IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (cyclotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPAB049	Gyroresonant Acceleration of Electrons by an Axisymmetric Transverse Electric Field	electron, resonance, acceleration, plasma	213
	E.A. Orozco, O. Otero Olarte UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
	The acceleration of electrons using gyromagnetic autoresonance consist on the sustaint of the electron cyclotron resonant condition through of a magnetic field which increase on time, this scheme was propose by K. S. Golovanivsky. In this work, we considerer the gyroresonant acceleration of electrons using an axisymmetric transverse electric field and its limitations. The 2D acceleration of electrons by a TE011 cylindrical mode is studied numerically. The trajectory, energy and phase-shift between the electron transverse velocity and the electric field are determined by the numerical solution of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation using a finite difference scheme. The growth rate of the magnetic field obtained is such that it maintains the phase difference within the acceleration band. The study includes the evolution of the energy for electrons initially ubicated in diferents initial points. For an electron that starts from rest and located at the radial midpoint of the transverse central plane of the cavity, it is reaches an energy close to 560 keV in 625 cycles of the microwave field using an electric field amplitude of 1 kV/cm and a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
	Poster MOPAB049 [3.541 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB049
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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MOPAB050	Spatial Autoresonant Acceleration of Electrons by an Axysimmetric Transverse Electric Field	electron, resonance, acceleration, cavity	217
	E.A. Orozco, O. Otero Olarte UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
	In this research, The autoresonance acceleration of electrons by an axisymmetric transverse electric field in presence of a stationary inhomogeneous magnetic field is studied. The dynamics of electrons is determined by the numerical solution of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation using a finite difference scheme. The inhomogeneous external magnetic field is generated with a three-coil system and calculated using the Biot-Savart law. The electrons move along a TE011 cylinder cavity in a stationary magnetic field whose axis coincides with the cavity axis. The magnetic field profile obtained is such that it keeps the phase difference between the electric field vector of the microwave mode and the velocity vector of the particle within the acceleration band. For an electron injected longitudinally with an energy of 1 keV and that starts at the radial midpoint of the cavity, it is accelerated up to an energy of about 185 keV using an electric field amplitude of 14 kV/cm and a frequency of 2.45 GHz at a distance of 14 cm.
	Poster MOPAB050 [3.298 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB050
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB159	Matching of an RFQ and Multicusp Ion Source with Compact LEBT	rfq, LEBT, ion-source, simulation	546
	L.H. Waites, J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: NSF provided funding for RFQ-DIP project, Draper Laboratory provided fellowship for graduate studnets The IsoDAR project is a neutrino experiment that requires a high current H²⁺ beam at 60 MeV/amu, which will be produced by a cyclotron. A critical aspect of the design is the injection, which comprises an ion source, a compact low energy beam transport section (LEBT), and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) buncher embedded in the cyclotron yoke. The LEBT is optimized to match the desired input Twiss parameters of the RFQ. Here we report on the latest results from the ion source commissioning, and on the design and optimization of the LEBT with matching to the RFQ. With this ion source, we have demonstrated a 76% H²⁺ fraction at a current density of 11 mA/cm² in DC mode. The design of the LEBT includes a chopper, steering elements, and focusing elements, to achieve the desired matching, which according to our simulations leads to ~95% transmission from the ion source to the exit of the RFQ.
	Poster MOPAB159 [0.851 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB159
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB160	Tools for the Development and Applications of the IsoDAR Cyclotron	rfq, proton, target, injection	550
	L.H. Waites, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: NSF provided funding for the RFQDIP project, Draper laboratory provided a fellowship for the graduate student The IsoDAR cyclotron is a 60 MeV cyclotron designed to output 10mA of protons in order to be a driver for a neutrino experiment. However, this high power can be used in other useful and important applications outside of particle physics. The IsoDAR cyclotron accelerates H²⁺, which allows the beam to be highly versatile and important for the development of high-power targets. This could help alleviate a huge bottleneck in the medical isotope community. IsoDAR could also be used for the development of materials. The accelerator system uses many new tools, including novel methods of applying machine learning, as well as several of the uses of this new technology. With these applications and tools, the IsoDAR cyclotron can have an important impact on the accelerator, medical, and physics communities.
	Poster MOPAB160 [0.424 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB160
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB187	Design and Calculation of the RF System of DC140 Cyclotron	coupling, cavity, simulation, resonance	636
	A.S. Zabanov, V.B. Zarubin JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, V.A. Sokolov, K. Verlamov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The designed RF-system of the DC-72 cyclotron with a half-wave cavity is not suitable due to the big vertical size. For this reason, a new quarter-wave RF-system was developed for the DC140 cyclotron project. The results of calculating the parameters of the new RF-system are given in this work.
	Poster MOPAB187 [0.488 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB187
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB194	First 3D Printed IH-Type Linac Structure - Proof-of-Concept for Additive Manufacturing of Linac rf Cavities	cavity, vacuum, experiment, linac	654
	H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Additive manufacturing (or "3D printing") has become a powerful tool for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex geometries. As technology is evolving, the quality and accuracy of parts manufactured this way is ever improving. Especially interesting for the world of particle accelerators is the process of 3D printing of stainless steel (and copper) parts. We present the first fully functional IH-type drift tube structure manufactured by metal 3D printing. A 433 MHz prototype cavity has been constructed to act as a proof-of-concept for the technology. The cavity is designed to be UHV capable and includes cooling channels reaching into the stems of the DTL structure. We present the first experimental results for this prototype.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB194
