Keyword: solenoid
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MOPAB015 Feasibility of Polarized Deuteron Beam in the EIC resonance, polarization, proton, detector 87
 
  • H. Huang, F. Méot, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The physics program in the EIC calls for polarized neutron beam at high energies. The best neutron carriers are 3He nuclei and deuterons. Both neutron carries are expected to be used by spin physics program in the EIC. Due to the small magnetic moment anomaly of deuteron particles, much higher magnetic fields are required for spin rotation, so full Siberian snake is not feasible. However, the resonance strength is in general weak and the number of resonances is also small. It is possible to deal with individual resonances with conventional methods, such as betatron tune jump for intrinsic depolarizing resonances; and a weak partial snakes for imperfection resonances. The study shows that accelerating polarized deuteron beyond 100GeV/n is possible in the EIC. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB015 [0.977 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB015  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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MOPAB134 Normalized Transverse Emittance Reduction via Ionization Cooling in MICE ’Flip Mode’ emittance, simulation, experiment, betatron 474
 
  • P.B. Jurj
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  
  Low emittance muon beams are central to the development of a Muon Collider and can significantly enhance the performance of a Neutrino Factory. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) has recorded several million individual muon tracks passing through a liquid hydrogen or a lithium hydride absorber and has demonstrated the ionization cooling of muon beams. Previous analysis used a restricted data set, and the beam matching was not perfect. In this analysis, beam sampling routines were employed to account for imperfections in beam matching at the entrance into the cooling channel and enable an improvement of the cooling measurement. A study of the normalized transverse emittance change in the MICE cooling channel set up in a flipped polarity magnetic field configuration is presented. Additionally, the evolution of the canonical angular momentum across the absorber is shown and the characteristics of the cooling effect are discussed.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB134 [1.821 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB134  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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MOPAB162 The First Trial of XY-Coupled Beam Phase Space Matching for Three-Dimensional Spiral Injection injection, coupling, site, experiment 553
 
  • M.A. Rehman, K. Furukawa, H. Hisamatsu, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, K. Oda
    Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Matsushita
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
  • N. Saito
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  
  Funding: Work supported by "Grant in Aid" for Scientific Research, JSPS (KAKENHI# 26287055, KAKENHI#19H00673)
The most recent measurement of muon g-2 results in a 3.8σ discrepancy with the equally precise theoretical prediction. The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment (E34) is in preparation to decipher this discrepancy and unravel the new physics beyond the standard model. The precision goal for g-2 is 0.1 ppm. To achieve this precision goal a novel 3-D spiral injection scheme has been devised to inject and store the beam into a small diameter MRI-type storage magnet for E34. The new injection scheme features smooth injection with high storage efficiency for the compact magnet. However, the spiral injection scheme is an unproven idea, therefore, a Spiral Injection Test Experiment (SITE) at KEK Tsukuba Campus is underway to establish this injection scheme. Due to the axial symmetric field of the solenoid magnet, a strongly XY-coupled beam is required. To produce the required phase space for the solenoid-type storage magnet, a beam transport line consisting of three rotatable quadrupole magnets has been designed and built for SITE. The vertical beam size reduction by means of phase space matching and other geometrical information has been successfully measured by the wire scanners. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB162  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB163 First Synchronous Measurement of Single-Bunched Electron and Positron Beams with a Wideband Feedthrough-BPM at the Positron Capture Section of the SuperKEKB Injector Linac positron, electron, wakefield, linac 557
 
  • M.A. Rehman, F. Miyahara, T. Suwada
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  The SuperKEKB is an asymmetric e−/e+ collider with 40 times higher luminosity than the KEKB project, to explore the new physics beyond the standard model. For the SuperKEKB, the positrons are created by striking the accelerated electrons at a tungsten target. The secondary electrons are also produced during the positron creation process and accelerated in the capture section. Because of phase slipping in the capture section, the secondary electron bunch is only  ∼ 180 ps away from the positron. Conventional stripline-type BPM cannot detect such closely spaced and opposite polarity signals due to slow frequency response and high cable losses. Therefore, a new wideband feedthrough-type beam position monitor was developed. It was successfully employed at the positron capture section of the SuperKEKB injector linac for the first synchronous measurement of the electron and positron beams. The cable losses effect also has been de-embedded to reveal correct signal properties. This paper describes the initial results of synchronous measurement of e−/e+ transverse position.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB163  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
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MOPAB196 Field tuning of the 1 MeV/n RFQ at KOMAC rfq, ion-source, dipole, quadrupole 662
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.J. Dang, W.-H. Jung, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, K.H. Kim, S. Lee
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) operation funds through Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST) of Korean Government.
A 1 MeV/n Radio-frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is under development at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC), the purposes of which are swift ion beam irradiation and compact neutron source. The RFQ was designed to accelerate ions with mass to charge (A/q) ratio up to 2.5. The designed peak current was 10 mA with 10% duty ratio. The RFQ is four vane structure resonated at 200 MHz. It has total 40 frequency tuners. There are no dipole rods and resonant coupling plate because the mode separation was large enough and the length of the RFQ was only two times of the wavelength. In this paper, the development status and field tuning results of the 1 MeV/n RFQ are presented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB196  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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MOPAB221 Developments of a Pulse Kicker System for the Three-Dimensional Spiral Beam Injection of the J-PARC Muon g-2/EDM Experiment kicker, injection, experiment, power-supply 726
 
  • K. Oda, H. Hirayama, H. Iinuma, Y. Sato, M. Sugita
    Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M. Abe, K. Furukawa, T. Mibe, H. Nakayama, S. Ohsawa, M.A. Rehman, N. Saito, K. Sasaki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • R. Matsushita
    The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
  
