NNs) were investigated for automated adjusting the storage ring tunes. The NNs were trained with experimental machine data as well as with simulated data based on a lattice model of the DELTA storage ring. With both data sources comparable tune correction accuracies were achieved, both, in real machine operation and for the simulated storage ring model. In contrast to conventional PID methods, the trained NNs were able to approach the desired target tunes in fewer steps. The report summarizes the current status of this machine learning project and points out possible future improvements as well as other possible applications.

Poster WEPAB303 [1.575 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB303

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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WEPAB305

Teeport: Break the Wall Between the Optimization Algorithms and Problems

experiment, real-time, monitoring, GUI

3387

Z. Zhang, X. Huang, M. Song
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DE-AC02-76SF00515 and FWP 2018-SLAC-100469 Computing Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, FWP 2018-SLAC-100469ASCR.
Optimization algorithms/techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Gaussian process (GP) have been widely used in the accelerator field to tackle complex design/online optimization problems. However, connecting the algorithm with the optimization problem can be difficult, sometimes even unrealistic, since the algorithms and problems could be implemented in different languages, might require specific resources, or have physical constraints. We introduce an optimization platform named Teeport that is developed to address the above issue. This real-time communication (RTC) based platform is particularly designed to minimize the effort of integrating the algorithms and problems. Once integrated, the users are granted a rich feature set, such as monitoring, controlling, and benchmarking. Some real-life applications of the platform are also discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB305

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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WEPAB308

Measurement-Based Surrogate Model of the SLAC LCLS-II Injector

laser, simulation, network, cathode

3395

L. Gupta, Y.K. Kim
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A.L. Edelen, C.E. Mayes, A.A. Mishra, N.R. Neveu
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This project was funded by the DOE SCGSR Program.
There is significant effort within particle accelerator physics to use machine learning methods to improve modeling of accelerator components. Such models can be made realistic and representative of machine components by training them with measured data. These models could be used as virtual diagnostics or for model-based control when fast feedback is needed for tuning to different user settings. To prototype such a model, we demonstrate how a machine learning based surrogate model of the SLAC LCLS-II photocathode injector was developed. To create machine-based data, laser measurements were taken at the LCLS using the virtual cathode camera. These measurements were used to sample particles, resulting in realistic electron bunches, which were then propagated through the injector via the Astra space charge simulation. By doing this, the model is not only able to predict many bulk electron beam parameters and distributions which are often hard to measure or not usually available to measure, but the predictions are more realistic relative to traditionally simulated training data. The methods for training such models, as well as model capabilities and future work are presented here.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB308

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paper received ※ 26 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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WEPAB314

TEX - an X-Band Test Facility at INFN-LNF

klystron, GUI, LLRF, framework

3406

S. Pioli, D. Alesini, F.A. Anelli, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, F. Cardelli, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, F. Chiarelli, P. Ciuffetti, R. Clementi, C. Di Giulio, E. Di Pasquale, G. Di Raddo, M. Diomede, A. Esposito, L. Faillace, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, S. Incremona, A. Liedl, D. Pellegrini, G. Piermarini, L. Piersanti, S. Quaglia, R. Ricci, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella, R. Zarlenga
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

Funding: The LATINO project is co-funded by the Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 European activities (public call "Open Research Infrastructures").
We report the status of the development of an High Power RF Laboratory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) initiative that is ongoing at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) that covers many different areas focused on particle accelerator technologies. TEX is a RF test facility based on solid-state K400 modulator from ScandiNova with a 50MW class X-band (11.996 GHz) klystron tube model vkx 8311a operating at 50 Hz. This RF source will operate as resource for test and research programs such as the RF breakdown on RF waveguide components as well as high power testing of accelerating structures for future high gradient linear accelerator such as EuPRAXIA and CLIC. The high power testing will be performed in a dedicated brand-new bunker that has been recently built. RF system, vacuum controls and safety equipments are currently being installed. The first accelerating structure testing is scheduled by beginning 2022. In this document design and tests for all the sub-systems of the facility will be presented and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB314

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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WEPAB317

Online Model Developments for BESSY II and MLS

EPICS, MMI, synchrotron, kicker

3413

P. Schnizer, J. Bengtsson, T. Birke, J. Li, T. Mertens, M. Ries, A. Schälicke, L. Vera Ramirez
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Digital models have been developed over a long time for preparing accelerator commissioning next to benchmarking theory predictions to machine measurements. These digital models are nowadays being realized as digital shadows or digital twins. Accelerator commissioning requires periodic setup and review of the machine status. Furthermore, different measurements are only practical by comparison to the machine model (e.g. beam based alignment). In this paper we describe the architecture chosen for our models, describe the framework Bluesky for measurement orchestration and report on our experience exemplifying on dynamic aperture scans. Furthermore we describe our plans to extend the models applied to BESSY~II and MLS to the currently planned machines BESSY~III and MLS~II.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB317

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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WEPAB319

Open XAL Status Report 2021

framework, quadrupole, lattice, status

3421

N. Milas, J.F. Esteban Müller, E. Laface, Y. Levinsen
ESS, Lund, Sweden
T.V. Gorlov, A.P. Shishlo, A.P. Zhukov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

The Open XAL accelerator physics software platform is being developed through international collaboration among several facilities since 2010. The goal of the collaboration is to establish Open XAL as a multi-purpose software platform supporting a broad range of tool and application development in accelerator physics and high-level control (Open XAL also ships with a suite of general-purpose accelerator applications). This paper discusses progress in beam dynamics simulation, new RF models, and updated application framework along with new generic accelerator physics applications. We present the current status of the project, a roadmap for continued development, and an overview of the project status at each participating facility.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB319

