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MOPAB003 Machine Learning Analysis of Electron Cooler Operation for RHIC luminosity, electron, operation, scattering 45
 
  • X. Gu, A.V. Fedotov, D. Kayran
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A re­gres­sion ma­chine learn­ing al­go­rithm was ap­plied to an­a­lyze the op­er­a­tion data of RHIC with elec­tron cooler LEReC dur­ing the 2020 physics run. After con­struct­ing a black-box sur­ro­gate model from the XG­Boost al­go­rithm and plot­ting their par­tial de­pen­dency plots for dif­fer­ent op­er­a­tion pa­ra­me­ters, we can find the ef­fects of an in­di­vid­ual pa­ra­me­ter on the RHIC lu­mi­nos­ity and op­ti­mize it ac­cord­ingly of­fline. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB003  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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MOPAB041 Convergence Map with Action-Angle Variables Based on Square Matrix for Nonlinear Lattice Optimization lattice, linear-dynamics, resonance, betatron 182
 
  • L.H. Yu, Y. Hidaka, F. Plassard, V.V. Smaluk
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  We apply square ma­trix method to ob­tain in high speed a "con­ver­gence map", which is sim­i­lar but dif­fer­ent from fre­quency map. The con­ver­gence map is ob­tained from solv­ing non­lin­ear dy­nam­i­cal equa­tion by it­er­a­tion of per­tur­ba­tion method and study the con­ver­gence. The map pro­vides in­for­ma­tion about the sta­bil­ity bor­der of dy­nam­i­cal aper­ture. We com­pare the map with fre­quency map from track­ing. The re­sult in­di­cates the new method may be ap­plied in non­lin­ear lat­tice op­ti­miza­tion, tak­ing the ad­van­tage of the high speed (about 10~50 times faster) to ex­plore x, y and the off-mo­men­tum phase space.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB041  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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MOPAB047 A CAD Tool for Linear Optics Design: A Use Case Approach controls, software, MMI, optics 205
 
  • J. Bengtsson
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • T.J.R. Nicholls, W.A.H. Rogers
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  
  The for­mula rel­e­vant for lin­ear op­tics de­sign of syn­chro­trons are de­rived sys­tem­at­i­cally from first prin­ci­ples, i.e., an ex­er­cise in Hamil­ton­ian dy­nam­ics. Equipped with these, the rel­e­vant use cases are then cap­tured; for a stream­lined ap­proach. To en­able pro­fes­sion­als, i.e., soft­ware en­gi­neers, to ef­fi­ciently pro­to­type & ar­chi­tect a CAD tool avail­able to me­chan­i­cal en­gi­neers since the mid-1960s. In other words, ro­bust de­sign of a mod­ern syn­chro­tron is an ex­er­cise in/pur­suit of the art of En­gi­neer­ing-Sci­ence.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB047 [1.059 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB047  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB077 Anomaly Detection in Accelerator Facilities Using Machine Learning power-supply, operation, experiment, detector 304
 
  • A. Das
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  • M. Borland, L. Emery, X. Huang, H. Shang, G. Shen
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • D.F. Ratner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • R.M. Smith, G.M. Wang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Syn­chro­tron light sources are user fa­cil­i­ties and usu­ally run about 5000 hours per year to sup­port many beam­lines op­er­a­tions in par­al­lel. Re­li­a­bil­ity is a key pa­ra­me­ter to eval­u­ate ma­chine per­for­mance. Even many fa­cil­i­ties have achieved >95% beam re­li­a­bil­ity, there are still many hours of un­sched­uled down­time and every hour lost is a waste of op­er­a­tion costs along with a big im­pact on in­di­vid­ual sched­uled user ex­per­i­ments. Pre­ven­tive main­te­nance on sub­sys­tems and quick re­cov­ery from ma­chine trips are the basic strate­gies to achieve high re­li­a­bil­ity, which heav­ily de­pends on ex­perts’ ded­i­ca­tion. Re­cently, SLAC, APS, and NSLS-II col­lab­o­rated to de­velop ma­chine-learn­ing-based ap­proaches aim­ing to solve both sit­u­a­tions, hard­ware fail­ure pre­dic­tion and ma­chine fail­ure di­ag­no­sis to find the root sources. In this paper, we re­port our fa­cil­ity op­er­a­tion sta­tus, de­vel­op­ment progress, and plans.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB077 [1.240 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB077  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB081 Feasibility Study of Using Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) and Sextupole for TPS Injection injection, sextupole, storage-ring, kicker 312
 
  • C.-S. Fann, C.K. Chan, C.-C. Chang, H.-P. Chang, Y.-S. Cheng, M.-S. Chiu, Y.L. Chu, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, S.H. Lee, K.-K. Lin, C.Y. Wu, C.S. Yang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • S.-Y. Lee
    Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
  
  Fea­si­bil­ity of ap­ply­ing MIK/sex­tu­pole in­jec­tion at TPS is eval­u­ated in this study. This study adopts lay­out sim­i­lar to MAX IV in­jec­tion scheme and their col­lab­o­ra­tion pro­ject with SOLEIL for MIK. Al­though the light source ser­vice ful­fills pre­sent user needs, yet the in­creas­ing de­mands for a trans­par­ent in­jec­tion is in­evitable in the fore­see­able fu­ture. No­tice that this pre­lim­i­nary study is con­strained under rou­tine user op­er­a­tion, the op­tional pinger ce­ramic cham­ber, lo­cated be­tween ex­ist­ing in­jec­tion kicker-3 and kicker-4, is cho­sen for the pur­pose. Kick strength re­quire­ment of the MIK is es­ti­mated with minor tra­jec­tory ad­just­ment up­stream at the booster to stor­age ring trans­fer line. Since the re­al­iza­tion of MIK fab­ri­ca­tion takes time, there­fore a fast-built sex­tu­pole is pre­pared to ex­am­ine the pro­posed in­jec­tion scheme be­fore­hand. The test re­sult will be de­scribed in this re­port.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB081  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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MOPAB142 A Compact, Low-Field, Broadband Matching Section for Externally-Powered X-Band Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating Structures vacuum, coupling, simulation, linac 495
 
  • Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • H. Bursali
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • N. Catalán Lasheras, S. Gonzalez Anton, A. Grudiev, R. Wegner, Y. Wei
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • B.T. Freemire, C.-J. Jing
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • J. Sauza-Bedolla
    Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  It has been tech­ni­cally chal­leng­ing to ef­fi­ciently cou­ple ex­ter­nal ra­diofre­quency (RF) power to cylin­dri­cal di­elec­tric-loaded ac­cel­er­at­ing (DLA) struc­tures. This is es­pe­cially true when the DLA struc­ture has a high di­elec­tric con­stant. This con­tri­bu­tion pre­sents a novel de­sign of a match­ing sec­tion for cou­pling the RF power from a cir­cu­lar wave­guide to an X-band DLA struc­ture with a di­elec­tric con­stant εr=16.66 and a loss tan­gent \tanθ = 3.43× 10-5. It con­sists of a very com­pact di­elec­tric disk with a width of 2.035 mm and a tilt angle of 60 de­grees, re­sult­ing in a broad­band cou­pling at a low RF field which has the po­ten­tial to sur­vive in the high-power en­vi­ron­ment. To pre­vent a sharp di­elec­tric cor­ner break, a 45-de­gree cham­fer is added. More­over, a mi­croscale vac­uum gap, caused by metal­lic clamp­ing be­tween the thin coat­ing and the outer thick cop­per jacket, is stud­ied in de­tail. Based on sim­u­la­tion stud­ies, a pro­to­type of the DLA struc­ture with the match­ing sec­tions was fab­ri­cated. Re­sults from pre­lim­i­nary bench mea­sure­ments and their com­par­i­son with de­sign val­ues will also be dis­cussed.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB142 [2.617 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB142  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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MOPAB146 Status of the C-Band Engineering Research Facility (CERF-NM) Test Stand Development at LANL cavity, klystron, controls, radiation 509
 
  • D. Gorelov
    Private Address, Los Alamos, USA
  • R.L. Fleming, S.K. Lawrence, J.W. Lewellen, D. Perez, M.E. Schneider, E.I. Simakov, T. Tajima
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • M.E. Middendorf
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: LDRD-DR Project 20200057DR
C-Band struc­tures re­search is of in­creas­ing in­ter­est to the ac­cel­er­a­tor com­mu­nity. The RF fre­quency range of 4-6 GHz gives the op­por­tu­nity to achieve sig­nif­i­cant in­crease in the ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent, and hav­ing the wake­fields at the man­age­able lev­els, while keep­ing the geo­met­ric di­men­sions of the struc­ture tech­no­log­i­cally con­ve­nient. Strong team of sci­en­tists, in­clud­ing the­o­rists re­search­ing prop­er­ties of met­als under stress­ful ther­mal con­di­tions and high elec­tro­mag­netic fields, met­al­lur­gists work­ing with cop­per as well as al­loys of in­ter­est, and ac­cel­er­a­tor sci­en­tists de­vel­op­ing new struc­ture de­signs, is formed at LANL to de­velop a CERF-NM fa­cil­ity. A 50 MW, 5.712 GHz Canon kly­stron, was pur­chased in 2019, and laid the basis for this fa­cil­ity. As of Jan-21, the con­struc­tion of the Test Stand has been fin­ished and the high gra­di­ent pro­cess­ing of the wave­guide com­po­nents has been started. Fu­ture plans in­clude high gra­di­ent test­ing of var­i­ous ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures, in­clud­ing bench­mark C-band ac­cel­er­at­ing cav­ity, a pro­ton ß=0.5 cav­ity, and cav­i­ties made from dif­fer­ent al­loys. An up­grade to the fa­cil­ity is planned to allow for test­ing ac­cel­er­a­tor cav­i­ties at cryo­genic tem­per­a­tures. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB146 [3.778 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB146  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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MOPAB147 Efficient, High Power Terahertz Radiation Outcoupling From a Beam Driven Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator radiation, wakefield, acceleration, electron 513
 
  • M. Yadav, G. Andonian, C.E. Hansel, W.J. Lynn, N. Majernik, B. Naranjo, J.B. Rosenzweig, O. Williams
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • G. Andonian
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work was supported by DE-SC0009914 (UCLA) and the STFC Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training on Data Intensive Science (LIV. DAT) under grant agreement ST/P006752/1.
Wake­fields in di­elec­tric struc­tures are a use­ful tool for beam di­ag­nos­tics and ma­nip­u­la­tion with ap­pli­ca­tions in­clud­ing ac­cel­er­a­tion, shap­ing, chirp­ing, and THz ra­di­a­tion gen­er­a­tion. It is pos­si­ble to use the pro­duced THz ra­di­a­tion to di­ag­nose the fields pro­duced dur­ing the DWA in­ter­ac­tion but, to do so, it is nec­es­sary to ef­fec­tively out-cou­ple this ra­di­a­tion to free space for trans­port to di­ag­nos­tics such as a bolome­ter or in­ter­fer­om­e­ter. To this end, sim­u­la­tions have been con­ducted using CST Stu­dio for a 10 GeV beam with FACET-II pa­ra­me­ters in a slab-sym­met­ric, di­elec­tric wave­guide. Var­i­ous ter­mi­na­tion geome­tries were stud­ied in­clud­ing flat cuts, metal horns, and the "Vlasov an­tenna". Sim­u­la­tions in­di­cate that the Vlasov an­tenna geom­e­try is op­ti­mal and de­tailed stud­ies were con­ducted on a va­ri­ety of di­electrics in­clud­ing quartz, di­a­mond, and sil­i­con. Mul­ti­ple modes were ex­cited and co­her­ent Cherenkov ra­di­a­tion (CCR) was com­pu­ta­tion­ally gen­er­ated for both sym­met­ric and asym­met­ric beams. Fi­nally, we in­clude wit­ness beams to study trans­port and ac­cel­er­a­tion dy­nam­ics as well as the achiev­able field gra­di­ents. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB147  
About • paper received ※ 24 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 29 August 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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MOPAB152 High Power Tests of Brazeless Accelerating Structures simulation, experiment, wakefield, target 532
 
