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| MOPA004 | Status of Slip Stacking at Fermilab Main Injector | beam-loading, target, injection, emittance | 347 | ||
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Funding: Operated by Universities Research Association, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76CH03000. |
In order to increase proton intensity on anti proton production cycle of the Main Injector we are going to use the technique of 'slip stacking' and doing machine studies. In slip stacking, one bunch train is injected at slightly lower energy and second train is at slightly higher energy. Afterwards they are aligned longitudinally and captured with one rf bucket. This longitudinal stacking process is expected to double the bunch intensity. The required intensity for anti proton production is 8·1012 protons in 84 bunches. Beam studies of the slip stacking process have started and we have already established that the stacking procedure works as expected for a low beam intensity. In order to make this stacking process usable for higher intensity beam in standard mode of operation, we are working on high intensity beam and the development of the feedback and feed forward system is under way. |
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| MPPE055 | Fitting the Fully Coupled ORM for the Fermilab Booster | lattice, focusing, quadrupole, simulation | 3322 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported in part by grants from DE-AC02-76CH03000, DOE DE-FG02-92ER40747 and NSF PHY-0244793. |
The orbit response matrix (ORM) method* is applied to model the Fermilab Booster with parameters such as the BPM gains and rolls, and parameters in the lattice model, including the gradient errors and magnets rolls. We found that the gradients and rolls of the adjacent combined-function magnets were deeply correlated, preventing full determination of the model parameters. Suitable constraints of the parameters were introduced to guarantee an unique, equivalent solution. Simulations show that such solution preserves proper combinations of the adjacent parameters. The result shows that the gradient errors of combined-function magnets are within design limits. *J. Safranek, Nucl. Instr and Meth. A, {\bf 388}, 27 (1997). |
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| MPPT010 | A New Correction Magnet Package for the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron | quadrupole, sextupole, dipole, multipole | 1204 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000. |
Since its initial operation over 30 years ago, most correction magnets in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron have only been able to fully correct the orbit, tunes, coupling, and chromaticity at injection (400MeV). We have designed a new correction package, including horizontal and vertical dipoles, normal and skew quadrupoles, and normal and skew sextupoles, to provide control up to the extraction energy (8GeV). In addition to tracking the 15Hz cycle of the main, combined function magnets, the quadrupoles and sextupoles must swing through their full range in 1ms during transition crossing. The magnet is made from 12 water-cooled racetrack coils and an iron core with 12 poles, dramatically reducing the effective magnet air gap and increasing the corrector efficiency. Magnetic field analyses of different combinations of multipoles are included. |
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| MPPT013 | New Pulsed Orbit Bump Magnets for the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron | injection, vacuum, quadrupole, linac | 1341 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000. |
The beam from the Fermilab Linac is injected onto a bump in the closed orbit of the Booster Synchrotron where a carbon foil strips the electrons from the Linac’s negative ion hydrogen beam. Although the Booster itself runs at 15Hz, heat dissipation in the orbit bump magnets has been one limitation to the fraction of the cycles that can be used for beam. New, 0.28T pulsed window frame dipole magnets have been constructed that will fit into the same space as the old ones, run at the full repetition rate of the Booster, and provide a larger bump to allow a cleaner injection orbit. The new magnets use a high saturation flux density Ni-Zn ferrite in the yoke rather than laminated steel. The presented magnetic design includes two and three dimensional magnetic field calculations with eddy currents and ferrite nonlinear effects. |
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| MPPT084 | Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets for the Duke FEL Booster Injector | dipole, quadrupole, simulation, lattice | 4147 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE grant # DE-FG02-01ER41175 and by AFOSR MFEL grant # F49620-001-0370. |
The full energy booster injector for the Duke FEL storage ring is presently under installation. The booster is designed to provide continuous injection into the Duke FEL storage ring in the top-off mode at the energy variable from 270 MeV to 1.2 GeV. The magnetic elements for the booster have been fabricated and magnetically measured in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia. The paper presents magnetic and mechanical design of the booster dipole and quadrupole magnets and results of their magnetic measurements. Results of simulation of the booster lattice taking into account residual field and non-linearity of the magnets are also presented. |
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| TPAT015 | Simulations of Error-Induced Beam Degradation in Fermilab's Booster Synchrotron | emittance, space-charge, synchrotron, simulation | 1458 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by the University Research Association, Inc. under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract No. DE-AC02-76-CH03000, and by DOE grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41323 to NIU, and by DOE grant No. DE-FG02-91ER40685 to University of Rochester. |
Individual particle orbits in a beam will respond to both external focusing and accelerating forces as well as internal space-charge forces. The external forces will reflect unavoidable systematic and random machine errors, or imperfections, such as jitter in magnet and radio-frequency power supplies, as well as magnet translation and rotation alignment errors. The beam responds in a self-consistent fashion to these errors; they continually do work on the beam and thereby act as a constant source of energy input. Consequently, halo formation and emittnace growth can be induced, resulting in beam degradation and loss. We have upgraded the ORBIT-FNAL package and used it to compute effects of machine errors on emittance dilution and halo formation in the existing FNAL-Booster synchrotron. This package can be applied to study other synchrotrons and storage rings, as well. |
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| TPAT054 | Dispersion Matching of a Space Charge Dominated Beam at Injection into the CERN PS Booster | optics, space-charge, injection, simulation | 3283 | ||
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In order to match the dispersion at injection into the CERN PS Booster, the optics of the injection line was simulated using two different codes (MAD and TRACE). The simulations were benchmarked versus experimental results. The model of the line was then used to re-match the dispersion. Experimental results are presented for different optics of the line. Measurements with varying beam current show the independence of the measured quantity of space-charge effects.
