• F. Schmidt
  CERN, Geneva

• J. Bengtsson
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Given the following frameworks: "A Hamiltonian-Free Description of Single Particle Dynamics for Hopelessly Complex Periodic Systems" (Forest, 1990), "Normal Form Methods for Complicated Periodic Systems" (Forest, Berz, Irwin, 1989), "The Correct Local Description for Tracking in Rings" (Forest, 1994), "The C++ Programming Language" (Stroustrup, 1985), we have designed a compact object oriented beam dynamics class by re-using existing FORTRAN libraries for: Truncated Power Series Algebra (Berz, SSC, 1988), and Map Normal Rorm (Forest, CBP, LBNL, 1990). In other words, implemented a numerical- and analytical model for: 6-dim phase space tracking, with classical radiation, and evaluation of equilibrium emittance, driving terms, amplitude dependent tune shifts, chromaticity, momentum compaction, etc., to arbitrary order, with self-consistent treatment of magnet errors. The tool was developed for the lattice design of NSLS-II.

• L.-H. Chang, M.-C. Lin, C. Wang, M.-S. Yeh
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• T.-C. Fan, C.-S. Hwang, F.-Y. Lin
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• A. Zeller, V. Blideanu, R.M. Ronningen, B. Sherrill
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
• R.C. Gupta
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The high radiation fields around the production target and the beam dump in the fragment separator at the Rare Isotope Accelerator requires that radiation resistant magnets be used. Because large apertures and high gradients are required for the quadrupoles and similar demanding requirements for the dipole and sextupoles, resistive coils are difficult to justify. The radiation heating of any materials at liquid helium temperatures also requires that superconducting versions of the magnets have low cold-masses. The final optical design has taken the practical magnets limits into account and sizes and fields adjusted to what is believed to be achievable with technology that is possible with sufficient R&D. Designs with higher obtainable current densities and having good radiation tolerances that use superconducting coils are presented, as well as the radiation transport calculations that drive the material parameters.

• C.-S. Hwang, C.-H. Chang, C.-K. Chang, H.-P. Chang, C.-T. Chen, H.-H. Chen, J. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Y.-C. Chien, T.-C. Fan, G.-Y. Hsiung, K.-T. Hsu, S-N. Hsu, M.-H. Huang, C.-C. Kuo, F.-Y. Lin
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• R.C. Gupta, M. Anerella, M. Harrison, W. Sampson, J. Schmalzle
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan

Brookhaven National Laboratory is developing quadrupole magnets for the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) based on commercially available High Temperature Superconductors (HTS). These quadrupoles will be used in the Fragment Separator region and are one of the more challenging elements in the RIA proposal. They will be subjected to several orders of magnitude more energy and radiation deposition than typical beam line and accelerator magnets receive during their entire lifetime. The proposed quadrupoles will operate in the 20-40 K temperature range for efficient heat removal. HTS coils that have been tested so far indicate that the coils meet the magnetic field requirements of the design. We will report the test results of about 10 HTS coils and of a magnetic mirror configuration that simulates the magnetic field and Lorentz force in the proposed quadrupole. In addition, the preliminary design of an HTS dipole magnet for the Fragment Separator region will also be presented.

• R.C. Gupta, M. Anerella, A. Ghosh, M. Harrison, J. Schmalzle, P. Wanderer
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• N.V. Mokhov
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The proposed ten-fold increase in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity requires high field (~15 T) magnets that are subjected to the high radiation power of ~9 kW/per beam directed towards each interaction region. This has a major impact in the design of first dipole in the "Dipole First" optics. The proposed design allows sufficient clear space between coils so that most of the particle showers from the interaction points (concentrated at the midplane due to strong magnetic field) can be transported outside the coil region to a warm absorber thus drastically reducing the peak power density in the coils and removing heat at a higher (nitrogen) temperature. The concept, however, presents several new technical challenges: (a) obtaining good field quality despite a large midplane gap, (b) minimizing peak fields on coil, (c) dealing with large vertical forces with no structure between the coils, (d) minimizing heat deposition in the cold region, (e) designing a support structure. Designs with different horizontal and vertical coil spacing are presented that offer significant savings in the operating and infrastructure cost of the cryo-system, providing reliable quench-stable operation with a lifetime of the critical components of at least ten years.

• H.-G. Lee, C.W. Chung, H.S. Han, Y.G. Jung, D.E. Kim, W.W. Lee, K.-H. Park, H.S. Suh
  PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk

• A.Y. Zelinsky, I.V. Drebot, Yu.N. Grigor'ev, O.D. Zvonarjova
  NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
• R. Tatchyn
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• S. Sasaki, C. Doose, E.R. Moog, M. Petra, I. Vasserman
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• N.V. Mokhov
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Radiation-induced magnetic field strength losses are seen in undulator permanent magnets in the two sectors with small-aperture (5 mm) vacuum chambers. Initially, simple retuning of the affected undulators could restore them to full operation. As the damage has accumulated, however, it has become necessary to disassemble the magnetic arrays and either replace magnet blocks or remagnetize and reinstall magnet blocks. Some of the damaged magnet blocks have been studied, and the demagnetization was found to be confined to a limited volume at the surface close to the electron beam. Models for the magnetic damage were calculated using RADIA* and were adjusted to reproduce the measurements. Results suggest that a small volume at the surface has acquired a weak magnetization in the opposite direction. Small magnet samples provided by NEOMAX and Shin-Etsu are being placed in the storage ring tunnel for irradiation exposure testing. Simulations of the radiation environment at the undulators have been performed.

*O. Chubar, P. Elleaume, J. Chavanne, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 5, 481 (1998).

• J.G. Hubrig
  Innovation Services, Inc, Knoxville, Tennessee
• G.H. Biallas
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

• J.G. Neumann, R.B. Fiorito, P.G. O'Shea
  IREAP, College Park, Maryland
• G.L. Carr, T.V. Shaftan, B. Sheehy, Y. Shen, Z. Wu
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• W. Graves
  MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
• H. Loos
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The University of Maryland and the Source Development Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory have been collaborating on a project that explores the use of electron beam pre-modulation at the cathode to control the longitudinal structure of the electron beam. This technique could be applied to creating deliberate modulations which can lead to the generation of terahertz radiation, or creating a smooth profile in order to supress radiation. This paper focuses on simulations that explore some of the pre-modulated cases achieved experimentally.

• J. Wu, P. Emma, Z. Huang
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first x-ray free-electron laser (FEL). To ensure the vitality of FEL lasing, a longitudinal feedback system is required together with other diagnostics. In this paper, we study the possibility of using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) from the chicane as the diagnostic tool for bunch length feedback. Calculations show that CSR is a good candidate, even for the non-Gaussian, double-horn longitudinal charge distribution. We further check the feasibility for low and high charge options, and also the possibility for detecting the microbunching.

• N.A. Mezentsev, E. Perevedentsev
  BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk

• I.N. Onishchenko, N. Onishchenko, G. Sotnikov
  NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
• T.C. Marshall
  Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT

The dielectric wake field accelerator is based on particle acceleration by wake fields excited in a dielectric waveguide by a regular sequence of electron bunches. Enhancement of the accelerating field can be achieved using two phenomena: coherent excitation by many bunches (multibunch effect) and constructive interference of many excited eigenmodes (multimode effect). It was believed that the latter is possible only for planar slab geometry in which the excited modes are equally spaced in frequency. By analysis and simulation, in this presentation the effect of wake field superposition to high amplitude is demonstrated for arbitrary rectangular geometry that is more realizable in experiment. We find this result using simultaneous multibunch and multimode operation providing the repetition frequency of the bunch sequence is equal to the frequency difference between selected modes, whereupon resonant oscillation takes place. Moreover, it is shown that for an appropriate choice of selected modes and bunch repetition frequency a "quasimonopolar” peaked wake field can be excited.

• A.A. Mikhailichenko
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York

• C. Wang, V.P. Yakovlev
  Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
• J.L. Hirshfield
  Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
• T.C. Marshall
  Columbia University, New York

A novel dielectric structure is described for a two-beam wake field accelerator (WFA), which consists of three or four rectangular dielectric slabs positioned within a rectangular conducting pipe. This structure can be thought of as equivalent to two symmetric dielectric-lined three-zone rectangular waveguides, joined side-by-side. The design mode in the two-beam structure is the LSM-31 mode, a combination of two symmetric LSM-11 modes of the two three-zone waveguides. This two-channel mode can be employed to decelerate drive particles in one channel and accelerate test particles in the other. It is possible to find structure parameters that give a high ratio of acceleration gradient for the test beam, to deceleration gradient for the drive beam, of the order of 100.

• T. Plettner, R.M. Gaume, J. Wisdom
  Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia
• J.E. Spencer
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Laser driven particle accelerators based on the current generation of lasers will require sub-micron control of the laser field as well as precise beam guiding. Hence the fabrication techniques that allow integrating both elements into an accelerator-on-chip format become critical for the success of such particle accelerators. Micromachining technology for silicon has been shown to be one such feasible technology in PAC2003 but with a variety of complications on the laser side. Fortunately, in recent years the fabrication of transparent ceramics has become an interesting technology that could be applied for laser-particle accelerators in several ways. We discuss this area, its advantages such as the range of materials it provides and various ways to implement it followed by some different test examples that have been considered. One important goal of this approach is an integrated system that could avoid the necessity of having to inject either laser or particle pulses into these structures.

• C.D. Barnes, F.-J. Decker, P. Emma, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, C.L. O'Connell, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, D.K. Johnson, C. Joshi, W. Lu, K.A. Marsh
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• S. Deng, T.C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli, E. Oz
  USC, Los Angeles, California

• C.L. O'Connell, C.D. Barnes, F.-J. Decker, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, D.K. Johnson, C. Joshi, W. Lu, K.A. Marsh, W.B. Mori, M. Zhou
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• S. Deng, T.C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli, E. Oz
  USC, Los Angeles, California

• J.E. Spencer, Y.A. Hussein
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

We explore possibilities for THz sources from 0.3 - 30 THz. While still inaccessible, this broad gap is even wider for advanced acceleration schemes extending from X or, at most, W band RF at the low end up to CO2 lasers. While the physical implementations of these two approaches are quite different, both are proving difficult to develop so that even lower frequency, superconducting RF seems to be the currently preferred means. Similarly, the validity of modelling techniques varies greatly over this range of frequencies but generally mandates coupling Maxwell’s equations to the appropriate device transport physics for which there are many options. Here we calculate radiation from shaped transmission lines using finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) simulations of Maxwell’s equations coupled to Monte-Carlo techniques for both the production and transport physics of short electron pulses. Examples of THz sources that demonstrate coherent interference effects will be discussed with the goal of optimizing on-chip THz radiators for different applications - ultimately including improved electron sources and accelerators.

• Z. Zhang, R.D. Ruth, S.G. Tantawi
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

A Bragg waveguide consisting of multiple dielectric layers with alternating index of refraction becomes an excellent option to form electron accelerating structure powered by high power laser sources. It provides confinement of a synchronous speed-of-light mode with extremely low loss. However, laser field can not be coupled into the structure collinearly with the electron beam. There are three requirements in designing input coupler for a Bragg electron accelerator: side-coupling, selective mode excitation, and high coupling efficiency. We present a side coupling scheme using a Bragg-grating-assisted input coupler to inject the laser into the waveguide. Side coupling is achieved by a second order Bragg grating with a period on the order of an optical wavelength. The phase matching condition results in resonance coupling thus providing selective mode excitation capability. The coupling efficiency is limited by profile mismatch between the outgoing beam and the incoming beam, which has normally, a Gaussian profile. We demonstrate a non-uniform distributed grating structure generating an outgoing beam with a Gaussian profile, therefore, increasing the coupling efficiency.