  The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to perform ultra-precise measurements of anomalous magnetic moments (g-2) and electric dipole moments (EDM) from the spin precession of muons in a precise magnetic field and to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. On experimental requirements, the beam must be stored in a compact storage orbit with a diameter of 66 cm, which is about 1/20th smaller than that of the previous experiment. To be realized, we adopt an unprecedented injection technique called the three-dimensional spiral injection scheme. In this scheme, the beam is injected from upward of the solenoidal storage magnet. The vertical beam motion along the solenoid axis is controlled by a few 100 ns pulse kicker. Once the beam is guided into the center fiducial storage volume, the muon beam is stored by the weak focusing magnetic field. Therefore, stable and accurate control of the pulse kicker is one of the major technical challenges to realize the ultra-precise measurement of the muon spin precession. In this presentation, we discuss the performance of the prototype pulse kicker device and future plan for installation of it to our test bench with an electron beam.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB221  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB276 Investigation on the injection of the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP cyclotron, injection, background, radiation 873
 
  • F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-Harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, C. Lassalle, H. Trichet
    Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
  • F. Haddad
    SUBATECH, Nantes, France
  
  Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
A 70 MeV cyclotron is being used at the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, for various types of R&D on nuclear, biological and chemical reactions with beams and radioisotopes production. In order to adapt its usage for experiments and users demands of high peak intensity, above an equivalent average of a few µA, the injection is being adapted. Several studies are thus being performed in this section. These include the newly installed chopper-based system and the injection collimator. This paper details the various studies, specifically the signal purity obtained in the pulsed mode. A mode particularly adapted for flash irradiation. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB276 [2.522 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB276  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB280 Split Ring Resonator Experiment - Simulation Results simulation, laser, electron, experiment 888
 
  • J. Schäfer, B. Härer, A. Malygin, A.-S. Müller, M. Nabinger, M.J. Nasse, T. Schmelzer, M. Schuh, T. Windbichler
    KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
  
  Funding: Supported by "Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology (KSETA)" and European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme.
FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment) is a compact linac-based test facility for accelerator and diagnostics R&D. An example for a new accelerator diagnostics tool currently studied at FLUTE is the split-ring-resonator (SRR) experiment, which aims to measure the longitudinal bunch profile of fs-scale electron bunches. Laser-generated THz radiation is used to excite a high frequency oscillating electromagnetic field in the SRR. Particles passing through the SRR gap are time-dependently deflected in the vertical plane, which allows a vertical streaking of an electron bunch. This principle allows a diagnosis of the longitudinal bunch profile in the femtosecond time domain and will be tested at FLUTE. This contribution presents an overview of the SRR experiment and the results of various tracking simulations for different scenarios as a function of laser pulse length and bunch charge. Based on these results possible working points for the experiments at FLUTE will be proposed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB280  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB282 Development of a Multi-Camera System for Non-Invasive Intense Ion Beam Investigations diagnostics, ion-source, vacuum, experiment 895
 
  • A. Ateş, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wagner
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  The continued popularity of miniaturized cameras integrated into smartphones is leading to further research for more advanced CMOS camera sensors. This made CMOS technology even superior to scientific CCD cameras. Due to the lower power consumption and high flexibility, a multicamera system can be developed more effectively. At the Institute of Applied Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt (IAP) a prototype of a beam induced rest gas fluorescence monitor (BIF) was developed and tested successfully. The BIF consists of x and y single board cameras integrated into the vacuum chamber. A multi-camera system was installed in the LEBT area of the FRANZ project at the IAP within the first diagnostic chamber. This system consists of six cameras. With this equipment it is possible to investigate the beam along a 484 mm path in x and y direction. The developments on the reconstruction and image processing methods are in progress.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB282 [1.139 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB282  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
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MOPAB321 Schlieren Imaging for Flow Visualisation of Gas Jet in Vacuum for Accelerator Applications vacuum, controls, laser, linac 989
 
  • S. Rosily, B. Dikshit, S. Krishnagopal
    Homi Bhbha National Institute (HBNI), DAE, Mumbai, India
  • S. Krishnagopal, S. Rosily
    BARC, Mumbai, India
  
  Schlieren imaging was explored for flow visualising of a gas jet in vacuum for beam profile monitor application. In supersonic gas jet based beam profile monitors, the high density jet flows through various differentially pumped skimmer stages before being shaped into a sheet. Schlieren imaging is a well known technique used in aerodynamic studies to visualise gas flow. This technique is explained in the paper along with a gist of other flow visualisation techniques. An Z-type schlieren imaging setup used to view the high density flow features of a pulsed supersonic gas jet inside vacuum is described in detail. Flow around a Pitot probe in supersonic flow was simulated and the resultant density profile obtained was compared with the image obtained using schlieren imaging. The flow features including a detached shock around the tip of the probe was observable at medium and high vacuum after processing the image. Image processing algorithms and tools useful for this application are also discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB321  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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MOPAB366 Improving Magnetic Materials for RCS Cavity Tuners cavity, simulation, booster, synchrotron 1139
 
  • R.L. Madrak, N.M. Curfman, G.V. Romanov, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • G. Das, A.K. Samanta
    Ceramic Magnetics, Inc., National Magnetics Group, Inc., Bethlehem, USA
  
  Funding: United States Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
Within the Lab Directed R&D Program at Fermilab, and in partnership with National Magnetics, we have recently begun to study and attempt to improve the loss parameter in garnet material. This could be used for fast tuner applications such as in rapid cycling synchrotrons. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB366  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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MOPAB396 Measurements of Magnetic Field Penetration in Superconducting Materials for SRF Cavities cavity, SRF, experiment, accelerating-gradient 1208
 