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| TPAT059 | Space Charge Experiments and Simulation in the Fermilab Booster | simulation, space-charge, injection, resonance | 3453 | ||
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Funding: Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing project, "Advanced Computing for 21st Century Accelerator Science and Technology," U.S. DOE/SC Office of High Energy Physics and the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. |
We have studied space charge effects in the Fermilab Booster. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation. We compare experimental results with simulations using the 3-D space charge package Synergia. |
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| TPAT060 | Overview of the Synergia 3-D Multi-Particle Dynamics Modeling Framework | simulation, space-charge, emittance, injection | 3490 | ||
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Funding: Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing project, "Advanced Computing for 21st Century Accelerator Science and Technology," U.S. DOE/SC Office of High Energy Physics and the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. |
High precision modeling of space-charge effects is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. Synergia is a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three dimensional space-charge capabilities and a higher-order optics implementation. We describe the Synergia framework and model benchmarks we obtained by comparing to semi-analytic results and other codes. We also present Synergia simulations of the Fermilab Booster accelerator and comparisons with experiment. |
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| TOAD001 | Techniques for Pump-Probe Synchronisation of Fsec Radiation Pulses | laser, electron, photon, undulator | 59 | ||
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The increasing interest on the production of ultra-short photon pulses in future generations of Free-Electron Lasers operating in the UV, VUV or X-ray regime demands new techniques to reliably measure and control the arrival time of the FEL-pulses at the experiment. For pump-probe experiments using external optical lasers the desired synchronisation is in the order of tens of femtoseconds, the typical duration of the FEL pulse. Since, the accelerators are large scale facilities of the length of several hundred meters or even kilometers, the problem of synchronisation has to be attacked twofold. First, the RF acceleration sections upstream of the magnetic bunch compressors need to be stabilised in amplitude and phase to high precision. Second, the remain electron beam timing jitter needs to be determined with femtosecond accuracy for off-line analysis. In this talk, several techniques using the electron or the FEL beam to monitor the arrival time are presented, and the proposed layout of the synchronisation system for the European XFEL towards the 10 fsec regime.
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| TPPE054 | Status of the Injection System for the Australian Synchrotron Project | synchrotron, injection, quadrupole, sextupole | 3271 | ||
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DANFYSIK A/S designs and builds the complete injection system for the Australian Synchrotron Project. The full-energy booster will accelerate the beam from the injection energy of 100 MeV. to a maximum of 3.0 GeV. The booster is using combined function magnets. The status of the project is presented.
