IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (synchrotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXC01	Combined Effect of Beam-Beam Interaction and Beam Coupling Impedance in Future Circular Colliders	impedance, collider, luminosity, simulation	25
	Y. Zhang, N. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China E. Carideo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Migliorati SBAI, Roma, Italy M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
	Funding: This work is supported by National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development, China (Grant No. 2016YFA0400400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11775238, No. 11775239). The future large scale electron-positron colliders, such as FCC-ee in Europe and CEPC in China, will rely on the crab waist collision scheme with a large Piwinski angle. Differently from the past generation colliders both luminosity and beam-beam tune shifts depend on the bunch length in such a collision scheme. In addition, for the future circular colliders with extreme beam parameters in collision several new effects become important such as beamstrahlung, coherent X-Z instability and 3D flip-flop. For all these effects the longitudinal beam dynamics plays an essential role and should be taken into account for the collider luminosity optimization. In this paper we discuss an impact of the longitudinal beam coupling impedance on the collider performance.
	Slides MOXC01 [2.269 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXC01
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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MOPAB037	On Possibility of Alpha-buckets Detecting at the KIT Storage Ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator)	storage-ring, operation, optics, electron	167
	A.I. Papash, T. Boltz, M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, R. Ruprecht, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, N.J. Smale KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Computer studies of longitudinal motion have been performed with the objective to estimate the possibility of detection of alpha-buckets at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator). The longitudinal equations of motion and the Hamiltonian were expanded to high order terms of the energy deviation of particles in a beam. Roots of third order equation for three leading terms of momentum compaction factor and free energy independent term were derived in a form suitable for analytical estimations. Averaged quadratic terms of closed orbit distortions caused by misalignment of magnetic elements in a ring lead to orbit lengthening independent of particle energy deviation. Particle transverse excursions were estimated and are taken into account. Simulations have been bench-marked on existing experiments at Metrology Light Source (MLS) in Berlin (Germany) and SOLEIL (France). Parameters of three simultaneous beams and alpha buckets at MLS and SOLEIL have been reproduced with high accuracy. A computer model of KARA was used to predict behavior and the dynamics of possible simultaneous beams in the ring.
	Poster MOPAB037 [1.269 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB037
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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MOPAB048	Robust Design and Control of the Nonlinear Dynamics for BESSY-III	lattice, controls, optics, sextupole	209
	J. Bengtsson, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske HZB, Berlin, Germany
	The design philosophy for a robust prototype lattice design for BESSY III, i.e., that is insensitive to small parameter changes, e.g. engineering tolerances - based on a higher-order-achromat, a la: SLS, NSLS-II, MAX IV, and SLS 2 - is outlined & presented. As usual, a well optimized design requires a clear understanding of the end-user requirements and close collaboration between the linear optics designer and nonlinear dynamics specialist for a systems approach.
	Poster MOPAB048 [1.202 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB048
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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MOPAB056	Optimization of a TBA with Stable Optics and Minimal Longitudinal Dispersion and CSR-Induced Emittance Growth	emittance, bunching, quadrupole, FEL	241
	C. Zhang, Y. Jiao IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China C.-Y. Tsai HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11922512), Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y201904), National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFA0401900) In the beam transfer line which often consists of dipoles to deflect the beam trajectory, longitudinal dispersion effect and emission of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) will lead to beam phase space distortion, thus degrading the machine performance. In this study, optimizations of a triple-bend achromat (TBA) cell are conducted using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method to suppress the CSR-induced emittance growth and minimize the longitudinal dispersion functions up to high orders, simultaneously. For the longitudinal dispersion function, results of three optimization settings are reported, which makes the TBA design first-order, second-order, and higher-order isochronous. Furthermore, we study the shortest possible beamline length of the higher-order isochronous TBA design, which may pave the way to designing a more compact beam transfer line.
	Poster MOPAB056 [0.366 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB056
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB065	Optimization of the Lattice Replacement Options for the Next Generation Australian Synchrotron	lattice, emittance, storage-ring, sextupole	269
	R. Auchettl, R.T. Dowd, Y.E. Tan AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
	The design of a next generation Australian Synchrotron replacement lattice is a multi-objective and multi-constrained problem. Our group was tasked to produce a low emittance design while re-using the existing tunnel infrastructure and injector system. Our objectives coupled with the set infrastructure constraints are not straightforward to achieve with manual design. Several variables act at cross-purposes to one-another, leading to a conflicting trade-off between objectives. Recently we have investigated replacement options for the Australian Synchrotron containing longitudinal gradient and reverse bends in the form of a 4BA (4-bend achromat) lattice. In this work, optimise the lattice design for a potential fourth generation Australian Synchrotron facility. We outline the baseline 4BA solution to the lowest emittance lattice that can reuse the existing tunnels and injector system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB065
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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MOPAB068	Collective Effects Studies for the SOLEIL Upgrade	impedance, storage-ring, cavity, feedback	274
	A. Gamelin, D. Amorim, P. Brunelle, W. Foosang, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, R. Ollier, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The SOLEIL upgrade project aims to replace the actual SOLEIL storage ring by a 4th generation light source. The project has just finished its conceptual design report (CDR) phase. Compared to the SOLEIL storage ring, the upgraded storage ring design includes many new features of 4th generation light sources that will impact collective effects, such as reduced beam pipe apertures, a smaller momentum compaction factor and the presence of harmonic cavities (HC). To mitigate them, we rely on several damping mechanisms provided by the synchrotron radiation, the transverse feedback system, and the HC (Landau damping and bunch lengthening). This article presents a first estimate of the collective effects impact of the upgraded design. Conceptual Design Report: Synchrotron SOLEIL Upgrade, 2021, in press.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB068
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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MOPAB069	Equilibrium Bunch Density Distribution with Multiple Active and Passive RF Cavities	cavity, beam-loading, impedance, storage-ring	278
	A. Gamelin SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France N. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	This paper describes a method to get the equilibrium bunch density distribution with an arbitrary number of active or passive RF cavities in uniform filling. This method is an extension of the one presented by M. Venturini which assumes a passive harmonic cavity and no beam loading in the main RF cavity. M. Venturini, "Passive higher-harmonic rf cavities with general settings and multibunch instabilities in electron storage rings," Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2018.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB069
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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MOPAB070	mbtrack2, a Collective Effect Library in Python	impedance, cavity, collective-effects, simulation	282
	A. Gamelin, W. Foosang, R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	This article introduces mbtrack2, a collective effect library written in python3. The idea behind mbtrack2 is to build a coherent object-oriented framework to work on collective effects in synchrotrons. mbtrack2 is composed of different modules allowing to easily write scripts for single bunch or multi-bunch tracking using MPI parallelization in a transparent way. The base of the tracking model of mbtrack2 is inspired by mbtrack, a C multi-bunch tracking code initially developed at SOLEIL. In addition, many tools to prepare or analyse tracking simulations are included. R. Nagaoka, R. Bartolini, and J. Rowland, Studies of Collective Effects in SOLEIL and Diamond Using the Multiparticle Tracking Codes SBTRACK and MBTRACK, in Proc. PAC’09, 2009.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB070
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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MOPAB086	Design of Front End and a 3-Pole-Wiggler as a Photon Source for BEATS Beamline at SESAME	photon, wiggler, vacuum, insertion	324
	J. Campmany, J. Marcos ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain M. Al Nadjawi, M. Attal, G. Lori SESAME, Allan, Jordan I. Cudin Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy S. Guiducci INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy P. Van Vaerenbergh ESRF, Grenoble, France
	BEATS is an international collaboration funded by EU in order to design and implement an XR tomography beam line in SESAME Jordanian synchrotron. ALBA contribution consists in the design of the photon source and the Front End elements. In this paper we present the conceptual designs of both the 3-pole wiggler uses as photon source as well as the Front End elements designed for the beamline.
	Poster MOPAB086 [2.306 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB086
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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MOPAB095	Concept Design for the CLS2 Accelerator Complex	electron, emittance, storage-ring, lattice	354
	M.J. Boland, P.J. Hunchak University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada C.K. Baribeau, D. Bertwistle, J.M. Patel, H. Shaker, X. Shen, M.J. Sigrist CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada F. Le Pimpec EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany E.J. Wallén LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The Canadian Light Source has been in operation since 2005 and is now looking at a design concept to upgrade to a fourth generation storage ring. A brief overview is given of a possible accelerator complex layout, including some details on the lattice design and injection system. A full energy linac is being explored as an option for top-up injection and to future proof the facility for a potential FEL upgrade in the future.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB095
About •	paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB102	CSR Impedance in HEPS Storage Ring	impedance, storage-ring, lattice, vacuum	379
	H.S. Xu, X.Y. Li, N. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is under construction in Beijing, China. The relatively complete impedance model has been built up based on the element-by-element impedance calculation. However, Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) impedance, which might affect the longitudinal performance of the beam, was not included in the impedance model of the HEPS storage ring in the preliminary design stage. For completeness, we would like to take the CSR impedance into consideration. The most important contributions to the total CSR impedance come from the bending magnets and insertion devices. We therefore calculate the CSR impedance from both above mentioned elements in HEPS storage ring. The influence of the CSR impedance on the microwave instability threshold is studied and presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB102
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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MOPAB110	An Electron Synchrotron Lattice Based on Theoretic Minimal Emittance Cell	emittance, lattice, extraction, sextupole	403
	H.C. Chao DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	A design of an electron synchrotron featuring the theoretic minimal emittance (TME) cells is presented. It has 32 superperiods and the circumference is around 300 m. It offers versatile functions with the equilibrium emittance less than 10 nm-rad at 6 GeV. The beam energy can go up to 7 GeV. Locations with proper phase advances are found to form effective vertical orbit bumps, which can be used for the injections and extraction. A tune scan study shows the sweet spot for the working point. Some discussions of other usages and studies of synchro-betatron coupling effects are also included in this article.
	Poster MOPAB110 [0.777 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB110
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB117	Single Bunch Collective Effects in the EBS Storage Ring	impedance, simulation, SRF, vacuum	425
	L.R. Carver, E. Buratin, N. Carmignani, F. Ewald, L. Hoummi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, B. Roche, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ESRF storage ring (SR) has been dismantled and replaced by the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) which has now been commissioned. Beam based measurements have been performed to characterise the impedance of the new machine and to make a first comparison with predictions. The results from instability threshold scans and tune shift measurements will be presented, as well as bunch length and position variation with current and microwave threshold measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB117
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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MOPAB120	Update on Injector for the New Synchrotron Light Source in Thailand	linac, storage-ring, injection, photon	435
	T. Chanwattana, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, K. Kittimanapun, S. Klinkhieo, P. Sudmuang SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand K. Manasatitpong Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
	Design of the new 3-GeV synchrotron light source in Thailand, Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II), has been updated. The SPS-II accelerator complex consists of a 150-MeV injector linac, a 3-GeV booster synchrotron and a 3-GeV storage ring. The RF system of both storage ring and booster is based on a frequency of 119 MHz. In this paper, design considerations and specifications of the SPS-II injector linac are presented. A study on the injector linac in multi-bunch mode (MBM) and single-bunch mode (SBM) was done to get appropriate parameters for top-up injection and different filling patterns in the storage ring.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB120
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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MOPAB121	Progress Towards Soft X-Ray Beam Position Monitor Development	detector, undulator, radiation, laser	438
	B. Podobedov, C. Eng, S. Hulbert, C. Mazzoli BNL, Upton, New York, USA D. Donetski, K. Kucharczyk, J. Liu, R. Lutchman Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. X-ray beam position monitors (BPMs) are instrumental for storage ring light sources, where they reliably provide positional measurements of high-power beams in hard X-ray beamlines. However, despite a growing need, coming especially from coherent soft X-ray beamlines, non-invasive soft X-ray BPMs have not been demonstrated yet. We are presently working on a funded R&D proposal to develop a non-invasive soft X-ray BPM with micron-scale resolution for high-power white beams. In our approach, multi-pixel GaAs detector arrays are placed into the beam halo and beam position is inferred from the pixel photocurrent levels. Presently, the first detector array prototypes have been manufactured and are being prepared for low-power beam tests. The mechanical design of a BPM test-stand, which will be installed in the 23-ID canted soft X-ray undulator beamline at NSLS-II, is well under way. In addition, we are developing new algorithms of beam position calculation which take full advantage of extended multi-pixel detector arrays. In this paper we will review our design choices and discuss recent progress.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB121
About •	paper received ※ 03 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021
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MOPAB122	Present Status of HiSOR	storage-ring, injection, undulator, radiation	442
	M. Katoh UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan K. Goto, M. Katoh, M. Shimada HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan H. Miyauchi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	HiSOR is a compact synchrotron light source of 700MeV. The circumference is 22m. The ring has two straight sections for undulators, which provide high brilliance VUV radiation. Two 180 bending magnets have 2.7 T field strength, which provide broadband radiation in VUV and soft X-ray range. The injector is a 150 MeV microtron. The beam injection is made twice a day with a 5 hour interval. Although the accelerators are being operated stably, the large emittance of 400nm makes it difficult to compete with high brilliance light sources of new generations. The compactness of the configuration makes it difficult to introduce new technologies. We have started seeking possible upgrades.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB122
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB175	Advanced Concepts and Technologies for Heavy Ion Synchrotrons	laser, heavy-ion, electron, space-charge	594
	P.J. Spiller, O. Boine-Frankenheim, L.H.J. Bozyk, S. Klammes, H. Kollmus, D. Ondreka, I. Pongrac, N. Pyka, C. Roux, K. Sugita, St. Wilfert, T. Winkler, D.F.A. Winters GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	New concepts and technologies are developed to advance the performance of heavy ion synchrotrons. Besides fast ramping of superconducting magnets, extreme UHV technologies to stabilize dynamic vacuum and charge related loss, broad band MA cavities, space charge compensation by means of electron lenses and new cooling technologies, e.g. laser cooling, show great promise to advance the forefront of beam parameters. Several of these technologies and concepts are developed and tested at GSI/FAIR. Progress and plans will be reported.
	Poster MOPAB175 [1.367 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB175
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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MOPAB181	Non-Delivery Time Reduction at MedAustron	extraction, proton, dipole, MMI	613
	L. Adler, S. Danzinger, F. Farinon, F. Feichtinger, G. Guidoboni, N. Kahn, C. Kurfürst, D.A. Prokopovich, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria L.C. Penescu Abstract Landscapes, Montpellier, France
	Funding: Funding by the NÖ WIRTSCHAFTS- UND TOURISMUSFONDS under grant number WST3-F-5033232/001-2020. MedAustron is a cancer treatment center in Austria providing proton and carbon ion beams to three clinical and one non-clinical research beam lines. The slow extraction of particles from the synchrotron follows a third order resonance extraction scheme. Currently, for every change of extraction energy a new spill needs to be generated. Besides the beam-on time of the particle delivery, every spill is also comprised of non-delivery time components e.g. the multiturn injection, acceleration or magnet conditioning. For small tumor target volumes, this non-delivery time is the major contribution to the overall treatment time. A dedicated performance improvement project (supported with a grant from the state of lower Austria) was executed with the goal to reduce these non-delivery times without affecting important clinical beam parameters such as the beam size or penetration depth. The implemented reduction of the non-delivery time >50% could be achieved, resulting in beam-on time reductions for reference treatment plans between 25% (largest proton PTV) and 58% (smallest carbon PTV). Results of commissioning efforts, technical details and the achieved optimizations will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB181
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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MOPAB182	Automated Synchrotron Lattice Design and Optimisation Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm	network, lattice, dipole, superconducting-magnet	616
	X. Zhang, S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia E. Benedetto TERA, Novara, Italy E. Benedetto CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: This work is partially supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. As part of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS), we present a new method for designing synchrotron lattices. A step-wise approach was used to generate random lattice structures from a set of feedforward neural networks. These lattice designs are optimised by evolving the networks over many iterations with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The final set of solutions represent the most effi- cient and feasible lattices which satisfy the design constraints. It is up to the lattice designer to choose a design that best suits the intended application. The automated algorithm presented here randomly samples from all possible lattice layouts and reaches the global optimum over many iterations. The requirements of an efficient extraction scheme in hadron therapy synchrotrons impose stringent constraints on the lat- tice optical functions. Using this algorithm allows us to find the global optimum that is tailored to these constraints and to fully utilise the flexibilities provided by new technology.
	Poster MOPAB182 [6.006 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB182
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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MOPAB189	Beam Commissioning of XiPAF Synchrotron	extraction, injection, MMI, experiment	639
	H.J. Yao, X. Guan, Y. Li, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Yang, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W.L. Liu, D. Wang, Z.M. Wang NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
	XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60-230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. The Installation of the synchrotron, beamline and one experimental station were completed at the end of December 2019, and commissioning has just begun. Circulating beam around the synchrotron was observed on the first day of operation, and now 10-200 MeV proton beam directly extracted from the synchrotron had been transported to the experimental station for user experiments. The results of the commissioning and data analysis are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB189
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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MOPAB213	Characterization of Linear Optics and Beam Parameters for the APS Booster with Turn-by-Turn BPM Data	booster, betatron, optics, kicker	703
	X. Huang, H. Shang, C. Yao ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	We take turn-by-turn (TBT) BPM data on the energy ramp of the APS Booster, and analyze the data with the independent component analysis. The extraction kicker was used to excite the betatron motion. The linear optics of the machine is characterized with the TBT BPM data. We also analyze the decoherence pattern of the kicked beam, from which we are able to derive beam distribution parameters, such as the momentum spread.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB213
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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MOPAB248	Injection Schemes for the SOLEIL Upgrade	injection, storage-ring, lattice, betatron	796
	M.-A. Tordeux, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, P. Brunelle, L. Hoummi, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Injection into the SOLEIL upgrade storage ring is much more challenging compared to the case of the current ring. Thanks to the experience gained in the development, manufacture and commissioning of a Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) on the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, the SOLEIL pulsed magnet team is currently developing new MIK magnets that will serve as the basis for the injection schemes in the upgrade storage ring. We then propose two kinds of injections: firstly, a betatron off-axis injection that should be compatible with the full-coupling storage ring tuning, and secondly, a synchrotron on-axis injection by creating a large horizontal dispersion bump at the injection point.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB248
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021
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MOPAB274	Two-Stream Effects in Coherent Beam-Beam Oscillations in VEPP-2000 Collider Near the Linear Coupling Resonance	betatron, coupling, collider, resonance	866
	S.A. Kladov, E. Perevedentsev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S.A. Kladov, E. Perevedentsev NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Synchro-betatron motion of colliding bunches may cause limitations of the high-luminosity performance. For a round beam collider operated near the linear coupling resonance, we present theoretical predictions of the beam-beam coherent synchro-betatron oscillation behavior under the influence of x-y coupling.
	Poster MOPAB274 [0.968 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB274
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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MOPAB294	Implementing Electro-Optical Diagnostics for Measuring the CSR Far-Field at KARA	laser, radiation, detector, storage-ring	931
	C. Widmann, E. Bründermann, M. Caselle, S. Funkner, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, G. Niehues, M.M. Patil, C. Sax, J.L. Steinmann, M. Weber KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany C. Mai DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
	Funding: This work was supported by BMBF ErUM-Pro project 05K19 STARTRAC, C.W. was funded under contract No. 05K19VDK, C.M. under contract No. 05K19PEC, S.F. under contract No. 05K16VKA. For measuring the temporal profile of the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) an experimental setup based on electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) is currently being implemented. The EOSD technique allows single-shot, phase-sensitive measurements of the far-field radiation on a turn-by-turn basis at rates in the MHz range. Therefore, the resulting THz radiation from the dynamics of the bunch evolution, e.g. the microbunching, can be observed with high temporal resolution. This far-field setup is part of the distributed sensor network at KARA. Additionally to the information acquired from the near-field EOSD spectral decoding and the horizontal bunch profile monitor, it enables to monitor the longitudinal phase-space of the bunch. In this contribution, the characterization of the far-field setup is summarized and its implementation is discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB294
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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MOPAB310	Vertical Phase Space Measurement Progress at Canadian Light Source	electron, emittance, lattice, experiment	963