  • I.H. Senevirathne, J.R. Delayen, A.V. Gurevich
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • J.R. Delayen, A-M. Valente-Feliciano
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by NSF Grants PHY-1734075 and PHY-1416051, and DOE Award DE-SC0010081 and DE-SC0019399
Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities used in particle accelerators operate in the Meissner state. To achieve high accelerating gradients, the cavity material should stay in the Meissner state under high RF magnetic field without penetration of vortices through the cavity wall. The field onset of flux penetration into a superconductor is an important parameter of merit of alternative superconducting materials other than Nb which can enhance the performance of SRF cavities. There is a need for a simple and efficient technique to measure the onset of field penetration into a superconductor directly. We have developed a Hall probe experimental setup for the measurement of the flux penetration field through a superconducting sample placed under a small superconducting solenoid magnet which can generate magnetic fields up to 500 mT. The system has been calibrated and used to measure different bulk and thin film superconducting materials. This system can also be used to study SIS multilayer coatings that have been proposed to enhance the vortex penetration field in Nb cavities. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB396  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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TUPAB002 Round Colliding Beams: Successful Operation Experience luminosity, emittance, collider, beam-beam-effects 1326
 
  • D.B. Shwartz, O.V. Belikov, D.E. Berkaev, D.B. Burenkov, V.S. Denisov, A.S. Kasaev, A.N. Kirpotin, S.A. Kladov, I. Koop, A.A. Krasnov, A.V. Kupurzhanov, G.Y. Kurkin, M.A. Lyalin, A.P. Lysenko, S.V. Motygin, E. Perevedentsev, V.P. Prosvetov, Yu.A. Rogovsky, A.M. Semenov, A.I. Senchenko, L.E. Serdakov, D.N. Shatilov, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, M.V. Timoshenko, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • S.A. Kladov, I. Koop, A.A. Krasnov, M.A. Lyalin, E. Perevedentsev, Yu.A. Rogovsky, Y.M. Shatunov, D.B. Shwartz
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider operating in the beam energy range of 150-1000 MeV is the only machine originally designed for and successfully exploiting Round Beams Concept. After injection chain upgrade including link to the new BINP injection complex VEPP-2000 proceeded with data taking since 2017 with luminosity limited only by beam-beam effects. At the low energies (300-600 MeV/beam) the novel technique of effective emittance controlled increase by weak coherent beam shaking allowed to suppress the limiting flip-flop effect and resulted in additional luminosity gain factor of 4. The averaged delivered luminosity at the omega-meson production energy (2*391 MeV) achieved L = 2*1031cm-2s−1/IP. At the top energies above nucleon-antinucleon production threshold the stable operation with luminosity of L = 5*1031cm-2s−1/IP resulted in high average data taking rate of 2 pb-1/day in 2020.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB002  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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TUPAB003 Final Focus Solenoids Beam-Based Positioning Tests alignment, collider, lattice, positron 1330
 
  • D.B. Shwartz
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  • D.B. Shwartz
    NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
  
  The final focusing at the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider is done by 13 T superconducting solenoids. The misalignment of solenoids not only provides closed orbit distortions but also harmful for dynamic aperture reduction due to strong nonlinear fringe fields. The final beam-based alignment of solenoids was foreseen but turned out to be not a trivial procedure. Here we present the test study of solenoids positioning reconstruction procedure based on circulating beam orbit responses.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB003  
About • paper received ※ 22 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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TUPAB013 A CLIC Dual Beam Delivery System for Two Interaction Regions luminosity, detector, collider, linear-collider 1364
 
  • V. Cilento, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • A. Faus-Golfe
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  
  The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) could provide e+e− collisions in two detectors simultaneously possibly at a repetition frequency twice the design value. In this paper, a novel dual Beam Delivery System (BDS) design is presented including optics designs and the evaluation of luminosity performance with synchrotron radiation (SR) and solenoid effects for both energy stages of CLIC, 380 GeV and 3 TeV. In order to develop the novel optics design, parameters such as the longitudinal and the transverse detector separations were optimized. The luminosity performance of the novel CLIC scheme was evaluated by comparing the different BDS designs for both energy stages of CLIC. The dual CLIC BDS design provides a good luminosity and proves to be a viable candidate for future linear collider projects.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB013  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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TUPAB041 Detector Solenoid Compensation for the Electron-Ion Collider coupling, electron, detector, cavity 1439
 
  • B.R. Gamage, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, R. Rajput-Ghoshal, A. Seryi, W. Wittmer, Y. Zhang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • E. Gianfelice-Wendt
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • A. Kiselev, H. Lovelace III, B. Parker, S. Peggs, S. Tepikian, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Jefferson Science Associates, LLC Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC Contract No. DE-SC0012704
The central detector in the present EIC design includes a 4 m long solenoid with an integrated strength of up to 12 Tm. The electron beam passes on-axis through the solenoid, but the hadron beam has an angle of 25 mrad. Thus the solenoid couples horizontal and vertical betatron motion in both electron and hadron storage rings, and causes a vertical closed orbit excursion in the hadron ring. The solenoid also couples the transverse and longitudinal motions of both beams, when crab cavities are also considered. In this paper, we present schemes for closed orbit correction and coupling compensation at the IP, including crabbing. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB041  
About • paper received ※ 28 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 August 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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TUPAB094 Multi-Start Foil Wound Solenoids for Multipole Suppression multipole, emittance, simulation, quadrupole 1596
 