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| TPPT037 | A Coaxial Subharmonic Cavity Design for Direct Injection at the Advanced Photon Source | linac, electron, injection, higher-order-mode | 2497 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
Coaxial subharmonic cavity designs are being investigated at the Advanced Photon Source to improve injector reliability by injecting beam directly from the linac to the booster in storage ring top-up mode. The subharmonic system must operate jointly with the present 352-MHz booster to accelerate the beam to 7 GeV with minimal beam degradation. Design considerations must be made to ensure that bunch purity is maintained and that a large percentage of the linac macropulse is captured. An analysis of rf cavity designs using electromagnetic simulation software has been conducted at 58 MHz and 117 MHz. The final design evaluates the total power loss, field uniformity, and peak surface fields to achieve the required gap voltage. |
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| TPPT067 | High Power Coupler Studies for the ERLP | vacuum, coupling, linac, simulation | 3736 | ||
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Funding: ASTeC, CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory. |
Two Superconducting RF modules of the ELBE type have been ordered from Accel Instruments GmbH for use on the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) being built at Daresbury Laboratory. One structure is to be used as a booster module, with an energy gain of 8 MeV, and the other is to act as an energy recovery linac operating at electron beam energy of up to 35 MeV. High power couplers capable of handling up to 10 kW CW are required to provide successful operation of the ERLP. Once received from Accel four couplers including RF windows will be conditioned and tested at FZR Dresden; this paper describes the test procedure anticipated. |
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| WPAE028 | Radiation Issues in the Fermilab Booster Magnets | proton, radiation, beam-losses, vacuum | 2041 | ||
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Funding: Department of Energy. |
The demands of the Fermilab neutrino program will require the 30 year old Fermilab 8 GeV Booster to deliver higher intensities than it ever has. Total proton throughput is limited by radiation damage and activation due to beam loss in the Booster tunnel. Of particular concern is the insulation in the 96 combined function lattice magnets. This poster describes a study of the potential radiation damage to these magnets from extended running at the planned intensities. |
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| WPAE043 | Alignment of the Booster Injector for the Duke Free Electron Laser Storage Ring | alignment, laser, storage-ring, dipole | 2786 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-01ER41175 and by U.S. AFOSR MFEL grant F49620-001-0370. |
This paper presents the methodology and initial results for mechanical alignment of the booster synchrotron for the Duke FEL storage ring. The booster is a compact design and requires special considerations for alignment. The magnetic and vacuum elements of the arcs have been designed for alignment by a laser tracker system. A parametric 3D design package has been used to determine target coordinates. These target coordinates evolve from design goals to physically verified dimensions by modifying the parametric model to match mechanical measurement data after fabrication. By utilizing the functionality of the laser tracker system and a parametric 3D modeler, a direct and efficient measurement and alignment technique has been developed for a complex geometry. |
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| WPAE069 | The APS Septum Magnet Power Supplies Upgrade | septum, power-supply, injection, feedback | 3795 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
The higher requirements for beam injection stability at the APS storage ring demand improvement of pulsed power supplies for the septum magnets. The upgrade will be performed in two stages. In the first stage we will implement a new power supply circuit with a new regulation timing sequence that will provide better voltage regulation performance. A common design was made for all of the septum magnet power supplies at the APS. The new regulation module has already been tested on both thin and thick septum magnet power supplies. This test showed that the new target for the current regulation stability, 1/2000 with less than 10-ns jitter, is achievable with this approach. In the second stage we will implement an embedded microprocessor system that will provide digitally controlled shot-to-shot current regulation of the power supply. The system comprises modules for communication with EPICS, data acquisition, and precise timing. A prototype has already been built and will also be discussed. |
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| WPAE070 | Injector Power Supplies Reliability Improvements at the Advanced Photon Source | power-supply, septum, photon, beam-losses | 3804 | ||
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Funding: *Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
Operational goals for the APS facility include 97% availability and a mean time between unscheduled beam losses (faults) of 70 hours, with more than 5000 user hours of scheduled beam per year. To meet this objective, our focus has changed to maximizing the mean time between faults (MTBF). We have made various hardware and software improvements to better operate and monitor the injector power supply systems. These improvements have been challenging to design and implement in light of the facility operating requirements but are critical to maintaining maximum reliability and availability of beam for user operations. This paper presents actions taken as well as future plans to continue improving injector power supply hardware and software to meet APS user operation goals. |
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| WPAE074 | Trim Power Supplies for the Duke Booster and Storage Ring | power-supply, storage-ring, feedback, synchrotron | 3919 | ||
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Funding: U.S. AFOSR MFEL grant F49620-001-0370 and HIGS Upgrade DOE grant number is DE-FG02-01ER41175. |
The on-going Duke storage ring upgrades and the development of a new booster synchrotron injection require more than 100 units of high performance unipolar and bipolar trim power supplies in the current range of -15A to +15A. However, most of the trim power supplies on the market do not deliver two critical performance features simultaneously: a high current stability and a low current noise.An in-house trim power supply development program is then put in force to design, fabricate, and test low cost linear power supplies with current stability about 100 ppm and current ripples less than 100 ppm in a broad band. A set of unipolar power supplies (0-12A) have been designed, fabricated and successfully tested. Since August, 2004 they have been used in storage ring operation with excellent performance. The prototype of bipolar power supplies (± 15 A) has been designed and tested as well. The main design principles and their performance results of both unipolar and bipolar supplies will be presented in this paper. |
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| WPAP006 | Recent Developments at PITZ | laser, emittance, gun, electron | 1012 | ||
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The ability to produce high brightness electron beams as required for modern Free Electron Lasers (FELs) has been demonstrated during the first stage of the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY Zeuthen (PITZ1). The electron source optimization at PITZ1 was successfully completed, resulting in the installation of the PITZ rf gun at the VUV-FEL (DESY, Hamburg). One of the main goals of the second stage of PITZ (PITZ2) is to apply higher gradients in the rf gun cavity in order to obtain smaller beam emittance by faster acceleration of the space charge dominated beams. In order to reach the required gradients a 10 MW klystron has to be installed and the gun cavity has to be conditioned for higher peak power. Another important goal of PITZ2 is a detailed study of the emittance conservation principle by using proper electron beam acceleration with a booster. Further photo injector optimization, including update of the photocathode laser and diagnostic tools, is foreseen as well. Recent progress on the PITZ developments will be reported.
