Keyword: injection
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MOXA01 Commissioning and Restart of ESRF-EBS SRF, lattice, storage-ring, MMI 1
 
  • S.M. White, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, J. Chavanne, L. Farvacque, L. Hardy, J. Jacob, G. Le Bec, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, Q. Qin, P. Raimondi, J.-L. Revol, K.B. Scheidt
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  The ESRF operates a 6 GeV 4th generation light source, the ESRF-EBS. This storage ring is the first to implement the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat lattice (HMBA). The HMBA lattice provides a reduction of the horizontal emittance of approximately a factor 30 with respect to the former Double Bend Achromat (DBA) structure, considerably improving the brilliance and transverse coherence of the ESRF accelerator complex while maintaining large horizontal acceptance and excellent lifetime performance. In this report, the characteristics of the HMBA lattice will be reviewed and the beam commissioning results and first operation experience of the new ESRF storage ring will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXA01  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 August 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOXA02 Status of the APS-U Project emittance, lattice, storage-ring, photon 7
 
  • R.O. Hettel
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sci- ence, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project at the Argonne National Laboratory will re-place the existing 7-GeV, 1.1-km circumference dou-ble bend storage ring lattice with a new 6-GeV hybrid 7BA lattice that will reduce horizontal electron emit-tance from 3 nm-rad to 42 pm-rad, including IBS ef-fects for 200-mA operation. With new optimized per-manent magnet and superconducting undulators, an increase in spectral brightness of two to three orders of magnitude in the 10-100 keV X-ray energy range will be realized. The project includes nine new high performance beamlines and fifteen enhanced beam-lines that will exploit the high brightness and coher-ence of the new facility. The project is in full swing, more than 50% complete by cost, and is on schedule for first beam sometime in mid-2024, a slip of 10 months from the original schedule due to the impact of COVID-19. Project status, challenges and outstanding issues will be discussed in this article. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXA02  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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MOXA03 Sirius Commissioning Results and Operation Status MMI, storage-ring, alignment, operation 13
 
  • L. Liu, M.B. Alves, A.C.S. Oliveira, X.R. Resende, F.H. de Sá
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
  
  Sirius is a 4th generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source that has just finalized the first commissioning phase at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) campus in Campinas, Brazil. This paper describes the main Accelerator Physics issues faced during the storage ring commissioning, methods that were used to work them out and the current operation status of the machine.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXA03  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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MOPAB017 Influence of Injection Kicker Post-pulses on Storage of Ion Stack in NICA Collider kicker, electron, collider, betatron 93
 
  • E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov, N.O. Zagibin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  The peculiarity of the injection kicker power supply in NICA collider is related to same post pulse of the magnetic field which is appeared after a regular injection pulse. The magnetic field of this post pulse became to an increase of the stack ion angle spread during each injection cycle. When the stack ion angles reaches the acceptance angle the ions are lost in the collider. Influence of the injection kicker post pulse on the storage of the ion stack is considered in this paper in presence of the electron cooling and ion electron recombination losses.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB017  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB020 Improvements to the SLS Booster Synchrotron Performance Towards SLS 2.0 booster, emittance, sextupole, coupling 103
 
  • J. Kallestrup, M. Aiba
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The Swiss Light Source (SLS) storage ring will undergo a major upgrade to a multi-bend achromat lattice. The existing injector complex will be reused with few modifications. However, the SLS booster synchrotron has not been studied since the initial commissioning in years 2000-2001. We plan to apply an emittance exchange in the booster to lower the horizontal emittance, which is a critial parameter for the injection. Here, we present improvements to the SLS booster as a preparation for SLS 2.0 upgrade project. The vertical beam size is decreased by 50\% by the use of vertical orbit correctors without beam position monitors, leading also to suppression of vertical dispersion and a factor 10 reduction of the transverse coupling coefficient. The emittance exchange reflected these improvements in the horizontal emittance, achieving a factor of 9-10 reduction. Lastly, a fast head-tail instability limiting the injection rate into the storage ring is discovered and subsequently suppressed by correcting the chromaticities.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB020 [0.380 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB020  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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MOPAB025 First Experiments with Accelerated Ion Beams in the Booster of NICA Accelerator Complex booster, power-supply, electron, heavy-ion 123
 
  • A.V. Butenko, V. Andreev, A.M. Bazanov, O.I. Brovko, D.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, I.V. Gorelyshev, A.V. Konstantinov, S.A. Kostromin, O.S. Kozlov, K.A. Levterov, A. Nesterov, A.V. Philippov, D.O. Ponkin, G.S. Sedykh, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov, V. Volkov
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • N.N. Agapov, A.V. Alfeev, A.A. Baldin, A.A. Fateev, A.R. Galimov, B.V. Golovenskiy, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A. Kirichenko, A.G. Kobets, S.A. Korovkin, V. Kosachev, A.D. Kovalenko, G. Kunchenko, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V.A. Monchinsky, D. Nikiforov, R.V. Pivin, S. Romanov, A.A. Shurygin, A.I. Sidorov, A.N. Svidetelev, G.V. Trubnikov, B. Vasilishin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • G.A. Fatkin
    Cosylab Siberia, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The NICA accelerator complex in JINR consist of two linear injector chains, a 578 MeV/u superconducting (SC) Booster synchrotron, the existing SC synchrotron Nuclotron, and a new SC collider that has two storage rings. The construction of the facility is based on the Nuclotron technology of SC magnets with an iron yoke and hollow SC cable. Assembly of the Booster synchrotron was finished in autumn of 2020 and first machine Run and experiments with ion beams were successfully done in December 2020. The results of this Run are discussed in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB025  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 September 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB026 RHIC Delayed Abort Experiments experiment, kicker, quadrupole, dipole 126
 
  • M. Valette, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, K.M. Hartmann, G. Heppner, K. Mernick, C. Mi, J.-L. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, J. Morris, F. Orsatti, E. Rydout, T. Samms, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, T.C. Shrey, C. Theisen
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
For RHIC to operate at its top energy (100 GeV/n) while protecting the future sPHENIX detector, spontaneous and asynchronous firing of abort kicker modules (pre-fires) have to be avoided. A new triggering circuit for the abort kickers was implemented with relatively slow mechanical relays in series with the standard fast thyratron tubes. The relays prevents unwanted pre-fires during operation, but comes at the expense of a long latency - about 7 milliseconds - between the removal of beam permit and the actual firing of the abort kickers. Protection considerations of RHIC’s superconducting magnets forbid delaying energy extraction from the main dipoles and quadrupoles for too long after a quench. The beam has thus to circulate in both RHIc rings for a few milliseconds as the current in dipole and quadrupole circuit is being extracted. We present the results of delayed abort experiments conducted in July 2018 with the analysis of fast orbit and tune measurements and discuss the safety implications of this implementation for future RHIC operation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB026  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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MOPAB032 Estimates of Collective Effects for the FCC-e+e− Pre-Booster Ring impedance, electron, emittance, collective-effects 148
 
  • O. Etisken, F. Antoniou, K. Oide, Y. Papaphilippou, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A.K. Çiftçi
    Izmir University of Economics, Balçova/Izmir, Turkey
  
  The FCC-e+e− injector complex needs to produce and to transport high-intensity e+ and e- beams at a fast repetition rate for topping up the collider at its collision energy. Two different options are under consideration as pre-accelerator before the bunches are transferred to the high-energy booster: either using the existing SPS machine or designing a completely new ring. The purpose of this paper is to present the studies of collective effects with analytical estimates for both the pre-booster ring design options including space charge (SC), longitudinal micro-wave instability (LMI), transverse mode coupling instability (TMCI), ion effects, electron cloud (e-cloud), coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR), and intra-beam scattering (IBS).  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB032  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB044 Gas Bremsstrahlung Measurements in the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring photon, radiation, operation, detector 193
 
  • J.C. Dooling, A.R. Brill, J.R. Calvey
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. D.O.E.,Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02- 06CH11357.
In the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade storage ring (SR), small-aperture vacuum chambers provide limited conductance for pumping. Non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings will be used in the SR to support the vacuum. Ion pumps and cold-cathode gauges are typically located away from the vacuum chamber transporting the beam. Measuring gas bremsstrahlung (GB) photons in low-conductance chambers provides a method to determine the pressure at the beam location. We report on GB measurements made in the ID-25 beamline. A Pb:Glass calorimeter radiator generates Cherenkov radiation when high-energy photons cause pair-production within the glass. A photomultiplier tube converts the light pulses to electrical signals. Data was obtained during normal machine operations starting in January 2020. Data collection was facilitated using a 4-channel ITech Beam Loss Monitor FPGA that allows for control of thresholds and attenuation settings in both counting and pulse-height acquisition modes. Count rates and spectra were recorded for the three primary fill patterns typically used during SR operations as well as during gas injection experiments; results of these measurements will be presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB044  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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MOPAB045 Measurements and Simulations of High Charge Beam in the APS Booster booster, simulation, cavity, extraction 197
 
  • J.R. Calvey, J.C. Dooling, K.C. Harkay, K.P. Wootton, C. Yao
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  For the APS-Upgrade, swap-out injection will require the booster to support up to 17 nC bunch charge, several times what is used in the present APS. Booster injection efficiency drops sharply at high charge, and is the present bottleneck limiting high charge transport through the injectors. Particle tracking simulations have been used to understand what causes are limiting the injection efficiency, and to guide plans for improving it. In particular, bunch length blowup in the injected beam and beam loading in the RF cavities have been identified as the biggest factors. Simulations and measurements have also been done to characterize beam properties along the booster energy ramp. So far, a bunch charge of 12 nC has been successfully extracted from the booster.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB045  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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MOPAB046 Plan for Operating the APS-Upgrade Booster with a Frequency Sweep booster, extraction, cavity, emittance 201
 
  • J.R. Calvey, T.G. Berenc, A.R. Brill, L. Emery, T. Fors, K.C. Harkay, T.J. Madden, N. Sereno, U. Wienands
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • A. Gu
    UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The APS-Upgrade presents several challenging demands to the booster synchrotron. Swap-out injection requires the booster to capture a high charge bunch (up to 17 nC), accelerate it to 6 GeV, and maintain a low emittance at extraction for injection into the storage ring. To accommodate these conflicting demands, the RF frequency will be ramped between injection and extraction. However, the RF cavity tuners will remain static, which means the couplers will need to withstand a high reflected power at extraction. This paper presents a plan for a system that will meet the requirements for injection efficiency, extracted emittance, and equivalent power at the coupler. Results from tracking simulations and beam studies with a frequency ramp will also be shown.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB046  
About • paper received ※ 28 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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MOPAB051 Operation of the ESRF Booster with the New EBS Storage Ring emittance, booster, SRF, operation 221
 
  • N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  The Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) has replaced the old ESRF Storage Ring (SR) during the 2019 one-year shutdown. The injector chain, composed of a Linac, a booster synchrotron, and two transfer lines, was not replaced. Nevertheless, some major hardware upgrades were anticipated prior to the long shutdown to ensure its long-term reliability. The shutdown interventions focused on reducing the machine circumference to cope with the new RF frequency of the SR. The status of the upgraded booster will be presented with a focus on the strategy used to lower horizontal emittance especially via emittance exchange.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB051  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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MOPAB052 Study of Beam Transmission Efficiency in Injection and Ramping Process of the HEPS Booster lattice, booster, simulation, storage-ring 225
 
  • Y.M. Peng, Z. Duan, Y. Jiao, C. Meng
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A high-bunch-charge mode, with a bunch charge of approximately 14.4 nC at 200 mA, has been proposed for the storage ring of High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). In order to reduce the bunch charge requirement to the injector, high-energy accumulation in the HEPS booster is proposed to combine with the on-axis swap-out injection. This allows reducing the requirement of bunch charge accelerated in HEPS booster (500 MeV-6 GeV) from over 14.4 nC to about 5 nC. It is expected that the overall transmission efficiency during the low energy injection and ramping process of the booster should be higher than 80% to fulfill the requirement. In this paper, we present the simulation results of transmission efficiency and potential improvement measures.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB052 [0.362 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB052  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB053 Progress of Lattice Design and Physics Studies on the High Energy Photon Source lattice, storage-ring, booster, impedance 229
 
  • Y. Jiao, Y. Bai, X. Cui, C.C. Du, Z. Duan, Y.Y. Guo, P. He, X.Y. Huang, D. Ji, H.F. Ji, S.C. Jiang, B. Li, C. Li, J.Y. Li, N. Li, X.Y. Li, P.F. Liang, C. Meng, W.M. Pan, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, H. Qu, S.K. Tian, J. Wan, B. Wang, J.Q. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Wei, G. Xu, H.S. Xu, F. Yan, C.H. Yu, Y.L. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • X.H. Lu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a major national science and technology infrastructure and NSFC (11922512)
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 34-pm, 1360-m storage ring light source being built in the suburb of Beijing, China. The HEPS construction started in mid-2019. While the physics design has been basically determined, modifications on the HEPS accelerator physics design have been made since 2019, in order to deal with challenges emerging from the technical and engineering designs. In this paper, we will introduce the new storage ring lattice and injector design, and also present updated results of related physics issues, including impedance and collective effects, lattice calibration, insertion device effects, injection design studies, etc. 		 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB053  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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MOPAB057 Evaluation of Pulsed Septum Leakage Fields and Compensation for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade septum, emittance, simulation, power-supply 245
 
  • M. Borland, M.S. Jaski, J. Wang
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source upgrade is considering two options for injection: vertical-plane injection with a DC Lambertson septum and horizontal-plane injection with a pulsed septum. In the latter case, pulsed leakage fields are a concern as they will cause transient beam motion and emittance dilution. In this paper, we describe results of modeling the effect of such leakage fields on the beam. We also evaluate methods of compensating for the leakage fields, including the limited time response of correction elements. Several septum drive-pulse shapes are considered and compared. 		 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB057  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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MOPAB071 Progress with the Booster Design for the Diamond-II Upgrade booster, emittance, storage-ring, extraction 286
 
  • I.P.S. Martin, C. Christou, M.P. Cox, R.T. Fielder, J. Kallestrup, A. Shahveh, W. Tizzano
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  • A.D. Brynes, J.K. Jones, B.D. Muratori, H.L. Owen
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  
  Efficient injection into the Diamond-II storage ring [*, **] will require an emittance and bunch length substantially below the values produced from the existing booster. Whilst an earlier design for a replacement based on TME cells was able to meet the target values of <30 nm.rad and <40 ps respectively [***, ****], several technical constraints have led to a rethink of this solution. The revised booster lattice utilises a larger number of cells based on combined-function magnets with lower peak fields that still meets the emittance and bunch length goals. In addition, the new ring has been designed to have low impedance to maximise the extracted charge per shot. In this paper we describe the main features of the lattice, present the status of the engineering design and quantify the expected performance.
*Diamond-II Conceptual Design Report, Diamond Light Source
**H. Ghasem et al, these proceedings
***I. Martin, R. Bartolini, J.Phys.:Conf. Ser., 1067, 032005
****I. Martin et al, IPAC 2019, WEPMP042 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB071  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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MOPAB081 Feasibility Study of Using Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) and Sextupole for TPS Injection sextupole, storage-ring, kicker, GUI 312
 
  • C.-S. Fann, C.K. Chan, C.-C. Chang, H.-P. Chang, Y.-S. Cheng, M.-S. Chiu, Y.L. Chu, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, S.H. Lee, K.-K. Lin, C.Y. Wu, C.S. Yang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • S.-Y. Lee
    Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
  
  Feasibility of applying MIK/sextupole injection at TPS is evaluated in this study. This study adopts layout similar to MAX IV injection scheme and their collaboration project with SOLEIL for MIK. Although the light source service fulfills present user needs, yet the increasing demands for a transparent injection is inevitable in the foreseeable future. Notice that this preliminary study is constrained under routine user operation, the optional pinger ceramic chamber, located between existing injection kicker-3 and kicker-4, is chosen for the purpose. Kick strength requirement of the MIK is estimated with minor trajectory adjustment upstream at the booster to storage ring transfer line. Since the realization of MIK fabrication takes time, therefore a fast-built sextupole is prepared to examine the proposed injection scheme beforehand. The test result will be described in this report.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB081  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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MOPAB082 Implementation of Using IGBT Switch Based Pulser for TPS Booster Extraction Kicker extraction, kicker, booster, operation 315
 