  • S.P. Antipov, P.V. Avrakhov, C.-J. Jing, S.V. Kuzikov
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • V.A. Dolgashev
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • D.S. Doran, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: DOE SBIR Grant #DE-SC0017749
A typ­i­cal ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture is a set of cop­per res­onators brazed to­gether. This multi step process is ex­pen­sive and time con­sum­ing. In an ef­fort to op­ti­mize pro­duc­tion process for rapid pro­to­typ­ing and over­all re­duc­tion of ac­cel­er­a­tor cost we de­vel­oped a split block braze­less ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture. In such struc­ture the vac­uum is sealed by the use of knife edges, sim­i­lar to an in­dus­try stan­dard con­flat tech­nol­ogy. In this paper we pre­sent high power tests of sev­eral dif­fer­ent braze­less struc­tures. First, an in­ex­pen­sive 1 MeV ac­cel­er­a­tor pow­ered by radar mag­netron. Sec­ond, a high gra­di­ent power ex­trac­tor tested at Ar­gonne Wake­field Ac­cel­er­a­tor Fa­cil­ity. In this ex­per­i­ment a high charge elec­tron beam gen­er­ated a 180 MW peak power pulse. Fi­nally, we re­port on high power test­ing of a braze­less x-band ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture at SLAC. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB152 [0.783 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB152  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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MOPAB156 Wakefields and Transverse Bunch Dynamics Studies of a Plasma-Dielectric Accelerating Structure plasma, wakefield, focusing, electron 542
 
  • K. Galaydych, I.N. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  
  Funding: The National Research Foundation of Ukraine, programme "Leading and Young Scientists Research Support" (grant agreement n. 2020.02/0299).
A the­o­ret­i­cal in­ves­ti­ga­tion of a wake­field ex­ci­ta­tion in a plasma-di­elec­tric ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture by a drive elec­tron bunch in the case of an off-axis bunch in­jec­tion is car­ried out. The struc­ture under in­ves­ti­ga­tion is a round di­elec­tric-loaded metal wave­guide with chan­nel for the charged par­ti­cles, filled with ho­mo­ge­neous cold plasma. In this paper we focus on the spa­tial dis­tri­b­u­tion of the bunch-ex­cited wake­field com­po­nents, which act on both the drive and test bunches, and on trans­verse bunch dy­nam­ics. De­pen­dence of the drive bunch prop­a­ga­tion dis­tance on its off­set is stud­ied. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB156 [2.042 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB156  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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MOPAB215 Using ICA for Retrieving Teng Parameters coupling, factory, optics, FEL 711
 
  • A. Lauterbach
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • G. Franchetti
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The blind source sep­a­ra­tion (BSS) method of In­de­pen­dent Com­po­nent Analy­sis (ICA) is ex­plored as a new ap­proach for the re­con­struc­tion of the trans­fer ma­trix of Lin­ear Cou­pling Pa­ra­me­ter­i­za­tion. ICA is a method to de­tan­gle in­de­pen­dent sig­nals out of sev­eral mea­sure­ments of their mix­tures. In BSS-cal­cu­la­tions, it is usu­ally not pos­si­ble to re­trieve the mix­ing ma­trix, for the source sig­nals, as well as the ma­trix, are un­known. Com­bin­ing the pa­ra­me­ter­i­za­tion model of D.A. Ed­wards and L.C. Teng with the stan­dard ICA ap­proach, it is though pos­si­ble to re­trieve the mix­ing ma­trix, as the form of the orig­i­nal un­cou­pled mo­tion is known. At the same time arises the pos­si­bil­ity to re­cal­cu­late the pa­ra­me­ters of Ed­wards and Teng through a sys­tem of equa­tions of the one turn map com­po­nents. It can be shown as a proof of con­cept, that the pa­ra­me­ters can be re­con­structed up to high ac­cu­racy for a sim­u­lated, non-per­turbed sig­nal.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB215  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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MOPAB283 Simulations of Space-Charge and Guiding Fields Effects on the Performance of Gas Jet Profile Monitoring electron, simulation, HOM, collimation 898
 
  • O. Sedláček, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • P. Forck, S. Udrea
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, O. Sedláček, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • S. Mazzoni, O. Sedláček
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Gas jet based pro­file mon­i­tors in­ject a usu­ally cur­tain shaped gas jet across a charged par­ti­cle beam and ex­ploit the re­sults of the min­i­mally in­va­sive beam-gas in­ter­ac­tion to pro­vide in­for­ma­tion about the beam’s trans­ver­sal pro­file. Such mon­i­tor will be in­stalled as part of the High Lu­mi­nos­ity LHC up­grade at CERN in the Hol­low Elec­tron Lens (HEL). The HEL rep­re­sents a new col­li­ma­tion stage in­creas­ing the dif­fu­sion rate of halo par­ti­cles by plac­ing a high in­ten­sity hol­low elec­tron beam con­cen­tri­cally around the LHC beam. The gas jet mon­i­tor will use the flu­o­res­cence ra­di­a­tion re­sult­ing due to the beam-gas in­ter­ac­tion to cre­ate an image of the pro­files of both hol­low elec­tron and LHC beams How­ever, the high beam space-charge and strong guid­ing mag­netic field of the elec­tron beam cause sig­nif­i­cant dis­place­ments of the ex­cited mol­e­cules, as they are also ion­ized, and thus image dis­tor­tions. This work pre­sents pre­lim­i­nary sim­u­la­tion re­sults show­ing ex­pected flu­o­res­cence im­ages of the hol­low elec­tron pro­file as af­fected by space-charge and guid­ing fields using sim­u­la­tion tools such as IPM­sim. The in­flu­ence of the es­ti­mated elec­tron beam and gas jet cur­tain pa­ra­me­ters are in­ves­ti­gated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB283  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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MOPAB291 Design of Cavity BPM Pickup for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB cavity, coupling, pick-up, simulation 924
 
  • Sh. Bilanishvili
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  
  EuPRAXIA@​SPARC_​LAB will make avail­able at LNF a unique com­bi­na­tion of­fer­ing three dif­fer­ent op­tions. A high-bright­ness elec­tron beam with 1 GeV en­ergy gen­er­ated in a novel X-band RF linac; A PW-class laser sys­tem, and a com­pact light-source di­rectly dri­ven by a plasma ac­cel­er­a­tor*. Plasma and con­ven­tional RF linac dri­ven FEL pro­vide beam with pa­ra­me­ters of 30- 200pC charge range, 10-100Hz rep­e­ti­tion rate, and 1 GeV elec­tron en­ergy**. The con­trol of the charge and the tra­jec­tory mon­i­tor­ing at a few pC and a few um is manda­tory in this ma­chine. Par­tic­u­larly in the plasma in­ter­ac­tion re­gion, where the pickup res­o­lu­tion under 1 um is re­quired. As a pos­si­ble so­lu­tion, a cav­ity beam po­si­tion mon­i­tor (cBPM) is pro­posed. A pro­to­type in the C-band fre­quency range has been de­signed. The pickup was op­ti­mized for low charge and sin­gle-shot bunches. The poster pre­sents the process to achieve the re­quired spec­i­fi­ca­tions. The sim­u­la­tions were per­formed to study RF prop­er­ties and the elec­tro­mag­netic re­sponse of the de­vice. Fi­nally, the over­all per­for­mance of the pickup is dis­cussed, and the­o­ret­i­cal res­o­lu­tion is ap­prox­i­mated.
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335459394FromSPARCLABtoEuPRAXIASPARC_LAB
**http://www.lnf.infn.it/sis/preprint/detail-new.php?id=5416 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB291 [16.718 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB291  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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MOPAB319 Development of a Fast Betatron Tune and Chromaticity Measurement System for COSY betatron, acceleration, controls, resonance 983
 
  • P.J. Niedermayer, C. Böhme, B. Breitkreutz, V. Kamerdzhiev, A. Lehrach
    FZJ, Jülich, Germany
  • A. Lehrach
    RWTH, Aachen, Germany
  
  A fast tune mea­sure­ment is de­vel­oped for the Cooler Syn­chro­tron COSY at the In­sti­tut für Kern­physik of Forschungszen­trum Jülich. Be­ta­tron os­cil­la­tions of the beam are ex­cited with a band-lim­ited RF sig­nal via a stripline kicker. Res­o­nant trans­verse os­cil­la­tions are then ob­served using ca­pac­i­tive beam po­si­tion mon­i­tors. Based on the bunch-by-bunch beam po­si­tion data the be­ta­tron tune is de­ter­mined. The usage of bunch-by-bunch data is char­ac­ter­is­tic of the new sys­tem. It al­lows for a dis­crete tune mea­sure­ment within a few mil­lisec­onds, as well as con­tin­u­ous tune mon­i­tor­ing dur­ing beam ac­cel­er­a­tion. The high pre­ci­sion tune mea­sure­ment also en­ables de­ter­mi­na­tion of the beam chro­matic­ity. There­fore, the beam mo­men­tum is var­ied by means of the RF fre­quency and the sub­se­quent tune change is de­ter­mined. For rou­tine use dur­ing beam op­er­a­tion and ex­per­i­ments, the de­vel­oped method is in­te­grated into the con­trol sys­tem.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB319 [1.209 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB319  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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MOPAB324 High Voltage Design and Evaluation of Wien Filters for the CEBAF 200 keV Injector Upgrade electron, vacuum, high-voltage, simulation 1000
 
  • G.G. Palacios Serrano, P.A. Adderley, J.F. Benesch, D.B. Bullard, J.M. Grames, C. Hernandez-Garcia, A.S. Hofler, D. Machie, M. Poelker, M.L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • H. Baumgart, G.G. Palacios Serrano
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
High-en­ergy nu­clear physics ex­per­i­ments at the Jef­fer­son Lab Con­tin­u­ous Elec­tron Beam Ac­cel­er­a­tor Fa­cil­ity (CEBAF) re­quire highly spin-po­lar­iza­tion elec­tron beams, pro­duced from strained su­per-lat­tice GaAs pho­to­cath­odes, ac­ti­vated to neg­a­tive elec­tron affin­ity in a pho­to­gun op­er­at­ing at 130 kV dc. A pair of Wien fil­ter spin ro­ta­tors in the in­jec­tor de­fines the ori­en­ta­tion of the elec­tron beam po­lar­iza­tion at the end sta­tion tar­get. An up­grade of the CEBAF in­jec­tor to bet­ter sup­port the up­com­ing MOLLER ex­per­i­ment re­quires in­creas­ing the elec­tron beam en­ergy to 200 keV, to re­duce un­wanted he­lic­ity cor­re­lated in­ten­sity and po­si­tion sys­tem­at­ics and pro­vide pre­cise con­trol of the po­lar­iza­tion ori­en­ta­tion. Our con­tri­bu­tion de­scribes de­sign, fab­ri­ca­tion and test­ing of the high volt­age sys­tem to up­grade the Wien spin ro­ta­tor to be com­pat­i­ble with the 200 keV beam. This re­quired Solid­works mod­el­ing, CST and Opera elec­tro- and mag­ne­to­sta­tic sim­u­la­tions, up­grad­ing HV vac­uum feedthroughs, and as­sem­bly tech­niques for im­prov­ing elec­trode align­ment. The elec­tric and mag­netic fields re­quired by the Wien con­di­tion and the suc­cess­ful HV char­ac­ter­i­za­tion under vac­uum con­di­tions are also pre­sented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB324  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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MOPAB336 Multipacting Analysis of Warm Linac RF Vacuum Windows simulation, multipactoring, vacuum, Windows 1044
 
  • G.D. Toby, Y.W. Kang, S.-H. Kim, S.W. Lee, J.S. Moss
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: * This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Mul­ti­pact­ing in ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures is a com­plex phe­nom­e­non with which there is much to be un­der­stood. While mul­ti­pact­ing re­search ef­forts have pri­mar­ily been fo­cused on su­per­con­duct­ing radio fre­quency (SRF) sys­tems, nor­mal con­duct­ing ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures that have a higher ther­mal ca­pac­ity and a greater vac­uum pres­sure tol­er­ance could ben­e­fit from ad­di­tional in­ves­ti­ga­tion. This re­search de­tails mul­ti­pact­ing sim­u­la­tion meth­ods and the re­sults of 3-D elec­tro­mag­netic sim­u­la­tions of RF vac­uum win­dows used on nor­mal con­duct­ing linac (NCL) cav­i­ties. Pos­si­ble tech­niques for re­duc­ing and elim­i­nat­ing mul­ti­pact­ing ac­tiv­i­ties in these struc­tures are dis­cussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB336  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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MOPAB341 First C-Band High Gradient Cavity Testing Results at LANL cavity, proton, operation, klystron 1057
 