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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MOPAB276	Investigation on the injection of the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP	injection, background, solenoid, radiation	873
	F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-Harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, C. Lassalle, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France F. Haddad SUBATECH, Nantes, France
	Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3. A 70 MeV cyclotron is being used at the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, for various types of R&D on nuclear, biological and chemical reactions with beams and radioisotopes production. In order to adapt its usage for experiments and users demands of high peak intensity, above an equivalent average of a few µA, the injection is being adapted. Several studies are thus being performed in this section. These include the newly installed chopper-based system and the injection collimator. This paper details the various studies, specifically the signal purity obtained in the pulsed mode. A mode particularly adapted for flash irradiation.
	Poster MOPAB276 [2.522 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB276
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB277	Installation, Use and Follow-Up of an Emittance-Meter at the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP	emittance, injection, quadrupole, ECR	877
	F. Poirier, R. Bellamy, F. Bulteau-Harel, C. Castel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, R. Lelièvre, G. Mechin, L. Perrigaud, J. Poudevigne, H. Trichet Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France T. Adam, P.G. Graehling, M. Heine, C. Maazouzi, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France A. Dinkov, S. Wurth IJCLab, ORSAY, France F. Haddad SUBATECH, Nantes, France
	Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3. The 70 MeV cyclotron group of the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, foresees to increase its beam intensity on target. For this, several beam studies are being performed in the various sections of the accelerator including the injection. Thus, an Allison-type emittance-meter has been installed in this section above the cyclotron and downstream a quadrupole triplet. Installation and the first results of a campaign of measurements are presented including high intensity runs, up to 1 mA for 40 keV H⁻ ions. The emittance-meter is expected to be used with several accelerators throughout the world. Therefore, a strategy on the follow-up of the activation of sample materials used in the equipment is being established and is described in the paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB277
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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MOPAB419	Acceleration and Measurement of Alpha Particles and Hydrogen Molecular Ions with the HZB Cyclotron	radiation, proton, vacuum, scattering	1264
	G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich HZB, Berlin, Germany J. Heufelder, A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	The HZB cyclotron has treated more than 4000 patients with eye tumors using protons. The accelerator can also provide heavier ions which could be suitable for ocular radiation therapy. Helium ions exhibit less lateral spread, increased relative biological effectiveness and a sharper Bragg-Peak compared to protons of the same range, while minimizing nuclear fragmentation and thus excessive dose downstream the irradiated volume compared to more heavy ions. When accelerating fully stripped helium ions (alpha particles), hydrogen molecular ions can also be accelerated to the same energy with a small tuning of the machine due to having almost the same mass-to-charge ratio, yielding a proton beam of double current after the beam exits the vacuum window towards the target. The acceleration and characterization of these two ion species are described in this paper, suggesting the feasibility of a corresponding clinical cyclotron for ocular or even deep-seated tumors.
	Poster MOPAB419 [0.806 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB419
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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TUXB07	High-Current H₂⁺ Beams from a Compact Cyclotron using RFQ Direct Injection	rfq, simulation, extraction, ion-source	1301
	D. Winklehner, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by NSF grants PHY-1505858 and PHY-1626069. For the IsoDAR neutrino experiment, we have developed a compact and cost-effective cyclotron-based driver to produce high current beams (cw proton beam currents of >10 mA at 60 MeV). This is a factor of 4 higher than the current state-of-the-art for cyclotrons and a factor of 10 compared to what is commercially available. All areas of physics that call for high cw currents can greatly benefit from this result; e.g. particle physics, medical isotope production, and energy research. This increase in beam current is possible in part because the cyclotron is designed to include and use vortex-motion, allowing clean extraction. Such a design process is only possible with the help of high-fidelity codes, like OPAL. Another novelty is the use of an RFQ embedded in the cyclotron yoke to bunch the beam during axial injection. Finally, using H²⁺ relieves some of the space charge constraints during injection. In this paper, we will give an overview of the project and then focus on the design and simulations of the cyclotron itself. We will describe the physics, computational tools, and simulation results. At the end, we will describe how we are including machine learning in the simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB07
About •	paper received ※ 27 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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TUPAB187	Reconstruction of U400M Cyclotron: Upgrade of U400M Cyclotron Magnetic Structure	extraction, operation, MMI, ECR	1838
	I.A. Ivanenko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	U400M isochronous cyclotron was created on the base of U300 classic cyclotron and is under operation at FLNR, JINR since 1996. At the present time the cyclotron electromagnet with 4 meter pole diameter needs a reconstruction that includes a replacement of magnet main coil, corrections of the magnetic field at the central region and at the extraction radius. For measurements and shimming of cyclotron magnetic field the automatic mapping system, based on 14 Hall probes, will be created.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB187
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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TUPAB188	InnovaTron: An Innovative High-Intensity Industrial Cyclotron for Production of Tc-99m and Other Frontier Medical Radioisotopes*	extraction, ion-source, proton, acceleration	1841