  • C.-S. Fann, H.-P. Chang, C.L. Chen, Y.-S. Cheng, K.T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, K.L. Tsai, C.Y. Wu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  A pair of thyratron-switch-based pulse-forming-network (PFN) pulser has been operating successfully in the past 5 years for TPS booster extraction kickers. In order to improve the flattop of drive-current pulse and to extend possible electron bunch train adjusting knob required, an IGBT-switch-based pulser has been designed, fabricated, and installed onto the TPS booster for its characteristics verification. In this report, the overall technical considerations for the pulser upgrade is described and its beam commissioning results is given for illustration purpose.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB082  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB091 Injection Section Upgrading with the Septum-Magnet Replacement in KEK-PF Ring septum, vacuum, storage-ring, operation 342
 
  • C. Mitsuda, K. Harada, N. Higashi, T. Honda, Y. Kobayashi, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, T. Nogami, T. Obina, M. Tadano, R. Takai, H. Takaki, Y. Tanimoto, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  In 2015, the water leakage happened at the cooling pipe of the in-vacuum septum magnet installed into the injection point. Because the maintenance of the leakage needed the total replacement of the magnet, the water circulation was stopped permanently, and accordingly, the light absorber was installed upstream in the storage ring to prevent the synchrotron light of the bending magnet from coming to the septum wall. This treatment temporally worked well, but the beam injection efficiency was decreased to about 30% due to the physical aperture narrowed by the absorber. With the desired replacement of septum magnet to maintainable out-vacuum type, the injection section upgrading was simultaneously planned to recover and improve the injection efficiency. In this upgrade, the injection beam is closed to the stored beam more than before by adapting the thinner septum structure as a way to improve the injection efficiency. And some new ideas are introduced in the part of monitor and beam duct, for example, realtime beam monitor, thinner Inconel duct. The detailed design of the upgraded injection section and technical points will be reviewed in this conference.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB091  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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MOPAB092 Project of Wuhan Photon Source storage-ring, cavity, linac, dipole 346
 
  • H.H. Li, Y. Deng, J.H. He, Y. Nie, L. Tang, J. Wang, Y.X. Zhu
    IAS, Wuhan City, People’s Republic of China
  
  Wuhan Photon Source (WHPS) has been designed as a fourth-generation light source, which consists of a low energy storage ring (1.5 GeV), a medium energy storage ring (4.0 GeV), and a linac working as a full energy injector. It has been planned to build the low energy light source first as the Phase I project, and then the medium energy light source after its completion. The low energy storage ring has been optimized with the main design parameters as following: An 8-cell, 500 mA storage ring, with a circumference of 180 m and nature emittance 238.4 pm-rad. Based on hybrid-7BA lattice structure, it reaches the soft X-ray diffraction limit. And at the middle of each cell, a 3.5 T superB magnet is used to extend the photon energy to the hard X-ray region. The swap-out injection is chosen due to the small dynamic aperture and a full energy S-band LINAC will be used as its injector. A 3rd harmonic cavity is designed for bunch lengthening to keep a sufficient lifetime. More details of the WHPS phase I project will be described in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB092  
About • paper received ※ 10 June 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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MOPAB093 Operational Status of Photon Factory Light Sources operation, radiation, electron, vacuum 350
 
  • T. Honda, Y. Kobayashi, C. Mitsuda, S. Nagahashi, R. Takai, H. Takaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  One of the recent topics of Photon Factory light sources, PF-ring and PF-AR, is a construction of a GeV-class beamline for testing detectors at the PF-AR. The bremsstrahlung photons generated by a thin carbon wire are brought to a copper target to generate e+e− pairs. Sufficient count rates can be expected when the thin wire touching halo of the stored beam, and the test beamline can be used without disturbing the synchrotron radiation experiments. In addition to the usual 6.5-GeV operation, a low-energy operation at 5-GeV was started recently at PF-AR to secure operation time by saving electricity costs. At the PF-ring, the injection section has been upgraded with the septum-magnet replacement. By the top-up injection and improved bunch feedback, the hybrid-fill mode operation has become convenient for both single-bunch users and multi-bunch users, and about 30% or 40% of the user time is scheduled as the hybrid-fill mode now.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB093  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB114 Development of a Decoherence Kicker for the ALS Upgrade Project (ALS-U) kicker, storage-ring, extraction, vacuum 414
 
  • C. Sun, S. De Santis, M.P. Ehrlichman, T. Hellert, T. Oliver, G. Penn, C. Steier, M. Venturini, W.L. Waldron
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is upgrading the existing storage-ring lattice to a nine-bend-achromat lattice with on-axis swap-out injection. The upgraded storage ring will provide a highly focused beam of about 10 um in both horizontal and vertical directions with a single bunch train energy of about 60 J at 2.0 GeV. Such a small and intense beam could cause damage to the transfer line vacuum chambers in case of extraction element failures or damage to the storage ring vacuum chamber in case of RF failures. To mitigate these potential damages, a fast kicker magnet (so-called decoherence kicker) will be installed in the ALS-U storage ring and activated to dilute the beam charge density either on a train to be swapped out a few 100s turns before extraction or on the whole beam after RF failures. In this paper, we will present both physics and engineering designs of this decoherence kicker.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB114  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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MOPAB115 ATS/STA Transfer Line Design for the ALS Upgrade Project (ALS-U) storage-ring, kicker, optics, extraction 417
 
  • C. Sun, M.P. Ehrlichman, T. Hellert, M. Juchno, J.-Y. Jung, M. Mardenfeld, J.R. Osborn, G. Penn, C. Steier, C.A. Swenson, M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  At the Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U), an on-axis swap-out injection will be used to replenish depleted bunches in the storage ring with refreshed bunches from the full energy accumulator ring. To implement this scheme, two transfer lines are required between the storage ring and the accumulator ring: the accumulator-to-storage-ring (ATS) transfer line and the storage-ring-to-accumulator (STA) transfer line. The design of the ATS/STA transfer lines is a challenging task as they must fit within a tight injection region while also accommodating the storage and accumulator rings at different elevations. Moreover, the ATS/STA design needs to meet both the boundary conditions and optics requirements. In this paper, we will present a design option for these ATS/STA transfer lines.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB115  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB116 A Flexible Injection Scheme for the ESRF-EBS kicker, SRF, septum, storage-ring 421
 
  • S.M. White, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, M. Dubrulle, L. Hoummi, S.M. Liuzzo, M. Morati, T.P. Perron
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  The ESRF-EBS storage ring light source started commissioning in 2019 and successfully resumed users operation in 2020. Due to the smaller emittance and consequently reduced lifetime frequent injections are required that can potentially disturb beam lines experiments. In addition, operating the machine with low beta straight section and reduced insertion devices (ID) gaps are considered, therefore reducing the vertical aperture of the machine. Alternatives to the standard off-axis injection scheme allowing for efficient injection in reduced apertures with minimized perturbations are explored. A flexible layout for potential integration in the ESRF-EBS lattice is proposed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB116  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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MOPAB118 The Impact of Short-Range Wakes on Injection Into the ALS-U Accumulator Ring wakefield, kicker, electron, booster 429
 
  • G. Penn, M.P. Ehrlichman, T. Hellert, C. Steier, C. Sun, M. Venturini, D. Wang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231.
As part of the ALS-U design, bunches with small charge will be added to the accumulator ring in a manner that initially leaves both the stored and injected bunches displaced from the nominal orbit. While the beam current is below instability thresholds, transient effects due to the combination of short-range wake fields and large initial displacements can have an impact on injection efficiency. In this paper, the impact of wake fields on the two bunches is detailed using the elegant simulation code, and different techniques to optimize the injection efficiency are explored. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB118  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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MOPAB120 Update on Injector for the New Synchrotron Light Source in Thailand linac, storage-ring, synchrotron, photon 435
 
  • T. Chanwattana, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, K. Kittimanapun, S. Klinkhieo, P. Sudmuang
    SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
  • K. Manasatitpong
    Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
  
  Design of the new 3-GeV synchrotron light source in Thailand, Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II), has been updated. The SPS-II accelerator complex consists of a 150-MeV injector linac, a 3-GeV booster synchrotron and a 3-GeV storage ring. The RF system of both storage ring and booster is based on a frequency of 119 MHz. In this paper, design considerations and specifications of the SPS-II injector linac are presented. A study on the injector linac in multi-bunch mode (MBM) and single-bunch mode (SBM) was done to get appropriate parameters for top-up injection and different filling patterns in the storage ring.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB120  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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MOPAB122 Present Status of HiSOR synchrotron, storage-ring, undulator, radiation 442
 
  • M. Katoh
    UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
  • K. Goto, M. Katoh, M. Shimada
    HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • H. Miyauchi
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  HiSOR is a compact synchrotron light source of 700MeV. The circumference is 22m. The ring has two straight sections for undulators, which provide high brilliance VUV radiation. Two 180 bending magnets have 2.7 T field strength, which provide broadband radiation in VUV and soft X-ray range. The injector is a 150 MeV microtron. The beam injection is made twice a day with a 5 hour interval. Although the accelerators are being operated stably, the large emittance of 400nm makes it difficult to compete with high brilliance light sources of new generations. The compactness of the configuration makes it difficult to introduce new technologies. We have started seeking possible upgrades.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB122  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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MOPAB124 APS Booster Injection Horizontal Trajectory Control Upgrade controls, booster, timing, operation 449
 
  • C. Yao, J.R. Calvey, G.I. Fystro, A.F. Pietryla, H. Shang
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: * Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-O6CH11357.
The APS booster is a 7-GeV electron synchrotron with a 0.5-second cycle. The booster runs a set of injection control programs that correct the beam trajectory in the horizontal and longitudinal planes, and the betatron tunes. Recently we developed a single-turn BPM controllaw program for horizontal trajectory control to replace the previous FFT based horizontal controllaw program. We present the system configuration and results. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB124  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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MOPAB128 Operational Use of Pinger Magnets to Counter Stored Beam Oscillations During Injection at Diamond Light Source kicker, operation, diagnostics, storage-ring 459
 
  • R.T. Fielder, M. Apollonio, I.P.S. Martin
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  
  Diamond uses a four kicker bump injection scheme. Due to a variety of factors it has become more difficult to perfectly match the four kicks while maintaining injection efficiency, resulting in some disturbance to the stored beam during top-up. This has consequences for beamlines which may see degraded beam quality during injections. A gating signal is provided, but this is not appropriate for all experiments, and in any case ideally would not be required. The disturbance to the stored beam can be partly controlled using the existing diagnostic pinger magnets installed in the storage ring. We present here a comparison of different compensation schemes and tests with beamlines, along with initial experiences operating during user beam time. Use of these magnet also provides proof of principle for any future, purpose-built compensation kickers.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB128  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB131 Synchrotron SOLEIL Upgrade Project lattice, emittance, photon, vacuum 463
 
  • A. Nadji
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  To remain competitive in the future, SOLEIL is also working on an upgrade project plan based on Multi-Bend Achromat (MBA) lattices. The Technical Design Report of the project is expected to start in early 2021 immediately after the completion of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) phase. The achieved equilibrium emittance in the CDR reference lattice (80 pm-rad) is about 50 times smaller than that of the existing storage ring (4000 pm-rad). By operating on a linear coupling resonance, round beam sizes in Insertion Devices straight sections of less than 10 microns RMS in both planes can be produced. These performances rely on the use of a 10 mm inner diameter circular copper vacuum chamber with NEG-coating allowing reaching strong quadrupole gradients and very strong sextupole and octupole strengths. As all these technical challenges are pushing the engineering technology to the limits, they are being investigated through an intensive R&D program based on extensive numerical simulations, prototyping, and measurement with the beam. Extensive use of the pure permanent magnet technology beyond what has been done so far in the other similar projects is considered in this project.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB131  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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MOPAB133 Recovering the Positron Beam After Muon Production in the Lemma Muon Source target, emittance, positron, linac 470
 
  • I. Drebot
    INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
  • M.E. Biagini, O.R. Blanco-García, A. Giribono, S. Guiducci, C. Vaccarezza, A. Variola
    INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
  • S.M. Liuzzo
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  In the LEMMA muon source proposal* a positron beam at 45 GeV is used to produce muons at threshold by interaction with some targets. In order to release the required intensity on the main positron source, orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art, the possibility to recover the primary positron beam after the interaction with the targets was studied. The particles distribution, with a strongly degraded energy spread after the interac- tion, was injected back into a low emittance, large energy acceptance 45 GeV ring. Studies of injection efficiency were performed. The possibility of compressing the beam in a linac before injection was also studied. As a result, even without compression, about 80% of the disrupted e+ beam can be injected back into the ring.
* D. Alesini et al, "Positron driven muon source for a muon collider", arXiv:1905.05747v2 [physics.acc-ph], May 2019 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB133 [4.171 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB133  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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MOPAB160 Tools for the Development and Applications of the IsoDAR Cyclotron cyclotron, rfq, proton, target 550
 
  • L.H. Waites, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, D. Winklehner
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  
  Funding: NSF provided funding for the RFQDIP project, Draper laboratory provided a fellowship for the graduate student
The IsoDAR cyclotron is a 60 MeV cyclotron designed to output 10mA of protons in order to be a driver for a neutrino experiment. However, this high power can be used in other useful and important applications outside of particle physics. The IsoDAR cyclotron accelerates H2+, which allows the beam to be highly versatile and important for the development of high-power targets. This could help alleviate a huge bottleneck in the medical isotope community. IsoDAR could also be used for the development of materials. The accelerator system uses many new tools, including novel methods of applying machine learning, as well as several of the uses of this new technology. With these applications and tools, the IsoDAR cyclotron can have an important impact on the accelerator, medical, and physics communities. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB160 [0.424 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB160  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB162 The First Trial of XY-Coupled Beam Phase Space Matching for Three-Dimensional Spiral Injection coupling, site, experiment, solenoid 553
 
  • M.A. Rehman, K. Furukawa, H. Hisamatsu, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, K. Oda
    Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Matsushita
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
  • N. Saito
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  
  Funding: Work supported by "Grant in Aid" for Scientific Research, JSPS (KAKENHI# 26287055, KAKENHI#19H00673)
The most recent measurement of muon g-2 results in a 3.8σ discrepancy with the equally precise theoretical prediction. The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment (E34) is in preparation to decipher this discrepancy and unravel the new physics beyond the standard model. The precision goal for g-2 is 0.1 ppm. To achieve this precision goal a novel 3-D spiral injection scheme has been devised to inject and store the beam into a small diameter MRI-type storage magnet for E34. The new injection scheme features smooth injection with high storage efficiency for the compact magnet. However, the spiral injection scheme is an unproven idea, therefore, a Spiral Injection Test Experiment (SITE) at KEK Tsukuba Campus is underway to establish this injection scheme. Due to the axial symmetric field of the solenoid magnet, a strongly XY-coupled beam is required. To produce the required phase space for the solenoid-type storage magnet, a beam transport line consisting of three rotatable quadrupole magnets has been designed and built for SITE. The vertical beam size reduction by means of phase space matching and other geometrical information has been successfully measured by the wire scanners. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB162  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB174 Foil Hits Reduction by Minimizing Injection Beam Size at the Foil in J-PARC RCS proton, scattering, beam-losses, operation 590
 
  • P.K. Saha, H. Harada, K. Okabe, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • H. Hotchi
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Funding: Pranab Kumar Saha
The uncontrolled beam loss caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam during multi-turn charge-exchange injection is one of the main sources for high residual radiation at the injection area of J-PARC 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron. We studied to reduce foil hits of the circulating beam by minimizing the vertical injection beam size at the foil and using a smaller vertical foil size. The vertical foil size was reduced according to the injection beam size by maintaining the stripping efficiency. As a result, the number of circulating beam passing through foil was significantly reduced due to smaller foil size. The simulation and measurement results of the foil hits reduction are presented in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB174  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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MOPAB180 AGS Dynamic Aperture at Injection of Polarized Protons and Helions dynamic-aperture, coupling, proton, extraction 610
 
  • K. Hock, H. Huang, F. Méot, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Polarized helions are part of the physics program for the future EIC. An AC dipole has been installed in the AGS Booster to preserve polarization as helions are accelerated to |Ggamma|=10.5. Extraction from the AGS Booster at |Ggamma|=7.5 is possible but: would involve crossing an intrinsic resonance in the AGS, and would be the lowest rigidity beam injected into the AGS, and therefore experiences strong distortions of the optical functions because of the AGS two partial snakes. This lower rigidity would exacerbate the optical distortions from the snake, reducing the dynamic aperture. A comparison of the dynamic aperture of protons at Ggamma=4.5 to that of helions at |Ggamma|=7.5 and |Ggamma|=10.5 show that extraction at |Ggamma|=10.5 provides a larger dynamic aperture. This larger aperture would allow helions to be placed inside the spin tune gap generated by the two partial helices in AGS earlier in the cycle. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB180 [0.453 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB180  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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MOPAB189 Beam Commissioning of XiPAF Synchrotron extraction, synchrotron, MMI, experiment 639
 