  • E.I. Simakov, R.L. Fleming, D. Gorelov, T.A. Jankowski, M.F. Kirshner, J.W. Lewellen, J.D. Pizzolatto, M.E. Schneider, T. Tajima
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • X. Lu, E.A. Nanni, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • M.E. Middendorf
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program.
This poster will re­port the re­sults of high gra­di­ent test­ing of the two pro­ton β=0.5 C-band ac­cel­er­at­ing cav­i­ties. The cav­i­ties for pro­ton ac­cel­er­a­tion were fab­ri­cated at SLAC and tested at high gra­di­ent C-band ac­cel­er­a­tor test stand at LANL. One cav­ity was made of cop­per, and the sec­ond was made of a cop­per-sil­ver alloy. LANL test stand was con­structed around a 50 MW, 5.712 GHz Canon kly­stron and is ca­pa­ble to pro­vide power for con­di­tion­ing sin­gle cell ac­cel­er­at­ing cav­i­ties for op­er­a­tion at sur­face elec­tric fields up to 300 MV/m. These β=0.5 C-band cav­i­ties were the first two cav­i­ties tested on LANL C-band test stand. The pre­sen­ta­tion will re­port achieved gra­di­ents, break­down prob­a­bil­i­ties, and other char­ac­ter­is­tics mea­sured dur­ing the high power op­er­a­tion. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB341  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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MOPAB342 Design, Fabrication, and Commissioning of the Mode Launchers for High Gradient C-Band Cavity Testing at LANL cavity, klystron, simulation, MMI 1060
 
  • E.I. Simakov, J.E. Acosta, D. Gorelov, M.F. Kirshner, J.W. Lewellen
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  • P. Borchard
    Dymenso LLC, San Francisco, USA
  • M.E. Schneider
    MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program.
This poster will re­port on the de­sign, fab­ri­ca­tion, and op­er­a­tion sta­tus of the new high gra­di­ent C-band TM01 mode launch­ers for the high gra­di­ent C-band test stand at LANL. Mod­ern ap­pli­ca­tions re­quire ac­cel­er­a­tors with op­ti­mized cost of con­struc­tion and op­er­a­tion, nat­u­rally call­ing for high-gra­di­ent ac­cel­er­a­tion. At LANL we com­mis­sioned a test stand pow­ered by a 50 MW, 5.712 GHz Canon kly­stron. The test is ca­pa­ble of con­di­tion­ing sin­gle cell ac­cel­er­at­ing cav­i­ties for op­er­a­tion at sur­face elec­tric fields up to 300 MV/m. The rf field is cou­pled into the cav­ity from a WR187 wave­guide through a mode launcher that con­verts the fun­da­men­tal mode of the rec­tan­gu­lar wave­guide into the TM01 mode of the cir­cu­lar wave­guide. Sev­eral de­signs for mode launch­ers were con­sid­ered and the final de­sign was cho­sen based on a com­pro­mise be­tween the field en­hance­ments, band­width, and sim­plic­ity and cost of fab­ri­ca­tion. Four mode launch­ers were fab­ri­cated and cold-tested. Two mode launch­ers with the best trans­mis­sion char­ac­ter­is­tics were in­stalled and con­di­tioned to high power. The pre­sen­ta­tion will re­port achieved gra­di­ents, break­down prob­a­bil­i­ties, and other char­ac­ter­is­tics mea­sured dur­ing op­er­a­tion. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB342  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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MOPAB346 Broadband Frequency Electromagnetic Characterisation of Coating Materials experiment, electron, vacuum, site 1076
 
  • A. Passarelli, C. Koral, M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • A. Andreone
    Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
  • M. De Stefano
    University of Naples, Naples, Italy
  • V.G. Vaccaro
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli, Italy
  
  In the new gen­er­a­tion of par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors and stor­age rings, col­lec­tive ef­fects have to be care­fully an­a­lyzed. In par­tic­u­lar, the fi­nite con­duc­tiv­ity of the beam pipe walls is a major source of im­ped­ance and in­sta­bil­i­ties. A re­li­able elec­tro­mag­netic (EM) char­ac­ter­i­sa­tion of dif­fer­ent coat­ing ma­te­ri­als is re­quired up to hun­dreds of GHz due to very short bunches. We pro­pose two dif­fer­ent mea­sure­ment tech­niques for an ex­tended fre­quency char­ac­ter­i­za­tion: (i) a THz time do­main setup based on the sig­nal trans­mis­sion re­sponse of a tai­lored wave­guide to infer the coat­ing EM prop­er­ties from 100 to 300 GHz or even fur­ther*.**. This tech­nique has been tested both on NEG and amor­phous Car­bon films. (ii) a res­o­nant method, based on di­elec­tric cav­i­ties, to eval­u­ate the sur­face re­sis­tance Rs of thin con­duct­ing sam­ples at low (GHz) fre­quen­cies***. Due to its high sen­si­tiv­ity, Rs val­ues can be ob­tained for very thin (nano­met­ric) coat­ings or for cop­per sam­ples with a laser treated sur­face, since they have an ex­pected con­duc­tiv­ity very close to bulk cop­per.
*A. Passarelli et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, v.21, p.103101, 2018
**A. Passarelli et al., Cond. Matter, v.5, p.9, 2020
***A. Andreone et al., Applied Physics Letters, v.91, n.7, p.072512, 2007
 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB346 [2.613 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB346  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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MOPAB348 Portable 2.5 MeV X-Band Linear Accelerator Structure linac, gun, radiation, target 1084
 
  • A.V. Mishin, K. Brown, M. Denney, D. Fischer, N.P. Hanson, S. Proskin, J. Stammetti
    Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA
  
  Two ver­sions of 2.5 MeV X-Band lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor struc­ture have been de­signed and tested. The first is a tra­di­tional sin­gle input linac, and the other one is a dual input, two sec­tion linac with power input through a 3 dB cou­pler. The linac is de­signed for a portable linac sys­tem, which can be used for se­cu­rity screen­ing, non-de­struc­tive test­ing, med­ical and in­dus­trial CT, and, per­haps, some other ap­pli­ca­tions.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB348 [1.490 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB348  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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MOPAB349 New Accelerator Beam Centerline (ABC) Production Line at Varex Imaging Corporation linac, gun, betatron, detector 1087
 
  • A.V. Mishin
    Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA
  
  In Jan­u­ary 2017, a Salt Lake City Com­po­nent Di­vi­sion of Var­ian Med­ical (Var­ian)*, pro­ducer of X-ray tubes, de­tec­tors, and imag­ing pan­els has been spun off, giv­ing birth to a new pub­lic com­pany Varex Imag­ing Cor­po­ra­tion (Varex)**, which also in­cludes the Se­cu­rity and In­spec­tion Prod­ucts (SIP) linac pro­ducer in Las Vegas. Based on Var­ian asset ac­qui­si­tion of two small LLCs*** in May 2016, 8 months prior to the tran­si­tion, a new busi­ness branch within Varex has been es­tab­lished, which in­cluded dis­tri­b­u­tion of the be­ta­trons and de­tec­tor ar­rays as well as pilot pro­duc­tion line for Ac­cel­er­a­tor Beam Cen­ter­lines (ABC). In 3 years, we moved ABC pro­duc­tion from Fre­mont, CA to Salt Lake in Utah and im­proved it; sev­eral ABCs have been de­signed, pro­duced, and qual­i­fied. A num­ber of new prod­ucts in en­ergy range of 1-20 MeV are under de­vel­op­ment, based on the new ABCs used as com­po­nents for SIP lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor sys­tems and ABCs sold to third par­ties for ap­pli­ca­tions other than Se­cu­rity and NDT. The new prod­ucts will brag broad en­ergy and dose rate reg­u­la­tion, smooth and re­li­able op­er­a­tion, pro­vid­ing ex­tended ben­e­fits to our cus­tomers.
* - https://www.varian.com/
** - https://www.vareximaging.com/
*** - both Thought One LLC and Radmedex LLC have been dissolved in 2018 upon completion of the transition process
 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB349 [2.182 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB349  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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MOPAB358 Design and Measurement of the 1.4 GHz Cavity for LEReC Linac cavity, electron, resonance, HOM 1113
 
  • B.P. Xiao, J.C. Brutus, J.M. Fite, K. Hamdi, D. Holmes, K. Mernick, K.S. Smith, J.E. Tuozzolo, T. Xin, A. Zaltsman
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Low En­ergy RHIC elec­tron Cooler (LEReC) is the first elec­tron cooler based on rf ac­cel­er­a­tion of elec­tron bunches. To fur­ther im­prove RHIC lu­mi­nos­ity for heavy ion beam en­er­gies below 10 GeV/nu­cleon, a nor­mal con­duct­ing RF cav­ity at 1.4 GHz was de­signed and fab­ri­cated for the LINAC that will pro­vide longer elec­tron bunches for the LEReC. It is a sin­gle-cell cav­ity with an ef­fec­tive cav­ity length shorter than half of the 1.4 GHz wave­length. This cav­ity was fab­ri­cated and tested on-site at BNL to ver­ify RF prop­er­ties, i.e. the res­o­nance fre­quency, FPC cou­pling strength, tuner sys­tem per­for­mance, and high power tests. In this paper, we re­port the RF test re­sults for this cav­ity. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB358  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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MOPAB370 X-Band RF Spiral Load Optimization for Additive Manufacturing Mass Production vacuum, simulation, ECR, linac 1143
 
  • H. Bursali
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • N. Catalán Lasheras, R.L. Gerard, A. Grudiev, O. Gumenyuk, P. Morales Sanchez, B. Riffaud
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • J. Sauza-Bedolla
    Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  The CLIC main linac uses X-band trav­el­ing-wave nor­mal con­duct­ing ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures. The RF power not used for beam ac­cel­er­a­tion nor dis­si­pated in the re­sis­tive wall is ab­sorbed in two high power RF loads that should be as com­pact as pos­si­ble to min­i­mize the total foot­print of the ma­chine. In re­cent years, CERN has de­signed, fab­ri­cated and suc­cess­fully tested sev­eral loads pro­duced by ad­di­tive man­u­fac­tur­ing. With the cur­rent de­sign, only one load can be pro­duced in the 3D print­ing ma­chine at a time. The aim of this study is op­ti­miz­ing the in­ter­nal cross-sec­tion of loads in order to cre­ate a stack­able de­sign to in­crease the num­ber of pro­duced parts per man­u­fac­tur­ing cycle and thus de­crease the unit price. This paper pre­sents the new de­sign with an op­ti­miza­tion of the in­ter­nal vac­uum part of the so-called RF spi­ral load. In this case, RF and me­chan­i­cal de­signs were car­ried out in par­al­lel. The new cross sec­tion has showed good RF re­flec­tion reach­ing less than -30 dB in sim­u­la­tions. The final load is now ready to be man­u­fac­tured and high-power tested. This new load will not only pro­vide cost sav­ing but also faster man­u­fac­tur­ing for mass pro­duc­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB370  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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TUXB01 A 3 MeV All Optical Terahertz-Driven Electron Source at Tsinghua University electron, acceleration, laser, gun 1294
 
  • H. Xu, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, R.K. Li, C.-X. Tang, L.X. Yan
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Science Challenge Project No.TZ2018005
Ef­fi­cient ac­cel­er­a­tion and ma­nip­u­la­tion of high-bright­ness elec­tron beams using ter­a­hertz waves in a com­pact setup has been re­cently a hot re­search topic in ac­cel­er­a­tion com­mu­nity. Pre­vi­ous works have achieved multi-MV/m ac­cel­er­a­tion gra­di­ent and dozens of keV en­ergy gain while leav­ing room for fur­ther im­prove­ments in the high-en­ergy regime. Here, we ex­per­i­men­tally demon­strate whole-bunch ac­cel­er­a­tion and cas­caded ter­a­hertz-dri­ven ac­cel­er­a­tion of a rel­a­tivis­tic beam with a record en­ergy gain of 204 keV. A ter­a­hertz-dri­ven all-op­ti­cal elec­tron source is now under de­vel­op­ment, which hold great po­ten­tial for ter­a­hertz-dri­ven ul­tra­fast elec­tron dif­frac­tion and re­lated sci­en­tific dis­cov­er­ies.
* Xu, H., Yan, L., Du, Y. et al. Cascaded high-gradient terahertz-driven acceleration of relativistic electron beams. Nat. Photonics (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00779-x
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB01  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUXB04 Fabrication and Tuning of a THz-Driven Electron Gun gun, electron, cavity, resonance 1297
 