	G. D’Agostino, Q. Flandroy, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. van der Kraaij IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190. Tc-99m is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. It is almost exclusively produced with a few ageing research reactors worldwide. In response to growing concerns about Tc-99m availability and its increasing demand, alternative production routes are being explored. The EU-funded InnovaTron project aims at designing an innovative compact high-intensity self-extracting cyclotron able to deliver proton beams with currents up to 5 mA or more for the direct production of Tc-99m. It could be also used for production of high quantities of other frontier medical radioisotopes. The proton beams exit without using an electrostatic deflector to overcome its current limitations. A prototype cyclotron was built by IBA in 2001. Currents up to 2 mA were extracted from it. However, at higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was not higher than 70-75% and the extracted emittance was rather large. The InnovaTron project will implement new technological solutions in the self-extracting cyclotron to be used for large-scale industrial applications. An overview on the InnovaTron project is here presented together with the first simulation results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB188
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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TUPAB189	Design and Simulation of Beam Transport Lines of DC140 Cyclotron	quadrupole, radiation, target, heavy-ion	1845
	V.I. Lisov, N.S. Kirilkin, A.S. Zabanov JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, V.A. Semin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The beam transport system has three lines: for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The design and simulation of the beam transport system from cyclotron is presented in this report. The beam focusing in the beam lines is provided by set of quadrupole lenses. The beam diagnostics system consists of the Faraday caps, luminophores and the magnetic scanning system.
	Poster TUPAB189 [0.958 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB189
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB190	Design and Simulation of the Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron	extraction, focusing, quadrupole, septum	1849
	V.I. Lisov, A.A. Protasov, A.S. Zabanov JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The system based on four main elements - electrostatic deflector, focusing magnetic channel, Permanent Magnet Quadrupole lens and steering magnet is used in the DC140 cyclotron for extraction of the accelerated beam. The design and simulation of the beam extraction system from the DC140 cyclotron are presented in this report.
	Poster TUPAB190 [1.102 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB190
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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TUPAB191	Design and Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR	injection, ECR, radiation, simulation	1852
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bekhterev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V.I. Lisov JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The design and simulation of the axial injection system of the DC140 cyclotron is presented in this report.
	Poster TUPAB191 [1.090 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB191
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB240	The Impact of Trajectory-Shaped Coil on the Beam Dynamics in the SC230 Superconducting Cyclotron	betatron, proton, extraction, induction	2002
	I.D. Lyapin, O. Karamyshev, V. Malinin, D. Popov JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia G.A. Karamysheva JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In this paper, we compared the effect of the cyclotron coil shape on the beam dynamics. Two models were created. The first has a conventional round coil, the second has a coil that follows the trajectory of the protons. Parameters of extracted beams are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB240
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB297	Data Archive System for Superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator at RIBF	controls, EPICS, network, experiment	2178
	A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	At RIKEN Nishina Center, superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator (SRILAC) was newly installed at downstream of existing accelerator and upgraded for the search experiments of super-heavy-elements with atomic numbers of 119 and higher. For the data archiving and the data visualization in RI Beam Factory (RIBF) project, we have utilized RIBFCAS (RIBF control archive system) since 2009. For the number of archived data point was expected to increase dramatically for SRILAC, we introduced the Archiver Appliance for improvement of the data archiving performance. On the other hand, to realize a user-friendly system about the data visualization, the data of RIBFCAS and the Archiver Appliance should be visualized on the same system. In this system, by implementing a Web application to convert the RIBFCAS data to JSON format, it became possible to unify the data format with the Archiver Appliance and display the data with the same viewer software. In the SRILAC beam commissioning, it became to useful system for finding anomalies and understanding the behavior of superconducting cavity. In this conference, we report the system implementation, developed tool, and the future plan in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB297
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB350	Design of 71 MHz Power Amplifier in a Single-ended Architecture for IRANCYC-10 Cyclotron	simulation, impedance, factory, SRF	2325
	F. Babagoli Moziraji, H. Afarideh AUT, Tehran, Iran M. Dehghan Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran F. Ghasemi NSTRI, Tehran, Iran
	In this paper, the design and simulation of a high power amplifier to provide the required power of a cyclotron accelerator (IRANCYC-10) is presented step-by-step. By combining four modules of this amplifier, a power of 2.5 kW can be achieved to start the main power amplifier. The single ended designs amplifier can generate 1 kW the operating frequency of 71MHz continuous wave (CW). The purpose of choosing this type of design is simplicity to build without the need for a balun, low weight to build high power, as well as cost-effectiveness. The gain and PAE of the SSPA are 21.21 and 71%, respectively. There are also ways to reduce the size of the amplifier.
	Poster TUPAB350 [1.008 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB350
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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TUPAB408	A Novel Automatic Focusing System for the Production of Radioisotopes for Theranostics	target, detector, radiation, focusing	2480
	P. Häffner, C. Belver-Aguilar, S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli, M. Schmid AEC, Bern, Switzerland P. Scampoli Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
	Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants:200021₁75749, CRSII5₁80352, CR23I2₁56852. A research program on the production of novel radioisotopes for theranostics is ongoing at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron laboratory equipped with a solid target station. Targets are made of rare and expensive isotope enriched materials in form of compressed 6 mm diameter pellets. The irradiation of such a small target is challenging. A specific capsule has been developed made of two aluminum halves kept together by permanent magnets. Since the beam extracted from a medical cyclotron is about 12 mm FWHM, an automatic compact focusing system was conceived and constructed to optimise the irradiation procedure. It is based on a 0.5 m long magnetic system, embedding two quadrupoles and two steering magnets, and a non-destructive beam monitoring detector located in front of the target. The profiles measured by the detector are elaborated by a specific software that, through a feedback optimisation algorithm, acts on the magnets and keeps the beam focused on target. Being about 1 m long, it can be installed in any existing medical cyclotron facility. The design of the first prototype together with the results of the first beam tests are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB408