  • N. Majernik, A. Fukasawa, J.B. Rosenzweig, A. Suraj
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  
  Funding: National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1549132 - CBB, DE-SC0020409
Solenoids for beam transport are typically wound helically, with each layer of wire being laid down on top of the previous, or as "pancakes" where the wire is wound radially in before crossing over and winding out. Both of these approaches break rotational symmetry and introduce higher-order multipole moments which can be deleterious to beam emittance. For high brightness beams, this can be particularly problematic. To this end, a solenoid employing multi-start foil windings is simulated and compared to conventional choices. With appropriate design, this approach can forbid certain multipoles by symmetry. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB094  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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TUPAB105 Simulation Studies for Dark Current Signature From DLS RF Gun simulation, electron, cavity, cathode 1630
 
  • J. Karmakar, M. Aggarwal, S. Ghosh, B. Karmakar, P. Patra, B.K. Sahu, A. Sharma
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
  
  The Delhi Light source (DLS) is an upcoming compact THz facility at IUAC, New Delhi, based on pre-bunched FEL. RF conditioning of the 2.6 cell S-band RF gun is presently carried out with a Cu photo-cathode (PC) plug and dark current is produced when substantial accelerating field is reached inside the cavity. To identify the possible field emission sites contributing to dark current, single electron ASTRA simulations are done with a phase scan of the RF field. The simulation is extended to include multi-particle emission from the PC edge as a ring. The energies present in the dark current is analysed from the the Fowler Nordheim current plot and energy phase scan plot. The distribution of few dark current energies and their respective trajectories upto the YAG screen at a given solenoid setting is traced and shown in the simulations. We also present the dark current images captured during the initial RF conditioning and try to compare it with the simulations.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB105 [0.742 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB105  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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TUPAB171 Linear Transfer Matrix of a Half Solenoid emittance, optics, coupling, ion-source 1789
 
  • P.F. Ma, X. Guan, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, X.D. Yu, S.X. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Solenoid magnets can provide strong transverse focusing to electrons and ions with relatively small energies. For the ECR heavy-ion source, the ions are extracted at the central area of the solenoid, the beam is coupled at the exit of the source. The coupling caused by the solenoids can lead to the growth of projected transverse emittance, which has been widely studied with great interest. It is important to study the transfer matrix of a half solenoid to study the beam optics in an ECR souce, thus the property of the beam can be given. Based on the transfer matrix calculation, the summary of the linear transfer matrix of a half solenoid can be given. The beam optics in a half solenoid is studied.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB171  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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TUPAB200 Status of the Electron Lens for Space Charge Compensation in SIS18 electron, gun, cathode, space-charge 1880
 
  • K. Schulte-Urlichs, S. Artikova, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • P. Apse-Apsitis, I. Steiks
    Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
  • M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, K.I. Thoma
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  At GSI a project has been initiated to investigate the option of space charge compensation (SCC) by use of an electron lens in order to overcome space charge (SC) limits in the synchrotrons SIS18 and SIS100 for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). The repeated crossing of resonance lines due to the synchrotron motion in bunched beams is considered one of the main drivers of SC induced beam loss in the synchrotrons. Electron lenses provide a compensation of ion beam SC by virtue of their negative charge interacting with the ions in the overlap region while a time-varying compensation can be achieved by the modulation of the electron beam. In order to demonstrate space charge compensation of bunched ion beams, an electron lens is under development for the application in SIS18. In this contribution, the status of the electron lens design will be reported putting special emphasis on its main components: the RF modulated electron gun, that is being developed within an ARIES collaboration, and the magnet system.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB200 [1.869 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB200  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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TUPAB210 Construction Status of the COMET Experimental Facility target, experiment, proton, radiation 1907
 
  • Y. Fukao, K. Agari, H. Akiyama, E. Hirose, M. Ieiri, Y. Igarashi, M.I. Iio, N. Kamei, Y. Katoh, Y. Komatsu, R. Kurasaki, M. Maki, S. Makimura, S. Mihara, M. Minakawa, Y. Morino, F. Muto, H. Nishiguchi, T. Okamura, K. Sasaki, Y. Sato, S. Sawada, N. Sumi, H. Takahashi, K.H. Tanaka, A. Toyoda, K. Ueno, H. Watanabe, Y. Yamanoi, M.Y. Yoshida
    KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
  
  COMET (COherent Muon to Electron Transition) is an experimental project that hunts for a phenomenon of the conversion from the muon to the electron (mu-e conversion). The mu-e conversion violates the lepton flavor universality and its discovery indicates a proof of the physics beyond the standard model of the particle physics. The experiment utilizes a high-intensity primary proton-beam of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The proton beam is injected to a target about 700mm long to generate a high intensity muon beam so as to accumulate huge statistics and achieve the final goal of a sensitivity of 10-16. Construction of the experimental facility is underway at a high pace towards an engineering run in 2022 and the first physics run in 2023. In this presentation, we would like to present a current status of the COMET facility construction.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB210  
About • paper received ※ 17 June 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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TUPAB366 Design and Realization of New Solenoids for High Brightness Electron Beam Injectors gun, electron, cathode, simulation 2374
 