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| WPAP022 | Measurements of Transverse Emittance for RF Photocathode Gun at the PAL | emittance, laser, gun, cathode | 1760 | ||
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Funding: Supported by the POSCO and the MOST, Korea. |
A BNL GUN-IV type RF photo-cathode gun is under fabrication for use in the FIR (Far Infra-Red) facility being built at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). Performance test of the gun will include the measurement of transverse emittance profile along the longitudinal direction. Successful measurement of the emittance profile will provide powerful tool for the commissioning of the 4GLS (4th generation light source) injectors based on the emittance compensation principle. We are going to achieve this withthe use of pepper-pot based emittance meters that can be moved along the longitudinal direction. In this article, we present design considerations on the emittance meter with the resolution of 1 mm mrad. |
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| WPAP033 | State-of-the-Art Electron Guns and Injector Designs for Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL) | gun, emittance, cathode, electron | 2292 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by NAVSEA, NSWC Crane, the Office of Naval Research, the DOD Joint Technology Office and by the U.S. DOE. |
A key technology issue of ERL devices for high-power free-electron laser (FEL) and 4th generation light sources is the demonstration of reliable, high-brightness, high-power injector operation. Ongoing programs that target up to 1 Ampere injector performance at emittance values consistent with the requirements of these applications are described. We consider that there are three possible approaches that could deliver the required performance. The first is a DC photocathode gun and superconducting RF (SRF) booster cryomodule. Such a 750 MHz device is being integrated and will be tested up to 100 mA at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility beginning in 2007. The second approach is a high-current normal-conducting RF photoinjector. A 700 MHz gun will undergo thermal test in 2006 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which, if successful, when equipped with a suitable cathode, would be capable of 1 Ampere operation. The last option is an SRF gun. A half-cell 703 MHz SRF gun capable of delivering 1.0 Ampere will be tested to 0.5 Ampere at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2006. The fabrication status, schedule and projected performance for each of these state-of-the-art injector programs will be presented. |
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| WPAT001 | HFSS Simulation of Vacuum Tube RF Power Amplifiers | cyclotron, simulation, vacuum, insertion | 767 | ||
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Funding: TRIUMF receives funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada. |
Development and upgrade of rf power amplifiers require comprehensive calculations to predict and optimize various parameters of the system before hardware modifications are applied. ANSOFT HFSS code provides a powerful tool for 3D EM simulation of the amplifier output resonator comprising a vacuum tube as a passive element. Two examples of this kind of simulation applied for upgrade of the TRIUMF Cyclotron rf system are presented in this paper. |
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| WPAT002 | High Power (35 kW and 190 kW) 352 Solid State Amplifiers for the SOLEIL Synchrotron | vacuum, power-supply, insertion, synchrotron | 811 | ||
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In the SOLEIL Storage Ring, two cryomodules, each containing a pair of superconducting cavities will provide the maximum power of 600 kW, required at the nominal energy of 2.75 GeV with the full beam current of 500 mA and all the insertion devices. Each of the four cavities will be powered with a 190 kW solid state amplifier consisting in a combination of 315 W elementary modules (about 750 modules per amplifier). The amplifier modules, based on a technology developed in house, with MOSFET transistor, integrated circulator and individual power supply, are fabricated in the industry. In the booster, a 35 kW solid state amplifier (147 modules) will power a 5-cell copper cavity of the LEP type. The first operational results and the status of the RF power plants are reported in this paper. Although quite innovative for the required power range, the solid state technology proved to be very attractive with significant advantages as compared to vacuum tubes.
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| WPAT005 | A New Tuning Module for Resonant Coupling Structures | coupling, linac, proton, klystron | 973 | ||
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In order to have efficient particle acceleration it is fundamental that the particles experience, in the accelerating gap, field amplitudes as uniform and as high as possible from gap to gap. Because of the unavoidable fabrication errors, an accelerating structure, when assembled, exhibits field values lower than the nominal ones and/or not uniform. All the usual procedures developed in order to adjust the parameter deviations responsible of the malfunction of these structures, are based on field amplitude measurements, by using the bead pull technique, which is a very invasive technique. In this paper the philosophy is reversed: it is assumed that all the information can be got by Sounding the Modes of the whole System (SMS) and correct the deviation of each frequency mode from its nominal value by means of an appropriate tuning of the cavities: resorting to a perturbative technique applied to a circuit model representing this kind of structures, it is possible to calculate the amount of tuning to give to the cavities. It will be shown that a very good equalization and maximization of the fields in the cavities can be achieved by using this technique.