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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WEPAB195	Design and Optimization of a Low Frequency RF-Input Coupler for the IsoDAR RFQ	rfq, coupling, simulation, multipactoring	3081
	M.P. Sangroula, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Schuett BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
	Funding: The RFQ-DIP project is supported by National Science Foundation grant \# PHY-1626069 and the Heising-Simons Foundation. The Isotope Decay-At-Rest experiment (IsoDAR) is a proposed underground experiment which is expected to be a definitive search for sterile neutrinos. IsoDAR uses an especially designed low-frequency spilt-coaxial radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) to accelerate H²⁺ ions directly from the ion source into the main cyclotron accelerator. This paper mainly focuses on the design and optimization of a low frequency (32.8 MHz) RF-input coupler for the IsoDAR RFQ. Starting with a basic design, we determine its appropriate position for this coupler in the RFQ. Finally, we optimized the design to lower the input power without compromising the coupling efficiency.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB195
About •	paper received ※ 21 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 30 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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WEPAB202	Thermal Analysis of a Compact Split-Coaxial CW RFQ for the IsoDAR RFQ-DIP	rfq, simulation, injection, target	3097
	D. Koser, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
	The RFQ direct injection project (RFQ-DIP) for the neutrino physics experiment IsoDAR aims at an efficient injection of a high-current H²⁺ beam into the dedicated 60 MeV driver cyclotron. Therefore, it is intended to use a compact 32.8 MHz RFQ structure of the split-coaxial type as a pre-buncher. To determine the thermal elongation of the 1.4 m long electrode rods as well as the thermal frequency detuning of the RF structure at a maximum nominal power load of 3.6 kW, an extensive thermal and structural mechanical analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics was conducted. The water heating along the cooling channels as well as the properties of heat transfer from the copper structure to the cooling water were taken into account, which required CFD simulations of the cooling water flow in the turbulent regime. Here we present the methods and results of the sophisticated thermal and structural mechanical simulations using COMSOL and provide a comparison to more simplistic simulations conducted with CST Studio Suite.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB202
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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THPAB167	Technical Design of an RFQ Injector for the IsoDAR Cyclotron	rfq, cavity, simulation, coupling	4075
	H. Höltermann, D. Koser, B. Koubek, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Syha BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites, D. Winklehner MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
	For the IsoDAR (Isotope Decay-At-Rest) experiment, a high intensity (10 mA CW) primary proton beam is needed. To generate this beam, H²⁺ is accelerated in a cyclotron and stripped into protons after extraction. An RFQ, partially embedded in the cyclotron yoke, will be used to bunch and axially inject H²⁺ ions into the main accelerator. The strong RFQ bunching capabilities will be used to optimize the overall injection efficiency. To keep the setup compact the distance between the ion source and RFQ can be kept very short as well. In this paper, we describe the technical design of the RFQ. We focus on two critical aspects: 1. The use of a split-coaxial structure, necessitated by the low frequency of 32.8 MHz (matching the cyclotron RF) and the desired small tank diameter; 2. The high current, CW operation, requiring a good cooling concept for the RFQ tank and vanes.
	Poster THPAB167 [2.162 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB167
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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THPAB182	DC-280 Cyclotron for Factory of Super Heavy Elements, Experimental Results	acceleration, experiment, ECR, injection	4126
	V.A. Semin, S.L. Bogomolov, K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia L.A. Pavlov JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
	The DC280 is the high current cyclotron with design beam intensities up to 10 pµA for ions with energy from 4 to 8 MeV/nucleon. It was developed and created at the FLNR JINR. The first was extracted from the cyclotron on January 17, 2019. Experiments on acceleration of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, 48Ti, 52Cr and 84Kr beams production were carried out. The following intensities of accelerated beam have been achieved: 10 pµA for 12C+2; 9,2 pµA for 40Ar+7; 7,1 pµA for 48Ca+10; 1,0 pµA for 48Ti+10; 2,4 pµA for 52Cr+10 and 1.43 pµA for 84Kr+14;. The accelerator has worked more than 9000 hours. The work of accelerator was stable and high efficiency. The total acceleration efficiency from ion source to transport channel was about 46%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB182
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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THPAB192	Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics	simulation, solenoid, beam-losses, ion-source	4153
	D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.
	Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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FRXC05	Gas Jet In-Vivo Dosimetry for Particle Beam Therapy	operation, diagnostics, proton, GUI	4548
	J. Wolfenden, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden, H.D. Zhang Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1. Medical applications of charged particle beams require a full online characterisation of the beam to ensure patient safety, treatment efficacy, and facility efficiency. In-vivo dosimetry, measurement of delivered dose during treatment, is a significant part of this characterisation. Current methods offer limited information or are invasive to the beam, meaning measurements must be done offline. This contribution presents the development of a non-invasive gas jet in-vivo dosimeter for treatment facilities. The technique is based on the interaction between a particle beam and a supersonic gas jet curtain, which was originally developed for the high luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider (HL-LHC). To demonstrate the medical application of this technique, an existing HL-LHC test system with minor modifications will be installed at the University of Birmingham’s 35 MeV proton cyclotron, which has properties comparable to that of a treatment beam. This contribution presents the design and development of this test setup, plans for initial benchmarking measurements, and plans for a future optimised medical accelerator gas jet in-vivo dosimeter.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXC05
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPAB049