  • H.J. Yao, X. Guan, Y. Li, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Yang, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • W.L. Liu, D. Wang, Z.M. Wang
    NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
  
  XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H− linac, a 60-230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. The Installation of the synchrotron, beamline and one experimental station were completed at the end of December 2019, and commissioning has just begun. Circulating beam around the synchrotron was observed on the first day of operation, and now 10-200 MeV proton beam directly extracted from the synchrotron had been transported to the experimental station for user experiments. The results of the commissioning and data analysis are presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB189  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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MOPAB190 An 8 GeV Linac as the Booster Replacement in the Fermilab Power Upgrade linac, cavity, cryomodule, booster 643
 
  • D.V. Neuffer, S.A. Belomestnykh, M. Checchin, D.E. Johnson, S. Posen, E. Pozdeyev, V.S. Pronskikh, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Increasing the Main Injector (MI) beam power above ~1.2 MW requires replacement of the 8 GeV Booster by a higher intensity alternative. Previously, rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) and Linac solutions were considered for this purpose. In this paper, we consider the Linac version that produces 8 GeV H− beam for injection into the Recycler Ring (RR) or Main Injector (MI). The Linac takes ~1 GeV beam from the PIP-II Linac and accelerates it to ~2 GeV in a cw SRF linac, followed by a ~2-8 GeV pulsed linac using 1300 MHz cryomodules. The linac components incorporate recent improvements in SRF technology. The linac configuration and beam dynamics requirements are presented. Injection options are discussed. Research needed to implement the Booster replacement is described. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB190  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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MOPAB221 Developments of a Pulse Kicker System for the Three-Dimensional Spiral Beam Injection of the J-PARC Muon g-2/EDM Experiment kicker, experiment, power-supply, solenoid 726
 
  • K. Oda, H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, Y. Sato, M. Sugita
    Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M. Abe, K. Furukawa, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, M.A. Rehman, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Matsushita
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
  
  The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to perform ultra-precise measurements of anomalous magnetic moments (g-2) and electric dipole moments (EDM) from the spin precession of muons in a precise magnetic field and to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. On experimental requirements, the beam must be stored in a compact storage orbit with a diameter of 66 cm, which is about 1/20th smaller than that of the previous experiment. To be realized, we adopt an unprecedented injection technique called the three-dimensional spiral injection scheme. In this scheme, the beam is injected from upward of the solenoidal storage magnet. The vertical beam motion along the solenoid axis is controlled by a few 100 ns pulse kicker. Once the beam is guided into the center fiducial storage volume, the muon beam is stored by the weak focusing magnetic field. Therefore, stable and accurate control of the pulse kicker is one of the major technical challenges to realize the ultra-precise measurement of the muon spin precession. In this presentation, we discuss the performance of the prototype pulse kicker device and future plan for installation of it to our test bench with an electron beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB221  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB224 Optimization and Error Studies for the USSR HMBA Lattice lattice, SRF, booster, dynamic-aperture 730
 
  • L. Hoummi, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  • I.A. Ashanin, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  
  Several new accelerator facilities will be built in Russia in the next few years. One of those facilities is a 6 GeV storage ring (SR) light source, the Ultimate Source of Synchrotron Radiation (USSR) to be built in Protvino, near Moscow. The Cremlin+ project aims to incorporate in this activity the best experience of European Accelerator Laboratories. The optimization of such optics including realistic errors and a commissioning-like sequence of corrections, using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (NSGA-II) is presented. Several corrections schemes are also tested.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB224 [1.164 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB224  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB228 Introducing two Energy-Correction Schemes at DELTA storage-ring, operation, simulation, closed-orbit 740
 
  • S. Kötter
    DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
  
  At DELTA, a 1.5 GeV synchrotron light source operated by the TU Dortmund University, two methods to correct the beam energy of the storage ring have been tested. The first one is capable of maintaining the current beam energy. The second method is used to find the optimal orbit length. Here, the ideas behind both methods are explained and first test results are presented. Numerical studies are shown together with measurement results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB228  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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MOPAB248 Injection Schemes for the SOLEIL Upgrade storage-ring, lattice, betatron, synchrotron 796
 
  • M.-A. Tordeux, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, P. Brunelle, L. Hoummi, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  Injection into the SOLEIL upgrade storage ring is much more challenging compared to the case of the current ring. Thanks to the experience gained in the development, manufacture and commissioning of a Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) on the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, the SOLEIL pulsed magnet team is currently developing new MIK magnets that will serve as the basis for the injection schemes in the upgrade storage ring. We then propose two kinds of injections: firstly, a betatron off-axis injection that should be compatible with the full-coupling storage ring tuning, and secondly, a synchrotron on-axis injection by creating a large horizontal dispersion bump at the injection point.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB248  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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MOPAB256 Development of Pulsed Beam System for the Three Dimensional Spiral Injection Scheme in the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM Experiment experiment, kicker, power-supply, controls 809
 
  • R. Matsushita
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
  • M. Abe, K. Hurukawa, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, M.A. Rehman, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, K. Oda, Y. Sato, M. Sugita
    Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • N. Saito
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  • T. Takayanagi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  
  The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to measure the anomalous magnetic moment(g-2) and electric dipole moment(EDM) of the muon with higher precision than the previous BNL E821 experiment. A brand-new three-dimensional spiral injection scheme is employed to inject and store muon beam into a 66 cm diameter of storage magnet. Feasibility studies are ongoing by use of 80 keV electron beam at KEK test bench, to develop skills on control transverse beam motion; so-called X-Y coupling, with DC beam. As a next step, towards store the beam by use of a kicker system, a pulsed beam should be generated from the DC beam with an intended time structure to meet a pulse kicker’s duration time, without changing transverse phase space characteristics. In this presentation, the development of a beam chopper device and the evaluation of pulse beam profile are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB256  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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MOPAB272 Consideration the Prospects of Beam Diagnostic System Upgrade in the Transport Channels of Injection Complex VEPP-5 positron, electron, diagnostics, operation 860
 
  • K.V. Astrelina, F.A. Emanov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • F.A. Emanov
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  Transport electron and positron channels from linear accelerator to storage ring of Injection Complex VEPP-5 (BINP, Novosibirsk) have complicated 3D configuration and equipped only with luminophore screens as a beam test. For the regular machine operations the non-destructive beam diagnostic system is required to adjust the electron and positron beam trajectories and minimize the beam losses. The proposal of new beam position monitors (BPM) assembling is considered. Newly added BPMs allow one to control the beam trajectory during operations. Collecting beam position data in several points makes it possible to calculate and correct the beamline parameters: Twiss parameters, dispersion, beam energy variations. The possible configuration of the new BPMs placing is suggested and the rate of beam loss reducing due the additional diagnostics is estimated.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB272 [1.164 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB272  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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MOPAB276 Investigation on the injection of the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP cyclotron, background, solenoid, radiation 873
 
  • F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-Harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, C. Lassalle, H. Trichet
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • F. Haddad
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  
  Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
A 70 MeV cyclotron is being used at the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, for various types of R&D on nuclear, biological and chemical reactions with beams and radioisotopes production. In order to adapt its usage for experiments and users demands of high peak intensity, above an equivalent average of a few µA, the injection is being adapted. Several studies are thus being performed in this section. These include the newly installed chopper-based system and the injection collimator. This paper details the various studies, specifically the signal purity obtained in the pulsed mode. A mode particularly adapted for flash irradiation. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB276 [2.522 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB276  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB277 Installation, Use and Follow-Up of an Emittance-Meter at the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP emittance, cyclotron, quadrupole, ECR 877
 
  • F. Poirier, R. Bellamy, F. Bulteau-Harel, C. Castel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, R. Lelièvre, G. Mechin, L. Perrigaud, J. Poudevigne, H. Trichet
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • T. Adam, P.G. Graehling, M. Heine, C. Maazouzi, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  • A. Dinkov, S. Wurth
    IJCLab, ORSAY, France
  • F. Haddad
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  
  Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
The 70 MeV cyclotron group of the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, foresees to increase its beam intensity on target. For this, several beam studies are being performed in the various sections of the accelerator including the injection. Thus, an Allison-type emittance-meter has been installed in this section above the cyclotron and downstream a quadrupole triplet. Installation and the first results of a campaign of measurements are presented including high intensity runs, up to 1 mA for 40 keV H− ions. The emittance-meter is expected to be used with several accelerators throughout the world. Therefore, a strategy on the follow-up of the activation of sample materials used in the equipment is being established and is described in the paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB277  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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MOPAB365 Construction and First Test Results of the Barrier and Harmonic RF Systems for the NICA Collider cavity, collider, vacuum, electron 1136
 
  • A.G. Tribendis, Y.A. Biryuchevsky, K.N. Chernov, A.N. Dranitchnikov, E. Kenzhebulatov, A.A. Kondakov, A.A. Krasnov, Ya.G. Kruchkov, S.A. Krutikhin, G.Y. Kurkin, A.M. Malyshev, A.Yu. Martynovsky, N.V. Mityanina, S.V. Motygin, A.A. Murasev, V.N. Osipov, V.M. Petrov, E. Pyata, E. Rotov, V.V. Tarnetsky, I.A. Zapryagaev, A.A. Zhukov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • O.I. Brovko, A.M. Malyshev, I.N. Meshkov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • I.N. Meshkov
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • E. Rotov
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • A.G. Tribendis
    NSTU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • A.V. Zinkevich
    Triada-TV, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  This paper reports on the design features and construction progress of the three RF systems for the NICA collider being built at JINR, Dubna. Each of the two collider rings has three RF systems named RF1 to 3. RF1 is a barrier bucket system used for particles capturing and accumulation during injection, RF2 and 3 are resonant systems operating at 22nd and 66th harmonics of the revolution frequency and used for the 22 bunches formation. The RF systems are designed and produced by Budker INP. Solid state RF power amplifiers developed by the Triada-TV company, Novosibirsk, are used for driving the RF2 and three cavities. Two RF1 stations were already delivered to JINR, the prototypes of the RF2 and 3 stations were built and successfully tested at BINP. Series production of all eight RF2 and sixteen RF3 stations is in progress. The design modifications and test results are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB365  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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MOPAB414 A Novel Facility for Cancer Therapy and Biomedical Research with Heavy Ions for the South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies synchrotron, extraction, experiment, radiation 1244
 
  • S. Damjanovic, P. Grübling, H. Schopper
    SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
  • U. Amaldi, E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski
    TERA, Novara, Italy
  • E. Benedetto, G. Bisoffi, M. Dosanjh, M. Sapinski, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • G. Bisoffi
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • S. Damjanovic, M. Durante, P. Foka, C. Graeff
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • Th. Haberer
    HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
  • S. Rossi
    CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
  • H.J. Specht
    Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  
  The South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST) proposes the construction of a major joint Research Infrastructure in the region, to rebuild cooperation after the recent wars and overcome lasting consequences like technology deficits and brain drain, having at its core a facility for cancer therapy and biomedical research with heavy ions. Beams of ions like Carbon are an advanced way to irradiate tumours but more research is needed, while the higher investment costs than for other radiation treatments have so far limited the European facilities to only four. This initiative aims at being strongly innovative, beyond the existing European designs. While the initial baseline relies on a conservative warm-magnet synchrotron, superconducting magnets for an advanced version of the synchrotron and for the gantry are being developed, with a potential for reductions in size, cost, and power consumption. Both warm and superconducting designs feature high beam intensity for faster treatment, and flexible extraction for novel treatment methods. A novel injector linac has the potential for producing radioisotopes in parallel with synchrotron injection.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB414  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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TUXA01 Advances in Understanding of Ion Effects in Electron Storage Rings simulation, emittance, ion-effects, storage-ring 1267
 
  • J.R. Calvey, M. Borland, T.K. Clute, J.C. Dooling, L. Emery, J. Gagliano, J.E. Hoyt, P.S. Kallakuri
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Ion instability, in which beam motion couples with trapped ions in an accelerator, is a serious concern for high-brightness electron storage rings. For the APS-Upgrade, we plan to mitigate coherent ion instability using a compensated gap scheme. To study incoherent effects (such as emittance growth), an IONEFFECTS element has been incorporated into the particle tracking code ELEGANT. The simulations include multiple ionization, transverse impedance, and charge variation between bunches. Once these effects are included, the simulations show good agreement with measurements at the present APS. We have also installed a gas injection system, which creates a controlled pressure bump of Nitrogen gas in a short section of the APS ring. The resulting ion instability was studied under a wide variety of beam conditions. For cases with no or insufficient train gaps, large emittance growth was observed. IONEFFECTS simulations of the gas injection experiment and APS-U storage ring show the possibility of runaway emittance blowup, where the blown-up beam traps more ions, driving further instability.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXA01  
About • paper received ※ 24 June 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUPAB023 Design Considerations of a High Intensity Booster for PETRA IV lattice, emittance, booster, extraction 1386
 
  • H.C. Chao, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  A 6 GeV booster lattice with a high intensity capacity for the PETRA IV project is presented. Firstly the requirements and constraints are articulated. Due to the geometric constraints the ring will be installed in racks mounted on ceilings. Then following some design strategies of reaching high intensity limit, a lattice is designed and presented. The topics covering the linear optics, nonlinear dynamics, orbit correction, orbit bump, and some instability studies are investigated.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB023 [0.975 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB023  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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TUPAB024 Lattice Options Comparison for a DLSR Injector lattice, emittance, booster, synchrotron 1390
 
  • H.C. Chao, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  DESY IV, as a part of the injector chain, must have lower emittance for PETRA IV injection. Depending on the scenarios of the injector, two lattice options for DESY IV are presented. They are designed for different purposes. The first option comes with a high momentum compaction factor with acceptable emittance. It is designed to be a full intensity booster. The other option is with low emittance dedicated to be an accumulator at high energies. The general beam dynamics properties are simulated and discussed. Their strengths and weaknesses are compared.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB024 [0.751 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB024  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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TUPAB044 Preliminary Study of the on-Axis Swap-Out Injection Scheme for the Southern Advanced Photon Source storage-ring, kicker, septum, electron 1447
 
  • Y. Han, X.H. Lu, Y. Zhao
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Huang, Y. Jiao, X. Liu, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The Southern Advanced Photon Source (SAPS) is a project under design, which aims at constructing a 4th generation storage ring with emittance below 100 pm.rad at the electron beam energy of around 3.5 GeV. The extremely low emittance will result in a very small dynamic aperture for the storage ring which makes it difficult to use the conventional off-axis accumulation injection. In this case, it is probably necessary to consider the transverse on-axis injection or the longitudinal injection. In this paper, the transverse on-axis swap-out injection scheme for the SAPS storage ring is presented. The preliminary parameters of the septum magnets and fast kickers are carefully evaluated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB044  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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TUPAB046 Preliminary design of the Full Energy Linac Injector for the Southern Advanced Photon Source linac, FEL, gun, photon 1454
 
  • X. Liu
    Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
  • Y. Jiao, B. Li, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  A 4th generation mid-energy range diffraction limited storage ring, named as the Southern Advanced Photon Source (SAPS), is under consideration to be built at the same campus as China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), providing a charming one-stop solution for fundamental sciences and industrial applications. While the design of the ring is still under study, a full energy Linac has been proposed as one candidate option for its injector, with the capability of being used as an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) in the near future. In this paper, an overview of the preliminary design of the Linac is given and simulation results are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB046  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUPAB049 USSR HMBA Storage Ring Lattice Options emittance, lattice, SRF, optics 1466
 
  • S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, J. Chavanne, L. Hoummi, J. Jacob, T.P. Perron, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  • I.A. Ashanin, V.S. Dyubkov, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • I.A. Ashanin, V.S. Dyubkov, T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant #871072 Russian federation resolution #287
Several new accelerator facilities will be built in Russia in a few years from now. One of those facilities is a 6GeV storage ring (SR) light source (USSR - Ultimate Source of Synchrotron Radiation) to be built in Protvino, near Moscow. The Cremlin+ project aims to incorporate in this activity the best experience of European Accelerator Laboratories. The design of the optics for this SR is presented here in two declinations leading to 70 pm-rad equilibrium horizontal emittance. The first is a 40 cells lattice, the second is the same but includes high field Short Bending magnet sources in each cell. Optics and high order multipole optimizations are performed to obtain sufficient lifetime and dynamic aperture for a conservative off-axis injection. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB049  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB050 A Long Booster Option for the USSR 6 GeV Storage Ring booster, storage-ring, lattice, optics 1470
 