  • A. Vannozzi, D. Alesini, A. Giribono, C. Vaccarezza
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  
  High-brightness, high-current electron beams are the main requirement for fourth generation light sources such as free-electron lasers (FELs), energy recovery Linacs (ERLs) and high-energy linear colliders. The most successful device for producing such beams is the Radio-Frequency photoinjector where a key element is the gun solenoid. Its main task is to limit the beam emittance growth in the first acceleration stages by imposing a spiraling motion to the beam. This paper is focused on two magnets: the first one is the solenoid gun for the new photoinjector at INFN-LNF SPARC_LAB test facility. The design, the realization, and all the measurements performed at the factory and at LNF are shown. Moreover, the design of a solenoid for a novel C-band gun for CompactLight project is presented. Both magnets have been designed with the goal to reach the same integrated field of the gun solenoid currently installed at SPARC_LAB, with an integrated field quality of 5·10-4 in a good field radius of 30mm and 10mm radius respectively for SPARC_LAB and CompactLight solenoid. This one is equipped with a bucking coil to limit the field on cathode that could led to an undesired emittance growth.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB366  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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TUPAB387 Superconducting Solenoid Field Measurement and Optimization quadrupole, emittance, multipole, gun 2425
 
  • S. Ma, A. Arnold, P. Murcek, A.A. Ryzhov, J. Schaber, J. Teichert, R. Xiang, P.Z. Zwartek
    HZDR, Dresden, Germany
  • H.J. Qian
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
  
  The solenoid is a significant part of an electron injector to provide a proper focusing, and preserve the beam projected emittance. A superconducting solenoid is applied for the SRF photoinjector at HZDR. The solenoid itself can degrade electron beam quality due to magnetic field imperfections like multipole components. In order to determine the field aberrations in the solenoid, we measured the superconducting solenoid magnetic field in the cryomodule. A simple and effective method is used to analyze the multipole field components, which will be presented in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB387  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB028 MAD-X for Future Accelerators radiation, lattice, simulation, collider 2664
 
  • T.H.B. Persson, H. Burkhardt, L. Deniau, A. Latina, P.K. Skowroński
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The feasibility and performance of the future accelerators must, to a large extent, be predicted by simulation codes. This implies that simulation codes need to include effects that previously played a minor role. For example, in large electron machines like the FCC-ee the large energy variation along the ring requires that the magnets strength is adjusted to the beam energy at that location, normally referred to as tapering. In this article, we present new features implemented in the MAD-X code to enable and facilitate simulations of future colliders.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB028  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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WEPAB041 Testing of the Milliampere Booster Prototype Cavity cavity, linac, vacuum, operation 2693
 
  • R.G. Heine
    KPH, Mainz, Germany
  
  The Milliampere Booster (MAMBO) is the injector linac for the Mainz Energy-recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA. MESA is a multi-turn energy recovery linac with beam energies in the 100 MeV regime currently designed and built at Institut für Kernphysik (KPH) of Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. The main accelerator consists of two superconducting Rossendorf type modules, while the injector MAMBO relies on normal conducting technolgy. The MAMBO RF cavities are bi-periodic pi/2 structures with 33 cells and 37 cells, respectively. In this paper we present the results of the commissioning and testing of a 13 cell prototype structure.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB041 [2.824 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB041  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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WEPAB054 Electromagnetic and Beam Dynamics Studies of the ThomX LINAC HOM, linac, gun, electron 2721
 
  • M. Alkadi, C. Bruni, M. El Khaldi, M. Jacquet
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  • H. Monard
    IJCLab, ORSAY, France
  
  ThomX is a new generation compact Compton source. The machine is composed of a 50/70 MeV injector linac and a storage ring where an electron bunch collides with a laser pulse accumulated in a Fabry-Perot resonator. The compact source, built at Irene Joliot-Curie Laboratory (IJCLAB) in the Orsay campus of Paris-Saclay University, is designed to produce a total flux of 1013 ph/s and a brightness of 1011 ph / (s.mm2.mrad2) in 0.1% of bandwidth with a tunable energy ranging from 45 keV to 90 keV on the X-ray beam axis. The photo-injector is composed of a homemade 2.5 cell photocathode RF-gun, placed between two solenoids. An energy of 5 MeV is reached with a 80 MV/m electric field gradient. During the commissioning phase, a 4.8 m S-band LIL section will be used to achieve a 50 MeV corresponding to a 45 keV X-ray energy. The LIL accelerating section is a quasi-constant gradient traveling wave structure. The energy gain in the section is 45 MeV, corresponding to an average effective accelerating gradient of 10 MV/m for an input RF power of 9 MW. Here we present the electromagnetic and beam dynamics studies of the ThomX LINAC.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB054  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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WEPAB093 Space Charge Effects in Low Energy Magnetized Electron Beam cathode, laser, electron, space-charge 2806
 
  • S.A.K. Wijethunga, J.R. Delayen, G.A. Krafft
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • J.F. Benesch, G.A. Krafft, M.A. Mamun, M. Poelker, R. Suleiman, S. Zhang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177 and Laboratory Directed Research and Development program.
Magnetized electron cooling is one of the major approaches towards obtaining the required high luminosity in the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). In order to increase the cooling efficiency, a bunched electron beam with a high bunch charge and high repetition rate is required. At Jefferson Lab, we generated magnetized electron beams with high bunch charge using a new compact DC high voltage photogun biased at -300 kV with bialkali-antimonide photocathode and a commercial ultra-fast laser. This contribution discusses how magnetization affects space charge dominated beams as a function of magnetic field strength, gun high voltage, and laser pulse width, and spot size in comparison with simulations performed using General Particle Tracer. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB093  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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WEPAB163 An X-Band Ultra-High Gradient Photoinjector gun, experiment, emittance, linac 2986
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov, S.P. Antipov, P.V. Avrakhov, E. Dosov, C.-J. Jing, E.W. Knight
    Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
  • G. Ha, C.-J. Jing, W. Liu, P. Piot, J.G. Power, D.S. Scott, J.H. Shao, E.E. Wisniewski
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • C.-J. Jing
    Euclid Beamlabs, Bolingbrook, USA
  • X. Lu
    MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • X. Lu
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • P. Piot
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • P. Piot, W.H. Tan
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • E.E. Wisniewski
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by DoE SBIR grant # DE-SC0018709.
High brightness beams appealing for XFELs and UEM essentially imply a high current and a low emittance. To obtain such beams we propose to raise the accelerating voltage in the gun mitigating repealing Coulomb forces. An ultra-high gradient is achieved utilizing a short-pulse technology. We have designed a room temperature X-band 1,5 cell gun that is able to inject 4 MeV, 100 pC bunches with as low as 0.15 mcm normalized transverse emittance. The gun is operated with as high gradients as 400 MV/m and fed by 200 MW, 10 ns RF pulses generated with Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) power extractor. We report results of low RF power tests, laser alignment test results, and successful gun conditioning results carried out at nominal RF power. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB163 [5.427 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB163  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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WEPAB191 Magnet System for a Proton/helium ECR Ion Source ECR, plasma, ion-source, electron 3066
 