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| WPAT019 | Beam Tests of a New Digital Beam Control System for the CERN LEIR Accelerator | acceleration, pick-up, injection, proton | 1649 | ||
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We are developing a digital beam control and cavity servo system for controlling the RF acceleration in CERN’s Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), a major component in the LHC lead ion injector chain. As the LEIR ring will only start during summer 2005, we have tested a simplified prototype of the system with low intensity beams on the CERN PS Booster (PSB). The hardware and software have been developed within the framework of a CERN-BNL collaboration. This fully digital beam control system is contained in VME mother boards which can accommodate several daughter boards. The fast signal processing is implemented in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), while the slower signal processing and communication with the software layer above is implemented in programmable Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). The objectives of the tests with beam in the PSB are to verify the multiple DSP and FPGA architecture, the sampling rates and data flows and the feedback loop dynamics. An additional goal is to integrate a number of highly complex intelligent VME modules with many sub-functions in the CERN controls environment to provide adequate signal acquisition, control and diagnostics to operate the system.
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| WPAT066 | ALS Booster Ring RF System Upgrade for Top-Off Mode of Operation | linac, synchrotron, storage-ring, injection | 3709 | ||
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Funding: Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC03-76SF00098. |
ALS is one of the first third generation synchrotron light sources which has been operating since 1993 at Berkeley Lab. In the present ALS operation scenario 1.5GeV electron beam is injected from the booster into the storage ring every 8 hours where is accelerated to the final energy of 1.9GeV. The beam decays between fills from 400mA to 200mA with the time average current of 250mA. In order to increase the beam brighthess ALS team plans to increase the beam current to 500mA and maintain it constant during machine operation ("Top-Off" mode of operation). This operation scenario will require full energy injection from the booster ring into the storage ring and constant operation of the injector (10 bunches with the total charge of 1nC every 30 to 35 seconds). In this paper we will present the results of the ALS injector RF system analysis fo Top-Off mode of operation and describe the way we intent to implement the necessary modifications to the booster RF system. |
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| WPAT068 | Development of Low Level RF Control Systems for Superconducting Heavy Ion Linear Accelerators, Electron Synchrotrons and Storage Rings | rfq, synchrotron, electron, storage-ring | |||
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Since 2001 ACCEL Instruments is supplying low level RF control systems together with turn key cavity systems. The early LLRF systems used the well established technology based on discrete analogue amplitude and phase detectors and modulators. Today analogue LLRF systems can make use of advanced vector demodulators and modulators combined with a fast computer controlled analogue feed back loop. Feed forward control is implemented to operate the RF cavity in an open loop mode or to compensate for predictable perturbations. The paper will introduce the general design philosophy and show how it can be adapted to different tasks as controlling a synchrotron booster nc RF system at 500 MHz, or superconducting storage ring RF cavities, as well as a linear accelerator at 176 MHz formed by a chain of individually driven and controlled superconducting λ/2 cavities.
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| WPAT069 | Development of a Solid State RF Amplifier in the kW Regime for Application with Low Beta Superconducting RF Cavities | simulation, ion, insertion, monitoring | |||
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Projects based on the use of low beta superconducting cavities for ions are under operation or development at several labs worldwide. Often these cavities are individually driven by RF power sources in the kW regime. For an ongoing project a modular 2 kW, 176 MHz unconditionally stable RF amplifier for CW and pulsed operation was designed, built, and tested. Extended thermal analysis was used to develop a water cooling system in order to optimize the performance of the power transistors and other thermally loaded components. The paper will outline the design concept of the amplifier and present first results on the test of the amplifier with a superconducting cavity.
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| WPAT079 | Design of a Direct Converter for High Power, RF Applications | feedback, target, radio-frequency, synchrotron | 4033 | ||
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Funding: Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. |
This paper is concerned with a new type of power supply for high power RF applications for CW operation. The converter is a direct topology operating with a high frequency (resonant) link. Switching losses are minimised by switching at zero current. High operating frequency allows for minimised transformer and filter size. Advantages of this topology over conventional approaches are discussed, along with the potential problems and proposed solutions. Recently, considerable interest has been shown in direct converter topologies as an alternative topology in motor drive applications. This approach offers advantages such as reduced energy storage and higher energy density compared to conventional topologies. The work presented in this paper capitalises on these advantages in other fields, namely power conversion for RF supplies. The RF power needs to be stable and predictable such that any variation has a limited impact on the accelerated beam quality. In order to meet the required output voltage specification such designs require output filters with consequent energy storage. Management of this energy in the event of a fault is necessary if destruction of the tube is to be avoided. |
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| WPAT092 | Fabrication Tuning of Four 748.5 MHz Single Cell SRF Booster Cavities for a 100 mA SRF FEL Injector | target | 4272 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by NAVSEA, NSWC Crane, the Office of Naval Research, and the DOD Joint Technology Office. |
Advanced Energy Systems has recently completed the fabrication of four 748.5 MHz single cell superconducting cavities which are to be used in the JLAB FEL SRF Injector Test Stand. During the fabrication process a series of frequency measurements were made and compared to the frequency expected at that point in the fabrication process. Where possible, the cavity was modified either before or during, the next fabrication step to tune the cavity frequency toward the target frequency. The target frequency is calculated making a series of assumptions about the frequency effects of subsequent fabrication and processing steps. |
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| WOAB002 | Status of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility | storage-ring, synchrotron, linac, injection | 214 | ||
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The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) made its ground breaking at Zhang-Jiang High Tech Park on Dec.25, 2004 and moved into its construction phase with the plan of commencing user’s operation from April 2009. The SSRF complex is based on a 3.5GeV storage ring optimized to operate with top-up injection, mini-gap undulators and superconducting RF system, the 432m circumference storage ring provides 18 ID straight sections (4X12.0m and 16X6.5m), and four of them will be used for the first SSRF beam lines. The SSRF project was proposed in 1995, and since then it has experienced the conceptual design stage, the R&D program and the design optimization phase. This paper presents the updated design specifications and the construction status of the SSRF project.