  • S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, T.P. Perron, R. Versteegen, S.M. White
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  • I.A. Ashanin, S.M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • I.A. Ashanin, T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
    NRC, Moscow, Russia
  • T. Kulevoy
    ITEP, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant #871072 Russian federation resolution no. 287
The design of the optics of a full length 6 GeV booster for the USSR (Ultimate Source of Synchrotron Radiation) are presented. This option already followed with success by other laboratories, would allow to obtain a small emittance injected beam thus enabling smooth top-up operation. Details of the design inspired by the ESRF DBA lattice and the possible operating modes are described. The transfer lines booster to storage ring are also addressed in this paper. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB050  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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TUPAB054 CDR BASELINE LATTICE FOR THE UPGRADE OF SOLEIL lattice, emittance, photon, coupling 1485
 
  • A. Loulergue, D. Amorim, P. Brunelle, A. Gamelin, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, R. Ollier, M.-A. Tordeux
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  Previous MBA studies converged toward a lattice composed of 20 7BA solution elaborated by adopting the sextupole pairing scheme with dispersion bumps originally developed at the ESRF-EBS. It provided a low natural horizontal emittance value of 70-80 pm-rad range at an energy of 2.75 GeV. Due to difficulties to accommodate such lattice geometry in the SOLEIL present tunnel as well as to preserve at best the beamline positioning, alternative lattice based on HOA (Higher-Order Achromat) type cell has been recently investigated. The HOA type cell being more modular and possibly exhibiting larger momentum acceptance as well as low emittances, a solution alternating 7BA and 4BA cells was then identified as the best to adapt the current beamline positioning. The SOLEIL CDR upgrade reference lattice is then composed of 20 HOA cells alternating 7BA and 4BA giving a natural horizontal emittance of 80 pm-rad. The linear and non-linear beam dynamic properties of the lattice along with the possibility of horizontal off-axis injection at full betatron coupling are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB054  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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TUPAB058 Online Optimizations of Several Observable Parameters at the Advanced Photon Source storage-ring, kicker, photon, sextupole 1492
 
  • Y.P. Sun
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Online optimizations are known to be powerful tools which may quickly and efficiently improve the particle accelerator key performance parameters in a model-independent way. In this paper, it is presented on the online optimizations of several observable parameters at the Advanced Photon Source storage ring. These observable parameters include the beam lifetime, injection efficiency and topup efficiency, transverse beam sizes, and turn by turn beam position monitors. It is demonstrated that the particle accelerator performance may be greatly enhanced in a relatively short time frame, by optimizing these observable parameters. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB058  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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TUPAB063 Study of PF-Ring Infrastructure Improvements Using Temperature Measurements in the Ring Tunnel controls, experiment, operation, radiation 1508
 
  • N. Nakamura, K. Haga, T. Nogami, M. Tadano
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Temperature measurements have been performed in the PF-ring tunnel in order to understand the infrastructure performance and the temperature stability towards the PF upgrade project, where better beam stability will be required. Based on the temperature measurements, possible improvements of the PF-ring infrastructure such as an air-conditioning system have been studied to enhance the temperature stability in the PF-ring tunnel. In this paper, we present results of the temperature measurements in the PF-ring tunnel and a proposal of the PF-ring infrastructure improvements for the temperature stabilization.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB063 [6.169 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB063  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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TUPAB142 Simulation Study of Laser Wakefield Acceleration Varying the Down-Ramp Length of a Gas Jet electron, plasma, laser, simulation 1717
 
  • R.P. Nunes
    UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • A. Bonatto
    Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • E.P. Maldonado
    ITA, São José dos Campos, Brazil
  • R.E. Samad, N.D. Vieira
    IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
  
  In this work, particle-in-cell simulations were carried out to investigate the role of the down-ramp length of a H\textsubscript{2} gas jet in accelerating electrons ionized by the laser pulse. The laser and plasma density were chosen so that the system is operating in the self-modulated regime. Preliminary results show how the down-ramp length can control the injection of electrons in the first bubble induced in the plasma by the laser pulse.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB142  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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TUPAB146 High Brightness Electron Beams from Dragon Tail Injection and the E-312 Experiment at FACET-II plasma, laser, electron, experiment 1728
 
  • P. Manwani, N. Majernik, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • D.L. Bruhwiler
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • B. Hidding
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • M.D. Litos
    Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  Funding: This work was performed with support of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0009914
The advent of optically triggered injection in multi component plasma wakefield accelerators has been shown to enable a substantial increase in witness electron beam quality. Here we present a novel way of using the overlap of laser and beam radial fields to locally liberate electrons from the tunneling ionization of the non-ionized gas species. These liberated ultracold electrons gain sufficient energy to be trapped in the accelerating phase at the back of the plasma blowout. This method of controlled injection has advantages in precision timing since injection is locked to peak beam current and has the potential of generating beams with very low emittance and energy spread. This method has been investigated using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. This scenario corresponds to a planned experiment, E-312, at SLAC’s FACET-II facility. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB146  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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TUPAB186 Longitudinal Dynamics in the Prototype vFFA Ring for ISIS2 acceleration, extraction, bunching, neutron 1834
 
  • D.J. Kelliher, J.-B. Lagrange, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • A.P. Letchford, J. Pasternak
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J. Pasternak
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • E. Yamakawa
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  A vertical Fixed Field Accelerator (vFFA) is a candidate for a future high-power (MW-class) spallation source at ISIS. In order to assess the feasibility of this novel ring, a prototype is currently being designed. Here we consider the longitudinal dynamics in the prototype ring. A key requirement of future neutron spallation sources is flexibility of operation to best serve multiple target stations. Beam stacking allows a rapid cycling, high intensity machine to operate at lower repetition rates but with higher peak output. Here we show how beam stacking can be realised in the vFFA while minimising the peak RF voltage required.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB186  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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TUPAB191 Design and Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR cyclotron, ECR, radiation, simulation 1852
 
  • N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bekhterev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • V.I. Lisov
    JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The design and simulation of the axial injection system of the DC140 cyclotron is presented in this report.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB191 [1.090 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB191  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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TUPAB193 Operation and Maintenance of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source Stripper Foil operation, neutron, radiation, site 1858
 
  • J.X. Chen, X.J. Nie, A.X. Wang, Y.J. Yu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Kang, L. Liu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.B. Yu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11975253) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2018A030313959)
The stripper foil system is the essential equipment of the spallation neutron source to achieve negative hydrogen injection. More than 99% of negative hydrogen ions complete the charge stripper in the primary stripper foil during the injection process. The remaining ions will lead to the in-dump after the secondary foil or absorbed by the negative hydrogen scraper. This paper introduces some work records of operation and maintenance of stripper foil system.
stripper foil, maintenance, operation 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB193 [0.395 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB193  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB196 Achievement of 100-kW Beam Operation in CSNS/RCS MMI, acceleration, space-charge, bunching 1869
 
  • S.Y. Xu, Y.W. An, J. Chen, L. Huang, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based science facility. CSNS is designed to accelerate proton beam pulses to 1.6 GeV kinetic energy, striking a solid metal target to produce spallation neutrons. CSNS has two major accelerator systems, a linear accelerator (80 MeV Linac) and a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS). The RCS accumulates and accelerates the proton beam to 1.6 GeV and then extracts the beam to the target at the repetition rate of 25 Hz. The Beam commissioning of CSNS/RCS had been started since April 2017. The most important issue in high-power beam commissioning is the beam loss control, as well as the control of induced activities, to meet the requirement of manual maintenance. A series of beam loss optimization work had been done to reduce the uncontrolled beam loss. At the end of February 2020, the CSNS reached the design beam power of 100 kW with very low uncontrolled beam loss.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB196  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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TUPAB208 FETS-FFA Ring Study lattice, optics, closed-orbit, proton 1901
 
  • J.-B. Lagrange, D.J. Kelliher, A.P. Letchford, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • S.J. Brooks
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • C. Brown
    Brunel University, Middlesex, United Kingdom
  • J. Pasternak
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J. Pasternak
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • E. Yamakawa
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, providing a proton beam with a power of 0.2~MW. Detailed studies are under way for a major upgrade, including the use of Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA). A proof-of-principle FFA ring, called FETS-FFA is planned to investigate the feasibility of this kind of machine for the required MW beam power. This paper discusses the study of the FETS-FFA ring case.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB208  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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TUPAB226 Study of the Third-Order Parametric Resonance Induced by RF Modulation simulation, storage-ring, synchrotron, electron 1956
 
  • P.F. Liang, H.S. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  There were both analytic and experimental studies on the effects of RF modulation on bunch lengthening in electron storage rings. Nevertheless, the increase of bunch energy spread will happen in the meantime. Therefore, the degradation of bunch quality may limit the potential applications of the RF modulation technique. As a consequence, we believe that the comprehensive studies of the parametric resonance induced by RF modulation are necessary for understanding the physics picture better and seeking new possibilities of applications of this technique. The studies on the beam dynamics closed to the 3vs RF phase modulation would be presented here. Based on the basic longitudinal synchrotron equations of motion, we obtained analytically the longitudinal modulated Hamiltonian and various parameters in longitudinal phase space, such as the fixed points, island tune, island width. The validity of the analytic results was checked by simulations. Furthermore, the dependence of the bunch parameters, such as energy spread and bunch length, on the modulation settings is also discussed in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB226  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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TUPAB280 Quantum Gas Jet Scanner Based Beam Profile Monitors electron, focusing, beam-diagnostic, diagnostics 2128
 
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
A quantum gas jet scanner-based beam profile monitor is under development at the Cockcroft Institute (CI), the UK for beam diagnostics based on the principle of ionization detection induced in a quantum gas jet interacting with an ionizing primary beam that shall be characterized. It promises superior position resolution and high signal intensity resulting from a strongly focused quantum gas jet. In order to achieve the gas jet with a diameter of less than 100 µm, a novel focusing method exploiting the quantum wave function of the neutral gas atoms, generate an interference pattern with a single maximum acting as an ultra-thin gas jet. An ‘atom sieve’ has been designed for generating the interference pattern, applying the principle of a photon sieve. It will be analogous to a mechanical wire scanner though with a minimal interception. The idea of moving a quantum gas jet through the beam is proposed for transverse profiling. This contribution provides a general overview of the design, working principle, the results obtained from initial measurements carried out at CI and University of Bergen (Norway), for designing the same and possible methods for optimizing the scanner’s design. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB280  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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TUPAB281 Gas-Mixing to Improve the Resolution of Non-Invasive Gas Jet-Based Ionization Profile Monitors electron, simulation, background, vacuum 2132
 
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Ionization beam profile monitor using a supersonic gas jet is an attractive option for the characterization of low and medium energy beams. In this scheme, a primary beam crosses a 45-degree tilted thin gas curtain which causes ionization of gas molecules in the jet. The generated ions are then collected using an electrostatic extraction system to determine the 2D transverse profile of the primary beam. The most commonly used gases for the jet are neon and nitrogen. The signal from the gas jet is always super-imposed with the signal resulting from residual gases in the interaction chamber. CST simulations indicate that the gas jet speed is a key factor for the separation of the jet and the residual gas signals. To obtain a good signal separation, one can increase the velocity of the gas jet. This can be accomplished by generating a gas jet that mixes heavier and lighter gases. This contribution gives a general overview of the monitor design, discusses the effects of gas mixing and CST simulation results. It also presents experimental results obtained with Helium, and Nitrogen, as well as a mixture of them using different percentages and the impact on measurement resolution. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB281  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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TUPAB286 Experience with On-line Optimizers for APS Linac Front End Optimization linac, gun, operation, controls 2151
 
  • H. Shang, M. Borland, X. Huang, Y. Sun
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • M. Song, Z. Zhang
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: * Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and BES R&D project FWP 2020-ANL-34573
While the APS linac lattice is set up using a model developed with ELEGANT, the thermionic RF gun front end beam dynamics has been difficult to model. One of the issues is that beam properties from the thermionic gun can vary from time to time. As a result, linac front end beam tuning is required to establish good matching and maximize the charge transported through the linac. We have been using a traditional simplex optimizer to find the best settings for the gun front end magnets and steering magnets. However, it takes a long time and requires some fair initial conditions. Therefore, we imported other on-line optimizers, such as robust conjugate direction search (RCDS) which is a classic optimizer as simplex, multi-objective particle swarm (MOPSO), and multi-generation gaussian process optimizer (MG-GPO) which is based on machine learning technique. In this paper we report our experience with these on-line optimizers for maximum bunch charge transportation efficiency through the linac. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB286 [2.964 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB286  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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TUPAB326 Injection Optimization and Study of XiPAF Synchrotron simulation, synchrotron, proton, experiment 2264
 
  • X.Y. Liu, X. Guan, Y. Li, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.J. Yao, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • W.L. Liu, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao
    NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
  
  The synchrotron of XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV proton application Facility) is a compact proton synchrotron, which using H- stripping injection and phase space painting scheme. Now XiPAF is under commissioning with some achievements, the current intensity after injection reach 43mA, the corresponding particle number is 2.3·1011, and the injection efficiency is 57%. The simulation results by PyOrbit show that the injection efficiency is 77%. In this paper, we report how the injection intensity and efficiency were optimized. We analyzed the difference between simulation and experiments, and quantitatively investigate the factors affecting injection efficiency through experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB326  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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TUPAB348 Magnetron R&D for High Efficiency CW RF Sources for Industrial Accelerators experiment, GUI, cavity, MMI 2318
 
  • H. Wang, K. Jordan, R.M. Nelson, R.A. Rimmer, S.O. Solomon
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • B.R.L. Coriton, C.P. Moeller, K.A. Thackston
    GA, San Diego, California, USA
  
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and DOE OS/HEP Accelerator Stewardship award 2019-2021.
The scheme of using high-efficiency magnetrons to drive radiofrequency accelerators has been demonstrated at 2450 MHz in CW mode *. Magnetron test stands at JLab and GA have been set up to further test the noise figure and the locking speed of the injection phase-lock method. For higher power applications, power combining experiments using a TM010 cavity-type combiner and a magic tee for the binary combiner while using a single clean injection signal has been carried out at 2450 MHz. The frequency pulling effect between the magnetron and a low-Q cavity has been shown to enhance the frequency locking bandwidth compared to the injection phase-lock alone. The principle has been studied by the equivalent circuit simulation, analytical model, and finally confirmed experimentally on the magnetrons. Due to the pandemic delay in 2020, the equivalent high power tests using a 75kW, 915MHz industrial magnetron will be done in 2021 and will be reported in a future paper.
* H. Wang, et al, Magnetron R&Ds for High-Efficiency CW RF Sources of Particle Accelerators, WEXXPLS1, proceedings of IPAC 2019, Melbourne, Australia, May 19 -24, 2019. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB348  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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TUPAB370 Development of Long Coil Dynamic Magnetic Field Measurement System for Dipole Magnets of HEPS Booster dipole, booster, interface, storage-ring 2384
 
  • Y.Q. Liu, C.D. Deng, W. Kang, L. Li, S. Li, X. Wu, Y.W. Wu, J.X. Zhou
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • C.D. Deng, Y.W. Wu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  A magnetic field measurement system for dipole magnets of High Energy Photon Source Booster is designed and developed. The system uses the long coil upflow method to measure the dynamic integral field of the magnet, and the long coil transverse-translation method to measure the integral field distribution error of the magnet. In this paper, the design and implementation of the magnetic measuring system are introduced in detail, and the magnetic field measurement results of the prototype magnet are shown. The measurement results show that the repeatability of the dynamic integral field measurement system is about 2 in 10,000, and the repeatability of the uniform distribution of the integral field is better than 1 in 10,000, which meets the test requirements of the discrete integral field of bulk magnets ±1 parts per thousand and the uniformity of the integral field ±5×10-4@6GeV and ±1×10-3 @0.5GeV.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB370 [1.475 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB370  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEXA04 The RCS Design Status for the Electron Ion Collider resonance, electron, lattice, emittance 2521
 
  • V.H. Ranjbar, M. Blaskiewicz, Z.A. Conway, D.M. Gassner, C. Hetzel, B. Lepore, H. Lovelace III, I. Marneris, F. Méot, C. Montag, J. Skaritka, N. Tsoupas, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • J.M. Grames, J. Guo, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • D. Sagan
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design of the Electron-Ion Collider Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) to be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory is advancing to meet the injection requirements for the Electron Storage Ring (ESR). Over the past year activities are focused on developing the approach to inject two 28 nC bunches every second, up from the original design of one 10nC bunch every second. The solution requires several key changes concerning the injection and extraction kickers, charge accumulation via bunch merging and a carefully calibrated RF acceleration profile to match the longitudinal emittance required by the ESR. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA04  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 August 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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WEXA07 Beam Background Measurements at SuperKEKB/Belle-II in 2020 background, luminosity, detector, scattering 2532
 
  • H.N. Nakayama, T. Koga
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Kojima
    Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
  • A. Natochii, S. Vahsen
    University of Hawaii, Honolulu,, USA
  
