IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPAB132	The Multi-Mega-Watt Target Station for the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam	target, proton, experiment, hadron	466
	E. Baussan, E. Bouquerel, L. D’Alessi, M. Dracos, P. Poussot, J. Thomas, J. Wurtz, V. Zeter IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France P. Cupial, M. Koziol, L.J. Lacny, J. Snamina AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland I. Efthymiopoulos CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland T. Tolba University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777419 and also by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft No 423761110. One of the next challenges in fundamental physics is to understand the origin of matter/antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. In particular, intense neutrinos could play an important role to elucidate this mystery and better understand the expansion of the Universe. The ESSnuSB collaboration proposes to use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund (Sweden) to produce a very intense neutrino super beam, in parallel with the spallation neutron production. A very challenging part of the proposed facility is the Target Station which will have to afford 5 MW proton beam power. This poster will present the hadronic collector and the whole facility to produce the next generation of neutrino superbeam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB132
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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MOPAB159	Matching of an RFQ and Multicusp Ion Source with Compact LEBT	rfq, LEBT, cyclotron, simulation	546
	L.H. Waites, J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: NSF provided funding for RFQ-DIP project, Draper Laboratory provided fellowship for graduate studnets The IsoDAR project is a neutrino experiment that requires a high current H²⁺ beam at 60 MeV/amu, which will be produced by a cyclotron. A critical aspect of the design is the injection, which comprises an ion source, a compact low energy beam transport section (LEBT), and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) buncher embedded in the cyclotron yoke. The LEBT is optimized to match the desired input Twiss parameters of the RFQ. Here we report on the latest results from the ion source commissioning, and on the design and optimization of the LEBT with matching to the RFQ. With this ion source, we have demonstrated a 76% H²⁺ fraction at a current density of 11 mA/cm² in DC mode. The design of the LEBT includes a chopper, steering elements, and focusing elements, to achieve the desired matching, which according to our simulations leads to ~95% transmission from the ion source to the exit of the RFQ.
	Poster MOPAB159 [0.851 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB159
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB196	Field tuning of the 1 MeV/n RFQ at KOMAC	rfq, dipole, quadrupole, solenoid	662
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.J. Dang, W.-H. Jung, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.H. Kim, S. Lee Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) operation funds through Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST) of Korean Government. A 1 MeV/n Radio-frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is under development at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC), the purposes of which are swift ion beam irradiation and compact neutron source. The RFQ was designed to accelerate ions with mass to charge (A/q) ratio up to 2.5. The designed peak current was 10 mA with 10% duty ratio. The RFQ is four vane structure resonated at 200 MHz. It has total 40 frequency tuners. There are no dipole rods and resonant coupling plate because the mode separation was large enough and the length of the RFQ was only two times of the wavelength. In this paper, the development status and field tuning results of the 1 MeV/n RFQ are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB196
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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MOPAB282	Development of a Multi-Camera System for Non-Invasive Intense Ion Beam Investigations	diagnostics, solenoid, vacuum, experiment	895
	A. Ateş, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The continued popularity of miniaturized cameras integrated into smartphones is leading to further research for more advanced CMOS camera sensors. This made CMOS technology even superior to scientific CCD cameras. Due to the lower power consumption and high flexibility, a multicamera system can be developed more effectively. At the Institute of Applied Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt (IAP) a prototype of a beam induced rest gas fluorescence monitor (BIF) was developed and tested successfully. The BIF consists of x and y single board cameras integrated into the vacuum chamber. A multi-camera system was installed in the LEBT area of the FRANZ project at the IAP within the first diagnostic chamber. This system consists of six cameras. With this equipment it is possible to investigate the beam along a 484 mm path in x and y direction. The developments on the reconstruction and image processing methods are in progress.
	Poster MOPAB282 [1.139 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB282
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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MOPAB351	Using an RFQ to Transport Intense Heavy Ion Beams from an ECR Ion Source	rfq, ECR, focusing, gun	1093
	G.O. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India R.W. Hamm R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA
	In the transport of high intensity, heavy ions from an ECR ion source through a low energy beam transport (LEBT) section, space charge can limit the transmission. It has been proposed to use a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) to efficiently address this problem. The stray magnetic field of the ECR ion source can be used to provide focusing against the space charge blow-up when using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) developed for laser ion sources. The RFQ will focus and transport the injected beam, eliminating most of the charge states extracted from the ECR ion source. This narrowing of the charge state distribution is a filter, reducing the low energy beam transport problem, as well as the emittance growth for the desired beam. A combined extraction/matching system has been designed for direct injection into a 48.5 MHz RFQ for the production of 238U⁴⁰⁺ (0.52 mA) and 209Bi³⁰⁺ (1.047 mA) beams. The IGUN code has been used to design the injection directly into the RFQ. The RFQ design has been modified with a pre-buncher built into the vanes to narrow the transmitted charge state distribution as much as possible. The design details of this system will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB351
