Keyword: ECR
Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOPAB061 Comparison Simulation Results of the Collimator Aperture in HEPS Storage Ring lattice, simulation, storage-ring, scattering 257
 
  • Y.L. Zhao, Y. Jiao, N. Li
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6 GeV diffraction-limited storage ring light source, which is under construction and planned to be in operation in 2025. To protect the sensitive elements from being damaged and reduce the radiation level of the site, collimators will be installed in the storage ring to localize the particle losses. The Touschek scattering is the main cause of particle losses during daily nominal operations. Based on the elegant simulations, we evaluate the physical design of the collimators, especially analysis the collimator performance with different collimator apertures. The simulation results will be introduced in this paper.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB061 [0.701 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB061  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB191 Method Development for Cavity Failure Compensation in a Superconducting Linac cavity, linac, emittance, lattice 647
 
  • F. Bouly
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  
  Reliability is a major challenge within the perspective of improving the performances and sustainability of MegaWatt class accelerators. To optimize the operational costs of such accelerators the availability requirements are becoming more and more challenging. These requirements are even more stringent in the case of Accelerator Driven systems (ADS). As an example, for the MYRRHA (Multipurpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) ADS demonstrator, the actual availability limit is set to a maximum of 10 beam interruptions (longer than 3 seconds) over a 3-month operating cycle. For this purpose, the accelerator design is based on a redundant and fault-tolerant scheme to enable rapid mitigation of a cavity failure. The adopted strategy is to apply for local compensation: a failed cavity is compensated by several neighboring cavities. Beam dynamics studies and method developments to apply such a failure compensation scheme are here reviewed. First simulation results for superconducting linac retuning and potential future improvements will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB191  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB277 Installation, Use and Follow-Up of an Emittance-Meter at the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP emittance, cyclotron, injection, quadrupole 877
 
  • F. Poirier, R. Bellamy, F. Bulteau-Harel, C. Castel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, R. Lelièvre, G. Mechin, L. Perrigaud, J. Poudevigne, H. Trichet
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • T. Adam, P.G. Graehling, M. Heine, C. Maazouzi, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  • A. Dinkov, S. Wurth
    IJCLab, ORSAY, France
  • F. Haddad
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  
  Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
The 70 MeV cyclotron group of the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, foresees to increase its beam intensity on target. For this, several beam studies are being performed in the various sections of the accelerator including the injection. Thus, an Allison-type emittance-meter has been installed in this section above the cyclotron and downstream a quadrupole triplet. Installation and the first results of a campaign of measurements are presented including high intensity runs, up to 1 mA for 40 keV H− ions. The emittance-meter is expected to be used with several accelerators throughout the world. Therefore, a strategy on the follow-up of the activation of sample materials used in the equipment is being established and is described in the paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB277  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB318 Beam Characterization of Five Electrode ECR Ion Source emittance, ECRIS, plasma, experiment 980
 
  • H.M. Kewlani, S. Gharat, S. Krishnagopal, J.V. Mathew, S.V.L.S. Rao
    BARC, Mumbai, India
  • B. Dikshit, H.M. Kewlani, S. Krishnagopal
    Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India
  
  A five electrode ECR Ion Source (ECRIS) was developed for the Low Energy High-Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) at BARC. The ECRIS is operated at the energy of 50 keV with a beam current of 20 mA. The ECRIS characterization is done for the beam current, beam emittance, and proton fraction in continuous and pulse beam operation. The pulsed beam operation of the ion source starting from 500 µs to 200 ms of pulse on time with a repetition rate of 1 to 10 Hz. The transverse beam emittance measurement is done by using an Allison scanner. The beam emittance characterization experiments are conducted by varying applied microwave power to the plasma, operating gas pressure of plasma and puller voltage. The measured beam emittance is in the range of 0.3 pi.mm. mrad to 0.4 pi.mm. mrad for 50 keV beam. In this paper beam emittance experiment setup and results are discussed.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB318 [2.496 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB318  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB329 Operations of Copper Cavities at Cryogenic Temperatures cavity, coupling, linac, cryogenics 1020
 