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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WEPAB321

ALS-U Instrumentation Overview

timing, instrumentation, electron, hardware

3427

J.M. Weber, J.C. Bell, M.J. Chin, S. De Santis, R.F. Gunion, S. Murthy, W.E. Norum, G.J. Portmann, C. Serrano
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W.K. Lewis
Osprey DCS LLC, Ocean City, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
The Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) to a diffraction-limited storage ring with a small vacuum chamber diameter requires excellent orbit stability and a fast response orbit interlock for machine protection. The on-axis swap-out injection scheme and dual RF frequencies demand fast monitoring of pulsed injection magnets and a novel approach to timing. Recent development efforts at ALS and advances in PLLs, FPGAs, and RFSoCs that provide higher performance and mixed-signal integration can be leveraged for instrumentation solutions to these accelerator challenges. An overview of preliminary ALS-U instrumentation system designs and status will be presented.

Poster WEPAB321 [23.306 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB321

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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WEPAB323

High Performance DAQ Infrastructure to Enable Machine Learning for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

monitoring, EPICS, data-acquisition, hardware

3434

G. Shen, N.D. Arnold, T.G. Berenc, J. Carwardine, E. Chandler, T. Fors, T.J. Madden, D.R. Paskvan, C. Roehrig, S.E. Shoaf, S. Veseli
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
It is well known that the efficiency of an advanced control algorithm like machine learning is as good as its data quality. Much recent progress in technology enables the massive data acquisition from a control system of modern particle accelerator, and the wide use of embedded controllers, like field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), provides an opportunity to collect fast data from technical subsystems for monitoring, statistics, diagnostics or fault recording. To improve the data quality, at the APS Upgrade project, a general-purpose data acquisition (DAQ) system is under active development. The APS-U DAQ system collects high-quality fast data from underneath embedded controllers, especially the FPGAs, with the manner of time-correlation and synchronously sampling, which could be used for commissioning, performance monitoring, troubleshooting, and early fault detection, etc. This paper presents the design and latest progress of APS-U high-performance DAQ infrastructure, as well as its preparation to enable the use of machine learning technology for APS-U, and its use cases at APS.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB323

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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WEPAB372

Design and Construction of Uninterruptible Paralleling Transfer Switches for an Emergency Power System in Taiwan Light Source

operation, cryogenics, ECR, MMI

3581

Y.F. Chiu, W.S. Chan, K.C. Kuo, Y.-C. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The ATS of an emergency power system in Utility Building II has operated over 18 years; in recent years the failure rate is gradually increasing because of aged components. To improve old switches, schemes of upgrading and developing new and efficient transfer switches have been conducted cautiously. A new device named an Uninterruptible Paralleling Transfer Switch (UPTS) is designed and implemented to replace an existing ATS to enhance the performance to meet the requirements of uninterrupted power transfer. The UPTS can uninterruptedly switch the grid power to emergency power of a backup generator during a planned utility power outage, and also exactly switch emergency power to the grid power uninterruptedly when the utility power is restored. If grid power is unexpectedly lost, UPTS acts like a typical ATS, automatically transferring power from a primary source to a backup source with switching duration a few seconds. A practical UPTS has been assembled and installed in Utility Building II and has performed well effectively to eliminate power-switching transients.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB372

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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WEPAB373

The Energy Management System in NSRRC

operation, network, MMI, radiation

3585

C.S. Chen, W.S. Chan, Y.Y. Cheng, Y.F. Chiu, Y.-C. Chung, K.C. Kuo, M.T. Lee, Y.C. Lin, C.Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan has been suffering from a shortage of natural resources for more than two decades. As stated by the Energy Statistics Handbook 2019 of Taiwan, up to 97.90% of energy supply was imported from abroad. This kind of energy consumption structure is fragile relatively. Not mention to the total domestic energy consumption annual growth rate is 1.97% in twenty years. Either the semiconductor or the integrated circuit-related industry is developed vigorously in Taiwan. All the facts cause us to face the energy problems squarely. Therefore, an energy management system (EnMS) was installed in NSRRC in 2019 to pursue more efficient energy use. With the advantages of the Archive Viewer - a utility supervisory control and data acquisition system in NSRRC, the data of energy use could be traced conveniently and widely. The model of energy use has been built to review periodically, furthermore, it provides us the accordance to replace the degraded equipment and alerts us if the failure occurs.

Poster WEPAB373 [0.497 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB373

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paper received ※ 21 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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WEPAB394

Development of a New Interlock and Data Acquisition for the RF System at High Energy Photon Source

EPICS, cavity, FPGA, PLC

3630

Z.W. Deng, J.P. Dai, H.Y. Lin, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work was supported by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China.
A new interlock and data acquisition (DAQ) system is being developed for the RF system at High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) to protect essential devices as well as to locate the fault. Various signals collected and pre-processed by the DAQ system and individual interlock signals from solid-state power amplifiers, low-level RFs, arc detectors, etc. are sent to the interlock system for logic decision to control the RF switch. Programmable logic controllers (PLC) are used to collect slow signals like temperature, water flowrate, etc., while fast acquisition for RF signals is realized by dedicated boards with down-conversion frontend and digital signal processing boards. In order to improve the response time, field programmable gate array (FPGA) has been used for interlock logic implementation with an embedded experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS). Data storage is managed by using EPICS Archiver Appliance and an operator interface is developed by using Control System Studio (CSS) running on a standalone computer. This paper presents the design and the first test of the new interlock and DAQ for HEPS RF system.