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB404	A Low Emittance Compact Proton Injector for a Proton Therapy Facility	proton, emittance, LEBT, rfq	1218
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, B.J. Cui, Z.Y. Guo, Y.X. Jiang, K. Li, T.H. Ma, J. Sun, W.B. Wu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Y.H. Pu Shanghai APACTRON Particle Equipment Company Limited, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
	To meet the requirements of a Proton Therapy Facility funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, a new compact ion source-LEBT integrated proton injector was developed at Peking University (PKU). It consists of a typical PKU permanent magnet compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source (PMECRIS) and an electrostatic LEBT with an electrostatic lens, a beam chopper, a set of beam steers, an ACCT, a bellow, an e-trap, and a valve. A 1000 L/s molecular pump is adopted to maintain the vacuum for this integrated injector. The length from RF matching plane to RFQ front flange is about 450 mm. Chopper is used to shorten the pulse length from ms to µs with sharp edges. Test results of this PMECR source prove that it has the ability to deliver a proton beam with a current from 10 mA to 90 mA with a duty factor of 3%(100Hz/0.3ms) and its RMS emittance less than 0.1 mm·mrad at 30 keV. The acceptance tests of this integrated injector have been performed with a 30 keV hydrogen beam. A required proton current of 18 mA with ripple wave less than 0.1 mA successfully passed through a 20 mm aperture diaphragm at RFQ entrance flange. Its rms emittance is about 0.06 mm·mrad.
	Poster MOPAB404 [1.946 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB404
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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TUXB07	High-Current H₂⁺ Beams from a Compact Cyclotron using RFQ Direct Injection	cyclotron, rfq, simulation, extraction	1301
	D. Winklehner, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by NSF grants PHY-1505858 and PHY-1626069. For the IsoDAR neutrino experiment, we have developed a compact and cost-effective cyclotron-based driver to produce high current beams (cw proton beam currents of >10 mA at 60 MeV). This is a factor of 4 higher than the current state-of-the-art for cyclotrons and a factor of 10 compared to what is commercially available. All areas of physics that call for high cw currents can greatly benefit from this result; e.g. particle physics, medical isotope production, and energy research. This increase in beam current is possible in part because the cyclotron is designed to include and use vortex-motion, allowing clean extraction. Such a design process is only possible with the help of high-fidelity codes, like OPAL. Another novelty is the use of an RFQ embedded in the cyclotron yoke to bunch the beam during axial injection. Finally, using H²⁺ relieves some of the space charge constraints during injection. In this paper, we will give an overview of the project and then focus on the design and simulations of the cyclotron itself. We will describe the physics, computational tools, and simulation results. At the end, we will describe how we are including machine learning in the simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB07
About •	paper received ※ 27 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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TUPAB057	Carbon Beam at I-3 Injector for Semiconductor Implantation	radiation, laser, target, plasma	1489
	A.A. Losev, P.N. Alekseev, N.N. Alexeev, T. Kulevoy, A.D. Milyachenko, Yu.A. Satov, A. Shumshurov ITEP, Moscow, Russia P.B. Lagov NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia M.E. Letovaltseva MIREA, Moscow, Russia Y.S. Pavlov IPCE RAS, Moscow, Russia
	Carbon implantation can be effectively used for axial minority charge carriers lifetime control in various silicon bulk and epitaxial planar structures. When carbon is implanted, more stable recombination centers are formed and silicon is not doped with additional impurities, as for example, when irradiated with protons or helium ions. Economically, such a process competes with alternative methods, and is more efficient for obtaining small lifetimes (several nanoseconds). I-3 ion injector with laser-plasma ion source in Institute for theoretical and experimental physics (ITEP) is used as ion implanter in semiconductors. The ion source uses pulsed CO₂ laser setup with radiation-flux density of 10¹¹ W/cm² at target surface. The ion source produces beams of various ions from solid targets. The generated ion beam is accelerated in the two gap RF resonator at voltage of up to 2 MV per gap. Resulting beam energy is up to 4 MV per charge. Parameters of carbon ion beam generated and used for semiconductor samples irradiation during experiments for axial minority charge carriers lifetime control in various silicon bulk and epitaxial planar structures are presented.
	Poster TUPAB057 [0.630 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB057
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021
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TUPAB169	Overall Concept Design of a Heavy-Ion Injector for XiPAF-Upgrading	heavy-ion, rfq, DTL, LEBT	1781
	P.F. Ma, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Y. Lei, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, X.D. Yu, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W. Chen, W.L. Liu, W. Lv, M.T. Qiu, B.C. Wang, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y.H. Yan, M.T. Zhao NINT, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
	A heavy-ion injector can be used for SEE study. In this paper, the primary beam dynamics design of a heavy-ion injector for the XiPAF upgrade is presented. The injector consists of an ECR heavy-ion source, a LEBT, an RFQ, and a DTL. The mass charge ratio can be up to 6.5. The RFQ can accelerate heavy ions to 500 keV/u, and the DTL can accelerate the ions to 2 MeV/u, which can meet the requirement of the synchrotron.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB169