  The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider began collision operation in 2018 and achieved the world-record luminosity of 2.4x1034~cm-2s-1 in June 2020. We pursue higher luminosity by squeezing beam sizes and increasing beam currents. Beam backgrounds induced by stray particles will also increase and might cause severe radiation damage to Belle II detector components and worsen the quality of collected physics data. To mitigate these backgrounds, we have carefully designed our interaction region and installed movable collimators in the machine. We present recent measurements of beam background at SuperKEKB. We have performed dedicated machine studies to measure each background component separately and found that beam-gas scattering and Touschek scattering in the positron ring are the dominant sources of background rates in Belle II. We also present the latest observations of injection background, which determines the timing of a required Belle II data acquisition trigger veto and therefore affects the integrated luminosity. We show the beam background extrapolation toward the expected higher-luminosity operation and our plans for further background mitigation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA07  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEXC05 First Results Operating a Long-Period EPU in Universal Mode at the Canadian Light Source polarization, photon, focusing, undulator 2566
 
  • W.A. Wurtz, C.K. Baribeau, D. Bertwistle, M.J. Sigrist
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  
  The Quantum Materials Spectroscopy Centre beamline at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) requires photons with energies as low as 15 eV with circular polarization at the end station. This energy range is accomplished on the 2.9 GeV CLS storage ring using an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) with a 180 mm period, which we call EPU180. In order to realize circular polarized photons at the end station with this low energy, we must overcome two technical issues. First, the beamline optics distort the polarization of the light, so we compensate by providing light with a flattened, tilted polarization ellipse at the source point - a mode of operation known as universal mode. Second, the device has a strong effect on the electron beam due to dynamic focusing and is capable of reducing the injection efficiency to zero. We overcome this non-linear dynamic focusing using current strips adhered to the vacuum chamber. In this report, we present the first results with operating EPU180 in universal mode and we recover the dynamic aperture using the current strips.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXC05  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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WEPAB019 RF Harmonic Kicker R&D Demonstration and Its Application to the RCS Injection of the EIC kicker, cavity, electron, operation 2632
 
  • G.-T. Park, M.W. Bruker, J.M. Grames, J. Guo, R.A. Rimmer, S.O. Solomon, H. Wang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) * is an accelerating component of the electron injection complex, which provides polarized electrons in electron-ion collisions in the main Electron Storage Ring (ESR). We present the injection scheme into the RCS based on an ultra-fast harmonic kicker, whose "five odd-harmonic modes" prototype was developed in the context of the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC) conceptual design **. In its early stage of R&D, the sharp (~3 ns width) waveform construction, beam dynamics, and pulsed power operation with short ramping time (~10 us) will be discussed together with the fabrication work of the JLEIC prototype ***.
* BNL, "Electron Ion Collider Conceptual Design Report", 2020
** G. Park et. al, JLAB-TN-044
*** G. Park et. al., JLAB-TN-046 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB019  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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WEPAB039 Construction of a Compact Electron Injector Using a Gridded RF Thermionic Gun and a C-Band Accelerator linac, electron, operation, emittance 2687
 
  • T. Inagaki, T. Asaka, T. Hara, T. Hiraiwa, N. Hosoda, E. Iwai, C. Kondo, H. Maesaka, T. Ohshima, H. Tanaka
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
  • H. Dewa, T. Magome, Y. Minagawa, T. Sakurai
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
  • T. Fukui
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Innovative Light Sources Division, Hyogo, Japan
  • S. Hashimoto
    LASTI, Hyogo, Japan
  • S.I. Inoue, K. Kajimoto, S. Nakata, T. Seno, H. Sumitomo, R. Takesako, S. Tanaka, R. Yamamoto, M. Yoshioka
    SES, Hyogo-pref., Japan
  • K. Yanagida
    JASRI, Hyogo, Japan
  
  A compact and low-cost 1 GeV injector linac was designed and constructed to provide injection beams to the soft X-ray synchrotron radiation facility NewSUBARU instead of the SPring-8 injector system, which will be shutdown. The total length of the injector linac needs to be less than 70 m to fit into the existing tunnel. To this end, an RF electron gun with a gridded thermionic cathode directly attached to a 238 MHz RF cavity was developed and adopted. The 500 keV, 0.6 ns, 1 nC beam emitted from the cavity is compressed to 3 ps by velocity bunching driven by a 476 MHz RF cavity and a S-band RF structure. The short-pulsed beams are accelerated up to 1 GeV with 16 C-band RF structures. In the C-band accelerator section, the klystron output of 50 MW is multiplied 4 times by a pulse compressor and fed to the 4 RF structures to generate a high accelerating field of 31 MV/m. A low-level RF system consisting of a MTCA.4 based high-speed digitizers and RF frontend boards has been constructed. This injector system is used at the 3 GeV SR facility currently under construction in Sendai. In this paper, we report the design outline and the operational performance of the injector system.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB039 [2.419 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB039  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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WEPAB074 A Distributed Sextupoles Lattice for the ALBA Low Emittance Upgrade lattice, emittance, sextupole, optics 2762
 
  • G. Benedetti, M. Carlà, U. Iriso, Z. Martí, F. Pérez
    ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
  
  The first lattice studied in 2019 for the ALBA upgrade was a 7BA lattice with two dispersion bumps, for localised chromatic correction. That lattice had limited dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance. In 2020 we started to explore a different approach to find an MBA lattice with distributed chromatic correction that meets the same emittance goal with larger dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance. The choice of the number of bendings per cell, as well as the tuning of the magnet gradients, is carried out by developing a light weight solver that performs both the emittance and chromaticity optimisation of the arcs and the matching of the linear optics in the straight sections. We present the status of the storage ring upgrade studies, the performance of the new developed lattice, together with the issues related with the injection scheme.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB074  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEPAB113 Stripline Kickers for Injection Into PETRA IV kicker, impedance, electron, electronics 2863
 
  • G. Loisch, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov, J. Keil, F. Obier
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • M.A. Jebramcik
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  PETRA IV is the planned ultralow-emittance upgrade of the PETRA III synchrotron light source at DESY, Hamburg. The current design includes an on-axis beam injection scheme using fast stripline kickers. These kickers have to fulfill the requirements on kick-strength, field quality, pulse rise-rate and a matched beam impedance. 3D finite element simulations in conjunction with Bayesian optimisation are used to meet these requirements simultaneously. Here, we will discuss the requirements on the PETRA IV injection kickers and the current design status.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB113  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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WEPAB117 Injection Feedback for a Storage Ring HOM, feedback, kicker, simulation 2870
 
  • A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, E.E. Ergenlik, V. Kubytskyi, H. Monard
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  
  Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051.
We report on an injection feedback scheme for the ThomX storage ring project. ThomX is a 50-MeV-electron accelerator prototype which will use Compton backscattering in a storage ring to generate a high flux of hard X-rays. Given the slow beam damping (in the ring), the injection must be performed with high accuracy to avoid large betatron oscillations. A homemade analytic code is used to compute the corrections that need to be applied before the beam injection to achieve a beam position accuracy of a few hundred micrometers in the first beam position monitors (BPMs). In order to do so the code needs the information provided by the ring’s diagnostic devices. The iterative feedback system has been tested using MadX simulations. Our simulations show that a performance that matches the BPMs’ accuracy can be achieved in less than 50 iterations in all cases. Details of this feedback algorithm, its efficiency and the simulations are discussed. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB117 [2.422 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB117  
About • paper received ※ 28 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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WEPAB118 Loss Maps Along the ThomX Transfer Line and the Ring First Turn HOM, electron, beam-losses, diagnostics 2874
 
  • A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, E.E. Ergenlik, V. Kubytskyi, H. Monard
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  
  Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051.
We report on studies of the loss maps for particles travelling from the end of the ThomX’s linac along the transfer line to the end of the ring first turn in preparation of the machine commissioning. ThomX is a 50-MeV-electron accelerator prototype which will use Compton backscattering to generate a high flux of hard X-rays. The accelerator tracking code MadX is used to simulate electrons’ propagation and compute losses. These maps may be projected at any localisation along the bunch path or plotted along the bunch path. This information is particularly relevant at the locations of the monitoring devices (screens, position monitors,…) where loss predictions will be compared with measurements. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB118 [3.173 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB118  
About • paper received ※ 28 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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WEPAB119 Beam Injection with a Pulsed Nonlinear Magnet Into the HALF Storage Ring storage-ring, lattice, dynamic-aperture, multipole 2878
 
  • G. Liu, W. Li, L. Wang, P.N. Wang
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  The nonlinear optics of the HALF storage ring are well optimized to make it possible to inject the beam with the pulsed multipole injection scheme. In this paper, the injection scheme is studied with an innovatively designed pulsed nonlinear magnet. The layout and parameters of the injection system are well designed based on the acceptance analysis. The injection process is simulated with particle tracking is presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB119  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB120 Upgrades to the Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line at the Canadian Light Source booster, septum, storage-ring, extraction 2881
 
  • W.A. Wurtz, T. Batten, B.E. Bewer, M. Bree, S.R. Carriere, A.M. Duffy, B. Fogal, L.X. Lin, C.M. Randall, B.A. Schneider, J.M. Vogt, J. Willard, T. Wilson
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  • P. Kuske
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  
  Investigations into the booster to storage ring transfer process identified non-linear fields in the booster extraction septum as the cause for the poor transfer efficiency. We found that by correcting the trajectory through the septum, the transfer efficiency improved substantially. This motivated an upgrade project to reliably control the trajectory through the septum and transfer line, to provide improved diagnostics and to implement a set of four horizontal scrapers to reduce the horizontal emittance of the beam before it reaches the storage ring.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB120  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEPAB121 Design and Simulation of Transparent Injection Upgrade for the CLS Storage Ring storage-ring, kicker, sextupole, simulation 2885
 
  • P.J. Hunchak, M.J. Boland
    University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
  • D. Bertwistle, M.J. Boland
    CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  
  The Canadian Light Source (CLS) synchrotron uses four fast kicker magnets to inject electrons into the storage ring from a 2.9 GeV booster ring. The injection occurs over several turns of the stored beam, which is also perturbed by the injection kickers. The resultant oscillations of the stored beam can negatively affect beamline experiments, so it is desirable to implement an injection scheme which does not disturb the stored beam. Injection schemes of this type allow for transparent injection and are beneficial for planned top-up operations of the CLS storage ring. Many alternative injection techniques were examined as they apply to the CLS storage ring. Pulsed multipole magnets and a non-linear kicker (NLK) are the most viable options for integration with the current ring. Non-linear kicker designs are also being considered for the proposed CLS2 and studying the NLK in the limitations of the current machine provides insight to guide the work on the new machine. Simulation with the accelerator code ELEGANT shows the viability of the non-linear kicker design as developed at BESSY, MAX IV and SOLEIL for transparent injection at the CLS.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB121  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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WEPAB122 Development of Fast and Super-Fast Kicker System for SLS 2.0 Injection kicker, impedance, electron, damping 2889
 
  • M. Paraliev, M. Aiba, S. Dordevic, C.H. Gough, A. Streun
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  Swiss Light Source plans a major upgrade to turn the existing Storage Ring (SR) into a modern diffraction-limited light source called SLS 2.0. As part of this project, the injection system has to be upgraded as well in order to ensure reliable and efficient injection in the reduced beam aperture. A 4 kicker bump and a new thin septum will ensure the conventional injection in the SR. To further minimize the perturbation of the stored beam during injection two new schemes are in development: "Fast" and "Super-fast" one. The "Fast" injection scheme should be able to ensure single-bunch off-axis top-up injection affecting only 10 to 20 SR bunches that are 2 ns apart. The "Super-fast" one should bring the perturbed bunches down to only one. In on-axis mode it should be able to inject a top-up bunch between two SR bunches with minimum disturbance of the adjacent ones. To do this a combination of special beam injection schemes and an extremely fast (ns) kicker system is required. We will discuss the status of the development, the problems, and the solutions for reaching such a challenging goal.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB122 [1.371 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB122  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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WEPAB123 Multi-Bunch Resistive Wall Wake Field Tracking via Pseudomodes in the ALS-U Accumulator Ring damping, simulation, feedback, kicker 2893
 
  • M.P. Ehrlichman, S. De Santis, T. Hellert, S.C. Leemann, G. Penn, C. Steier, C. Sun, M. Venturini, D. Wang
    LBNL, Berkeley, USA
  
  For the ALS-U project, particles will be injected from the booster to the accumulator ring utilizing an injection scheme that leaves the stored and injected particles with a non-trivial transient. This transient requires that multibunch feedback be masked for those buckets into which charge is injected. The masking significantly diminishes the damping capability of the multibunch feedback system. This problem is exacerbated by the large injection transient. The higher order resistive wall wake fields in the accumulator ring exceed the radiation damping time. To study whether the beam will remain multibunch stable during an injection cycle, a multibunch tracking simulation is used that simulates the multibunch feedback system and also pseudomode representation of resistive wall wake fields.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB123  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEPAB124 The Three Dipole Kicker Injection Scheme for the ALS-U Accumulator Ring kicker, septum, storage-ring, booster 2896
 
  • M.P. Ehrlichman, T. Hellert, S.C. Leemann, G. Penn, C. Steier, C. Sun, M. Venturini, D. Wang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The ALS-U light source will implement on-axis swap-out injection of individual trains employing an accumulator between the booster and storage rings. The accumulator ring design is a twelve period triple-bend achromat that will be installed along the inner circumference of the storage-ring tunnel. A non-conventional injection scheme will be utilized for top-off off-axis injection from the booster into the accumulator ring meant to accommodate a relatively narrow vacuum-chamber aperture while maximizing injection efficiency. The scheme incorporates three dipole kickers distributed over three sectors, with two kickers perturbing the stored beam and the third affecting both the stored and the injected beam trajectories. This paper describes this ‘‘3DK’’ injection scheme, how it was chosen, designed and optimized, and how we evaluated its fitness as a solution for booster-to-accumulator ring injection against alternate injection schemes.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB124  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB125 Acceptance Analysis Method for the Scheme Design of Multipole Kicker Injection kicker, multipole, storage-ring, simulation 2900
 
  • P.N. Wang, W. Li, G. Liu, L. Wang
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  A pulsed multipole kicker has zero magnetic field at the center, consequently, this injection scheme can be transparent to the stored beam and users. In general, multipole kicker injection schemes are derived from the method of phase space analysis. In this paper, a new method of acceptance analysis based on multi-particles tracking is proposed. Using this method, we can quickly obtain multiple kicker injection schemes and easily make adjustments to them. The details of this method are presented and we apply it to the HALF storage ring as an example. A series of tracking simulations are carried out and results are also discussed.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB125 [0.930 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB125  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB158 Compact Terahertz-Powered Electron Photo-Gun electron, gun, cathode, acceleration 2983
 
  • T. Kroh, H. Çankaya, U. Demirbas, M. Fakhari, N.H. Matlis, M. Pergament, T. Rohwer
    CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
  • R.W. Aßmann, H. Dinter, M.J. Kellermeier
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • M. Hemmer, F.X. Kärtner
    Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) and Center for Free Electron Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
  • F.X. Kärtner
    The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the Cluster of Excellence "CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter" of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - EXC 2056 - project ID 390715994.
Novel accelerator concepts such as all-optical THz based compact accelerators promise to enable new science due to unique features such as reduced timing-jitter and improved space-charge broadening of the generated electron bunches. However, multi-keV electron photo-guns based on short single-cycle THz pulses for acceleration have not been demonstrated experimentally so far. Here, we present a modular THz-driven electron gun with both tunable interaction length and output orifice allowing optimization of the sub-mm interaction volume. First extraction of multi-keV electrons is demonstrated and the parameter space as well as resulting performance of the THz-driven gun by varying the timing of the two single-cycle THz pulses and the UV photo-excitation pulse are explored. Such compact gun prototypes are not only promising as injectors for compact THz-based LINACs but also as source for ultrafast electron diffraction experiments. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB158  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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WEPAB176 Acceleration of He+ Beams for Injection Into NICA Booster During its First Run ion-source, rfq, booster, heavy-ion 3016
 
  • K.A. Levterov, V.P. Akimov, D.S. Letkin, D.O. Leushin, V.V. Mialkovskiy
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • A.M. Bazanov, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, D. Egorov, A.R. Galimov, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, V.V. Kobets, A.D. Kovalenko, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.A. Monchinsky, D.O. Ponkin, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin, G.V. Trubnikov, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • H. Höltermann, H. Podlech
    BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) is designed to accelerate the heavy ions with ratio A/Z<=6.25 produced by ESIS ion source up to the 3.2 MeV for the injection into superconducting synchrotron (SC) Booster. HILAC was commissioned in 2018 using the carbon beams from Laser Ion Source (LIS). The project output energy was verified. Transmission could be estimated only for DTL structure because of the presence at the RFQ input the mixture of ions with different charge states extracted from laser-plasma. To estimate transmission through the whole linac the ion source producing the only species He+ was designed. The beams of He+ ions were used for the first run of SC Booster. The design of the helium ion source and results of the He+ beam acceleration and injection are described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB176  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEPAB177 Consideration of Triple-Harmonic Operation for the J-PARC RCS operation, bunching, simulation, cavity 3020
 