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| WOAB003 | The Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source | synchrotron, storage-ring, injection, insertion | 325 | ||
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The Brazilian Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory has been operating the only light source in the southern hemisphere since July 1997. Over this 7 year period, approximately 22000 hours of beam time were delivered to users from all over Brazil as well as from 10 other countries. In this article, we report on the present configuration of the 1.37 GeV electron storage ring and associated instrumentation, describe recent improvements to the light source and analyze future prespectives including the installation of insertion devices and additional beamlines.
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| WOAB009 | Design, Development, Construction and Installation of a Ceramic Chamber for a Pulsed Kicker at the LNLS Storage Ring | vacuum, kicker, synchrotron, storage-ring | 689 | ||
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Funding: MCT - ABTLuS/LNLS. |
Following the upgrade of the LNLS injector system with the addition of a 500 MeV booster synchrotron,the storage ring in-vacuum ferrite injection kicker magnets started to show overheating due the interaction with high frequency electromagnetic fields induced by the electron beam. In this paper, we describe the design of a new ceramic chamber for the kickers which minimize this effect by decreasing the coupling impedance of the kickers and their interaction with the electron beam. |
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| WOAC005 | Application of Independent Component Analysis for Beam Diagnosis | betatron, synchrotron, lattice, injection | 489 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported in part by grants from DE-AC02-76CH03000, DOE DE-FG02-92ER40747 and NSF PHY-0244793. |
The independent component analysis (ICA)* is applied to analyze simultaneous multiple turn-by-turn beam position monitor (BPM) data of synchrotrons. The sampled data are decomposed to physically independent source signals, such as betatron motion, synchrotron motion and other perturbation sources. The decomposition is based on simultaneous diagonalization of several unequal time covariance matrices, unlike the model independent analysis (MIA),** which uses equal-time covariance matrix only. Consequently the new method has advantage over MIA in isolating the independent modes and is more robust under the influence of contaminating signals of bad BPMs. The spatial pattern and temporal pattern of each resulting component (mode) can be used to identify and analyze the associated physical cause. Beam optics can be studied on the basis of the betatron modes. The method has been successfully applied to the Booster Synchrotron at Fermilab. *A. Belouchrani et al., IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, {\bf 45}, 434-444, (1997). **J. Irwin, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 82}, 1684 (1999); Chun-xi Wang, et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams} {\bf 6}, 104001 (2003). |
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| RPAE003 | Optimization and Modeling Studies for Obtaining High Injection Efficiency at the Advanced Photon Source | injection, septum, optics, quadrupole | 871 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
In recent years, the optics of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring has changed to lower equilibrium emittance (2.5 nm-rad) but at the cost of stronger sextupoles and stronger nonlinearities, which have reduced the injection efficiency from 100% in the high emittance mode. Over the years we have developed a series of optimization, measurement and modeling studies of the injection process, which allows us to obtain or maintain low injection losses. For example, the trajectory in the storage ring is optimized with trajectory knobs for maximum injection efficiency. This can be followed by collecting first-turn trajectory data, from which we can fit the initial phase-space coordinates. The model of the "optimized" trajectory would show whether the beam comes too close to a physical aperture in the injection magnets. Another modeling step is the fit and correction of the transfer line optics, which has a significant impact on phase-space matching. |
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| RPAE027 | Linear Optics Measurements in the ESRF Booster | sextupole, injection, optics, dipole | 1973 | ||
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A series of experiments has been conducted in the ESRF booster in order to measure its linear optics. A steerer response matrix was developed and used to optimise the orbit correction at injection by developing a refined model. This matrix was also used to measure the beta functions along the accelerating cycle and the steerer calibration. Dispersion was also measured with classical RF scans and compared to theory. Finally, chromaticity measurements were performed for different sextupole settings enabling their calibration and optimisation.