  • S.M. Lewis, A.A. Haase, J.W. Merrick, E.A. Nanni, M.A.K. Othman, S.G. Tantawi
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • S.M. Lewis
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 (SLAC) and by NSF Grant No. PHY-1734015.
We have de­vel­oped a THz-dri­ven field emis­sion elec­tron gun and beam char­ac­ter­i­za­tion as­sem­bly. The two cell stand­ing-wave gun op­er­ates in the pi mode at 110.08 GHz. It is de­signed to pro­duce 360 keV elec­trons with 500 kW of input power sup­plied by a 110 GHz gy­ro­tron. Mul­ti­ple gun struc­tures were elec­tro­formed in cop­per using a high pre­ci­sion di­a­mond-turned man­drel. The field emis­sion cath­ode is a rounded cop­per tip lo­cated in the first cell. The cav­ity res­o­nances were me­chan­i­cally tuned using az­imuthal com­pres­sion. This work will dis­cuss de­tails of the fab­ri­ca­tion and tun­ing and pre­sent the re­sults of low power mea­sure­ments. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB04  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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TUPAB077 Novel Open Cavity for Rotating Mode SLED-Type RF Pulse Compressors cavity, coupling, klystron, linear-collider 1547
 
  • X.W. Wu, A. Grudiev
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A new X-band high-power ro­tat­ing mode SLAC En­ergy Dou­bler (SLED)-type rf pulse com­pres­sor is pro­posed. It is based on a novel cav­ity type, a sin­gle open bowl-shape en­ergy stor­age cav­ity with high Q0 and com­pact size, which is cou­pled to the wave­guide using a com­pact ro­tat­ing mode launcher. The novel cav­ity type is ap­plied to the rf pulse com­pres­sion sys­tem of the main linac rf mod­ule of the kly­stron-based op­tion of the Com­pact Lin­ear Col­lider (CLIC). Quasi-spher­i­cal ro­tat­ing modes of \rm{TE}1,2,4 and \rm{TE}1,2,13 are pro­posed for the cor­rec­tion cav­ity and stor­age cav­ity of the rf pulse com­pres­sion sys­tem re­spec­tively. The stor­age cav­ity work­ing at \rm{TE}1,2,13 has a Q0 of 240000 and a di­am­e­ter less than 33 cm. The de­sign of the pulse com­pres­sor and in par­tic­u­lar of the high-Q cav­ity will be pre­sented in de­tail.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB077 [1.229 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB077  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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TUPAB126 Spectral Gap in the Middle Infrared FEL Oscillator of FELiCHEM FEL, laser, electron, free-electron-laser 1685
 
  • Y.P. Zhu, H.T. Li, Z. Zhao
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  A phe­nom­e­non of spec­tral gap is ob­served in the Mid­dle In­frared FEL Os­cil­la­tor of FE­LiCHEM: the laser power falls down at the par­tic­u­lar wave­length. Start­ing with the ex­per­i­men­tal data, this paper fo­cuses on the sim­u­la­tion cal­cu­la­tion and analy­sis of the ef­fect from using the par­tial wave­guide. The re­la­tion­ship be­tween wave­guide and spec­tral gap is re­vealed.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB126 [1.063 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB126  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB133 Brazing free RF Pulse Compressor for High Gradient Accelerators cavity, coupling, simulation, vacuum 1700
 
  • L. Kankadze, D. Alesini, F. Cardelli, G. Di Raddo, M. Diomede
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  
  EURPRAXIA@​SPARC\LAB, is a pro­posal to up­grade the SPARC\LAB test fa­cil­ity (at LNF, Fras­cati) to a soft X-ray user fa­cil­ity based on plasma ac­cel­er­a­tion and high-gra­di­ent X-band (11.9942 GHz) ac­cel­er­at­ing mod­ules. Each mod­ule is made up of a group of 4 TW sec­tions as­sem­bled on a sin­gle girder and fed by one kly­stron by means of one rf pulse com­pres­sor sys­tem and a low at­ten­u­a­tion cir­cu­lar wave­guide net­work that trans­ports the rf power to the input hy­brids of the sec­tions. The pulse com­pres­sor is based on a sin­gle Bar­rel Open Cav­ity (BOC). The BOC use a ’whis­per­ing gallery’ mode which has an in­trin­si­cally high qual­ity fac­tor and op­er­ates in a res­o­nant ro­tat­ing wave regime. Com­pared to the con­ven­tional SLED scheme it re­quires a sin­gle cav­ity in­stead of two cav­i­ties and a 3-dB hy­brid. A new braze­less me­chan­i­cal de­sign has been pro­posed and is de­scribed in the pre­sent paper to­gether with the elec­tro-mag­netic and thermo-me­chan­i­cal sim­u­la­tions.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB133  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUPAB153 Modeling of Capillary Discharge Plasmas for Wakefield Accelerators and Beam Transport plasma, simulation, laser, electron 1740
 
  • N.M. Cook, J.A. Carlsson, S.J. Coleman, A. Diaw, J.P. Edelen
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • E.C. Hansen, P. Tzeferacos
    Flash Center for Computational Science, Chicago, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0018719.
Next gen­er­a­tion ac­cel­er­a­tors de­mand so­phis­ti­cated beam sources to reach ul­tra-low emit­tances at large ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ents, along with im­proved op­tics to trans­port these beams with­out degra­da­tion. Cap­il­lary dis­charge plas­mas can ad­dress each of these chal­lenges. As sources, cap­il­lar­ies have been shown to in­crease the en­ergy and qual­ity of wake­field ac­cel­er­a­tors, and as ac­tive plasma lenses they pro­vide or­ders-of-mag­ni­tude in­creases in peak mag­netic field. Cap­il­lar­ies are sen­si­tive to en­ergy de­po­si­tion, heat trans­fer, ion­iza­tion dy­nam­ics, and mag­netic field pen­e­tra­tion; there­fore, cap­il­lary de­sign re­quires care­ful mod­el­ing. We pre­sent sim­u­la­tions of cap­il­lary dis­charge plas­mas using FLASH, a pub­licly-avail­able multi-physics code de­vel­oped at the Uni­ver­sity of Chicago. We re­port on the im­ple­men­ta­tion of 2D and 3D mod­els of cap­il­lary plasma den­sity and tem­per­a­ture evo­lu­tion with re­al­is­tic bound­ary and dis­charge con­di­tions. We then demon­strate laser en­ergy de­po­si­tion to model chan­nel for­ma­tion for guid­ing in­tense laser pulses. Lastly, we ex­am­ine ac­tive cap­il­lary plas­mas with vary­ing fill species and com­pare our sim­u­la­tions against ex­per­i­men­tal stud­ies. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB153  
About • paper received ※ 24 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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TUPAB239 Radiation of a Charged Particle Bunch Moving Along a Deep Corrugated Surface with a Small Period radiation, ECR, electromagnetic-fields, impedance 1999
 
  • E.S. Simakov, A.V. Tyukhtin
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137).
We in­ves­ti­gate the elec­tro­mag­netic ra­di­a­tion of a bunch mov­ing along a cor­ru­gated con­duc­tive sur­face. It is as­sumed that wave­lengths under con­sid­er­a­tion are much more than the pe­riod of the cor­ru­ga­tion. In this case, the cor­ru­gated struc­ture can be re­placed with a smooth sur­face on which so-called equiv­a­lent bound­ary con­di­tions (EBC) are ful­filled*. In fact, we deal with anisotropic sur­face char­ac­ter­ized by cer­tain ma­trix im­ped­ance. Here, we con­sider the case of deep cor­ru­ga­tion, i.e. we as­sume that the depth of the struc­ture is much more than its pe­riod (the case of shal­low cor­ru­ga­tion was stud­ied ear­lier**). Using the EBC we ob­tain elec­tro­mag­netic field com­po­nents which are pre­sented in form of spec­tral in­te­grals. It is shown that the bunch gen­er­ates sur­face waves prop­a­gat­ing in the plane of the struc­ture, whereas vol­ume ra­di­a­tion is ab­sent at the fre­quen­cies under con­sid­er­a­tion. We also con­sider the en­ergy losses of the bunch. Typ­i­cal de­pen­dences of a spec­tral den­sity of the en­ergy losses on cor­ru­ga­tion pa­ra­me­ters are ob­tained and an­a­lyzed. It is demon­strated that the fea­tures of the sur­face waves can be used for the bunch di­ag­nos­tics.
* E.I. Nefedov, A.N. Sivov. Electrodynamics of periodic structures. Moscow, Nauka, 1977, 208 p. (in Russian).
** E.S. Simakov, A.V. Tyukhtin, S.N. Galyamin, Phys. Rev. AB, 22, 061301 (2019). 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB239 [0.637 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB239  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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TUPAB246 Numerical Simulation and Beam-Dynamics Study of a Hollow-Core Woodpile Coupler for Dielectric Laser Accelerators photon, laser, acceleration, electron 2022
 
  • G.S. Mauro, D. Mascali, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • A. Bacci
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • C. De Angelis, A. Locatelli
    University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
  • A.R. Rossi
    INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
  • G. Sorbello
    University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  
  Hol­low core di­elec­tric mi­crostruc­tures pow­ered by lasers rep­re­sent a new and promis­ing area of ac­cel­er­a­tor re­search thanks to the higher dam­age thresh­old and ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ents with re­spect to met­als at op­ti­cal wave­lengths. In this paper we pre­sent the de­sign of a di­elec­tric Elec­tro­mag­netic Band Gap (EBG) mode con­verter for high-power cou­pling of the ac­cel­er­at­ing mode in Di­elec­tric Laser Ac­cel­er­a­tors (DLAs). The de­sign is wave­length-in­de­pen­dent, and here we pro­pose an im­ple­men­ta­tion op­er­at­ing at 90.505 GHz (wave­length 3.3 mm) based on a sil­i­con wood­pile struc­ture. The cou­pler is com­posed by two per­pen­dic­u­larly cou­pled hol­low-core wave­guides: a TE-like mode wave­guide (ex­cited from RF/laser power) and a TM-like mode ac­cel­er­at­ing wave­guide. The struc­ture has been nu­mer­i­cally de­signed and op­ti­mized, pre­sent­ing In­ser­tion Losses (IL) < 0.3 dB and an ef­fi­cient mode con­ver­sion in the op­er­at­ing band­width. The prop­er­ties and ef­fec­tive­ness of the con­fined ac­cel­er­at­ing mode have been op­ti­mized in order to de­rive the needed ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent. The sim­u­lated elec­tric field has been used as input for Astra beam-dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tions in order to com­pute the beam prop­er­ties.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB246 [2.209 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB246  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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TUPAB249 Diffraction at the Open-Ended Dielectric-Loaded Circular Waveguide radiation, wakefield, electron, acceleration 2033
 
  • S.N. Galyamin, A.V. Tyukhtin, V.V. Vorobev
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: Work supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-72-10137).
Con­tem­po­rary beam and THz tech­nolo­gies are tightly in­ter­laced dur­ing last years. Strong THz fields allow re­al­iza­tion of THz dri­ven elec­tron guns, THz bunch com­pres­sion, streak­ing* and THz dri­ven wake­field ac­cel­er­a­tion**. In­versely, di­elec­tric cap­il­lar­ies sim­i­lar to those used for THz bunch ma­nip­u­la­tion can be in turn uti­lized for de­vel­op­ment of high-power nar­row-band THz sources***. Men­tioned cases in­volve in­ter­ac­tion of THz waves and par­ti­cle bunches with an open end of cer­tain di­elec­tric loaded wave­guide struc­ture, most fre­quently a cir­cu­lar cap­il­lary. For fur­ther de­vel­op­ment of the dis­cussed prospec­tive top­ics a rig­or­ous ap­proach al­low­ing an­a­lyt­i­cal in­ves­ti­ga­tion of both ra­di­a­tion from open-ended cap­il­lar­ies and their ex­ci­ta­tion by ex­ter­nal source would be ex­tremely use­ful. We pre­sent an el­e­gant and ef­fi­cient rig­or­ous method for solv­ing cir­cu­lar open-ended di­elec­tric-loaded wave­guide dif­frac­tion prob­lems based on Wiener-Hopf tech­nique. We deal with the case of uni­form di­elec­tric load­ing and in­ter­nal ex­ci­ta­tion by a wave­guide mode. S-pa­ra­me­ters, near-field and far-field dis­tri­b­u­tions are pre­sented. The ob­tained re­sults can be also ap­plied to the nar­row band wake­field.
* L. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 054802 (2020).
** M.T. Hibberd et al., Nat. Photonics, 14, 755-759 (2020).
*** D. Wang et al., Rev. Sci. Instr., 89(9), 093301 (2018). 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB249 [2.160 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB249  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB269 Transverse Impedance of Lossy Circular Metal-Dielectric Waveguides impedance, radiation, resonance, wakefield 2093
 