Gyroresonant Acceleration of Electrons by an Axisymmetric Transverse Electric Field

electron, resonance, acceleration, plasma

213

E.A. Orozco, O. Otero Olarte
UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia

The acceleration of electrons using gyromagnetic autoresonance consist on the sustaint of the electron cyclotron resonant condition through of a magnetic field which increase on time, this scheme was propose by K. S. Golovanivsky. In this work, we considerer the gyroresonant acceleration of electrons using an axisymmetric transverse electric field and its limitations. The 2D acceleration of electrons by a TE011 cylindrical mode is studied numerically. The trajectory, energy and phase-shift between the electron transverse velocity and the electric field are determined by the numerical solution of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation using a finite difference scheme. The growth rate of the magnetic field obtained is such that it maintains the phase difference within the acceleration band. The study includes the evolution of the energy for electrons initially ubicated in diferents initial points. For an electron that starts from rest and located at the radial midpoint of the transverse central plane of the cavity, it is reaches an energy close to 560 keV in 625 cycles of the microwave field using an electric field amplitude of 1 kV/cm and a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

Poster MOPAB049 [3.541 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB049

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 14 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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MOPAB050

Spatial Autoresonant Acceleration of Electrons by an Axysimmetric Transverse Electric Field

electron, resonance, acceleration, cavity

217

E.A. Orozco, O. Otero Olarte
UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia

In this research, The autoresonance acceleration of electrons by an axisymmetric transverse electric field in presence of a stationary inhomogeneous magnetic field is studied. The dynamics of electrons is determined by the numerical solution of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation using a finite difference scheme. The inhomogeneous external magnetic field is generated with a three-coil system and calculated using the Biot-Savart law. The electrons move along a TE011 cylinder cavity in a stationary magnetic field whose axis coincides with the cavity axis. The magnetic field profile obtained is such that it keeps the phase difference between the electric field vector of the microwave mode and the velocity vector of the particle within the acceleration band. For an electron injected longitudinally with an energy of 1 keV and that starts at the radial midpoint of the cavity, it is accelerated up to an energy of about 185 keV using an electric field amplitude of 14 kV/cm and a frequency of 2.45 GHz at a distance of 14 cm.

Poster MOPAB050 [3.298 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB050

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB159

Matching of an RFQ and Multicusp Ion Source with Compact LEBT

rfq, LEBT, ion-source, simulation

546

L.H. Waites, J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: NSF provided funding for RFQ-DIP project, Draper Laboratory provided fellowship for graduate studnets
The IsoDAR project is a neutrino experiment that requires a high current H²⁺ beam at 60 MeV/amu, which will be produced by a cyclotron. A critical aspect of the design is the injection, which comprises an ion source, a compact low energy beam transport section (LEBT), and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) buncher embedded in the cyclotron yoke. The LEBT is optimized to match the desired input Twiss parameters of the RFQ. Here we report on the latest results from the ion source commissioning, and on the design and optimization of the LEBT with matching to the RFQ. With this ion source, we have demonstrated a 76% H²⁺ fraction at a current density of 11 mA/cm² in DC mode. The design of the LEBT includes a chopper, steering elements, and focusing elements, to achieve the desired matching, which according to our simulations leads to ~95% transmission from the ion source to the exit of the RFQ.

Poster MOPAB159 [0.851 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB159

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB160

Tools for the Development and Applications of the IsoDAR Cyclotron

rfq, proton, target, injection

550

L.H. Waites, J.R. Alonso, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: NSF provided funding for the RFQDIP project, Draper laboratory provided a fellowship for the graduate student
The IsoDAR cyclotron is a 60 MeV cyclotron designed to output 10mA of protons in order to be a driver for a neutrino experiment. However, this high power can be used in other useful and important applications outside of particle physics. The IsoDAR cyclotron accelerates H²⁺, which allows the beam to be highly versatile and important for the development of high-power targets. This could help alleviate a huge bottleneck in the medical isotope community. IsoDAR could also be used for the development of materials. The accelerator system uses many new tools, including novel methods of applying machine learning, as well as several of the uses of this new technology. With these applications and tools, the IsoDAR cyclotron can have an important impact on the accelerator, medical, and physics communities.

Poster MOPAB160 [0.424 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB160

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB187

Design and Calculation of the RF System of DC140 Cyclotron

coupling, cavity, simulation, resonance

636

A.S. Zabanov, V.B. Zarubin
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
J. Franko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, V.A. Sokolov, K. Verlamov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The designed RF-system of the DC-72 cyclotron with a half-wave cavity is not suitable due to the big vertical size. For this reason, a new quarter-wave RF-system was developed for the DC140 cyclotron project. The results of calculating the parameters of the new RF-system are given in this work.

Poster MOPAB187 [0.488 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB187

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB194

First 3D Printed IH-Type Linac Structure - Proof-of-Concept for Additive Manufacturing of Linac rf Cavities

cavity, vacuum, experiment, linac

654

H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Additive manufacturing (or "3D printing") has become a powerful tool for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex geometries. As technology is evolving, the quality and accuracy of parts manufactured this way is ever improving. Especially interesting for the world of particle accelerators is the process of 3D printing of stainless steel (and copper) parts. We present the first fully functional IH-type drift tube structure manufactured by metal 3D printing. A 433 MHz prototype cavity has been constructed to act as a proof-of-concept for the technology. The cavity is designed to be UHV capable and includes cooling channels reaching into the stems of the DTL structure. We present the first experimental results for this prototype.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB194

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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MOPAB276

Investigation on the injection of the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP

injection, background, solenoid, radiation

873

F. Poirier, F. Bulteau-Harel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, C. Koumeir, C. Lassalle, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
F. Haddad
SUBATECH, Nantes, France

Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
A 70 MeV cyclotron is being used at the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, for various types of R&D on nuclear, biological and chemical reactions with beams and radioisotopes production. In order to adapt its usage for experiments and users demands of high peak intensity, above an equivalent average of a few µA, the injection is being adapted. Several studies are thus being performed in this section. These include the newly installed chopper-based system and the injection collimator. This paper details the various studies, specifically the signal purity obtained in the pulsed mode. A mode particularly adapted for flash irradiation.