Poster WEPAB394 [2.140 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB394

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB407

An Innovative Eco-System for Accelerator Science and Technology

neutron, ion-source, framework, software

3660

C. Darve, J.B. Andersen, S. Salman
ESS, Lund, Sweden
B. Nicquevert, S. Petit
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Stankovski
LINXS, Lund, Sweden

The emergence of new technologies and innovative communication tools permits us to transcend societal challenges. While particle accelerators are essential instruments to improve our quality of life through science and technology, an adequate ecosystem is essential to activate and maximize this potential. Research Infrastructure (RI) and industries supported by enlightened organizations and education, can generate a sustainable environment to serve this purpose. In this paper, we will discuss state-of-the-art infrastructures taking the lead to reach this impact, thus contributing to economic and social transformation.

Poster WEPAB407 [61.076 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB407

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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WEPAB411

Ion Coulomb Crystals in Storage Rings for Quantum Information Science

storage-ring, operation, laser, rfq

3667

K.A. Brown, G.J. Mahler, T. Roser, T.V. Shaftan, Z. Zhao
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Aslam, S. Biedron, T.B. Bolin, C. Gonzalez-Zacarias, S.I. Sosa Guitron
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
R. Chen, T.G. Robertazzi
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
B. Huang
SBU, Stony Brook, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We discuss the possible use of crystalline beams in storage rings for applications in quantum information science (QIS). Crystalline beams have been created in ion trap systems and proven to be useful as a computational basis for QIS applications. The same structures can be created in a storage ring, but the ions necessarily have a constant velocity and are rotating in a circular trap. The basic structures that are needed are ultracold crystalline beams, called ion Coulomb crystals (ICC’s). We will describe different applications of ICC’s for QIS, how QIS information is obtained and can be used for quantum computing, and some of the challenges that need to be resolved to realize practical QIS applications in storage rings.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB411

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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THXC07

Adaptive Control of Klystron Operation Parameters for Energy Saving at Storage Ring of TPS

klystron, operation, cathode, storage-ring

3748

T.-C. Yu, F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

To satisfy maximum beam current operation in the storage ring of TPS, the operation parameters of both RF transmitters are set to be able to generate its maxi-mum RF power in daily usage. Under such condition, the klystrons can deliver any power below 300kW at constant AC power consumption which is about 520-530 kW. Hence, the AC power usage is independent of the required RF output power. To best utilize the avail-able AC power based on the required RF power, an adaptive control methodology is proposed here to change the operation parameters of the klystron, cath-ode voltage and anode voltage, according to the pre-sent RF power. The corresponding operation parame-ters are applied by the prior tested table which maps the operation parameters with the different saturation RF power. The test results show that the saved energy can be 32% to 11% from 30mA to 450mA for both RF plants as comparing to constant operation parameters of 1047 kW AC power.

Slides THXC07 [1.241 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC07

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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THPAB063

Laser Transport System of Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS)

laser, detector, feedback, scattering

3897

H.H. Xu, G.T. Fan
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) *, based on laser Compton scattering (LCS), as one of beamlines of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) in phase II, is under construction now. The technical design of its laser injection system has been implemented and optimized consecutively over the last few years. In order to inject the 10640 nm CO₂ laser into the interaction point from the laser hutch outside the storage ring’s shielding, a laser transport system longer than 20 m using relay-imaging telescopes is designed. There are two operation mode in SLEGS. One is backscattering mode, which will make the laser and electron bunch collide at 180° with flux higher than 10⁷ gamma/s. The other mode is slanting mode, which mainly inherits the design used in the prototype**. In this paper, a brief summary of the laser transport system is given. The system contains several modules to perform beam expansion, combining, monitoring and real-time adjustment. The design models, simulation study of the laser quality through the transporta-tion, and the experimental results are presented.
* Y. Xu, W. Xu, et al., NIM A, 578, 457 (2007).
** H.H. Xu, J.H. Chen, et al., Transaction on Nuclear Science, IEEE, 63, 906 (2016).

Poster THPAB063 [2.508 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB063

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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THPAB068

Denoising of Optics Measurements Using Autoencoder Neural Networks

optics, network, simulation, MMI

3915

E. Fol, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Noise artefacts can appear in optics measurements data due to instrumentation imperfections or uncertainties in the applied analysis methods. A special type of semi-supervised neural networks, autoencoders, are widely applied to denoising tasks in image and signal processing as well as to generative modeling. Recently, an autoencoder-based approach for denoising and reconstruction of missing data has been developed to improve the quality of phase measurements obtained from harmonic analysis of LHC turn-by-turn data. We present the results achieved on simulations demonstrating the potential of the new method and discuss the effect of the noise in light of optics corrections computed from the cleaned data.