• P. Schoessow
  Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
• A. Kanareykin
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio

• J.E. Ralph, C. Joshi, J.B. Rosenzweig, C. Sung, S. Tochitsky
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

To achieve phase locked injection of short electron bunches in a plasma beatwave accelerator, the Neptune Laboratory will utilize microbunching in an FEL or IFEL system. These systems require terahertz (THz) seed radiation on the order of 10 kW for the FEL and 10 MW for the IFEL bunchers. We report results of experiments on THz generation using nonlinear frequency mixing of CO2 laser lines in GaAs. A two-wavelength laser beam was split and sent onto a 2.5 cm long GaAs crystal cut for noncollinear phase matching. Low power measurements achieved ~1 W of 340 ?m radiation using 200 ns CO2 pump pulses with wavelengths 10.3?m and 10.6?m. We also demonstrated tunability of difference frequency radiation, producing 240?m by mixing two different CO2 laser lines. By going to shorter laser pulses and higher intensities, we were able to increase the conversion efficiency while decreasing the surface damage threshold. Using 200ps pulses we produced ~2 MW of 340 ?m radiation. Future studies in this area will focus on developing large diameter Quasi-Phase matched structures for production of high power THz radiation.

• C. Sung, C.E. Clayton, C. Joshi, P. Musumeci, C. Pellegrini, J.E. Ralph, S. Reiche, J.B. Rosenzweig, S. Tochitsky
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

In order to obtain monoenergetic acceleration of electrons, phase-locked injection using electron microbunches shorter than the accelerating structure is necessary. For a laser-driven plasma beatwave accelerator experiment, we propose to microbunch the electrons by interaction with terahertz (THz) radiation in an undulator via two mechanisms– free electron laser (FEL) and inverse free electron laser (IFEL). Since the high power FIR radiation will be generated via difference frequency mixing in GaAs by the same CO2 beatwave used to drive the plasma wave, electrons could be phase-locked and pre-bunched into a series of microbunches separated with the same periodicity. Here we examine the criteria for undulator design and present simulation results for both IFEL and FEL approaches. Using different CO2 laser lines, electrons can be microbunched with different periodicity 300 – 100 mm suitable for injection into plasma densities in the range 1016 – 1017 cm-3, respectively. The requirement on the THz radiation power and the electron beam qualities are also discussed.

• M.C. Thompson, H. Badakov, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• M.J. Hogan, R. Ischebeck, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• P. Muggli
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• A. Scott
  UCSB, Santa Barbara, California
• R.B. Yoder
  ,

An experiment is planned to study the performance of dielectric Cerenkov wakefield accelerating structures at extremely high gradients in the GV/m range. This new UCLA/SLAC collaboration will take advantage of the unique SLAC FFTB electron beam and its demonstrated ultra-short pulse lengths and high currents (e.g., sz = 20 μm at Q = 3 nC). The electron beam will be focused down and sent through varying lengths of fused silica capillary tubing with two different sizes: ID = 200 μm / OD = 325 μm and ID = 100 μm / OD = 325 μm. The pulse length of the electron beam will be varied in order to alter the accelerating gradient and probe the breakdown threshold of the dielectric structures. In addition to breakdown studies, we plan to collect and measure coherent Cerenkov radiation emitted from the capillary tube to gain information about the strength of the accelerating fields. Status and progress on the experiment are reported.

• E. Oz, S. Deng, T.C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• C.D. Barnes, F.-J. Decker, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, C.L. O'Connell, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, D.K. Johnson, C. Joshi, W. Lu, K.A. Marsh, W.B. Mori, M. Zhou
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

• M. Brugger, O. Aberle, R.W. Assmann, D. Forkel-Wirth, H.G. Menzel, S. Roesler, H. Vincke
  CERN, Geneva

• S. Redaelli, O. Aberle, R.W. Assmann, A.M. Masi, G. Spiezia
  CERN, Geneva

• P.M. McIntyre, A. Sattarov
  Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
• J.-P. Koutchouk
  CERN, Geneva

• D.R. Gillingham, T. M. Antonsen, P.G. O'Shea
  IREAP, College Park, Maryland

The radiation emitted by a pulsed electron beam as it travels on a circular trajectory inside a waveguide is calculated using a 3D simulation. Forward-propagating wave equations for the fields in the waveguide are calculated by a perturbation of the Maxwell equations where the radius of curvature is large compared to the dimensions of the waveguide. These are integrated self-consistently with the distribution of charge in the beam to provide the complete fields (electric and magnetic) for all times during the passage of the beam through the waveguide and therefore are applicable to sections of any length or combinations thereof. The distribution of electrons and their momentum are also modified self-consistently so that the results may be used to estimate the effect of the radiation on the beam quality (emittance and energy spread).

• G. Bassi, J.A. Ellison
  UNM, Albuquerque, New Mexico
• R.L. Warnock
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

We study the influence of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) on particle bunches traveling on arbitrary planar orbits between parallel conducting plates (shielding). The time evolution of the phase space distribution is determined by solving the Vlasov-Maxwell equations in the time domain. This provides lower numerical noise than the macroparticle method, and allows the study of emittance degradation and microbunching in bunch compressors. We calculate the fields excited by the bunch in the lab frame using a formula simpler than that based on retarded potentials.* We have developed an algorithm for solving the Vlasov equation in the beam frame using arc length as the independent variable and our method of local characteristics (discretized Perron-Frobenius operator).We integrate in the interaction picture in the hope that we can adopt a fixed grid. The distribution function will be represented by B-splines, in a scheme preserving positivity and normalization of the distribution. The transformation between lab and beam frame is carefully treated. Here we report on our implementation of the algorithm for a chicane bunch compressor with linear energy chirp and take steps to treat the nonlinear case.

*"Vlasov Treatment of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation from Arbitrary Planar Orbits" to be published in the Proceedings of ICAP04, St. Petersburg, R. Warnock, G. Bassi and J. A. Ellison.

• E.G. Bessonov
  LPI, Moscow
• A.A. Mikhailichenko
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York

*physics/0404142.

• B. Faatz
  DESY, Hamburg

• P. Emma, Z. Huang, C. Limborg-Deprey, J. Wu
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• W.M. Fawley, M.S. Zolotorev
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• S. Reiche
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) project based on the SLAC linac. The nominal parameter set is founded on a 1-nC bunch charge and normalized emittance of about 1 micron. The most challenging issues, such as emittance generation, wakefields, and coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR), are associated with the high bunch charge. In the LCLS in particular, with its strong linac wakefields, the bunch compression process produces sharp temporal horns at the head and tail of the bunch with degraded local emittance, effectively wasting much of the charge. The sharp horns intensify CSR in the bends and further drive a strong resistive-wall wakefield in the long FEL undulator. Although these issues are not insurmountable, they suggest a lower bunch charge may be more suitable. This study uses a 0.2-nC bunch charge and 0.85-micron emittance with only 30 A of peak current in the injector, producing the same FEL saturation length. The resulting performance is more stable, has negligible resistive-wall wakefield, greatly reduced CSR effects, and no transverse wakefield emittance dilution in the linac, with no change to the baseline engineering design.

• S. Khan
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin

The generation of ultrashort synchrotron radiation pulses by laser-induced energy modulation of electrons and their subsequent transverse displacement, now dubbed "femtoslicing," was demonstrated at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley. More recently, a femtoslicing user facility was commissioned at the BESSY storage ring in Berlin, and another project is in progress at the Swiss Light Source. The paper reviews the principle of femtoslicing, its merits and shortcomings, as well as the variations of its technical implementation. Various diagnostics techniques to detect successful laser-electron interaction are discussed and experimental results are presented.

• K.C. Harkay, M. Borland, Y.-C. Chae, G. Decker, R.J. Dejus, L. Emery, W. Guo, D. Horan, K.-J. Kim, R. Kustom, D.M. Mills, S.V. Milton, G. Pile, V. Sajaev, S.D. Shastri, G.J. Waldschmidt, M. White, B.X. Yang
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• A. Zholents
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

There is growing interest within the user community to utilize the pulsed nature of synchrotron radiation from storage ring sources. Conventional third-generation light sources can provide pulses on the order of 100 ps but typically cannot provide pulses of about 1 ps that some users now require to advance their research programs. However, it was recently proposed by A. Zholents et al. to use rf orbit deflection to generate subpicosecond X-ray pulses.* In this scheme, two crab cavities are used to deliver a longitudinally dependent vertical kick to the beam, thus exciting longitudinally correlated vertical motion of the electrons. This makes it possible to spatially separate the radiation coming from different longitudinal parts of the beam. An optical slit can then be used to slice out a short part of the radiation pulse, or an asymetrically cut crystal can be used to compress the radiation in time. In this paper, we present a feasibility study of this method applied to the Advanced Photon Source. We find that the pulse length can be decreased down to a few-picosecond range using superconducting crab cavities.

*A. Zholents et al., NIM A 425, 385 (1999).

• S. Chouhan, D.A. Harder, G. Rakowsky, J. Skaritka, T. Tanabe
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

In this work a new concept for the construction of planar variable polarization superconductive insertion device is presented. The construction of the device with 8 mm gap and magnetic period of 26 mm is described compared with permanent magnet insertion device with the same gap & period length, as well as with previously published concepts. Advantage of this design include: (1) electrical tunability for both right and left circular and elliptical, as well as linear vertical or horizontal, (2) it requires no compensation of unwanted vertical field component and (3) used only simple windings of superconductive wire in an interlaced pattern. As a first step towards the construction of full-length device we propose to build & test a short prototype that will serve as a proof of the concept for versatile variable polarization superconductor magnet.

• G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn
  Tomsk Polytechnic University, Physical-Technical Department, Tomsk
• S. Araki, A. Aryshev, H. Hayano, V. Karataev, T. Muto, J.U. Urakawa
  KEK, Ibaraki
• D. Cline, Y. Fukui
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• R. Hamatsu
  TMU, Hatioji-shi,Tokyo
• M.C. Ross
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• R.A. Marsh, A.S. Kesar, R.J. Temkin
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Measurements of frequency locked, coherent transition radiation (CTR) were performed at the 17 GHz high-gradient accelerator facility built by Haimson Research Corporation at MIT PSFC. CTR produced from a metallic foil placed in the beam path was extracted through a window, and measured with a variety of detectors, including: diode, Helium cooled Si Bolometer, and double heterodyne receiver system. The angular energy distribution measured by the diode and bolometer are in agreement and consistent with calculations for a 15 MeV 200 mA 110 ns beam of 1 ps bunches. Heterodyne receiver measurements were able to show frequency locking, namely inter-bunch coherence at integer multiples of the accelerator RF frequency of 17.14 GHz. At the locked frequencies the power levels are enhanced by the number of bunches in a single beam pulse. The CTR was measured as a comb of locked frequencies up to 240 GHz, with a bandwidth of 50 MHz.

• T. Scarvie, A. Biocca, N. Kelez, M.C. Martin, T. Nishimura, G.J. Portmann, F. Sannibale, E. Williams
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

Beamline BL 7.2 of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a beam diagnostics system that uses the synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted by a dipole magnet. It consists of two branches, in the first one the x-ray portion of the SR is used in a pinhole camera system for measuring the transverse profile of the beam. The second branch is equipped with a x-ray BPM system and with a multipurpose port where the visible and the infrared part of the SR can be used for various applications such as bunch length measurements and IR coherent synchrotron radiation experiments. The pinhole system has been commissioned at the end of 2003 and since then is in successful operation. The installation of the second branch has been completed recently and the results of its commissioning are presented in this paper together with examples of beam measurements performed at BL 7.2.

• A. Zholents
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

Our attitude towards attosecond x-ray pulses has changed dramatically over the past several years. Not long ago x-ray pulses with a duration of a few hundred attoseconds were just science fiction for most of us, but they are already a tool for some researchers in present days. Breakthrough progress in the generation of solitary soft x-ray pulses of attosecond duration has been made by the laser community. Following this lead, people in the free electron laser community have begun to develop new ideas on how to generate attosecond x-ray pulses in the hard x-ray energy range. In this report I will review some of these ideas.