  • H. Okita
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  • M. Furusawa, Y. Sugiyama
    KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, C. Ohmori, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto, M. Yoshii
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  
  The wideband magnetic alloy (MA) cavities are employed in the J-PARC RCS. The dual-harmonic operation, in which each MA cavity is driven by superposition of the fundamental accelerating voltage and the second harmonic voltage, significantly improves the bunching factor and is indispensable for acceleration of the high intensity beams. The original LLRF control system was replaced with the new system in 2019, which can control the amplitudes of the higher harmonics as well as the fundamental and second harmonics. Therefore we consider to use additionally the third harmonic voltage for further improvement of the bunching factor during acceleration. By the triple-harmonic operation, the flat RF bucket can be realized with a higher synchronous phase and improvement of the bunching factor is expected. In this presentation, we describe the longitudinal simulation studies of the triple-harmonic operation. Also the preliminary test results are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB177  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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WEPAB179 Recent Status of J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron operation, shielding, synchrotron, proton 3027
 
  • K. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  
  The 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) at the Ja-pan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) provides more than 500 kW beams to the Material and Life Science Facility (MLF) and Main Ring (MR). In such a high-intensity hadron accelerator, even losing less than 0.1% of the beam can cause many problems. Such lost protons can cause serious radio-activation and accelerator component malfunctions. Therefore, we have been continuing a beam study to achieve high-power operation. In addition, we have also improved and maintained the accelerator components to enable stable operation. This paper reports the status of the J-PARC RCS over the last two years.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB179  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEPAB193 Optimization of the Hadron Ring Stripline Injection Kicker for the EIC kicker, impedance, simulation, wakefield 3073
 
  • M.P. Sangroula, C.J. Liaw, C. Liu, N. Tsoupas, B.P. Xiao, W. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • X. Sun
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • S. Verdú-Andrés
    Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a high luminosity, (  ∼  1034  \textrm{cm}-2 \textrm{s}-1 ) accelerator facility colliding polarized electron beam with different ion species ranging from lighter nuclei (proton, deuterium) to heavier nuclei (gold, uranium). Design of a stripline injection kicker for the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of EIC for beams with the rigidity of  ∼  81 T-m poses some technical challenges due to expected shorter bunch spacing and higher peak current of EIC. This paper focuses on the optimization of the EIC hadron ring injection kicker. Starting from the 2D cross-section design which includes the selection of electrodes shape, we describe the optimization of the kicker’s cross-section. Then we discuss converting this 2D geometry to 3D by adding essential components for the stripline kicker and the 3D optimization techniques that we employed. Finally, we show simulation results for the optimized geometry including wakefields and Time Domain Reflection (TDR) from one feedthrough to another. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB193  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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WEPAB199 Study on the Important Technologies of 300MeV Upgrade for the CSNS Injection System electron, power-supply, vacuum, neutron 3089
 
  • M.Y. Huang, C.D. Deng, L. Kang, L. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Qi, S. Wang, Q.B. Wu, Y.W. Wu, S.Y. Xu, W.Q. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, T. Huang, H.C. Liu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. U1832210 and 12075134).
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS-I) have achieved the design goal of 100kW beam power on the target in Feb., 2020. As the second phase of the CSNS, CSNS-II will achieve a beam power on the target of 500 kW. The injection energy of CSNS-II will be increased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the average beam current of the Linac will increase 5 times. Therefore, the injection system will require a complete upgrade. In this paper, the design scheme of the injection system for CSNS-II will be introduced. The key technologies of the upgrade injection system will be carefully analyzed and pre-developed, such as the pulse power supplies and their magnets, the special-shaped ceramic vacuum chambers, the main stripping foil, the stripped electron collection, and so on. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB199  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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WEPAB200 Study on the Measurement and Residual Dose of the CSNS Stripping Foil scattering, MMI, neutron, simulation 3093
 
  • M.Y. Huang, L. Kang, S. Wang, Q.B. Wu, S.Y. Xu, Y.L. Zhang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, W.L. Huang, H.C. Liu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 12075134 and U1832210).
In this paper, firstly, the application and service life of the main stripping foil for the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) were introduced. The stripping efficiency of the main stripping foil have been measured and studied. Then, by using the codes FLUKA and ORBIT, the particle scattering of the main stripping foil has been simulated and the theoretical residual doses in the injection region caused by the foil scattering were obtained. By weekly measurement of the residual doses in the injection region, the actual residual doses near the main stripping foil were given. The residual doses comparison results have confirmed that the particle scattering of the main stripping foil is the most important source of the residual doses in the injection region. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB200  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEPAB202 Thermal Analysis of a Compact Split-Coaxial CW RFQ for the IsoDAR RFQ-DIP rfq, simulation, cyclotron, target 3097
 
  • D. Koser, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett
    BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
  
  The RFQ direct injection project (RFQ-DIP) for the neutrino physics experiment IsoDAR aims at an efficient injection of a high-current H2+ beam into the dedicated 60 MeV driver cyclotron. Therefore, it is intended to use a compact 32.8 MHz RFQ structure of the split-coaxial type as a pre-buncher. To determine the thermal elongation of the 1.4 m long electrode rods as well as the thermal frequency detuning of the RF structure at a maximum nominal power load of 3.6 kW, an extensive thermal and structural mechanical analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics was conducted. The water heating along the cooling channels as well as the properties of heat transfer from the copper structure to the cooling water were taken into account, which required CFD simulations of the cooling water flow in the turbulent regime. Here we present the methods and results of the sophisticated thermal and structural mechanical simulations using COMSOL and provide a comparison to more simplistic simulations conducted with CST Studio Suite.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB202  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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WEPAB210 Beam Commissioning of the New 160 MeV H− Injection System of the CERN PS Booster emittance, simulation, scattering, brightness 3116
 
  • E. Renner, S.C.P. Albright, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, G.P. Di Giovanni, L.O. Jorat, E.H. Maclean, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, T. Prebibaj, G. Rumolo, P.K. Skowroński, W.J.M. Weterings
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A key component to meeting the brightness targets of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project at CERN is the new 160 MeV H− charge exchange injection system into the Proton Synchrotron Booster. This system has been in beam commissioning since December 2020, optimizing the beam production schemes for tailoring different beams to the respective user-defined brightness targets. In this paper, selected measurements from the beam commissioning period are presented, characterizing the system’s flexibility to produce the required wide range of transverse emittances. The discussion focuses on the essential optimization of the injection set-up to minimize space charge driven emittance blow-up and injection errors. The results are completed by selected comparisons with multi-particle simulation models of the injection process.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB210  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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WEPAB216 6D Simulations of PIP-II Booster Injection scattering, controls, booster, closed-orbit 3138
 
  • J.-F. Ostiguy, D.E. Johnson
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The PIP-II superconducting linac will deliver 2 mA average H- beam current at 800 MeV to the existing Booster synchrotron over a period of 0.55 ms (285 turns). As a result, the injected beam power will quadruple to 17 kW. Safe operation at the increased beam power implies careful attention to the origin, magnitude, and distribution of both controlled and uncontrolled losses. Uncontrolled losses are due to neutral ions in excited states stripped in downstream magnets and large angle scattered protons from parasitic foil hits. The relative magnitudes of these loss mechanisms is used to determine the optimal foil thickness. A transverse painting scheme involving closed orbit motion will be used to mitigate space charge effects and minimize parasitic foil hits. Using a detailed full 6D simulation of the injection process, we compute large angle scattering losses and compare results to back of the envelope estimates. We investigate possible impact of space charge on the emittance and beam distribution both during and at the conclusion of the injection period. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB216  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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WEPAB224 Update of the Transverse Proton Synchrotron Impedance Model impedance, factory, vacuum, space-charge 3149
 
  • S. Joly, N. Mounet, B. Salvant
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • S. Joly
    La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • M. Migliorati
    INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy
  • M. Migliorati
    Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  
  The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) was recently upgraded to allow reaching the ambitious performance goal of the High-Luminosity LHC Project. This upgrade is part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project. The final part of the upgrade was performed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) to allow injection at higher energy from the PS Booster and a twofold increase in beam intensity and brightness. These changes must be considered in the PS impedance model. The effect on the impedance of the removal of obsolete injection equipment, changes of several accelerator components and new injection energy will be reviewed, as well as the wall impedance of the elliptic beam pipe, thanks to a newly developed code that allows taking into account both the ellipticity and the non-ultra-relativistic nature of the beam.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB224 [0.654 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB224  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEPAB245 A Possible Modification of Ceramic Chambers in the Injection Area at the RCS in J-PARC impedance, simulation, dipole, proton 3205
 
  • Y. Shobuda, K. Horino, J. Kamiya, K. Kotoku, T. Takayanagi, T. Ueno, T. Yanagibashi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  
  The J-PARC RCS is composed of ceramic chambers covered over copper stripes to suppress the eddy current on the chamber. The inductance, comprising the copper stripes and flanges, in combination with the capacitors makes an LCR electric circuit with the chamber and can cause field modulation in the chamber. Though most chambers are not harmful at the RCS, the chambers at the injection area excite beam losses, because a trapezoid field pattern is excited to accumulate LINAC beam during the injection period. In this report, we consider several types of ceramic chambers to suppress the field modulation. One type is a ceramic chamber covered over copper stripes in parallel with damping resistors. Another is that covered over spiral copper stripes with only capacitors.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB245  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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WEPAB252 Transient Beam-Beam Effect During Electron Bunch Replacement in the EIC electron, emittance, proton, simulation 3228
 
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, C. Montag, F.J. Willeke, D. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • Y. Hao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  The high luminosity, high polarization electron-ion collider (EIC) will provide great opportunities in nuclear physics study. In order to maintain high polarization, the electron beam will be replaced every few minutes during the collider operation. This frequent replacement of electron beams can affect proton beam quality during the collision. In this paper, we report on the study of the transient effect of electron beam replacement on proton beam emittance growth through strong-strong beam-beam simulation. The effect of electron beam injection imperfection will be included in the study.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB252  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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WEPAB284 Interlock System Upgrades at the CERN Accelerator Complex During Long Shutdown 2 linac, booster, extraction, operation 3316
 
  • J.A. Uythoven, A. Antoine, C. Martin, A. Mirana Fontan, R. Mompo, I. Romera, R. Secondo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The CERN accelerator complex stopped operation at the end of 2018 for the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), allowing for the LHC Injector Upgrade program (LIU) and consolidation work to be accomplished. A gradual restart of the different accelerators is ongoing in 2021, culminating with the LHC foreseen to be back in operation early 2022. During LS2 a very large range of systems was modified throughout the accelerator complex. This includes the so-called Machine Interlock systems, which are at the heart of the overall machine protection system. This paper gives an overview of the Machine Interlock systems changes during LS2. It includes the installation of a Beam Interlock System (BIS) at the new linear accelerator LINAC4, at the PS-Booster and the installation of a new Injection BIS for the SPS synchrotron. New Safe Machine Parameter flags to protect the SPS transfer line mobile beam dumps against high intensity beams were put in place. The new Warm Magnet Controller (WIC) installations at LINAC4 the PS Booster and the different transfer lines and experimental areas are presented together with the modifications to the Power Interlock Controller protecting the LHC superconducting magnets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB284  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEPAB296 A Klystron Phase Lock Loop for RF System at TPS Booster Ring controls, cathode, klystron, LLRF 3354
 
  • F.Y. Chang, M.H. Chang, S.W. Chang, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, Y.D. Li, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, Ch. Wang, M.-S. Yeh, T.-C. Yu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  In TPS booster ring, the DLLRF is used to controlled the ramping gap voltage and also the energy saving module is applied to save power while the ring does not inject beam. But we occurred to have a problem of PI saturation due to a large phase change when the energy saving module working. The energy saving module switches the anode voltage of the klystron from high to low level to decrease the cathode current while the ring does not inject and do the opposite while the ring injects. This action causes a large phase change of the transmitter and leads the PI controller to work in the wrong direction. We add a klystron phase loop to solve this situation.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB296 [0.792 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB296  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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WEPAB297 A Recent Upgrade on Phase Drift Compensation System for a Stable Beam Injection at J-PARC Linac linac, cavity, DTL, controls 3357
 
  • E. Cicek, Z. Fang, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • T. Hirane, S. Shinozaki
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • Y. Sato
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
  
  J-PARC linac, consisting of 324 MHz and 972 MHz acceleration sections, delivers H− beam to the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The drift in the beam injection momentum from linac to RCS was measured to be highly dependent on the humidity at the klystron gallery. Also, changes in both temperature and humidity strongly affect the rf field phase controlled within the digital feedback (DFB) system. To cope with this, a unique phase drift compensation system, namely the phase drift monitor (PDM) system, is implemented in the MEBT2B1 station as the first step at the linac. However, the compensation of the drift correction could not be achieved directly since two different frequencies were used. The new PDM, which adapts the direct sampling method using the Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC), will pave the way to ensure rf phase stability at all stations simultaneously. Here we present the effects of temperature and humidity on the rf field phase, along with performance and preliminary test results concerning the phase drift compensation.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB297  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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WEPAB341 Injection and Extraction Kickers for the Advanced Light Source Upgrade Project (ALS-U) kicker, storage-ring, impedance, extraction 3487
 
  • W.L. Waldron, D.A. Dawson, S. De Santis, T. Oliver, C. Steier
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Advanced Light Source upgrade project (ALS-U) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory includes the construction of a new accumulator ring and the replacement of the existing storage ring. Both ferrite-loaded kickers and stripline kickers are used in the ALS-U design for injection, extraction, and decohering the beam before storage ring extraction. In the accumulator ring, the rise and fall time requirements are based on the single bunch revolution time of 608 ns which allows the use of ferrite-loaded kickers. The 10 ns spacing between bunch trains in the storage ring requires stripline kickers to meet the rise and fall time requirements. Both types of kickers are driven by solid-state inductive voltage adders using MOSFETs. Modeling and prototyping efforts have characterized the kicker impedance and beam-induced heating, and explored the effects of beam strike on electrodes. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB341  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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WEPAB343 Inductive Adder Prototype for FCC-hh Injection Kicker System kicker, flattop, simulation, collider 3494
 
  • D. Woog, M.J. Barnes, T. Kramer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • H. De Gersem
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The future circular collider (FCC) requires a highly reliable injection kicker system. Present day kicker systems often rely on thyratron-based pulse generators and a pulse forming network or line: the thyratron is susceptible to self-triggering. Hence, an alternative pulse generator topology, based on fast semiconductor switches, is considered for the FCC. One possibility is an inductive adder (IA). A prototype IA has been designed and built: the main challenges are the fast rise time, high output current, low system impedance and a 2.3 us pulse duration combined with low droop. This paper presents the results of measurements on the prototype IA where the rated output current and output voltage were achieved separately. Suggested improvements to the IA hardware are identified and proposals are presented that could help improve the kicker system performance.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB343  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEPAB345 Impedance and Thermal Studies of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnet Upgrade kicker, impedance, simulation, coupling 3502
 
  • M.J. Barnes, O. Bjorkqvist, F. Motschmann
    CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
  
  The bunch intensities of High Luminosity (HL) LHC are predicted to lead to heating of the ferrite yokes of the LHC injection kicker magnets (MKI), in their current configuration, to their Curie temperature. Hence, the MKIs are being upgraded to meet the requirements of HL-LHC, which is planned to start in the mid-2020s. The upgraded design features an RF damping ferrite loaded structure at the upstream end of each magnet, which will absorb a large portion of the beam induced power deposition of the magnet. The ferrite damper is cooled via a copper sleeve, brazed to the ferrite, and a set of water pipes. The thermal contact conductance (TCC) between ferrite and copper is very important, as are the properties of the ferrite. In this paper, we present measurements of the TCC and ferrite properties. This data is used to predict temperatures during operation of the LHC. In addition, a measurement and prediction is shown for the longitudinal impedance of the magnet. The models developed in this study will be benchmarked during run III of the LHC.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB345  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB347 Design, Construction and Testing of a Magnetic Probe for Fast Kicker Magnets vacuum, impedance, kicker, operation 3510
 