Poster THPAB068 [0.881 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB068

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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THPAB078

SOLEIL Update Status

photon, injection, synchrotron, vacuum

3945

L.S. Nadolski, G. Abeillé, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, I. Chado, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, A. Gamelin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, J.-F. Lamarre, V. Leroux, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, S. Pierre-Joseph Zéphir, F. Ribeiro, G. Schagene, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

SOLEIL is both a synchrotron light source and a research laboratory at the cutting edge of experimental techniques dedicated to matter analysis down to the atomic scale, as well as a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. This French 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source provides today extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines (BLs) complementary to ESRF. We report facility performance, ongoing projects and recent major achievements. Major R&D areas will also be discussed, and progress towards a lattice baseline for making SOLEIL a diffraction limited storage ring.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB078

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paper received ※ 22 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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THPAB097

Towards Arbitrary Pulse Shapes in the Terahertz Domain

laser, electron, radiation, storage-ring

3977

C. Mai, B. Büsing, A. Held, S. Khan, D. Krieg
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the BMBF (05K19PEC).
The TU Dortmund University operates the 1.5-GeV electron storage ring DELTA as a synchrotron light source in user operation and for accererator physics research. At a dedicated beamline, experiments with (sub-)THz radiation are carried out. Here, an interaction of short laser pulses with electron bunches is used to modulate the electron energy which causes the formation of a dip in the longitudinal electron density, giving rise to the coherent emission of radiation between 75 GHz and 6 THz. The standard mode of operation is the generation of broadband radiation. However, more sophisticated energy modulation schemes were implemented using a liquid-crystal phase modulator. Here, a modulation of the spectral phase of the laser is used to control the spectral shape of the THz pulses. The resulting THz spectra have a relative bandwidth of about 2 %. Measurement results from the different THz generation schemes are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB097

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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THPAB138

FEbreak: A Comprehensive Diagnostic and Automated Conditioning Interface for Analysis of Breakdown and Dark Current Effects

cavity, FPGA, real-time, software

4027

M.E. Schneider, S.V. Baryshev
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
R.L. Fleming, D. Gorelov, J.W. Lewellen, E.I. Simakov
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
E. Jevarjian
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: DE-AC02-06CH11357, No. DE-SC0018362, DE-NA-0003525, DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR-21-20613
As the next generation of accelerator technology pushes towards being able to achieve higher and higher gradients there is a need to develop high-frequency structures that can support these fields *. The conditioning process of the structures and waveguides to high gradient is a labor-intensive process, its length increases as the maximum gradient is increased. This results in the need to automate the conditioning process. This automation must allow for high accuracy calculations of the breakdown probabilities associated with the conditioning process which can be used to instruct the conditioning procedure without the need for human intervention. To automate the conditioning process at LANL’s high gradient C-band accelerator test stand we developed FEbreak that is a breakout probability and conditioning automation software that is a part of the FEmaster series **, ***, ****. FEbreak directly interfaces with the rest of FEmaster to automate the data collection and data processing to not only analyze the breakdown probability but also the dark current effects associated with these high gradient structures.
* E. I. Simakov Nuc. Inst. and Meth, in Phy. Research Section A: Acc. Spec, 907 221 (2019)
** E. Jevarjian arXiv:2009.13046
*** T. Y. Posos arXiv:2012.03578
**** M. Schneider arXiv:2012.10804

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB138

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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THPAB155

Strong Quadrupole Wakefield Based Focusing in Dielectric Wakefield Accelerators

wakefield, focusing, simulation, electron

4059

W.J. Lynn, G. Andonian, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: Grant number: DOE HEP Grants DE-SC0017648, DE-SC0009914, and National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1549132.
We propose here to exploit the quadrupole wakefields in an alternating symmetry slab-based dielectric wakefield accelerator (DWA) to produce second-order focusing. The resultant focusing is found to be strongly dependent on longitudinal position in the bunch. We analyze this effect with analytical estimates and electromagnetic PIC simulations. We examine the use of this scenario to induce beam stability in very high gradient DWA, with positive implications for applications in linear colliders and free-electron lasers.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB155

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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THPAB191

Physics-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Control

network, lattice, simulation, alignment

4150

A.N. Ivanov, I.V. Agapov, A. Eichler, S. Tomin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

We propose an approach for incorporating accelerator physics models into reinforcement learning agents. The proposed approach is based on the Taylor mapping technique for simulation of the particle dynamics. The resulting computational graph is represented as a polynomial neural network and embedded into the traditional reinforcement learning agents. The application of the model is demonstrated in a nonlinear simulation model of beam transmission. The comparison of the approach with the traditional numerical optimization as well as neural networks based agents demonstrates better convergence of the proposed technique.

Poster THPAB191 [0.846 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB191

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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THPAB200

Cavity Control Modelling for SPS-to-LHC Beam Transfer Studies

cavity, beam-loading, simulation, injection

4168

L.E. Medina Medrano, T. Argyropoulos, P. Baudrenghien, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
To accurately simulate injection losses in the LHC and the High-Luminosity LHC era, a realistic beam distribution model at SPS extraction is needed. To achieve this, the beam-loading compensation by the SPS cavity controller has to be included, as it modulates the bunch positions with respect to the rf buckets. This dynamic cavity control model also allows generating a more realistic beam halo, from which the LHC injection losses will mainly originate. In this paper, the implementation of the present SPS cavity controller in CERN’s Beam Longitudinal Dynamics particle tracking code is described. Just like in the machine, the feedback and feedforward controls are included in the simulation model, as well as the generator-beam-cavity interaction. Benchmarking against measurements of the generated beam distributions at SPS extraction are presented.