  • H. Wang, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  How the anomalous skin effect by copper affects the efficiency of copper- cavities will be studied in the experiment, especially at lower temperatures. The accurate quality factor Q and resonant frequency of three coaxial cavities will be measured over the temperature range from 300 to 22 K. The three coaxial cavities have the same structure, but different lengths, which correspond to resonant frequencies: around 100 MHz, 220 MHz and 340 MHz. The motivation is to check the feasibility of an efficient pulsed, liquid nitrogen cooled ion linac.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB329  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB351 Using an RFQ to Transport Intense Heavy Ion Beams from an ECR Ion Source rfq, ion-source, focusing, gun 1093
 
  • G.O. Rodrigues
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
  • R.W. Hamm
    R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA
  
  In the transport of high intensity, heavy ions from an ECR ion source through a low energy beam transport (LEBT) section, space charge can limit the transmission. It has been proposed to use a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) to efficiently address this problem. The stray magnetic field of the ECR ion source can be used to provide focusing against the space charge blow-up when using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) developed for laser ion sources. The RFQ will focus and transport the injected beam, eliminating most of the charge states extracted from the ECR ion source. This narrowing of the charge state distribution is a filter, reducing the low energy beam transport problem, as well as the emittance growth for the desired beam. A combined extraction/matching system has been designed for direct injection into a 48.5 MHz RFQ for the production of 238U40+ (0.52 mA) and 209Bi30+ (1.047 mA) beams. The IGUN code has been used to design the injection directly into the RFQ. The RFQ design has been modified with a pre-buncher built into the vanes to narrow the transmitted charge state distribution as much as possible. The design details of this system will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB351  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB355 Multi-Objective Optimization of RF Structures cavity, impedance, controls, RF-structure 1103
 
  • S.J. Smith, R. Apsimon, G. Burt, M.J.W. Southerby
    Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • S. Setiniyaz
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • S. Setiniyaz
    Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  In this work, we apply multi-objective optimization methods to single-cell cavity models generated using non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS). This modeling method uses control points and a NURBS to generate the cavity geometry, which allows for greater flexibility in the shape, leading to improved performance. Using this approach and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) we find the Pareto frontiers for the typical key quantities of interest (QoI) including peak fields, shunt impedance and the modified Poynting vector. Visualizing these results becomes increasingly more difficult as the number of objectives increases, therefore, in order to understand these frontiers, we provide several techniques for analyzing, visualizing and using multi-dimensional Pareto fronts specifically for RF cavity design.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB355  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 15 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB360 Anomalous Skin Effect Study of Normal Conducting Film impedance, plasma, interface, vacuum 1119
 
  • B.P. Xiao, M. Blaskiewicz, T. Xin
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
For the radiofrequency (RF) applications of normal conducting film with large mean free path at high frequency and low temperature, the anomalous skin effect differs considerably from the normal skin effect with field decaying exponentially in the film. Starting from the relationship between the current and the electric field (E field) in the film, the amplitude of E field along the film depth is calculated, and is found to be non-monotonic. The surface impedance is found to have a minimum value at certain film thickness. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB360  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB370 X-Band RF Spiral Load Optimization for Additive Manufacturing Mass Production GUI, vacuum, simulation, linac 1143
 
  • H. Bursali
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • N. Catalán Lasheras, R.L. Gerard, A. Grudiev, O. Gumenyuk, P. Morales Sanchez, B. Riffaud
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Sauza-Bedolla
    Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  The CLIC main linac uses X-band traveling-wave normal conducting accelerating structures. The RF power not used for beam acceleration nor dissipated in the resistive wall is absorbed in two high power RF loads that should be as compact as possible to minimize the total footprint of the machine. In recent years, CERN has designed, fabricated and successfully tested several loads produced by additive manufacturing. With the current design, only one load can be produced in the 3D printing machine at a time. The aim of this study is optimizing the internal cross-section of loads in order to create a stackable design to increase the number of produced parts per manufacturing cycle and thus decrease the unit price. This paper presents the new design with an optimization of the internal vacuum part of the so-called RF spiral load. In this case, RF and mechanical designs were carried out in parallel. The new cross section has showed good RF reflection reaching less than -30 dB in simulations. The final load is now ready to be manufactured and high-power tested. This new load will not only provide cost saving but also faster manufacturing for mass production.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB370  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB372 KARVE: A Nanoparticle Accelerator for Space Thruster Applications acceleration, radio-frequency, bunching, simulation 1151
 