	Y. Yousefi Sigari, D. Bertwistle, M.J. Boland CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada M.J. Boland University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
	A key feature of third-generation light sources is their small vertical opening angle, which is difficult to measure experimentally. To reconstruct the vertical phase space, one can scan the beam’s position using X-ray synchrotron radiation (XSR) and a pinhole camera. The XSR diagnostic beamline, operational in the wavelength region of 0.05 - 0.15 nm, in Canadian Light Source (CLS) is qualified to measure the beam position with X-ray radiation. Using the corrector magnets in CLS lattice made of 12 identical double-bend achromats (DBA) cells, vertical iterations can be executed parallel to the beam’s original orbit. The outcomes of this experiment are: 1) the vertical beam positions that are monitored by BPMs, and 2) the X-ray image of the beam that is projected through the pinhole. The bumps were simulated using Matlab Middle Layer (MML) for Accelerator control systems to get an insight of the source point’s position in the XSR’s bending magnet. The simulation shows the position of the source point depends on which corrector sets are chosen.
	Poster MOPAB310 [0.328 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB310
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB327	Beam Loss Diagnostics System for SKIF Synchrotron Light Source	simulation, electron, storage-ring, diagnostics	1012
	X.C. Ma BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia S.V. Ivanenko, E.A. Puryga Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia A.D. Khilchenko, Yu.I. Maltseva, O.I. Meshkov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Yu.I. Maltseva, O.I. Meshkov NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The Siberian ring photon source (SKIF) is a new generation synchrotron light source designed and built by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The beam loss diagnostics system is a tool for monitoring beam loss information. It is widely used in modern large accelerators to provide a basis for diagnosing and locating machine faults, optimizing and debugging working beam parameters, and improving beam lifetime. Two types of beam loss monitor (BLM) will be applied on SKIF: fiber-based Cherenkov beam loss monitor (CBLM) and scintillator-based BLM (SBLM). Multi-mode silica fibers CBLM will be installed on linear accelerator and transfer lines. 128 SBLMs will be placed around the storage ring, dynamic ranges and sophisticated electronic equipment are employed to cover different SKIF operating modes. This article represents the details of design of beam loss diagnostics of SKIF, introduces the simulation and experimental studies of CBLM and SBLM.
	Poster MOPAB327 [4.893 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB327
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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MOPAB366	Improving Magnetic Materials for RCS Cavity Tuners	cavity, solenoid, simulation, booster	1139
	R.L. Madrak, N.M. Curfman, G.V. Romanov, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA G. Das, A.K. Samanta Ceramic Magnetics, Inc., National Magnetics Group, Inc., Bethlehem, USA
	Funding: United States Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 Within the Lab Directed R&D Program at Fermilab, and in partnership with National Magnetics, we have recently begun to study and attempt to improve the loss parameter in garnet material. This could be used for fast tuner applications such as in rapid cycling synchrotrons.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB366
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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MOPAB382	Synchrotron Light Shielding for the 166 MHz Superconducting RF Section at High Energy Photon Source	cavity, shielding, storage-ring, radiation	1169
	X.Y. Zhang, Z.Q. Li, Q. Ma, P. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This work was supported by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China. The High Energy Photo Source (HEPS) project has been under construction since 2019, and will be first diffraction-limited synchrotron light source in China. A 6 GeV electron beam with 200 mA current will be stored in the main ring. If synchrotron light produced from this energetic electron beam hits the superconducting cavity’s surface, it would cause thermal breakdown of the superconductivity. In the current lattice design, these lights cannot be fully blocked by the collimator in the upstream lattice cell, therefore a shielding scheme inside the rf section is required. This however brings great challenges to the already limited space. The design of the collimator has been focused on fulfilling shielding requirements while optimizing beam impedance, synchrotron light power density, thermal and mechanical stabilities. Shielding materials are subsequently chosen with dedicated cooling to ensure long-term stable operations. In this paper, a shielding scheme inside the rf section of the HEPS storage ring is presented. The synchrotron light mainly from the upstream bending magnet is successfully block. The sensitivity to beam position movement and installation error is also analyzed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB382
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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MOPAB413	The Next Ion Medical Machine Study at CERN: Towards a Next Generation Cancer Research and Therapy Facility with Ion Beams	linac, proton, superconducting-magnet, operation	1240
	M. Vretenar, V. Bencini, E. Benedetto, M.R. Khalvati, A.M. Lombardi, M. Sapinski, D. Tommasini CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski TERA, Novara, Italy P. Foka GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Cancer therapy with ions has several advantages over X-ray and proton therapy, but its diffusion remains limited primarily because of the size and cost of the accelerator. To develop technologies that might improve performance and reduce accelerator cost with respect to present facilities, CERN has recently launched the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS), leveraging CERN expertise in accelerator fields to disseminate technologies developed for basic science. A perspective user and key partner of NIMMS is the SEEIIST (South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies), established to build in the region an innovative facility for combined cancer therapy and biomedical research with ion beams. For SEEIIST and other potential users, three options are being considered. Conceptual designs of a warm-magnet synchrotron at high beam intensity, of a compact superconducting synchrotron, and of a high-frequency linear accelerator have been compared in terms of cost, risk and development time. The development of curved superconducting magnets, of compact synchrotrons and ion gantries, and of linacs is being pursued within EU-funded projects or specific collaborations
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB413
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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MOPAB414	A Novel Facility for Cancer Therapy and Biomedical Research with Heavy Ions for the South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies	extraction, injection, experiment, radiation	1244
	S. Damjanovic, P. Grübling, H. Schopper SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland U. Amaldi, E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski TERA, Novara, Italy E. Benedetto, G. Bisoffi, M. Dosanjh, M. Sapinski, M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland G. Bisoffi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy S. Damjanovic, M. Durante, P. Foka, C. Graeff GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Th. Haberer HIT, Heidelberg, Germany S. Rossi CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy H.J. Specht Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
	The South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST) proposes the construction of a major joint Research Infrastructure in the region, to rebuild cooperation after the recent wars and overcome lasting consequences like technology deficits and brain drain, having at its core a facility for cancer therapy and biomedical research with heavy ions. Beams of ions like Carbon are an advanced way to irradiate tumours but more research is needed, while the higher investment costs than for other radiation treatments have so far limited the European facilities to only four. This initiative aims at being strongly innovative, beyond the existing European designs. While the initial baseline relies on a conservative warm-magnet synchrotron, superconducting magnets for an advanced version of the synchrotron and for the gantry are being developed, with a potential for reductions in size, cost, and power consumption. Both warm and superconducting designs feature high beam intensity for faster treatment, and flexible extraction for novel treatment methods. A novel injector linac has the potential for producing radioisotopes in parallel with synchrotron injection.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB414
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB011	Momentum Compaction Factor Measurements in the Large Hadron Collider	optics, quadrupole, collider, hadron	1360
	J. Keintzel, L. Malina, R. Tomás García CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and its planned luminosity upgrade, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) demand well-controlled on- and off-momentum optics. Optics measurements are performed by analysing Turn-by-Turn (TbT) data of excited beams. Different techniques to measure the momentum compaction factor from these data are explored, taking into account the possibility to combine them with RF-voltage scans in future experiments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB011
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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TUPAB024	Lattice Options Comparison for a DLSR Injector	lattice, emittance, injection, booster	1390
	H.C. Chao, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	DESY IV, as a part of the injector chain, must have lower emittance for PETRA IV injection. Depending on the scenarios of the injector, two lattice options for DESY IV are presented. They are designed for different purposes. The first option comes with a high momentum compaction factor with acceptable emittance. It is designed to be a full intensity booster. The other option is with low emittance dedicated to be an accumulator at high energies. The general beam dynamics properties are simulated and discussed. Their strengths and weaknesses are compared.
	Poster TUPAB024 [0.751 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB024
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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TUPAB065	Solaris Storage Ring Performance After 6 Years of Operation	storage-ring, operation, MMI, vacuum	1515
	A.I. Wawrzyniak, A. Curcio, K. Gula, M.A. Knafel, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, R. Panaś, M. Waniczek, M. Wiśniowski NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
	Solaris is a third generation light source operating since 2015 in Kraków, Poland. Between 2015 and 2018 the synchrotron as well as two beamlines were commissioned. During commissioning phases, the good performance of Solaris storage ring has been reached. The beam optics was brought close to the design one. Since October 2018 Solaris storage ring is in the user operation mode. Moreover, two other beamlines with the elliptically polarized undulators used as source were installed and are under commissioning now. In 2020 the total beam availability of 93% was reached with the average circulating current of 400 mA and the total lifetime of 15 h. Over last two years few improvements of the storage ring were done to optimize the storage ring performance. The Landau cavities were tuned to improve the Touschek lifetime and suppress the instabilities. Two diagnostics beamlines were installed and commissioned allowing for the beam sizes in three planes and emittance measurements. The storage ring optics was fine-tuned to increase the dynamic aperture.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB065
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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TUPAB214	Alpha Buckets in Longitudinal Phase Space: A Bifurcation Analysis	operation, storage-ring, lattice, closed-orbit	1917
	J. Frank, M. Arlandoo, P. Goslawski, T. Mertens, M. Ries HZB, Berlin, Germany
	At HZB’s BESSY II and MLS facilities we have the ability to tune the momentum compaction factor α up to second non-linear order. The non-linear dependence α(δ) brings qualitative changes to the longitudinal phase space and introduces new fix points α(δ)=0 which produce the so-called α-buckets. We present with this paper an analysis of this phenomena from the standpoint of bifurcation theory. With this approach we were able to characterize the nature of the fix points and their position in direct dependence on the tunable parameters. Furthermore, we are able to place stringent conditions onto the tunable parameters to either create or destroy α-buckets.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB214
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021
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TUPAB222	Application and Development of the Streak Camera Measurement System at HLS-II	experiment, operation, storage-ring, electron	1942
	Y.K. Zhao, S.S. Jin, P. Lu, B.G. Sun, J.G. Wang, F.F. Wu, T.Y. Zhou USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	The dual-axial scan streak camera plays an important role in the super-fast optical measurement and the beam diagnosis of the accelerators. Indeed, the development of the synchrotron light measurement system by virtue of the streak camera provides an effective tool and research platform for accelerator physics and super-fast optical phenomenon. In this paper, the configuration of the streak camera measurement system is roughly described. And the experimental researches are simultaneously performed, including the bunch lengthening, the potential-well distortion, the longitudinal bunch oscillations, and the beam evolution during the single bunch operation mode in the HLS-II storage ring. Moreover, the effects of the RF modulation on the beam lifetime and longitudinal bunch beam dynamics are carried out.
	Poster TUPAB222 [1.713 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB222
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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TUPAB226	Study of the Third-Order Parametric Resonance Induced by RF Modulation	simulation, storage-ring, electron, injection	1956
	P.F. Liang, H.S. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	There were both analytic and experimental studies on the effects of RF modulation on bunch lengthening in electron storage rings. Nevertheless, the increase of bunch energy spread will happen in the meantime. Therefore, the degradation of bunch quality may limit the potential applications of the RF modulation technique. As a consequence, we believe that the comprehensive studies of the parametric resonance induced by RF modulation are necessary for understanding the physics picture better and seeking new possibilities of applications of this technique. The studies on the beam dynamics closed to the 3v_s RF phase modulation would be presented here. Based on the basic longitudinal synchrotron equations of motion, we obtained analytically the longitudinal modulated Hamiltonian and various parameters in longitudinal phase space, such as the fixed points, island tune, island width. The validity of the analytic results was checked by simulations. Furthermore, the dependence of the bunch parameters, such as energy spread and bunch length, on the modulation settings is also discussed in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB226
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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TUPAB255	Longitudinal Beam Dynamics and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation at cSTART	radiation, electron, storage-ring, synchrotron-radiation	2050
	M. Schwarz, E. Bründermann, D. El Khechen, B. Härer, A. Malygin, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, A.I. Papash, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, P. Wesolowski KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	The compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology (cSTART) project aims to store electron bunches of LWFA-like beams in a very large momentum acceptance storage ring. The project will be realized at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Initially, the Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE), a source of ultra-short bunches, will serve as an injector for cSTART to benchmark and emulate laser-wakefield accelerator-like beams. In a second stage a laser-plasma accelerator will be used as an injector, which is being developed as part of the ATHENA project in collaboration with DESY and Helmholtz Institute Jena (HIJ). With an energy of 50 MeV and damping times of several seconds, the electron beam does not reach equilibrium emittance. Furthermore, the critical frequency of synchrotron radiation is 53 THz and in the same order as the bunch spectrum, which implies that the entire bunch radiates coherently. We perform longitudinal particle tracking simulations to investigate the evolution of the bunch length and spectrum as well as the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation. Finally, different options for the RF system are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB255
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
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TUPAB261	The Ferrite Loaded Cavity Impedance Simulation	cavity, impedance, simulation, MMI	2070
	L. Huang, X. Li, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China B. Wu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by NNSF of China: N0. U1832210 The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source is a high-intensity proton accelerator, it accumulates the 80 MeV proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 GeV in 20 ms. The transverse coupling bunch instability is observed in beam commissioning. The source has been investigating from the commissioning. The RF acceleration system consists of eight ferrite-loaded cavities. The impedance is simulated and there is a narrow-band impedance of the ferrite cavity at about 17 MHz
	Poster TUPAB261 [1.145 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB261
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB262	The Characteristic of the Beam Position Growth in CSNS/RCS	proton, neutron, MMI, impedance	2073
	L. Huang, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by NNSF of China: N0. U1832210 An instability of the beam position growth is observed in the beam commissioning of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source. To simplify the study, a series of measurements have been performed to characterize the instability in the DC mode with consistent energy of 80 MeV. The measurement campaign is introduced in the paper and it conforms to the characteristics of the coupled bunch instability.
	Poster TUPAB262 [3.748 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB262
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB282	Optical Beam Loss Monitor Based on Fibres for Beam Loss Monitoring and RF Breakdown Detection	diagnostics, experiment, operation, machine-protect	2136
	N. Kumar, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom N. Kumar, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from STFC under grant reference ST/V001302/1. Standard beam loss monitors are used to detect losses at specific locations which is not a practical solution for loss monitoring throughout the whole beam-line. Optical fibre beam loss monitors (oBLMs) are based on the detection of Cherenkov radiation from high energy charged particles having the advantage of covering more than 100 m of an accelerator with a single detector. This system was successfully installed at the Australian Synchrotron covering the entire facility for beam loss measurements. Successful measurements were also demonstrated on the Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA), UK with sub-metre beam loss resolution. oBLMs are non-invasive monitors for the detection of the beam loss and RF breakdown within particle accelerators, which has been developed by the QUASAR Group based at the Cockcroft Institute/University of Liverpool, UK in collaboration of D-Beam Ltd, UK. This paper discusses the overview of the system, the incorporation of the monitor into the accelerator diagnostic system, calibration experiment of oBLM and future plans for the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB282
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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TUPAB323	Modular Type Quick Splicing Method for TPS Beamline Radiation Shielding Hutch	radiation, shielding, scattering, neutron	2252
	C.Y. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, C.L. Chen, Y.C. Lin, J.C. Liu, D.G. Liu, H.Y. Yan NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The synchrotron light source is transported to the experimental station through a beamline with specified optics, such as mask, mirror, slit, monochromator. Generally, standard beamline should use solid materials (stainless steel, tungsten, lead, and PE) to block bremsstrahlung and synchrotron radiations, even the neutron. The radiation-shielded hutch surrounds the peripheral area of the beamline with iron and lead panels. It requires blocking the scattering radiation to protect the person against radiation hazards. A modularized radiation shielding hutch includes the frame, wall, and ceiling cover that can assemble on-site through splicing. This method could greatly shorten the installation. Besides, we designed the modular ceiling cover units with a quick mounting/opening function to easily enable the maintenance and installation of large optical components. The details of the concept design for the fixed-point radiation shielding hutch in the TPS beamline are also reported that includes the configurations of the radiation shielding wall panels, frames, and pipes/cables arrangements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB323
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB324	Real-Time Radiation Monitoring System with Interlock Protection Mechanism in Taiwan Photon Source	radiation, monitoring, neutron, electron	2256
	Y.C. Lin, A.Y. Chen, C.-R. Chen, S.J. Huang, S.P. Kao, S.Y. Lin, J.C. Liu, P.J. Wen NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	To ensure radiation safety for personnel working in the facility, the Radiation and Operation Safety Division has installed a real-time radiation monitoring system in the working area to monitor gamma rays and neutrons, for which the annual dosage limit is designed to be less than 1 mSv/year. Considering 2000 working hours for users and staff members, we have derived a control dose rate limit 2 µSv/4h for interlock protection. If the accumulated radiation dose monitored with the system exceeds 2µSv within a 4-h counting interval, the radiation monitoring station sends a signal to the interlock system to stop injection until the next counting period interval. This paper introduces the radiation monitoring system and its related design information in Taiwan Photon Source.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB324
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021
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TUPAB325	Data-Driven Risk Matrices for CERN’s Accelerators	operation, proton, linac, machine-protect	2260
	T. Cartier-Michaud, A. Apollonio, G.B. Blarasin, B. Todd, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project. A risk matrix is a common tool used in risk assessment, defining risk levels with respect to the severity and probability of the occurrence of an undesired event. Risk levels can then be used for different purposes, e.g. defining subsystem reliability or personnel safety requirements. Over the history of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), several risk matrices have been defined to guide system design. Initially, these were focused on machine protection systems, more recently these have also been used to prioritize consolidation activities. A new data-driven development of risk matrices for CERN’s accelerators is presented in this paper, based on data collected in the CERN Accelerator Fault Tracker (AFT). The data-driven approach improves the granularity of the assessment, and limits uncertainty in the risk estimation, as it is based on operational experience. In this paper the authors introduce the mathematical framework, based on operational failure data, and present the resulting risk matrix for LHC.
	Poster TUPAB325 [0.499 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB325
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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TUPAB326	Injection Optimization and Study of XiPAF Synchrotron	injection, simulation, proton, experiment	2264
	X.Y. Liu, X. Guan, Y. Li, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.J. Yao, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W.L. Liu, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
	The synchrotron of XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV proton application Facility) is a compact proton synchrotron, which using H^- stripping injection and phase space painting scheme. Now XiPAF is under commissioning with some achievements, the current intensity after injection reach 43mA, the corresponding particle number is 2.3·10¹¹, and the injection efficiency is 57%. The simulation results by PyOrbit show that the injection efficiency is 77%. In this paper, we report how the injection intensity and efficiency were optimized. We analyzed the difference between simulation and experiments, and quantitatively investigate the factors affecting injection efficiency through experiments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB326
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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TUPAB358	Novel 500 MHz Solid State Power Amplifier Module Development at Sirius	cavity, operation, impedance, storage-ring	2349
	M.H. Wallner, R.H. Farias, A.P.B. Lima, F. Santiago de Oliveira LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	A new solid state power amplifier (SSPA) module is being developed at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) to drive one of the superconducting RF cavities to be installed at Sirius, its new 3 GeV fourth generation synchrotron light source. Several prototypes have been built and tested in-house, and a planar balun was designed to achieve a push-pull configuration at deep class AB operation. Efforts to optimize heat exchange in various ways have been made. Results obtained thus far are presented and the next steps concerning development are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB358
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021
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TUPAB372	Status of the Quadrupole Doublet Module Series Manfacturing	quadrupole, alignment, cryogenics, site	2388
	T. Winkler, A. Bleile, L.H.J. Bozyk, V.I. Datskov, J. Ketter, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, N. Pyka, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Waldt, St. Wilfert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The 83 Quadrupole Doublet Modules (QDM) for the heavy-ion-synchrotron SIS100 of the FAIR project at GSI are highly integrated cryogenic modules containing multiple magnets. Each of eleven different QDM types consists of two units, where one unit consists of one quadrupole magnet as well as corrector magnets depending on the modules position in the accelerator Ion-Optical Lattice. Additionally, the QDMs contain cryogenic collimators, beam diagnostics, as well as cryogenic UHV beam pipes. The modules contain parts from multiple suppliers increasing the logistics behinds the QDMs design further. We present the process of the module integration, give details on the current integration status and present an outlook on the timeline for the QDM integration planning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB372
