Keyword: neutron
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MOPAB031 Development and Operation of Vacuum System for Rapid Cycling Synchrotron to Target Beam Transfer Line of China Spallation Neutron Source vacuum, target, operation, proton 145
 
  • J.M. Liu, Y.H. Guan, S.M. Liu, B. Tan, P.C. Wang
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  • H. Dong
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • H.Y. He, T. Huang
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS) is a major sci­en­tific pro­ject dur­ing the Na­tional Eleventh Five-Year Plan. It con­sists of a neg­a­tive hy­dro­gen ion lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor, a rapid cy­cling syn­chro­tron ( RCS), a linac to RCS beam trans­fer line (LRBT), an RCS to tar­get beam trans­fer line (RTBT), and a tar­get sta­tion. As an im­por­tant part of CSNS, the RTBT con­nects the rapid cy­cling syn­chro­tron and the tar­get win­dow. This paper de­scribed the de­sign re­quire­ments, tech­ni­cal so­lu­tions, and op­er­at­ing con­di­tions of the vac­uum sys­tem for the CSNS RCS to tar­get beam trans­fer line. In ad­di­tion, the fast valve pro­tec­tion sys­tem and its ver­i­fi­ca­tion re­sults were also ex­pounded. The CSNS has been in op­er­a­tion for over three years, dur­ing this pe­riod, the beam power has been grad­u­ally im­proved from 10KW to 100KW, and the vac­uum sys­tem for RTBT has been op­er­at­ing sta­bly.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB031 [0.581 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB031  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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MOPAB123 Radiation Safety Considerations For The APS Upgrade Injector radiation, booster, survey, shielding 445
 
  • K.C. Harkay, J.R. Calvey, S. Chitra, G.I. Fystro, M.J. Henry, E.E. Heyeck, B.J. Micklich, K.P. Wootton
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Ad­vanced Pho­ton Source Up­grade (APS-U) is a high-per­for­mance fourth-gen­er­a­tion stor­age ring light source based on multi­bend achro­mat op­tics. As such, APS-U will re­quire on-axis in­jec­tion. The in­jec­tors will need to sup­ply full-cur­rent bunch re­place­ment in the ring; there­fore, the in­jected bunch charge will be up to five times higher than what is typ­i­cal for APS. A pro­gram was con­ducted to mea­sure the ra­di­a­tion dose above the in­jec­tor trans­port line to the APS stor­age ring for both nor­mal op­er­a­tion con­di­tions and con­trolled loss sce­nar­ios. Stan­dard sur­vey me­ters were used to record the dose. A re­view of the dose data iden­ti­fied op­por­tu­ni­ties to min­i­mize the po­ten­tial dose under nor­mal APS-U high charge op­er­a­tion and fault con­di­tions; these in­clude im­prov­ing the sup­ple­men­tal shield­ing and adding en­gi­neered con­trols. In ad­di­tion, the dose data pro­vide a bench­mark for eval­u­at­ing new ra­di­a­tion mon­i­tors for APS-U. 		 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB123  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
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MOPAB198 Study on Magnet Sorting of the CSNS/RCS Dipoles dipole, closed-orbit, MMI, controls 665
 
  • Y. Li, Y.W. An
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • Z.P. Li, S.Y. Xu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  The 1.6GeV rapid cy­cling syn­chro­tron (RCS) of the China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS) is a high-power pulsed pro­ton ma­chine aim­ing for 500kW out­put beam power. Now, the rou­tine out­put beam power has been in­creased to 100kW. How­ever, the hor­i­zon­tal bare orbit in the ring is large (15mm) and the num­ber of cor­rec­tors is small, which brings great chal­lenges to the ramp-up of beam power. It is found that the bare orbit in AC mode is 3-4mm larger than that in DC mode. The rea­son is that the AC dipoles field error is larger than DC dipoles field error. There­fore, it is pro­posed to sort dipoles again ac­cord­ing to the AC dipoles field error. In order to re­duce the risk of beam com­mis­sion­ing, fewer mag­nets should to be moved to achieve smaller orbit. The best re­sults of mov­ing two to six mag­nets were cal­cu­lated. After sort­ing, the orbit can be re­duced by 3-4mm, which re­duces the dif­fi­culty of orbit cor­rec­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB198  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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MOPAB200 Parameters Measurements of Proton Beam Extracted from CSNS/RCS emittance, target, MMI, extraction 668
 
  • Z.P. Li, Y.W. An, M.Y. Huang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • Y. Li, S.Y. Xu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  • H.Y. Liu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  In order to study the emit­tance evo­lu­tion of the cir­cu­lat­ing beam in the fast-cy­cling syn­chro­tron (RCS) of the Chi­nese Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS), pa­ra­me­ter mea­sure­ments of the beam ex­tracted at dif­fer­ent times were car­ried out. The mea­sure­ments were mainly based on wire-scan­ners mounted in RCS to tar­get trans­port line (RTBT) for beam pro­file mea­sure­ment, and dif­fer­ent meth­ods were ap­plied in the so­lu­tion processes. The emit­tance and C.S pa­ra­me­ters of the ex­tracted beam at dif­fer­ent times were ob­tained and stud­ied, which pro­vided an im­por­tant ref­er­ence basis for the beam com­mis­sion­ing of RCS. The beam en­ve­lope along the RTBT has been matched and re-mea­sured, which was in good agree­ment with the de­sign op­tics.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB200  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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MOPAB299 STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF FARADAY CUP FOR BEAM COMMISSIONING OF CSNS target, MMI, proton, linac 943
 
  • A.X. Wang, L. Kang, M. Meng, J.L. Sun
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, H.Y. He, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, X.J. Nie, C.J. Ning, R.Y. Qiu, G.Y. Wang, T. Yang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang, D.H. Zhu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Fara­day cup is used to ab­sorb and stop the beam dur­ing the two phases of beam com­mis­sion­ing, such as the front end (FE) sys­tem and the tem­po­rary line after the drift tube linac (DTL) at the Chi­nese Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS). Ac­cord­ing to the beam phys­i­cal pa­ra­me­ters, graphite is se­lected to stop the beam di­rectly, and oxy­gen-free cop­per which is just be­hind the graphite as the ther­mal con­duc­tive ma­te­r­ial. By the analy­sis and com­par­i­son of the tar­get type and cool­ing ef­fi­ciency, the sin­gle slant tar­get is adopted. The in­ci­dent angle be­tween the tar­get sur­face and the beam is set as 10°, mean­while a new wa­ter­fall type wa­ter-cool­ing struc­ture with par­al­lel tun­nels is de­signed to im­prove the cool­ing ef­fi­ciency. The fi­nite el­e­ment soft­ware ANSYS is used for ther­mal analy­sis of the model, by which the di­am­e­ter and in­ter­val of water cool­ing tun­nels are op­ti­mized. The fara­day cup dis­cussed in this paper is fi­nally suc­cess­fully in­stalled in the beam com­mis­sion­ing line and went well.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB299 [1.113 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB299  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
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MOPAB326 Maximum Entropy Reconstruction of 4D Transverse Phase Space from 2D Projections: with Application to Laser Wire Measurements in the SNS HEBT laser, emittance, coupling, linac 1008
 