Poster THPAB200 [4.164 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB200

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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THPAB232

Study of Nonlinear Properties of ESR via Tune Scans

quadrupole, closed-orbit, optics, storage-ring

4250

G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The ESR storage ring at GSI is a key accelerator for the FAIR phase zero. This phase requires several highly specialized beam manipulations, which range from beam storage to deceleration of several ion species with the ultimate goal to provide intense highly charge ions to CRYRING. This plan will bring the ESR storage ring into a unique unexplored regime of accelerator operations where nonlinear dynamics, IBS, cooling, and high intensity will all become strongly interdependent. It is, therefore, necessary to acquire the best knowledge of the machine starting from its nonlinear dynamics properties. In this work, we present the development of a strategy to be used in the ESR, in which tune scans are used to explore the nonlinear properties of the accelerator. This approach is discussed with the help of simulations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB232

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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THPAB243

Optimizing Mu2e Spill Regulation System Algorithms

extraction, simulation, network, resonance

4281

A. Narayanan
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
K.J. Hazelwood, M.A. Ibrahim, V.P. Nagaslaev, D.J. Nicklaus, P.S. Prieto, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya, R.M. Thurman-Keup, N.V. Tran
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
H. Liu, S. Memik, R. Shi, M. Thieme
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

Funding: The work has been performed at Fermilab. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
A slow extraction system is being developed for the Fermilab’s Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the Mu2e experiment. During the extraction, the beam on target experiences small intensity variations owing to many factors. Various adaptive learning algorithms will be employed for beam regulation to achieve the required spill quality. We discuss here preliminary results of the slow and fast regulation algorithms validation through the computer simulations before their implementation in the FPGA. Particle tracking with sextupole resonance was used to determine the fine shape of the spill profile. Fast semi-analytical simulation schemes and Machine Learning models were used to optimize the fast regulation loop.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB243

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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THPAB249

X-Ray Beam Position Monitor (XBPM) Calibration at NSRC Solaris

photon, undulator, insertion, radiation

4292

M. Waniczek, A. Curcio, G.W. Kowalski, R. Panaś, A.I. Wawrzyniak
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland

During the installation of Front-ends in sections 4th (XMCD beamline frontend) and 6th (PHELIX beamline frontend) at National Synchrotron Radiation Centre Solaris (NSRC Solaris), two units (one for each front end) of X-ray Beam Position Monitors (XBPM) have been installed as a diagnostic tool enabling for measurement of photon beam position. Hardware units of XBPM were manufactured, delivered, and eventually installed in Solaris by FMB Berlin. In order to get readouts of beam position from XBPM units, Libera Photon 2016 controller has been used as a complementary electronic device. Since XBPM units are supposed to be used along with the insertion device, an on-site Libera calibration was necessary. Libera’s calibration required few iterations of scans involving gap and phase movement of insertion devices at the 4th and 6th sections of the Solaris ring. The main focus was put on the derivation of Kx, and Ky coefficients. The content of this document describes step by step the procedure of Libera’s Kx, Ky coefficients value derivation at NSRC Solaris.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB249

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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THPAB250

Fire Detection System Reliability Analysis: An Operational Data-Based Framework

framework, operation, detector, database

4296

M.M.C. Averna, G. Gai
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

This paper describes a framework developed at CERN, conducting reliability analysis of Safety-Critical Systems (Fire detection and Alarms) based on operational data. It applies Fault-Tree Analysis on maintenance-related data, categorized based on the component on failure. This framework, a tool implemented in Python, accounts for Fire Detection components installed in tunnels and surface buildings (control panels, detectors, etc) and safety functions triggered upon detection (evacuation, alarms to the CERN Fire Brigade, compartmentalization, electrical isolation, etc). The usefulness of the results of this type of analysis is twofold. Firstly, the results are a supporting tool for estimating the yearly availability of Fire Detection Systems in critical facilities, crucial in Capital and Operational Expenditure identification. Additionally, this approach refines the frequency analysis as part of quantitative fire risk assessments performed in the context of the FIRIA (Fire-Induced Radiological Integrated Assessment) Project, launched by CERN in 2018 and aiming at assessing the risk of fire events in experimental facilities with potential radiologic consequences to the public.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB250

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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THPAB252

Machine Learning for Improved Availability of the SNS Klystron High Voltage Converter Modulators

operation, klystron, real-time, high-voltage

4303

G.C. Pappas
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
D. Lu
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M. Schram
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
D.L. Vrabie
PNNL, Richland, Washington, USA

Funding: SNS/ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy
Beam availability has increased at the SNS, however, the targeted availability is greater than 95 %, while the SNS has failed to meet lower targets in the past. The HVCM used to power the linac klystrons have been one source of lost beam time and was chosen to explore using AI/ML techniques to improve reliability. Among the possibilities being explored are automating the tuning of HVCMs and predicting component failures such as capacitor aging, rectifier assemblies containing hundreds of diodes, and insulating oil degradation. The methodology pursued includes data cleaning, de-noising, post-analysis data labeling, and machine learning model development. We explore using Long Short-Term Memory and autoencoders for anomaly detection and prognostication used to schedule maintenance. We evaluate the use of model regularizers and constraints to improve the performance of the model and investigate methods to estimate the uncertainty of the models to provide a robust prediction with statistical interoperability. This paper describes the operational experience and known failures of the HVCMs and the proposed ML methodology and the preliminary results of training the AI/ML algorithms.
* G. Dodson, Approach to Reliable Operations, 26-Dodson_Approach to Reliable Operation-r1.pdf, Feb., 2010.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB252

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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THPAB257

Fast Orbit Corrector Power Supply in MTCA.4 Form Factor for Sirius Light Source

power-supply, feedback, hardware, target

4307

A.F. Giachero, G.B.M. Bruno, L.M. Russo, D.O. Tavares
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