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| RPAE030 | Status of the SOLEIL Booster Synchrotron | power-supply, dipole, injection, quadrupole | 2155 | ||
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Funding: SOLEIL. |
SOLEIL is a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron radiation facility under construction near Paris. The injection system is composed of a 100 MeV electron Linac pre-accelerator followed by a full energy (2.75 GeV) booster synchrotron. The booster lattice is based on a FODO structure with missing magnet. With a circumference of 157 m and low field magnets (0.74 T), the emittance is of 150 nm.rad at 2.75 GeV. A flexible and economic ramping switched mode procedure for the main supply cycled up to 3 Hz and a 35 kW-352 MHz solid state amplifier powering the RF system are used. At present time, all the magnets, supports and vacuum have been received and tested. Half of the ring is already assembled and installation is the tunnel will begin in January 05. The pulsed elements and their pulser will be received and tested from January to April. The four main magnet power supplies will be received in February and tested in Marsh. We plan the booster commissioning with beam in May 2005. |
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| RPAE048 | Design Consideration of a Booster for Taiwan Photon Source | emittance, lattice, storage-ring, synchrotron | 2992 | ||
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After more than 10 years' operation and expansion, the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) reaches very stable operation condition. The storage ring has better than 96% of beam availability annually with 6 Insertion Devices (ID) in a six-folds symmetry over-crowded machine. Two superconducting IDs and one superconducting RF cavity were installed in recent year, which intend to push the photon energy to hard x-ray regime and double the photon flux with better beam quality. Beamlines and experimental stations occupied all over the experimental area. The uproar for more beamlines in higher photon energy with higher brightness was frequently transpired from users' community. The Board of Trustee of NSRRC gave a green light to a new design and construction of median-energy light source, Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) in the coming decade. This paper will present two draft designs of booster and the consideration of the design criteria for new booster to work with a top-up injected and very low-emittance storage ring.
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| RPAE049 | Revision of Booster to Storage Ring Transport Line Design and Injection Scheme for Top-Up Operation at NSRRC | kicker, injection, quadrupole, extraction | 3085 | ||
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In order to help the operation of constant current, the optics of booster to storage ring transport line (BTS) design is reinvestigated. The initial twiss parameters are derived by measurement. The optics of the transport line is readjusted according to the measured initial beam parameters. The design of pulse width of the injection kicker is also changed from 1.2μsecond to 2.0μsecond. The injection scheme is reviewed and the effects of the kicker error on both injected beam and stored beam are investigated and shown in this report.
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| RPAE052 | Overview of Accelerator Physics Studies and High Level Software for the Diamond Light Source | storage-ring, linac, collimation, dipole | 3188 | ||
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DIAMOND is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source under construction at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire (UK). The accelerators complex consists of a 100 MeV LINAC, a full energy booster and a 3GeV storage ring with 22 straight sections available for IDs. Installation of all three accelerators has begun, and LINAC commissioning is due to start in Spring 2005. This paper will give an overview of the accelerator physics activity to produce final layouts and prepare for the commissioning of the accelerator complex. The DIAMOND facility is expected to be operational for users in 2007
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| RPAE055 | Results of Preliminary Tests of PAR Bunch Cleaning | injection, storage-ring, synchrotron, linac | 3307 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
A particle accumulator ring (PAR) is used at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to collect multiple linac bunches and compress them into a 0.3-ns (rms) single bunch for booster injection. A 9.77-MHz fundamental rf system and a 117.3-MHz harmonic rf system are employed for initial beam capture and bunch length compression. Satellite bunches with very low charge form due to rf phase drifts or beam loading change. These satellites, when injected into the booster and then into the storage ring (SR), cause bunch impurity at three buckets from the target bucket. Storage ring and booster bunch cleaning was tried but proved to be difficult due to the top-up mode of operation in the storage ring and tune drift in the booster synchrotron. Recently we implemented a PAR bunch-cleaning system with tune-modulated harmonic rf knockout. Preliminary tests gave a measured SR bunch purity of better than 10-6, which shows that the cleaning method is feasible and could achieve a bunch purity goal of 10-8. This report describes the system configuration, test results, and system performance. |
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| RPAE058 | NSLS-II Injection Concept | injection, linac, emittance, storage-ring | 3408 | ||
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Currently the facility upgrade project is under progress at the NSLS (Brookhaven National Laboratory). The goal of NSLS-II is a 3 GeV ultra-low emittance storage ring that will provide three orders of magnitude increase in brightness over the present NSLS X-ray beamlines. The low emittance of the high brightness ring lattice results in quite short lifetimes, which makes operation in top-off injection mode a necessity. The NSLS-II injection system must be able to provide an electron beam at the high repetition rate and with good injection efficiency. In this paper we present a concept of the NSLS-II injection system and discuss conditions and constraints for the injector design. Various injection system parameters are estimated from the point of view of SR user demand.