• I.V. Bazarov
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York

Existing Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) are successfully operated as kW-class average power infrared Free Electron Lasers (FELs). Various groups worldwide actively pursue ERLs as a technology of choice for a number of new applications. These include high brilliance light sources in a wide range of photon energies utilizing both spontaneous and FEL radiation production techniques, electron cooling of ion beams, and ERL-based electron-ion collider. All of these projects seek in various ways to extend performance parameters possible in ERLs beyond what has been achieved in existing relatively small scale demonstration facilities. The demand is for much higher average currents, significantly larger recirculated beam energies and powers and substantially improved electron sources. An overview of the ongoing ERL projects will be presented along with the summary of the progress that is being made in addressing the outstanding issues in this type of accelerators.

• Y. Kawai, G. Alton, Y. Liu
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The multiple discrete frequency technique has been used to improve the performance of conventional B-field configuration ECR ion sources. However, the practical application of this technique is very costly, requiring multiple independent single-frequency rf power supplies and complicated rf injection systems. Broadband sources of rf power offer a low-cost and more effective method for increasing the physical size of the ECR zone within these ion sources. An Additive White Gaussian Noise Generator (AWGNG) system for injecting broadband rf power into these ion sources has been developed in conjunction with a commercial firm. The noise generator, in combination with an external oscillator and a traveling wave tube amplifier, can be used to generate broadband rf power without modifying the injection system. The AWGNG and its use for enhancing the performance of conventional B-field configuration ECR ion sources will be described.

• Y. Liu, C. Baktash, J.R. Beene, H. Z. Bilheux, C.C. Havener, H.F. Krause, D.R. Schultz, D.W. Stracener, C.R. Vane
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• K. Brueck, Ch. Geppert, T. Kessler, K. Wendt
  Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz

The isobaric purity of radioactive ion beams (RIBs) is of crucial importance to many experiments. Laser ion sources based on resonant photoionization have already proved to be of great value at existing ISOL RIB facilities. In these ion sources, ions of a selected isotope are produced by laser radiation via stepwise atomic resonant excitations followed by ionization in the last transition. Because each element has its own unique atomic energy levels, the resonant photoionization process can provide elemental selectivity of nearly 100%. We have initiated a research effort to develop a prototype laser ion source with the potential to achieve the high selectivity and high efficiency required for research with ISOL-generated RIBs at the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). A pilot experiment has been conducted to demonstrate resonant photoionization of three atomic species using all-solid-state tunable Ti:Sapphire lasers. Three Ti:Sapphire lasers were provided by the University of Mainz and used in the experiment for three-photon resonant ionization of the elements. Laser generated Sn, Ni, and Ge ions have been successfully obtained in a hot-cavity laser ion source with overall efficiencies of 22%, 2.7%, and 3.3%, respectively.

• K. Ohmi, Y. Funakoshi, M. Tawada
  KEK, Ibaraki

• M.K. Sullivan, M.H. Donald, S. Ecklund, A. Novokhatski, J. Seeman, U. Wienands
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• M.E. Biagini
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)

The success of the two B-Factories (PEP-II and KEKB) has encouraged us to look at design parameters for a B-Factory with a 30-50 times increase in the luminosity of the present machines (L~1e36). In order to achieve this high luminosity, the beta y* values are reduced to 3-2 mm, the bunch spacing is minimized (0.6-0.3 m) and the bunch currents are increased. Total beam currents range from 5-25 A. The interaction region (IR) of these "SuperB" designs presents special challenges. Synchrotron radiation fans from local bending in shared magnets and from upstream sources pose difficulties due to the high power levels in these fans. High-order-mode(HOM)heating, effects that have been seen in the present B-factories, will become much more pronounced with the very short bunches and high beam currents. Masking the detector beam pipe from synchrotron radiation must take into account effects of HOM power generation. Backgrounds that are a function of the luminosity will become very important. We present an initial design of an IR with a crossing angle of ± 14 mrad and include a discussion of the constraints, requirements and concerns that go into designing an IR for these very high luminosity e⁺e^- machines.

• J. Beebe-Wang, C. Montag
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• A. Deshpande
  Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
• D.J. Rondeau
  Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
• B. Surrow
  MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts

The eRHIC currently under study at BNL consists of an electron storage ring added to the existing RHIC complex. The interaction region of this facility has to provide the required low-beta focusing while accommodating the synchrotron radiation generated by beam separation close to the interaction point. In the current design, the synchrotron radiation caused by 10GeV electrons bent by low-beta triplet magnets will be guided through the interaction region and dumped 5m downstream. However, it is unavoidable to stop a fraction of the photons at the septum where the electron and ion vacuum system are separated. In order to protect the septum and minimize the backward scattering of the synchrotron radiation, an absorber and collimation system will be employed. In this paper, we first present the overview of the current design of the eRHIC interaction region with special emphasis on the synchrotron radiation. Then the initial design of the absorber and collimation system, including their geometrical and physical properties, will be described. Finally, our initial investigation of synchrotron radiation in the eRHIC interaction region, especially a simulation of the backward scattering from the absorber, will be presented.

• C. Montag
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• S.A. Bogacz, Y.S. Derbenev, L. Merminga
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The Electron-Light Ion Collider ELIC proposed by Jefferson Lab aims at very high luminosities for collisions of 150 GeV protons on 7 GeV electrons. To achieve these high luminosities, very strong low-beta focusing of low-emittance beams is required. Taking advantage of the unequal design proton beam emittances in the two transverse planes, an interaction region design based on superconducting quadrupole doublets has been deveoped. Compared with the original design, this scheme provides larger beam apertures at lower magnetic fields, while potentially doubling the luminosity.

• C. Montag, B. Parker, S. Tepikian
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• D. Wang
  MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts

To facilitate the study of collisions between 10 GeV polarized electrons and 100 GeV/u heavy ions or 250 GeV polarized protons at high luminosities, adding a 10 GeV electron storage ring to the existing RHIC complex has been proposed. The interaction region of this electron-ion collider eRHIC has to provide the required low-beta focusing, while simultaneously accomodating the synchrotron radiation fan generated by beam separation close to the interaction point, which is particularly challenging. The latest design status of the eRHIC interaction region is presented.

• T. Misu, M. Kanazawa, A. Sugiura, S. Yamada
  NIRS, Chiba-shi
• K. Katsuki, K. S. Sato
  Toshiba, Yokohama

• E. Kako, S. Noguchi, N. Ohuchi, T. Shishido, K. Tsuchiya
  KEK, Ibaraki
• N. Akaoka, H. Kobayashi, N. Ouchi
  JAERI/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
• E. Chishiro, T. Hori, M. Nakata, M. Yamazaki
  JAERI, Ibaraki-ken

• E. Daly, G.K. Davis, W.R. Hicks
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The new tuner design for the 12 GeV Upgrade SRF cavities consists of a coarse mechanical tuner and a fine piezoelectric tuner. The mechanism provides a 30:1 mechanical advantage, is pre-loaded at room temperature and tunes the cavities in tension only. All of the components are located in the insulating vacuum space and attached to the helium vessel, including the motor, harmonic drive and piezoelectric actuators. The requirements and detailed design are presented. Measurements of range and resolution of the coarse tuner are presented and discussed.

• S.P. Antipov, W. Liu, J.G. Power
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• L.K. Spentzouris
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

Recently, there has been a growing interest in applying artificial materials, known as Left-Handed Metamaterials (LHM), to accelerator physics. These materials have both negative permittivity and permeability and therefore possess several unusual properties: the index of refraction is negative and the direction of the group velocity is antiparallel to the direction of the phase velocity (along k). These properties lead to a reverse Cherenkov effect, which has potential beam diagnostic applications, in addition to accelerator applications. Several LHM devices with different configurations are being experimentally and theoretically studied at Argonne. In this paper, we describe permittivity and permeability retrieval techniques that we have developed and applied to these devices. We have also investigated the possibility of building a Cherenkov detector based on LHM and propose an experiment to observe the reverse radiation generated by an electron beam passing through a LHM. The potential advantage of a LHM detector is that the radiation in this case is emitted in the direction reversed to the direction of the beam, so it could be easier to get a clean measurement.

• A.A. Mikhailichenko
  Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York

• H.C. Li, S. H. Chang, W. S. Chiou, F.-Z. Hsiao, Z.-D. Tsai
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• M. Kinsho, F. Masukawa, N. Ogiwara, O. Takeda, K. Yamamoto
  JAERI/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
• J. Kusano
  Japan Atomic Energy Institute, Linac Laboratory, Tokai-Mura

• K. Yamamoto
  JAERI/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
• M. Kinsho
  Japan Atomic Energy Institute, Linac Laboratory, Tokai-Mura

• K.-H. Park, C.W. Chung, S.-M. Hong, S.-H. Jeong, Y.G. Jung, D.E. Kim, H.-S. Lee, W.W. Lee
  PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
• B.-K. Kang
  POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk

• S. Mayer, D. Forkel-Wirth, M. Fuerstner, H.G. Menzel, S. Roesler, C. Theis, H. Vincke
  CERN, Geneva

• E. Prebys
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The demands of the Fermilab neutrino program will require the 30 year old Fermilab 8 GeV Booster to deliver higher intensities than it ever has. Total proton throughput is limited by radiation damage and activation due to beam loss in the Booster tunnel. Of particular concern is the insulation in the 96 combined function lattice magnets. This poster describes a study of the potential radiation damage to these magnets from extended running at the planned intensities.

• W. Stein, L. Ahle
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• D.L. Conner
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

• J.E. Spencer, S.D. Anderson, R. Wolf
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• A. Baldwin, D.E. Pellet
  UCD, Davis, California
• M. Boussoufi
  UCD/MNRC, McClellan, California
• J.T. Volk
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Many materials and electronics need to be tested for the radiation environment expected at linear colliders (LC) where the accelerator and detectors will be subjected to large fluences of hadrons, leptons and gammas over the life of the facility. Although the linacs will be superconducting, there are still many potential uses for NdFeB in the damping rings, injection and extraction lines and final focus. Our understanding of the radiation damage situation for rare earth permanent magnet materials was presented at PAC2003 and our first measurements of fast neutron, stepped doses at the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Reactor Center (UCD MNRC) were presented at EPAC2004 where the damage appeared proportional to the distances between the effective operating points and Hc. Here we have extended those doses and included more commercial samples together with the induced radioactivities associated with their respective dopants. Hall probe data for the external induction distributions are compared with vector magnetization measurements for the different materials.

• M. Fuerstner, I. Brunner, D. Forkel-Wirth, S. Mayer, H.G. Menzel, H. Vincke
  CERN, Geneva
• I. Floret
  Ecole d'ingénieurs de Genève, Genève

• J.L. Boles, L. Ahle, S. Reyes, W. Stein
  LLNL, Livermore, California

Heavy ion and radiation transport calculations are in progress for conceptual beam dump designs for the fragmentation line of the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). Using the computer code PHITS, a preliminary design of a motor-driven rotating wheel beam dump and adjacent downstream multipole has been modeled. Selected results of these calculations are given, including neutron and proton flux in the wheel, absorbed dose and displacements per atom in the hub materials, and heating from prompt radiation and from decay heat in the multipole.

• S. Reyes, L. Ahle, J.L. Boles, W. Stein
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• B.D. Wirth
  UCB, Berkeley, California

Within the scope of conceptual R&D activities in support of the Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility, high priority is given to the development of high-power fragmentation beam dumps. A pre-study was made of a static water-cooled Cu beam dump that can meet requirements for a 400 MeV/u uranium beam. The issue of beam sputtering was addressed and found to be not a significant issue. Preliminary radiation transport simulations show significant damage (dpa) in the vicinity of the Bragg peak of uranium ions. Experimental data show that defects in Cu following neutron or high-energy particle irradiation tend to saturate at doses between 1 and 5 dpa, and this saturation in defect density also results in saturation of mechanical property degradation. However, effects of swift heavy ion irradiation and the production of gaseous and solid transmutant elements still need to be addressed. Initial calculations indicate that He concentrations on the order of 100 appm are produced in the beam dump after several weeks of continuous operation and He embrittlement should be a concern. Recommendations are made for further investigation of Cu irradiation effects RIA-relevant conditions.