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB378	Superconducting Dipole Magnets for the SIS100 Synchrotron	dipole, multipole, operation, simulation	2401
	F. Kaether, P. Aguar Bartolome, A. Bleile, G. Golluccio, J. Ketter, P. Kosek, F. Kurian, V. Marusov, J.P. Meier, S.S. Mohite, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Szwangruber, P.B. Szwangruber, A. Warth, H.G. Weiss GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently under construction at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. For its main accelarator, the SIS100 synchrotron, 110 superconducting dipole magnets has been produced and extensively tested. The fast-ramped Nuclotron-type superferric dipoles were manufactured with high effort regarding a precise magnetic field which could be proven by magnetic field measurements with high accuracy. Stable operation conditions at 4.5 K were achieved including an excellent quench behaviour and precise geometrical and electrical properties. An overview on design, production, operation, tests and measurement results will be given.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB378
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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TUPAB380	Testing of the First of Series Quadrupole Doublet Module for the SIS100 Synchrotron	quadrupole, operation, superconducting-magnet, cryogenics	2409
	P. Aguar Bartolome, M. Al Ghanem, M. Becker, A. Bleile, R. Bluemel, L.H.J. Bozyk, V.I. Datskov, W. Freisleben, A. Kario, P. Kowina, K.K. Kozlowski, F. Kurian, S. Lindner, J.P. Meier, T. Miertsch, S.S. Mohite, V.P. Plyusnin, I. Pongrac, C. Roux, C. Schroeder, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Szwangruber, P.B. Szwangruber, F. Walter, H. Welker, St. Wilfert, T. Winkler, S. Zeller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	A new international facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR) is currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The high intensity primary beam required for different research experiments will be provided by the SIS100 heavy ion synchrotron. The synchrotron is composed of fast cycling superconducting magnets from which about 300 will be integrated in Quadrupole Doublet Modules (QDM). Each module consists of two units composed of a quadrupole and corrector magnets. The First of Series Quadrupole Doublet Module was delivered to the test facility at GSI in November 2019. The assembled doublet was subjected to a dedicated test program to verify the functionality of the module components at cryogenic temperature and operating conditions. The results obtained during the testing campaign will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB380
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021
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TUPAB383	Magnetic Field Performance of the First Serial Quadrupole Units for the SIS100 Synchrotron of FAIR	quadrupole, multipole, cryogenics, heavy-ion	2417
	V.V. Borisov, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, B.Yu. Kondratiev, M.M. Shandov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia E.S. Fischer, M.A. Kashunin, S.A. Kostromin, I. Nikolaichuk, T. Parfylo, A.V. Shemchuk, D.A. Zolotykh JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The FAIR project is a new international accelerator complex, currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 is the main accelerator of the whole complex. It will provide high-intensity primary beams with a magnetic rigidity of 100 Tm and a maximum repetition rate up to 4 Hz. The series production and testing of superconducting quadrupole units began in 2020 at JINR, Dubna. The first batch of units was delivered to Germany in September 2020. Each unit is subjected to a comprehensive testing program both at ambient temperature and under cryogenic conditions. We present the performance characteristics of the first quadrupole units (consisting of a lattice quadrupole magnet and correcting magnet mechanically and hydraulically coupled to a quadrupole). The main attention is paid to the field quality of the series of 6 quadrupoles measured by the same probe.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB383
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021
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TUPAB402	Review of Technologies for Ion Therapy Accelerators	extraction, proton, linac, heavy-ion	2465
	H.X.Q. Norman, R.B. Appleby, A.F. Steinberg UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom E. Benedetto TERA, Novara, Italy E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland H.L. Owen STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H.L. Owen Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M. Sapinski GSI, Darmstadt, Germany S.L. Sheehy The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
	Cancer therapy using protons and heavier ions such as carbon has demonstrated advantages over other radiotherapy treatments. To bring about the next generation of clinical facilities, the requirements are likely to reduce the footprint, obtain beam intensities above 1E10 particles per spill, and achieve faster extraction for more rapid, flexible treatment. This review follows the technical development of ion therapy, discussing how machine parameters have evolved, as well as trends emerging in technologies for novel treatments such as FLASH. To conclude, the future prospects of ion therapy accelerators are evaluated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB402
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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WEPAB002	The Interaction Region of the Electron-Ion Collider EIC	electron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, detector	2574
	H. Witte, J. Adam, M. Anerella, E.C. Aschenauer, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, W. Christie, J.P. Cozzolino, K.A. Drees, D.M. Gassner, K. Hamdi, C. Hetzel, H.M. Hocker, D. Holmes, A. Jentsch, A. Kiselev, P. Kovach, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, G.J. Mahler, A. Marone, G.T. McIntyre, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, S.R. Plate, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, C.E. Runyan, J. Schmalzle, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, Q. Wu, Z. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA B.R. Gamage, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, M.L. Stutzman, W. Wittmer JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper presents an overview of the Interaction Region (IR) design for the planned Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The IR is designed to meet the requirements of the nuclear physics community . The IR design features a ±4.5 m free space for the detector; a forward spectrometer magnet is used for the detection of hadrons scattered under small angles. The hadrons are separated from the neutrons allowing detection of neutrons up to ±4 mrad. On the rear side, the electrons are separated from photons using a weak dipole magnet for the luminosity monitor and to detect scattered electrons (e-tagger). To avoid synchrotron radiation backgrounds in the detector no strong electron bending magnet is placed within 40 m upstream of the IP. The magnet apertures on the rear side are large enough to allow synchrotron radiation to pass through the magnets. The beam pipe has been optimized to reduce the impedance; the total power loss in the central vacuum chamber is expected to be less than 90 W. To reduce risk and cost the IR is designed to employ standard NbTi superconducting magnets, which are described in a separate paper. An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science. (2018). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25171
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB002
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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WEPAB018	Space-Charge Effects in Ionization Beam Profile Monitors	proton, booster, space-charge, electron	2628
	V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Ionization profile monitors (IPMs) are widely used in accelerators for non-destructive and fast diagnostics of high energy particle beams. At high beam intensities, the space-charge forces make the measured IPM profiles significantly different from those of the beams. We analyze dynamics of the secondaries in IPMs and develop an effective algorithm to reconstruct the beam sizes from the measured IPM profiles. Efficiency of the developed theory is illustrated in application to the Fermilab 8 GeV proton Booster IPMs.
	Poster WEPAB018 [0.731 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB018
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021
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WEPAB083	Effect of Negative Momentum Compaction Operation on the Current-Dependent Bunch Length	operation, simulation, bunching, storage-ring	2786
	P. Schreiber, T. Boltz, M. Brosi, B. Härer, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, A.I. Papash, R. Ruprecht, M. Schuh KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, Grant Agreement No 730871. P.S, T.B are supported by DFG-funded Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics. New operation modes are often considered during the development of new synchrotron light sources. An understanding of the effects involved is inevitable for a successful operation of these schemes. At the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator), new modes can be implemented and tested at various energies, employing a variety of performant beam diagnostics devices. Negative momentum compaction optics at various energies have been established. Also, the influence of a negative momentum compaction factor on different effects has been investigated. This contribution comprises a short report on the status of the implementation of a negative momentum compaction optics at KARA. Additionally, first measurements of the changes to the current-dependent bunch length will be presented.
	Poster WEPAB083 [1.129 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB083
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021
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WEPAB087	Observation of Undulator Radiation Generated by a Single Electron Circulating in a Storage Ring and Possible Applications	electron, radiation, photon, undulator	2790
	I. Lobach University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA A. Halavanau, Z. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA K. Kim ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	An experimental study into the undulator radiation, generated by a single electron was carried out at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab. The individual photons were detected by a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) at an average rate of 1 detection per 300 revolutions in the ring. The detection events were continuously recorded by a picosecond event timer for as long as 1 minute at a time. The collected data were used to test if there is any deviation from the classically predicted Poissonian photostatistics. It was motivated by the observation * of sub-Poissonian statistics in a similar experiment. The observation * could be an instrumentation effect related to low detection efficiency and long detector dead time. In our experiment, the detector (SPAD) has a much higher efficiency (65%) and a much lower dead time. In addition, we show that the collected data (recorded detection times) can be used to study the synchrotron motion of a single electron and infer some parameters of the ring. For example, by comparing the results of simulation and measurement for the synchrotron motion we were able to estimate the magnitude of the RF phase jitter. * Teng Chen and John M. J. Madey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5906, June 2001
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB087
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021
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WEPAB088	Transverse Beam Emittance Measurement by Undulator Radiation Power Noise	radiation, emittance, undulator, optics	2794
	I. Lobach University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA A. Halavanau, Z. Huang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA K. Kim ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA V.A. Lebedev, S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Generally, turn-to-turn power fluctuations of incoherent spontaneous synchrotron radiation in a storage ring depend on the 6D phase-space distribution of the electron bunch. In some cases, if only one parameter of the distribution is unknown, this parameter can be determined from the measured magnitude of these power fluctuations. In this contribution, we report the results of our experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring, where we carried out an absolute measurement (no free parameters or calibration) of a small vertical emittance (5–15 nm rms) of a flat beam by this new method, under conditions, when the small vertical emittance is unresolvable by a conventional synchrotron light beam size monitor.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB088
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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WEPAB089	Conceptual Design of Booster Synchrotron for Siam Photon Source II	booster, lattice, dipole, focusing	2795
	S. Krainara, S. Klinkhieo, P. Klysubun, T. Pulampong, P. Sudmuang SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	Funding: Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public organization) A project on a 3.0 GeV Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) has been started. The storage ring of SPS-II was designed to obtain an electron beam with a low-emittance below 1 nm-rad. The SPS-II injector mainly consists of a 150 MeV linac and a full-energy booster synchrotron. The booster synchrotron will be installed in the same tunnel as the storage ring, with a total circumference of 304.829 meters. The proposed lattice of the booster contains 40 modified FODO cells with combined function magnets. This lattice achieves a small beam emittance less than 10 nm-rad at 3 GeV, which can provide a high injection efficiency for top-up operation. The conceptual design for SPS-II booster synchrotron is presented in this work.
	Poster WEPAB089 [1.187 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB089
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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WEPAB128	Recent Experience with Magnet Sorting for APS-U Hybrid Undulators	undulator, quadrupole, photon, permanent-magnet	2910
	I. Vasserman, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. The quality of permanent magnets plays a particularly important role in undulator performance. Many different types of magnet sorting to enhance undulator performance have been carried out at different facilities. Meanwhile, progress in improving magnet quality has been made by different vendors. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) we have assembled, measured, and analyzed over 14 new undulators of the same mechanical design, some of them with sorted magnets and some unsorted. The performance differences appear to be insignificant in meeting the tight APS Upgrade (APS-U) undulator requirements.
	Poster WEPAB128 [0.395 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB128
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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WEPAB179	Recent Status of J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron	operation, shielding, injection, proton	3027
	K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) at the Ja-pan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) provides more than 500 kW beams to the Material and Life Science Facility (MLF) and Main Ring (MR). In such a high-intensity hadron accelerator, even losing less than 0.1% of the beam can cause many problems. Such lost protons can cause serious radio-activation and accelerator component malfunctions. Therefore, we have been continuing a beam study to achieve high-power operation. In addition, we have also improved and maintained the accelerator components to enable stable operation. This paper reports the status of the J-PARC RCS over the last two years.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB179
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021
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WEPAB198	Beam Dynamics Design of a Synchrotron Injector with Laser-Accelerated Ions	laser, emittance, quadrupole, simulation	3085
	M.Z. Tuo, X. Guan, W. Lu, P.F. Ma, Y. Wan, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, H.J. Yao, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	We present, in this paper, the beam dynamics design of a linac injector with laser-accelerated carbon-ions for a medical synchrotron. In the design, the initial transverse divergence is reduced by two apertures. The beam is focused transversely through a quadrupole triplet lens downstream the apertures. The output energy spread of the extracted beam at the exit of the injector is compressed from ±6% to ±0.6% by a debuncher and a bend magnet system to meet the injection requirement for the synchrotron. By changing the width of imaging slit of the bend magnet system, the beam with energy of 4±0.024 MeV/u is extracted, and the particle number per shot and transverse emittances of the beam at the exit of the injector can be regulated through adjusting the slit height. The dynamics design can pave the way for the future concept research of the synchrotron injector.
	Poster WEPAB198 [1.034 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB198
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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WEPAB205	XiPAF Synchrotron Slow Extraction Commissioning	extraction, experiment, proton, sextupole	3106
	W.B. Ye, X. Guan, Y. Li, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Yang, H.J. Yao, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China W.L. Liu, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China
	Xi’an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60~230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. Slow extraction commissioning for 60 MeV proton beam in XiPAF synchrotron has been finished. After commissioning, the maximal experiment extraction efficiency with the RF-knockout (RF-KO) method can up to 85%. The reason for beam loss has been analyzed and presented in this paper. Besides, an experiment of multiple energy extraction has been conducted in XiPAF synchrotron. The proton beams of 3 different energies were successfully extracted in 1.54 s.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB205
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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WEPAB222	Impedance Evaluation of Masks in the HEPS Storage Ring	impedance, resonance, wakefield, radiation	3145
	N. Wang, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China J.Q. Wang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Masks are commonly used in photon light sources to protect sensitive elements from synchrotron radiations. In the ultra-low emittance rings, small aperture vacuum chambers are adopted in order to reach the very high gradient in the quadrupoles, while many masks are required due to the high radiation power density. Therefore, the impedance of the masks becomes one of the dominant contributors to the impedance budget. In this paper, the impedance is evaluated among different mask designs. Meanwhile, the impedance cross-talk between adjacent masks is discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB222
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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WEPAB227	Mechanism of Longitudinal Single-Bunch Instability in the CERN SPS	impedance, simulation, coupling, emittance	3161
	I. Karpov CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Gadioux UCD, Dublin, Ireland
	Understanding the origin of beam instabilities is essential for reaching the highest performance of proton synchrotrons. In the present work, the Oide-Yokoya eigenvalue method of solving the linearised Vlasov equation was used to shed light on the mechanism of longitudinal single-bunch instability in the CERN SPS. In particular, semi-analytical calculations were done for the full longitudinal impedance model, taking into account the RF nonlinearity. The obtained results agree well with macro-particle simulations and are consistent with available beam measurements. For the first time, the instability has been interpreted as a coupling of radial modes within a single azimuthal mode, due to a strong potential-well distortion of the synchrotron-frequency distribution. To avoid this instability, a higher RF voltage is required at a given emittance. Thus, the instability mechanism is very different from the loss of Landau damping, which, in contrast, is mitigated by a lower RF voltage. This understanding also allowed us to optimise the RF voltage programmes during the acceleration cycle for high-intensity bunches used in the AWAKE experiment at CERN.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB227
About •	paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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WEPAB233	Excitation of Micro-Bunching in Short Electron Bunches Using RF Amplitude Modulation	bunching, electron, radiation, experiment	3173
	T. Boltz, E. Blomley, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, B. Härer, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, M. Yan KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	In its short-bunch operation mode, the KIT storage ring KARA provides picosecond-long electron bunches, which emit coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) up to the terahertz frequency range. Due to the high spatial compression under these conditions, the self-interaction of the bunch with its own emitted CSR induces a wake-field, which significantly influences the longitudinal charge distribution. Above a given threshold current, this leads to the formation of dynamically evolving micro-structures within the bunch and is thus called micro-bunching instability. As CSR is emitted at wavelengths corresponding to the spatial dimension of the emitter, these small structures lead to an increased emission of CSR at higher frequencies. The instability is therefore deliberately induced at KARA to provide intense THz radiation to dedicated experiments. To further increase the emitted power in the desired frequency range, we consider the potential of RF amplitude modulations to intentionally excite this form of micro-bunching in short electron bunches. This work is supported by the BMBF project 05K19VKC TiMo (Federal Ministry of Education and Research).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB233
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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WEPAB240	Increasing the Single-Bunch Instability Threshold by Bunch Splitting Due to RF Phase Modulation	radiation, detector, electron, synchrotron-radiation	3193
	J.L. Steinmann, E. Blomley, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, P. Schönfeldt KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: This work is funded by the BMBF contract number: 05K16VKA. RF phase modulation at twice the synchrotron frequency can be used to split a stored electron bunch into two or more bunchlets orbiting each other. We report on time-resolved measurements at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), where this bunch splitting was used to increase the threshold current of the microbunching instability, happening in the short-bunch operation mode. Turning the modulation on and off reproducibly affects the sawtooth behavior of the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB240
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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WEPAB246	Influence of Different Beam Energies on the Micro-Bunching Instability	bunching, damping, radiation, operation	3209
	M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	During the operation of an electron synchrotron with short electron bunches, the beam dynamics are influenced by the occurrence of the micro-bunching instability. This collective instability is caused by the self-interaction of a short electron bunch with its own emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). Above a certain threshold bunch current dynamic micro-structures start to occur on the longitudinal phase space density. The resulting dynamics depend on various parameters and were previously investigated in relation to, amongst others, the momentum compaction factor and the acceleration voltage. In this contribution, the influence of the energy of the electrons on the dynamics of the micro-bunching instability is studied based on measurements at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB246
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021
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WEPAB250	Interplay Between Space Charge, Intra-Beam Scattering, and Synchrotron Radiation Effects	resonance, emittance, space-charge, damping	3220
	M. Zampetakis, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Zampetakis University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
	The objective of this research is to study the interplay of synchrotron radiation, intra-beam scattering, and space charge in the vicinity of excited resonances. In this respect, two modules were developed to simulate intra-beam scattering and synchrotron radiation effects and plugged into pyORBIT to be used together with its space charge module. Different regimes of synchrotron motion were used to study the response of the beam to a lattice resonance when space charge, intra-beam scattering and synchrotron radiation are present.
	Poster WEPAB250 [0.536 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB250
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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WEPAB263	Complex Unit Lattice Cell for Low-Emittance Synchrotrons	lattice, sextupole, emittance, focusing	3254
	Z.L. Ren, Z.H. Bai, J.J. Tan, L. Wang, H. Xu, P.H. Yang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	To reach the real diffraction-limited emittance, it is generally required to increase the number of bends in multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattices that are used in the designs of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources. For an MBA lattice with distributed chromatic correction, more bends mean much tighter space and much stronger magnets. Inspired by the hybrid MBA lattice concept, in this paper we propose a new lattice concept called complex unit lattice cell, which can save space and reduce magnet strengths. A 17BA lattice based on the complex unit cell concept is designed for a 3 GeV synchrotron light source with a circumference of 537.6 m, which reaches a natural emittance of about 21 pm·rad. Comparison is also made between this 17BA lattice and the 17BA lattice with distributed chromatic correction to demonstrate the merit of the complex unit cell concept.
	Poster WEPAB263 [1.279 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB263
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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WEPAB317	Online Model Developments for BESSY II and MLS	controls, EPICS, MMI, kicker	3413
	P. Schnizer, J. Bengtsson, T. Birke, J. Li, T. Mertens, M. Ries, A. Schälicke, L. Vera Ramirez HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Digital models have been developed over a long time for preparing accelerator commissioning next to benchmarking theory predictions to machine measurements. These digital models are nowadays being realized as digital shadows or digital twins. Accelerator commissioning requires periodic setup and review of the machine status. Furthermore, different measurements are only practical by comparison to the machine model (e.g. beam based alignment). In this paper we describe the architecture chosen for our models, describe the framework Bluesky for measurement orchestration and report on our experience exemplifying on dynamic aperture scans. Furthermore we describe our plans to extend the models applied to BESSY~II and MLS to the currently planned machines BESSY~III and MLS~II.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB317
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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WEPAB330	A Multirange Low Noise Transimpedance Amplifier for Sirius Beamlines	impedance, feedback, operation, FEM	3447