Poster MOPAB276 [2.522 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB276

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB277

Installation, Use and Follow-Up of an Emittance-Meter at the Arronax Cyclotron 70XP

emittance, injection, quadrupole, ECR

877

F. Poirier, R. Bellamy, F. Bulteau-Harel, C. Castel, T. Durand, X. Goiziou, F. Haddad, C. Koumeir, R. Lelièvre, G. Mechin, L. Perrigaud, J. Poudevigne, H. Trichet
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
T. Adam, P.G. Graehling, M. Heine, C. Maazouzi, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
A. Dinkov, S. Wurth
IJCLab, ORSAY, France
F. Haddad
SUBATECH, Nantes, France

Funding: This work is supported by grants from the ANR program "Investissements d’Avenir", n°ANR-11-EQPX-0004, n°ANR-11-LABX-18-01 and n°ANR-16-IDE-0007 and by a PhD scholarship from CNRS/IN2P3.
The 70 MeV cyclotron group of the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, foresees to increase its beam intensity on target. For this, several beam studies are being performed in the various sections of the accelerator including the injection. Thus, an Allison-type emittance-meter has been installed in this section above the cyclotron and downstream a quadrupole triplet. Installation and the first results of a campaign of measurements are presented including high intensity runs, up to 1 mA for 40 keV H⁻ ions. The emittance-meter is expected to be used with several accelerators throughout the world. Therefore, a strategy on the follow-up of the activation of sample materials used in the equipment is being established and is described in the paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB277

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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MOPAB419

Acceleration and Measurement of Alpha Particles and Hydrogen Molecular Ions with the HZB Cyclotron

radiation, proton, vacuum, scattering

1264

G. Kourkafas, J. Bundesmann, A. Denker, T. Fanselow, J. Röhrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany
J. Heufelder, A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

The HZB cyclotron has treated more than 4000 patients with eye tumors using protons. The accelerator can also provide heavier ions which could be suitable for ocular radiation therapy. Helium ions exhibit less lateral spread, increased relative biological effectiveness and a sharper Bragg-Peak compared to protons of the same range, while minimizing nuclear fragmentation and thus excessive dose downstream the irradiated volume compared to more heavy ions. When accelerating fully stripped helium ions (alpha particles), hydrogen molecular ions can also be accelerated to the same energy with a small tuning of the machine due to having almost the same mass-to-charge ratio, yielding a proton beam of double current after the beam exits the vacuum window towards the target. The acceleration and characterization of these two ion species are described in this paper, suggesting the feasibility of a corresponding clinical cyclotron for ocular or even deep-seated tumors.

Poster MOPAB419 [0.806 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB419

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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TUXB07

High-Current H₂⁺ Beams from a Compact Cyclotron using RFQ Direct Injection

rfq, simulation, extraction, ion-source

1301

D. Winklehner, J.M. Conrad, D. Koser, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: This work was supported by NSF grants PHY-1505858 and PHY-1626069.
For the IsoDAR neutrino experiment, we have developed a compact and cost-effective cyclotron-based driver to produce high current beams (cw proton beam currents of >10 mA at 60 MeV). This is a factor of 4 higher than the current state-of-the-art for cyclotrons and a factor of 10 compared to what is commercially available. All areas of physics that call for high cw currents can greatly benefit from this result; e.g. particle physics, medical isotope production, and energy research. This increase in beam current is possible in part because the cyclotron is designed to include and use vortex-motion, allowing clean extraction. Such a design process is only possible with the help of high-fidelity codes, like OPAL. Another novelty is the use of an RFQ embedded in the cyclotron yoke to bunch the beam during axial injection. Finally, using H²⁺ relieves some of the space charge constraints during injection. In this paper, we will give an overview of the project and then focus on the design and simulations of the cyclotron itself. We will describe the physics, computational tools, and simulation results. At the end, we will describe how we are including machine learning in the simulations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXB07

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paper received ※ 27 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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TUPAB187

Reconstruction of U400M Cyclotron: Upgrade of U400M Cyclotron Magnetic Structure

extraction, operation, MMI, ECR

1838

I.A. Ivanenko, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

U400M isochronous cyclotron was created on the base of U300 classic cyclotron and is under operation at FLNR, JINR since 1996. At the present time the cyclotron electromagnet with 4 meter pole diameter needs a reconstruction that includes a replacement of magnet main coil, corrections of the magnetic field at the central region and at the extraction radius. For measurements and shimming of cyclotron magnetic field the automatic mapping system, based on 14 Hall probes, will be created.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB187

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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TUPAB188

InnovaTron: An Innovative High-Intensity Industrial Cyclotron for Production of Tc-99m and Other Frontier Medical Radioisotopes*

extraction, ion-source, proton, acceleration

1841

G. D’Agostino, Q. Flandroy, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. van der Kraaij
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886190.
Tc-99m is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. It is almost exclusively produced with a few ageing research reactors worldwide. In response to growing concerns about Tc-99m availability and its increasing demand, alternative production routes are being explored. The EU-funded InnovaTron project aims at designing an innovative compact high-intensity self-extracting cyclotron able to deliver proton beams with currents up to 5 mA or more for the direct production of Tc-99m. It could be also used for production of high quantities of other frontier medical radioisotopes. The proton beams exit without using an electrostatic deflector to overcome its current limitations. A prototype cyclotron was built by IBA in 2001. Currents up to 2 mA were extracted from it. However, at higher intensities, the extraction efficiency was not higher than 70-75% and the extracted emittance was rather large. The InnovaTron project will implement new technological solutions in the self-extracting cyclotron to be used for large-scale industrial applications. An overview on the InnovaTron project is here presented together with the first simulation results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB188

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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TUPAB189

Design and Simulation of Beam Transport Lines of DC140 Cyclotron

quadrupole, radiation, target, heavy-ion

1845

V.I. Lisov, N.S. Kirilkin, A.S. Zabanov
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The beam transport system has three lines: for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The design and simulation of the beam transport system from cyclotron is presented in this report. The beam focusing in the beam lines is provided by set of quadrupole lenses. The beam diagnostics system consists of the Faraday caps, luminophores and the magnetic scanning system.