  • M. Ivanyan, L.V. Aslyan
    CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
  • K. Flöttmann, F. Lemery
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The prop­er­ties of the trans­verse im­ped­ance of a di­elec­tric-loaded metal­lic cir­cu­lar wave­guide are in­ves­ti­gated tak­ing into ac­count losses in the outer metal­lic pipe and in the inner di­elec­tric layer. The dis­per­sion re­la­tions, im­ped­ances, and wake func­tions for di­pole modes are an­a­lyzed and com­pared for thin and thick di­elec­tric layer cases. The cor­re­spon­dence of the res­o­nant fre­quen­cies of the lon­gi­tu­di­nal mono­pole and trans­verse di­pole im­ped­ances is es­tab­lished.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB269 [0.906 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB269  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUPAB308 Mechanical Consolidation of the LHC Inner Triplet Magnet Supporting System for Remote Alignment alignment, vacuum, quadrupole, ECR 2207
 
  • F. Micolon, N. Bourcey, J-B. Deschamps, A. Herty, S. Le Naour, T. Mikkola, V. Parma, D. Ramos, V. Rude, M. Sosin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Given the high ra­di­a­tion area and the tight align­ment tol­er­ances, the LHC inner triplet mag­nets were de­signed to be re­aligned re­motely using mo­tor­ized sup­port­ing jacks. How­ever, dur­ing run 2 the LHC triplet re­align­ment sys­tem started to show an un­ex­pected be­hav­ior with er­ratic load vari­a­tions on the mag­net sup­port­ing jacks when op­er­ated. It was then de­cided to freeze any fur­ther re­align­ment of the LHC triplet mag­net for the re­main­der of the run. Sub­se­quently, a pro­ject team was set up at CERN to un­der­stand bet­ter the con­di­tions lead­ing to such un­ex­pected be­hav­ior and to study and pro­pose a tech­ni­cal con­sol­i­da­tion for the re­align­ment sys­tem of the LHC triplet mag­net. A fully in­stru­mented mag­net string using LHC triplet spare mag­nets was as­sem­bled and used at CERN to pro­vide a re­al­is­tic test bench for this study. This paper re­ports on the work un­der­taken to study the triplet mag­net over­all re­align­ment kine­matic, the find­ings on the read­just­ment sys­tem mal­func­tion and de­tails the con­sol­i­da­tion so­lu­tion im­ple­mented for the next LHC run  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB308  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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TUPAB346 Development of a 500-MHz 150-kW Solid-State Power Amplifier for High Energy Photon Source cavity, controls, photon, booster 2312
 
  • Y.L. Luo, T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Q. Ma, Q.Y. Wang, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A 500-MHz 150-kW solid-state power am­pli­fier (SSA) has been de­vel­oped to test the 500-MHz nor­mal con­duct­ing cav­i­ties for High En­ergy Pho­ton Source (HEPS) booster ring. It will also be used to power nor­mal con­duct­ing cav­i­ties in the ini­tial beam com­mis­sion­ing stage of the HEPS stor­age ring. A total num­ber of 96 am­pli­fier mod­ules are com­bined ini­tially by coax­ial and later by wave­guide com­bin­ers to de­liver the 150-kW RF power. The final out­put is of EIA stan­dard WR1800 rec­tan­gu­lar wave­guide. Each am­pli­fier mod­ule con­sists four tran­sis­tors equipped with in­di­vid­ual cir­cu­la­tor and load and out­puts 2-kW RF power. Mod­u­lar­ity, re­dun­dancy and sat­is­fac­tory RF per­for­mance are demon­strated. In the final stage of HEPS pro­ject, this 150-kW am­pli­fier will be mod­i­fied to a 100-kW am­pli­fier to join the other five 100-kW SSAs for nor­mal op­er­a­tion of the booster cav­i­ties. The de­vel­op­ment and test re­sults are pre­sented in this paper.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB346 [1.870 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB346  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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TUPAB348 Magnetron R&D for High Efficiency CW RF Sources for Industrial Accelerators injection, experiment, cavity, MMI 2318
 
  • H. Wang, K. Jordan, R.M. Nelson, R.A. Rimmer, S.O. Solomon
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • B.R.L. Coriton, C.P. Moeller, K.A. Thackston
    GA, San Diego, California, USA
  
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and DOE OS/HEP Accelerator Stewardship award 2019-2021.
The scheme of using high-ef­fi­ciency mag­netrons to drive ra­diofre­quency ac­cel­er­a­tors has been demon­strated at 2450 MHz in CW mode *. Mag­netron test stands at JLab and GA have been set up to fur­ther test the noise fig­ure and the lock­ing speed of the in­jec­tion phase-lock method. For higher power ap­pli­ca­tions, power com­bin­ing ex­per­i­ments using a TM010 cav­ity-type com­biner and a magic tee for the bi­nary com­biner while using a sin­gle clean in­jec­tion sig­nal has been car­ried out at 2450 MHz. The fre­quency pulling ef­fect be­tween the mag­netron and a low-Q cav­ity has been shown to en­hance the fre­quency lock­ing band­width com­pared to the in­jec­tion phase-lock alone. The prin­ci­ple has been stud­ied by the equiv­a­lent cir­cuit sim­u­la­tion, an­a­lyt­i­cal model, and fi­nally con­firmed ex­per­i­men­tally on the mag­netrons. Due to the pan­demic delay in 2020, the equiv­a­lent high power tests using a 75kW, 915MHz in­dus­trial mag­netron will be done in 2021 and will be re­ported in a fu­ture paper.
* H. Wang, et al, Magnetron R&Ds for High-Efficiency CW RF Sources of Particle Accelerators, WEXXPLS1, proceedings of IPAC 2019, Melbourne, Australia, May 19 -24, 2019. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB348  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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TUPAB354 352-MHz Solid State RF System Development at the Advanced Photon Source cavity, controls, PLC, klystron 2335
 
  • D. Horan, D.J. Bromberek, N.P. DiMonte, A. Goel, T.J. Madden, A. Nassiri, G. Trento, G.J. Waldschmidt
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  De­vel­op­ment ef­fort is un­der­way on a 352MHz, 200kW solid state rf sys­tem in­tended as the base de­sign to re­place the ex­ist­ing kly­stron-based rf sys­tems presently in use at the Ad­vanced Pho­ton Source (APS). A six­teen-in­put, 200kW final com­bin­ing cav­ity was de­signed, built, and suc­cess­fully tested to 29kW CW in com­biner mode, and to 200kW CW in back-feed mode, where an ex­ter­nal kly­stron was used to trans­mit power into the com­bin­ing cav­ity. A four-port wave­guide com­biner was also tested in both back­feed and com­biner mode to 193kW and 26kW re­spec­tively. Slow and fast in­ter­lock sys­tems were de­signed and im­ple­mented to sup­port the test­ing process. An EPICS and Pro­gram­ma­ble Logic Con­troller (PLC)-based sys­tem was de­vel­oped to con­trol, com­mu­ni­cate with, and mon­i­tor the rf am­pli­fiers used in the com­biner-mode test, and to mon­i­tor and log sys­tem per­for­mance pa­ra­me­ters re­lat­ing to the com­bin­ing cav­ity. Low-level rf con­trol of the cav­ity in 29kW com­biner-mode op­er­a­tion was achieved using the ex­ist­ing APS ana­log low-level rf hard­ware. Test data and de­sign de­tails are pre­sented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB354  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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WEXA05 Solving for Collider Beam Profiles from Luminosity Jitter with Ghost Imaging luminosity, collider, operation, diagnostics 2524
 
  • D.F. Ratner, A. Chao
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Large ac­cel­er­a­tor fa­cil­i­ties must bal­ance the need to achieve user per­for­mance re­quire­ments while also max­i­miz­ing de­liv­ery time. At the same time, ac­cel­er­a­tors have ad­vanced data-ac­qui­si­tion sys­tems that ac­quire syn­chro­nous data at high-rate from a large va­ri­ety of di­ag­nos­tics. Here we dis­cuss the ap­pli­ca­tion of ghost-imag­ing (GI) to mea­sure beam pa­ra­me­ters, switch­ing the em­pha­sis from beam con­trol to data col­lec­tion: rather than in­ten­tion­ally ma­nip­u­lat­ing the ac­cel­er­a­tor, we in­stead pas­sively mon­i­tor jit­ter gath­ered over thou­sands to mil­lions of events to re­con­struct the tar­get of in­ter­est. Pas­sive mon­i­tor­ing dur­ing rou­tine op­er­a­tion builds large data sets that can even de­liver higher res­o­lu­tion than brief pe­ri­odic scans, and can pro­vide ex­per­i­ments with event-by-event in­for­ma­tion. In this pre­sen­ta­tion we briefly pre­sent ap­pli­ca­tions of GI to light-sources, and then dis­cuss a po­ten­tial new ap­pli­ca­tion for col­lid­ers: mea­sur­ing the trans­verse beam shapes at a col­lider’s in­ter­ac­tion point to de­ter­mine both the in­te­grated lu­mi­nos­ity and the spa­tial dis­tri­b­u­tion of col­li­sion ver­tices.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA05  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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WEPAB045 European XFEL High-Power RF System - the First 4 Years of Operation klystron, operation, FEL, electron 2708
 
  • M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, T. Grevsmühl, S. Göller, A. Hauberg, V.V. Katalev, K. Machau, V. Vogel, B. Yildirim
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  In 2016, the in­stal­la­tion of the Eu­ro­pean XFEL was com­pleted and its 26 RF sta­tions started op­er­a­tion in 2017. Each RF sta­tion con­sists of a 10 MW-1.3 GHz-multi­beam kly­stron, a HV pulse mod­u­la­tor and a wave­guide sys­tem to sup­ply the su­per­con­duct­ing cav­i­ties and the nor­mal-con­duct­ing elec­tron gun with RF power. Dur­ing com­mis­sion­ing and sub­se­quent op­er­a­tion, the RF sta­tions were closely mon­i­tored and causes of fail­ures were in­ves­ti­gated. For the op­ti­mi­sa­tion of the RF sys­tems, the var­i­ous RF sta­tion fail­ures were eval­u­ated ac­cord­ing to their im­pact on ac­cel­er­a­tor op­er­a­tion and the mea­sures to elim­i­nate them were pri­ori­tised ac­cord­ingly. This re­port de­scribes the op­er­a­tion ex­pe­ri­ence and im­prove­ments of the high-power RF sta­tions dur­ing the first 4 years of op­er­a­tion.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB045 [6.887 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB045  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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WEPAB077 High Power Terahertz Cherenkov Free Electron Laser from a Waveguide with a Thin Dielectric Layer by a Near-Relativistic Electron Beam electron, radiation, wakefield, bunching 2769
 