  • N. Ayala, A. Ferrero Colomo, T. Kramer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The CERN PS injection kicker has been modified in the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project to allow injecting proton beams with an energy of 2 GeV. One of the most important items of the system parameter validation is the measurement and analysis of the magnetic field in the magnet aperture. To meet the required measurement precision without compromising the magnet vacuum performance, a dedicated magnetic probe has been designed, constructed and tested. The results are presented in this paper highlighting the mitigations of electrical, mechanical and vacuum complications. The paper concludes with an analysis of the probe performance during the first magnetic field measurements in the laboratory.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB347  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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WEPAB348 Injection and Extraction Systems of the SIS100 Heavy Ion Synchrotron at FAIR kicker, extraction, vacuum, septum 3514
 
  • I.J. Petzenhauser, U. Blell, S. Heberer
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The "Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research" (FAIR) is a new international accelerator complex, which is currently built in Darmstadt, Germany. Part of this complex is the SIS100 heavy ion synchrotron with a circumference of ~1086 m. To inject ions into the SIS100, an injection kicker system will we required. For fast extraction of the particle beam from the SIS100, an extraction kicker is used. This extraction kicker will be a bipolar system, this way it works as an emergency kicker at the same time. The fast kicker systems have to produce a current pulse >6 kA. To achieve this, energy storages are charged up to voltages >70 kV and are quickly discharged. The pulse durations vary from 0.5 us to 7 us, depending on the kicker type and the operation mode. Slow extraction of the ion beam will include an electrostatic septum, operating with voltages up to 160 kV. The requirements of these injection/extraction devices will be described in detail and the status of the projects will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB348  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB353 Design and Commissioning of a Multipole Injection Kicker for the SOLEIL Storage Ring kicker, synchrotron, storage-ring, operation 3525
 
  • R. Ollier, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, L.S. Nadolski
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  In third-generation synchrotron light sources, achieving an orbit distortion below 10% of the stored beam size is very challenging. The standard injection scheme of SOLEIL is made of 2 septa and 4 kicker magnets installed in a 12 m long straight section. Tuning the 4 kickers, to reduce perturbations, revealed to be almost impossible since it requires having 4 identical magnets, electronics, and Ti coated ceramic chambers. To reach the position stability requirement of the stored beam, a single pulsed magnet with no field on the stored beam path can replace the 4 kickers. Such a device, called MIK (Multipole Injection Kicker), was developed by SOLEIL and successfully commissioned in the MAX-IV 3-GeV ring as the key device used in the standard injection scheme for user operation, reducing the beam orbit distortion below 1 micron in peak value in both planes. A copy of the MIK has been installed in a short straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring, in January 2021. We report MIK positioning studies, the constraints of the project, sapphire chamber coating challenges and the first commissioning results. The R&D MIK is a demonstrator for the injection scheme of SOLEIL upgrade as well.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB353  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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WEPAB361 New Generation CERN LHC Injection Dump - Assembly and Installation (TDIS) vacuum, alignment, radiation, operation 3548
 
  • D. Carbajo Perez, E. Berthomé, C. Bertone, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, G. Bregliozzi, B. Bulat, C. Cadiou, M. Calviani, G. Cattenoz, A. Cherif, P. Costa Pinto, A. Dallocchio, M. Di Castro, P. Fessia, M.I. Frankl, R. Franqueira Ximenes, J.-F. Fuchs, H. Garcia Gavela, J.-M. Geisser, L. Gentini, S.S. Gilardoni, M.A. Gonzalez De La Aleja Cabana, J.L. Grenard, J.M. Heredia, S. Joly, A. Lechner, J. Lendaro, J. Maestre, E. Page, M. Perez Ornedo, A. Perillo-Marcone, D. Pugnat, E. Rigutto, B. Salvant, A. Sapountzis, K. Scibor, R. Seidenbinder, J. Sola Merino, M. Taborelli, E. Urrutia, A. Vieille, C. Vollinger, C. Yin Vallgren
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Work supported by the Hilumi Project
During CERN’s LS2, several upgrades were performed to beam intercepting devices in the framework of the HL-LHC Project. Upgraded equipment includes two internal beam dumps (TDIS) intended for machine protection located at the injection points from the SPS to the LHC. These two devices have been assembled, tested, and installed around LHC Point 2 and Point 8 and are currently ready to get commissioned with the beam. They are 5.8m-long, three-module-segmented vacuum chambers, with large aperture to accommodate the injected and circulating beam and equipped with absorbing materials, These comprise graphite and higher Z alloys that are embedded on sub-assemblies reinforced with back-stiffeners made of TZM. The current contribution covers three main matters. First, it details the TDIS design and its key technical features. The second topic discussed is the outcome of an experiment where a prototype module was tested under high-energy beam impacts at CERN’s HiRadMat facility. To conclude it is presented the return of experience from the pre-series construction, validation and installation in the LHC tunnel. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB361  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEPAB367 Bubble Generation in the SNS 2 MW Mercury Target target, proton, experiment, operation 3567
 
  • C.N. Barbier, M.P. Costa, K.C. Johns, D. Ottinger, F. Rasheed, B.W. Riemer, R.L. Sangrey, J.R. Weinmeister, D.E. Winder
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  The accelerator at the Spallation Neutron Source is currently being upgraded to increase the proton beam power from 1.4 MW to 2.8 MW. About 2 MW will go to the first target station, while the rest will go to the future second target station. The first target station uses a mercury target. When the short proton beam pulse hits it, strong pressure waves are developed inside the mercury and the vessel itself, causing weld failures and cavitation erosion. The pressure wave can be significantly mitigated by injecting small helium bubbles into the mercury. SNS has been injecting helium since 2017 using small orifices but has met challenges in fabrication and operations with them. Thus, for the 2 MW target, swirl bubblers will be used to increase gas injection and improve reliability. A 2 MW prototypical target was built and tested in a mercury process loop available at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Acrylic viewports on the top of the target were used to determine the bubble size distribution (BSD) generated by the swirl bubblers. It was found that the bubblers were not only capable of generating small bubbles but that the BSD was independent of gas injection rate.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB367  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB371 Numerical Analysis on Nitrogen Injection Fire Extinguishing System in the LINAC Area at TPS simulation, linac, GUI, gun 3578
 
  • J.-C. Chang, W.S. Chan, Y.F. Chiu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  The Linear accelerator (LINAC) of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) could generate electrons to 150 MeV. The main subsystems including an electron gun, buncher, accelerating sections, vacuum system, and focusing and steering magnets are located in the LINAC area of 223.5 m2 and 3 m in height. We designed a nitrogen injection fire extinguishing system for the LINAC area and performed Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation to analyse the fire extinguishing performance with and without fresh air supplied from the air conditioning system.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB371  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB399 Applications of the Local Observable in Future Optics Measurements in HL-LHC and PETRA III optics, lattice, experiment, quadrupole 3642
 
  • A. Wegscheider, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Phase advances among four nearby beam position monitors in a circular accelerator can be used to calculate a local observable of quadrupolar lattice imperfections. This work explores the applicability of this local observable to two different circular accelerators: PETRA III, a synchrotron light source, and the LHC, a hadron collider as well as its upgrade project HL-LHC. MADX simulations for important optics settings are performed, showing that the local observable can detect strong error sources. This is of particular interest in important regions of the accelerators like the LHC’s interaction regions and PETRA III’s experimental hall.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB399  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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THXC03 Evolution of the High-Power Spallation Neutron Mercury Target at the SNS target, operation, neutron, proton 3735
 
  • D.E. Winder
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: UT-Battelle, LLC, under Grant DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE).
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) began operation in 2006 and first operated at its full 1.4 MW power in 2013. Targets, which receive the pulsed proton beam, were a limiting factor for reliable full power operation for several years. Reaching reliable target operation at 1.4 MW required not only changes to the target design but also support and coordination across the entire SNS enterprise. The history and some key lessons learned are presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC03  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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THPAB021 Status of VEPP-5 Injection Complex positron, damping, electron, linac 3796
 
  • F.A. Emanov, A.V. Andrianov, K.V. Astrelina, V.V. Balakin, A.M. Barnyakov, A.M. Batrakov, O.V. Belikov, D.E. Berkaev, Y.M. Boimelshtain, D. Bolkhovityanov, A. Butakov, A.R. Frolov, G.V. Karpov, A.S. Kasaev, A.A. Kondakov, N.Kh. Kot, E.S. Kotov, G.Y. Kurkin, R.M. Lapik, N.N. Lebedev, A.E. Levichev, Yu.I. Maltseva, P.V. Martyshkin, S.V. Motygin, A.A. Murasev, V. Muslivets, D.A. Nikiforov, A.V. Pavlenko, A.M. Pilan, Yu.A. Rogovsky, S.L. Samoylov, A.G. Tribendis, S. Vasiliev, V.D. Yudin
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  VEPP-5 injection complex is being put into operation as beam source of VEPP-2000 and VEPP-4 colliders at the end of 2016. Since then injection complex demonstrated maximum positron storage rate 1.7·1010 e+/s and stable operation at the energy of 430 MeV. Latest operation results and prospects are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB021  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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THPAB078 SOLEIL Update Status controls, photon, synchrotron, vacuum 3945
 
  • L.S. Nadolski, G. Abeillé, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, I. Chado, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, A. Gamelin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, J.-F. Lamarre, V. Leroux, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, S. Pierre-Joseph Zéphir, F. Ribeiro, G. Schagene, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  SOLEIL is both a synchrotron light source and a research laboratory at the cutting edge of experimental techniques dedicated to matter analysis down to the atomic scale, as well as a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. This French 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source provides today extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines (BLs) complementary to ESRF. We report facility performance, ongoing projects and recent major achievements. Major R&D areas will also be discussed, and progress towards a lattice baseline for making SOLEIL a diffraction limited storage ring.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB078  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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THPAB081 High-Power Prototype Canon Coupler for APS-U Booster Cavities cavity, booster, GUI, coupling 3956
 
  • G.J. Waldschmidt, D.J. Bromberek, D. Horan, G. Trento, U. Wienands
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • T. Harada, H. Oikawa, H. Takahashi
    CETD, Tochigi, Japan
  
  The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) plans to achieve a beam capture efficiency above 90% at 17 nC bunch charge into the Booster. Due to large beam loading at injection, the 352-MHz Booster cavities will be significantly detuned necessitating effective-power handling much greater than the 100kW effective power rating of the present coupler. Canon Electron Tubes & Devices Co., Ltd. (CETD) has designed and built a compact coupler for the APS-U Booster using a high-power ceramic disk window design in addition to accommodating significant space restrictions and additional diagnostics and cooling requirements. The coupler design was modified from an existing 500MHz, 800kW coupler that has been in routine operation at KEKB. The APS-U coupler has been installed and tested in the high-power 352-MHz test stand at the APS. The details of the design and testing of the prototype coupler will be reported in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB081  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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THPAB082 Recent Operational Experience with Thermionic RF Guns at the APS gun, linac, operation, cathode 3959
 
  • Y. Sun, M. Borland, G.I. Fystro, X. Huang, H. Shang
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
The electron beam at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (APS) is generated from an S-band thermionic RF gun. There are two locations at the frontend of the linac where thermionic RF guns are installed – RG1 and RG2. Three so-called generation-III guns are available, two are installed at RG1 and RG2, one is a spare. In recent years, these guns are showing signs of aging after over a couple of decades of operations. RF trips started to occur, and we had to reduce the nominal operating rf power to alleviate the problem. In addition, beam generated by RG1 suffers from low transportation efficiency from the gun to the linac, and beam trajectory is unstable which results in charge instabilities. Recently, APS obtained a new type of prototype gun and it was beam commissioned in the linac. In this paper, we report our operational experience with these thermionic rf guns including thermionic-cathode beam extraction, gun front-end optimization for maximum charge transmission through the linac, linac lattice setup to match beam for injection into the Particle Accumulator Ring (PAR) and optimization for maximum PAR injection efficiency. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB082  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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THPAB090 Progress with the Diamond-II Storage Ring Lattice storage-ring, lattice, emittance, sextupole 3973
 
  • H. Ghasem, I.P.S. Martin, B. Singh
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  
  Building on the CDR proposal for the Diamond-II storage ring, a number of changes have been implemented to improve the performance of the lattice. Firstly, anti-bend magnets have been utilized to provide additional control over the dispersion function, and an improved symmetrization in the phase advance between the sextupoles was found to be beneficial for the dynamic aperture. Furthermore, the longitudinal variable bends have been tailored to reduce the emittance and have had transverse gradient added to improve the optics control in the mid-straights. In the absence of IDs, the current design provides 161 pm electron beam emittance, reducing to 139 pm once all effects are taken into account. The dynamic aperture is large enough to support an off-axis injection scheme using a nonlinear kicker and has a lifetime greater than 4 h. In this paper, the main parameters and magnet specifications for the Diamond-II lattice are provided. The related linear and non-linear beam dynamics issues are discussed, along with the impact of IDs.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB090  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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THPAB134 Development and Analysis of Software for the Numerical Simulation of Field Emission Electron Sources electron, simulation, software, electronics 4024
 
  • N.S. Kakorin, K.A. Nikiforov
    Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • N.V. Egorov
    St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-07-01086.
The open-source DAISI C++ package (Design of Accelerators, optImizations and SImulations) is extended with the ability to simulate the operation of electron sources in the field emission mode, with the user-defined initial distribution of emitted electrons velocities, as a model parameter, and with the automated calculation of current-voltage characteristics. Particles injection scheme is suggested. Computational experiments are performed for silicon carbide field emission electron source nanostructure with bimodal energy spectrum, revealed from experimental study, and comparative analysis with Maxwell distribution is presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB134  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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THPAB157 Studying X-Ray Spectra of the SIS18 Electrostatic Septa to Measure Their Electric Field extraction, septum, detector, electron 4065
 
  • B. Gålander, E. Kozlova, D. Ondreka, A. Sokolov, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  The synchrotron SIS18 at GSI uses resonant extraction for slow beam extraction on the order of seconds. For some time, there has been an unexplained discrepancy of the slow extraction with a lower extraction efficiency than expected at the highest beam energies. Recent machine studies have indicated that the deflection by the electrostatic septum might be less than the nominal 2.5 mrad, leading to increased losses at the magnetic septum. In this paper, we pursue an idea to directly measure the voltage of the electrode gap by utilizing the fact that dark current electrons accelerated in the gap of the electrostatic extraction septum generate Bremsstrahlung X-rays when hitting the anode. The high-energy cut-off of the X-ray spectra then corresponds to the voltage of the electrode gap. Measurements of the X-ray spectra at the extraction septum of SIS18 have been performed using a solid-state CdTe detector. This technique provides an in-situ measurement of the voltage applied to the electrostatic extraction channel and has proven to be a useful diagnostics tool.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB157  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 September 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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THPAB158 BEAM COLLIMATION IN THE PIP-II LINAC TO BOOSTER TRANSFER LINE booster, collimation, linac, proton 4068
 
  • D.E. Johnson, V.V. Kapin, J.-F. Ostiguy, V.I. Sidorov, M. Xiao
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • D.G. Georgobiani
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The new PIP-II superconducting linac will deliver a 2 mA average H- beam to the existing Booster synchrotron. The injected beam is accumulated by charge exchange over approximately 300 turns; phase space painting is used to mitigate space charge effects. To limit the power load on the internal waste beam absorber from the transverse tails of the H− distribution missing the foil, the beam will be collimated in both planes in the linac to Booster transfer line using compact collimators of a novel design. Both the number of parasitic hits and the fraction of the beam missing the foil are sensitive functions of the H− beam centroid position with respect to the edge of the foil. The positioning of the collimation is constrained by the availability of suitable space in the transfer line lattice, by specifics of the collimator design, by the phase space orientation at the collimator, and by the betatron phase advance to the foil needed to achieve proper orientation of the spatial distribution at the injection point. In this contribution, we describe the procedure by which collimator positions were optimized. We then discuss the expected performance of the overall system. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB158  
About • paper received ※ 04 June 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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THPAB165 5 MW Beam Power in the ESSnuSB Accumulator: A Way to Manage Foil Stripping Injection at 14 Hz Linac Pulse Rate emittance, linac, proton, space-charge 4072
 
  • H. Schönauer
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Y. Zou
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777419.
In the past, the scenario for foil stripping consisted of splitting a linac pulse into 4 rings, or 3 or 4 intermediate pulses, and one ring. At present, the scenario, in view of laser stripping, consists of one ring, one pulse, split into four batches. Conventional stripping geometry would lead to foil evaporation under this beam load. One way out appears to be replacing the standard corner foil by a single-edge foil rotated to about 45deg. The tilted foil allows moving the injection point together with the painting bumps along the foil edge, distributing the deposited beam power over a larger foil area. Simulation results obtained with the same tools as in the past scenarios are presented. They show peak foil temperatures, which compare with the best results obtained from the past scenarios. 		 
poster icon Poster THPAB165 [2.205 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB165  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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THPAB168 Optics Measurement by Excitation of Betatron Oscillations in the CERN PSB optics, dipole, kicker, MMI 4078
 