Poster TUPAB189 [0.958 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB189

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB190

Design and Simulation of the Extraction System of DC140 Cyclotron

extraction, focusing, quadrupole, septum

1849

V.I. Lisov, A.A. Protasov, A.S. Zabanov
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, G.N. Ivanov, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The system based on four main elements - electrostatic deflector, focusing magnetic channel, Permanent Magnet Quadrupole lens and steering magnet is used in the DC140 cyclotron for extraction of the accelerated beam. The design and simulation of the beam extraction system from the DC140 cyclotron are presented in this report.

Poster TUPAB190 [1.102 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB190

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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TUPAB191

Design and Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC140 Cyclotron of FLNR JINR

injection, ECR, radiation, simulation

1852

N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bekhterev, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, S.V. Mitrofanov, N.F. Osipov, V.A. Semin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V.I. Lisov
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research carries out the works under creating of FLNR JINR Irradiation Facility based on the cyclotron DC140. The facility is intended for SEE testing of microchip, for production of track membranes and for solving of applied physics problems. The main systems of DC140 are based on the DC72 cyclotron ones that now are under reconstruction. The DC140 cyclotron is intended for acceleration of heavy ions with mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within interval from 5 to 5.5 up to two fixed energies 2.124 and 4.8 MeV per unit mass. The intensity of the accelerated ions will be about 1 pmcA for light ions (A<86) and about 0.1 pmcA for heavier ions (A>132). The injection into cyclotron will be realized from the external room temperature 18 GHz ECR ion source. The design and simulation of the axial injection system of the DC140 cyclotron is presented in this report.

Poster TUPAB191 [1.090 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB191

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB240

The Impact of Trajectory-Shaped Coil on the Beam Dynamics in the SC230 Superconducting Cyclotron

betatron, proton, extraction, induction

2002

I.D. Lyapin, O. Karamyshev, V. Malinin, D. Popov
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
G.A. Karamysheva
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In this paper, we compared the effect of the cyclotron coil shape on the beam dynamics. Two models were created. The first has a conventional round coil, the second has a coil that follows the trajectory of the protons. Parameters of extracted beams are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB240

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB297

Data Archive System for Superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator at RIBF

controls, EPICS, network, experiment

2178

A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

At RIKEN Nishina Center, superconducting RIKEN Linear Accelerator (SRILAC) was newly installed at downstream of existing accelerator and upgraded for the search experiments of super-heavy-elements with atomic numbers of 119 and higher. For the data archiving and the data visualization in RI Beam Factory (RIBF) project, we have utilized RIBFCAS (RIBF control archive system) since 2009. For the number of archived data point was expected to increase dramatically for SRILAC, we introduced the Archiver Appliance for improvement of the data archiving performance. On the other hand, to realize a user-friendly system about the data visualization, the data of RIBFCAS and the Archiver Appliance should be visualized on the same system. In this system, by implementing a Web application to convert the RIBFCAS data to JSON format, it became possible to unify the data format with the Archiver Appliance and display the data with the same viewer software. In the SRILAC beam commissioning, it became to useful system for finding anomalies and understanding the behavior of superconducting cavity. In this conference, we report the system implementation, developed tool, and the future plan in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB297

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB350

Design of 71 MHz Power Amplifier in a Single-ended Architecture for IRANCYC-10 Cyclotron

simulation, impedance, factory, SRF

2325

F. Babagoli Moziraji, H. Afarideh
AUT, Tehran, Iran
M. Dehghan
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
F. Ghasemi
NSTRI, Tehran, Iran

In this paper, the design and simulation of a high power amplifier to provide the required power of a cyclotron accelerator (IRANCYC-10) is presented step-by-step. By combining four modules of this amplifier, a power of 2.5 kW can be achieved to start the main power amplifier. The single ended designs amplifier can generate 1 kW the operating frequency of 71MHz continuous wave (CW). The purpose of choosing this type of design is simplicity to build without the need for a balun, low weight to build high power, as well as cost-effectiveness. The gain and PAE of the SSPA are 21.21 and 71%, respectively. There are also ways to reduce the size of the amplifier.

Poster TUPAB350 [1.008 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB350

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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TUPAB408

A Novel Automatic Focusing System for the Production of Radioisotopes for Theranostics

target, detector, radiation, focusing

2480

P. Häffner, C. Belver-Aguilar, S. Braccini, P. Casolaro, G. Dellepiane, I. Mateu, P. Scampoli, M. Schmid
AEC, Bern, Switzerland
P. Scampoli
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Funding: This research was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Grants:200021₁75749, CRSII5₁80352, CR23I2₁56852.
A research program on the production of novel radioisotopes for theranostics is ongoing at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron laboratory equipped with a solid target station. Targets are made of rare and expensive isotope enriched materials in form of compressed 6 mm diameter pellets. The irradiation of such a small target is challenging. A specific capsule has been developed made of two aluminum halves kept together by permanent magnets. Since the beam extracted from a medical cyclotron is about 12 mm FWHM, an automatic compact focusing system was conceived and constructed to optimise the irradiation procedure. It is based on a 0.5 m long magnetic system, embedding two quadrupoles and two steering magnets, and a non-destructive beam monitoring detector located in front of the target. The profiles measured by the detector are elaborated by a specific software that, through a feedback optimisation algorithm, acts on the magnets and keeps the beam focused on target. Being about 1 m long, it can be installed in any existing medical cyclotron facility. The design of the first prototype together with the results of the first beam tests are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB408