• Y.-S. Kim, J.-S. Chai
  KIRAMS, Seoul
• C.W. Chung, H.-G. Lee, W.W. Lee, K.-H. Park
  PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
• B.-K. Kang
  POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk

• M. Boscolo, M. Ferrario, V. Fusco, M.  Migliorati
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• S. Reiche
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• C. Ronsivalle
  ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)

• I.V. Kazarezov, V. Auslender, V.E. Balakin, A.A. Bryazgin, A.V. Bulatov, I.I. Glazkov, I.V. Kazarezov, E.N. Kokin, G.S. Krainov, G.I. Kuznetsov, A.M. Molokoedov, A.F.A. Tuvik
  BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk

• S. Sakanaka, K. Ebihara, S. Isagawa, M. Izawa, T. Kageyama, T. Kasuga, H. Nakanishi, M. Ono, H. Sakai, T. Takahashi, K. Umemori, S.I. Yoshimoto
  KEK, Ibaraki

• Z. Geng, P. Gu, H.Mi. Hou, G. Pei
  IHEP Beijing, Beijing

• I.E. Campisi, S. Assadi, F. Casagrande, M. Champion, C. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, M.T. Crofford, C. Deibele, J. Galambos, P.A. Gurd, D.R. Hatfield, M.P. Howell, D.-O. Jeon, Y.W. Kang, K.-U. Kasemir, Z. Kursun, H. Ma, M.F. Piller, D. Stout, W.H. Strong, A.V. Vassioutchenko, Y. Zhang
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source being built at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory employs eighty one 805 MHz superconducting cavities operated at 2.1 K for the H^- beam to gain energy in the main linac from 187 MeV to about 1 GeV. The superconducting cavities and cryomodules with two different values of beta .61 and .81 have been designed and constructed at Jefferson Lab for operation at 2.1 K with unloaded Q’s in excess of 5x109. To gain experience in testing cryomodules in the SNS tunnel before the final commissioning of the 2.1 K Central Helium Liquefier, integration tests were conducted on a medium beta (.61) cryomodule at 4.2 K. This is the first time that a superconducting cavity system specifically designed for 2.1 K operation has been extensively tested at 4.2 K without superfluid helium. Even at 4.2 K it was possible to test all of the functional properties of the cryomodule and of the cavities. In particular, at a nominal BCS Qo˜7x108, simultaneous pulse operation of all three cavities in the cryomodule was achieved at accelerating gradients in excess of 12 MV/m. These conditions were maintained for several hours at a repetition rate of 30 pps. Details of the tests will be presented and discussed.

• S. An
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Frequency and electromagnetic field distribution sensitivity of a superconducting RF (SRF) cavity due to cavity’s small deformation are the fundamental phyical paramethers in cavity and tuner design. At low temperature, the frequency sensitivity can be obtained by measuring prototype cavity, but it is not easy to test the filed distribution sensitivity. This paper presents and describes a simulation method combining ANSYS and SUPERFISH to calculate the cavity frequency and field distribution variation due to cavity’s small deformation caused by mechanical force, radiation force, thermal expansion etc.. As an example, the simulation results of the frequency and field flatness sensitivity on the SNS cavities were confirmed by their test results.

sun_ancn@yahoo.com

• I.E. Campisi
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The superconducting linac for the Spallation Neutron Source is in the process of being commissioned. Eighty-one cavities resonating at 805 MHz are installed in the SNS tunnel in 11 medium beta (.61) cryomodules each containing 3 cavities and 12 high beta (.81) cryomodules each with 4 cavities. The niobium cavities and cryomodules were designed and assembled at Jefferson Lab and installed in the SNS tunnel at Oak Ridge and are operating at 2.1 K. A preliminary test of one medium beta cryomodule was performed at 4.2 K in September 2004. All functional parameters of the cryomodule were proven to meet specifications at that temperature. The Central Helium Liquefier is being commissioned for 2.1 K operation and all cavities will be tested by late Spring 2005. The testing will include all of the functional parameters necessary for beam operation, to be carried out in summer 2005. The focus of the testing is to characterize the cavities’ maximum gradients and that sustained simultaneous operation can be achieved for all the cavities in preparation of beam commissioning. The results of cryomodule and cavity testing in the superconducting linac will be presented.

• R.J. Dejus
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Placing two collinear undulators in the 5.6-m-long straight sections at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) can answer the demand for increased brilliance. Whether longitudinal phasing needs to be taken into account for optimum spectral performance has been investigated. A comprehensive computer simulation study was completed to study the effect of the electron beam emittance, the magnetic field quality of the undulators, and the magnetic field strength (K value) on the spectral performance. For a zero-emittance beam, the radiation spectra exhibit strong interference that depends sensitively on the phase between the undulators. For a realistic APS-emittance beam and beam energy spread, the strong and phase-sensitive interference is substantially smoothed. A summary of the key findings including intensity losses due to unphased undulators is reported in this paper.

• J.H. Grimmer, R.T. Kmak
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Three permanent-magnet, planar, hybrid ID designs have recently been completed at the APS. The periods of the devices are 2.7 cm, 3.0 cm and 3.5 cm with nominal lengths of 2.4 m. Several design studies were performed for the initial 2.7 cm period device to investigate the utility of various design features. Then a parametric solid model for the initial device was developed and value engineered to minimize manufacturing, assembly and tuning costs. The model allowed the very rapid design of subsequent devices of similar periods and allowed commonality of several components of the IDs. This design family incorporates a low-cost method of pole retention and registration. Poles are secured by screws in two holes tapped into each pole. Pole location is registered by means of two small dowel pins for each pole in mating holes reamed into each pole and a base plate common to the poles and magnets. This base plate is flexible in bending along its length so shimming behind it can be used to accurately change the height of a pair of poles for tuning. Another feature of the design is modular construction to allow each device to be used full-length or shortened to a nominal 2.1 m length for use in APS "canted undulator" sectors.

• S. Sasaki
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Much work is underway to develop superconducting undulators in order to generate brilliant hard x-ray radiation at many synchrotron radiation facilities. However, in spite of many R&D efforts, it might take several years to reach this goal. On the other hand, the possibilities of cryogenic permanent magnet undulators are being investigated in order to provide an interim solution for hard x-ray users’ needs at Spring-8 and other facilities. However, although the in-vacuum undulator technology is well established, the in-vacuum gap-motion mechanism at a low temperature might cause major concerns regarding reliability and cost effectiveness. In this paper, the possibility for a cryogenic short-period staggered undulator was investigated. A simple model calculation by RADIA* shows that the effective undulator field is 0.825 T for a 15-mm-period staggered undulator at 6 mm gap with 1.36 T solenoid field. The pole material was assumed to be dysprosium, which has a saturation magnetization of 3.3 T at 77 K. The achievable maximum field of this simply structured device is close to that of a cryogenic permanent magnet undulator. We present calculated performances of cryogenic staggered undulators at various periods and gaps.

*O. Chubar, P. Elleaume, J. Chavanne, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 5, 481 (1998).

• A.S. Kesar, S.E. Korbly, R.J. Temkin
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
• M. Hess
  IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana

Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR), emitted when a bunch is passing above a periodic structure, is characterized by a broadband radiation spectrum in which the wavelength depends on the observation angle. While various theoretical models agree on this dependence, a significant difference is introduced for the calculated radiated energy by the different approaches. We present two theoretical calculations of the SPR from a 2D bunch of relativistic electrons passing above a finite length grating. The first one uses the finite-difference time-domain approach and the second one uses an electric-field integral equation (EFIE) method. Good agreement is obtained between these two calculations. The results of these calculations are then compared with a formalism based on an infinite length grating in which a periodic boundary condition is rigorously applied. For gratings with less than approximately 50 periods, a significant error in the strength of the radiated field is introduced by the infinite grating approximation. This error disappears asymptotically as the number of periods increases. We are currently working on extending the EFIE model to the case of a three dimensional bunch moving above a finite-length grating.

• R.A. Bosch
  UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin

• V. Kumar, K.-J. Kim
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Reflection matrix elements of a grating play an important role in the study of Smith-Purcell (SP) free-electron lasers (FELs). Especially, the matrix element e00, which couples the incident co-propagating evanescent wave to the outgoing co-propagating evanescent wave, is important for the evaluation of the gain of an SP FEL system.* We use the modal expansion method as well as the integral method and extend them to the case of growing evanescent waves. We present the results of numerical calculations for rectangular and sinusoidal gratings. We study the singularity of e00 and find that it is possible to get a simple formula for the location of singularity for the case of rectangular grating if we chose the eigenmodes of the groove as the basis set as done by Andrews et. al.**

*K.-J. Kim and S. B. Song, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 475, 158 (2001). **H. L. Andrews and C. A. Brau, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 7, 07070 (2004).

• D.K. Johnson, C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, C. Joshi, W. Lu, K.A. Marsh, W.B. Mori, M. Zhou
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• C.D. Barnes, F.-J. Decker, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, C.L. O'Connell, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• S. Deng, T.C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli, E. Oz
  USC, Los Angeles, California

• J. Lim, A. Doyuran, P. Frigola, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• S.G. Anderson, M. Betts, K. Crane, D.J. Gibson, F.V. Hartemann, A.M. Tremaine
  LLNL, Livermore, California

We describe an experiment for production of high harmonic x-ray radiation from Thomson backscattering of an ultra-short high power density laser by a relativistic electron beam at the PLEIADES facility at LLNL. In this scenario, electrons execute a “figure-8” motion under the influence of the high-intensity laser field, where the constant characterizing the field strength is expected to exceed unity: $aL=e*EL/m*c*ωL ≥ 1$. With large $aL$ this motion produces high harmonic x-ray radiation and significant broadening of the spectral peaks. This paper is intended to give a layout of the PLEIADES experiment, along with progress towards experimental goals.

• S. Reiche, C. Joshi, C. Pellegrini, J.B. Rosenzweig, S. Tochitsky
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• G. Shvets
  The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

Free-Electron Laser in the THz range can be used to generate high output power radiation or to modulate the electron beam longitudinally on the radiation wavelength scale. Microbunching on the scale of 1-5 THz is of particular importance for potential phase-locking of a modulated electron beam to a laser-driven plasma accelerating structure. However the lack of a seeding source for the FEL at this spectral range limits operation to a SASE FEL only, which denies a subpicosecond synchronization of the current modulation or radiation with an external laser source. One possibility to overcome this problem is to seed the FEL with two external laser beams, which difference (beat-wave) frequency is matched to the resonant FEL frequency in the THz range. In this presentation we study feasibility of an experiment on laser beat-wave injection in the THz FEL considered at the UCLA Neptune Laboratory, where both a high brightness photoinjector and a two-wavelength, TW-class CO2 laser system exist. By incorporating the energy modulation of the electron beam by the ponderomotive force of the beat-wave in a modified version of the time-dependent FEL code Genesis 1.3, the performance of a FEL at Neptune is simulated and analyzed.

• J. Li, C. Sun, Y.K. Wu
  DU/FEL, Durham, North Carolina

The 53.73 meter long Duke free electron laser (FEL) cavity consists of two concave mirrors with radius of curvature longer than 27 meters. A proper radius of curvature is designed to achieve an optimal and stable operation of the FEL. This requires accurate measurements of the cavity mirror's radius of curvature before its initial installation. Subsequent radius of curvature measurements are performed to ensure no significant deformation of the mirror occurs after a period of extensive use. A direct measurement based upon the geometric optics principles has been used at DFELL for years. Recently, we have significantly upgraded this measurement apparatus by utilizing a HeNe laser as the light source and a straight wire with a proper size as the object. In this paper we describe the details of the measurement setup and report the benefits of the recent upgrades. In addition, we report the improved data analysis technique and results of recent long radius of curvature measurements.

• K. Holldack, S. Khan, T. Quast
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin
• R. Mitzner
  Universität Muenster, Physikalisches Institut, Muenster

The laser-induced energy modulation of relativistic electrons in the BESSY II storage ring was studied by temporal and spectral characterization of femtosecond far infrared (THz) pulses being emitted due to the fact that dispersive elements convert the energy modulation into a longitudinal density modulation. Bunch shapes down to 3 ps and phase noise effects as well as the length of the femtosecond density modulation and its temporal decay were measured. The THz diagnostics is crucial for the operation of the recently commissioned undulator based "femtosecond slicing" source at BESSY.