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOXC01

Combined Effect of Beam-Beam Interaction and Beam Coupling Impedance in Future Circular Colliders

impedance, collider, luminosity, simulation

25

Y. Zhang, N. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
E. Carideo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Migliorati
SBAI, Roma, Italy
M. Zobov
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

Funding: This work is supported by National Key Programme for S&T Research and Development, China (Grant No. 2016YFA0400400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11775238, No. 11775239).
The future large scale electron-positron colliders, such as FCC-ee in Europe and CEPC in China, will rely on the crab waist collision scheme with a large Piwinski angle. Differently from the past generation colliders both luminosity and beam-beam tune shifts depend on the bunch length in such a collision scheme. In addition, for the future circular colliders with extreme beam parameters in collision several new effects become important such as beamstrahlung, coherent X-Z instability and 3D flip-flop. For all these effects the longitudinal beam dynamics plays an essential role and should be taken into account for the collider luminosity optimization. In this paper we discuss an impact of the longitudinal beam coupling impedance on the collider performance.

Slides MOXC01 [2.269 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXC01

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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MOPAB037

On Possibility of Alpha-buckets Detecting at the KIT Storage Ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator)

storage-ring, operation, optics, electron

167

A.I. Papash, T. Boltz, M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, R. Ruprecht, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, N.J. Smale
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Computer studies of longitudinal motion have been performed with the objective to estimate the possibility of detection of alpha-buckets at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator). The longitudinal equations of motion and the Hamiltonian were expanded to high order terms of the energy deviation of particles in a beam. Roots of third order equation for three leading terms of momentum compaction factor and free energy independent term were derived in a form suitable for analytical estimations. Averaged quadratic terms of closed orbit distortions caused by misalignment of magnetic elements in a ring lead to orbit lengthening independent of particle energy deviation. Particle transverse excursions were estimated and are taken into account. Simulations have been bench-marked on existing experiments at Metrology Light Source (MLS) in Berlin (Germany) and SOLEIL (France). Parameters of three simultaneous beams and alpha buckets at MLS and SOLEIL have been reproduced with high accuracy. A computer model of KARA was used to predict behavior and the dynamics of possible simultaneous beams in the ring.

Poster MOPAB037 [1.269 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB037

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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MOPAB048

Robust Design and Control of the Nonlinear Dynamics for BESSY-III

lattice, controls, optics, sextupole

209

J. Bengtsson, M. Abo-Bakr, P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, B.C. Kuske
HZB, Berlin, Germany

The design philosophy for a robust prototype lattice design for BESSY III, i.e., that is insensitive to small parameter changes, e.g. engineering tolerances - based on a higher-order-achromat, a la: SLS, NSLS-II, MAX IV, and SLS 2 - is outlined & presented. As usual, a well optimized design requires a clear understanding of the end-user requirements and close collaboration between the linear optics designer and nonlinear dynamics specialist for a systems approach.

Poster MOPAB048 [1.202 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB048

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 May 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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MOPAB056

Optimization of a TBA with Stable Optics and Minimal Longitudinal Dispersion and CSR-Induced Emittance Growth

emittance, bunching, quadrupole, FEL

241

C. Zhang, Y. Jiao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
C.-Y. Tsai
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11922512), Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y201904), National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFA0401900)
In the beam transfer line which often consists of dipoles to deflect the beam trajectory, longitudinal dispersion effect and emission of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) will lead to beam phase space distortion, thus degrading the machine performance. In this study, optimizations of a triple-bend achromat (TBA) cell are conducted using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method to suppress the CSR-induced emittance growth and minimize the longitudinal dispersion functions up to high orders, simultaneously. For the longitudinal dispersion function, results of three optimization settings are reported, which makes the TBA design first-order, second-order, and higher-order isochronous. Furthermore, we study the shortest possible beamline length of the higher-order isochronous TBA design, which may pave the way to designing a more compact beam transfer line.

Poster MOPAB056 [0.366 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB056

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB065

Optimization of the Lattice Replacement Options for the Next Generation Australian Synchrotron

lattice, emittance, storage-ring, sextupole

269

R. Auchettl, R.T. Dowd, Y.E. Tan
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia

The design of a next generation Australian Synchrotron replacement lattice is a multi-objective and multi-constrained problem. Our group was tasked to produce a low emittance design while re-using the existing tunnel infrastructure and injector system. Our objectives coupled with the set infrastructure constraints are not straightforward to achieve with manual design. Several variables act at cross-purposes to one-another, leading to a conflicting trade-off between objectives. Recently we have investigated replacement options for the Australian Synchrotron containing longitudinal gradient and reverse bends in the form of a 4BA (4-bend achromat) lattice. In this work, optimise the lattice design for a potential fourth generation Australian Synchrotron facility. We outline the baseline 4BA solution to the lowest emittance lattice that can reuse the existing tunnels and injector system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB065

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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MOPAB068

Collective Effects Studies for the SOLEIL Upgrade

impedance, storage-ring, cavity, feedback

274

A. Gamelin, D. Amorim, P. Brunelle, W. Foosang, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, R. Ollier, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The SOLEIL upgrade project aims to replace the actual SOLEIL storage ring by a 4th generation light source. The project has just finished its conceptual design report (CDR) phase*. Compared to the SOLEIL storage ring, the upgraded storage ring design includes many new features of 4th generation light sources that will impact collective effects, such as reduced beam pipe apertures, a smaller momentum compaction factor and the presence of harmonic cavities (HC). To mitigate them, we rely on several damping mechanisms provided by the synchrotron radiation, the transverse feedback system, and the HC (Landau damping and bunch lengthening). This article presents a first estimate of the collective effects impact of the upgraded design.
* Conceptual Design Report: Synchrotron SOLEIL Upgrade, 2021, in press.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB068

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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MOPAB069

Equilibrium Bunch Density Distribution with Multiple Active and Passive RF Cavities

cavity, beam-loading, impedance, storage-ring

278

A. Gamelin
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
N. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

This paper describes a method to get the equilibrium bunch density distribution with an arbitrary number of active or passive RF cavities in uniform filling. This method is an extension of the one presented by M. Venturini which assumes a passive harmonic cavity and no beam loading in the main RF cavity*.
*M. Venturini, "Passive higher-harmonic rf cavities with general settings and multibunch instabilities in electron storage rings," Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2018.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB069

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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MOPAB070

mbtrack2, a Collective Effect Library in Python

impedance, cavity, collective-effects, simulation

282

A. Gamelin, W. Foosang, R. Nagaoka
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

This article introduces mbtrack2, a collective effect library written in python3. The idea behind mbtrack2 is to build a coherent object-oriented framework to work on collective effects in synchrotrons. mbtrack2 is composed of different modules allowing to easily write scripts for single bunch or multi-bunch tracking using MPI parallelization in a transparent way. The base of the tracking model of mbtrack2 is inspired by mbtrack, a C multi-bunch tracking code initially developed at SOLEIL*. In addition, many tools to prepare or analyse tracking simulations are included.
* R. Nagaoka, R. Bartolini, and J. Rowland, Studies of Collective Effects in SOLEIL and Diamond Using the Multiparticle Tracking Codes SBTRACK and MBTRACK, in Proc. PAC’09, 2009.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB070

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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MOPAB086

Design of Front End and a 3-Pole-Wiggler as a Photon Source for BEATS Beamline at SESAME

photon, wiggler, vacuum, insertion

324

J. Campmany, J. Marcos
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
M. Al Nadjawi, M. Attal, G. Lori
SESAME, Allan, Jordan
I. Cudin
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
S. Guiducci
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
P. Van Vaerenbergh
ESRF, Grenoble, France

BEATS is an international collaboration funded by EU in order to design and implement an XR tomography beam line in SESAME Jordanian synchrotron. ALBA contribution consists in the design of the photon source and the Front End elements. In this paper we present the conceptual designs of both the 3-pole wiggler uses as photon source as well as the Front End elements designed for the beamline.

Poster MOPAB086 [2.306 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB086

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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MOPAB095

Concept Design for the CLS2 Accelerator Complex

electron, emittance, storage-ring, lattice

354

M.J. Boland, P.J. Hunchak
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
C.K. Baribeau, D. Bertwistle, J.M. Patel, H. Shaker, X. Shen, M.J. Sigrist
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
F. Le Pimpec
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
E.J. Wallén
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The Canadian Light Source has been in operation since 2005 and is now looking at a design concept to upgrade to a fourth generation storage ring. A brief overview is given of a possible accelerator complex layout, including some details on the lattice design and injection system. A full energy linac is being explored as an option for top-up injection and to future proof the facility for a potential FEL upgrade in the future.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB095

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paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB102

CSR Impedance in HEPS Storage Ring

impedance, storage-ring, lattice, vacuum

379

H.S. Xu, X.Y. Li, N. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is under construction in Beijing, China. The relatively complete impedance model has been built up based on the element-by-element impedance calculation. However, Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) impedance, which might affect the longitudinal performance of the beam, was not included in the impedance model of the HEPS storage ring in the preliminary design stage. For completeness, we would like to take the CSR impedance into consideration. The most important contributions to the total CSR impedance come from the bending magnets and insertion devices. We therefore calculate the CSR impedance from both above mentioned elements in HEPS storage ring. The influence of the CSR impedance on the microwave instability threshold is studied and presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB102

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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MOPAB110

An Electron Synchrotron Lattice Based on Theoretic Minimal Emittance Cell

emittance, lattice, extraction, sextupole

403

H.C. Chao
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

A design of an electron synchrotron featuring the theoretic minimal emittance (TME) cells is presented. It has 32 superperiods and the circumference is around 300 m. It offers versatile functions with the equilibrium emittance less than 10 nm-rad at 6 GeV. The beam energy can go up to 7 GeV. Locations with proper phase advances are found to form effective vertical orbit bumps, which can be used for the injections and extraction. A tune scan study shows the sweet spot for the working point. Some discussions of other usages and studies of synchro-betatron coupling effects are also included in this article.

Poster MOPAB110 [0.777 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB110

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB117

Single Bunch Collective Effects in the EBS Storage Ring

impedance, simulation, SRF, vacuum

425

L.R. Carver, E. Buratin, N. Carmignani, F. Ewald, L. Hoummi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, B. Roche, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF storage ring (SR) has been dismantled and replaced by the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) which has now been commissioned. Beam based measurements have been performed to characterise the impedance of the new machine and to make a first comparison with predictions. The results from instability threshold scans and tune shift measurements will be presented, as well as bunch length and position variation with current and microwave threshold measurements.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB117

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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MOPAB120

Update on Injector for the New Synchrotron Light Source in Thailand

linac, storage-ring, injection, photon

435

T. Chanwattana, S. Chunjarean, N. Juntong, K. Kittimanapun, S. Klinkhieo, P. Sudmuang
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
K. Manasatitpong
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand

Design of the new 3-GeV synchrotron light source in Thailand, Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II), has been updated. The SPS-II accelerator complex consists of a 150-MeV injector linac, a 3-GeV booster synchrotron and a 3-GeV storage ring. The RF system of both storage ring and booster is based on a frequency of 119 MHz. In this paper, design considerations and specifications of the SPS-II injector linac are presented. A study on the injector linac in multi-bunch mode (MBM) and single-bunch mode (SBM) was done to get appropriate parameters for top-up injection and different filling patterns in the storage ring.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB120

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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MOPAB121

Progress Towards Soft X-Ray Beam Position Monitor Development

detector, undulator, radiation, laser

438

B. Podobedov, C. Eng, S. Hulbert, C. Mazzoli
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
D. Donetski, K. Kucharczyk, J. Liu, R. Lutchman
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
X-ray beam position monitors (BPMs) are instrumental for storage ring light sources, where they reliably provide positional measurements of high-power beams in hard X-ray beamlines. However, despite a growing need, coming especially from coherent soft X-ray beamlines, non-invasive soft X-ray BPMs have not been demonstrated yet. We are presently working on a funded R&D proposal to develop a non-invasive soft X-ray BPM with micron-scale resolution for high-power white beams. In our approach, multi-pixel GaAs detector arrays are placed into the beam halo and beam position is inferred from the pixel photocurrent levels. Presently, the first detector array prototypes have been manufactured and are being prepared for low-power beam tests. The mechanical design of a BPM test-stand, which will be installed in the 23-ID canted soft X-ray undulator beamline at NSLS-II, is well under way. In addition, we are developing new algorithms of beam position calculation which take full advantage of extended multi-pixel detector arrays. In this paper we will review our design choices and discuss recent progress.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB121

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paper received ※ 03 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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MOPAB122

Present Status of HiSOR

storage-ring, injection, undulator, radiation

442

M. Katoh
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
K. Goto, M. Katoh, M. Shimada
HSRC, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
H. Miyauchi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

HiSOR is a compact synchrotron light source of 700MeV. The circumference is 22m. The ring has two straight sections for undulators, which provide high brilliance VUV radiation. Two 180 bending magnets have 2.7 T field strength, which provide broadband radiation in VUV and soft X-ray range. The injector is a 150 MeV microtron. The beam injection is made twice a day with a 5 hour interval. Although the accelerators are being operated stably, the large emittance of 400nm makes it difficult to compete with high brilliance light sources of new generations. The compactness of the configuration makes it difficult to introduce new technologies. We have started seeking possible upgrades.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB122

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB175

Advanced Concepts and Technologies for Heavy Ion Synchrotrons

laser, heavy-ion, electron, space-charge

594

P.J. Spiller, O. Boine-Frankenheim, L.H.J. Bozyk, S. Klammes, H. Kollmus, D. Ondreka, I. Pongrac, N. Pyka, C. Roux, K. Sugita, St. Wilfert, T. Winkler, D.F.A. Winters
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

New concepts and technologies are developed to advance the performance of heavy ion synchrotrons. Besides fast ramping of superconducting magnets, extreme UHV technologies to stabilize dynamic vacuum and charge related loss, broad band MA cavities, space charge compensation by means of electron lenses and new cooling technologies, e.g. laser cooling, show great promise to advance the forefront of beam parameters. Several of these technologies and concepts are developed and tested at GSI/FAIR. Progress and plans will be reported.