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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WEPAB195

Design and Optimization of a Low Frequency RF-Input Coupler for the IsoDAR RFQ

rfq, coupling, simulation, multipactoring

3081

M.P. Sangroula, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Schuett
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany

Funding: The RFQ-DIP project is supported by National Science Foundation grant \# PHY-1626069 and the Heising-Simons Foundation.
The Isotope Decay-At-Rest experiment (IsoDAR) is a proposed underground experiment which is expected to be a definitive search for sterile neutrinos. IsoDAR uses an especially designed low-frequency spilt-coaxial radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) to accelerate H²⁺ ions directly from the ion source into the main cyclotron accelerator. This paper mainly focuses on the design and optimization of a low frequency (32.8 MHz) RF-input coupler for the IsoDAR RFQ. Starting with a basic design, we determine its appropriate position for this coupler in the RFQ. Finally, we optimized the design to lower the input power without compromising the coupling efficiency.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB195

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paper received ※ 21 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 30 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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WEPAB202

Thermal Analysis of a Compact Split-Coaxial CW RFQ for the IsoDAR RFQ-DIP

rfq, simulation, injection, target

3097

D. Koser, J.M. Conrad, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany

The RFQ direct injection project (RFQ-DIP) for the neutrino physics experiment IsoDAR aims at an efficient injection of a high-current H²⁺ beam into the dedicated 60 MeV driver cyclotron. Therefore, it is intended to use a compact 32.8 MHz RFQ structure of the split-coaxial type as a pre-buncher. To determine the thermal elongation of the 1.4 m long electrode rods as well as the thermal frequency detuning of the RF structure at a maximum nominal power load of 3.6 kW, an extensive thermal and structural mechanical analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics was conducted. The water heating along the cooling channels as well as the properties of heat transfer from the copper structure to the cooling water were taken into account, which required CFD simulations of the cooling water flow in the turbulent regime. Here we present the methods and results of the sophisticated thermal and structural mechanical simulations using COMSOL and provide a comparison to more simplistic simulations conducted with CST Studio Suite.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB202

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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THPAB167

Technical Design of an RFQ Injector for the IsoDAR Cyclotron

rfq, cavity, simulation, coupling

4075

H. Höltermann, D. Koser, B. Koubek, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett, M. Syha
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
J.M. Conrad, J. Smolsky, L.H. Waites, D. Winklehner
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

For the IsoDAR (Isotope Decay-At-Rest) experiment, a high intensity (10 mA CW) primary proton beam is needed. To generate this beam, H²⁺ is accelerated in a cyclotron and stripped into protons after extraction. An RFQ, partially embedded in the cyclotron yoke, will be used to bunch and axially inject H²⁺ ions into the main accelerator. The strong RFQ bunching capabilities will be used to optimize the overall injection efficiency. To keep the setup compact the distance between the ion source and RFQ can be kept very short as well. In this paper, we describe the technical design of the RFQ. We focus on two critical aspects: 1. The use of a split-coaxial structure, necessitated by the low frequency of 32.8 MHz (matching the cyclotron RF) and the desired small tank diameter; 2. The high current, CW operation, requiring a good cooling concept for the RFQ tank and vanes.

Poster THPAB167 [2.162 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB167

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THPAB182

DC-280 Cyclotron for Factory of Super Heavy Elements, Experimental Results

acceleration, experiment, ECR, injection

4126

V.A. Semin, S.L. Bogomolov, K. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, I.V. Kalagin, N.Yu. Kazarinov, V.I. Mironov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
L.A. Pavlov
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia

The DC280 is the high current cyclotron with design beam intensities up to 10 pµA for ions with energy from 4 to 8 MeV/nucleon. It was developed and created at the FLNR JINR. The first was extracted from the cyclotron on January 17, 2019. Experiments on acceleration of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, 48Ti, 52Cr and 84Kr beams production were carried out. The following intensities of accelerated beam have been achieved: 10 pµA for 12C+2; 9,2 pµA for 40Ar+7; 7,1 pµA for 48Ca+10; 1,0 pµA for 48Ti+10; 2,4 pµA for 52Cr+10 and 1.43 pµA for 84Kr+14;. The accelerator has worked more than 9000 hours. The work of accelerator was stable and high efficiency. The total acceleration efficiency from ion source to transport channel was about 46%.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB182

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THPAB192

Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics

simulation, solenoid, beam-losses, ion-source

4153

D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.

Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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FRXC05

Gas Jet In-Vivo Dosimetry for Particle Beam Therapy

operation, diagnostics, proton, GUI

4548

J. Wolfenden, N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
N. Kumar, A. Salehilashkajani, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is supported by the HL-LHC-UK project funded by STFC and CERN and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Medical applications of charged particle beams require a full online characterisation of the beam to ensure patient safety, treatment efficacy, and facility efficiency. In-vivo dosimetry, measurement of delivered dose during treatment, is a significant part of this characterisation. Current methods offer limited information or are invasive to the beam, meaning measurements must be done offline. This contribution presents the development of a non-invasive gas jet in-vivo dosimeter for treatment facilities. The technique is based on the interaction between a particle beam and a supersonic gas jet curtain, which was originally developed for the high luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider (HL-LHC). To demonstrate the medical application of this technique, an existing HL-LHC test system with minor modifications will be installed at the University of Birmingham’s 35 MeV proton cyclotron, which has properties comparable to that of a treatment beam. This contribution presents the design and development of this test setup, plans for initial benchmarking measurements, and plans for a future optimised medical accelerator gas jet in-vivo dosimeter.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXC05

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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