  • W.W. Li, T.L. He, Z.G. He, R. Huang, Q.K. Jia, S.M. Jiang, L. Wang
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705198, 11775216, 11805200) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. WK2310000082 and No. WK2310000090)
Cor­ru­gated and di­elec­tric struc­tures have been widely used for pro­duc­ing ac­cel­er­a­tor based ter­a­hertz ra­di­a­tion source. Re­cently, the novel schemes of the sub-ter­a­hertz free elec­tron laser (FEL) from a metal­lic wave­guide with cor­ru­gated walls and a nor­mal di­elec­tric loaded wave­guide dri­ven by a near-rel­a­tivis­tic (beam en­ergy of a few MeV) pi­cosec­ond elec­tron beam were stud­ied re­spec­tively. Such a beam is used for dri­ving res­o­nant modes in the wave­guide, and if the pipe is long enough, the in­ter­ac­tion of these modes with the co-prop­a­gat­ing elec­tron beam will re­sult in mi­cro-bunch­ing and the co­her­ent en­hance­ment of the wake­field ra­di­a­tion. It of­fers a promis­ing can­di­date for com­pact ac­cel­er­a­tor-based high power ter­a­hertz source which can be re­al­ized with rel­a­tively low en­ergy and low peak-cur­rent elec­tron beams. How­ever the choices of the wave­guide above is less ef­fec­tive in order to ob­tain high power with fre­quency around 1THz. In this paper, we pro­pose to use the wave­guide with a thin di­elec­tric layer in­stead, and high power ra­di­a­tion (>~10 MW) around 1 THz is ex­pected to ob­tain in the pro­posed struc­ture ac­cord­ing to the sim­u­la­tion re­sults. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB077 [1.332 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB077  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEPAB144 A New Flux Concentrator Made of Cu Alloy for the SuperKEKB Positron Source positron, operation, vacuum, target 2954
 
  • Y. Enomoto, K. Abe, N. Okada, T. Takatomi
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Flux con­cen­tra­tor (FC) is one of im­por­tant de­vice for positron source which trans­lates po­si­tion and mo­men­tum spread of the par­ti­cles adi­a­bat­i­cally to match them to the ac­cep­tance of the fol­low­ing sec­tion. To re­al­ize higher positron yield, higher mag­netic field is de­sired. How­ever, higher field by higher cur­rent gen­er­ate stronger force on the coil. Since the gap be­tween each turn of the coil is as nar­row as 0.2 mm and the volt­age across them is about as high as 1 kV at the de­sign cur­rent, slight de­for­ma­tion of the coil cause dis­charge be­tween the gap. To avoid such prob­lem, a new FC made of Cu alloy which has 40 times higher yield strength than that of pure Cu was de­signed and tested. Fi­nally, dur­ing sum­mer shut­down in 2020, the old FC made of pure Cu was re­placed by the new one made of Cu alloy in the KEK elec­tron positron in­jec­tor linac. The new one has been work­ing sta­bly at the de­sign cur­rent, 12 kA, since Oct. 2020, and positron yield of 0.5 was re­al­ized. There were no dis­charge and other trou­ble till now.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB144  
About • paper received ※ 08 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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WEPAB165 Metamaterial Waveguide HOM Loads for SRF Accelerating Cavities HOM, vacuum, cavity, SRF 2994
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
  
  Sup­pres­sion of beam in­duced HOMs is nec­es­sary for most SRF ac­cel­er­at­ing cav­i­ties dri­ven with high cur­rents. One of the prob­lems in de­sign of a HOM load is that vac­uum com­pat­i­ble ma­te­ri­als with high enough imag­i­nary part of the di­elec­tric per­mit­tiv­ity, which pro­vides ab­sorp­tion, have also a high real part of the per­mit­tiv­ity. This does not allow ab­sorb­ing RF ra­di­a­tion at short dis­tance and in broad fre­quency band. We pro­pose con­sid­er­ing ar­ti­fi­cial meta­ma­te­ri­als where be­sides lossy di­elec­tric pieces, an ab­sorber with high mag­netic per­me­abil­ity is in­cluded. In our pro­posal, we sug­gest com­pos­ing a wave­guide HOM load of a meta­ma­te­r­ial con­sisted of well-known ce­ramic and fer­rite plates placed pe­ri­od­i­cally in a stack. Such a de­sign pro­vides low re­turn losses, com­pact­ness and broad fre­quency range of the op­er­a­tion.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB165 [1.844 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB165  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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WEPAB190 DC Break Design for a 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source site, ECR, high-voltage, simulation 3064
 
  • M.S. Dmitriyev, M.V. Dyakonov, S.A. Tumanov, M.I. Zhigailova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  New 2.45 GHz Elec­tron Cy­clotron Res­o­nance Ion Source (ECRIS) is under de­vel­op­ment at NRNU MEPhI. The trans­mis­sion line is de­signed for trans­mit­ting the mi­crowave power into the ECRIS. A DC break up to 80 kV was de­signed for the elec­tri­cal in­su­la­tion be­tween the mi­crowave sup­ply sys­tem and the plasma cham­ber ap­plied to high DC volt­age. Cur­rent study con­sid­ers the in­ves­ti­ga­tion re­sults as well as the op­ti­miza­tion of nu­mer­i­cal sim­u­la­tions of the 2.45 GHz DC break with low losses and low emis­sion into the sur­round­ing space.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB190  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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WEPAB283 CERN SPS Sprinkler System: A Customized Industrial Solution for a Non-Conventional Site radiation, controls, monitoring, operation 3313
 
  • A. Suwalska, A. Arnalich, F. Deperraz, M. Munoz Codoceo, P. Ninin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Until 2018, the lim­ited fire­fight­ing means in the SPS com­plex largely ex­posed it to the con­se­quences of self-ig­ni­tion or ac­ci­den­tal fire. In 2015 the SPS Fire Safety pro­ject was launched with the ob­jec­tive of im­prov­ing life safety and prop­erty pro­tec­tion by de­ploy­ing a whole set of au­to­matic ac­tions to pro­tect SPS in case of fire out­break. If noth­ing was done, an un­man­aged fire could be a threat to lives of those work­ing un­der­ground and could mean los­ing a vast ma­jor­ity of the SPS ma­chine and its equip­ment. In 2020, CERN has com­pleted the con­sol­i­da­tion of its SPS fire safety sys­tems. Among these, a water based sprin­kler sys­tem, fol­low­ing prin­ci­ples of stan­dard in­dus­trial de­sign but cus­tomized and tai­lor-made for SPS and its ir­ra­di­ated areas, is ready to op­er­ate. The sys­tem must take into ac­count lim­i­ta­tions re­lated to the pres­ence of frag­ile ac­cel­er­a­tor equip­ment, ra­dioac­tive zones, in­te­gra­tion con­straints and com­ply with Eu­ro­pean norms, in par­tic­u­lar EN12845. This paper pre­sents the risk as­sess­ment, our ex­pe­ri­ence from the plan­ning and in­stal­la­tion phase while dis­cussing the cus­tom-cho­sen and ra­di­a­tion tested equip­ment to end up with the lessons learned and out­look for the fu­ture.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB283 [2.224 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB283  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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WEPAB287 Upgrade of the ELBE Timing System timing, operation, gun, hardware 3326
 
  • M. Kuntzsch, M. Justus, A. Schwarz, K. Zenker
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • L. Krmpotic, U. Legat, U. Rojec
    Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Ž. Oven
    COSYLAB, Control System Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  
  At the ELBE ac­cel­er­a­tor cen­ter a su­per­con­duct­ing linac is op­er­ated to drive man­i­fold sec­ondary ra­di­a­tion sources like two in­frared FELs, a positron source and a THz fa­cil­ity. The ma­chine uses two in­jec­tors as elec­tron sources that are ac­cel­er­ated in the main linac. The user ex­per­i­ments de­mand a large va­ri­ety of bunch pat­terns from sin­gle shot to macro pulsed and cw beam at up to 26 MHz rep­e­ti­tion rate. At ELBE a new tim­ing sys­tem is being de­vel­oped based on the MRF hard­ware plat­form and the MRF Tim­ing Sys­tem IOC. It uses two mas­ters and a scal­able num­ber of con­nected re­ceivers to gen­er­ate the de­sired pulse pat­terns for op­er­at­ing the ma­chine and to con­trol user ex­per­i­ments. The con­tri­bu­tion will show the ar­chi­tec­ture of the tim­ing sys­tem, the con­trol in­ter­fac­ing and per­for­mance mea­sure­ments ac­quired on the test bench.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB287  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB301 Design of an X-Band LLRF System for TEX Test Facility at LNF-INFN LLRF, cavity, klystron, insertion 3371
 
  • L. Piersanti, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, F. Cardelli, C. Di Giulio, M. Diomede, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, A. Liedl, S. Pioli, S. Quaglia, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  
  Funding: Latino is a project co-funded by Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 program
In the frame­work of LATINO pro­ject (Lab­o­ra­tory in Ad­vanced Tech­nolo­gies for IN­nO­va­tion) funded by Lazio re­gional gov­ern­ment, a TEst stand for X-band (TEX) is being com­mis­sioned at Fras­cati Na­tional Lab­o­ra­to­ries (LNF) of INFN. TEX is born as a col­lab­o­ra­tion with CERN, aimed at car­ry­ing out high power tests of X-band ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture pro­to­types and wave­guide com­po­nents, and it is of para­mount im­por­tance in view of the con­struc­tion of EuPRAXIA@​SPARC_​LAB fa­cil­ity at LNF. In order to gen­er­ate, ma­nip­u­late and mea­sure the RF pulses needed to feed the RF power unit (solid state Scan­di­Nova K400 mod­u­la­tor, CPI 50 MW 50 Hz kly­stron) an X-band low level RF sys­tem has been de­vel­oped, mak­ing use of a com­mer­cial S-band (2.856 GHz) Lib­era dig­i­tal LLRF (man­u­fac­tured by In­stru­men­ta­tion Tech­nolo­gies) with a newly de­signed up/down con­ver­sion stage and a ref­er­ence gen­er­a­tion/dis­tri­b­u­tion sys­tem, which is able to pro­duce co­her­ent ref­er­ence fre­quen­cies for the Amer­i­can S-band (2.856 GHz) and Eu­ro­pean X-band (11.994 GHz). In this paper the main fea­tures of such sys­tems will be re­viewed to­gether with pre­lim­i­nary lab­o­ra­tory mea­sure­ment re­sults. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB301  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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WEPAB305 Teeport: Break the Wall Between the Optimization Algorithms and Problems experiment, controls, real-time, monitoring 3387
 
  • Z. Zhang, X. Huang, M. Song
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DE-AC02-76SF00515 and FWP 2018-SLAC-100469 Computing Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, FWP 2018-SLAC-100469ASCR.
Op­ti­miza­tion al­go­rithms/tech­niques such as ge­netic al­go­rithm (GA), par­ti­cle swarm op­ti­miza­tion (PSO) and Gauss­ian process (GP) have been widely used in the ac­cel­er­a­tor field to tackle com­plex de­sign/on­line op­ti­miza­tion prob­lems. How­ever, con­nect­ing the al­go­rithm with the op­ti­miza­tion prob­lem can be dif­fi­cult, some­times even un­re­al­is­tic, since the al­go­rithms and prob­lems could be im­ple­mented in dif­fer­ent lan­guages, might re­quire spe­cific re­sources, or have phys­i­cal con­straints. We in­tro­duce an op­ti­miza­tion plat­form named Teeport that is de­vel­oped to ad­dress the above issue. This real-time com­mu­ni­ca­tion (RTC) based plat­form is par­tic­u­larly de­signed to min­i­mize the ef­fort of in­te­grat­ing the al­go­rithms and prob­lems. Once in­te­grated, the users are granted a rich fea­ture set, such as mon­i­tor­ing, con­trol­ling, and bench­mark­ing. Some real-life ap­pli­ca­tions of the plat­form are also dis­cussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB305  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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WEPAB314 TEX - an X-Band Test Facility at INFN-LNF controls, klystron, LLRF, framework 3406
 