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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TUPAB171	Linear Transfer Matrix of a Half Solenoid	solenoid, emittance, optics, coupling	1789
	P.F. Ma, X. Guan, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, X.D. Yu, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Solenoid magnets can provide strong transverse focusing to electrons and ions with relatively small energies. For the ECR heavy-ion source, the ions are extracted at the central area of the solenoid, the beam is coupled at the exit of the source. The coupling caused by the solenoids can lead to the growth of projected transverse emittance, which has been widely studied with great interest. It is important to study the transfer matrix of a half solenoid to study the beam optics in an ECR souce, thus the property of the beam can be given. Based on the transfer matrix calculation, the summary of the linear transfer matrix of a half solenoid can be given. The beam optics in a half solenoid is studied.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB171
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB176	ESS Proton Beam Trajectory Correction	MEBT, linac, DTL, simulation	1809
	N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, M. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is under construction in Lund, Sweden. Beam trajectory correction is essential to mitigate the effect of accelerator element misalignment, constituting the first step to minimise beam losses. The correction will be performed using correctors distributed along the accelerator, based on the beam position monitor (BPM) readout. Three trajectory correction techniques are considered: one-to-one steering, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and MICADO (selecting a subset of correctors for the trajectory correction). The performance of the three methods is simulated for the ESS linac and a comparison of the outcomes is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB176
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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TUPAB188	InnovaTron: An Innovative High-Intensity Industrial Cyclotron for Production of Tc-99m and Other Frontier Medical Radioisotopes*	cyclotron, extraction, proton, acceleration	1841
	G. D’Agostino, Q. Flandroy, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. van der Kraaij IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190. Tc-99m is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. It is almost exclusively produced with a few ageing research reactors worldwide. In response to growing concerns about Tc-99m availability and its increasing demand, alternative production routes are being explored. The EU-funded InnovaTron project aims at designing an innovative compact high-intensity self-extracting cyclotron able to deliver proton beams with currents up to 5 mA or more for the direct production of Tc-99m. It could be also used for production of high quantities of other frontier medical radioisotopes. The proton beams exit without using an electrostatic deflector to overcome its current limitations. A prototype cyclotron was built by IBA in 2001. Currents up to 2 mA were extracted from it. However, at higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was not higher than 70-75% and the extracted emittance was rather large. The InnovaTron project will implement new technological solutions in the self-extracting cyclotron to be used for large-scale industrial applications. An overview on the InnovaTron project is here presented together with the first simulation results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB188
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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TUPAB237	Symplectic Tracking Through Field Maps	quadrupole, cavity, dipole, radio-frequency	1992
	S.D. Webb RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA B.T. Folsom, E. Laface, R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden
	For many applications, it is necessary to track particles using field maps, instead of an analytic representation of the fields which is typically not available. These field maps come about while designing elements such as realistic magnets or radiofrequency cavities, and represent the field geometry on a mesh in space. However, simple interpolation of the fields from the field maps does not guarantee that the resulting tracking scheme satisfies the symplectic condition. Here we present a general method to decompose the field-map potential in the sum of interpolating functions that produces, by construction, a symplectic integrator.
	Poster TUPAB237 [0.307 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB237
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB300	Ion Source Optimization Using Bi-Objective Genetic and Matrix-Profile Algorithm	controls, experiment, ECR, software	2190
	W. Geithner, Z. Andelkovic, O. Geithner, F. Herfurth, V. Rapp GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Neméth Atato, Alzenau, Germany A. Van Benschoten MPF, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA F. Wilhelmstötter emarsys, Vienna, Austria
	Employing the local ECR ion source of the FAIR phase 0 ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR, we set up an IT-environment for on-line data processing and applications based on the data available from beam diagnostic instruments and input signals controlling the ion source. As a first proof of principle, we implemented a closed-loop optimization software controller based on bi-objective Genetic Optimization. As one property for optimization we used the ion beam current measured with a Faraday-cup detector. As second optimization-property we the on-line processed time-resolved signal of the individual ion-source pulses employing the relatively new Matrix-Profile Algorithm* which provides a measure for the shot-by-shot variability of the consecutive pulses. We will report on the status of the data logging framework, the implementation of related software programs and the results of first tests. * Wilhelmstötter, F.: Jenetics advanced genetic algorithm, online http://jenetics.io ** Matrix Profile Foundation. Homepage, online https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation
	Poster TUPAB300 [5.485 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB300
About •	paper received ※ 01 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB328	Machine Learning for Time Series Prediction of an Accelerator Beam to Recognize Equipment Malfunction	cavity, SRF, linac, neutron	2272