  • J.W. Lewellen, L.R. Danielson, A. Essunfeld, J.A. Hollingsworth, M.A. Holloway
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • E.K. Lewis
    NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
  
  We present a concept for using RF-based acceleration of nanoparticles (NPs) as a means of generating thrust for future space missions: the Kinetic Acceleration & Resource Vector Engine (KARVE) thruster. Acceleration of nanoparticles (NPs) via DC accelerators has been shown to be feasible in dust accelerator labs such as the Heidelberg dust accelerator and the 3 MV hypervelocity dust accelerator at the Colorado Center for Lunar Dust and Atmospheric Studies. In contrast, KARVE uses RF-driven acceleration of nanoparticles as the basis of a thruster design lying between chemical and ion engines in performance: more efficient than chemical engines in terms of specific impulse; and higher thrust than ion engines. The properties of multi-gap RF accelerators also allow an on-the-fly tradeoff between specific impulse and thrust.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB372 [0.694 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB372  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB386 Development of Nitrogen-Doping Technology for SHINE cavity, SRF, niobium, linac 1182
 
  • Y. Zong, X. Huang, Z. Wang
    SINAP, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • J.F. Chen, H.T. Hou, D. Wang, J.N. Wu, Y.X. Zhang
    SARI-CAS, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • P.C. Dong
    Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Pudong, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • Y.W. Huang
    ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  • J. Rong
    SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
  
  The Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction, which needs six hundred 1.3GHz cavities with high quality factor. In this paper, we present the newest studies on single cell cavities with nitrogen doping and cold EP treatment, showing an obvious improvement compared with the previous results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB386  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB187 Reconstruction of U400M Cyclotron: Upgrade of U400M Cyclotron Magnetic Structure cyclotron, extraction, operation, MMI 1838
 
  • I.A. Ivanenko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  U400M isochronous cyclotron was created on the base of U300 classic cyclotron and is under operation at FLNR, JINR since 1996. At the present time the cyclotron electromagnet with 4 meter pole diameter needs a reconstruction that includes a replacement of magnet main coil, corrections of the magnetic field at the central region and at the extraction radius. For measurements and shimming of cyclotron magnetic field the automatic mapping system, based on 14 Hall probes, will be created.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB187  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB191 Design and Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR cyclotron, injection, radiation, simulation 1852
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bekhterev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V.I. Lisov
    JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The design and simulation of the axial injection system of the DC140 cyclotron is presented in this report.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB191 [1.090 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB191  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB239 Radiation of a Charged Particle Bunch Moving Along a Deep Corrugated Surface with a Small Period radiation, electromagnetic-fields, impedance, GUI 1999
 
  • E.S. Simakov, A.V. Tyukhtin
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137).
We investigate the electromagnetic radiation of a bunch moving along a corrugated conductive surface. It is assumed that wavelengths under consideration are much more than the period of the corrugation. In this case, the corrugated structure can be replaced with a smooth surface on which so-called equivalent boundary conditions (EBC) are fulfilled*. In fact, we deal with anisotropic surface characterized by certain matrix impedance. Here, we consider the case of deep corrugation, i.e. we assume that the depth of the structure is much more than its period (the case of shallow corrugation was studied earlier**). Using the EBC we obtain electromagnetic field components which are presented in form of spectral integrals. It is shown that the bunch generates surface waves propagating in the plane of the structure, whereas volume radiation is absent at the frequencies under consideration. We also consider the energy losses of the bunch. Typical dependences of a spectral density of the energy losses on corrugation parameters are obtained and analyzed. It is demonstrated that the features of the surface waves can be used for the bunch diagnostics.
* E.I. Nefedov, A.N. Sivov. Electrodynamics of periodic structures. Moscow, Nauka, 1977, 208 p. (in Russian).
** E.S. Simakov, A.V. Tyukhtin, S.N. Galyamin, Phys. Rev. AB, 22, 061301 (2019). 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB239 [0.637 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB239  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB300 Ion Source Optimization Using Bi-Objective Genetic and Matrix-Profile Algorithm ion-source, controls, experiment, software 2190
 