  • C.Y. Wong, A.P. Shishlo
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  We em­ploy the prin­ci­ple of max­i­mum en­tropy (MENT) to re­con­struct 4D trans­verse phase space from its 2D pro­jec­tions. Emit­tance de­vices com­monly mea­sure two spe­cific 2D pro­jec­tions, i.e. the hor­i­zon­tal and ver­ti­cal phase space dis­tri­b­u­tions. We show that: 1) given only these two 2D pro­jec­tions, their prod­uct is the an­a­lytic MENT so­lu­tion to the 4D dis­tri­b­u­tion; and 2) ad­di­tional 2D pro­jec­tions pro­vide in­for­ma­tion on in­ter-plane cou­pling in the MENT re­con­struc­tion of the 4D phase space which can be solved nu­mer­i­cally. At the Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS), laser wires in the high en­ergy beam trans­port (HEBT) en­able non-in­va­sive two-slit type trans­verse phase space mea­sure­ments. Laser wires play the role of the first slit whereas phys­i­cal wires down­stream of a drift act as the sec­ond slit. We re­con­struct the 4D phase space in the HEBT using all four hor­i­zon­tal/ver­ti­cal per­mu­ta­tions of the two slits where: 1) the two con­fig­u­ra­tions with par­al­lel slits con­sti­tute or­di­nary 2D phase space mea­sure­ments in ei­ther plane; and 2) the two con­fig­u­ra­tions with per­pen­dic­u­lar slits carry cou­pling in­for­ma­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB326  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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MOPAB400 Development of Helium Vessel Welding Process for SNS PPU Cavities cavity, proton, cryomodule, accelerating-gradient 1212
 
  • P. Dhakal, E. Daly, G.K. Davis, J.F. Fischer, N.A. Huque, K. Macha, P.D. Owen, K.M. Wilson, M. Wiseman
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source Pro­ton Power Up­grade cav­i­ties are pro­duced by Re­search In­stru­ment with all the cav­ity pro­cess­ing done at ven­dor sites with final chem­istry ap­plied to the cav­ity to be elec­trop­o­l­ish­ing. Cav­i­ties are de­liv­ered to Jef­fer­son Lab, ready to be tested. One of the tasks to be com­pleted be­fore the ar­rival of pro­duc­tion-ready PPU cav­i­ties is to de­velop a ro­bust he­lium ves­sel weld­ing pro­to­col. We have suc­cess­fully de­vel­oped the process and ap­plied it to three six-cell high beta cav­i­ties. Here, we pre­sent the sum­mary of RF re­sults, weld­ing process de­vel­op­ment, and post he­lium ves­sel RF re­sults. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPAB400 [1.313 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB400  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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MOPAB416 BDSIM Developments for Hadron Therapy Centre Applications proton, simulation, radiation, shielding 1252
 
  • E. Ramoisiaux, E. Gnacadja, C. Hernalsteens, N. Pauly, R. Tesse, M. Vanwelde
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • S.T. Boogert, L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • C. Hernalsteens
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • W. Shields
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  Hadron ther­apy cen­tres are evolv­ing to­wards re­duced-foot­print lay­outs, often fea­tur­ing a sin­gle treat­ment room. The eval­u­a­tion of beam prop­er­ties, ra­di­a­tion pro­tec­tion quan­ti­ties, and con­crete shield­ing ac­ti­va­tion via nu­mer­i­cal sim­u­la­tions poses new chal­lenges that can be tack­led using the nu­mer­i­cal beam trans­port and Monte-Carlo code Beam De­liv­ery Sim­u­la­tion (BDSIM), al­low­ing a seam­less sim­u­la­tion of the dy­nam­ics as a whole. Spe­cific de­vel­op­ments have been car­ried out in BDSIM to ad­vance its ef­fi­ciency to­ward such ap­pli­ca­tions, and a de­tailed 4D Monte-Carlo scor­ing mech­a­nism has been im­ple­mented. It pro­duces tal­lies such as the spa­tial-en­ergy dif­fer­en­tial flu­ence in ar­bi­trary scor­ing meshes. The fea­ture makes use of the generic boost::his­togram li­brary and al­lows an event-by-event se­ri­al­i­sa­tion and stor­age in the ROOT data for­mat. The pyg4om­e­try li­brary is ex­tended to im­prove the vi­su­al­i­sa­tion of crit­i­cal fea­tures such as the com­plex geome­tries of BDSIM mod­els, the beam tracks, and the scored quan­ti­ties. Data are con­verted from Geant4 and ROOT to a 3D vi­su­al­i­sa­tion using the VTK frame­work. These fea­tures are ap­plied to a com­plete IBA Pro­teus One model.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB416 [1.575 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB416  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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TUPAB101 Monte Carlo Simulations and Neutron and Gamma Fluence Measurements to Investigate Stray Radiation in the European XFEL Undulator System undulator, electron, radiation, simulation 1615
 
  • O.E. Falowska-Pietrzak, A. Hedqvist, F. Hellberg
    Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • N. Bassler
    DCPT, Aarhus N, Denmark
  • A. Leuschner, D. Nölle
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • F. Wolff-Fabris
    EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
  
  The Eu­ro­pean X-ray Free Elec­tron Laser (XFEL) is an user fa­cil­ity re­search cen­tre gen­er­at­ing ex­tremely bright and ul­tra-short SASE x-ray pulses. The laser flashes are gen­er­ated when elec­trons of GeV en­er­gies pass the un­du­la­tor sys­tems. Even if the dom­i­nat­ing con­tri­bu­tion of the ra­di­a­tion field in the un­du­la­tor is from spon­ta­neous un­du­la­tor ra­di­a­tion, also elec­tron losses can be ob­served, e.g. dur­ing beam steer­ing or due to beam halo, not cap­tured by the up­stream col­li­ma­tion sys­tem. The in­ter­ac­tions of those par­ti­cles with the vac­uum ves­sel wall re­sult in the emis­sion of stray ra­di­a­tion. The LB 6419 de­tec­tor al­lows to mea­sure both the neu­tron and the gamma com­po­nent in the pulsed ra­di­a­tion fields nearby the un­du­la­tors*. Usu­ally, the real-time mea­sure­ments show the dom­i­nance of the gamma sig­nals. How­ever, in case of par­ti­cle loss oc­curs, a neu­tron sig­nal is ob­served. In ad­di­tion, Monte Carlo (MC) sim­u­la­tions con­ducted using the Geant4 code in­di­cate that neu­trons are also pre­sent within the un­du­la­tor’s mag­nets vol­ume. In this work, we pre­sent the LB 6419 mea­sure­ment data and com­pare these to our MC sim­u­la­tions, to char­ac­ter­ize the ra­di­a­tion field nearby the un­du­la­tor seg­ment.
* KLETT, A., LEUSCHNER, A., TESCH, N., A dose meter for pulsed neutron fields, Radiat Meas 45 (2010) 1242-1244 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB101  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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TUPAB186 Longitudinal Dynamics in the Prototype vFFA Ring for ISIS2 acceleration, extraction, bunching, injection 1834
 