	C.C. Peters ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA W. Blokland, D.L. Brown, F. Liu, C.D. Long, D. Lu, P. Ramuhalli, D.E. Womble, J. Zhang, A.P. Zhukov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator based pulsed neutron source based on a 1 GeV pulsed proton Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) linear accelerator (linac). Since beginning high power beam operation in 2006 correlations have been found linking abrupt beam loss events to SRF cavity instabilities. With the planned upgrades to double the beam power we expect increased rates of degradation and the importance of minimizing these beam loss events will become ever more important. To further limit degradation, we are developing machine learning approaches to monitor the beam and to detect, predict and prevent beam loss events. Initial research has shown that precursors to beam loss events are detectable. The initial steps are to use ML-based classification to recognize anomalies and to use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoders to predict beam loss. In this paper, we describe recent progress in applying machine learning for recognizing anomalies and predicting beam loss and present initial results of our research using acquired data from different diagnostics and the Machine Protection System (MPS).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB328
About •	paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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WEPAB176	Acceleration of He⁺ Beams for Injection Into NICA Booster During its First Run	rfq, booster, heavy-ion, injection	3016
	K.A. Levterov, V.P. Akimov, D.S. Letkin, D.O. Leushin, V.V. Mialkovskiy JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia A.M. Bazanov, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, D. Egorov, A.R. Galimov, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, V.V. Kobets, A.D. Kovalenko, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.A. Monchinsky, D.O. Ponkin, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Höltermann, H. Podlech BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) is designed to accelerate the heavy ions with ratio A/Z<=6.25 produced by ESIS ion source up to the 3.2 MeV for the injection into superconducting synchrotron (SC) Booster. HILAC was commissioned in 2018 using the carbon beams from Laser Ion Source (LIS). The project output energy was verified. Transmission could be estimated only for DTL structure because of the presence at the RFQ input the mixture of ions with different charge states extracted from laser-plasma. To estimate transmission through the whole linac the ion source producing the only species He⁺ was designed. The beams of He⁺ ions were used for the first run of SC Booster. The design of the helium ion source and results of the He⁺ beam acceleration and injection are described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB176
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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WEPAB191	Magnet System for a Proton/helium ECR Ion Source	ECR, plasma, solenoid, electron	3066
	M.S. Dmitriyev, K.G. Artamonov, M.V. Dyakonov, M.I. Zhigailova MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	The study of the magnetic system of ECRIS with operating frequency of 2.45 GHz for producing protons and double-charged helium ions has been carried out. The results of the numerical simulation of the ECRIS magnetic system based on permanent magnets have been performed. The possibility of shifting the ring magnets in both injection and extraction regions is considered to adjust maximum and minimum values of the axial distribution of a magnetic field in a plasma chamber. The possibility of shifting the bar magnets of the hexapole is shown to provide the adjustment of the radial magnetic field Brad at the chamber wall. Additional solenoids are introduced to the system for providing the required Binj and Bext adjustment and tuning the axial magnetic field distribution including the minimum on the axis Bmin. Furthermore, the magnetic system allows to switch the operation mode of the ECR source to the microwave mode.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB191
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021
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WEPAB407	An Innovative Eco-System for Accelerator Science and Technology	neutron, controls, framework, software	3660
	C. Darve, J.B. Andersen, S. Salman ESS, Lund, Sweden B. Nicquevert, S. Petit CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Stankovski LINXS, Lund, Sweden
	The emergence of new technologies and innovative communication tools permits us to transcend societal challenges. While particle accelerators are essential instruments to improve our quality of life through science and technology, an adequate ecosystem is essential to activate and maximize this potential. Research Infrastructure (RI) and industries supported by enlightened organizations and education, can generate a sustainable environment to serve this purpose. In this paper, we will discuss state-of-the-art infrastructures taking the lead to reach this impact, thus contributing to economic and social transformation.
	Poster WEPAB407 [61.076 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB407
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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THPAB151	The Advantage of Cold Electron Source in Electron Diffraction	electron, simulation, experiment, FEL	4053
	J. Liu, H. Luo SWUST, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
	In this paper, a model for discussing the influence of transverse coherence of electron beams on electron diffraction is established. With reference to Fedele’s thermal-wave model, the transverse coherence length is introduced into this model to characterize the transverse coherence of electron beams. The simulation results show that the transverse coherence of electron beams has a significant influence on electron diffraction, and the cold electron source with high transverse coherence has an obvious advantage in electron diffraction.
	Poster THPAB151 [0.647 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB151
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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THPAB192	Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics	cyclotron, simulation, solenoid, beam-losses	4153
	D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.
	Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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MOPAB132