  • S. Pioli, D. Alesini, F.A. Anelli, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, F. Cardelli, G. Catuscelli, R. Ceccarelli, A. Cecchinelli, F. Chiarelli, P. Ciuffetti, R. Clementi, C. Di Giulio, E. Di Pasquale, G. Di Raddo, M. Diomede, A. Esposito, L. Faillace, A. Falone, G. Franzini, A. Gallo, S. Incremona, A. Liedl, D. Pellegrini, G. Piermarini, L. Piersanti, S. Quaglia, R. Ricci, L. Sabbatini, M. Scampati, G. Scarselletta, A. Stella, R. Zarlenga
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  
  Funding: The LATINO project is co-funded by the Regione Lazio within POR-FESR 2014-2020 European activities (public call "Open Research Infrastructures").
We re­port the sta­tus of the de­vel­op­ment of an High Power RF Lab­o­ra­tory in X-Band called TEX (TEst-stand for X-Band). TEX is part of the LATINO (Lab­o­ra­tory in Ad­vanced Tech­nolo­gies for IN­nO­va­tion) ini­tia­tive that is on­go­ing at the Fras­cati Na­tional Lab­o­ra­to­ries (LNF) of the Ital­ian In­sti­tute for Nu­clear Physics (INFN) that cov­ers many dif­fer­ent areas fo­cused on par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tor tech­nolo­gies. TEX is a RF test fa­cil­ity based on solid-state K400 mod­u­la­tor from Scan­di­Nova with a 50MW class X-band (11.996 GHz) kly­stron tube model vkx 8311a op­er­at­ing at 50 Hz. This RF source will op­er­ate as re­source for test and re­search pro­grams such as the RF break­down on RF wave­guide com­po­nents as well as high power test­ing of ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures for fu­ture high gra­di­ent lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor such as Eu­PRAXIA and CLIC. The high power test­ing will be per­formed in a ded­i­cated brand-new bunker that has been re­cently built. RF sys­tem, vac­uum con­trols and safety equip­ments are cur­rently being in­stalled. The first ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­ture test­ing is sched­uled by be­gin­ning 2022. In this doc­u­ment de­sign and tests for all the sub-sys­tems of the fa­cil­ity will be pre­sented and dis­cussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB314  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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WEPAB349 Design of a Circular Waveguide TM01 Mode Launcher with Wire Loop Feed coupling, experiment, detector, simulation 3517
 
  • A. Chittora
    BITS Pilani, Sancoale, India
  
  In Ac­cel­er­a­tor tech­nol­ogy, RF power cou­plers are im­por­tant com­po­nent to cou­ple RF sig­nal to trav­el­ling wave struc­ture. Cir­cu­lar wave­guide TM01 mode is one of the sym­met­ric modes, that is suit­able to use for RF cou­pling. TM01 mode launcher is used as an RF cou­pler in Ac­cel­er­a­tor tech­nol­ogy*. De­sign of a com­pact cir­cu­lar wave­guide TM01 mode-launcher is pre­sented in this paper. The de­sign is based on the prin­ci­ple of mag­netic field cou­pling be­tween a wire loop and TM01 mode of cir­cu­lar wave­guide. The mode launcher ex­hibits high ef­fi­ciency and 3.1% band­width at 3.2 GHz fre­quency with both cir­cu­lar and el­lip­ti­cal loop. Per­for­mance of the mode launcher is ex­per­i­men­tally ver­i­fied and sim­u­lated S-pa­ra­me­ters agree with the mea­sured re­sults. The mode launcher is of com­pact size and is suit­able for ef­fi­cient ex­ci­ta­tion of TM01 mode in cir­cu­lar wave­guide and trav­el­ling wave struc­tures. The launcher is also use­ful for cold test­ing of high power mi­crowave an­ten­nas and Radars.
* M. Forno, "Design of a high power TM01 mode launcher optimized for manufacturing by milling." 2016.
 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB349 [1.135 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB349  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB371 Numerical Analysis on Nitrogen Injection Fire Extinguishing System in the LINAC Area at TPS simulation, linac, injection, gun 3578
 
  • J.-C. Chang, W.S. Chan, Y.F. Chiu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  The Lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor (LINAC) of Tai­wan Pho­ton Source (TPS) could gen­er­ate elec­trons to 150 MeV. The main sub­sys­tems in­clud­ing an elec­tron gun, buncher, ac­cel­er­at­ing sec­tions, vac­uum sys­tem, and fo­cus­ing and steer­ing mag­nets are lo­cated in the LINAC area of 223.5 m2 and 3 m in height. We de­signed a ni­tro­gen in­jec­tion fire ex­tin­guish­ing sys­tem for the LINAC area and per­formed Com­pu­ta­tional Fluid Dy­namic (CFD) sim­u­la­tion to analyse the fire ex­tin­guish­ing per­for­mance with and with­out fresh air sup­plied from the air con­di­tion­ing sys­tem.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB371  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB374 The Southern Hemisphere’s First X-Band Radio-Frequency Test Facility at the University of Melbourne electron, klystron, gun, network 3588
 
  • M. Volpi, R.P. Rassool, S.L. Sheehy, G. Taylor, S.D. Williams
    The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • M.J. Boland
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  • M.J. Boland
    University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
  • N. Catalán Lasheras, S. Gonzalez Anton, G. McMonagle, S. Stapnes, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • R.T. Dowd, K. Zingre
    AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
  
  The first South­ern Hemi­sphere X-band Lab­o­ra­tory for Ac­cel­er­a­tors and Beams (X-LAB) is under con­struc­tion at the Uni­ver­sity of Mel­bourne, and it will op­er­ate CERN X-band test stand con­tain­ing two 12GHz 6MW kly­stron am­pli­fiers. By power com­bi­na­tion through hy­brid cou­plers and the use of pulse com­pres­sors, up to 50 MW of peak power can be sent to any of 2 test slots at pulse rep­e­ti­tion rates up to 400 Hz. The test stand is ded­i­cated to RF con­di­tion­ing and test­ing CLIC’s high gra­di­ent ac­cel­er­at­ing struc­tures be­yond 100 MV/m. It will also form the basis for de­vel­op­ing a com­pact ac­cel­er­a­tor for med­ical ap­pli­ca­tions, such as ra­dio­ther­apy and com­pact light sources. Aus­tralian re­searchers work­ing as part of a col­lab­o­ra­tion be­tween the Uni­ver­sity of Mel­bourne, in­ter­na­tional uni­ver­si­ties, na­tional in­dus­tries, the Aus­tralian Syn­chro­tron -ANSTO, Cana­dian Light Source and the CERN be­lieve that cre­at­ing a lab­o­ra­tory for novel ac­cel­er­a­tor re­search in Aus­tralia could drive tech­no­log­i­cal and med­ical in­no­va­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB374  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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WEPAB398 A C-Band RF Mode Launcher with Quadrupole Field Components Cancellation for High Brightness Applications quadrupole, network, brightness, linac 3638
 
  • G. Pedrocchi
    SBAI, Roma, Italy
  • D. Alesini, F. Cardelli, A. Gallo, A. Giribono, B. Spataro
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • G. Castorina
    AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • L. Ficcadenti
    INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
  • M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  
  The R&D of high gra­di­ent ra­diofre­quency de­vices is aimed to de­velop in­no­v­a­tive and com­pact ac­cel­er­at­ing stuc­tures based on new man­u­fac­tor­ing tech­niques and ma­te­ri­als in order to pro­duce de­vices op­er­at­ing with the high­est ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent. Re­cent stud­ies have shown a large in­crease in the max­i­mum sus­tained RF sur­face elec­tric fields in cop­per struc­ture op­er­at­ing at cryo­genic tem­per­a­ture. These novel ap­proaches allow sig­nif­i­cant per­for­mance im­prove­ments of RF pho­toin­jec­tors. In­deed the op­er­a­tion at high sur­face fields re­sults in con­sid­er­able in­crease of elec­tron bril­liance. This re­quires high field qual­ity in the RF pho­toin­jec­tor and specif­i­cally in its poweer cou­pler. In this work we pre­sent a novel power cou­pler for the RF pho­toin­jec­tor. The cou­pler is a com­pact C-band TM01 mode launcher with a four­fold sym­me­try which min­i­mized both the di­pole and the quadru­pole RF field com­po­nents.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB398 [1.799 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB398  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEPAB402 Status and Progress of the High-Power RF System for High Energy Photon Source cavity, booster, photon, storage-ring 3653
 
  • T.M. Huang, J. Li, H.Y. Lin, Y.L. Luo, Q. Ma, W.M. Pan, P. Zhang, F.C. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work was supported in part by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China, and in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12075263).
High En­ergy Pho­ton Source is a 6-GeV dif­frac­tion-lim­ited syn­chro­tron light source cur­rently under con­struc­tion in Bei­jing. Three types of high-power RF sys­tems are used to drive the booster and the stor­age ring. For the booster ring, a total of 600-kW con­tin­u­ous-wave (CW) RF power is gen­er­ated by six 500-MHz solid-state power am­pli­fiers (SSA) and fed into six nor­mal-con­duct­ing cop­per cav­i­ties. Con­cern­ing the stor­age ring, five CW 260-kW SSAs at 166 MHz and two CW 260-kW SSAs at 500-MHz are used to drive five fun­da­men­tal and two third-har­monic su­per­con­duct­ing cav­i­ties re­spec­tively. The RF power dis­tri­b­u­tions are re­al­ized by 9-3/16" rigid coax­ial line for the 166-MHz sys­tem and EIA stan­dard WR1800 wave­guide for the 500-MHz one. High-power cir­cu­la­tors and loads are in­stalled at the out­puts of all SSAs to fur­ther pro­tect the power trans­mit­ters from dam­ages due to re­flected power al­though each am­pli­fier mod­ule is equipped with in­di­vid­ual iso­la­tors. The over­all sys­tem lay­out and the progress of the main com­po­nents are pre­sented in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB402  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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THPAB077 Magnetic Shims Studies for APS-U Hybrid Permanent Magnet Undulators undulator, multipole, simulation, quadrupole 3941
 
  • Y. Piao, R.J. Dejus, M.F. Qian, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357
For the newly de­signed and fab­ri­cated APS Up­grade (APS-U) hy­brid per­ma­nent mag­net un­du­la­tors (HPMUs), the de­vel­op­ment of mag­netic shims has been crit­i­cal to suc­cess­fully tun­ing the un­du­la­tors to meet the tight APS-U physics re­quire­ments. Dif­fer­ent types of side and sur­face shims have been de­vel­oped and ap­plied for this pur­pose. The side shims are pri­mar­ily used for tra­jec­tory tun­ing, and the sur­face shims are for phase and mul­ti­pole tun­ing as well as tra­jec­tory tun­ing. Cur­rent de­sign, ap­pli­ca­tions, and mea­sure­ment of the shims for the newly de­signed and fab­ri­cated APS28 (28 mm pe­riod) un­du­la­tors are pre­sented in this paper. 		 
poster icon Poster THPAB077 [0.531 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB077  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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THPAB081 High-Power Prototype Canon Coupler for APS-U Booster Cavities cavity, booster, coupling, injection 3956
 
  • G.J. Waldschmidt, D.J. Bromberek, D. Horan, G. Trento, U. Wienands
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • T. Harada, H. Oikawa, H. Takahashi
    CETD, Tochigi, Japan
  
  The Ad­vanced Pho­ton Source Up­grade (APS-U) plans to achieve a beam cap­ture ef­fi­ciency above 90% at 17 nC bunch charge into the Booster. Due to large beam load­ing at in­jec­tion, the 352-MHz Booster cav­i­ties will be sig­nif­i­cantly de­tuned ne­ces­si­tat­ing ef­fec­tive-power han­dling much greater than the 100kW ef­fec­tive power rat­ing of the pre­sent cou­pler. Canon Elec­tron Tubes & De­vices Co., Ltd. (CETD) has de­signed and built a com­pact cou­pler for the APS-U Booster using a high-power ce­ramic disk win­dow de­sign in ad­di­tion to ac­com­mo­dat­ing sig­nif­i­cant space re­stric­tions and ad­di­tional di­ag­nos­tics and cool­ing re­quire­ments. The cou­pler de­sign was mod­i­fied from an ex­ist­ing 500MHz, 800kW cou­pler that has been in rou­tine op­er­a­tion at KEKB. The APS-U cou­pler has been in­stalled and tested in the high-power 352-MHz test stand at the APS. The de­tails of the de­sign and test­ing of the pro­to­type cou­pler will be re­ported in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB081  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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THPAB147 Preliminary Study of 500 MHz HOM-Free RF Cavity cavity, HOM, coupling, damping 4050
 
  • Zh.X. Tang
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. U1832135 and 11805199)}
In this paper, we study the mi­crowave char­ac­ter­is­tics of 500 MHz RF cav­ity, in­clud­ing the op­ti­miza­tion of cav­ity struc­ture, the sim­u­la­tion de­sign of high-or­der mode (HOM) ab­sorp­tion struc­ture and the de­sign of cou­pler. The cav­ity struc­ture is sim­u­lated by CST. The ab­sorp­tion wave­guide is de­signed and op­ti­mized. The cou­pler is de­signed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB147  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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THPAB210 Extrapolated Range for Low Energy Electrons (< 1 keV) electron, simulation, experiment, multipactoring 4201
 