• S. Khan, K. Holldack, T. Kachel, T. Quast
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin
• R. Mitzner
  Universität Muenster, Physikalisches Institut, Muenster

At the BESSY II storage ring, a source of sub-100 fs x-ray pulses with tunable polarization and excellent signal-to-background ratio has been constructed in 2004. This source is based on laser-induced energy modulation ("femtoslicing") and subsequent angular separation of the short-pulse x-rays emitted by an elliptical undulator. The paper reviews the layout of the source and reports on new insights and experimental results obtained while commissioning the source for user operation.

• S. Khan
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin

The generation of laser-induced ultrashort synchrotron radiation pulses ("femtoslicing") during user operation at the BESSY II storage ring requires to add several bunches with enhanced charge to the routinely used multibunch fill. The paper addresses these specialized fill patterns in view of beam stability against multibunch oscillations and ion effects, beam lifetime, and the effect of beam loading on the synchronous phase angles.

• M. Tischer, K. Balewski, W. Decking, M. Seidel, L. Yongjun
  DESY, Hamburg
• V. Kuzminykh, E. Levichev, P. Vobly, K. Zolotariov
  BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk

• A.-S. Müller, I. Birkel, B. Gasharova, E. Huttel, R. Kubat, Y.-L. Mathis, W. Mexner, D.A. Moss, F. Pérez, R. Rossmanith, P. Wesolowski, M. Wuensch
  FZK, Karlsruhe
• C. J. Hirschmugl
  UWM, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• M. Pont
  CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)

• R. Rossmanith, MH. Hagelstein, B.K. Kostka, A.-S. Müller, D. Wollmann
  FZK, Karlsruhe
• T. Baumbach, A. Bernhard
  FZ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
• E. Steffens
  Erlangen University, Erlangen
• M. Weisser
  University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut II, Erlangen

• T. Mitsuhashi, M.T. Tadano
  KEK, Ibaraki

• S. Sakanaka, T. Mitsuhashi, T. Obina, K. Umemori
  KEK, Ibaraki

*M. Bai et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 3, 064001 (2000).

• H. Nishimura, R.J. Donahue, D. Robin, C. Steier
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The ALS is planning to operate with top-off injection at higher beam currents and smaller vertical beam size. As part of a radiation safety study for top-off, we carried out two kinds of tracking studies: (1) to confirm that the injected beam cannot go into users’ photon beam lines, and (2) to control the location of beam dump when the storage ring RF is tripped. (1) is done by tracking electrons from a photon beam line to the injection sector inversely by including the magnetic field profiles, varying the field strength with geometric aperture limits to conclude that it is impossible. (2) is done by tracking an electron with radiation in the 6-dim space for different combinations of vertical scrapers for the realistic lattice with errors.

• D. Robin, J.M. Byrd, P. Fischer, P.A. Heimann, D.H. Kim, S. Kwiatkowski, D. Li, F. Sannibale, C. Steier, W. Wan, W. Wittmer, A. Zholents
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

A scheme is studied for producing ps length pulses of x-ray radiation from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) using two RF deflecting cavities. The cavities create vertical displacements of electrons correlated with their longitudinal position in the bunch. The two cavities separated by 180 degrees of vertical phase advance. This allows the vertical kick from one cavity to be compensated by the vertical kick of the other. The location of the cavities corresponds to the end of one straight section and the beginning of the following straight section. Halfway between the cavities a bending magnet source is located. The radiation from the bend can be compressed to ~1 ps in duration.

• J.M. Byrd, Z. Hao, M.C. Martin, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, R.W. Schoenlein, A. Zholents, M.S. Zolotorev
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

At the Advanced Light Source (ALS), the "femtoslicing" beamline is in operation since 1999 for the production of x-ray synchrotron radiation pulses with femtosecond duration. The mechanism used for generating the short x-ray pulses induces at the same time temporary structures in the electron bunch longitudinal distribution with very short characteristic length. Such structures emit intense coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range. This CSR, whose measured intensity is routinely used as a diagnostics for the tune-up of the femtoslicing experiments, represents a potential source of terahertz radiation with very interesting features. Several measurements have been performed for its characterization and in this paper an updated description of the experimental results and of their interpretation is presented.

• D. Wang, dc. Cheever, M. Farkhondeh, W.A. Franklin, W. Graves, E. Ihloff, C. Tschalaer, D. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, T. Zwart, J. van der Laan
  MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
• B. Podobedov
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The study of ultra-short bunches in MIT SHR storage ring with very small momentum compactions is carried out. The ultra-short bunches are to greatly enhence the coherent radiation by many orders of magnitude. The ring lattice is resigned to reach very small momentum compaction factor down to 1·10^-5 levels. The measurement is performed with the streak camera. The various associated issues are discussed.

• M. Borland, L. Emery
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) has two insertion devices (IDs) with small-aperture vacuum chambers. The full vertical aperture in these chambers is 5 mm, while the inboard horizontal aperture is 15 mm. These devices suffer significant radiation damage, requiring frequent retuning. We recently hypothesized that the damage resulted from loss of Touschek-scattered particles on the horizontal aperture of the chambers. This results partly from the smallness of the aperture and partly from the pattern of the dispersion and beta functions in the low-emittance APS lattice. The horizontal scrapers were originally at a high-dispersion location, but, in the low-emittance lattice, they are at a fairly low-dispersion location. Similarly, the dispersion at the IDs was originally zero but is now close to the maximum for the lattice. In this paper, we summarize simulations and experiments that support our hypothesis and discuss plans to remedy the problem.

• M. Borland, V. Sajaev
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Recently, Zholents et al. proposed applying to the Advanced Photon Source an x-ray compression scheme based on a pair of crab cavities and asymmetric cut crystals. We have explored the feasibility and potential performance of this scheme through simulation. We used the code elegant to perform 6-D tracking, allowing us to characterize the emittance growth, which is mostly a result of sextupoles between the cavities. We also explored tolerances on alignment, phase, and voltage of the cavities; lifetime effects; tradeoffs between cavity frequency and voltage; and performance with slicing alone instead of compression. Our conclusion is that sub-picosecond rms x-ray pulse lengths should be feasible.

• H. Xu, H. He, W. Li, G. Liu, L. Liu, S. Shang, B. Sun, L. Wang
  USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui

• S. Hashimoto, A. Ando
  University of Hyogo, Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry (LASTI), Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo
• Y. Shoji
  LASTI, Ako-gun, Hyogo
• T. Takahashi
  KURRI, Osaka

• V.K. Grishin
  MSU, Moscow

Using opportunity of X-ray emission, arising at process of fast charge interaction with media atomic electrons, for nano-object discovery and diagnostics in substances is discussed. This kind of of X-ray emission termed as polarization bremsstrahlung radiation (PB) depends very strongly on media structure. As result spectra of PB in a media containing nano-inhomogeneities (as fullerenes, nanotubes, composite structures as fullerites) reflex structural characteristics of last ones. Fullerenes in carbon soot as example of an amorphous substance with mentioned structure inhomogeneities are considered. It is shown that spectra of PB on fullerenes contain a series of oscillations which give the valuable information about single^- ore multilayers fullerene structures. The main peak of emission is placed in energy area of PB photons less than 1-1.5 keV. Here PB obtains a coherent character due to which one PB intensity is very high because it becomes to proportional square of all fullerene electrons number. Due to PB intensity depends weakly enough on observation angle, that permits to pick up PB signal from traditional bremsstrahlung radiation, and to facilitate measurement conditions.

• A.J. Saverskiy, H. Deruyter, M. Hernandez, A.V. Mishin, D. Skowbo
  AS&E, Billerica, Massachusetts

• T. Webb, L.C. DeVeaux, F. Harmon, J.E. Petrisko, R.J. Spaulding
  IAC, Pocatello
• R. Assink
  Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
• W. Beezhold
  ISU, Pocatello, Idaho

• P. Oddo, A. Rusek, T. Russo
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The LBNL designed recycling-integrators used for the NSRL dosimetry feature excellent linearity. However, switching transients in the balancing source add a duty-cycle dependence to the response that manifests as a non-linearity near mid-scale and a slope-change above mid-scale. The onset of this non-linearity limits the typical usable dynamic range. Measurements during a recent run showed that at higher intensities the recycling-integrators would operate in the non-linear region enough to exceed the desired tolerance and over count the dose. This report will show how a FPGA, which implements the scalars, was used to compensate the non-linearity allowing higher dose-rates by effectively doubling the dynamic range of the dosimetry system.

• Y. Yin
  Y.Y. Labs, Inc., Fremont, California

• F.M. Bieniosek, S. Eylon, P.K. Roy, S. Yu
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

We have been using alumina scintillators for imaging beams in heavy-ion beam fusion experiments in 2 to 4 transverse dimensions.* The scintillator has limitations on lifetime, linearity, and time response. As a possible replacement for the scintillator, we are studying the technique of imaging the beam on a gas cloud. A gas cloud for imaging the beam may be created on a solid hole plate placed in the path of the beam, or by a localized gas puff. It is possible to image the beam using certain fast-quenching optical spectral lines that closely follow beam current density and are independent of gas density. We describe this technique and show experimental data using a nitrogen line at 394.1 nm. This approach has promise to be a new fast beam current diagnostic on a nanosecond time scale.

*FM Bieniosek, L Prost, W Ghiorso, Beam imaging diagnostics for heavy ion beam fusion experiments, Paper WPPB050, PAC 2003.

• T. Satogata, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, P. Cerniglia, J. Cupolo, A.J. Curcio, W.C. Dawson, C. Degen, J. Gullotta, J. Mead, R.J. Michnoff, T. Russo, R. Sikora
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The RHIC beam position monitor (BPM) system provides independent average orbit and turn-by-turn (TBT) position measurements. In each ring, there are 162 measurement locations per plane (horizontal and vertical) for a total of 648 BPM planes in the RHIC machine. During 2003 and 2004 shutdowns, BPM processing electronics were moved from the RHIC tunnel to controls alcoves to reduce radiation impact, and the analog signal paths of several dozen modules were modified to eliminate gain-switching relays and improve signal stability. This paper presents results of improved system performance, including stability for interaction region and sextupole beam-based alignment efforts. We also summarize performance of improved million-turn TBT acquisition channels for nonlinear dynamics and echo studies.

• V.E. Scarpine, C.W. Lindenmeyer, G. R. Tassotto
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• A.H. Lumpkin
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Optical transition radiation (OTR) detectors are being developed at Fermi National Acceleratory Laboratory (FNAL) as part of the collider Run II upgrade program and as part of the NuMI primary beamline. These detectors are designed to measure 150 GeV antiprotons as well as 120 GeV proton beams over a large range of intensities. Design and development of an OTR detector capable of measuring beam in both directions down to beam intensities of ~5·10⁹ particles for nominal beam sizes is presented. Applications of these OTR detectors as an on-line emittance monitor for both antiproton transfers and reverse-injected protons, as a Tevatron injection profile monitor, and as a high-intensity beam profile monitor for NuMI are discussed. In addition, different types of OTR foils are being evaluated for operation over the intensity range of ~5·10⁹ to over 1·10¹³ particles per pulse and these are described.

• R. Thurman-Keup, E. Lorman, T. Meyer, S. Pordes
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• S. De Santis
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The beam bunches in the Tevatron are arranged to provide gaps in time for the abort kickers to ramp to full field. The presence of even a small fraction (few 10-4)of the beam in the abort gaps can induce quenches of the superconducting magnets and inflict severe radiation damage on the silicon detectors of the experiments. Techniques for calibrating and measuring the intensity of the beam in the abort gap using synchrotron light and a gated photomultiplier tube are described. Measurements of the evolution and longitudinal profile of the beam in the abort gap are presented.