  • M.S. Dmitriyev, K.G. Artamonov, M.V. Dyakonov, M.I. Zhigailova
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  The study of the magnetic system of ECRIS with operating frequency of 2.45 GHz for producing protons and double-charged helium ions has been carried out. The results of the numerical simulation of the ECRIS magnetic system based on permanent magnets have been performed. The possibility of shifting the ring magnets in both injection and extraction regions is considered to adjust maximum and minimum values of the axial distribution of a magnetic field in a plasma chamber. The possibility of shifting the bar magnets of the hexapole is shown to provide the adjustment of the radial magnetic field Brad at the chamber wall. Additional solenoids are introduced to the system for providing the required Binj and Bext adjustment and tuning the axial magnetic field distribution including the minimum on the axis Bmin. Furthermore, the magnetic system allows to switch the operation mode of the ECR source to the microwave mode.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB191  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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WEPAB214 Realistic Simulations of Stray Field Impact on Low Energy Transfer Lines experiment, simulation, proton, antiproton 3130
 
  • V. Rodin, S. Padden, C.P. Welsch
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
  • A. Farricker, S. Padden, V. Rodin, C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • J. Resta-López
    UVEG, Burjasot (Valencia), Spain
  
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Low energy (~100 keV) facilities working with antiprotons, heavy ions, or charged molecules may experience severe beam transport instabilities caused by field imperfections. For example, long (~10 m), unshielded beamlines will not be able to transfer particles due to the natural Earth magnetic field or stray fields from closely located experiments. Currently, only a limited number of simulation codes allow a simplified representation of such field errors, limiting capabilities for beam delivery optimization. In this contribution, a new simulation approach is presented that can provide detailed insight into 4D beam transport. It illustrates the impact of imperfections and stray fields on beam stability and quality through simulations of two antiproton experiments located in the Antimatter Factory (AD) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Magnetic field imperfections are examined in two different ways, providing greater flexibility and an opportunity to benchmark all outcomes. Simulation performance is analyzed as a function of the level of detail and efficiency. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB214  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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WEPAB254 Design of a 10 MeV Beamline at the Upgraded Injector Test Facility for e-Beam Irradiation electron, radiation, focusing, cavity 3232
 
  • X. Li, H. Baumgart, G. Ciovati
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • G. Ciovati, F.E. Hannon, S. Wang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Jefferson lab LDRD.
Electron beam irradiation near 10 MeV is suitable for wastewater treatment. The Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Jefferson Lab is a CW superconducting linear accelerator capable of providing an electron beam of energy up to 10 MeV and up to 100 µA current. This contribution presents the beam transport simulations for a beamline to be used for the irradiation of wastewater samples at the UITF. The simulations were done using the code General Particle Tracer with the goal of obtaining an 8 MeV electron beam of radius (3-σ) of ~2.4 cm. The achieved energy spread is ~74.5 keV. The space charge effects were investigated when the bunch charge is varied to be up to 1000 times and the results showed that they do not affect the beam quality significantly. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB254  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 13 August 2021  
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WEPAB264 MOGA Optimization of Superconducting Longitudinal Gradient Bend Based on NbTi Wire emittance, lattice, storage-ring, radiation 3257
 
  • C. Chen, Z.H. Bai, G.Y. Feng, Z.L. Ren, Zh.X. Tang, L. Wang, H. Xu
    USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China, (2016YFA0402001)
Multi-bend achromat lattices with unit cells have been used in diffraction-limited storage ring designs. The longitudinal gradient bend can reduce the horizontal emittance below the theoretical minimum of a given magnet structure, and generally the horizontal emittance reduces with the peak field grows. Therefore superconducting longitudinal gradient bend (SLGB) can produce higher peak field value and quasi-hyperbolic field profile to minimize emittance at location of radiation and generate better hard X-rays. NbTi conductor, rather than Nb3Sn conductor, is selected to keep the design and manufacture of SLGB magnet as simple as possible. In this paper, how the field profiles of race-track type coil and solenoid coil change with their geometric parameters is studied, and multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize SLGB magnet structure considering Hefei Advanced Light Facility lattice design demand and NbTi critical current. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB264 [1.476 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB264  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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WEPAB277 Transverse Emittance Change and Canonical Angular Momentum Growth in MICE ‘Solenoid Mode’ with Muon Ionization Cooling emittance, detector, focusing, collider 3289
 