  • D.J. Kelliher, J.-B. Lagrange, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, C.T. Rogers
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • A.P. Letchford, J. Pasternak
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • J. Pasternak
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • E. Yamakawa
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  A ver­ti­cal Fixed Field Ac­cel­er­a­tor (vFFA) is a can­di­date for a fu­ture high-power (MW-class) spal­la­tion source at ISIS. In order to as­sess the fea­si­bil­ity of this novel ring, a pro­to­type is cur­rently being de­signed. Here we con­sider the lon­gi­tu­di­nal dy­nam­ics in the pro­to­type ring. A key re­quire­ment of fu­ture neu­tron spal­la­tion sources is flex­i­bil­ity of op­er­a­tion to best serve mul­ti­ple tar­get sta­tions. Beam stack­ing al­lows a rapid cy­cling, high in­ten­sity ma­chine to op­er­ate at lower rep­e­ti­tion rates but with higher peak out­put. Here we show how beam stack­ing can be re­alised in the vFFA while min­imis­ing the peak RF volt­age re­quired.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB186  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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TUPAB193 Operation and Maintenance of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source Stripper Foil operation, injection, radiation, site 1858
 
  • J.X. Chen, X.J. Nie, A.X. Wang, Y.J. Yu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • L. Kang, L. Liu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.B. Yu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11975253) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2018A030313959)
The strip­per foil sys­tem is the es­sen­tial equip­ment of the spal­la­tion neu­tron source to achieve neg­a­tive hy­dro­gen in­jec­tion. More than 99% of neg­a­tive hy­dro­gen ions com­plete the charge strip­per in the pri­mary strip­per foil dur­ing the in­jec­tion process. The re­main­ing ions will lead to the in-dump after the sec­ondary foil or ab­sorbed by the neg­a­tive hy­dro­gen scraper. This paper in­tro­duces some work records of op­er­a­tion and main­te­nance of strip­per foil sys­tem.
stripper foil, maintenance, operation 		 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB193  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB195 Local Orbit Correction Application for CSNS-RCS High Intensity Commissioning MMI, controls, optics, resonance 1865
 
  • Y.W. An, Y. Li, S.Y. Xu, Y. Yuan
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • M.T. Li
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  The China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS) is a high in­ten­sity hadron pulse fa­cil­ity which achieved the de­sign goal in March, 2020. The Rapid Cy­cling Syn­chro­tron (RCS) is the im­por­tant part of the CSNS which ac­cel­er­ates the pro­ton beam from 80MeV to 1.6GeV. Dur­ing the high in­ten­sity com­mis­sion­ing of the RCS, an local orbit cor­rec­tion ap­pli­ca­tion was de­vel­oped. Be­cause of the good per­for­mance of the local orbit con­trol­ling at the ramp­ing stage, the beam loss was op­ti­mized ef­fec­tively in the process of the ac­cel­er­a­tion. In the paper, the ef­fi­ciency of the beam loss op­ti­miza­tion dur­ing the ac­cel­er­a­tion is given and the fu­ture plans were pro­posed.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB195  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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TUPAB204 Upgrade of Los Alamos Accelerator Facility as a Fusion Prototypic Neutron Source target, radiation, linac, proton 1890
 
  • Y.K. Batygin, E.J. Pitcher
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract 89233218CNA000001
The Fu­sion Pro­to­typic Neu­tron Source (FPNS) is con­sid­ered to be a test­bed for sci­en­tific un­der­stand­ing of ma­te­r­ial degra­da­tion in fu­ture nu­clear fu­sion re­ac­tors. The pri­mary mis­sion of FPNS is to pro­vide a dam­age rate in sam­ples of 8-11 dpa/cal­en­dar year with He/dpa ratio of 10 appm in ir­ra­di­a­tion vol­ume of 50 cubic cm or larger with ir­ra­di­a­tion tem­per­a­ture 300-1000 deg C and flux gra­di­ent less than 20%/cm in the plane of the sam­ple. Los Alamos Neu­tron Sci­ence Cen­ter (LAN­SCE) is an at­trac­tive can­di­date for FPNS pro­ject. Ac­cel­er­a­tor Fa­cil­ity was de­signed and op­er­ated for an ex­tended pe­riod as a 0.8-MW Meson Fac­tory. Ex­ist­ing setup of the LAN­SCE ac­cel­er­a­tor com­plex can nearly ful­fill re­quire­ments of the fu­sion neu­tron source sta­tion. The pri­mary func­tion of the up­graded ac­cel­er­a­tor sys­tems is the safe and re­li­able de­liv­ery of a 1.25-mA con­tin­u­ous pro­ton beam cur­rent at 800-MeV beam en­ergy from the switch­yard to the tar­get as­sem­bly to cre­ate 1 MW power of pro­ton beam in­ter­act­ing with a solid tung­sten tar­get. The pre­sent study de­scribes ex­ist­ing ac­cel­er­a­tor setup and fur­ther de­vel­op­ment re­quired to meet the needs of FPNS pro­ject. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB204  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB205 Advancement of LANSCE Front End Accelerator Facility rfq, DTL, proton, linac 1894
 
  • Y.K. Batygin, D. Gorelov, S.S. Kurennoy, J.W. Lewellen, N.A. Moody, L. Rybarcyk
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract 89233218CNA000001
The LAN­SCE ac­cel­er­a­tor started rou­tine op­er­a­tion in 1972 as a high-power fa­cil­ity for fun­da­men­tal re­search and na­tional se­cu­rity ap­pli­ca­tions. To re­duce long-term op­er­a­tional risk, we pro­pose to de­velop a new Front End of ac­cel­er­a­tor fa­cil­ity. It con­tains 100-keV in­jec­tor with 3-MeV RFQ, and 6-tanks Drift Tube Linac to ac­cel­er­ate par­ti­cles up to en­ergy of 100 MeV. The low-en­ergy in­jec­tor con­cept in­cludes two in­de­pen­dent trans­ports merg­ing H+ and H− beams at the en­trance of RFQ. Beam­lines are aimed to per­form pre­lim­i­nary beam bunch­ing in front of ac­cel­er­a­tor sec­tion with sub­se­quent si­mul­ta­ne­ous ac­cel­er­a­tion of two dif­fer­ent beams in a sin­gle RFQ. The paper dis­cusses de­sign top­ics of new Front End of ac­cel­er­a­tor fa­cil­ity. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB205  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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TUPAB262 The Characteristic of the Beam Position Growth in CSNS/RCS proton, MMI, impedance, synchrotron 2073
 