  • W. Geithner, Z. Andelkovic, O. Geithner, F. Herfurth, V. Rapp
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • A. Neméth
    Atato, Alzenau, Germany
  • A. Van Benschoten
    MPF, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA
  • F. Wilhelmstötter
    emarsys, Vienna, Austria
  
  Employing the local ECR ion source of the FAIR phase 0 ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR, we set up an IT-environment for on-line data processing and applications based on the data available from beam diagnostic instruments and input signals controlling the ion source. As a first proof of principle, we implemented a closed-loop optimization software controller based on bi-objective Genetic Optimization*. As one property for optimization we used the ion beam current measured with a Faraday-cup detector. As second optimization-property we the on-line processed time-resolved signal of the individual ion-source pulses employing the relatively new Matrix-Profile Algorithm** which provides a measure for the shot-by-shot variability of the consecutive pulses. We will report on the status of the data logging framework, the implementation of related software programs and the results of first tests.
* Wilhelmstötter, F.: Jenetics advanced genetic algorithm, online http://jenetics.io
** Matrix Profile Foundation. Homepage, online https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB300 [5.485 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB300  
About • paper received ※ 01 June 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB308 Mechanical Consolidation of the LHC Inner Triplet Magnet Supporting System for Remote Alignment alignment, vacuum, GUI, quadrupole 2207
 
  • F. Micolon, N. Bourcey, J-B. Deschamps, A. Herty, S. Le Naour, T. Mikkola, V. Parma, D. Ramos, V. Rude, M. Sosin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Given the high radiation area and the tight alignment tolerances, the LHC inner triplet magnets were designed to be realigned remotely using motorized supporting jacks. However, during run 2 the LHC triplet realignment system started to show an unexpected behavior with erratic load variations on the magnet supporting jacks when operated. It was then decided to freeze any further realignment of the LHC triplet magnet for the remainder of the run. Subsequently, a project team was set up at CERN to understand better the conditions leading to such unexpected behavior and to study and propose a technical consolidation for the realignment system of the LHC triplet magnet. A fully instrumented magnet string using LHC triplet spare magnets was assembled and used at CERN to provide a realistic test bench for this study. This paper reports on the work undertaken to study the triplet magnet overall realignment kinematic, the findings on the readjustment system malfunction and details the consolidation solution implemented for the next LHC run  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB308  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB341 Optimization of Two-Cell Cavities for the W and H Working Points of the FCC-ee Considering Higher-Order Mode Effects cavity, HOM, impedance, damping 2292
 
  • S. Udongwo, S.G. Zadeh, U. van Rienen
    Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
  • R. Calaga
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
The lepton collider of the future circular collider (FCC-ee) aims at conducting precision measurements on the Z, W, and H bosons and the top quark. The present RF baseline considers single-cell cavities at 400 MHz for the high current Z-pole working point, four-cell 400 MHz cavities for the W and H working points, and a hybrid RF system composed of four-cell 400 MHz and five-cell 800 MHz cavities for the high energy tt working point. The W working point has shown limitations in the achievable HOM damping for beam stability requirements using four-cell cavities. A two-cell cavity is studied as an alternative scenario for the current W- and H-RF setups with a special focus on HOM damping during the optimization of the RF geometry. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB341 [1.580 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB341  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB106 Study on Durability Improvement of Cs-Te Photocathode by Means of Alkali Halide Protective Films cathode, electron, experiment, laser 2847
 