  • T.W. Lord
    University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  
  Emittance reduction of muon beams is an important requirement in the design of a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. Ionization cooling, whereby beam emittance is reduced by passing a beam through an energy-absorbing material, requires tight focusing in the transverse plane which is achieved in many designs using solenoid focusing. In solenoid focusing, the beam acquires kinetic angular momentum due to the radial field in the solenoid fringe. Cooling in ‘flip’ mode, where the beam-focusing solenoid field changes polarity at the absorber, has already been demonstrated in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). In this mode the absorber is near to the field flip, so the kinetic angular momentum is zero at the absorber. ‘Solenoid mode’ cooling, where the field polarity does not change across the absorber leading to a beam crossing the absorber with significant kinetic angular momentum, has been considered for the final section of the muon collider design due to potentially stronger focussing that it enables. In this paper, we present the performance of MICE in ‘solenoid mode’.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB277  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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WEPAB370 Study of an L-Band CW Linac electron, radiation, linac, emittance 3575
 
  • J. Gao, H.B. Chen, J.Y. Liu, J. Shi, H. Zha
    TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  We have studied an L-band linac based on a cheap industrial magnetron, which works at CW mode with 75kW averaged output-power. The designed energy-gain of electrons is 500keV. Low accelerating gradient was the dominant problem encountered during the structure design. We adopted a standing-wave structure with magnetically coupling and nose cones to increase the effective shunt impedance. A 7-cell design has been completed, of which the transverse dynamics and thermodynamics were simulated. Results showed that this accelerating structure could work stably at 59 C and 100 mA output beam current was achieved. This L-band design provided a cheap and efficient way to generate low-energy electrons for industrial irradiation processing.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB370  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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WEPAB384 Design and Beam Dynamics of the Electron Lens for Space Charge Compensation in SIS18 electron, space-charge, simulation, dipole 3614
 
  • S. Artikova, D. Ondreka, K. Schulte-Urlichs, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  An electron lens for space charge compensation is being developed at GSI to increase the ion beam intensities in SIS18 for the FAIR project. It uses an electron beam of 10A maximum current at 30keV. The maximum magnetic field on-axis is 0.6T, considerably higher than the field of the existing electron cooler. The magnetic system of the lens consists of solenoids and toroids. The toroids’ vertical field component creates a significant horizontal orbit deflection in the circulating low rigidity ion beam. To correct this deflection, four correction dipoles have been introduced. As common for electron lenses, the high-power electron beam is not dumped at ground potential, but rather in a collector with a small bias potential with respect to the cathode. The present design foresees a collector at -27kV, leading to a power dissipation of 30kW, distributed over a large surface area by placing the collector in an appropriately shaped magnetic field of a pre-collector solenoid. This contribution reports on the design of the lens and presents the results of beam transport simulations for the electron beam (with space charge) and a representative ion beam, performed using the 3D CST STUDIO.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB384  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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THPAB012 The Magnetic Compensation Scheme of the FCC-ee Detectors detector, emittance, quadrupole, electron 3773
 
  • M. Koratzinos, K. Oide
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A crucial part of the design of an FCC-ee detector is the minimisation of the disruption of the beam due to the presence of a large and powerful detector magnet. Indeed, the emittance blow-up of the few meters around the interaction point (IP) at lower energies is comparable to the emittance introduced by the rest of the 100 km ring. Vertical emittance is the single most important factor in achieving high performance (luminosity, in this case) in a modern e+ e− storage ring such as the FCC-ee. The design adopted is the simplest possible arrangement that can nevertheless deliver high performance: two additional coils per IP side. The performance achieved is such that vertical emittance blow-up will not be a limiting performance factor even in the case of a ring with four experiments, and even in the most demanding energy regime, that of the Z running (about 45 GeV beam energy).  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB012  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
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THPAB015 Studies of the Imperfection in Crab Crossing Scheme for Electron-Ion Collider cavity, electron, luminosity, proton 3784
 
  • Y. Hao, J.S. Berg, D. Holmes, Y. Luo, C. Montag
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • V.S. Morozov
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • D. Xu
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Crab crossing scheme is the essential scheme that accommodates large crossing angle without loss of luminosity in the design of Electron-Ion collider (EIC). The ideal optics and phase advances of the crab cavity pair are set to create a local crabbing bump in the interaction region (IR). However, there are always small errors in the actual lattice of IR. In this article, we will present the simulation and analytical studies on the imperfections in the crab crossing scheme in the EIC design. The tolerance of the imperfection and the possible remedies can be concluded from these studies. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB015  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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THPAB026 Final Booster Complex Design for the Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider collider, booster, electron, dipole 3805
 
  • E.A. Nissen
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. retains a license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.
In this work we show the final iteration of the design for the booster complex of the Jefferson Lab EIC, which would have brought the ions from an energy (proton) of 150 MeV up to 12.1 GeV. This complex would have consisted of two figure-8 rings. The Low Energy Booster (LEB) which would have accelerated its protons from 150 MeV to 8 GeV, and has had its lattice tweaked to increase the effectiveness of chromaticity cancellations. The High Energy Booster (HEB) would have brought the 8 GeV protons up to 12.1 GeV. The HEB would in the tunnel that was designed for the collider rings, sitting on top of them. It has had a bypass around the interaction region added, as well as a cooling solenoid installed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB026  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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THPAB056 Conceptual Design of a Multiple Period Staggered Undulator undulator, radiation, electron, synchrotron 3879
 