  • L. Huang, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • S.Y. Xu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: Work supported by NNSF of China: N0. U1832210
An in­sta­bil­ity of the beam po­si­tion growth is ob­served in the beam com­mis­sion­ing of the Rapid Cy­cling Syn­chro­tron of the China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source. To sim­plify the study, a se­ries of mea­sure­ments have been per­formed to char­ac­ter­ize the in­sta­bil­ity in the DC mode with con­sis­tent en­ergy of 80 MeV. The mea­sure­ment cam­paign is in­tro­duced in the paper and it con­forms to the char­ac­ter­is­tics of the cou­pled bunch in­sta­bil­ity. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB262 [3.748 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB262  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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TUPAB315 Development of Disaster Prevention System for Accelerator Tunnel radiation, operation, network, real-time 2228
 
  • K. Ishii, K. Bessho, M. Yoshioka
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • Y. Kawabata, H. Matsuda, K. Matsumoto
    Tobishima Corp., Tokyo, Japan
  • S. Tagashira
    Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
  • N. Yamamoto
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
  
  Funding: This work is supported by Health Labor Sciences Research Grant of Japan
In an en­closed space such as a par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tor tun­nel, en­sur­ing worker safety dur­ing a dis­as­ter is an issue of crit­i­cal im­por­tance. It is nec­es­sary to have a sys­tem in which the man­ager can know from out­side the tun­nel whether there is any worker left be­hind and whether the worker is es­cap­ing in the right di­rec­tion. Be­cause a global po­si­tion­ing sys­tem (GPS) is not avail­able in the tun­nel, we are de­vel­op­ing a dis­as­ter pre­ven­tion sys­tem that uses Wi-Fi to trans­mit the po­si­tion­ing of work­ers and two-way com­mu­ni­ca­tion. The Wi-Fi ac­cess point (AP) in­stalled in the tun­nel should be ra­di­a­tion re­sis­tant. Ad­di­tion­ally, the equip­ment car­ried by the worker is con­ve­nient and easy to carry. We tested the ra­di­a­tion hard­ness of com­mer­cial AP de­vices and de­vel­oped a smart­phone ap­pli­ca­tion to per­form lo­ca­tion in­for­ma­tion trans­mis­sion and si­mul­ta­ne­ous char­ac­ter trans­mis­sion. In 2019, we in­stalled the sys­tem on the J-PARC Main Ring and started its op­er­a­tion. In this paper, the func­tions of the de­vel­oped sys­tem and its prospects are de­scribed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB315  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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TUPAB317 Benchmarking of the Radiation Environment Simulations for CMS Experiment at LHC radiation, simulation, detector, experiment 2235
 
  • I.L. Azhgirey, I.A. Kurochkin, A.D. Riabchikova
    IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
  • D. Bozzato, A.E. Dabrowski, P. Kicsiny, S. Mallows, J. Wanczyk
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Ra­di­a­tion Sim­u­la­tions group of the Beam Ra­di­a­tion In­stru­men­ta­tion and Lu­mi­nos­ity Pro­ject of the CMS ex­per­i­ment pro­vide for CMS ra­di­a­tion en­vi­ron­ment and ra­di­a­tion ef­fects sim­u­la­tion and bench­mark­ing of these cal­cu­la­tions with CMS data and other data from LHC mea­sur­ing de­vices. We pre­sent some re­sults of such bench­mark­ing and the re­li­a­bil­ity analy­sis of the sim­u­la­tion pro­ce­dures for ra­di­a­tion en­vi­ron­ment cal­cu­la­tions at the LHC.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB317  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
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TUPAB323 Modular Type Quick Splicing Method for TPS Beamline Radiation Shielding Hutch radiation, shielding, synchrotron, scattering 2252
 
  • C.Y. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, C.L. Chen, Y.C. Lin, J.C. Liu, D.G. Liu, H.Y. Yan
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  The syn­chro­tron light source is trans­ported to the ex­per­i­men­tal sta­tion through a beam­line with spec­i­fied op­tics, such as mask, mir­ror, slit, mono­chro­ma­tor. Gen­er­ally, stan­dard beam­line should use solid ma­te­ri­als (stain­less steel, tung­sten, lead, and PE) to block bremsstrahlung and syn­chro­tron ra­di­a­tions, even the neu­tron. The ra­di­a­tion-shielded hutch sur­rounds the pe­riph­eral area of the beam­line with iron and lead pan­els. It re­quires block­ing the scat­ter­ing ra­di­a­tion to pro­tect the per­son against ra­di­a­tion haz­ards. A mod­u­lar­ized ra­di­a­tion shield­ing hutch in­cludes the frame, wall, and ceil­ing cover that can as­sem­ble on-site through splic­ing. This method could greatly shorten the in­stal­la­tion. Be­sides, we de­signed the mod­u­lar ceil­ing cover units with a quick mount­ing/open­ing func­tion to eas­ily en­able the main­te­nance and in­stal­la­tion of large op­ti­cal com­po­nents. The de­tails of the con­cept de­sign for the fixed-point ra­di­a­tion shield­ing hutch in the TPS beam­line are also re­ported that in­cludes the con­fig­u­ra­tions of the ra­di­a­tion shield­ing wall pan­els, frames, and pipes/ca­bles arrange­ments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB323  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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TUPAB324 Real-Time Radiation Monitoring System with Interlock Protection Mechanism in Taiwan Photon Source radiation, monitoring, synchrotron, electron 2256
 
  • Y.C. Lin, A.Y. Chen, C.-R. Chen, S.J. Huang, S.P. Kao, S.Y. Lin, J.C. Liu, P.J. Wen
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  To en­sure ra­di­a­tion safety for per­son­nel work­ing in the fa­cil­ity, the Ra­di­a­tion and Op­er­a­tion Safety Di­vi­sion has in­stalled a real-time ra­di­a­tion mon­i­tor­ing sys­tem in the work­ing area to mon­i­tor gamma rays and neu­trons, for which the an­nual dosage limit is de­signed to be less than 1 mSv/year. Con­sid­er­ing 2000 work­ing hours for users and staff mem­bers, we have de­rived a con­trol dose rate limit 2 µSv/4h for in­ter­lock pro­tec­tion. If the ac­cu­mu­lated ra­di­a­tion dose mon­i­tored with the sys­tem ex­ceeds 2µSv within a 4-h count­ing in­ter­val, the ra­di­a­tion mon­i­tor­ing sta­tion sends a sig­nal to the in­ter­lock sys­tem to stop in­jec­tion until the next count­ing pe­riod in­ter­val. This paper in­tro­duces the ra­di­a­tion mon­i­tor­ing sys­tem and its re­lated de­sign in­for­ma­tion in Tai­wan Pho­ton Source.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB324  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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TUPAB328 Machine Learning for Time Series Prediction of an Accelerator Beam to Recognize Equipment Malfunction cavity, SRF, linac, ion-source 2272
 