The Multi-Mega-Watt Target Station for the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam

target, proton, experiment, hadron

466

E. Baussan, E. Bouquerel, L. D’Alessi, M. Dracos, P. Poussot, J. Thomas, J. Wurtz, V. Zeter
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
P. Cupial, M. Koziol, L.J. Lacny, J. Snamina
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
I. Efthymiopoulos
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
T. Tolba
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777419 and also by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft No 423761110.
One of the next challenges in fundamental physics is to understand the origin of matter/antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. In particular, intense neutrinos could play an important role to elucidate this mystery and better understand the expansion of the Universe. The ESSnuSB collaboration proposes to use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund (Sweden) to produce a very intense neutrino super beam, in parallel with the spallation neutron production. A very challenging part of the proposed facility is the Target Station which will have to afford 5 MW proton beam power. This poster will present the hadronic collector and the whole facility to produce the next generation of neutrino superbeam.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB132

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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MOPAB159

Matching of an RFQ and Multicusp Ion Source with Compact LEBT

rfq, LEBT, cyclotron, simulation

546

L.H. Waites, J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: NSF provided funding for RFQ-DIP project, Draper Laboratory provided fellowship for graduate studnets
The IsoDAR project is a neutrino experiment that requires a high current H²⁺ beam at 60 MeV/amu, which will be produced by a cyclotron. A critical aspect of the design is the injection, which comprises an ion source, a compact low energy beam transport section (LEBT), and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) buncher embedded in the cyclotron yoke. The LEBT is optimized to match the desired input Twiss parameters of the RFQ. Here we report on the latest results from the ion source commissioning, and on the design and optimization of the LEBT with matching to the RFQ. With this ion source, we have demonstrated a 76% H²⁺ fraction at a current density of 11 mA/cm² in DC mode. The design of the LEBT includes a chopper, steering elements, and focusing elements, to achieve the desired matching, which according to our simulations leads to ~95% transmission from the ion source to the exit of the RFQ.

Poster MOPAB159 [0.851 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB159

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB196

Field tuning of the 1 MeV/n RFQ at KOMAC

rfq, dipole, quadrupole, solenoid

662

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.J. Dang, W.-H. Jung, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.H. Kim, S. Lee
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) operation funds through Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST) of Korean Government.
A 1 MeV/n Radio-frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is under development at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC), the purposes of which are swift ion beam irradiation and compact neutron source. The RFQ was designed to accelerate ions with mass to charge (A/q) ratio up to 2.5. The designed peak current was 10 mA with 10% duty ratio. The RFQ is four vane structure resonated at 200 MHz. It has total 40 frequency tuners. There are no dipole rods and resonant coupling plate because the mode separation was large enough and the length of the RFQ was only two times of the wavelength. In this paper, the development status and field tuning results of the 1 MeV/n RFQ are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB196

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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MOPAB282

Development of a Multi-Camera System for Non-Invasive Intense Ion Beam Investigations

diagnostics, solenoid, vacuum, experiment

895

A. Ateş, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The continued popularity of miniaturized cameras integrated into smartphones is leading to further research for more advanced CMOS camera sensors. This made CMOS technology even superior to scientific CCD cameras. Due to the lower power consumption and high flexibility, a multicamera system can be developed more effectively. At the Institute of Applied Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt (IAP) a prototype of a beam induced rest gas fluorescence monitor (BIF) was developed and tested successfully. The BIF consists of x and y single board cameras integrated into the vacuum chamber. A multi-camera system was installed in the LEBT area of the FRANZ project at the IAP within the first diagnostic chamber. This system consists of six cameras. With this equipment it is possible to investigate the beam along a 484 mm path in x and y direction. The developments on the reconstruction and image processing methods are in progress.

Poster MOPAB282 [1.139 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB282

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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MOPAB351

Using an RFQ to Transport Intense Heavy Ion Beams from an ECR Ion Source

rfq, ECR, focusing, gun

1093

G.O. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R.W. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA

In the transport of high intensity, heavy ions from an ECR ion source through a low energy beam transport (LEBT) section, space charge can limit the transmission. It has been proposed to use a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) to efficiently address this problem. The stray magnetic field of the ECR ion source can be used to provide focusing against the space charge blow-up when using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) developed for laser ion sources. The RFQ will focus and transport the injected beam, eliminating most of the charge states extracted from the ECR ion source. This narrowing of the charge state distribution is a filter, reducing the low energy beam transport problem, as well as the emittance growth for the desired beam. A combined extraction/matching system has been designed for direct injection into a 48.5 MHz RFQ for the production of 238U⁴⁰⁺ (0.52 mA) and 209Bi³⁰⁺ (1.047 mA) beams. The IGUN code has been used to design the injection directly into the RFQ. The RFQ design has been modified with a pre-buncher built into the vanes to narrow the transmitted charge state distribution as much as possible. The design details of this system will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB351