A new fast orbit feedback (FOFB) hardware architecture has been pursued at Sirius. The fast corrector magnets’ are fed by power supply modules which are placed in the same MicroTCA.4 crates where the BPM digitizers and FOFB controllers are located. Each channel is made of a 3-Watt linear amplifier whose output currents are digitally controlled by the same FPGA where the distributed orbit feedback controller is processed. The amplifier is specified to reach up to 10 kHz small-signal bandwidth on a 3.5 mH inductance magnet and ±1 A full scale, which translates to 30 urad deflection on Sirius’ 3 GeV beam. Such a high level of integration aims at minimizing the overall latency of the FOFB loop while leveraging the crate infrastructure, namely electronics enclosure, DC power, cooling, and hardware management support already provided by the MTCA.4 crates. The fast corrector power supply channels are placed on Rear Transition Modules (RTMs) which are attached to the front AMC FPGA module where the FOFB controller is implemented. This paper will describe the main design concepts and report on the experimental results of the first prototypes.

Poster THPAB257 [48.881 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB257

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paper received ※ 22 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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THPAB259

High Level Applications for Sirius Accelerators Control

EPICS, operation, MMI, interface

4314

A.C.S. Oliveira, M.B. Alves, L. Liu, X.R. Resende, F.H. de Sá
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Sirius is a 4th generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source that has just finalised the first commissioning phase at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) campus in Campinas, Brazil. The large number of process variables and large complexity of the subsystems in this type of machine requires the development of tools to simplify the commissioning and operation of the accelerators. This paper describes some of the high level control tools developed for the accelerators commissioning and future operation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB259

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THPAB260

Detection and Classification of Collective Beam Behaviour in the LHC

extraction, operation, injection, network

4318

L. Coyle, F. Blanc, T. Pieloni, M. Schenk
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
X. Buffat, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, J. Wenninger
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Krymova, G. Obozinski
SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland

Collective instabilities can lead to a severe deterioration of beam quality, in terms of reduced beam intensity and increased beam emittance, and consequently a reduction of the collider’s luminosity. It is therefore crucial for the operation of the CERN’s Large Hadron Collider to understand the conditions in which they appear in order to find appropriate mitigation measures. Using bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn beam amplitude data, courtesy of the transverse damper’s observation box (ObsBox), a novel machine learning based approach is developed to both detect and classify these instabilities. By training an autoencoder neural network on the ObsBox amplitude data and using the model’s reconstruction error, instabilities and other phenomena are separated from nominal beam behaviour. Additionally, the latent space encoding of this autoencoder offers a unique image like representation of the beam amplitude signal. Leveraging this latent space representation allows us to cluster the various types of anomalous signals.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB260

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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THPAB268

Hierarchical Intelligent Real-Time Optimal Control for LLRF Using Time Series Machine Learning Methods and Transfer Learning

LLRF, cavity, network, simulation

4329

R. Pirayesh, S. Biedron
UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
S. Biedron, J.A. Diaz Cruz, M. Martínez-Ramón
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
J.A. Diaz Cruz
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: supported by DOE, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under award number DE-SC0019468, Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, also supported Office of Basic Energy Sciences. ALCF, Element Aero
Machine learning (ML) has recently been applied to Low-level RF (LLRF) control systems to keep the voltage and phase of Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) cavities stable within 0.01 degree in phase and 0.01% amplitude as constraints. Model predictive control (MPC) uses an optimization algorithm offline to minimize a cost function with constraints on the states and control input. The surrogate model optimally controls the cavities online. Time series deep ML structures including recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) can model the control input of MPC and dynamics of LLRF as a surrogate model. When the predicted states diverge from the measured states more than a threshold at each time step, the states’ measurements from the cavity fine-tune the surrogate model with transfer learning. MPC does the optimization offline again with the updated surrogate model, and, next, transfer learning fine-tunes the surrogate model with the new data from the optimal control inputs. The surrogate model provides us with a computationally faster and accurate modeling of MPC and LLRF, which in turn results in a more stable control system.
Machine learning, Surrogate model, control, LLRF, MPC, Transfer learning

Poster THPAB268 [0.377 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB268

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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THPAB271

JLAB LLRF 3.0 Development and Tests

cavity, LLRF, FPGA, cryomodule

4340

T.E. Plawski, R. Bachimanchi, S. Higgins, C. Hovater, J. Latshaw, C.I. Mounts, D.J. Seidman, J. Yan
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Jefferson Lab LLRF 3.0 system is being developed to replace legacy LLRF systems in the CEBAF accelerator. The new design builds upon 25 years of design and operational RF control experience, and our recent collaboration in the design of the LCLSII LLRF system. The new cavity control algorithm is a fully functional phase and amplitude locked Self Exciting Loop (SEL). This paper discusses the progress of the LLRF 3.0 hardware design, FPGA firmware development, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) operation, and recent LLRF 3.0 system tests on the CEBAF Booster cryomodule in the Upgrade Injector Test Facility (UITF).