  • C.C. Peters
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • W. Blokland, D.L. Brown, F. Liu, C.D. Long, D. Lu, P. Ramuhalli, D.E. Womble, J. Zhang, A.P. Zhukov
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS) is an ac­cel­er­a­tor based pulsed neu­tron source based on a 1 GeV pulsed pro­ton Su­per­con­duct­ing Radio Fre­quency (SRF) lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor (linac). Since be­gin­ning high power beam op­er­a­tion in 2006 cor­re­la­tions have been found link­ing abrupt beam loss events to SRF cav­ity in­sta­bil­i­ties. With the planned up­grades to dou­ble the beam power we ex­pect in­creased rates of degra­da­tion and the im­por­tance of min­i­miz­ing these beam loss events will be­come ever more im­por­tant. To fur­ther limit degra­da­tion, we are de­vel­op­ing ma­chine learn­ing ap­proaches to mon­i­tor the beam and to de­tect, pre­dict and pre­vent beam loss events. Ini­tial re­search has shown that pre­cur­sors to beam loss events are de­tectable. The ini­tial steps are to use ML-based clas­si­fi­ca­tion to rec­og­nize anom­alies and to use Long Short-Term Mem­ory (LSTM) au­toen­coders to pre­dict beam loss. In this paper, we de­scribe re­cent progress in ap­ply­ing ma­chine learn­ing for rec­og­niz­ing anom­alies and pre­dict­ing beam loss and pre­sent ini­tial re­sults of our re­search using ac­quired data from dif­fer­ent di­ag­nos­tics and the Ma­chine Pro­tec­tion Sys­tem (MPS). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB328  
About • paper received ※ 23 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
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TUPAB388 Efficiency, Power Loss, and Power Factor Measurement of Quadrupole Magnet Power Supplies at the Spallation Neutron Source power-supply, linac, controls, quadrupole 2428
 
  • S. Harave
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • B. Morris
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  The lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor (LINAC) quadru­pole mag­nets are pow­ered by 42 sil­i­con-con­trolled rec­ti­fier (SCR) based power sup­plies at the Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS) fa­cil­ity of Oak Ridge Na­tional Lab­o­ra­tory. These 35V, 525A power sup­plies are bulky, in­ef­fi­cient and re­quire both air and water cool­ing. The re­li­a­bil­ity of the SNS fa­cil­ity is im­pacted due to water leaks in­ter­nal to power sup­plies and cur­rent read­back is­sues as­so­ci­ated with their unique con­trol sys­tem in­ter­face, re­sult­ing in mul­ti­ple down­time events. Hence, an al­ter­nate so­lu­tion is nec­es­sary for the con­tin­ued re­li­able op­er­a­tion of the SNS. To mit­i­gate the above-men­tioned prob­lems, this paper pro­poses the use of off-the-shelf Switch Mode Power Sup­plies (SMPS) rated for 20V, 500A with se­r­ial con­trol in­ter­face. These SMPS are air-cooled, more ef­fi­cient and more com­pact owing to their switch­ing speeds of ap­prox­i­mately 160 kHz. The per­for­mance en­hance­ments of the SMPS in com­par­i­son with the ex­ist­ing SCR power sup­ply are dis­cussed in de­tail in this paper. The fea­tures of the SMPS, along with ex­per­i­men­tal re­sults for both power sup­plies, like ef­fi­ciency, power losses and sta­bil­ity, are pre­sented. On­go­ing work is also dis­cussed.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB388  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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TUPAB398 Vacuum Issues with Argon Gas in the LANSCE Accelerator vacuum, linac, monitoring, operation 2450
 
  • T. Tajima, J.E. Bernal, D.A. Byers, J.P. Chamberlin, P. Pizzol, A. Poudel, K.A. Stephens
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  Funding: US DOE NNSA
In the Los Alamos Neu­tron Sci­ence Cen­ter (LAN­SCE) ac­cel­er­a­tor, there are about 220 500-L/s ion pumps run­ning all the time. The old­est pumps recorded in the cur­rent sys­tem were in­stalled in 1983. All the ion pumps are diode type ion pumps. In 2017, we started to suf­fer from ion pumps trips in an ac­cel­er­a­tor mod­ule 15 (M15) that in­cludes 3 500-L/s ion pumps and they caused beam down times of the ac­cel­er­a­tor dur­ing the pro­duc­tion run cy­cles. This paper re­ports the de­tails of these trips, how we found it was argon gas that was caus­ing the trips and how we tried to re­duce it. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB398 [0.817 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB398  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 June 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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TUPAB404 Monte Carlo Studies for Shielding Design for High Energy Linac for Medical Isotope Generation shielding, photon, radiation, target 2469
 
  • N. Upadhyay, S. Chacko
    University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  • A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, P.S. Jadhav, R. Krishnan
    SAMEER, Mumbai, India
  
  The widely used ra­dioac­tive tracer Tech­netium-99m (99mTc) is tra­di­tion­ally pro­duced from Ura­nium via 235U (n, f) 99Mo re­ac­tions which de­pends heav­ily on nu­clear re­ac­tors. De­sign stud­ies for an al­ter­na­tive, cleaner ap­proach for ra­dioiso­tope gen­er­a­tion using a high en­ergy elec­tron linac were ini­ti­ated at SAMEER to gen­er­ate 99Mo. The elec­tron beam from a 30 MeV linac with an av­er­age cur­rent of 350 µA will be bom­barded on a con­ver­tor tar­get to pro­duce X-rays which will be bom­barded on en­riched 100Mo tar­get to pro­duce 99Mo via (g, n) re­ac­tion. 99mTc will be eluted from 99Mo. The pho­tons and neu­trons pro­duced in the process should be shielded ap­pro­pri­ately to en­sure ra­di­a­tion safety. This paper brings out the use of Monte Carlo tech­niques for pho­ton and neu­tron shield­ing for our ap­pli­ca­tion. We used FLUKA to cal­cu­late the flu­ence, an­gu­lar dis­tri­b­u­tion and dose for pho­tons and neu­trons. Then, we in­tro­duced var­i­ous lay­ers of lead fol­lowed by HDPE, 5% bo­rated HDPE and 40% boron rub­ber to en­sure that the pro­posed shield­ing is suf­fi­cient to com­pletely shield the pho­ton as well as neu­tron ra­di­a­tion and hence is safe for op­er­a­tion.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB404  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
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TUPAB406 Search for New Isotope Production Pathways target, isotope-production, background, diagnostics 2475
 
  • L.F. Dabill
    Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
  • A. Hutton
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  The iso­tope group at Jef­fer­son Lab is car­ry­ing out R&D for pro­duc­ing med­ically in­ter­est­ing ra­dioiso­topes, es­pe­cially those with ther­a­nos­tic (ther­a­peu­tic and di­ag­nos­tic) at­trib­utes. Here the search for vi­able pro­duc­tion mech­a­nisms has been ex­panded to multi-step re­ac­tions where a daugh­ter is pro­duced from the tar­get and de­cays into a med­ically in­ter­est­ing grand­daugh­ter ra­dioiso­tope. It is dif­fi­cult to find ef­fi­cient pro­duc­tion routes when in­ves­ti­gat­ing both the ini­tial ex­ci­ta­tion re­ac­tion as well as the decay routes lead­ing to med­ically in­ter­est­ing iso­topes. The over­all goal of this pro­ject is to cre­ate a struc­tured code in Python to find these decay routes by au­to­mat­i­cally ex­plor­ing the large num­ber of iso­topes and their pos­si­ble decay modes. The pro­gram struc­ture is de­scribed, and pre­lim­i­nary re­sults are pre­sented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB406  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
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TUPAB413 Rapid Browser-Based Visualization of Large Neutron Scattering Datasets scattering, experiment, network, detector 2494
 