  • I. Asparuhov, J. Chavanne, G. Le Bec
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  In staggered undulators, a ferromagnetic pole structure paired to a solenoid generates a sinusoidal field. Interest of such insertion devices has been studied for application to FEL systems in the end of the previous century. However, the concept has never been used in synchrotron radiation sources due to the undesirable magnetic effect of the solenoid on electron beam parameters in storage rings. Advent of fourth-generation low emittance light sources is foreseen to change this situation. Indeed, consequent electron beam transverse size and divergence reduction for such new storage rings give promise for a beam less sensitive to the presence of a longitudinal solenoidal field. Relating to this, a staggered concept can be an adequate design choice for short-period undulators producing high-energy photon flux. Such undulators would have a low K value a priori limiting their photon energy tunability. Considering integration of separate magnetic arrays of distinct periods in a solenoid to compose a global assembly can help suppress this possible drawback. Magnetic design and radiative performance of such an insertion device are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB056  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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THPAB141 Novel Design of a HVDC Magnetized Electron Source cathode, permanent-magnet, gun, simulation 4034
 
  • O.H. Rahman, J. Skaritka, E. Wang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The hadron beam in EIC is flat with a transverse size ratio of about 1:3. The cooling rate of the hadron beam can be maximized if the electron beam from the strong hadron cooler fully overlaps with the hadron beam. Therefore, generating a flat electron beam is essential. The most efficient way to generate a flat electron beam is to produce a magnetized beam first, and then convert it to flat to the desired transverse size ratio. Using a Magnetized electron beam is a promising way to cool high-energy hadrons. One of the major challenges in producing magnetized beams is fine-tuning the longitudinal magnetic field on the cathode surface and maintaining the desired field uniformity over the emission area. In this paper, we discuss the design of a novel high voltage DC gun capable of fine-tuning the B field on the cathode. This is achieved by installing a permanent magnet inside the cathode puck, with a solenoid field at the front of the cathode. We show magnetostatic simulation to prove the feasibility of this idea. We also show preliminary beam dynamics simulations showing emittance from the gun as the permanent magnet and solenoidal fields are tuned for minimum emittance. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB141  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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THPAB192 Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics cyclotron, simulation, beam-losses, ion-source 4153
 
  • D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.  
poster icon Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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THPAB233 Could "Flakes" of Neutral Paramagnetic or Dipolar Molecules Explain Beam Losses in the LHC? dipole, electron, vacuum, electromagnetic-fields 4254
 
  • G. Franchetti
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  "Flakes" of neutral water or oxygen molecules carrying an electric or magnetic dipole moment can be attracted and trapped by the electromagnetic field of the circulating LHC proton beam. The possible presence of such flakes in the vacuum system could explain beam losses and beam instabilities encountered during the 2017 and 2018 LHC runs, and the observed effect of an external magnetic field.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB233  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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THPAB289 Design and Manufacture of Solenoid Center Deviation Measurement Device neutron, framework, induction, interface 4366
 
  • X. Wu, C.D. Deng, W. Kang, L. Li, S. Li, Y.Q. Liu, Y.W. Wu, J.X. Zhou
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The solenoids are widely used both in conventional magnets and superconducting magnets in particle accelerators. The longitudinal fields along the longitudinal direction of the solenoids are usually measured with the Hall probe measurement system. However, in some cases, the deviation between the magnetic center and mechanical center of the solenoid is another important parameter and has to be measured accurately. In this paper, a device is designed and developed to measure the center deviation of the solenoid, which can be both used in conventional magnets and superconducting magnets. After the device is finished, some tests are made in the solenoid to check whether the data is correct. For the numerical simulation and analysis of the magnetic field inside the solenoid, the TOSCA code was chosen right from start. The results of the analysis are compared to the result of the tests.  
poster icon Poster THPAB289 [1.001 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB289  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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THPAB352 Computer Vision Techniques Used to Monitor the Alignment of Cavities and Solenoids in the PIP-II Prototype SSR1 Cryomodule cavity, alignment, target, cryomodule 4485
 
  • S. Zorzetti, J. Bernardini, D. Passarelli
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The alignment of the SRF PIP-II string components is studied as the acceptable beam deflection, offset and defocusing, which may otherwise cause beam loss. Simulations and measurements established that the maximum deviation of the beam pipe from the reference orbit should not exceed a small fraction of the beam aperture. To observe the translations and rotations of each single component within the cryomodule, optical instruments (H-BCAM) surveying highly reflective targets, installed in the internal assembly of the module were used. The alignment monitoring concept for the PIP II SSR1 prototype cryomodule, along with relevant measurements of the components’ position monitoring during coldmass cooldown is presented in this contribution. This development paves the way to new computer vision applications in the field of cryomodule assemblies in cleanroom environment, in which robotically-assisted operations have the potential to dramatically reduce the risk of chemical and particulate contamination.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB352  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021       issue date ※ 31 August 2021  
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FRXB05 Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment: Results & Prospects emittance, experiment, collider, proton 4528
 
  • C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  A high-energy muon collider could be the most powerful and cost-effective collider approach in the multi-TeV regime, and a neutrino source based on decay of an intense muon beam would be ideal for measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters. Muon beams may be created through the decay of pions produced in the interaction of a proton beam with a target. The muons are subsequently accelerated and injected into a storage ring where they decay producing a beam of neutrinos, or collide with counter-rotating antimuons. Cooling of the muon beam would enable more muons to be accelerated resulting in a more intense neutrino source and higher collider luminosity. Ionization cooling is the novel technique by which it is proposed to cool the beam. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment collaboration constructed a section of an ionization cooling channel and used it to provide the first demonstration of ionization cooling. Here the observation of ionization cooling is described. The cooling performance is studied for a variety of beam and magnetic field configurations. The outlook for muon ionization cooling demonstrations is discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXB05  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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