Poster THPAB271 [1.940 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB271

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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THPAB287

Providing Computing Power for High Level Controllers in MicroTCA-based LLRF Systems via PCI Express Extension

LLRF, software, Ethernet, cavity

4363

P. Nonn, A. Eichler, S. Pfeiffer, H. Schlarb, J.H.K. Timm
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

It is possible to connect the PCIe bus of a high performance computer to a MicroTCA crate. This allows the software on the computer to communicate with the modules in the crate, as if they were peripherals of the computer. This article will discuss the use of this feature in respect to accelerator control with a focus on High Level Controllers.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB287

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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THPAB300

Structure Design and Motion Analysis of 6-DOF Sample Positioning Platform

radiation, synchrotron-radiation, GUI, synchrotron

4387

G.Y. Wang, J.X. Chen, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
L. Kang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

with the development of synchrotron radiation (SR) light source technology, in order to meet the requirements of sample positioning platform of some beamline stations, such as adjusting resolution at the nanometer level and having larger sample scanning distance, a six degree of freedom positioning platform based on spacefab structure was developed. The key technologies such as coordinate parameter transformation, kinematics analysis, and adjustment decoupling algorithm of 6-DOF pose adjustment system of SpaceFAB positioning platform are mainly studied. A 6-DOF platform driven by a stepping motor is designed and manufactured. The control system of the 6-DOF Platform Based on bus control is developed, and the adjustment accuracy is tested. The repeated positioning accuracy of the platform in three directions is 0.019 mm, and that of rotation is 0.011 ° in three directions. The test results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis of SpaceFAB structure and the rationality of mechanism design. The research on the platform motion algorithm and control system has important reference value for the follow-up research of large stroke nano-6-dof positioning platform.

Poster THPAB300 [1.517 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB300

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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THPAB319

RF Power Generating System for the Linear Ion Accelerator

DTL, rfq, MEBT, power-supply

4417

V.G. Kuzmichev, T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin, D.N. Selesnev, A. Sitnikov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
M.L. Smetanin, A.V. Telnov, N.V. Zavyalov
VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia

An RF power supply system based on solid-state amplifiers has been developed for the linear accelerator of heavy ions. The report contains information on the characteristics and composition of the system, presents the LLRF structure for RFQ and DTL sections.

Poster THPAB319 [0.275 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB319

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 August 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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THPAB335

Optical Phase Space Mapping Using a Digital Micro-Mirror Device

experiment, radiation, GUI, optics

4439

M. Vujanovic, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A.L. Kippax
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Optical transition radiation (OTR) is routinely used to measure transverse beam size, divergence , and emittance of charged particle beams. Presented here is an experimental method, which uses micro-mirror device (DMD) to conduct optical phase space mapping (OPSM). OPSM will be a next step and significant enhancement of the measurements capabilities of an adaptive optics-based beam characterization system. For this measurements, a DMD will be used to generate a reflective mask that replicates the double slit. Since the DMD makes it possible to easily change the size, shape and position of the mask, the use of the DMD will greatly simplify OPSM and make it more flexible, faster and more useful for diagnostics applications. The process can be automated and integrated into a control system that can be used to optimize the beam transport.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB335

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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THPAB336

Novel Magnetron Operation and Control Methods for Superconducting RF Accelerators

injection, operation, cavity, SRF

4442

G.M. Kazakevich, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
T.N. Khabiboulline, G.V. Romanov, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

High power magnetrons designed and optimized for industrial heating, being injection-locked, have been suggested to power superconducting RF cavities for accelerators due to lower cost and higher efficiency. However, standard operation methods do not provide high efficiency with wideband control suppressing microphonics. We have developed and experimentally verified novel methods of operating and controlling the magnetron that provide stable RF generation with higher efficiency and lower noise than other RF sources. By our method the magnetrons operate with the anode voltage notably lower than the self-excitation threshold improving its performance. This is also a promising way to increase tube reliability and longevity. A magnetron operating with the anode voltage lower than the self-excitation threshold, in so-called stimulated coherent generation mode has special advantage for pulse operation with a gated injection-locking signal. This eliminates the need for expensive pulsed HV modulators and additionally increases the magnetron RF source efficiency due to absence of losses in HV modulators.

Poster THPAB336 [0.960 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB336

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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THPAB337

Resonance Control System for the PIP-II IT HWR Cryomodule

cavity, feedback, cryomodule, resonance

4446

P. Varghese, B.E. Chase, P.M. Hanlet, H. Maniar, D.J. Nicklaus, S. Sankar Raman
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.R. Doolittle, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The HWR (half-wave-resonator) cryomodule is the first one in the superconducting section of the PIP-II LINAC project at Fermilab. PIP-II IT is a test facility for the project where the injector, warm front-end, and the first two superconducting cryomodules are being tested. The HWR cryomodule comprises 8 cavities operating at a frequency of 162.5 MHz and accelerating beam up to 10 MeV. Resonance control of the cavities is performed with a pneumatically operated slow tuner which compresses the cavity at the beam ports. Helium gas pressure in a bellows mounted to an end wall of the cavity is controlled by two solenoid valves, one on the pressure side and one on the vacuum side. The resonant frequency of the cavity can be controlled in one of two modes. A pressure feedback control loop can hold the cavity tuner pressure at a fixed value for the desired resonant frequency. Alternately, the feedback loop can regulate the cavity tuner pressure to bring the RF detuning error to zero. The resonance controller is integrated into the LLRF control system for the cryomodule. The control system design and performance of the resonance control system are described in this paper.