Poster MOPAB175 [1.367 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB175

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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MOPAB181

Non-Delivery Time Reduction at MedAustron

extraction, proton, dipole, MMI

613

L. Adler, S. Danzinger, F. Farinon, F. Feichtinger, G. Guidoboni, N. Kahn, C. Kurfürst, D.A. Prokopovich, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
L.C. Penescu
Abstract Landscapes, Montpellier, France

Funding: Funding by the NÖ WIRTSCHAFTS- UND TOURISMUSFONDS under grant number WST3-F-5033232/001-2020.
MedAustron is a cancer treatment center in Austria providing proton and carbon ion beams to three clinical and one non-clinical research beam lines. The slow extraction of particles from the synchrotron follows a third order resonance extraction scheme. Currently, for every change of extraction energy a new spill needs to be generated. Besides the beam-on time of the particle delivery, every spill is also comprised of non-delivery time components e.g. the multiturn injection, acceleration or magnet conditioning. For small tumor target volumes, this non-delivery time is the major contribution to the overall treatment time. A dedicated performance improvement project (supported with a grant from the state of lower Austria) was executed with the goal to reduce these non-delivery times without affecting important clinical beam parameters such as the beam size or penetration depth. The implemented reduction of the non-delivery time >50% could be achieved, resulting in beam-on time reductions for reference treatment plans between 25% (largest proton PTV) and 58% (smallest carbon PTV). Results of commissioning efforts, technical details and the achieved optimizations will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB181

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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MOPAB182

Automated Synchrotron Lattice Design and Optimisation Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

network, lattice, dipole, superconducting-magnet

616

X. Zhang, S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
E. Benedetto
TERA, Novara, Italy
E. Benedetto
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: This work is partially supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
As part of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS), we present a new method for designing synchrotron lattices. A step-wise approach was used to generate random lattice structures from a set of feedforward neural networks. These lattice designs are optimised by evolving the networks over many iterations with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The final set of solutions represent the most effi- cient and feasible lattices which satisfy the design constraints. It is up to the lattice designer to choose a design that best suits the intended application. The automated algorithm presented here randomly samples from all possible lattice layouts and reaches the global optimum over many iterations. The requirements of an efficient extraction scheme in hadron therapy synchrotrons impose stringent constraints on the lat- tice optical functions. Using this algorithm allows us to find the global optimum that is tailored to these constraints and to fully utilise the flexibilities provided by new technology.

Poster MOPAB182 [6.006 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB182

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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MOPAB189

Beam Commissioning of XiPAF Synchrotron

extraction, injection, MMI, experiment

639

H.J. Yao, X. Guan, Y. Li, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Yang, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.L. Liu, D. Wang, Z.M. Wang
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60-230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. The Installation of the synchrotron, beamline and one experimental station were completed at the end of December 2019, and commissioning has just begun. Circulating beam around the synchrotron was observed on the first day of operation, and now 10-200 MeV proton beam directly extracted from the synchrotron had been transported to the experimental station for user experiments. The results of the commissioning and data analysis are presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB189

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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MOPAB213

Characterization of Linear Optics and Beam Parameters for the APS Booster with Turn-by-Turn BPM Data

booster, betatron, optics, kicker

703

X. Huang, H. Shang, C. Yao
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

We take turn-by-turn (TBT) BPM data on the energy ramp of the APS Booster, and analyze the data with the independent component analysis. The extraction kicker was used to excite the betatron motion. The linear optics of the machine is characterized with the TBT BPM data. We also analyze the decoherence pattern of the kicked beam, from which we are able to derive beam distribution parameters, such as the momentum spread.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB213

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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MOPAB248

Injection Schemes for the SOLEIL Upgrade

injection, storage-ring, lattice, betatron

796

M.-A. Tordeux, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, P. Brunelle, L. Hoummi, A. Loulergue, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Injection into the SOLEIL upgrade storage ring is much more challenging compared to the case of the current ring. Thanks to the experience gained in the development, manufacture and commissioning of a Multipole Injection Kicker (MIK) on the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, the SOLEIL pulsed magnet team is currently developing new MIK magnets that will serve as the basis for the injection schemes in the upgrade storage ring. We then propose two kinds of injections: firstly, a betatron off-axis injection that should be compatible with the full-coupling storage ring tuning, and secondly, a synchrotron on-axis injection by creating a large horizontal dispersion bump at the injection point.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB248

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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MOPAB274

Two-Stream Effects in Coherent Beam-Beam Oscillations in VEPP-2000 Collider Near the Linear Coupling Resonance

betatron, coupling, collider, resonance

866

S.A. Kladov, E. Perevedentsev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.A. Kladov, E. Perevedentsev
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Synchro-betatron motion of colliding bunches may cause limitations of the high-luminosity performance. For a round beam collider operated near the linear coupling resonance, we present theoretical predictions of the beam-beam coherent synchro-betatron oscillation behavior under the influence of x-y coupling.

Poster MOPAB274 [0.968 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB274

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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MOPAB294

Implementing Electro-Optical Diagnostics for Measuring the CSR Far-Field at KARA

laser, radiation, detector, storage-ring

931

C. Widmann, E. Bründermann, M. Caselle, S. Funkner, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, G. Niehues, M.M. Patil, C. Sax, J.L. Steinmann, M. Weber
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
C. Mai
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany

Funding: This work was supported by BMBF ErUM-Pro project 05K19 STARTRAC, C.W. was funded under contract No. 05K19VDK, C.M. under contract No. 05K19PEC, S.F. under contract No. 05K16VKA.
For measuring the temporal profile of the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) an experimental setup based on electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) is currently being implemented. The EOSD technique allows single-shot, phase-sensitive measurements of the far-field radiation on a turn-by-turn basis at rates in the MHz range. Therefore, the resulting THz radiation from the dynamics of the bunch evolution, e.g. the microbunching, can be observed with high temporal resolution. This far-field setup is part of the distributed sensor network at KARA. Additionally to the information acquired from the near-field EOSD spectral decoding and the horizontal bunch profile monitor, it enables to monitor the longitudinal phase-space of the bunch. In this contribution, the characterization of the far-field setup is summarized and its implementation is discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB294

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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MOPAB310

Vertical Phase Space Measurement Progress at Canadian Light Source

electron, emittance, lattice, experiment

963

Y. Yousefi Sigari, D. Bertwistle, M.J. Boland
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
M.J. Boland
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

A key feature of third-generation light sources is their small vertical opening angle, which is difficult to measure experimentally. To reconstruct the vertical phase space, one can scan the beam’s position using X-ray synchrotron radiation (XSR) and a pinhole camera. The XSR diagnostic beamline, operational in the wavelength region of 0.05 - 0.15 nm, in Canadian Light Source (CLS) is qualified to measure the beam position with X-ray radiation. Using the corrector magnets in CLS lattice made of 12 identical double-bend achromats (DBA) cells, vertical iterations can be executed parallel to the beam’s original orbit. The outcomes of this experiment are: 1) the vertical beam positions that are monitored by BPMs, and 2) the X-ray image of the beam that is projected through the pinhole. The bumps were simulated using Matlab Middle Layer (MML) for Accelerator control systems to get an insight of the source point’s position in the XSR’s bending magnet. The simulation shows the position of the source point depends on which corrector sets are chosen.

Poster MOPAB310 [0.328 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB310

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB327

Beam Loss Diagnostics System for SKIF Synchrotron Light Source

simulation, electron, storage-ring, diagnostics

1012

X.C. Ma
BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.V. Ivanenko, E.A. Puryga
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.D. Khilchenko, Yu.I. Maltseva, O.I. Meshkov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Yu.I. Maltseva, O.I. Meshkov
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Siberian ring photon source (SKIF) is a new generation synchrotron light source designed and built by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The beam loss diagnostics system is a tool for monitoring beam loss information. It is widely used in modern large accelerators to provide a basis for diagnosing and locating machine faults, optimizing and debugging working beam parameters, and improving beam lifetime. Two types of beam loss monitor (BLM) will be applied on SKIF: fiber-based Cherenkov beam loss monitor (CBLM) and scintillator-based BLM (SBLM). Multi-mode silica fibers CBLM will be installed on linear accelerator and transfer lines. 128 SBLMs will be placed around the storage ring, dynamic ranges and sophisticated electronic equipment are employed to cover different SKIF operating modes. This article represents the details of design of beam loss diagnostics of SKIF, introduces the simulation and experimental studies of CBLM and SBLM.

Poster MOPAB327 [4.893 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB327

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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MOPAB366

Improving Magnetic Materials for RCS Cavity Tuners

cavity, solenoid, simulation, booster

1139

R.L. Madrak, N.M. Curfman, G.V. Romanov, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
G. Das, A.K. Samanta
Ceramic Magnetics, Inc., National Magnetics Group, Inc., Bethlehem, USA

Funding: United States Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
Within the Lab Directed R&D Program at Fermilab, and in partnership with National Magnetics, we have recently begun to study and attempt to improve the loss parameter in garnet material. This could be used for fast tuner applications such as in rapid cycling synchrotrons.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB366

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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MOPAB382

Synchrotron Light Shielding for the 166 MHz Superconducting RF Section at High Energy Photon Source

cavity, shielding, storage-ring, radiation

1169

X.Y. Zhang, Z.Q. Li, Q. Ma, P. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work was supported by High Energy Photon Source, a major national science and technology infrastructure in China.
The High Energy Photo Source (HEPS) project has been under construction since 2019, and will be first diffraction-limited synchrotron light source in China. A 6 GeV electron beam with 200 mA current will be stored in the main ring. If synchrotron light produced from this energetic electron beam hits the superconducting cavity’s surface, it would cause thermal breakdown of the superconductivity. In the current lattice design, these lights cannot be fully blocked by the collimator in the upstream lattice cell, therefore a shielding scheme inside the rf section is required. This however brings great challenges to the already limited space. The design of the collimator has been focused on fulfilling shielding requirements while optimizing beam impedance, synchrotron light power density, thermal and mechanical stabilities. Shielding materials are subsequently chosen with dedicated cooling to ensure long-term stable operations. In this paper, a shielding scheme inside the rf section of the HEPS storage ring is presented. The synchrotron light mainly from the upstream bending magnet is successfully block. The sensitivity to beam position movement and installation error is also analyzed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB382

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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MOPAB413

The Next Ion Medical Machine Study at CERN: Towards a Next Generation Cancer Research and Therapy Facility with Ion Beams

linac, proton, superconducting-magnet, operation

1240

M. Vretenar, V. Bencini, E. Benedetto, M.R. Khalvati, A.M. Lombardi, M. Sapinski, D. Tommasini
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski
TERA, Novara, Italy
P. Foka
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Cancer therapy with ions has several advantages over X-ray and proton therapy, but its diffusion remains limited primarily because of the size and cost of the accelerator. To develop technologies that might improve performance and reduce accelerator cost with respect to present facilities, CERN has recently launched the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS), leveraging CERN expertise in accelerator fields to disseminate technologies developed for basic science. A perspective user and key partner of NIMMS is the SEEIIST (South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies), established to build in the region an innovative facility for combined cancer therapy and biomedical research with ion beams. For SEEIIST and other potential users, three options are being considered. Conceptual designs of a warm-magnet synchrotron at high beam intensity, of a compact superconducting synchrotron, and of a high-frequency linear accelerator have been compared in terms of cost, risk and development time. The development of curved superconducting magnets, of compact synchrotrons and ion gantries, and of linacs is being pursued within EU-funded projects or specific collaborations

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB413

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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MOPAB414

A Novel Facility for Cancer Therapy and Biomedical Research with Heavy Ions for the South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies

extraction, injection, experiment, radiation

1244

S. Damjanovic, P. Grübling, H. Schopper
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
U. Amaldi, E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski
TERA, Novara, Italy
E. Benedetto, G. Bisoffi, M. Dosanjh, M. Sapinski, M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
G. Bisoffi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
S. Damjanovic, M. Durante, P. Foka, C. Graeff
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Th. Haberer
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
S. Rossi
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
H.J. Specht
Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

The South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST) proposes the construction of a major joint Research Infrastructure in the region, to rebuild cooperation after the recent wars and overcome lasting consequences like technology deficits and brain drain, having at its core a facility for cancer therapy and biomedical research with heavy ions. Beams of ions like Carbon are an advanced way to irradiate tumours but more research is needed, while the higher investment costs than for other radiation treatments have so far limited the European facilities to only four. This initiative aims at being strongly innovative, beyond the existing European designs. While the initial baseline relies on a conservative warm-magnet synchrotron, superconducting magnets for an advanced version of the synchrotron and for the gantry are being developed, with a potential for reductions in size, cost, and power consumption. Both warm and superconducting designs feature high beam intensity for faster treatment, and flexible extraction for novel treatment methods. A novel injector linac has the potential for producing radioisotopes in parallel with synchrotron injection.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB414

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB011

Momentum Compaction Factor Measurements in the Large Hadron Collider

optics, quadrupole, collider, hadron

1360

J. Keintzel, L. Malina, R. Tomás García
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and its planned luminosity upgrade, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) demand well-controlled on- and off-momentum optics. Optics measurements are performed by analysing Turn-by-Turn (TbT) data of excited beams. Different techniques to measure the momentum compaction factor from these data are explored, taking into account the possibility to combine them with RF-voltage scans in future experiments.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB011

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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TUPAB024

Lattice Options Comparison for a DLSR Injector

lattice, emittance, injection, booster

1390

H.C. Chao, I.V. Agapov, S.A. Antipov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

DESY IV, as a part of the injector chain, must have lower emittance for PETRA IV injection. Depending on the scenarios of the injector, two lattice options for DESY IV are presented. They are designed for different purposes. The first option comes with a high momentum compaction factor with acceptable emittance. It is designed to be a full intensity booster. The other option is with low emittance dedicated to be an accumulator at high energies. The general beam dynamics properties are simulated and discussed. Their strengths and weaknesses are compared.

Poster TUPAB024 [0.751 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB024

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paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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TUPAB065

Solaris Storage Ring Performance After 6 Years of Operation

storage-ring, operation, MMI, vacuum

1515

A.I. Wawrzyniak, A. Curcio, K. Gula, M.A. Knafel, G.W. Kowalski, A.M. Marendziak, R. Panaś, M. Waniczek, M. Wiśniowski
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland

Solaris is a third generation light source operating since 2015 in Kraków, Poland. Between 2015 and 2018 the synchrotron as well as two beamlines were commissioned. During commissioning phases, the good performance of Solaris storage ring has been reached. The beam optics was brought close to the design one. Since October 2018 Solaris storage ring is in the user operation mode. Moreover, two other beamlines with the elliptically polarized undulators used as source were installed and are under commissioning now. In 2020 the total beam availability of 93% was reached with the average circulating current of 400 mA and the total lifetime of 15 h. Over last two years few improvements of the storage ring were done to optimize the storage ring performance. The Landau cavities were tuned to improve the Touschek lifetime and suppress the instabilities. Two diagnostics beamlines were installed and commissioned allowing for the beam sizes in three planes and emittance measurements. The storage ring optics was fine-tuned to increase the dynamic aperture.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB065

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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TUPAB214

Alpha Buckets in Longitudinal Phase Space: A Bifurcation Analysis

operation, storage-ring, lattice, closed-orbit

1917

J. Frank, M. Arlandoo, P. Goslawski, T. Mertens, M. Ries
HZB, Berlin, Germany

At HZB’s BESSY II and MLS facilities we have the ability to tune the momentum compaction factor α up to second non-linear order. The non-linear dependence α(δ) brings qualitative changes to the longitudinal phase space and introduces new fix points α(δ)=0 which produce the so-called α-buckets. We present with this paper an analysis of this phenomena from the standpoint of bifurcation theory. With this approach we were able to characterize the nature of the fix points and their position in direct dependence on the tunable parameters. Furthermore, we are able to place stringent conditions onto the tunable parameters to either create or destroy α-buckets.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB214

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 June 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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TUPAB222

Application and Development of the Streak Camera Measurement System at HLS-II

experiment, operation, storage-ring, electron

1942

Y.K. Zhao, S.S. Jin, P. Lu, B.G. Sun, J.G. Wang, F.F. Wu, T.Y. Zhou
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

The dual-axial scan streak camera plays an important role in the super-fast optical measurement and the beam diagnosis of the accelerators. Indeed, the development of the synchrotron light measurement system by virtue of the streak camera provides an effective tool and research platform for accelerator physics and super-fast optical phenomenon. In this paper, the configuration of the streak camera measurement system is roughly described. And the experimental researches are simultaneously performed, including the bunch lengthening, the potential-well distortion, the longitudinal bunch oscillations, and the beam evolution during the single bunch operation mode in the HLS-II storage ring. Moreover, the effects of the RF modulation on the beam lifetime and longitudinal bunch beam dynamics are carried out.