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB404

A Low Emittance Compact Proton Injector for a Proton Therapy Facility

proton, emittance, LEBT, rfq

1218

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, B.J. Cui, Z.Y. Guo, Y.X. Jiang, K. Li, T.H. Ma, J. Sun, W.B. Wu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y.H. Pu
Shanghai APACTRON Particle Equipment Company Limited, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

To meet the requirements of a Proton Therapy Facility funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, a new compact ion source-LEBT integrated proton injector was developed at Peking University (PKU). It consists of a typical PKU permanent magnet compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source (PMECRIS) and an electrostatic LEBT with an electrostatic lens, a beam chopper, a set of beam steers, an ACCT, a bellow, an e-trap, and a valve. A 1000 L/s molecular pump is adopted to maintain the vacuum for this integrated injector. The length from RF matching plane to RFQ front flange is about 450 mm. Chopper is used to shorten the pulse length from ms to µs with sharp edges. Test results of this PMECR source prove that it has the ability to deliver a proton beam with a current from 10 mA to 90 mA with a duty factor of 3%(100Hz/0.3ms) and its RMS emittance less than 0.1 mm·mrad at 30 keV. The acceptance tests of this integrated injector have been performed with a 30 keV hydrogen beam. A required proton current of 18 mA with ripple wave less than 0.1 mA successfully passed through a 20 mm aperture diaphragm at RFQ entrance flange. Its rms emittance is about 0.06 mm·mrad.

Poster MOPAB404 [1.946 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB404

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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TUXB07

High-Current H₂⁺ Beams from a Compact Cyclotron using RFQ Direct Injection

cyclotron, rfq, simulation, extraction

1301

D. Winklehner, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: This work was supported by NSF grants PHY-1505858 and PHY-1626069.
For the IsoDAR neutrino experiment, we have developed a compact and cost-effective cyclotron-based driver to produce high current beams (cw proton beam currents of >10 mA at 60 MeV). This is a factor of 4 higher than the current state-of-the-art for cyclotrons and a factor of 10 compared to what is commercially available. All areas of physics that call for high cw currents can greatly benefit from this result; e.g. particle physics, medical isotope production, and energy research. This increase in beam current is possible in part because the cyclotron is designed to include and use vortex-motion, allowing clean extraction. Such a design process is only possible with the help of high-fidelity codes, like OPAL. Another novelty is the use of an RFQ embedded in the cyclotron yoke to bunch the beam during axial injection. Finally, using H²⁺ relieves some of the space charge constraints during injection. In this paper, we will give an overview of the project and then focus on the design and simulations of the cyclotron itself. We will describe the physics, computational tools, and simulation results. At the end, we will describe how we are including machine learning in the simulations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB07

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paper received ※ 27 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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TUPAB057

Carbon Beam at I-3 Injector for Semiconductor Implantation

radiation, laser, target, plasma

1489

A.A. Losev, P.N. Alekseev, N.N. Alexeev, T. Kulevoy, A.D. Milyachenko, Yu.A. Satov, A. Shumshurov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
P.B. Lagov
NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia
M.E. Letovaltseva
MIREA, Moscow, Russia
Y.S. Pavlov
IPCE RAS, Moscow, Russia

Carbon implantation can be effectively used for axial minority charge carriers lifetime control in various silicon bulk and epitaxial planar structures. When carbon is implanted, more stable recombination centers are formed and silicon is not doped with additional impurities, as for example, when irradiated with protons or helium ions. Economically, such a process competes with alternative methods, and is more efficient for obtaining small lifetimes (several nanoseconds). I-3 ion injector with laser-plasma ion source in Institute for theoretical and experimental physics (ITEP) is used as ion implanter in semiconductors. The ion source uses pulsed CO₂ laser setup with radiation-flux density of 10¹¹ W/cm² at target surface. The ion source produces beams of various ions from solid targets. The generated ion beam is accelerated in the two gap RF resonator at voltage of up to 2 MV per gap. Resulting beam energy is up to 4 MV per charge. Parameters of carbon ion beam generated and used for semiconductor samples irradiation during experiments for axial minority charge carriers lifetime control in various silicon bulk and epitaxial planar structures are presented.