  • D.L. Bruhwiler, K. Bruhwiler, P. Moeller, R. Nagler
    RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • C.M. Hoffmann, Z.J. Morgan, A.T. Savici, M.G. Tucker
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • A. Kuhn, J. Mensmann, P. Messmer, M. Nienhaus, S. Roemer, D. Tatulea
    NVIDIA, Santa Clara, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0021551.
Neu­tron scat­ter­ing makes in­valu­able con­tri­bu­tions to the phys­i­cal, chem­i­cal, and nanos­truc­tured ma­te­ri­als sci­ences. Sin­gle crys­tal dif­frac­tion ex­per­i­ments col­lect vol­u­met­ric scat­ter­ing data sets rep­re­sent­ing the in­ter­nal struc­ture re­la­tions by com­bin­ing datasets of many in­di­vid­ual set­tings at dif­fer­ent ori­en­ta­tions, times and sam­ple en­vi­ron­ment con­di­tions. In par­tic­u­lar, we con­sider data from the sin­gle-crys­tal dif­frac­tion ex­per­i­ments at ORNL.* A new tech­ni­cal ap­proach for rapid, in­ter­ac­tive vi­su­al­iza­tion of re­mote neu­tron data is being ex­plored. The NVIDIA IndeX 3D vol­u­met­ric vi­su­al­iza­tion frame­work** is being used via the HTML5 client viewer from NVIDIA, the Par­aView plu­gin***, and new Jupyter note­books, which will be re­leased to the com­mu­nity with an open source li­cense.
* L. Coates et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 092802 (2018).
** https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-index
*** https://blog.kitware.com/nvidia-index-plugin-in-paraview-5-5 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB413  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 July 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
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WEPAB166 Concept of an Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source for the Production of Atmospheric Radiations target, shielding, proton, radiation 2998
 
  • P. Lee, N.-W. Kang
    Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
  • M. Moon
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1C1C1007100).
At the Korea Multi-pur­pose Ac­cel­er­a­tor Com­plex (KOMAC) of Korea Atomic En­ergy Re­search In­sti­tute (KAERI), we are study­ing an ac­cel­er­a­tor-dri­ven neu­tron source for the pro­duc­tion of white neu­tron beams that re­sem­ble the at­mos­pheric ra­di­a­tions on the earth. In the con­cept of the neu­tron source, high-en­ergy neu­trons are gen­er­ated by using a 200-MeV pro­ton beam on a heavy-metal tar­get in a tar­get sta­tion, which is con­sisted of a tar­get, mod­er­a­tor, re­flec­tor, and bi­o­log­i­cal shields, and a part of the high-en­ergy neu­trons are guided in a for­ward di­rec­tion to make neu­tron beams with the at­mos­pheric-like en­ergy spec­trum. The con­cep­tual de­sign has 6 more ther­mal-neu­tron beam­lines at the sep­a­ra­tion of 30 de­grees for the fun­da­men­tal re­search on neu­tron sci­ence. Here, we pre­sent the con­cepts of the tar­get sta­tion and basic pa­ra­me­ters re­gard­ing the neu­tron source. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB166  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 28 August 2021  
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WEPAB199 Study on the Important Technologies of 300MeV Upgrade for the CSNS Injection System injection, electron, power-supply, vacuum 3089
 
  • M.Y. Huang, C.D. Deng, L. Kang, L. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Qi, S. Wang, Q.B. Wu, Y.W. Wu, S.Y. Xu, W.Q. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, T. Huang, H.C. Liu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. U1832210 and 12075134).
The China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS-I) have achieved the de­sign goal of 100kW beam power on the tar­get in Feb., 2020. As the sec­ond phase of the CSNS, CSNS-II will achieve a beam power on the tar­get of 500 kW. The in­jec­tion en­ergy of CSNS-II will be in­creased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the av­er­age beam cur­rent of the Linac will in­crease 5 times. There­fore, the in­jec­tion sys­tem will re­quire a com­plete up­grade. In this paper, the de­sign scheme of the in­jec­tion sys­tem for CSNS-II will be in­tro­duced. The key tech­nolo­gies of the up­grade in­jec­tion sys­tem will be care­fully an­a­lyzed and pre-de­vel­oped, such as the pulse power sup­plies and their mag­nets, the spe­cial-shaped ce­ramic vac­uum cham­bers, the main strip­ping foil, the stripped elec­tron col­lec­tion, and so on. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB199  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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WEPAB200 Study on the Measurement and Residual Dose of the CSNS Stripping Foil injection, scattering, MMI, simulation 3093
 
  • M.Y. Huang, L. Kang, S. Wang, Q.B. Wu, S.Y. Xu, Y.L. Zhang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, W.L. Huang, H.C. Liu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 12075134 and U1832210).
In this paper, firstly, the ap­pli­ca­tion and ser­vice life of the main strip­ping foil for the China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (CSNS) were in­tro­duced. The strip­ping ef­fi­ciency of the main strip­ping foil have been mea­sured and stud­ied. Then, by using the codes FLUKA and ORBIT, the par­ti­cle scat­ter­ing of the main strip­ping foil has been sim­u­lated and the the­o­ret­i­cal resid­ual doses in the in­jec­tion re­gion caused by the foil scat­ter­ing were ob­tained. By weekly mea­sure­ment of the resid­ual doses in the in­jec­tion re­gion, the ac­tual resid­ual doses near the main strip­ping foil were given. The resid­ual doses com­par­i­son re­sults have con­firmed that the par­ti­cle scat­ter­ing of the main strip­ping foil is the most im­por­tant source of the resid­ual doses in the in­jec­tion re­gion. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB200  
About • paper received ※ 09 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEPAB259 Impact of the Magnet Alignment and Field Errors on the Output Uniform Beam at the DONES HEBT Line target, multipole, octupole, linac 3251
 
  • C. Oliver, A. Ibarra, J. Mollá, I. Podadera, R. Varela
    CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
  • H. Dzitko
    F4E, Germany
  • O. Nomen, D. Sánchez-Herranz
    IREC, Sant Adria del Besos, Spain
  