  • C. Inguimbert, M.B. Belhaj, Q. Gibaru
    ONERA, Toulouse, France
  • Q. Gibaru, D. Lambert, M. Raine
    CEA, Arpajon, France
  • Q. Gibaru
    CNES, PARIS, France
  
  Funding: ONERA- DPHY, 2 avenue E. Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France CNES, 18 av. E. Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France
The Sec­ondary Elec­tron Emis­sion (SEE) process plays an im­por­tant role in the per­for­mance of var­i­ous de­vices. Mit­i­gat­ing the mul­ti­pactor phe­nom­e­non that may occur in ra­dio-fre­quency com­po­nents is a con­cern in many fields such as space tech­nolo­gies or elec­tron mi­croscopy. SEE is also a con­cern in the ac­cel­er­a­tor physics com­mu­nity, where the beam lines sta­bil­ity can strongly be af­fected by this phe­nom­e­non*,**. In that scope, the es­caped depth and thus the range of emit­ted elec­trons is of great in­ter­est. Our goal, by means of sim­u­la­tions is to pro­vide a bet­ter knowl­edge of SEE. We have de­vel­oped a Monte Carlo elec­tron trans­port code for low en­ergy elec­trons [~eV, ~10keV], that is part of the Dec. 2020 re­lease of GEANT4***. It has been used to study the prac­ti­cal range of low en­ergy elec­trons. Our goal is to for­mu­late, below ~10 keV, an an­a­lytic range vs. en­ergy ex­pres­sion, and to re­late it to fun­da­men­tal physcial pa­ra­me­ters such as the mean free paths of elec­trons in mat­ter. The goal is to pro­vide sim­ple prac­ti­cal ex­trap­o­lated range for­mula that can help to un­der­stand SEE phe­nom­e­non.
* M. Mostajeran et al. J. of Instr. 5 (2010)
** C. Y. Vallgren et al. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beam 14 (2011)
*** Q. Gibaru et al. Nuc. Inst. And Met. 487 (2021)
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB210  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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THPAB211 Monte Carlo Simulation of 3D Surface Morphologies for Secondary Electron Emission Reduction electron, simulation, multipactoring, experiment 4204
 
  • Q. Gibaru, M.B. Belhaj, C. Inguimbert
    ONERA, Toulouse, France
  • Q. Gibaru, D. Lambert, M. Raine
    CEA, Arpajon, France
  • Q. Gibaru
    CNES, PARIS, France
  
  Low en­ergy elec­trons of few tens of eV may cause Mul­ti­pactor break­downs in wave­guides dri­ven by the Sec­ondary Elec­tron Emis­sion Yield (SEY) of the walls. This risk is low­ered by using low emis­sive sur­faces and this topic has been stud­ied ex­per­i­men­tally and with nu­mer­i­cal sim­u­la­tions. The de­pen­dence of the SEY on sur­face prop­er­ties is well known*. Sur­face mor­phol­ogy has been widely used to re­duce the SEY by form­ing rough­ness pat­terns on the sur­face**. All pat­terns do not have the same ef­fi­ciency so their analy­sis in terms of SEY is rel­e­vant. Monte-Carlo sim­u­la­tion codes can be used to study the processes be­hind the SEY. The Mi­cro­Elec mod­ule of GEANT4 has re­cently been ex­tended with more ma­te­ri­als and processes and val­i­dated with ex­per­i­men­tal data for SEY cal­cu­la­tions**. In this work, sim­u­la­tion re­sults are shown for a bulk sam­ple capped with dif­fer­ent rough­ness pat­terns. The ef­fects of the shape pa­ra­me­ters on the SEY are stud­ied for typ­i­cal di­men­sions be­tween 20 µm and 100 µm. The re­sults are checked with ex­per­i­men­tal SEY mea­sure­ments on sam­ples with sim­i­lar rough­ness pat­terns.
*:T Gineste et al, Appl Surf Sci 359 (2015) 398-404
**:J Pierron et al, J Appl Phys 124 (2018) 095101
***:Q. Gibaru, C. Inguimbert, P. Caron, M. Raine, D. Lambert, J. Puech, NIM B. 487 (2021) 66-77 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB211  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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THPAB223 Energy Compression System Radio Frequency Design at the Canadian Light Source linac, impedance, simulation, RF-structure 4231
 
  • E.J. Ericson, D. Bertwistle, M.J. Boland
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  
  The Cana­dian Light Source (CLS), Canada’s only syn­chro­tron light source, is con­sid­er­ing a lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor (LINAC) up­grade. As a re­sult, the radio fre­quency (RF) struc­ture in the down­stream En­ergy Com­pres­sion Sys­tem (ECS) needs to be re­designed. In this paper, we de­scribe the de­sign process fol­lowed to de­ter­mine the geom­e­try of the RF struc­ture cells and cou­pler.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB223  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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THPAB296 The Spallation Neutron Source Normal Conducting Linac RF System Design for the Proton Power Upgrade Project DTL, cavity, klystron, linac 4383
 
  • J.S. Moss, M.T. Crofford, S.W. Lee, G.D. Toby
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • M.E. Middendorf
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The Pro­ton Power Up­grade (PPU) pro­ject at the Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source will dou­ble the avail­able pro­ton beam power from 1.4 to 2.8 MW by in­creas­ing the beam en­ergy from 1.0 to 1.3 GeV and the beam cur­rent from 26 to 38 mA. The in­crease in beam cur­rent re­sulted in the need to re­design the ex­ist­ing nor­mal con­duct­ing linac (NCL) RF Sys­tems. High-power test­ing of the ex­ist­ing NCL RF Sys­tems con­fig­ured to ac­cel­er­ate PPU-level beam pro­vided the data used to make the final de­sign de­ci­sions. This paper de­scribes the de­vel­op­ment and ex­e­cu­tion of those in-situ tests and the sub­se­quent re­sults. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB296  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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THPAB300 Structure Design and Motion Analysis of 6-DOF Sample Positioning Platform controls, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, synchrotron 4387
 
  • G.Y. Wang, J.X. Chen, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Kang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  with the de­vel­op­ment of syn­chro­tron ra­di­a­tion (SR) light source tech­nol­ogy, in order to meet the re­quire­ments of sam­ple po­si­tion­ing plat­form of some beam­line sta­tions, such as ad­just­ing res­o­lu­tion at the nanome­ter level and hav­ing larger sam­ple scan­ning dis­tance, a six de­gree of free­dom po­si­tion­ing plat­form based on space­fab struc­ture was de­vel­oped. The key tech­nolo­gies such as co­or­di­nate pa­ra­me­ter trans­for­ma­tion, kine­mat­ics analy­sis, and ad­just­ment de­cou­pling al­go­rithm of 6-DOF pose ad­just­ment sys­tem of Space­FAB po­si­tion­ing plat­form are mainly stud­ied. A 6-DOF plat­form dri­ven by a step­ping motor is de­signed and man­u­fac­tured. The con­trol sys­tem of the 6-DOF Plat­form Based on bus con­trol is de­vel­oped, and the ad­just­ment ac­cu­racy is tested. The re­peated po­si­tion­ing ac­cu­racy of the plat­form in three di­rec­tions is 0.019 mm, and that of ro­ta­tion is 0.011 ° in three di­rec­tions. The test re­sults ver­ify the cor­rect­ness of the the­o­ret­i­cal analy­sis of Space­FAB struc­ture and the ra­tio­nal­ity of mech­a­nism de­sign. The re­search on the plat­form mo­tion al­go­rithm and con­trol sys­tem has im­por­tant ref­er­ence value for the fol­low-up re­search of large stroke nano-6-dof po­si­tion­ing plat­form.  
poster icon Poster THPAB300 [1.517 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB300  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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THPAB332 Development of a Pair of 182 GHz Two-Half Power Extractor and Accelerator for Short Pulse RF Breakdown Study acceleration, electron, wakefield, alignment 4435
 
  • J.H. Shao, J.G. Power
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • R.B. Agustsson, S.V. Kutsaev, A.Yu. Smirnov
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  
  High-fre­quency struc­tures are fa­vor­able in struc­ture wake­field ac­cel­er­a­tion for their strong beam-struc­ture in­ter­ac­tion. Re­cent progress of ad­vanced fab­ri­ca­tion tech­nolo­gies, such as high-pre­ci­sion two-half milling and ad­di­tive ma­chin­ing, has en­abled ex­per­i­men­tal re­search of mm-wave/THz struc­tures. In this work, we have de­signed a pair of 182 GHz two-half cop­per power ex­trac­tor and ac­cel­er­a­tor for short pulse RF break­down study. When dri­ven by a 182 GHz 4-bunch train with 4 nC total charge and 0.3 mm rms bunch length, the power ex­trac­tor will gen­er­ate 0.4 ns ~8 MW RF pulses and the cor­re­spond­ing gra­di­ent in the sin­gle-cell ac­cel­er­a­tor will reach ~460 MV/m. RF and me­chan­i­cal de­sign of the proof-of-con­cept struc­tures will be re­ported in this man­u­script.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB332  
About • paper received ※ 26 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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THPAB335 Optical Phase Space Mapping Using a Digital Micro-Mirror Device experiment, radiation, optics, controls 4439
 
  • M. Vujanovic, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • A.L. Kippax
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This project has received funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Op­ti­cal tran­si­tion ra­di­a­tion (OTR) is rou­tinely used to mea­sure trans­verse beam size, di­ver­gence , and emit­tance of charged par­ti­cle beams. Pre­sented here is an ex­per­i­men­tal method, which uses mi­cro-mir­ror de­vice (DMD) to con­duct op­ti­cal phase space map­ping (OPSM). OPSM will be a next step and sig­nif­i­cant en­hance­ment of the mea­sure­ments ca­pa­bil­i­ties of an adap­tive op­tics-based beam char­ac­ter­i­za­tion sys­tem. For this mea­sure­ments, a DMD will be used to gen­er­ate a re­flec­tive mask that repli­cates the dou­ble slit. Since the DMD makes it pos­si­ble to eas­ily change the size, shape and po­si­tion of the mask, the use of the DMD will greatly sim­plify OPSM and make it more flex­i­ble, faster and more use­ful for di­ag­nos­tics ap­pli­ca­tions. The process can be au­to­mated and in­te­grated into a con­trol sys­tem that can be used to op­ti­mize the beam trans­port. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB335  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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FRXC05 Gas Jet In-Vivo Dosimetry for Particle Beam Therapy operation, diagnostics, proton, cyclotron 4548
 
  • J. Wolfenden, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Med­ical ap­pli­ca­tions of charged par­ti­cle beams re­quire a full on­line char­ac­ter­i­sa­tion of the beam to en­sure pa­tient safety, treat­ment ef­fi­cacy, and fa­cil­ity ef­fi­ciency. In-vivo dosime­try, mea­sure­ment of de­liv­ered dose dur­ing treat­ment, is a sig­nif­i­cant part of this char­ac­ter­i­sa­tion. Cur­rent meth­ods offer lim­ited in­for­ma­tion or are in­va­sive to the beam, mean­ing mea­sure­ments must be done of­fline. This con­tri­bu­tion pre­sents the de­vel­op­ment of a non-in­va­sive gas jet in-vivo dosime­ter for treat­ment fa­cil­i­ties. The tech­nique is based on the in­ter­ac­tion be­tween a par­ti­cle beam and a su­per­sonic gas jet cur­tain, which was orig­i­nally de­vel­oped for the high lu­mi­nos­ity up­grade of the large hadron col­lider (HL-LHC). To demon­strate the med­ical ap­pli­ca­tion of this tech­nique, an ex­ist­ing HL-LHC test sys­tem with minor mod­i­fi­ca­tions will be in­stalled at the Uni­ver­sity of Birm­ing­ham’s 35 MeV pro­ton cy­clotron, which has prop­er­ties com­pa­ra­ble to that of a treat­ment beam. This con­tri­bu­tion pre­sents the de­sign and de­vel­op­ment of this test setup, plans for ini­tial bench­mark­ing mea­sure­ments, and plans for a fu­ture op­ti­mised med­ical ac­cel­er­a­tor gas jet in-vivo dosime­ter. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXC05  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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