Poster TUPAB222 [1.713 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB222

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paper received ※ 10 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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TUPAB226

Study of the Third-Order Parametric Resonance Induced by RF Modulation

simulation, storage-ring, electron, injection

1956

P.F. Liang, H.S. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

There were both analytic and experimental studies on the effects of RF modulation on bunch lengthening in electron storage rings. Nevertheless, the increase of bunch energy spread will happen in the meantime. Therefore, the degradation of bunch quality may limit the potential applications of the RF modulation technique. As a consequence, we believe that the comprehensive studies of the parametric resonance induced by RF modulation are necessary for understanding the physics picture better and seeking new possibilities of applications of this technique. The studies on the beam dynamics closed to the 3v_s RF phase modulation would be presented here. Based on the basic longitudinal synchrotron equations of motion, we obtained analytically the longitudinal modulated Hamiltonian and various parameters in longitudinal phase space, such as the fixed points, island tune, island width. The validity of the analytic results was checked by simulations. Furthermore, the dependence of the bunch parameters, such as energy spread and bunch length, on the modulation settings is also discussed in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB226

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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TUPAB255

Longitudinal Beam Dynamics and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation at cSTART

radiation, electron, storage-ring, synchrotron-radiation

2050

M. Schwarz, E. Bründermann, D. El Khechen, B. Härer, A. Malygin, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, A.I. Papash, R. Ruprecht, J. Schäfer, M. Schuh, P. Wesolowski
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

The compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology (cSTART) project aims to store electron bunches of LWFA-like beams in a very large momentum acceptance storage ring. The project will be realized at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Initially, the Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE), a source of ultra-short bunches, will serve as an injector for cSTART to benchmark and emulate laser-wakefield accelerator-like beams. In a second stage a laser-plasma accelerator will be used as an injector, which is being developed as part of the ATHENA project in collaboration with DESY and Helmholtz Institute Jena (HIJ). With an energy of 50 MeV and damping times of several seconds, the electron beam does not reach equilibrium emittance. Furthermore, the critical frequency of synchrotron radiation is 53 THz and in the same order as the bunch spectrum, which implies that the entire bunch radiates coherently. We perform longitudinal particle tracking simulations to investigate the evolution of the bunch length and spectrum as well as the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation. Finally, different options for the RF system are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB255

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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TUPAB261

The Ferrite Loaded Cavity Impedance Simulation

cavity, impedance, simulation, MMI

2070

L. Huang, X. Li, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
B. Wu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by NNSF of China: N0. U1832210
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source is a high-intensity proton accelerator, it accumulates the 80 MeV proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 GeV in 20 ms. The transverse coupling bunch instability is observed in beam commissioning. The source has been investigating from the commissioning. The RF acceleration system consists of eight ferrite-loaded cavities. The impedance is simulated and there is a narrow-band impedance of the ferrite cavity at about 17 MHz

Poster TUPAB261 [1.145 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB261

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB262

The Characteristic of the Beam Position Growth in CSNS/RCS

proton, neutron, MMI, impedance

2073

L. Huang, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by NNSF of China: N0. U1832210
An instability of the beam position growth is observed in the beam commissioning of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source. To simplify the study, a series of measurements have been performed to characterize the instability in the DC mode with consistent energy of 80 MeV. The measurement campaign is introduced in the paper and it conforms to the characteristics of the coupled bunch instability.

Poster TUPAB262 [3.748 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB262

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB282

Optical Beam Loss Monitor Based on Fibres for Beam Loss Monitoring and RF Breakdown Detection

diagnostics, experiment, operation, machine-protect

2136

N. Kumar, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
N. Kumar, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from STFC under grant reference ST/V001302/1.
Standard beam loss monitors are used to detect losses at specific locations which is not a practical solution for loss monitoring throughout the whole beam-line. Optical fibre beam loss monitors (oBLMs) are based on the detection of Cherenkov radiation from high energy charged particles having the advantage of covering more than 100 m of an accelerator with a single detector. This system was successfully installed at the Australian Synchrotron covering the entire facility for beam loss measurements. Successful measurements were also demonstrated on the Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA), UK with sub-metre beam loss resolution. oBLMs are non-invasive monitors for the detection of the beam loss and RF breakdown within particle accelerators, which has been developed by the QUASAR Group based at the Cockcroft Institute/University of Liverpool, UK in collaboration of D-Beam Ltd, UK. This paper discusses the overview of the system, the incorporation of the monitor into the accelerator diagnostic system, calibration experiment of oBLM and future plans for the system.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB282

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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TUPAB323

Modular Type Quick Splicing Method for TPS Beamline Radiation Shielding Hutch

radiation, shielding, scattering, neutron

2252

C.Y. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, C.L. Chen, Y.C. Lin, J.C. Liu, D.G. Liu, H.Y. Yan
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The synchrotron light source is transported to the experimental station through a beamline with specified optics, such as mask, mirror, slit, monochromator. Generally, standard beamline should use solid materials (stainless steel, tungsten, lead, and PE) to block bremsstrahlung and synchrotron radiations, even the neutron. The radiation-shielded hutch surrounds the peripheral area of the beamline with iron and lead panels. It requires blocking the scattering radiation to protect the person against radiation hazards. A modularized radiation shielding hutch includes the frame, wall, and ceiling cover that can assemble on-site through splicing. This method could greatly shorten the installation. Besides, we designed the modular ceiling cover units with a quick mounting/opening function to easily enable the maintenance and installation of large optical components. The details of the concept design for the fixed-point radiation shielding hutch in the TPS beamline are also reported that includes the configurations of the radiation shielding wall panels, frames, and pipes/cables arrangements.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB323

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB324

Real-Time Radiation Monitoring System with Interlock Protection Mechanism in Taiwan Photon Source

radiation, monitoring, neutron, electron

2256

Y.C. Lin, A.Y. Chen, C.-R. Chen, S.J. Huang, S.P. Kao, S.Y. Lin, J.C. Liu, P.J. Wen
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

To ensure radiation safety for personnel working in the facility, the Radiation and Operation Safety Division has installed a real-time radiation monitoring system in the working area to monitor gamma rays and neutrons, for which the annual dosage limit is designed to be less than 1 mSv/year. Considering 2000 working hours for users and staff members, we have derived a control dose rate limit 2 µSv/4h for interlock protection. If the accumulated radiation dose monitored with the system exceeds 2µSv within a 4-h counting interval, the radiation monitoring station sends a signal to the interlock system to stop injection until the next counting period interval. This paper introduces the radiation monitoring system and its related design information in Taiwan Photon Source.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB324

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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TUPAB325

Data-Driven Risk Matrices for CERN’s Accelerators

operation, proton, linac, machine-protect

2260

T. Cartier-Michaud, A. Apollonio, G.B. Blarasin, B. Todd, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
A risk matrix is a common tool used in risk assessment, defining risk levels with respect to the severity and probability of the occurrence of an undesired event. Risk levels can then be used for different purposes, e.g. defining subsystem reliability or personnel safety requirements. Over the history of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), several risk matrices have been defined to guide system design. Initially, these were focused on machine protection systems, more recently these have also been used to prioritize consolidation activities. A new data-driven development of risk matrices for CERN’s accelerators is presented in this paper, based on data collected in the CERN Accelerator Fault Tracker (AFT). The data-driven approach improves the granularity of the assessment, and limits uncertainty in the risk estimation, as it is based on operational experience. In this paper the authors introduce the mathematical framework, based on operational failure data, and present the resulting risk matrix for LHC.

Poster TUPAB325 [0.499 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB325

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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TUPAB326

Injection Optimization and Study of XiPAF Synchrotron

injection, simulation, proton, experiment

2264

X.Y. Liu, X. Guan, Y. Li, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.J. Yao, W.B. Ye, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.L. Liu, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

The synchrotron of XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV proton application Facility) is a compact proton synchrotron, which using H^- stripping injection and phase space painting scheme. Now XiPAF is under commissioning with some achievements, the current intensity after injection reach 43mA, the corresponding particle number is 2.3·10¹¹, and the injection efficiency is 57%. The simulation results by PyOrbit show that the injection efficiency is 77%. In this paper, we report how the injection intensity and efficiency were optimized. We analyzed the difference between simulation and experiments, and quantitatively investigate the factors affecting injection efficiency through experiments.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB326

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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TUPAB358

Novel 500 MHz Solid State Power Amplifier Module Development at Sirius

cavity, operation, impedance, storage-ring

2349

M.H. Wallner, R.H. Farias, A.P.B. Lima, F. Santiago de Oliveira
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

A new solid state power amplifier (SSPA) module is being developed at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) to drive one of the superconducting RF cavities to be installed at Sirius, its new 3 GeV fourth generation synchrotron light source. Several prototypes have been built and tested in-house, and a planar balun was designed to achieve a push-pull configuration at deep class AB operation. Efforts to optimize heat exchange in various ways have been made. Results obtained thus far are presented and the next steps concerning development are discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB358

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 19 August 2021

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TUPAB372

Status of the Quadrupole Doublet Module Series Manfacturing

quadrupole, alignment, cryogenics, site

2388

T. Winkler, A. Bleile, L.H.J. Bozyk, V.I. Datskov, J. Ketter, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, N. Pyka, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Waldt, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The 83 Quadrupole Doublet Modules (QDM) for the heavy-ion-synchrotron SIS100 of the FAIR project at GSI are highly integrated cryogenic modules containing multiple magnets. Each of eleven different QDM types consists of two units, where one unit consists of one quadrupole magnet as well as corrector magnets depending on the modules position in the accelerator Ion-Optical Lattice. Additionally, the QDMs contain cryogenic collimators, beam diagnostics, as well as cryogenic UHV beam pipes. The modules contain parts from multiple suppliers increasing the logistics behinds the QDMs design further. We present the process of the module integration, give details on the current integration status and present an outlook on the timeline for the QDM integration planning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB372

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB378

Superconducting Dipole Magnets for the SIS100 Synchrotron

dipole, multipole, operation, simulation

2401

F. Kaether, P. Aguar Bartolome, A. Bleile, G. Golluccio, J. Ketter, P. Kosek, F. Kurian, V. Marusov, J.P. Meier, S.S. Mohite, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Szwangruber, P.B. Szwangruber, A. Warth, H.G. Weiss
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently under construction at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. For its main accelarator, the SIS100 synchrotron, 110 superconducting dipole magnets has been produced and extensively tested. The fast-ramped Nuclotron-type superferric dipoles were manufactured with high effort regarding a precise magnetic field which could be proven by magnetic field measurements with high accuracy. Stable operation conditions at 4.5 K were achieved including an excellent quench behaviour and precise geometrical and electrical properties. An overview on design, production, operation, tests and measurement results will be given.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB378

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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TUPAB380

Testing of the First of Series Quadrupole Doublet Module for the SIS100 Synchrotron

quadrupole, operation, superconducting-magnet, cryogenics

2409

P. Aguar Bartolome, M. Al Ghanem, M. Becker, A. Bleile, R. Bluemel, L.H.J. Bozyk, V.I. Datskov, W. Freisleben, A. Kario, P. Kowina, K.K. Kozlowski, F. Kurian, S. Lindner, J.P. Meier, T. Miertsch, S.S. Mohite, V.P. Plyusnin, I. Pongrac, C. Roux, C. Schroeder, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita, A. Szwangruber, P.B. Szwangruber, F. Walter, H. Welker, St. Wilfert, T. Winkler, S. Zeller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A new international facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR) is currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The high intensity primary beam required for different research experiments will be provided by the SIS100 heavy ion synchrotron. The synchrotron is composed of fast cycling superconducting magnets from which about 300 will be integrated in Quadrupole Doublet Modules (QDM). Each module consists of two units composed of a quadrupole and corrector magnets. The First of Series Quadrupole Doublet Module was delivered to the test facility at GSI in November 2019. The assembled doublet was subjected to a dedicated test program to verify the functionality of the module components at cryogenic temperature and operating conditions. The results obtained during the testing campaign will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB380

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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TUPAB383

Magnetic Field Performance of the First Serial Quadrupole Units for the SIS100 Synchrotron of FAIR

quadrupole, multipole, cryogenics, heavy-ion

2417

V.V. Borisov, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, B.Yu. Kondratiev, M.M. Shandov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
E.S. Fischer, M.A. Kashunin, S.A. Kostromin, I. Nikolaichuk, T. Parfylo, A.V. Shemchuk, D.A. Zolotykh
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The FAIR project is a new international accelerator complex, currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 is the main accelerator of the whole complex. It will provide high-intensity primary beams with a magnetic rigidity of 100 Tm and a maximum repetition rate up to 4 Hz. The series production and testing of superconducting quadrupole units began in 2020 at JINR, Dubna. The first batch of units was delivered to Germany in September 2020. Each unit is subjected to a comprehensive testing program both at ambient temperature and under cryogenic conditions. We present the performance characteristics of the first quadrupole units (consisting of a lattice quadrupole magnet and correcting magnet mechanically and hydraulically coupled to a quadrupole). The main attention is paid to the field quality of the series of 6 quadrupoles measured by the same probe.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB383

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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TUPAB402

Review of Technologies for Ion Therapy Accelerators

extraction, proton, linac, heavy-ion

2465

H.X.Q. Norman, R.B. Appleby, A.F. Steinberg
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
E. Benedetto
TERA, Novara, Italy
E. Benedetto, M. Sapinski
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
H.L. Owen
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H.L. Owen
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M. Sapinski
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
S.L. Sheehy
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Cancer therapy using protons and heavier ions such as carbon has demonstrated advantages over other radiotherapy treatments. To bring about the next generation of clinical facilities, the requirements are likely to reduce the footprint, obtain beam intensities above 1E10 particles per spill, and achieve faster extraction for more rapid, flexible treatment. This review follows the technical development of ion therapy, discussing how machine parameters have evolved, as well as trends emerging in technologies for novel treatments such as FLASH. To conclude, the future prospects of ion therapy accelerators are evaluated.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB402

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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WEPAB002

The Interaction Region of the Electron-Ion Collider EIC

electron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, detector

2574

H. Witte, J. Adam, M. Anerella, E.C. Aschenauer, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, W. Christie, J.P. Cozzolino, K.A. Drees, D.M. Gassner, K. Hamdi, C. Hetzel, H.M. Hocker, D. Holmes, A. Jentsch, A. Kiselev, P. Kovach, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, G.J. Mahler, A. Marone, G.T. McIntyre, C. Montag, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, S.R. Plate, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, C.E. Runyan, J. Schmalzle, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, Q. Wu, Z. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
B.R. Gamage, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, M.L. Stutzman, W. Wittmer
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This paper presents an overview of the Interaction Region (IR) design for the planned Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The IR is designed to meet the requirements of the nuclear physics community *. The IR design features a ±4.5 m free space for the detector; a forward spectrometer magnet is used for the detection of hadrons scattered under small angles. The hadrons are separated from the neutrons allowing detection of neutrons up to ±4 mrad. On the rear side, the electrons are separated from photons using a weak dipole magnet for the luminosity monitor and to detect scattered electrons (e-tagger). To avoid synchrotron radiation backgrounds in the detector no strong electron bending magnet is placed within 40 m upstream of the IP. The magnet apertures on the rear side are large enough to allow synchrotron radiation to pass through the magnets. The beam pipe has been optimized to reduce the impedance; the total power loss in the central vacuum chamber is expected to be less than 90 W. To reduce risk and cost the IR is designed to employ standard NbTi superconducting magnets, which are described in a separate paper.
* An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science. (2018). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25171

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB002

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB018

Space-Charge Effects in Ionization Beam Profile Monitors

proton, booster, space-charge, electron

2628

V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Ionization profile monitors (IPMs) are widely used in accelerators for non-destructive and fast diagnostics of high energy particle beams. At high beam intensities, the space-charge forces make the measured IPM profiles significantly different from those of the beams. We analyze dynamics of the secondaries in IPMs and develop an effective algorithm to reconstruct the beam sizes from the measured IPM profiles. Efficiency of the developed theory is illustrated in application to the Fermilab 8 GeV proton Booster IPMs.

Poster WEPAB018 [0.731 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB018

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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WEPAB083

Effect of Negative Momentum Compaction Operation on the Current-Dependent Bunch Length

operation, simulation, bunching, storage-ring

2786

P. Schreiber, T. Boltz, M. Brosi, B. Härer, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, A.I. Papash, R. Ruprecht, M. Schuh
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, Grant Agreement No 730871. P.S, T.B are supported by DFG-funded Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics.
New operation modes are often considered during the development of new synchrotron light sources. An understanding of the effects involved is inevitable for a successful operation of these schemes. At the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator), new modes can be implemented and tested at various energies, employing a variety of performant beam diagnostics devices. Negative momentum compaction optics at various energies have been established. Also, the influence of a negative momentum compaction factor on different effects has been investigated. This contribution comprises a short report on the status of the implementation of a negative momentum compaction optics at KARA. Additionally, first measurements of the changes to the current-dependent bunch length will be presented.

Poster WEPAB083 [1.129 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB083

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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WEPAB087

Observation of Undulator Radiation Generated by a Single Electron Circulating in a Storage Ring and Possible Applications

electron, radiation, photon, undulator

2790

I. Lobach
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A. Halavanau, Z. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
K. Kim
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

An experimental study into the undulator radiation, generated by a single electron was carried out at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab. The individual photons were detected by a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) at an average rate of 1 detection per 300 revolutions in the ring. The detection events were continuously recorded by a picosecond event timer for as long as 1 minute at a time. The collected data were used to test if there is any deviation from the classically predicted Poissonian photostatistics. It was motivated by the observation * of sub-Poissonian statistics in a similar experiment. The observation * could be an instrumentation effect related to low detection efficiency and long detector dead time. In our experiment, the detector (SPAD) has a much higher efficiency (65%) and a much lower dead time. In addition, we show that the collected data (recorded detection times) can be used to study the synchrotron motion of a single electron and infer some parameters of the ring. For example, by comparing the results of simulation and measurement for the synchrotron motion we were able to estimate the magnitude of the RF phase jitter.
* Teng Chen and John M. J. Madey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5906, June 2001

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB087

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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WEPAB088

Transverse Beam Emittance Measurement by Undulator Radiation Power Noise

radiation, emittance, undulator, optics

2794

I. Lobach
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A. Halavanau, Z. Huang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
K. Kim
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Generally, turn-to-turn power fluctuations of incoherent spontaneous synchrotron radiation in a storage ring depend on the 6D phase-space distribution of the electron bunch. In some cases, if only one parameter of the distribution is unknown, this parameter can be determined from the measured magnitude of these power fluctuations. In this contribution, we report the results of our experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring, where we carried out an absolute measurement (no free parameters or calibration) of a small vertical emittance (5–15 nm rms) of a flat beam by this new method, under conditions, when the small vertical emittance is unresolvable by a conventional synchrotron light beam size monitor.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB088

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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WEPAB089

Conceptual Design of Booster Synchrotron for Siam Photon Source II

booster, lattice, dipole, focusing

2795

S. Krainara, S. Klinkhieo, P. Klysubun, T. Pulampong, P. Sudmuang
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Funding: Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public organization)
A project on a 3.0 GeV Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) has been started. The storage ring of SPS-II was designed to obtain an electron beam with a low-emittance below 1 nm-rad. The SPS-II injector mainly consists of a 150 MeV linac and a full-energy booster synchrotron. The booster synchrotron will be installed in the same tunnel as the storage ring, with a total circumference of 304.829 meters. The proposed lattice of the booster contains 40 modified FODO cells with combined function magnets. This lattice achieves a small beam emittance less than 10 nm-rad at 3 GeV, which can provide a high injection efficiency for top-up operation. The conceptual design for SPS-II booster synchrotron is presented in this work.