  • K. Ezawa, R. Fukuoka, Y. Koshiba, T. Tamba, M. Washio
    Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
  • K. Sakaue
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo, Japan
  
  We have been conducting basic and applied research for generating high quality electron beams, using 1.6 cell laser photocathode RF-gun. In our laboratory, Cesium Telluride (Cs-Te), one of the semiconductor photocathodes, is used as an electron source for accelerator experiments. This semiconductor photocathode is known for high quantum efficiency (Q.E.) about 5~10% and 3-month 1/e lifetime. High Q.E. photocathodes can reduce the power requirement of the laser system, and long lifetime photocathodes can decrease the maintenance frequency, contributing to an efficient experimental environment. For these reasons, high Q.E. and long lifetime photocathodes are necessary in accelerator experiments. In order to produce robust photocathodes and extend the lifetime, we have conducted covering Cs-Te photocathodes with CsBr and CsI protective films. In this conference, we report the thickness dependency on the lifetime of Cs-Te photocathodes when we intentionally exposed oxygen gas to coated and non-coated Cs-Te photocathodes.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB106  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB190 DC Break Design for a 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source GUI, site, high-voltage, simulation 3064
 
  • M.S. Dmitriyev, M.V. Dyakonov, S.A. Tumanov, M.I. Zhigailova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  New 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is under development at NRNU MEPhI. The transmission line is designed for transmitting the microwave power into the ECRIS. A DC break up to 80 kV was designed for the electrical insulation between the microwave supply system and the plasma chamber applied to high DC voltage. Current study considers the investigation results as well as the optimization of numerical simulations of the 2.45 GHz DC break with low losses and low emission into the surrounding space.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB190  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB191 Magnet System for a Proton/helium ECR Ion Source plasma, solenoid, ion-source, electron 3066
 
  • M.S. Dmitriyev, K.G. Artamonov, M.V. Dyakonov, M.I. Zhigailova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  The study of the magnetic system of ECRIS with operating frequency of 2.45 GHz for producing protons and double-charged helium ions has been carried out. The results of the numerical simulation of the ECRIS magnetic system based on permanent magnets have been performed. The possibility of shifting the ring magnets in both injection and extraction regions is considered to adjust maximum and minimum values of the axial distribution of a magnetic field in a plasma chamber. The possibility of shifting the bar magnets of the hexapole is shown to provide the adjustment of the radial magnetic field Brad at the chamber wall. Additional solenoids are introduced to the system for providing the required Binj and Bext adjustment and tuning the axial magnetic field distribution including the minimum on the axis Bmin. Furthermore, the magnetic system allows to switch the operation mode of the ECR source to the microwave mode.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB191  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB229 Transverse Density Pileup and Pattern Formation in Dense Ultracold Electron Beamlets under Coulomb Expansion electron, simulation, FEL, damping 3169
 
  • A.J. Tencate, K. Bhuyan, B. Erdélyi
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was sponsored by the US Department of Energy Office of Science under Grant DE-SC0020241.
Dynamic Coulomb expansion of dense particle bunches can lead to transverse density shock-like propagation for nonuniform bunch distributions. Furthermore, under favorable circumstances, multiple bunches in close proximity can collide without crossing to form wheel-and-spoke patterns. This process has been observed experimentally for Rubidium ions, but not yet for electrons, where the dynamics occur over far shorter length scales. We simulate the interaction of electron bunches while varying the initial transverse temperature and density profiles to determine the thresholds that characterize this pattern formation. Additionally, we consider the effects of asymmetries and the impact of a low-density halo on the overall process. The simulations are conducted using a novel high-fidelity algorithm for collisional particle dynamics. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB229 [7.411 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB229  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB318 Prediction and Clustering of Longitudinal Phase Space Images and Machine Parameters Using Neural Networks and K-Means Algorithm FEL, network, simulation, electron 3417
 