• M. Tejima, A. Arinaga, H. Fukuma, S. Hiramatsu, T. Ieiri, I. Ishii, M. Tobiyama
  KEK, Ibaraki

• T.C. Tseng, J.-R. Chen, H.C. Ho, C.-K. Kuan, C.J. Lin, S.Y. Perng, D.-J. Wang, J. Wang
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• T. Watanabe, M. Babzien, K. Kusche, V. Yakimenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

• I.P. Pinayev, S.L. Kramer, J. Rose, T.V. Shaftan
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The National Synchrotron Light Source is performing R&D of a new 3 GeV electron storage ring to be used for the facility upgrade. To satisfy the demands for the brightness and stability of the future light source a state-of-the-art diagnostics system is a necessity. We present our preliminary design with focus on the requirements for instrumentation and technical solutions to achieve them.

• T.K. Kroc, T.B. Bolshakov, A.V. Burov, A.V. Shemyakin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• S. Seletsky
  Rochester University, Rochester, New York

The Fermilab Electron Cooling Project requires a straight trajectory and constant beam size to provide effective cooling of the antiprotons in the Recycler. A measurement system was developed using movable appertures and steering bumps to measure the beam size in a 20 m long, nearly continuous, solenoid. This paper discusses the required beam parameters, the implimentation of the measurement system and results for our application.

• M.E. Bevins, A.R. Day, P. Degtiarenko, L.A. Dillon-Townes, A. Freyberger, R. Gilman, A. Saha, S. Slachtouski
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

A calorimeter has been proposed to provide 0.5% - 1.0% absolute measurements of beam current in the Hall A end station of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) CEBAF machine. Silver and copper calorimeters built in the 1960’s achieved precisions of about 1%. Modern powder metallurgy processes have produced high density, high thermal conductivity tungsten-copper composite materials that will minimize beam loss while maintaining a rapid thermal response time. Heat leaks will be minimized by mounting the mass in vacuum on glass ceramic mounts. A conduction cooling scheme utilizes an advanced carbon fiber compliant thermal interface material. Transient finite difference and finite element models were developed to estimate heat leaks and thermal response times.

• Y. Fukui, D. Cline, F. Zhou
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• A. Aryshev, V. Karataev, T. Muto, M. Tobiyama, J.U. Urakawa
  KEK, Ibaraki
• P.R. Bolton, M.C. Ross
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• R. Hamatsu
  TMU, Hatioji-shi,Tokyo
• G.A. Naumenko, A. Potylitsyn, A. Sharafutdinov
  Tomsk Polytechnic University, Physical-Technical Department, Tomsk

• R. Ischebeck, C.D. Barnes, I. Blumenfeld, F.-J. Decker, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, D.K. Johnson, W. Lu, K.A. Marsh
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• S. Deng, E. Oz
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• N.A. Kirby
  Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia

The accelerating field that can be obtained in a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator depends on the current of the electron beam that excites the wake. In the E-167 experiment, a peak current above 10kA will be delivered at a particle energy of 28GeV. The bunch has a length of a few ten micrometers and several methods are used to measure its longitudinal profile. Among these, autocorrelation of coherent transition radiation (CTR) is employed. The beam passes a thin metallic foil, where it emits transition radiation. For wavelengths greater than the bunch length, this transition radiation is emitted coherently. This amplifies the long-wavelength part of the spectrum. A scanning Michelson interferometer is used to autocorrelate the CTR. However, this method requires the contribution of many bunches to build an autocorrelation trace. The measurement is influenced by the transmission characteristics of the vacuum window and beam splitter. We present here an analysis of materials, as well as possible layouts for a single shot CTR autocorrelator.

• R. Ischebeck, F.-J. Decker, M.J. Hogan, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• C.E. Clayton, C. Huang, W. Lu
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• S. Deng, E. Oz
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• M. Lincoln
  Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia

In the plasma wakefield acceleration experiment E-167, optical transition radiation is used to measure the transverse profile of the electron bunches before and after the plasma acceleration. The distribution of the electric field from a single electron does not give a point-like distribution on the detector, but has a certain extension. Additionally, the resolution of the imaging system is affected by aberrations. The transverse profile of the bunch is thus convolved with a point spread function (PSF). Algorithms that deconvolve the image can help to improve the resolution. Imaged test patterns are used to determine the modulation transfer function of the lens. From this, the PSF can be reconstructed. The Lucy-Richardson algorithm is used to deconvolute this PSF from test images.

• W.J. Corbett, C. Limborg-Deprey, W.Y. Mok, A. Ringwall
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

SPEAR 3 is equipped with an x-ray pinhole camera and a visible/UV beam line to evaluate electron beam properties. The pinhole camera has a 30 x 25 micron Ta aperture and 60% image demagnification on a phosphor screen. The image is captured by a National Instruments frame-grabber on a remote computer with a parallel video signal for control room monitoring. The visible/UV beam line features a horizontal ± 0.3 mrad ‘cold finger’ to remove the x-ray core of the beam. The remaining visible/UV light is deflected 18 degrees onto an optical bench where it is focused via refractive Cassegrain optics. The beam is then split into parallel optics for gated- and streak camera measurements. This paper describes the experimental set up and preliminary measurements obtained with both systems.

• P. Muggli
  USC, Los Angeles, California
• C.D. Barnes, M.J. Hogan, P. Krejcik, R. Siemann, D.R. Walz
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb
  DESY, Hamburg

Ultrashort electron bunches are now available at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and are use mainly to produce short bursts of x-rays in a magnetic undulator and for plasma wakefield acceleration experiments. The shortest bunches have an rms longitudinal width of ˜10 microns, and a peak current of about 30 kA. Methods to measure such short bunch lengths include electro-optic modulation of a short laser pulse in a nonlinear crystal and coherent transition (CTR) autocorrelation. The transition radiation spectrum emitted by the bunches when traversing a 1 micron thin titanium foil is coherent for wavelengths longer that the bunch length and extends into the millimeter wavelength range. A CTR far-infrared autocorrelator was used to measure the bunch length as a function of the accelerator. The results obtained with this autocorrelator are the only measurements of the SLAC ultra-short bunches to date. Experimental results, as well as the limitations of the measurements and the future improvements to the autocorrelator will be presented.

• A.H. Lumpkin, W. Berg, N. Sereno, C. Yao
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The development of nonintercepting (NI) diagnostics continues to be of interest at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) as well as elsewhere. In the three rings of the APS facility we use optical synchrotron radiation generated as the electron beam transits the dipole magnetic fields as an NI mechanism to image the beam during top-up operations. However, in the straight transport lines an alternative method is needed. Optical diffraction radiation (ODR) is under investigation to monitor 7-GeV beam trajectory and potentially transverse shape in the booster-to-storage ring (BTS) beamline during top-up operations. We have performed our initial measurements with an Al blade/mirror that served as an optical transition radiation (OTR) monitor when fully inserted into the beam and as an ODR monitor when the beam passed near the edge. In the case of ODR, appreciable signal is emitted by the metal when gamma times the reduced ODR wavelength is comparable to the impact parameter, where gamma is the Lorentz factor. Visible light optics and a standard CCD camera could thus be used for a few-mm impact parameter. We attribute the near-field signal for 1.5- to 3.0-mm impact parameters predominately to the ODR mechanism.

• B.X. Yang, J.L. Bailey, S.J. Stein, D.R. Walters
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), a free-electron x-ray laser, is under design and construction. Its high intensity electron beam, 3400 A in peak current and 46 TW in peak power, is concentrated in a small area (30 micrometer rms in both horizontal and vertical directions) inside its undulator. Ten optical transition radiation (OTR) imagers are planned between the undulator segments for the characterization of the transverse profiles of the electron beam. In this paper, we present the performance requirements and technical requirements of the OTR imagers. We will discuss in detail the design of the OTR screen, the arrangement and modeling of the imaging optics, and the mechanical design and analysis of the compact camera module. Through a unique optical arrangement, this imager will achieve a fine resolution (12 micrometer rms or better) over the entire field of view (5 mm × 5 mm). The compact camera module will fit in the limited space available with remote focus adjustment. A digital camera will be used to read out the beam images in a programmable region (5 mm × 0.5 mm) at the full beam repetition rate (120 Hz), or over the entire field at a lower rate (15 Hz).

• S.F. Lin, H. Gao, P. Lu, B. Sun, J. Wang
  USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui

Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (10275062) and CAS Knowledge Innovation Project (KY4206).

• D. Mihalcea, C.L. Bohn
  Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
• U. Happek
  UGA, Athens, Georgia
• P. Piot
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

• M. Masaki
  JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo

• P. Degtiarenko, D.W. Dotson, V.P. Popov
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The new proposed method of beam position measurement is particularly suitable for monitoring high energy, and high power accelerated beams of charged particles in the vicinity of power beam dumps. Generally, the beam quality in those areas is very poor, and any equipment positioned there must be extremely resistant to radiation damage. We have found that a plate made of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Silicon Carbide (SiC) has a set of physical properties that make it suitable for such an application. CVD SiC material is a chemically inert, extremely radiation-hard, thermo-resistive semiconductor capable of withstanding working temperatures up to 2000 degrees Kelvin. It has good thermal conductivity comparable to that of Aluminum, which makes it possible to use it in high-current particle beams. High electrical resistivity of the material, and its semiconductor properties allow characterization of the position of a particle beam crossing such a plate by measuring balance of electrical currents at the plate ends. The design of a test device, and first results are presented in the report.

• H.G. Kirk, H. Ludewig, L.F. Mausner, N. Simos, P. Thieberger
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• Y. Hayato, K. Yoshimura
  KEK, Ibaraki
• K.T. McDonald
  PU, Princeton, New Jersey
• J. Sheppard
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• L.P. Trung
  Stony Brook University, Stony Brook

The long term survivability of materials which can be used either for high-intensity targets or for the environment surrounding the target can be greatly influenced by how the physical properties of the material are altered by radiation damage. We have irradiated several candidate materials and report here on physical properties before and after irradiation.

• M. Yoshioka, H. Kobayashi, T. Oogoe, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Watanabe
  KEK, Ibaraki
• Y. Kuniyasu
  MELCO SC, Tsukuba
• H. Oki, Y. Takiyama
  ,

J-PARC comprises a 400 MeV linac (181 MeV at the first stage), a 3 GeV rapid-cycling synchrotron and a 50 GeV synchrotron (Main Ring), which will provide high power proton beam to the material and life science facility, the neutrino facility and the nuclear and particle physics experimental hall. The installation of the accelerator components for the Main Ring will be started on mid. 2005 and the beam commissioning is scheduled in end of 2007. This paper describes the installation scenario of the accelerator components into the main ring tunnel and the development of radiation maintenance scenario for the beam injection and ejection systems.

• Z.-D. Tsai, J.-C. Chang, C.-Y. Liu
  NSRRC, Hsinchu
• J.-R. Chen
  NTHU, Hsinchu

• M. Wilinski, S. Bellavia, J. Glenn, L.F. Mausner, K.L. Unger
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The Brookhaven 200 MeV linac is a multipurpose machine used to inject low intensity polarized protons ultimately ending up in RHIC as well as to inject high intensity protons to BLIP, a medical isotope production facility. If high intensity protons were injected to RHIC by mistake, administrative radiation limits could be exceeded or sensitive electronics could be damaged. In the past, the changeover from polarized proton to high intensity proton operation has been a lengthy process, thereby never allowing the two programs to run simultaneously. To remedy this situation and allow for concurrent operation of RHIC and BLIP, an active interlock system has been designed to monitor current levels in the AGS using two current transformers with fail safe circuitry and associated electronics to inhibit beam to RHIC if high intensity is detected.

• E.W. Blackmore, A.S. Dowling, R. Ruegg, M.C. Stenning
  TRIUMF, Vancouver

• S. Bellavia, S.A. Kahn, H.G. Kirk, H. Ludewig, D. Raparia, N. Simos
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Thermodynamic studies have been performed for the beam target and focusing horn system to be used in a very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A 2mm rms beam spot with power deposition of over 18 KW presents challenging material and engineering solutions to this project. Given that the amount of heat transferred by radiation alone from the target to the horn is quite small, the primary mechanism is heat removal by forced convection in the annular space between the target and the horn. The key elements are the operating temperature of the target, the temperature of the cooling fluid and the heat generation rate in the volume of the target that needs to be removed. These working parameters establish the mass flow rate and velocity of the coolant necessary to remove the generated heat. Several cooling options were explored using a carbon-carbon target and aluminum horn. Detailed analysis, trade studies and simulations were performed for cooling the horn and target with gaseous helium as well as water.