Poster WEPAB089 [1.187 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB089

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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WEPAB128

Recent Experience with Magnet Sorting for APS-U Hybrid Undulators

undulator, quadrupole, photon, permanent-magnet

2910

I. Vasserman, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The quality of permanent magnets plays a particularly important role in undulator performance. Many different types of magnet sorting to enhance undulator performance have been carried out at different facilities. Meanwhile, progress in improving magnet quality has been made by different vendors. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) we have assembled, measured, and analyzed over 14 new undulators of the same mechanical design, some of them with sorted magnets and some unsorted. The performance differences appear to be insignificant in meeting the tight APS Upgrade (APS-U) undulator requirements.

Poster WEPAB128 [0.395 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB128

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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WEPAB179

Recent Status of J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

operation, shielding, injection, proton

3027

K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) at the Ja-pan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) provides more than 500 kW beams to the Material and Life Science Facility (MLF) and Main Ring (MR). In such a high-intensity hadron accelerator, even losing less than 0.1% of the beam can cause many problems. Such lost protons can cause serious radio-activation and accelerator component malfunctions. Therefore, we have been continuing a beam study to achieve high-power operation. In addition, we have also improved and maintained the accelerator components to enable stable operation. This paper reports the status of the J-PARC RCS over the last two years.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB179

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paper received ※ 13 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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WEPAB198

Beam Dynamics Design of a Synchrotron Injector with Laser-Accelerated Ions

laser, emittance, quadrupole, simulation

3085

M.Z. Tuo, X. Guan, W. Lu, P.F. Ma, Y. Wan, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, H.J. Yao, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

We present, in this paper, the beam dynamics design of a linac injector with laser-accelerated carbon-ions for a medical synchrotron. In the design, the initial transverse divergence is reduced by two apertures. The beam is focused transversely through a quadrupole triplet lens downstream the apertures. The output energy spread of the extracted beam at the exit of the injector is compressed from ±6% to ±0.6% by a debuncher and a bend magnet system to meet the injection requirement for the synchrotron. By changing the width of imaging slit of the bend magnet system, the beam with energy of 4±0.024 MeV/u is extracted, and the particle number per shot and transverse emittances of the beam at the exit of the injector can be regulated through adjusting the slit height. The dynamics design can pave the way for the future concept research of the synchrotron injector.

Poster WEPAB198 [1.034 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB198

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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WEPAB205

XiPAF Synchrotron Slow Extraction Commissioning

extraction, experiment, proton, sextupole

3106

W.B. Ye, X. Guan, Y. Li, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Yang, H.J. Yao, H.J. Zeng, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.L. Liu, D. Wang, M.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

Xi’an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF) is a project to fulfill the need for the experimental simulation of the space radiation environment. It comprises a 7 MeV H⁻ linac, a 60~230 MeV proton synchrotron, and experimental stations. Slow extraction commissioning for 60 MeV proton beam in XiPAF synchrotron has been finished. After commissioning, the maximal experiment extraction efficiency with the RF-knockout (RF-KO) method can up to 85%. The reason for beam loss has been analyzed and presented in this paper. Besides, an experiment of multiple energy extraction has been conducted in XiPAF synchrotron. The proton beams of 3 different energies were successfully extracted in 1.54 s.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB205

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB222

Impedance Evaluation of Masks in the HEPS Storage Ring

impedance, resonance, wakefield, radiation

3145

N. Wang, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
J.Q. Wang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Masks are commonly used in photon light sources to protect sensitive elements from synchrotron radiations. In the ultra-low emittance rings, small aperture vacuum chambers are adopted in order to reach the very high gradient in the quadrupoles, while many masks are required due to the high radiation power density. Therefore, the impedance of the masks becomes one of the dominant contributors to the impedance budget. In this paper, the impedance is evaluated among different mask designs. Meanwhile, the impedance cross-talk between adjacent masks is discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB222

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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WEPAB227

Mechanism of Longitudinal Single-Bunch Instability in the CERN SPS

impedance, simulation, coupling, emittance

3161

I. Karpov
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Gadioux
UCD, Dublin, Ireland

Understanding the origin of beam instabilities is essential for reaching the highest performance of proton synchrotrons. In the present work, the Oide-Yokoya eigenvalue method of solving the linearised Vlasov equation was used to shed light on the mechanism of longitudinal single-bunch instability in the CERN SPS. In particular, semi-analytical calculations were done for the full longitudinal impedance model, taking into account the RF nonlinearity. The obtained results agree well with macro-particle simulations and are consistent with available beam measurements. For the first time, the instability has been interpreted as a coupling of radial modes within a single azimuthal mode, due to a strong potential-well distortion of the synchrotron-frequency distribution. To avoid this instability, a higher RF voltage is required at a given emittance. Thus, the instability mechanism is very different from the loss of Landau damping, which, in contrast, is mitigated by a lower RF voltage. This understanding also allowed us to optimise the RF voltage programmes during the acceleration cycle for high-intensity bunches used in the AWAKE experiment at CERN.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB227

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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WEPAB233

Excitation of Micro-Bunching in Short Electron Bunches Using RF Amplitude Modulation

bunching, electron, radiation, experiment

3173

T. Boltz, E. Blomley, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, B. Härer, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh, M. Yan
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

In its short-bunch operation mode, the KIT storage ring KARA provides picosecond-long electron bunches, which emit coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) up to the terahertz frequency range. Due to the high spatial compression under these conditions, the self-interaction of the bunch with its own emitted CSR induces a wake-field, which significantly influences the longitudinal charge distribution. Above a given threshold current, this leads to the formation of dynamically evolving micro-structures within the bunch and is thus called micro-bunching instability. As CSR is emitted at wavelengths corresponding to the spatial dimension of the emitter, these small structures lead to an increased emission of CSR at higher frequencies. The instability is therefore deliberately induced at KARA to provide intense THz radiation to dedicated experiments. To further increase the emitted power in the desired frequency range, we consider the potential of RF amplitude modulations to intentionally excite this form of micro-bunching in short electron bunches. This work is supported by the BMBF project 05K19VKC TiMo (Federal Ministry of Education and Research).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB233

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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WEPAB240

Increasing the Single-Bunch Instability Threshold by Bunch Splitting Due to RF Phase Modulation

radiation, detector, electron, synchrotron-radiation

3193

J.L. Steinmann, E. Blomley, M. Brosi, E. Bründermann, A. Mochihashi, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, P. Schönfeldt
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: This work is funded by the BMBF contract number: 05K16VKA.
RF phase modulation at twice the synchrotron frequency can be used to split a stored electron bunch into two or more bunchlets orbiting each other. We report on time-resolved measurements at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), where this bunch splitting was used to increase the threshold current of the microbunching instability, happening in the short-bunch operation mode. Turning the modulation on and off reproducibly affects the sawtooth behavior of the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB240

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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WEPAB246

Influence of Different Beam Energies on the Micro-Bunching Instability

bunching, damping, radiation, operation

3209

M. Brosi, A.-S. Müller, P. Schreiber, M. Schuh
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

During the operation of an electron synchrotron with short electron bunches, the beam dynamics are influenced by the occurrence of the micro-bunching instability. This collective instability is caused by the self-interaction of a short electron bunch with its own emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). Above a certain threshold bunch current dynamic micro-structures start to occur on the longitudinal phase space density. The resulting dynamics depend on various parameters and were previously investigated in relation to, amongst others, the momentum compaction factor and the acceleration voltage. In this contribution, the influence of the energy of the electrons on the dynamics of the micro-bunching instability is studied based on measurements at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB246

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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WEPAB250

Interplay Between Space Charge, Intra-Beam Scattering, and Synchrotron Radiation Effects

resonance, emittance, space-charge, damping

3220

M. Zampetakis, F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Zampetakis
University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

The objective of this research is to study the interplay of synchrotron radiation, intra-beam scattering, and space charge in the vicinity of excited resonances. In this respect, two modules were developed to simulate intra-beam scattering and synchrotron radiation effects and plugged into pyORBIT to be used together with its space charge module. Different regimes of synchrotron motion were used to study the response of the beam to a lattice resonance when space charge, intra-beam scattering and synchrotron radiation are present.

Poster WEPAB250 [0.536 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB250

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 July 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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WEPAB263

Complex Unit Lattice Cell for Low-Emittance Synchrotrons

lattice, sextupole, emittance, focusing

3254

Z.L. Ren, Z.H. Bai, J.J. Tan, L. Wang, H. Xu, P.H. Yang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

To reach the real diffraction-limited emittance, it is generally required to increase the number of bends in multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattices that are used in the designs of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources. For an MBA lattice with distributed chromatic correction, more bends mean much tighter space and much stronger magnets. Inspired by the hybrid MBA lattice concept, in this paper we propose a new lattice concept called complex unit lattice cell, which can save space and reduce magnet strengths. A 17BA lattice based on the complex unit cell concept is designed for a 3 GeV synchrotron light source with a circumference of 537.6 m, which reaches a natural emittance of about 21 pm·rad. Comparison is also made between this 17BA lattice and the 17BA lattice with distributed chromatic correction to demonstrate the merit of the complex unit cell concept.

Poster WEPAB263 [1.279 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB263

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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WEPAB317

Online Model Developments for BESSY II and MLS

controls, EPICS, MMI, kicker

3413

P. Schnizer, J. Bengtsson, T. Birke, J. Li, T. Mertens, M. Ries, A. Schälicke, L. Vera Ramirez
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Digital models have been developed over a long time for preparing accelerator commissioning next to benchmarking theory predictions to machine measurements. These digital models are nowadays being realized as digital shadows or digital twins. Accelerator commissioning requires periodic setup and review of the machine status. Furthermore, different measurements are only practical by comparison to the machine model (e.g. beam based alignment). In this paper we describe the architecture chosen for our models, describe the framework Bluesky for measurement orchestration and report on our experience exemplifying on dynamic aperture scans. Furthermore we describe our plans to extend the models applied to BESSY~II and MLS to the currently planned machines BESSY~III and MLS~II.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB317

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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WEPAB330

A Multirange Low Noise Transimpedance Amplifier for Sirius Beamlines

impedance, feedback, operation, FEM

3447

L.Y. Tanio, F.H. Cardoso, M.M. Donatti
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

In a typical synchrotron beamline, the interaction of photon beams with different materials generates free electric charges in devices such as ionization chambers, photodiodes, or even isolated metallic structures (e.g., blades, blocks, foils, wires). These free charges can be measured as electric current to diagnose the photon beam intensity, profile, position, or stability. Sirius, the new 3GeV fourth-generation Brazilian light source, may accommodate up to 38 beamlines, which combined will make use of hundreds of instruments to measure such low-intensity signals. This work reports on the design and test results of a transimpedance amplifier developed for low current measurements at Sirius’ beamlines. The device presents low noise, high accuracy, and good temperature stability providing 5 selectable ranges (from 500pA to 7.3mA) to measure bipolar currents achieving femtoampere resolution under certain conditions. Considering low bandwidth applications, the results suggest noise performance comparable to commercial bench instruments. Additionally, the project definitions and plans for the development of a family of low current ammeters will be discussed.

Poster WEPAB330 [2.642 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB330

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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WEPAB331

Application of KALYPSO as a Diagnostic Tool for Beam and Spectral Analysis

electron, detector, laser, experiment

3451

M.M. Patil, E. Bründermann, M. Caselle, A. Ebersoldt, S. Funkner, B. Kehrer, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, G. Niehues, J.L. Steinmann, M. Weber, C. Widmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the BMBF project 05K19VKD STARTRAC and DFG-funded Doctoral School ’Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology’
KALYPSO is a novel detector capable of operating at frame rates up to 12 MHz developed and tested at the institute of data processing and electronics (IPE) and employed at Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) which is part of the Test Facility and Synchrotron Radiation Source KIT. This detector consists of silicon, InGaAs, PbS, or PbSe line array sensor with spectral sensitivity from 350 nm to 5000 nm. The unprecedented frame rate of this detector is achieved by a custom-designed ASIC readout chip. The FPGA-readout architecture enables continuous data acquisition and real-time data processing. Such a detector has various applications in the fields of beam diagnostics and spectral analysis. KALYPSO is currently employed at various synchrotron facilities for electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) to study the longitudinal profile of the electron beam, to study the energy spread of the electron beam, tuning of free-electron lasers (FELs), and also in characterizing laser spectra. This contribution will present an overview of the results from the mentioned applications.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB331

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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WEPAB335

Aluminum Vacuum Chamber for the Sirius DELTA 52 Undulator

vacuum, undulator, storage-ring, emittance

3463

T.M. Rocha, O.R. Bagnato, R.O. Ferraz, H.G. Filho, P.P.S. Freitas, G.R. Gomes, P.H. Lima, R.F. Oliveira, B.M. Ramos, F. Rodrigues, R.M. Seraphim, D.R. Silva, M.B. Silva
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Sirius is a 3 GeV fourth generation synchrotron light source under commissioning by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Delta Undulators with magnet vertical aperture of 13.6 mm, and period of 52.5 mm will be used for the generation of soft X rays to photoemission spectroscopy and X ray absorption experiments. Extruded aluminum vacuum chambers having small vertical aperture of 7.6 mm and horizontal aperture of 13 mm is proposed. This paper details the design and manufacturing processes of a complete chamber. Challenges regarding the TIG welding for aluminum and NEG coating for small aperture chambers will also be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB335

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 19 July 2021 issue date ※ 20 August 2021

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WEPAB353

Design and Commissioning of a Multipole Injection Kicker for the SOLEIL Storage Ring

injection, kicker, storage-ring, operation

3525

R. Ollier, P. Alexandre, R. Ben El Fekih, L.S. Nadolski
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

In third-generation synchrotron light sources, achieving an orbit distortion below 10% of the stored beam size is very challenging. The standard injection scheme of SOLEIL is made of 2 septa and 4 kicker magnets installed in a 12 m long straight section. Tuning the 4 kickers, to reduce perturbations, revealed to be almost impossible since it requires having 4 identical magnets, electronics, and Ti coated ceramic chambers. To reach the position stability requirement of the stored beam, a single pulsed magnet with no field on the stored beam path can replace the 4 kickers. Such a device, called MIK (Multipole Injection Kicker), was developed by SOLEIL and successfully commissioned in the MAX-IV 3-GeV ring as the key device used in the standard injection scheme for user operation, reducing the beam orbit distortion below 1 micron in peak value in both planes. A copy of the MIK has been installed in a short straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring, in January 2021. We report MIK positioning studies, the constraints of the project, sapphire chamber coating challenges and the first commissioning results. The R&D MIK is a demonstrator for the injection scheme of SOLEIL upgrade as well.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB353

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paper received ※ 21 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB410

Finite Element Analyses of Synchrotron Radiation Induced Stress in Beryllium Synch-Light Mirrors

dipole, simulation, scattering, operation

3664

Y. Lushtak, Y. Li, A. Lyndaker
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Air Force Research Laboratory Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Institute of General Medical Sciences Empire State Development - NYSTAR
Mirrors made of high purity beryllium are used in particle accelerators to extract synchrotron radiation (SR) in the visible range for transverse and longitudinal particle beam profile measurements. Be is a high-strength, high thermal conductivity material. As a low-Z metal, it allows high-energy photons to penetrate the mirror body, so that majority of the SR power is dissipated, resulting in a significantly reduced thermal stress and distortion on the mirror surface. In this paper, we describe a Finite Element Analysis method of accurately simulating the SR-induced thermal stress on the beryllium mirrors at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring at various particle beam conditions. The simulations consider the energy dependence of X-ray attenuation in beryllium. The depth-dependent distribution of the power absorbed by the mirror is represented by separate heating zones within the mirror model. The results help set the operational safety limit for the mirrors-ensuring that the SR-induced thermal stress is below the elastic deformation limit and estimate the mirror surface distortion at high beam currents. The simulated surface distortion is consistent with optical measurements.

Poster WEPAB410 [0.942 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB410

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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THXA05

A Fast Method of 2D Calculation of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Wakefield in Relativistic Beams

radiation, electron, dipole, synchrotron-radiation

3696

J. Tang, Z. Huang, G. Stupakov
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) is regarded as one of the most important reasons that limit beam brightness in modern accelerators. CSR wakefield is often computed in a 1D assuming a line charge, which can become invalid when the beam has a large transverse extension and small bunch length. On the other hand, the existing 2D or 3D codes are often computationally inefficient or incomplete. In our previous work * we developed a new model for fast computation of 2D CSR wakefield in relativistic beams with Gaussian distribution. Here we further generalize this model to achieve self-consistent computation compatible with arbitrary beam distribution and nonlinear magnetic lattice with particle tracking. These new features can enable us to perform realistic simulations and study the physics of CSR beyond 1D in electron beams with extreme short bunch length and high peak current.
* J. Tang and G. Stupakov. NAPAC2019, paper WEPLS09 (2019).