  • M. Maheshwari
    STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • D.J. Dunning, J.K. Jones, M.P. King, H.R. Kockelbergh, A.E. Pollard
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Machine learning algorithms were used for image and parameter recognition and generation with the aim to optimise the CLARA facility at Daresbury, using start-to-end simulation data. Convolutional and fully connected neural networks were trained using TensorFlow-Keras for different instances, with examples including predicting Longitudinal Phase Space (LPS) images with machine parameters as input and FEL parameter prediction (e.g. pulse energy) from LPS images. The K-means clustering algorithm was used to cluster the LPS images to highlight patterns within the data. Machine learning techniques can enhance the way large amounts of data are processed and analysed and so have great potential for application in accelerator science R&D.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB318 [1.062 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB318  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB337 Some Methods of Making Titanium Vacuum Chamber Act as Getter Pump for UHV/XHV vacuum, electron, experiment, hadron 3471
 
  • J. Kamiya, T. Takano, H. Yuza
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • K. Wada
    Tokyo Electronics Co. Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan
  
  Funding: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18K11925
The non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating has been developed in CERN to make a beam pipe act as a distributed vacuum pump by coating the getter materials with the ability to adsorb/absorb gas molecules on the beam pipe surface. The NEG coating materials used in the LHC are alloys of titanium, zirconium, and vanadium. In high-power beam accelerators, titanium has been used as the beam pipe chamber material due to its low radio activation characteristics. The ordinal titanium surface has no getter function because it is covered with a titanium oxide film. The new technique, which removes the titanium-oxide surface by some methods, such as baking or sputtering, has been investigated. The dependence of the surface oxide film and the getter characteristics on the baking temperature have been measured. Also, by sputtering the inner surface of the titanium chamber, clear evidence that shows the chamber acts as a vacuum pump has been obtained. Furthermore, the NEG coating on the pure titanium surface can suppress the rapid decrease of the sticking probability by the repeated air purge and reactivation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB337  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB339 Beam-Induced Surface Modification of the LHC Beam Screens: The Reason for the High Heat Load in Some LHC Arcs? electron, dipole, cryogenics, hadron 3479
 
  • V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, G. Iadarola, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, D.A. Zanin
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpectedly high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. During the Long Shutdown 2, the beam screens of a low and a high heat load dipole were extracted. Their inner copper surface was analysed in the laboratory to compare their SEY and surface composition. While findings on the low heat load beam screens are compatible with expectations from laboratory studies of copper conditioning and deconditioning mechanisms, an extremely low carbon amount and the presence of CuO (non-native surface oxide) are observed on the high heat-load beam screens. The azimuthal distribution of CuO correlates with the density and energy of electron impingement. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit the full conditioning of affected surfaces. This work shows a direct correlation between the abnormal LHC heat load and the surface properties of its beam screens, opening the door to the development of curative solutions to overcome this critical limitation.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB339 [2.247 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB339  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB372 Design and Construction of Uninterruptible Paralleling Transfer Switches for an Emergency Power System in Taiwan Light Source operation, controls, cryogenics, MMI 3581
 
  • Y.F. Chiu, W.S. Chan, K.C. Kuo, Y.-C. Lin
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  The ATS of an emergency power system in Utility Building II has operated over 18 years; in recent years the failure rate is gradually increasing because of aged components. To improve old switches, schemes of upgrading and developing new and efficient transfer switches have been conducted cautiously. A new device named an Uninterruptible Paralleling Transfer Switch (UPTS) is designed and implemented to replace an existing ATS to enhance the performance to meet the requirements of uninterrupted power transfer. The UPTS can uninterruptedly switch the grid power to emergency power of a backup generator during a planned utility power outage, and also exactly switch emergency power to the grid power uninterruptedly when the utility power is restored. If grid power is unexpectedly lost, UPTS acts like a typical ATS, automatically transferring power from a primary source to a backup source with switching duration a few seconds. A practical UPTS has been assembled and installed in Utility Building II and has performed well effectively to eliminate power-switching transients.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB372  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB396 First Measurements on Multipactor Study multipactoring, electron, vacuum, simulation 3633
 