Poster THPAB337 [4.426 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB337

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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THPAB338

Performance of the LLRF System for the Fermilab PIP-II Injector Test

cavity, LLRF, resonance, cryomodule

4450

P. Varghese, B.E. Chase, P.M. Hanlet, H. Maniar, D.J. Nicklaus
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.R. Doolittle, C. Serrano
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

PIP-II IT is a test facility for the PIP-II project where the injector, warm front-end, and the first two superconducting cryomodules are being tested. The 8-cavity half-wave-resonator (HWR) cryomodule operating at 162.5 MHz is followed by the 8-cavity single-spoke resonator(SSR1) cryomodule operating at 325 MHz. The LLRF systems for both cryomodules are based on a common SOC FPGA-based hardware platform. The resonance control systems for the two cryomodules are quite different, the first being a pneumatic system based on helium pressure and the latter a piezo/stepper motor type control. The data acquisition and control system can support both CW and Pulsed mode operations. Beam loading compensation is available which can be used for both manual/automatic control in the LLRF system. The user interfaces include EPICS, Labview, and ACNET. Testing of the RF system has progressed to the point of being ready for a 2 mA beam to be accelerated to 25 MeV. The design and performance of the field control and resonance control system operation with beam are presented in this paper.

Poster THPAB338 [5.482 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB338

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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THPAB347

Status of Sirius Storage Ring RF System

cavity, operation, storage-ring, MMI

4470

A.P.B. Lima, D. Daminelli, R.H.A. Farias, F.K.G. Hoshino, F.S. Oliveira, R.R.C. Santos, M.H. Wallner
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

The design configuration of the Sirius Light Source RF System is based on two superconducting RF cavities and eight 60 kW solid state amplifiers operating at 500 MHz. The current configuration, based on a 7-cell room temperature cavity, was initially planned for commissioning and initial tests of the beamlines. However, it will have to remain in operation longer than planned. Sirius has been operating in decay mode for beamline tests with an initial current of 70 mA. We present an overview of the first-year operation of the RF system and the preparations for the installation of the two superconducting cavities, which is expected to take place in 2023.

Poster THPAB347 [1.322 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB347

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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THPAB349

Feed-Forward Neural Network Based Modelling of an Ultrafast Laser for Enhanced Control

laser, network, electron, cathode

4478

A. Aslam, M. Martínez-Ramón, S.D. Scott
UNM-ECE, Albuquerque, USA
S. Biedron
Argonne National Laboratory, Office of Naval Research Project, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Biedron
Element Aero, Chicago, USA
S. Biedron
UNM-ME, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
M. Burger, J. Murphy
NERS-UM, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
K.M. Krushelnick, J. Nees, A.G.R. Thomas
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Y. Ma
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y. Ma
Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Funding: Acknowledgements: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under award number DE-SC0019468.
The applications of machine learning in today’s world encompass all fields of life and physical sciences. In this paper, we implement a machine learning based algorithm in the context of laser physics and particle accelerators. Specifically, a neural network-based optimisation algorithm has been developed that offers enhanced control over an ultrafast femtosecond laser in comparison to the traditional Proportional Integral and derivative (PID) controls. This research opens a new potential of utilising machine learning and even deep learning techniques to improve the performance of several different lasers and accelerators systems.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB349

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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THPAB354

Deployment and Commissioning of the CERN PS Injection Kicker System for Operation with 2 GeV Beams in Short Circuit Mode

kicker, injection, operation, MMI

4489

T. Kramer, N. Ayala, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, P.A.H. Burkel, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, A. Ferrero Colomo, M.A. Fraser, L.A. Govertsen, R. Noulibos, S. Pavis, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Within the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project, the feasibility and design of an upgrade of the existing CERN PS proton injection kicker system have been outlined in previous publications already. This paper describes the adjustments of final design choices, testing, and deployment as well as the validation and commissioning of the new 2 GeV injection kicker system. The upgrade pays particular attention to the reduction of pulse reflections unavoidably induced by a magnet in short circuit mode configuration whilst keeping a fast 10⁴ ns rise and fall time. An adapted thyratron triggering system to reduce jitter and enhance thyratron lifetime is outlined. Additionally, improvements to the magnet entry box and the elimination of SF6 gas in the magnet connection box and the associated pulse transmission lines are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB354

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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THPAB356

Progress and Status on Civil Construction of the SIS100 Accelerator Building

site, status, radiation, HOM

4493

M. Draisbach, N. Pyka, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
J. Blaurock, M. Ossendorf
FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany

Besides the accelerator machine itself, civil construction of the accelerator ring tunnel building in the northern area of the FAIR campus is a core activity of the rapidly progressing FAIR project. It will facilitate and supply the future SIS100 accelerator at 17m underground level and has been growing continuously and according to schedule since groundbreaking in 2017. This contribution presents the current status of the civil construction progress and gives an optimistic forecast for the preparation of machine installation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB356

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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FRXC06

Development of the Prototype of the Cavity BPM System for SHINE

cavity, FEL, experiment, electron

4552

J. Chen, Y.B. Leng, R.X. Yuan
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
S.S. Cao
SINAP, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
L.W. Lai
SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

The Shanghai high repetition rate XFEL and extreme light facility (SHINE) under construction is designed as one of the most advanced FEL facilities in the world, which will produce coherent x-rays with wavelengths from 0.05 to 3 nm and maximum repetition rate of 1MHz. In order to achieve precise, stable alignment of the electron and photo beams in the undulator, the prototype of the cavity beam position monitors (CBPM) including C-band and X-band have been designed and fabricated for the SHINE. And the requirement of the transverse position resolution is better than 200 nm for a single bunch of 100 pC at the dynamic range of ±100 µm. In this paper, we present the design of the cavity with high loaded Q and the RF front-end with low noise-figure, adjustable gain, single-stage down-conversion and phase-locked with reference clock, and also described the structure and specifications of the home-made data acquisition (DAQ) system. The construction of the experiment platform and preliminary measurement result with beam at Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL facility (SXFEL) will be addressed as well.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXC06

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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