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXA05

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THXA07

Driven 3D Beam Oscillations for Optics Measurements in Synchrotrons

optics, dipole, betatron, emittance

3704

L. Malina, J.M. Coello de Portugal, H. Timko, R. Tomás García
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Optics measurements in storage rings employ turn-by-turn data of transversely excited beams. Traditionally, to measure chromatic properties, the relative momentum is changed step-wise, which is time-consuming and almost impractical during the energy ramp. We present an optics measurement method based on adiabatic simultaneous 3-dimensional beam excitation, which is more time-efficient and well fitted for the energy ramp. This method was successfully demonstrated in the LHC utilising AC-dipoles in combination either with a slow RF-frequency modulation or a driven RF-phase modulation close to the synchrotron frequency. Faster longitudinal oscillations improve the accuracy of optics parameters inferred from the synchro-betatron sidebands. This paper reports on the experimental demonstration of optics measurements based on 3D driven beam excitations and the plans for LHC Run 3.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXA07

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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THXB01

3D Tracking of a Single Electron in IOTA

electron, experiment, storage-ring, radiation

3708

A.L. Romanov, S. Nagaitsev, J.K. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
N. Kuklev, I. Lobach
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

High-resolution observations of single-particle dynamics have potential as a powerful tool in the diagnostics, tuning and design of storage rings. We are presenting the results of experiments with single electrons that were conducted at Fermilab’s IOTA ring to explore the feasibility of this approach. A set of sensitive, high-resolution digital cameras was used to detect the synchrotron radiation emitted by an electron, and the resulting images were used to reconstruct the time evolution of oscillation amplitudes in all three degrees of freedom. From the evolution of the oscillation amplitudes, we deduce transverse emittances, momentum spread, damping times, beam energy and estimated residual-gas density and composition. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the dynamics of a single particle in a storage ring has been tracked in all three dimensions. We discuss farther development of a single particle diagnostics that may allow reconstruction of its turn-by-turn coordinates over macroscopic periods of time facilitating ultra-precise lattice diagnostics and direct benchmarking of tracking codes.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXB01

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paper received ※ 24 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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THXB04

Non-Invasive Dispersion Function Measurement during Light Source Operations

operation, lattice, storage-ring, emittance

3720

B. Podobedov, Y. Hidaka
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We implemented a completely parasitic measurement of lattice dispersion functions in both horizontal and vertical planes, which is fully compatible with light source user operations. The measurement is performed by applying principal component analysis and adaptive filtering to very small residual orbit noise components introduced by the RF system and detected in the beam orbit data, sampled at 10 kHz. No changes in RF frequency are required. The measurement, performed once a minute, was shown to be robust and immune to changes in the beam current, residual orbit noise amplitude and frequency content as well as other factors. At low current it was shown to provide similar accuracy to the traditional method (which shifts the 500 MHz RF frequency by ±500 Hz). In this paper we will explain our measurement technique and present typical dispersion function stability achieved during NSLS-II operations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THXB04

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paper received ※ 26 June 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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THPAB056

Conceptual Design of a Multiple Period Staggered Undulator

undulator, solenoid, radiation, electron

3879

I. Asparuhov, J. Chavanne, G. Le Bec
ESRF, Grenoble, France

In staggered undulators, a ferromagnetic pole structure paired to a solenoid generates a sinusoidal field. Interest of such insertion devices has been studied for application to FEL systems in the end of the previous century. However, the concept has never been used in synchrotron radiation sources due to the undesirable magnetic effect of the solenoid on electron beam parameters in storage rings. Advent of fourth-generation low emittance light sources is foreseen to change this situation. Indeed, consequent electron beam transverse size and divergence reduction for such new storage rings give promise for a beam less sensitive to the presence of a longitudinal solenoidal field. Relating to this, a staggered concept can be an adequate design choice for short-period undulators producing high-energy photon flux. Such undulators would have a low K value a priori limiting their photon energy tunability. Considering integration of separate magnetic arrays of distinct periods in a solenoid to compose a global assembly can help suppress this possible drawback. Magnetic design and radiative performance of such an insertion device are presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB056

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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THPAB061

Pulse-Burst CO₂ Laser for High-Brilliance Compton Light Sources

laser, photon, electron, brightness

3890

I. Pogorelsky, M.N. Polyanskiy, T.V. Shaftan
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-SC0012704
We propose a novel architecture for a mid-IR, high-repetition, kilowatt-class, CO₂ laser system operating in a pulse-burst regime and its implementation in In-verse Compton Scattering (ICS) sources of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation. Different types of particle accelerators are considered for conversion to such ICS sources, including energy recovery linacs and synchrotron storage rings. The expected ICS performance parameters are compared with earlier proposals where CBETA and DAΦNE accelerators have been paired with near-IR, mode-locked solid-state lasers operating at a multi-megahertz repetition rate. A considerable increase in acting laser energy attainable in our CO₂ laser-based scheme, combined with an order of magnitude higher number of laser photons per Joule of energy allows maintaining a similarly high average flux of produced hard x-rays while the peak flux and brilliance will be raised by three to four orders of magnitude compared to aforementioned schemes based on near-IR lasers.

Poster THPAB061 [1.082 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB061

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

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THPAB064

LUMOS: A Visible Diagnostic Beamline for the Solaris Storage Ring

diagnostics, electron, emittance, storage-ring

3901

R. Panaś, A. Curcio, A.I. Wawrzyniak
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland

LUMOS is a diagnostic beamline which operates in the visible region. It was installed in the Solaris storage ring during summer 2019. The first light was observed at the beginning of December 2019. During 2020 the beamline was commissioned and equipped with a streak camera setup. Currently, LUMOS allows to analyze far-field and near field images of synchrotron light for transverse beam profile measurements. Moreover, using the streak camera setup, it is also possible to investigate the bunch length, the filling pattern and the longitudinal beam profile changes with respect to the different condition (ramping, 3rd harmonic cavities tuning, etc.). During the presentation the optical setup to be presented along with the measurements conducted with it.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB064

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 July 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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THPAB065

Experimental Verification of the Source of Excessive Helical SCU Heat Load at APS

vacuum, radiation, photon, synchrotron-radiation

3904

V. Sajaev, J.C. Dooling, K.C. Harkay
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Immediately after the installation of the Helical superconducting undulator (HSCU) in the APS storage ring, higher than expected heating was observed in the cryogenic cooling system. Steering the electron beam orbit in the upstream dipole reduced the amount of synchrotron radiation reaching into the HSCU and allowed the device to properly cool and operate. The simplest explanation of the excessive heat load was higher than expected heat transfer from the vacuum chamber to the magnet coils. However, modeling of the synchrotron radiation interaction with the HSCU vacuum chamber showed that Compton scattering could also result in synchrotron radiation penetrating the vacuum chamber and depositing energy directly into the HSCU coils**. In this paper, we present experimental evidence that the excessive heat load of the HSCU coils is not caused by the heat transfer from the vacuum chamber but resulted from the synchrotron radiation penetrating the vacuum chamber.
* M. Kasa et. al., Phys. Rev. AB, v. 23 050701 (2020)
** J. Dooling et. al., IPAC 2019 Proc., THPTS093 (2019)

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB065

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 September 2021 issue date ※ 16 August 2021

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THPAB067

Simulation of the APS-U Orbit Motion Due to RF Noise

simulation, resonance, cavity, photon

3911

V. Sajaev
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
APS Upgrade storage ring will keep the same rf system that is presently used at APS. This rf system has amplitude and phase noise dominated by the lines at 60, 180, and 360 Hz. APS presently operates with synchrotron frequency close to 2 kHz, which is far away from the rf noise frequencies, and still the rf system noise contributes over 2 micrometers rms into the horizontal orbit noise due to beam energy variation. APS-U will operate with a bunch-lengthening cavity, which will lower the synchrotron frequency down to about 200 Hz. This could potentially lead to large orbit noise and other negative consequences due to energy variation caused by the rf system noise. In this paper, we will present simulations of the rf noise-induced orbit motion at APS and APS-U and define the rf amplitude and phase noise requirements that need to be achieved for APS-U operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB067

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paper received ※ 12 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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THPAB076

Effects of Chromaticity and Synchrotron Emission on Coupled-Bunch Transverse Stability

damping, simulation, wakefield, coupling

3937

R.R. Lindberg
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
We present a theory that can compute the transverse coupled-bunch instability growth rates at any chromaticity and for any longitudinal potential provided only that the long-range wakefield varies slowly over the bunch. The theory is expressed in terms of the usual coupled-bunch eigenvalues at zero chromaticity, and when the longitudinal motion is simple harmonic our solution only requires numerical root-finding that is easy to implement and fast to solve; the more general case requires some additional calculations but is still relatively fast. The theory predicts that the coupled-bunch growth rates can be significantly reduced when the chromatic betatron tune spread is larger than the coupled-bunch growth rate at zero chromaticity. Our theoretical results are compared favorably with tracking simulations for the long-range resistive wall instability, and we also indicate how damping and diffusion from synchrotron emission can further reduce or even stabilize the dynamics.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB076

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021 issue date ※ 26 August 2021

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THPAB078

SOLEIL Update Status

controls, photon, injection, vacuum

3945

L.S. Nadolski, G. Abeillé, Y.-M. Abiven, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, I. Chado, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, A. Gamelin, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, J.-F. Lamarre, V. Leroux, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, S. Pierre-Joseph Zéphir, F. Ribeiro, G. Schagene, K. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

SOLEIL is both a synchrotron light source and a research laboratory at the cutting edge of experimental techniques dedicated to matter analysis down to the atomic scale, as well as a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. This French 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source provides today extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines (BLs) complementary to ESRF. We report facility performance, ongoing projects and recent major achievements. Major R&D areas will also be discussed, and progress towards a lattice baseline for making SOLEIL a diffraction limited storage ring.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB078

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paper received ※ 22 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021 issue date ※ 22 August 2021

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THPAB079

Design Study on Beam Size Measurement System Using SR Interferometry for Low Beam Current

electron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, storage-ring

3949

W. Li, P. Liu, Y.K. Wu, J. Yan
FEL/Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Funding: This work is supported in part by the US DOE grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
To enable reliable measurements of the small vertical size of the electron beam in the Duke storage ring, a measurement system is being developed using synchrotron radiation interferometry (SRI). By relating the transverse beam size to the transverse spatial coherence of synchrotron radiation from a dipole magnet according to the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem, the transverse beam size can be inferred by recording and fitting the interference fringe as a function of the characteristic features of the interference filter used. In this paper, we describe the preliminary design of such a measurement system and present design considerations to make it possible to measure the electron beam vertical size for a wide range of electron beam energies and currents. Especially this system will be optimized to measure the electron beam size for low current operation down to 50 to 100~μA. This beam size measurement system will be used as an important beam diagnostic for the intrabeam scattering research at the Duke storage ring.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB079

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paper received ※ 27 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 12 July 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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THPAB080

Correcting the Magnetic Field Offsets Inside the Undulators of the EuXFEL Using the K-Monochromator

undulator, FEL, radiation, electron

3953

F. Brinker
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Casalbuoni, W. Freund
EuXFEL, Schenefeld, Germany

Hard X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) generate intense coherent X-ray beams by passing electrons through undulators, i.e. very long periodic magnet structures, which extend over hundreds of meters. A crucial condition for the lasing process is the spatial overlap of the electrons with the electromagnetic field. Well-established electron beam-based procedures allow finding a straight trajectory for the electrons defined by the beam position monitors (BPM) between the undulators. A bending of the trajectory in between the BPMs cannot be seen by these methods. A general field offset inside the undulators has the effect that the synchrotron radiation is emitted at a different angle at the beginning and the end of the undulator which can result in a degradation of the FEL-gain especially for very short wavelengths. We report on how the spectral and spatial characteristics of the monochromatized radiation of a single undulator can be used to minimize the field offset in situ with the help of correction coils.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB080

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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THPAB198

Commissioning of Current Strips for Elliptically Polarizing Undulators at NSLS-II

MMI, undulator, insertion, insertion-device

4160

Y. Hidaka, O.V. Chubar, T. Tanabe
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
C.A. Kitégi
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
Most of the Elliptically Polarizing Undulators (EPUs) at NSLS-II are equipped with current strips (or flat wires), attached to their vacuum chambers. These strips compensate the dynamic field integrals of the EPU to minimize undesirable nonlinear beam dynamics effect that can lead to reduction in injection efficiency and beam lifetime. For each EPU, we measured the field integrals of the insertion device alone, the current strips alone, and both, while creating horizontal bumps of different amplitudes at the straight section to assess the effectiveness of the compensation provided by the design current values for the strips. The commissioning results of these current strips are reported in this article.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB198

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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THPAB202

Problem and Solution with the Longitudinal Tracking of the ORBIT Code

simulation, acceleration, emittance, space-charge

4176

L.H. Zhang, J.Y. Tang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y.K. Chen
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
L.H. Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The ORBIT code has been widely used for beam dynamics simulations including injection and acceleration in high-intensity hadron synchrotrons. When the ORBIT’s 1D longitudinal tracking was employed for the acceleration process in CSNS/RCS, the longitudinal emittance in eV-s was found decreasing substantially during acceleration, though the adiabatic condition is still met during this process. This is against the Liouville theorem that predicts the preservation of the emittance during acceleration. The recent machine study in the accelerator and the simulations with a self-made code demonstrate that the longitudinal emittance is almost invariant, which further indicates that the ORBIT longitudinal tracking might be incorrect. A detailed check-over in the ORBIT code source finds that the longitudinal finite difference equation used in the code is erroneous when applied to an acceleration process. The new code format PyORBIT has the same problem. After the small secondary factor is included in the code, ORBIT can produce results keeping the longitudinal emittance invariant. This paper presents some details about the study.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB202

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THPAB207

Beam Dynamics Simulation about the Dual Harmonic System by PyORBIT

simulation, bunching, acceleration, space-charge

4194

H.Y. Liu, X.Y. Feng, L. Huang, M.T. Li, X.H. Lu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The space charge effect is a strong limitation in high-intensity accelerators, especially for low- and medium-energy proton synchrotrons. And for CSNS-II, the number of particles in the RCS is 3.9·10¹³ ppp, which is five times of CSNS. To mitigate the effects of the strong space charge effect, CSNS-II/RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) will use a dual harmonic system to increase the bunching factor during the injection and the initial acceleration phase. For studying the beam dynamics involved in a dual harmonic RF system, PyORBIT is used as the major simulation code, which is developed at SNS to simulate beam dynamics in accumulation rings and synchrotrons. We modified parts of the code to make it applicable to the beam dynamic in RCS. This paper includes the major code modification of the Dual Harmonic RF system and some benchmark results. The preliminary simulation results of the dual-harmonic system in CSNS-II/RCS simulated by the particle tracking code PyORBIT will also be discussed.

Poster THPAB207 [0.354 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB207

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 11 August 2021

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THPAB209

Tracking Complex Re-Circulating Machines with PLACET2

wakefield, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, electron

4197

R.A.J. Costa, A. Latina
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We present the latest version of the multi-particle tracking package PLACET2. This software was designed to track multiple electron bunches through re-circulating machines with complex topologies, such as the recombination complex of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), energy-recovery linacs such as the Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC), racetracks and others. This update also expands the capabilities of PLACET2 to track heavier particles such as muons. In addition to simulation, PLACET2 was also developed to allow beamline optimization scans, evaluating beam properties and tuning the beamline parameters at runtime either standalone or accessing the optimization tools present in the Octave and Python packages, with which it interfaces. This paper presents and benchmarks PLACET2’s latest features, such as coherent and incoherent synchrotron radiation, long and short wakefields and power extraction.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB209

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 13 July 2021 issue date ※ 27 August 2021

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THPAB276

X-Ray Double Slit Interferometer Progress at CLS

simulation, storage-ring, emittance, photon

4349

N.A. Simonson, Y. Yousefi Sigari
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
M.J. Boland
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is a 3rd generation synchrotron that is used to produce extremely bright synchrotron light that can be used for research. The light at the CLS is produced by an electron storage ring that has an emittance of 20 nm. A 4th generation synchrotron (CLS2) is planned which will reduce the emittance to less than 1 nm and thus reduce the transverse beam size significantly, making it very challenging to measure. A double slit interferometer can be used to measure small transverse beam sizes, as first described by Mitsuhashi. An x-ray double slit interferometer will be designed and tested at the current CLS with the goal of using this setup at CLS2.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB276

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021 issue date ※ 01 September 2021

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THPAB300

Structure Design and Motion Analysis of 6-DOF Sample Positioning Platform

controls, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, GUI

4387

G.Y. Wang, J.X. Chen, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, J.B. Yu, Y.J. Yu, J.S. Zhang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
L. Kang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

with the development of synchrotron radiation (SR) light source technology, in order to meet the requirements of sample positioning platform of some beamline stations, such as adjusting resolution at the nanometer level and having larger sample scanning distance, a six degree of freedom positioning platform based on spacefab structure was developed. The key technologies such as coordinate parameter transformation, kinematics analysis, and adjustment decoupling algorithm of 6-DOF pose adjustment system of SpaceFAB positioning platform are mainly studied. A 6-DOF platform driven by a stepping motor is designed and manufactured. The control system of the 6-DOF Platform Based on bus control is developed, and the adjustment accuracy is tested. The repeated positioning accuracy of the platform in three directions is 0.019 mm, and that of rotation is 0.011 ° in three directions. The test results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis of SpaceFAB structure and the rationality of mechanism design. The research on the platform motion algorithm and control system has important reference value for the follow-up research of large stroke nano-6-dof positioning platform.

Poster THPAB300 [1.517 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB300

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 06 July 2021 issue date ※ 02 September 2021

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THPAB317

Experiment and Simulation Study on the Capture and Acceleration Process of XiPAF Synchrotron

acceleration, experiment, cavity, proton

4409

Y. Li, X. Guan, X.Y. Liu, M.W. Wang, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, Y. Yang, H.J. Yao, W.B. Ye, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
W.L. Liu, D. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, M.T. Zhao
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

The beam commissioning of the capture and acceleration process on the XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) synchrotron has been carried out. The efficiency of the experiment results has been compared with the simulation results. At present, the efficiency of the capture process with single-harmonic is about 73%, and the acceleration efficiency is about 82%, and the simulation results are 77% and 96% without space charge effect, respectively. In order to improve efficiency, dual-harmonic was used during the capture and acceleration process. During the experiment, the capture efficiency was increased by 5%, and the acceleration efficiency was increased by 4%. The capture efficiency decreases with the increase of the maximum RF voltages. We analyzed the reasons for the decrease in capture efficiency. In the next step, further verification will be carried out through experiments under different conditions.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB317

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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THPAB318

Uniformization of the Transverse Beam Profile with Nonlinear Magnet

target, HOM, radiation, extraction

4413

Y. Li, X. Guan, X.Y. Liu, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, Y. Yang, H.J. Yao, W.B. Ye, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y. Yang
NINT, Shannxi, People’s Republic of China

The beam generated after slow extraction of the synchrotron is always not uniform and asymmetrical in transverse distribution. In practice, radiation therapy or radiation irradiation requires a high degree of uniformity of beam spot. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the beam distribution with a nonlinear magnet and other elements on the transport line from synchrotron ring to beam target station. Nonlinear magnet has high requirements on beam quality. Before passing through the nonlinear magnet field, the beam center can be adjusted by taking advantage of the gradient change distribution of the nonlinear magnet’s transverse field map to achieve uniform distribution at the target station. As an example, we use the parameters of heavy ions of XiPAF (Xi’an 200MeV Proton Application Facility) to simulate the beam transport from synchrotron ring to beam target station.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB318

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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