  • Y. Gómez Martínez, J. Angot, M.A. Baylac, T. Cabanel, P.-O. Dumont, N. Emeriaud, O. Zimmermann
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • D. Longuevergne
    FLUO, Orsay, France
  • G. Sattonnay
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  
  Multipactor (MP) is an undesired phenomenon of resonant electron build up encountered on particle accelerators. It can induce anomalous thermal losses, higher than the Joule losses, inducing a decrease of the superconducting cavities quality factor, it can even lead to a cavity quench. On couplers, it can produce irreversible damages or generate a breakdown of their vacuum window. Multipactor may lead to Electron Cloud build up as well. The accelerator group at LPSC has developed a test bench dedicated to the multipactor studies. This paper presents the experimental set-up and its first measurements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB396  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB397 Design of the Two-Layer Girder for Accelerating Tube neutron, acceleration, operation, simulation 3636
 
  • X.J. Nie, H.Y. He, L. Kang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, G.Y. Wang, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang, D.H. Zhu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • J.B. Yu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  An accelerating tube is one kind of important acceleration equipment of a linear accelerator. It is often made up of oxygen-free copper with a long tubular structure. It’s easy to suffer from deformation. Based on support requirements, the reasonable structure of the girder was obtained. Four supporting blocks were installed on the top surface of aluminum profile with the uniform distribution along the beam direction. The support strength with static condition and different working conditions were checked by ANSYS simulation calculation to ensure the stable operation of the girder. The two-layer girder can be used as a reference for other similar slender part for its simple structure and reliable support.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB397  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB050 Compact Hybrid Planar Permanent Magnet Undulator Design for the APS Upgrade undulator, lattice, photon, permanent-magnet 3859
 
  • M. Abliz, M. Borland, J.H. Grimmer, J.S. Kerby, M. Ramanathan, A. Xiao
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  We report on the successful design of a compact 28-mm period hybrid planar permanent magnet (HPPM) undulator for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project. The design produces a peak field of 9750 G at a gap of 8.5 mm, with a pole width reduced to 35 mm as compared to the planar undulators currently in use at the Advanced Photon Source. The design includes a detailed investigation into the origin of the HPPM undulator demagnetization. We report on a finding of an optimization method that reduces the demagnetization field and increases the field at the gap center of the design. It includes an optimization of the pole edges to increase the field and decrease roll-off in the transverse direction. Further design optimizations include analyses of the mechanical assembly tolerances and comparison with the original design before building the device. Beam physics analyses included kick-map analysis, dynamic acceptance (DA), local momentum acceptance (LMA), and Touschek lifetime of this design were performed with the 42-pm lattice of the APS-U. Detailed magnetic design, effective field, field roll-off, magnetic force, and tracking results are reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB050  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB169 A Mechanism for Emittance Growth Based on Non-Linear Islands in LHC octupole, emittance, operation, resonance 4082
 
  • E.H. Maclean, M. Giovannozzi, T.H.B. Persson, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Landau octupoles are used in the LHC to prevent coherent instabilities of the circulating beam. The reduction of their strength occurring during the energy ramp can transport particles in nonlinear islands to larger amplitude. This has the potential to lead to emittance growth and to beam-losses. Beam-based studies and simulations of emittance growth during Landau octupole ramps performed in the LHC are presented to explore this mechanism in more detail.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB169  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB182 DC-280 Cyclotron for Factory of Super Heavy Elements, Experimental Results cyclotron, acceleration, experiment, injection 4126
 
  • V.A. Semin, S.L. Bogomolov, K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • L.A. Pavlov
    JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
  