Poster TUPAB057 [0.630 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB057

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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TUPAB169

Overall Concept Design of a Heavy-Ion Injector for XiPAF-Upgrading

heavy-ion, rfq, DTL, LEBT

1781

P.F. Ma, C.T. Du, X. Guan, Y. Lei, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, X.D. Yu, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W. Chen, W.L. Liu, W. Lv, M.T. Qiu, B.C. Wang, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y.H. Yan, M.T. Zhao
NINT, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

A heavy-ion injector can be used for SEE study. In this paper, the primary beam dynamics design of a heavy-ion injector for the XiPAF upgrade is presented. The injector consists of an ECR heavy-ion source, a LEBT, an RFQ, and a DTL. The mass charge ratio can be up to 6.5. The RFQ can accelerate heavy ions to 500 keV/u, and the DTL can accelerate the ions to 2 MeV/u, which can meet the requirement of the synchrotron.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB169

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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TUPAB171

Linear Transfer Matrix of a Half Solenoid

solenoid, emittance, optics, coupling

1789

P.F. Ma, X. Guan, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, X.D. Yu, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Solenoid magnets can provide strong transverse focusing to electrons and ions with relatively small energies. For the ECR heavy-ion source, the ions are extracted at the central area of the solenoid, the beam is coupled at the exit of the source. The coupling caused by the solenoids can lead to the growth of projected transverse emittance, which has been widely studied with great interest. It is important to study the transfer matrix of a half solenoid to study the beam optics in an ECR souce, thus the property of the beam can be given. Based on the transfer matrix calculation, the summary of the linear transfer matrix of a half solenoid can be given. The beam optics in a half solenoid is studied.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB171

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB176

ESS Proton Beam Trajectory Correction

MEBT, linac, DTL, simulation

1809

N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, M. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is under construction in Lund, Sweden. Beam trajectory correction is essential to mitigate the effect of accelerator element misalignment, constituting the first step to minimise beam losses. The correction will be performed using correctors distributed along the accelerator, based on the beam position monitor (BPM) readout. Three trajectory correction techniques are considered: one-to-one steering, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and MICADO (selecting a subset of correctors for the trajectory correction). The performance of the three methods is simulated for the ESS linac and a comparison of the outcomes is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB176

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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TUPAB188

InnovaTron: An Innovative High-Intensity Industrial Cyclotron for Production of Tc-99m and Other Frontier Medical Radioisotopes*

cyclotron, extraction, proton, acceleration

1841

G. D’Agostino, Q. Flandroy, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. van der Kraaij
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190.
Tc-99m is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. It is almost exclusively produced with a few ageing research reactors worldwide. In response to growing concerns about Tc-99m availability and its increasing demand, alternative production routes are being explored. The EU-funded InnovaTron project aims at designing an innovative compact high-intensity self-extracting cyclotron able to deliver proton beams with currents up to 5 mA or more for the direct production of Tc-99m. It could be also used for production of high quantities of other frontier medical radioisotopes. The proton beams exit without using an electrostatic deflector to overcome its current limitations. A prototype cyclotron was built by IBA in 2001. Currents up to 2 mA were extracted from it. However, at higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was not higher than 70-75% and the extracted emittance was rather large. The InnovaTron project will implement new technological solutions in the self-extracting cyclotron to be used for large-scale industrial applications. An overview on the InnovaTron project is here presented together with the first simulation results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB188

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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TUPAB237

Symplectic Tracking Through Field Maps

quadrupole, cavity, dipole, radio-frequency

1992

S.D. Webb
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
B.T. Folsom, E. Laface, R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden

For many applications, it is necessary to track particles using field maps, instead of an analytic representation of the fields which is typically not available. These field maps come about while designing elements such as realistic magnets or radiofrequency cavities, and represent the field geometry on a mesh in space. However, simple interpolation of the fields from the field maps does not guarantee that the resulting tracking scheme satisfies the symplectic condition. Here we present a general method to decompose the field-map potential in the sum of interpolating functions that produces, by construction, a symplectic integrator.

Poster TUPAB237 [0.307 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB237

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB300

Ion Source Optimization Using Bi-Objective Genetic and Matrix-Profile Algorithm

controls, experiment, ECR, software

2190

W. Geithner, Z. Andelkovic, O. Geithner, F. Herfurth, V. Rapp
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Neméth
Atato, Alzenau, Germany
A. Van Benschoten
MPF, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA
F. Wilhelmstötter
emarsys, Vienna, Austria

Employing the local ECR ion source of the FAIR phase 0 ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR, we set up an IT-environment for on-line data processing and applications based on the data available from beam diagnostic instruments and input signals controlling the ion source. As a first proof of principle, we implemented a closed-loop optimization software controller based on bi-objective Genetic Optimization*. As one property for optimization we used the ion beam current measured with a Faraday-cup detector. As second optimization-property we the on-line processed time-resolved signal of the individual ion-source pulses employing the relatively new Matrix-Profile Algorithm** which provides a measure for the shot-by-shot variability of the consecutive pulses. We will report on the status of the data logging framework, the implementation of related software programs and the results of first tests.
* Wilhelmstötter, F.: Jenetics advanced genetic algorithm, online http://jenetics.io
** Matrix Profile Foundation. Homepage, online https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation

Poster TUPAB300 [5.485 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB300

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paper received ※ 01 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB328

Machine Learning for Time Series Prediction of an Accelerator Beam to Recognize Equipment Malfunction

cavity, SRF, linac, neutron

2272

C.C. Peters
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
W. Blokland, D.L. Brown, F. Liu, C.D. Long, D. Lu, P. Ramuhalli, D.E. Womble, J. Zhang, A.P. Zhukov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator based pulsed neutron source based on a 1 GeV pulsed proton Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) linear accelerator (linac). Since beginning high power beam operation in 2006 correlations have been found linking abrupt beam loss events to SRF cavity instabilities. With the planned upgrades to double the beam power we expect increased rates of degradation and the importance of minimizing these beam loss events will become ever more important. To further limit degradation, we are developing machine learning approaches to monitor the beam and to detect, predict and prevent beam loss events. Initial research has shown that precursors to beam loss events are detectable. The initial steps are to use ML-based classification to recognize anomalies and to use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoders to predict beam loss. In this paper, we describe recent progress in applying machine learning for recognizing anomalies and predicting beam loss and present initial results of our research using acquired data from different diagnostics and the Machine Protection System (MPS).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB328

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paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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WEPAB176

Acceleration of He⁺ Beams for Injection Into NICA Booster During its First Run

rfq, booster, heavy-ion, injection

3016

K.A. Levterov, V.P. Akimov, D.S. Letkin, D.O. Leushin, V.V. Mialkovskiy
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
A.M. Bazanov, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, D. Egorov, A.R. Galimov, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, V.V. Kobets, A.D. Kovalenko, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.A. Monchinsky, D.O. Ponkin, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Höltermann, H. Podlech
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) is designed to accelerate the heavy ions with ratio A/Z<=6.25 produced by ESIS ion source up to the 3.2 MeV for the injection into superconducting synchrotron (SC) Booster. HILAC was commissioned in 2018 using the carbon beams from Laser Ion Source (LIS). The project output energy was verified. Transmission could be estimated only for DTL structure because of the presence at the RFQ input the mixture of ions with different charge states extracted from laser-plasma. To estimate transmission through the whole linac the ion source producing the only species He⁺ was designed. The beams of He⁺ ions were used for the first run of SC Booster. The design of the helium ion source and results of the He⁺ beam acceleration and injection are described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB176

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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WEPAB191

Magnet System for a Proton/helium ECR Ion Source

ECR, plasma, solenoid, electron

3066

M.S. Dmitriyev, K.G. Artamonov, M.V. Dyakonov, M.I. Zhigailova
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The study of the magnetic system of ECRIS with operating frequency of 2.45 GHz for producing protons and double-charged helium ions has been carried out. The results of the numerical simulation of the ECRIS magnetic system based on permanent magnets have been performed. The possibility of shifting the ring magnets in both injection and extraction regions is considered to adjust maximum and minimum values of the axial distribution of a magnetic field in a plasma chamber. The possibility of shifting the bar magnets of the hexapole is shown to provide the adjustment of the radial magnetic field Brad at the chamber wall. Additional solenoids are introduced to the system for providing the required Binj and Bext adjustment and tuning the axial magnetic field distribution including the minimum on the axis Bmin. Furthermore, the magnetic system allows to switch the operation mode of the ECR source to the microwave mode.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB191

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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WEPAB407

An Innovative Eco-System for Accelerator Science and Technology

neutron, controls, framework, software

3660

C. Darve, J.B. Andersen, S. Salman
ESS, Lund, Sweden
B. Nicquevert, S. Petit
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Stankovski
LINXS, Lund, Sweden

The emergence of new technologies and innovative communication tools permits us to transcend societal challenges. While particle accelerators are essential instruments to improve our quality of life through science and technology, an adequate ecosystem is essential to activate and maximize this potential. Research Infrastructure (RI) and industries supported by enlightened organizations and education, can generate a sustainable environment to serve this purpose. In this paper, we will discuss state-of-the-art infrastructures taking the lead to reach this impact, thus contributing to economic and social transformation.

Poster WEPAB407 [61.076 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB407

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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THPAB151

The Advantage of Cold Electron Source in Electron Diffraction

electron, simulation, experiment, FEL

4053

J. Liu, H. Luo
SWUST, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China

In this paper, a model for discussing the influence of transverse coherence of electron beams on electron diffraction is established. With reference to Fedele’s thermal-wave model, the transverse coherence length is introduced into this model to characterize the transverse coherence of electron beams. The simulation results show that the transverse coherence of electron beams has a significant influence on electron diffraction, and the cold electron source with high transverse coherence has an obvious advantage in electron diffraction.

Poster THPAB151 [0.647 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB151

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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THPAB192

Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics

cyclotron, simulation, solenoid, beam-losses

4153

D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.

Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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