  Funding: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053
IFMIF-DONES will be a fa­cil­ity de­voted to study the degra­da­tion of ad­vanced ma­te­ri­als for op­er­a­tion of fu­sion re­ac­tors. Mo­ti­vated by the need of op­ti­miz­ing the neu­tron ir­ra­di­a­tion to the ma­te­ri­als sam­ples, the HEBT line of the deuteron DONES (DEMO Ori­ented Neu­tron Source) ac­cel­er­a­tor is based on non-lin­ear mag­netic fields. By using oc­tupoles and do­de­capoles mag­nets, it is pos­si­ble to shape the beam pro­file to achieve the de­manded rec­tan­gu­lar uni­form dis­tri­b­u­tion across the flat top of the beam pro­file, with high edge peaks in the hor­i­zon­tal di­rec­tion. Spe­cial op­tics con­di­tions are ob­tained with a proper set­ting of quadru­pole mag­nets to min­i­mize the x-y cou­pling. Ad­di­tion­ally, the high beam power (5 MW, for a 125 mA, 40 MeV deuteron beam) in con­junc­tion with the huge space charge makes chal­leng­ing the HEBT line de­sign to avoid non-con­trolled losses, ex­cept in the de­voted scrap­ers. A com­pre­hen­sive beam dy­nam­ics analy­sis has been made using TraceWin code. It in­cludes ex­ten­sive error stud­ies to de­fine tol­er­ances and ver­ify the ro­bust­ness of the de­sign with re­spect to mag­net mis­align­ment, power sup­ply in­sta­bil­i­ties and in­jec­tion pa­ra­me­ters. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB259  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021       issue date ※ 17 August 2021  
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WEPAB292 Application of Machine Learning to Predict the Response of the Liquid Mercury Target at the Spallation Neutron Source target, simulation, proton, experiment 3340
 
  • L. Lin, S. Gorti, J.C. Mach, H. Tran, D.E. Winder
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy SC-22/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Avenue., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903 - 3081 F: (301) 903 - 6594
The Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge Na­tional Lab­o­ra­tory is cur­rently the most pow­er­ful ac­cel­er­a­tor-dri­ven neu­tron source in the world. The in­tense pro­ton pulses strike on SNS’s mer­cury tar­get to pro­vide bright neu­tron beams, which also leads to se­vere fluid-struc­ture in­ter­ac­tions in­side the tar­get. Pre­dic­tion of re­sul­tant load­ing on the tar­get is dif­fi­cult par­tic­u­larly when he­lium gas is in­ten­tion­ally in­jected into mer­cury to re­duce the load­ing and mit­i­gate the pit­ting dam­age on the tar­get’s in­ter­nal walls. Lever­ag­ing the power of ma­chine learn­ing and the mea­sured tar­get strain, we have de­vel­oped ma­chine learn­ing sur­ro­gates for mod­el­ing the dis­crep­ancy be­tween sim­u­la­tions and ex­per­i­men­tal strain data. We then em­ploy these sur­ro­gates to guide the re­fine­ment of the high-fi­delity mer­cury/he­lium mix­ture model to pre­dict a bet­ter match of tar­get strain re­sponse. 		 
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB292  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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WEPAB299 Spallation Neutron Source Proton Power Upgrade Low-Level RF Control System Development controls, LLRF, operation, cavity 3363
 
  • M.T. Crofford, J.A. Ball, J.E. Breeding, M.P. Martinez, J.S. Moss, M. Musrock
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • L.R. Doolittle, C. Serrano, V.K. Vytla
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • J. Graham, C.K. Roberts, J.W. Sinclair, Z. Sorrell, S. Whaley
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: * This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The Pro­ton Power Up­grade (PPU) Pro­ject is ap­proved for the Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source at Oak Ridge Na­tional Lab­o­ra­tory and will dou­ble the pro­ton beam power ca­pa­bil­ity from 1.4 MW to 2.8 MW with 2 MW beam power avail­able to the first tar­get sta­tion. A sec­ond tar­get sta­tion is planned and will uti­lize the re­main­ing beam power in the fu­ture. The pro­ton power in­crease will be sup­ported with the ad­di­tion of twenty-eight new su­per­con­duct­ing cav­i­ties pow­ered by 700 kW peak power kly­strons to in­crease beam en­ergy while in­creases to the beam cur­rent will be done with a com­bi­na­tion of ex­ist­ing RF mar­gin, and DTL HPRF up­grades. The orig­i­nal low-level RF con­trol sys­tem has proven to be re­li­able over the past 15 years of op­er­a­tions, but ob­so­les­cence is­sues man­date a re­place­ment sys­tem be de­vel­oped for the PPU pro­ject. The re­place­ment sys­tem is re­al­ized in a µTCA.4 plat­form using a com­bi­na­tion of com­mer­cial off-the-shelf boards and cus­tom hard­ware to sup­port the re­quire­ments of PPU. This paper pre­sents the pro­to­type hard­ware, firmware, and soft­ware de­vel­op­ment ac­tiv­i­ties along with pre­lim­i­nary test­ing re­sults of the new sys­tem. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB299  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 11 August 2021  
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WEPAB364 Third-Generation CERN n_TOF Spallation Target: Final Design and Examinations of Irradiated Prototype target, radiation, proton, experiment 3555
 
  • R. Esposito, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, T. Coiffet, M.D. Crouvizier, R. Franqueira Ximenes, V. Maire, A.T. Perez Fontenla, M.A. Timmins
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The new neu­tron spal­la­tion tar­get for the CERN neu­tron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) fa­cil­ity is based on a ni­tro­gen-cooled Pb core im­pacted by short high-in­ten­sity pro­ton beam pulses. An ex­ten­sive ma­te­r­ial char­ac­ter­i­za­tion cam­paign has been car­ried out to de­fine the con­sti­tu­tive be­hav­ior of lead and as­sess its re­sponse under pulsed pro­ton beam ir­ra­di­a­tion. The ac­tiv­i­ties car­ried out in­clude a beam ir­ra­di­a­tion test in the CERN Hi­Rad­Mat fa­cil­ity. The tests and in­spec­tions per­formed show a ro­bust be­hav­ior of the core ma­te­r­ial dur­ing op­er­a­tion and promi­nent sta­tic hard­en­ing re­cov­ery al­ready at room tem­per­a­ture.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB364  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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WEPAB397 Design of the Two-Layer Girder for Accelerating Tube ECR, acceleration, operation, simulation 3636
 
  • X.J. Nie, H.Y. He, L. Kang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • J.X. Chen, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, G.Y. Wang, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang, D.H. Zhu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • J.B. Yu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  An ac­cel­er­at­ing tube is one kind of im­por­tant ac­cel­er­a­tion equip­ment of a lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor. It is often made up of oxy­gen-free cop­per with a long tubu­lar struc­ture. It’s easy to suf­fer from de­for­ma­tion. Based on sup­port re­quire­ments, the rea­son­able struc­ture of the girder was ob­tained. Four sup­port­ing blocks were in­stalled on the top sur­face of alu­minum pro­file with the uni­form dis­tri­b­u­tion along the beam di­rec­tion. The sup­port strength with sta­tic con­di­tion and dif­fer­ent work­ing con­di­tions were checked by ANSYS sim­u­la­tion cal­cu­la­tion to en­sure the sta­ble op­er­a­tion of the girder. The two-layer girder can be used as a ref­er­ence for other sim­i­lar slen­der part for its sim­ple struc­ture and re­li­able sup­port.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB397  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEPAB407 An Innovative Eco-System for Accelerator Science and Technology controls, ion-source, framework, software 3660
 