  The DC280 is the high current cyclotron with design beam intensities up to 10 pµA for ions with energy from 4 to 8 MeV/nucleon. It was developed and created at the FLNR JINR. The first was extracted from the cyclotron on January 17, 2019. Experiments on acceleration of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, 48Ti, 52Cr and 84Kr beams production were carried out. The following intensities of accelerated beam have been achieved: 10 pµA for 12C+2; 9,2 pµA for 40Ar+7; 7,1 pµA for 48Ca+10; 1,0 pµA for 48Ti+10; 2,4 pµA for 52Cr+10 and 1.43 pµA for 84Kr+14;. The accelerator has worked more than 9000 hours. The work of accelerator was stable and high efficiency. The total acceleration efficiency from ion source to transport channel was about 46%.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB182  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB290 Evolution of the LHC Beam Screen Surface Conditioning Upon Electron Irradiation electron, radiation, gun, vacuum 4370
 
  • S. Bilgen, S. Della-Negra, D. Jacquet, B. Mercier, I. Ribaud, G. Sattonnay
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  • V. Baglin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  For the vacuum scientists and the accelerator community, finding solutions to mitigate pressure rises induced by electron, photon, and ion desorption, and also beam instabilities induced by ion and electron clouds is a major issue. Moreover, it is worth noting that the OFE copper beam screen of the LHC is initially cleaned with standard industrial processes, leading to residual chemical contamination. Along the time, changes in the surface chemistry of vacuum chambers are observed during beam operations, leading to modifications of outgassing rates, stimulated desorption processes, and secondary emission yields (SEY). The impact of ions on molecule desorption and electron production was investigated to identify their influence on the global pressure rises and to quantify the ion conditioning effect on copper surfaces: (i) SEY evolution was measured to understand the changes of surface conditioning upon particle irradiation; (ii) surface chemistry evolution after electron irradiation was investigated by both XPS and TOF-SIMS analyses using the ANDROMEDE facility at IJCLab. Finally, the relationship between surface chemistry and the conditioning phenomenon will be discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB290  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB292 Dynamic Pressure in the LHC: Detection of Ions Induced by Ionization of Residual Gas by the Proton Beam and by the Electron-Cloud electron, proton, experiment, vacuum 4377
 
  • S. Bilgen, B. Mercier, G. Sattonnay
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  • V. Baglin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Ultra-High Vacuum is an essential requirement to achieve design performances and high luminosities in high-energy particle colliders. Consequently, the understanding of the dynamic pressure evolution during accelerator operation is fundamental to provide solutions to mitigate pressure rises induced by multiple effects leading to beam instabilities. For the LHC, the appearance of instabilities may be due to the succession of several phenomena: (i) the induced desorption of gases adsorbed on the surfaces leading to pressure rises; (ii) the creation of secondary particles (ions, electrons); (iii) the production of the so-called Electron Cloud build-up by multipacting effect. This work aims to investigate some fundamental phenomena which drive the dynamic pressure in the LHC, namely the effects induced by electrons and ions interacting with the copper surface of the beam screens. Electron and ion currents, as well as pressure, were recorded in situ in the Vacuum Pilot Sector (VPS*) located on the LHC ring during the RUN II. By analyzing the results, more ions than expected were detected and the interplay between electrons, ions, and pressure changes was investigated.
* The LHC Vacuum Pilot-Sector Project, B. Henrist, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, and P. Chiggiato, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB292  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB307 Behaviour of Ironless Inductive Position Sensors in Close Proximity to Each Other simulation, FEM, collimation, site 4390
 
  • N.J. Sammut, A. Grima
    University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
  • M. Di Castro, A. Masi
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: CERN - The European Organisation for Nuclear Research UM - The University of Malta
Safety critical systems like the collimators of the Large Hadron Collider require transducers which are immune to interference from their surroundings. The ironless inductive position sensor is used to measure the position of collimator jaws with respect to the beam and is designed to be immune to external DC or slowly changing magnetic fields. In this paper we investigate whether frequency separation is required when multiple ironless inductive position sensors are used and whether two or more sensors at the same frequency results in cross-talk. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to study the magnetic field behaviour of the sensors, their interference with each other and the impact of this interference on the position reading. Finally, this paper defines guidelines on safe operation of the ironless inductive position sensor in the aforementioned conditions. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB307  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)