• F.T. Degasperi
  FATEC-SP, Sao Paulo, SP
• M.N. Martins, J. Takahashi
  USP/LAL, Bairro Butantan
• L.L. Verardi
  IBILCE - UNESP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP

This work presents numerical results for the pressure field distribution along the axis of conical tube with outgassing plus a transient degassing. Several areas of applied physics deal with problems in high-vacuum and ultra high-vacuum technology that present tubular form. In many cases one finds conical tubes, which are frequently present in particle accelerators, colliders, storage rings and several electron devices. This work presents and describes in detail the pressure field in a conical tube with a transient gas source, for instance, when particles from the beam hit the walls, plus the steady state outgassing. Mathematical and physical formulations are detailed, and the boundary conditions are discussed. These concepts and approach are applied to usual realistic cases, with typical laboratory dimensions.

• M. Seidel, R. Bospflug, J. Boster, W. Giesske, U. Naujoks, M. Schwartz
  DESY, Hamburg

• C. Rathjen, S. Blanchard, B. Henrist, K. Koelemeijer, B. Libera, P. Lutkiewicz
  CERN, Geneva

• Y. Wang, L. Fan, C. Y. Guan, D. M. Jiang, J. P. Wang, W. Wei, F. Y. Zhao
  USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui

• D.W. Dotson, J. Mammosser
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

There is a relationship between field emissions in a Super Conducting RF cavity and the production of radiation (mostly X-rays). External (room temperature) detectors are shielded from the onset of low energy X-rays by the vacuum and cryogenic stainless steel module walls. An internal measuring system for mapping field emissions would assist scientists and engineers in perfecting surface deposition and acid washing module surfaces. Two measurement systems are undergoing cryogenic testing at JLab. One is an active CsI photodiode array and the second is an X-ray film camera. The CsI array has operated sucessfully in a cavity in liquid Helium but saturated at higher power due to scattering in the cavity. A shield with an aperature similar to the X-ray film detector is being designed for the next series of tests which will be completed before PAC-05.

• D.W. Dotson, D.J. Seidman
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

The Beam loss Ion Chamber System (BLICS) was developed to protect Jefferson Labs transport lines, targets and beam dumps from a catastrophic "burn through." Range changes and testing was accomplished manually requiring the experiment to be shut down. The new upgraded system is based around an "off the shelf" Programmable Logic Controller located in a single controll box supporting up to ten individual detectors. All functions that formerly required an entry into the experimental hall and manual adjustment can be accomplished from the Machine Control Center (MCC). A further innovation was the addition of a High Voltage "Brick" at the detector location. A single cable supplies the required voltage for the Brick and a return line for the ion chamber signal. The read back screens display range, trip point, and accumulated dose for each location. The new system is very cost effective and significantly reduces the amount of lost experimental time.

• F. Zimmermann, M. Korostelev, D. Schulte
  CERN, Geneva
• T.A. Agoh, K. Yokoya
  KEK, Ibaraki

• G.R. White, G.R. White
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The luminosity performance of the ILC will be very sensitive to the parameters of the colliding bunches. Only some of these parameters can be measured using planned instrumentation. This analysis aims to access some of the colliding beam parameters not available by other means and to improve on the resolution of those that are. GUINEA-PIG is used to simulate the beam-beam interactions and produce beamstrahlung radiation (e+/e^- pairs and photons). These are tracked to a simulation of the low-angle Beam Calorimeter and a photon detector and event shapes are produced. A Taylor map is produced to transform from the event shapes to the simulated beam parameters. This paper reports on the progress of this analysis, examining the usefulness of the proposed fitting technique.

• G. Dugan
  Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York

The International Linear Collider requires very low transverse emittance beams in order to realize the specified high luminosity. These beams are conventionally produced using radiation damping in specially designed damping rings. A linear damping system, consisting of alternating wigglers and accelerating structures arranged in a straight line, can be considered to replace, or to augment, conventional damping rings. In this paper, the basic features, feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages, of such systems, as applied to the International Linear Collider, will be discussed.

• N.V. Mokhov, A.I. Drozhdin, M.A. Kostin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Synchrotron radiation, spray from the dumps and extraction lines, beam-gas and beam halo interactions with collimators and other components in the ILC beam delivery system create fluxes of muons and other secondaries which can exceed the tolerable levels at a detector by a few orders of magnitude. It is shown that with a multi-stage collimation system, magnetized iron spoilers which fill the tunnel and a set of masks in the detector, one can hopefully meet the design goals. Results of modeling with the STRUCT and MARS15 codes of beam loss and energy deposition effects are presented in this paper. We concentrate on collimation system and mask design and optimization, short- and long-term survivability of the critical components (spoilers, absorbers, magnets, separators, dumps), dynamic heat loads and radiation levels in magnets and other components, machine-related backgrounds and damage in collider detectors, and environmental aspects (prompt dose, ground-water and air activation).

• A. Wolski, D.A. Bates, J.M. Byrd
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

Options being considered for the ILC Damping Rings include lattices with circumferences up to 17 km. The circumference, beam current and beam energy place the damping rings in a regime where resistive-wall instability is a concern, particularly as there are very demanding tolerances on the bunch-to-bunch jitter. Generally, it is possible to make good analytical estimates of the coupled-bunch growth rates in a storage ring, but particular features of the damping rings (including the fill pattern, large variations of the lattice functions and beam-pipe cross-section in different parts of the ring, and transverse beam coupling in the long straight sections) make it desirable to study the coupled-bunch instabilities using simulations. Here, we present the results of simulations of the transverse instabilities using a detailed lattice model. A bunch-by-bunch feedback system will be needed to suppress the instabilities, and a model for an appropriate feedback system is included in the simulations.

• A. Meseck, K. Goldammer
  BESSY GmbH, Berlin

BESSY proposes a linac-based cascaded High-Gain Harmonic-Generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL) multi-user facility. The BESSY soft X-ray FEL will consist of three undulator lines. The associated tunable lasers will cover the spectral range of 230nm to 460nm. Two to four HGHG stages reduce the seed wavelength to the desired radiation range of 1.24nm < λ < 51nm. The harmonic content of the high-intensity radiator output can be used to reduce the number of necessary HGHG stages. Moreover the higher harmonic content of the final output extends the offered spectral range and thus is of high interest for the user community. In this paper, the higher harmonic content of the final output as well as of the output of several radiators are investigated. The main parameters such as output power, pulse duration and bandwidth as well as their suitability for seeding are discussed.

• C. Gerth, Mr. Roehrs, H. Schlarb
  DESY, Hamburg

• J.-S. Oh, I.S. Ko, T.-Y. Lee, W. Namkung
  PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk

The PAL XFEL will supply coherent radiations from VUV to X-rays. X-ray FEL for 0.3 nm lasing requires a 3-GeV driver linac and a 60-m long in-vacuum undulator with a narrow variable gap. The linac should supply highly bright beams with emittance of 1.2 mm-mrad, a peak current of 3.5 kA, and a low energy spread of 0.03%. The beam quality is degraded along the undulator trajectory due to the energy loss, the wake field, and the magnetic field errors, etc. Especially the wake field effect is most sensitive parameter due to the narrow gap of the undulator. The preliminary design details of undulators for PAL-XFEL are presented with parametric analysis. The temporal SASE performance is analyzed using simulation tools such as GENESIS and SIMPLEX.

• B.W.J. McNeil, G.R.M. Robb
  Strathclyde University, Glasgow
• M.W. Poole
  CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire

We present a possible method of inducing a periodic density modulation in a particle beam with little increase in the energy dispersion of the particles. The flow of particles in phase space does not obey Liouville's Theorem. The method relies upon the Kuramoto-like model of collective synchronism found in free electron generators of radiation, such as Cyclotron Resonance Masers and the Free Electron Laser. For the case of an FEL interaction, electrons initially begin to bunch and emit radiation energy with a correlated energy dispersion which is periodic with the FEL ponderomotive potential. The relative phase between potential and particles is then changed by approximately 180 degrees. The particles continue to bunch, however, there is now a correlated re-absorption of energy from the field. We show that, by repeating this relative phase change many times, a significant density modulation of the particles may be achieved with only relatively small energy dispersion. A similar method of repeated relative electron/radiation phase changes is used to demonstrate supression of the fundamental growth in a high gain FEL so that the FEL lases at the harmonic only.

• Z. Huang, G.V. Stupakov
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• G. Andonian, R.B. Agustsson, P. Frigola, A.Y. Murokh, C. Pellegrini, S. Reiche, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko, V. Yakimenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• I. Boscolo, S. Cialdi, A.F. Flacco
  INFN-Milano, Milano
• M. Ferrario, L. Palumbo, C. Vicario
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• J.Y. Huang
  PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk

• V. Litvinenko, I. Ben-Zvi
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

One of the designs of a future electron-hadron collider, eRHIC, is based on a 5-10 GeV high current energy-recovery linac (ERL) with possible extension of its energy to 20 GeV. This ERL will operate with high brightness electron beams, which naturally match requirements for X-ray FELs and other next generation light sources. In this paper we discuss possible scenarios of using the eRHIC ERL in parasitic and dedicated mode for SASE, HGHG and oscillator X-ray FELs.

*http://www.agsrhichome.bnl.gov/eRHIC/, Appendix A: Linac-Ring Option

• B.X. Yang
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a fourth-generation light. Its proper operation requires a stringently controlled undulator field. The tolerance for the field parameter K is less than 1.5 × 10^-4 for all thirty-three undulator segments totaling 112 meters. Even with the high quality of the LCLS electron beam (x- and y-emittance ~ 44 pm, energy spread ~0.03%), the fluctuation of the electron energy (~0.05%) presents a serious challenge to measurement techniques based on electron or x-ray beams. We propose a differential measurement technique that makes use of the angle-integrated spontaneous radiation intensities from two undulator segments. When the x-ray beams emitted from the two undulator segments are separated but allowed to pass through the same monochromator, the two beam intensities will change almost identically with the change of electron beam energy. As a result, the intensity difference becomes a very sensitive and reliable measure of the difference of the two undulators’ K-parameters. Results of comprehensive numerical simulations show that differences in the range of delta-K/K ~ 10^-5 can be resolved, well within the tolerance for the LCLS operation.

• S. Reiche
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California
• K.L.F. Bane, P. Emma, Z. Huang, H.-D. Nuhn, G.V. Stupakov
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• W.M. Fawley
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Free-Electron Laser will operate in the wavelength range of 1.5 to 15 Angstroms. Energy loss due to wakefields within the long undulator can degrade the FEL process by detuning the resonant FEL frequency. The wakefields arise from the vacuum chamber wall resistivity, its surface roughness, and abrupt changes in its aperture. For LCLS parameters, the resistive component is the most critical and depends upon the chamber material (e.g. Cu) and its radius. To study the expected performance in the presence of these wakefields, we make a series of "start-to-end" simulations with tracking codes PARMELA and ELEGANT and time-dependent FEL simulation codes Genesis 1.3 and Ginger. We discuss the impact of the wakefield on output energy, spectral bandwidth, and temporal envelope of the output FEL pulse, as well as the benefits of a partial compensation obtained with a slight z dependent taper in the undulator field. We compare these results to those obtained by decreasing the bunch charge or increasing the vacuum chamber radius. We also compare our results to those predicted in concurrent analytical work.

• G. Penn, A. Zholents
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

We describe a technique for the generation of an isolated burst of X-ray radiation with a duration of ~100 attoseconds in a free electron laser (FEL) employing self-amplified spontaneous emission. Our scheme relies on an initial interaction of the electron beam with an ultra-short laser pulse in a one-period wiggler followed by compression in a dispersive section. The result of this interaction is to create a sub-femtosecond slice of the electron beam with enhanced growth rates for FEL amplification. After many gain lengths through the FEL undulator, the X-ray output from this slice dominates the radiation of the entire bunch. We consider the impact of various effects on the efficiency of this technique. Different configurations are considered in order to realize various timing structures for the resulting radiation.