  • E.H. Maclean, F. Antoniou, F. Asvesta, H. Bartosik, C. Bracco, J. Dilly, E. Fol, H. Garcia Morales, M. Hofer, J. Keintzel, M. Le Garrec, T.E. Levens, L. Malina, T.H.B. Persson, T. Prebibaj, E. Renner, P.K. Skowroński, F. Soubelet, R. Tomás García, A. Wegscheider, L. van Riesen-Haupt
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Optics measurement from analysis of turn-by-turn BPM data of betatron oscillations excited with a kicker magnet has been employed very successfully in many machines but faces particular challenges in the CERN PSB where BPM to BPM phase advances are sub-optimal for optics reconstruction. Experience using turn-by-turn oscillation data for linear optics measurements during PSB commissioning in2021 is presented, with implications for the prospect of such techniques in the PSB more generally.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB168  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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THPAB172 Bunch Luminosity Variations in LHC Run 2 luminosity, emittance, experiment, operation 4094
 
  • I. Efthymiopoulos, S.D. Fartoukh, G. Iadarola, N. Karastathis, S. Papadopoulou, Y. Papaphilippou
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The LHC is designed to collide intense bunches of protons with tightly defined conditions, aimed to maximize the delivered recorded integrated luminosity to the experiments. One of these conditions is the maximum level of bunch-to-bunch fluctuation in the luminosity, in particular when levelling at maximum acceptable event rate at the experiments. Analysis results of the bunch-to-bunch luminosity variations in LHC Run 2 are presented here. In particular, the observed correlations with the LHC filling pattern that can enhance the effects introducing bunch-dependent losses or emittance blow-up from injection to collisions are discussed. In Run 2 conditions, bunch-by-bunch luminosity fluctuations reached 10% at the start of collisions and gradually increased with time, without affecting the experiments as the luminosity was not levelled. Projections for Run 3 and HL-LHC operation are discussed along with envisaged mitigation measures.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB172  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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THPAB182 DC-280 Cyclotron for Factory of Super Heavy Elements, Experimental Results cyclotron, acceleration, experiment, ECR 4126
 
  • V.A. Semin, S.L. Bogomolov, K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • L.A. Pavlov
    JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
  
  The DC280 is the high current cyclotron with design beam intensities up to 10 pµA for ions with energy from 4 to 8 MeV/nucleon. It was developed and created at the FLNR JINR. The first was extracted from the cyclotron on January 17, 2019. Experiments on acceleration of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, 48Ti, 52Cr and 84Kr beams production were carried out. The following intensities of accelerated beam have been achieved: 10 pµA for 12C+2; 9,2 pµA for 40Ar+7; 7,1 pµA for 48Ca+10; 1,0 pµA for 48Ti+10; 2,4 pµA for 52Cr+10 and 1.43 pµA for 84Kr+14;. The accelerator has worked more than 9000 hours. The work of accelerator was stable and high efficiency. The total acceleration efficiency from ion source to transport channel was about 46%.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB182  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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THPAB199 Studies of Longitudinal Beam Losses at LHC Injection simulation, impedance, beam-losses, extraction 4164
 
  • L.E. Medina Medrano, T. Argyropoulos, R. Calaga, H. Timko
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
Due to higher beam intensities, the required rf power in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era is expected to be at the limit of the available rf power. To mitigate potential limitations of the rf system, the injection voltage can be reduced at the expense of beam losses. In this paper, the average and bunch-by-bunch losses are estimated from Run 2 beam intensity measurements in the SPS before extraction and in the LHC after injection. Macro-particle simulations are performed with CERN’s Beam Longitudinal Dynamics code to reproduce the observed SPS-to-LHC capture and LHC flat-bottom losses. First estimates of injection losses for the HL-LHC at different injection voltages and injection energy errors are discussed. 		 
poster icon Poster THPAB199 [2.428 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB199  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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THPAB200 Cavity Control Modelling for SPS-to-LHC Beam Transfer Studies cavity, controls, beam-loading, simulation 4168
 
  • L.E. Medina Medrano, T. Argyropoulos, P. Baudrenghien, H. Timko
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
To accurately simulate injection losses in the LHC and the High-Luminosity LHC era, a realistic beam distribution model at SPS extraction is needed. To achieve this, the beam-loading compensation by the SPS cavity controller has to be included, as it modulates the bunch positions with respect to the rf buckets. This dynamic cavity control model also allows generating a more realistic beam halo, from which the LHC injection losses will mainly originate. In this paper, the implementation of the present SPS cavity controller in CERN’s Beam Longitudinal Dynamics particle tracking code is described. Just like in the machine, the feedback and feedforward controls are included in the simulation model, as well as the generator-beam-cavity interaction. Benchmarking against measurements of the generated beam distributions at SPS extraction are presented. 		 
poster icon Poster THPAB200 [4.164 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB200  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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THPAB224 The Correction of Time-Dependent Tune Shift by Harmonic Injection focusing, quadrupole, simulation, neutron 4234
 
  • X.H. Lu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • J. Chen, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  In the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron(RCS) of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS), transverse painting injection is employed to suppress the space-charge effects. The beta-beating caused by edge focusing of the injection bump magnets leads to tune shift. A new method based on the harmonic injection is firstly introduced to correct the time-dependent tune shift caused by the edge focusing effect of the chicane bump magnets in RCS. The simulation study was done on the application of the new method to the CSNS/RCS, and the results show the validity and effectiveness of the method.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB224  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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THPAB260 Detection and Classification of Collective Beam Behaviour in the LHC extraction, operation, controls, network 4318
 
  • L. Coyle, F. Blanc, T. Pieloni, M. Schenk
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • X. Buffat, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • E. Krymova, G. Obozinski
    SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
  Collective instabilities can lead to a severe deterioration of beam quality, in terms of reduced beam intensity and increased beam emittance, and consequently a reduction of the collider’s luminosity. It is therefore crucial for the operation of the CERN’s Large Hadron Collider to understand the conditions in which they appear in order to find appropriate mitigation measures. Using bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn beam amplitude data, courtesy of the transverse damper’s observation box (ObsBox), a novel machine learning based approach is developed to both detect and classify these instabilities. By training an autoencoder neural network on the ObsBox amplitude data and using the model’s reconstruction error, instabilities and other phenomena are separated from nominal beam behaviour. Additionally, the latent space encoding of this autoencoder offers a unique image like representation of the beam amplitude signal. Leveraging this latent space representation allows us to cluster the various types of anomalous signals.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB260  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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THPAB291 DYVACS (DYnamic VACuum Simulation) Code: Gas Density Profiles in Presence of Electron Cloud in the LHC electron, proton, vacuum, photon 4373
 
  • S. Bilgen, B. Mercier, G. Sattonnay
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  • V. Baglin
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  The computation of residual gas density profiles in particle accelerators is an essential task to optimize beam pipes and vacuum system design. In a hadron collider such as the LHC, the beam induces dynamic effects due to ion, electron, and photon-stimulated gas desorption. The well-known VASCO* code developed at CERN in 2004 is already used to estimate vacuum stability and density profiles in steady-state conditions. Nevertheless, some phenomena are not taken into account such as the ionization of residual gas by the electron clouds and the evolution of the electronic density related to the electron cloud build-up. Therefore, we propose an upgrade of this code by introducing electron cloud maps** to estimate the electron density and the ionization of gas by electrons leading to an increase of induced desorption. The pressure evolution computed with DYVACS reproduces with good accuracy the experimental pressure recorded in the VPS beam pipes sector*** of the LHC from the proton beam injection to the stable beam period. Additionally, DYVACS can also be used as a predictive tool to compute the pressure evolution in the beam pipes for Future Circular Colliders (FCC-hh or -ee).
* A. Rossi, Tech. Report, LHC Project Note 341
** T. Demma et al Phys. Rev. Acceler. and Beams 10, 114401 (2007)
*** B. Henrist et al, Proc. IPAC2014, Dresden
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB291  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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THPAB311 Using Linear Regression to Model the Parameters of the Flat Wires in TLS-EPU56 feedback, undulator, hardware, electron 4399
 
  • S.J. Huang, Y.H. Chang, T.Y. Chung
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • Y.W. Chen
    Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  
  Although a theoretical calculation might predict the set currents of the flat wires, which are used to compensate the deviation in the Betatron tune caused by the elliptically polarized undulator (EPU), those set currents must still be tuned in reality. To approach this reality, a strategy of Machine Learning was adopted, which included collecting real-condition data and using a linear-regression model to adjust the parameters of the flat wires. After training the model, the predictions in variables tune x, tune y and beam size x were compared with the required amount of correction of the EPU at various gaps and phases. To prove the feasibility of this method, a test was performed under the real conditions of accelerator Taiwan Light Source (TLS).  
poster icon Poster THPAB311 [1.226 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB311  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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THPAB324 PIP-II 800 MeV Proton Linac Beam Pattern Generator booster, linac, MEBT, kicker 4426
 
  • H. Maniar, B.E. Chase
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • J.E. Dusatko
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • S. Khole
    BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
  • D. Sharma
    RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
  
  The PIP2 IT Beam Pattern Generator is the system that synchronizes beam injection and the RF systems between the PIP2 LINAC to the Booster. The RF frequencies of these two accelerator systems are not harmonically related. Synchronization is accomplished by controlling two MEBT Beam Choppers, which select 162.5MHz beam bunches from the LEBT and RFQ to produce an appropriate reduced beam bunch pattern that enables bucket-to-bucket transfer to the Booster RF at 46.46MHz (84th harmonic). This chopping pattern also reduces the beam current to an average of 2mA over the Booster injection, matching the Linac nominal beam current. The BPG also generates the RF frequency/phase reference which the Booster will phase lock to during injection. The BPG is fully programmable, allowing for arbitrary beam patterns with adjustable timing parameters, having a fine adjustment resolution of 38ps. The latter is accomplished using digital signal processing techniques. This paper discusses the design of the BPG, its construction, test results, and operational experience after being integrated into the PIP2 IT test accelerator and concludes with a discussion of the system’s performance and future plans.  
poster icon Poster THPAB324 [0.676 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB324  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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THPAB336 Novel Magnetron Operation and Control Methods for Superconducting RF Accelerators controls, operation, cavity, SRF 4442
 
  • G.M. Kazakevich, R.P. Johnson
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • T.N. Khabiboulline, G.V. Romanov, V.P. Yakovlev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  High power magnetrons designed and optimized for industrial heating, being injection-locked, have been suggested to power superconducting RF cavities for accelerators due to lower cost and higher efficiency. However, standard operation methods do not provide high efficiency with wideband control suppressing microphonics. We have developed and experimentally verified novel methods of operating and controlling the magnetron that provide stable RF generation with higher efficiency and lower noise than other RF sources. By our method the magnetrons operate with the anode voltage notably lower than the self-excitation threshold improving its performance. This is also a promising way to increase tube reliability and longevity. A magnetron operating with the anode voltage lower than the self-excitation threshold, in so-called stimulated coherent generation mode has special advantage for pulse operation with a gated injection-locking signal. This eliminates the need for expensive pulsed HV modulators and additionally increases the magnetron RF source efficiency due to absence of losses in HV modulators.  
poster icon Poster THPAB336 [0.960 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB336  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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THPAB354 Deployment and Commissioning of the CERN PS Injection Kicker System for Operation with 2 GeV Beams in Short Circuit Mode kicker, operation, MMI, controls 4489
 
  • T. Kramer, N. Ayala, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, P.A.H. Burkel, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, A. Ferrero Colomo, M.A. Fraser, L.A. Govertsen, R. Noulibos, S. Pavis, L. Sermeus
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Within the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project, the feasibility and design of an upgrade of the existing CERN PS proton injection kicker system have been outlined in previous publications already. This paper describes the adjustments of final design choices, testing, and deployment as well as the validation and commissioning of the new 2 GeV injection kicker system. The upgrade pays particular attention to the reduction of pulse reflections unavoidably induced by a magnet in short circuit mode configuration whilst keeping a fast 104 ns rise and fall time. An adapted thyratron triggering system to reduce jitter and enhance thyratron lifetime is outlined. Additionally, improvements to the magnet entry box and the elimination of SF6 gas in the magnet connection box and the associated pulse transmission lines are discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB354  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 14 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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THPAB359 Simulations of the Stage 2 FFA Injection Line of LhARA for Evaluating Beam Transport Performance space-charge, simulation, laser, target 4495
 
  • W. Shields
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • A. Kurup, H.T. Lau, K.R. Long, J. Pasternak
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  
  A new, novel facility for radiobiological research, the Laser-hybrid Accelerator for Radiobiological Applications (LhARA), has recently been proposed. LhARA will be a two-stage facility with the first stage employing laser-target acceleration to produce intense proton bunches of energies up to 15 MeV. The second stage will accelerate the beam in an FFA ring up to 127 MeV. Optimal performance of stage 2, however, will require an emittance reduction of the stage 1 beam due to the FFA’s nominal dynamical acceptance. Here, we demonstrate a new optical configuration of LhARA’s stage 1 lattice that will provide this reduced emittance. The profile of the laser-target generated beam is far from an ideal Gaussian, therefore two start-to-end Monte Carlo particle tracking codes have been used to model beam transport performance from the laser-target source through to the end of the stage 2 FFA injection line. The Geant4-based Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) was used to model beam losses and the collimation that is crucial to LhARA’s energy selection system, and General Particle Tracer (GPT) was used to model the space-charge effects that may impact performance given the emittance reduction.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB359  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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FRXA01 Full Energy On-Demand Beam Injection from SACLA into the SPring-8 Storage Ring electron, FEL, operation, linac 4508
 
  • H. Maesaka, T. Fukui, T. Hara, T. Hiraiwa, T. Inagaki, E. Iwai, H. Tanaka, K. Togawa
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  • H. Dewa, T. Fujita, K. Fukami, N. Hosoda, A. Kiyomichi, M. Masaki, S. Matsubara, T. Ohshima, M. Oishi, K. Soutome, S. Takano, T. Watanabe
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
  • C. Kondo
    JASRI, Hyogo, Japan
  
  The beam injector for the SPring-8 storage ring (SR) was switched from the booster synchrotron to the SACLA linac, a driver for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). The low-emittance beam from SACLA (~100 pm rad, 8 GeV) is delivered to the SR through a 600m-long beam transport line. This low-emittance beam can be applied to the new low-emittance storage ring after the SPring-8 upgrade planed in the coming years. The shutdown of the booster synchrotron and 1-GeV linac saves energy consumption and operation cost. To provide the electron beam injected to the SR on demand for the top-up injection during the XFEL operation, the SACLA linac must be synchronized to the desired bucket of the SR, the beam energy and route must be switched shot-to-shot, and the XFEL performance must not be degraded. We developed a precise synchronization system, on-demand beam route and parameter switching system, a pulsed magnet for the switchyard, isolated bunch purification system, etc. In this presentation, we will show the design and performance of each component for the beam injection and the results from beam commissioning of the accelerator and transport line.  
slides icon Slides FRXA01 [3.446 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXA01  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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FRXB04 Newly Development of Ceramics Chamber with Integrated Pulsed Magnet for Super-Narrow Bore in KEK-PF kicker, multipole, dipole, vacuum 4524
 
  • C. Mitsuda, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, S. Nagahashi, T. Nogami, T. Obina, R. Takai, H. Takaki, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • K. Hamaji, K. Iwamoto, A. Sasagawa, A. Yokoyama
    KYOCERA Corporation, Higashiomi-city, Shiga, Japan
  • Y. Lu
    Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Ceramics chamber with integrated pulsed magnet (CCiPM) is a new air-core type magnet that has a plan to be used as a multipole injection magnet, a dipole injection kicker, and a fast correction kicker in the next-generation light source. The magnet coils are implanted completely into the thickness of cylindrical ceramic and integrated with ceramic structurally. The first CCiPM was developed for an internal diameter of 60 mm as a magnet bore to establish the basic production techniques. The technique has been enhanced to realize narrower bore over 3 years, and finally, the achieved internal diameters were 40 and 30 mm in newly developed CCiPM. These super small bores have an expectation to conform to the size of the vacuum beam duct in the ring of a future light source. New CCiPMs are under the off-line test to confirm the vacuum durability, electrical characteristics, and magnetic performance, and the beam test for the CCiPM with 30 mm diameter has also proceeded in parallel. The points of production technique and the recent results of the off-line test will be presented in this conference.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXB04  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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