  • C. Darve, J.B. Andersen, S. Salman
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • B. Nicquevert, S. Petit
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • M. Stankovski
    LINXS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The emer­gence of new tech­nolo­gies and in­no­v­a­tive com­mu­ni­ca­tion tools per­mits us to tran­scend so­ci­etal chal­lenges. While par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors are es­sen­tial in­stru­ments to im­prove our qual­ity of life through sci­ence and tech­nol­ogy, an ad­e­quate ecosys­tem is es­sen­tial to ac­ti­vate and max­i­mize this po­ten­tial. Re­search In­fra­struc­ture (RI) and in­dus­tries sup­ported by en­light­ened or­ga­ni­za­tions and ed­u­ca­tion, can gen­er­ate a sus­tain­able en­vi­ron­ment to serve this pur­pose. In this paper, we will dis­cuss state-of-the-art in­fra­struc­tures tak­ing the lead to reach this im­pact, thus con­tribut­ing to eco­nomic and so­cial trans­for­ma­tion.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB407 [61.076 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB407  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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THXC03 Evolution of the High-Power Spallation Neutron Mercury Target at the SNS target, operation, injection, proton 3735
 
  • D.E. Winder
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: UT-Battelle, LLC, under Grant DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE).
The Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS) began op­er­a­tion in 2006 and first op­er­ated at its full 1.4 MW power in 2013. Tar­gets, which re­ceive the pulsed pro­ton beam, were a lim­it­ing fac­tor for re­li­able full power op­er­a­tion for sev­eral years. Reach­ing re­li­able tar­get op­er­a­tion at 1.4 MW re­quired not only changes to the tar­get de­sign but also sup­port and co­or­di­na­tion across the en­tire SNS en­ter­prise. The his­tory and some key lessons learned are pre­sented. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXC03  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
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THPAB224 The Correction of Time-Dependent Tune Shift by Harmonic Injection focusing, injection, quadrupole, simulation 4234
 
  • X.H. Lu
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • J. Chen, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  In the Rapid Cy­cling Syn­chro­tron(RCS) of China Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source(CSNS), trans­verse paint­ing in­jec­tion is em­ployed to sup­press the space-charge ef­fects. The beta-beat­ing caused by edge fo­cus­ing of the in­jec­tion bump mag­nets leads to tune shift. A new method based on the har­monic in­jec­tion is firstly in­tro­duced to cor­rect the time-de­pen­dent tune shift caused by the edge fo­cus­ing ef­fect of the chi­cane bump mag­nets in RCS. The sim­u­la­tion study was done on the ap­pli­ca­tion of the new method to the CSNS/RCS, and the re­sults show the va­lid­ity and ef­fec­tive­ness of the method.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB224  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 July 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
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THPAB289 Design and Manufacture of Solenoid Center Deviation Measurement Device solenoid, framework, induction, interface 4366
 
  • X. Wu, C.D. Deng, W. Kang, L. Li, S. Li, Y.Q. Liu, Y.W. Wu, J.X. Zhou
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  The so­le­noids are widely used both in con­ven­tional mag­nets and su­per­con­duct­ing mag­nets in par­ti­cle ac­cel­er­a­tors. The lon­gi­tu­di­nal fields along the lon­gi­tu­di­nal di­rec­tion of the so­le­noids are usu­ally mea­sured with the Hall probe mea­sure­ment sys­tem. How­ever, in some cases, the de­vi­a­tion be­tween the mag­netic cen­ter and me­chan­i­cal cen­ter of the so­le­noid is an­other im­por­tant pa­ra­me­ter and has to be mea­sured ac­cu­rately. In this paper, a de­vice is de­signed and de­vel­oped to mea­sure the cen­ter de­vi­a­tion of the so­le­noid, which can be both used in con­ven­tional mag­nets and su­per­con­duct­ing mag­nets. After the de­vice is fin­ished, some tests are made in the so­le­noid to check whether the data is cor­rect. For the nu­mer­i­cal sim­u­la­tion and analy­sis of the mag­netic field in­side the so­le­noid, the TOSCA code was cho­sen right from start. The re­sults of the analy­sis are com­pared to the re­sult of the tests.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB289  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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THPAB364 Mu*STAR: A System to Consume Spent Nuclear Fuel While Economically Generating Nuclear Power site, target, operation, proton 4499
 
  • R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A. Cummings, S.A. Kahn, J.D. Lobo, T.J. Roberts
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  
  Mu*STAR is a su­per­con­duct­ing-ac­cel­er­a­tor dri­ven, sub­crit­i­cal, molten-salt re­ac­tor de­signed to con­sume the spent nu­clear fuel (SNF) from today’s com­mer­cial fleet of light water re­ac­tors. In the process of doing so it will: 1. gen­er­ate elec­tric­ity in a cost-com­pet­i­tive man­ner, 2. sig­nif­i­cantly re­duce the waste-stream vol­ume per Gi­gawatt-hour gen­er­ated, 3. greatly re­duce the ra­dio-toxic life­time of the waste stream. As many states and coun­tries now pro­hibit li­cens­ing of new nu­clear plants until a na­tional strat­egy has been es­tab­lished for the long-term dis­posal of their nu­clear waste, Mu*STAR can be an im­por­tant en­abler for new nu­clear fa­cil­i­ties. This is es­pe­cially im­por­tant in the light of cli­mate change, as nu­clear en­ergy is the only car­bon-free tech­nol­ogy for a base-load gen­er­a­tion that is read­ily ex­pand­able.  
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DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB364  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
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FRXC04 Time-Resolved H− Beam Emittance Measurement at the SNS Linac Using a Laser Comb laser, emittance, diagnostics, beam-diagnostic 4545
 
  • Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, C.D. Long
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE).
We pro­posed and demon­strated a novel tech­nique to mea­sure time-re­solved trans­verse emit­tances of the hy­dro­gen ion (H−) beam in a 1-GeV high-power ac­cel­er­a­tor. The mea­sure­ment is per­formed in a non-in­tru­sive man­ner by using laser comb - laser pulses with con­trol­lable multi-layer tem­po­ral struc­ture gen­er­ated from a fiber-based mas­ter laser os­cil­la­tor and diode-pumped solid-state laser am­pli­fiers. The tech­nique has been ap­plied to the trans­verse emit­tance mea­sure­ment of 1-GeV H− beam at the Spal­la­tion Neu­tron Source (SNS) high en­ergy beam trans­port (HEBT). More than 20 time-re­solved emit­tances have been si­mul­ta­ne­ously mea­sured within a macro-pulse, a sin­gle mini-pulse, or a sin­gle bunch of the 1.4-MW neu­tron pro­duc­tion H− beam from one mea­sure­ment. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXC04  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
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