• P. Emma, Z. Huang, J. Wu
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

• C. Johnstone, A. Bross, I. Rakhno
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

A new experimental area designed to develop, test and verify muon ionization cooling using the 400- MeV Fermilab Linac proton beam began construction in spring, 2002. This area will be used initially for cryogenic tests of liquid-hydrogen absorbers for the MUCOOL R&D program and, later, for high-power beam tests of these absorbers and other prototype muon-cooling apparatus. The experimental scenarios being developed for muon facilities involve collection, capture, and cooling of large-emittance, high-intensity muon beams–~1013 muons at a repetition rate of 15Hz, so that conclusive tests of the apparatus require full Linac beam, or 1.6 x 1013 p at 15 Hz. To support the muon cooling facility, a new primary beamline will divert beam from the Linac to the test facility. Located southwest of Wilson Hall between the Linac berm and parking lot, implementation of the facility and associated beamline takes advantage of civil construction and resources that remain from the 400-MeV Linac Upgrade Project. The design concept for the MuCool facility is taken from an earlier proposal, but modifications to the existing proposal were necessary to accommodate high-intensity beam, cryogenics, and the increased scale of the cooling experiments.

• R.M. Ronningen, V. Blideanu, G. Bollen, D. Lawton, P.F. Mantica, D.J. Morrissey, B. Sherrill, A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
• L. Ahle, J.L. Boles, S. Reyes, W. Stein
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• J.R. Beene, W. Burgess, H.K. Carter, D.L. Conner, T.A. Gabriel, L.K. Mansur, R. Remec, M.J. Rennich, D.W. Stracener, M. Wendel
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• T.A. Bredeweg, F.M. Nortier, D.J. Vieira
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• P. Bricault
  TRIUMF, Vancouver
• L.H. Heilbronn
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Physics, within the Office of Science (SC), has given high priority to consider and analyze design concepts for the target areas for the production of rare isotopes via the ISOL technique at the Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Facility. Key criteria are the maximum primary beam power of 400 kW, minimizing target change-out time, good radiological protection, flexibility with respect to implementing new target concepts, and the analysis and minimization of hazards associated with the operation of the facility. We will present examples of on-going work on simulations of radiation heating of targets, surrounding components and shielding, component activation, and levels of radiation dose, using the simulation codes MARS, MCNPX, and PHITS. These results are important to make decisions that may have a major impact on the layout, operational efficiency and cost of the facility, hazard analysis, shielding design, civil construction, component design, and material selection, overall layout, and remote handling concepts.

• R.M. Ronningen, V. Blideanu, G. Bollen, D. Lawton, D.J. Morrissey, B. Sherrill, A. Zeller
  NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
• L. Ahle, J.L. Boles, S. Reyes, W. Stein, A. Stoyer
  LLNL, Livermore, California
• J.R. Beene, W. Burgess, H.K. Carter, D.L. Conner, T.A. Gabriel, L.K. Mansur, R. Remec, M.J. Rennich, D.W. Stracener, M. Wendel
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• H. Geissel, H. Iwase
  GSI, Darmstadt
• I.C. Gomes, F. Levand, Y. Momozaki, J.A. Nolen, B. Reed
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois
• L.H. Heilbronn
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The development of high-power beam dumps and catchers, and pre-separator layouts for proposed fragment separators of the Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility are important in realizing how to handle the 400 kW in the primary beam. We will present examples of pre-conceptual designs of beam dumps, fragment catchers, and the pre-separator layout. We will also present examples of ongoing work on radiation simulations using the heavy-ion-transport code PHITS, characterizing the secondary radiation produced by the high-power ion beams interacting with these devices. Results on radiation heating of targets, magnet coils, associated hardware and shielding, component activation, and levels of radiation dose will be presented. These initial studies will yield insight into the impact of the high-power dissipation on fragment separator design, remote handling concepts, nuclear safety and potential facility hazard classification, shielding design, civil construction design, component design, and material choices. Furthermore, they will provide guidance on detailed radiation analyses as designs mature.

• W. Zhang, S. Bellavia, J. Sandberg, N. Simos, J.E. Tuozzolo, W.-T. Weng
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• B. Hseuh
  JHU, Baltimore, Maryland

The secondary particle focusing horn for the AGS neutrino experiment proposal is a high current and high current density device. The peak current of horn is 300 kA. At the smallest area of horn, the current density is near 8 kA/mm2. At very high current density, a few kA/mm2, the electromigration phenomena will occur. Momentum transfer between electrons and metal atoms at high current density causes electromigration. The reliability and lifetime of focusing horn can be severely reduced by electromigration. In this paper, we discuss issues such as device reliability model, incubation time of electromigration, and lifetime of horn.

• S. Rimjaem, V. Jinamoon, Mr. Kangrang, K. Kusoljariyakul, J. Saisut, C. Thongbai, T. Vilaithong
  FNRF, Chiang Mai
• M.W. Rhodes, P. Wichaisirimongkol
  IST, Chiang Mai
• H. Wiedemann
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The SURIYA project at the Fast Neutron Research Facility (FNRF) has been established and is being commissioning to generate femtosecond electron pulses. Theses short pulses are produced by a system consisting of an S-band thermionic cathode RF-gun, an alpha magnet as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator. The characteristics of its major components and the beam characterizations as well as the preliminary experimental results will be presented and discussed.

• C. Thongbai, V. Jinamoon, Mr. Kangrang, K. Kusoljariyakul, S. Rimjaem, J. Saisut, T. Vilaithong
  FNRF, Chiang Mai
• M.W. Rhodes, P. Wichaisirimongkol
  IST, Chiang Mai
• H. Wiedemann
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Femtosecond electron and photon pulses become a tool of interesting important to study dynamics at molecular or atomic levels. Such short pulses can be generated from a system consisting of an RF-gun with a thermionic cathode, an alpha magnet as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator. The femtosecond electron pulses can be used directly or used as sources to produce electromagnetic radiation of equally short pulses by choosing certain kind of radiation pruduction processes. At the Fast Neutron Research Facility (Thailand), we are especially interested in production of radiation in Far-infrared and X-ray regime. In the far-infrared wavelengths which are longer than the femtosecond pulse length, the radiation is emitted coherently producing intense radiation. In the X-ray regime, development of femtosecond X-ray source is crucial for application in ultrafast science.

• W. Chou, D. Wildman
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• A. Takagi
  KEK, Ibaraki
• H. Zheng
  CALTECH, Pasadena, California

A wideband RF system (the barrier RF) has been built and installed in the Fermilab Main Injector. The cavities are made of low Q Finemet cores. The modulators use high voltage fast solid-state switches. It can generate ±7 kV single square voltage pulses. It is used to stack two proton batches to double the bunch intensity for pbar production. The stacked high intensity beams have been successfully accelerated to 120 GeV with small losses. A new test to continuously stack 12 batches for the NuMI experiment is under way.

• W. Chou, A.I. Drozhdin, C. Hill, M.A. Kostin, J.-F. Ostiguy, Z. Tang
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
• H.C. Bryant
  UNM, Albuquerque, New Mexico
• R.J. Macek
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• G. Rees
  CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• P.S. Yoon
  Rochester University, Rochester, New York

Fermilab is working on the design of an 8 GeV superconducting RF H^- linac called the Proton Driver. The energy of the H^- beam is an order of magnitude higher than any existing H^- beams. This brings up a number of new challenges to the transport, stripping and injection into the next machine (the Main Injector), such as blackbody radiation stripping, magnetic field and residual gas stripping, Stark states of hydrogen atoms, foil stripping efficiency, single and multiple Coulomb scattering, energy deposition, foil heating and stress, radiation activation, collimation, jitter correction, etc. This paper will give a summary of these studies.*

*For details the reader is referred to FERMILAB-TM-2285-AD-T.

• E. Mustafin, J. Kaugerts, G. Moritz, G. Walter
  GSI, Darmstadt
• L.N. Latysheva, N. Sobolevskiy
  RAS/INR, Moscow

Radiation damage to various elements of the cosine-theta type dipoles of the SIS300 synchrotron of the FAIR Project was calculated. Among the elements under consideration were the superconducting cable, insulating materials, and high-current by-pass protection diodes. The Monte-Carlo particle transport codes MARS and SHIELD were used to simulate propagation of the lost ions and protons, together with the products of nuclear interactions in the material of the elements. It was found that the lifetime of the protection diodes under irradiation is a more restrictive limit for the tolerable level of beam losses than the occurrence of magnet quenches.

• C. Vaccarezza, R. Cimino
  INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
• A. Giglia, N. Mahne
  ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
• S. Nannarone
  UNIMORE, Modena

• S.R. Reeves, C.C. Jensen
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The temperature stability of the kicker magnet termination resistor assembly directly affects the field flatness and amplitude stability of the kick. Comprehensive thermal enhancements were made to the existing Main Injector resistor assembly design to satisfy NuMI performance specifications. Additionally, a fluid-processing system utilizing Fluorinert® FC-77 high-voltage dielectric was built to precisely control the setpoint temperature of the resistor assembly from 70 to 120F, required to maintain constant resistance during changing operational modes. The Fluorinert® must be continually processed to remove hazardous breakdown products caused by radiation exposure to prevent chemical attack of system components. Design details of the termination resistor assembly and Fluorinert® processing system are described. Early performance results will be presented.

• L. Wang, T.L. Houck, G.A. Westenskow
  LLNL, Livermore, California

An anode stalk support insulator in a magnetically insulated transmission line was designed and modeled. One of the important design criteria is that within space constraints, the electric field along the insulator surface has to be minimized in order to prevent a surface flashover. In order to further reduce the field on the insulator surface, metal rings between insulator layers were also specially shaped. To facilitate the design process, electric field simulations were performed to determine the maximum field stress on the insulator surfaces and the transmission line chamber.

• D. Schmied, E. Burtin, P. Guerin, M. Hahn, R. Kersevan
  ESRF, Grenoble

• C.R. Chen, F.D. Chang, S.-P. Kao, Joseph. Liu, R.J. Sheu, J.P. Wang
  NSRRC, Hsinchu

• K.A. Brown, S. Binello, M. Harvey, J. Morris, A. Rusek, N. Tsoupas
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space program. The NSRL makes use of heavy ions in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted from BNL's AGS Booster. NASA is interested in reproducing the energy spectrum from a solar flare in the space environment for a single ion species. To do this we have built and tested a set of software tools which allow the state of the Booster and the NSRL beam line to be changed automatically. In this report we will desribe the system and present results of beam tests.

• M. Fouaidy, S. Blivet, F. Chatelet, N. Hammoudi, G.M. Martinet, A. Olivier, H. Saugnac
  IPN, Orsay

In the frame of the CARE project activities, supported by EU, IPN Orsay participate to the development of a fast cold tuning system for SRF cavities operating at a temperature T=2 K. The study is aimed at full characterization of piezoelectric actuators at low temperature. A new experimental facility was developed for testing various prototypes piezoelectric actuators and successfully operated for T in the range 1.8 K-300 K. Different parameters were investigated as function of T: piezoelectric actuator displacement vs. applied voltage V, capacitance vs. T, dielectric and thermal properties vs. T and finally heating DT due to dielectric losses vs. modulating voltage Vmod and frequency. We observed a decrease of the Full Range Displacement (FRD or DX) of the actuator from ~40μm @ 300K down to 1.8μm-3μm @ 1.8K, depending on both material and fabrication process of the piezostacks. Besides, both material and fabrication process have a strong influence on the shape of the characteristics DX vs. T dependence. Moreover, the variations of losses tangent with T show a maximum at T in the range 30 K-120 K. Finally a dedicated facility located at CERI (Orléans, France) for radiation hardness tests of actuators with fast neutrons at T=4.2 K was developed and the first beam tests results are summarized.

• A.V. Mishin
  AS&E, Billerica, Massachusetts