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| RPAE059 | Design of 3 GeV Booster for NSLS-II | injection, lattice, dipole, sextupole | 3473 | ||
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We present preliminary design of full energy booster for NSLS-II. In the paper we analyze single- and multi-bunch modes of the booster operations. The booster lattice consists of 24 TME cells with two dispersion suppressors. Initial design of the magnets, power supply specifications, Eddy current contribution to the booster chromaticity are discussed.
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| RPAE067 | Investigations, Experiments, and Implications for Using Existing Pulse Magnets for 'topoff' Operation at the Advanced Light Source | septum, storage-ring, injection, simulation | 3727 | ||
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Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. |
ALS top-off mode of operation will require injection of the electron beam from the Booster Ring into the Storage Ring at the full ALS energy level of 1.9GeV. Currently the Booster delivers a beam at 1.5GeV to the Storage Ring where it is then ramped to the full energy and stored for the user operation. The higher Booster beam energy will require the pulse magnets in the Booster and Storage Rings to operate at proportionally higher magnetic gap fields. Our group studied and tested the possible design and installation modifications required to operate the magnets and drivers at "top-off" levels. Our results and experiments show that with minor electrical modifications all the existing pulse magnet systems can be used at the higher energy levels, and the increased operational stresses should have a negligible impact on magnet reliability. Furthermore, simple electrical modifications to the storage ring thick septum will greatly reduce the present level of septum stray leakage fields into the storage ring beam. |
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| RPAE084 | Beam Dynamics Aspects of the ASP Booster | emittance, closed-orbit, synchrotron, injection | 4150 | ||
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In the present contribution, beam dynamics aspects of the 3 GeV ASP booster designed and produced by Danfysik A/S are presented. The booster synchrotron, based on a lattice with combined-function magnets, will have a very small emittance of around 30 nm. The dynamical aperture (and admittance) of the booster has been investigated with tracking, and results for different tunes and chromaticities will be presented. Also the reduction in admittance caused by alignment errors of the magnets will be discussed. The nominal tunes and chromaticities are mainly determined by the combined-function magnets to (9.20, 3.25) and (1,1), respectively. Using the trim quadrupoles and sextupoles, the tunes can be adjusted in the ranges (9.05-9.45, 3.05-3.45) and the chromaticities in the range (0-2, 0-2).
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| RPAE085 | ELETTRA Present and Future Upgrades | storage-ring, feedback, electron, undulator | 4170 | ||
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During the last year, the 3rd generation synchrotron light source ELETTRA has benefitted from several upgrades which have been implemented in the frame of a project to enhance the quality of the light source. The superconducting 3rd harmonic cavity, the feedbacks, the realignment of the whole ring and other improved devices have allowed to further, significantly optimize the beam stability and lifetime, as well as the operability and uptime of the facility. At the same time two large scale projects are underway that will change the perspectives of the whole laboratory, namely the full energy booster injector and the single pass X-ray FEL FERMI@Elettra, based on the existing linac. Their status will be presented here together with the overview of the existing light source.
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| RPAP037 | Study of the Dynamics in a Linac Booster for Proton Therapy in the 30-62 MeV Energy Range | linac, proton, cyclotron, coupling | 2494 | ||
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Funding: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Naples, Milan and Bari). |
Recent results in accelerator physics have shown the feasibility of a coupling scheme between a cyclotron and a linac for proton acceleration. Cyclotrons with energies up to 30 MeV, mainly devoted to radioisotopes production, are available in a large number of medical centres. These two evidences have suggested the idea to study and design a linac booster able to increase the initial proton energy up to the values required for the treatment of tumors, like the ocular ones. Among the challenges in such a project one of the main ones is related to meet the requirement of having sufficient mean current for therapy from a given injection current coming from the cyclotron. In this paper we will review the rationale of the project in order to optimize the transmittance and to minimize the duty-cycle. In this frame we will discuss the basic design of a compact 3GHz linac with a new approach to the cavities used in a SCL (Side Coupled Linac) structure. |
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| RPAT027 | Tomographic Measurement of Longitudinal Emittance Growth Due to Stripping Foils | emittance, ion, heavy-ion, electron | 2000 | ||
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Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. |
During beam acceleration at the Brookhaven accelerator complex, heavy ions are stripped off their electrons in several steps. Depending on the properties of the stripping foils, this process results in an increased energy spread and therefore longitudinal emittance growth. A tomographic phase space reconstruction technique has been applied to quantify the associated emittance growth for different stripping foil materials. |
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| RPAT044 | Segmented Foil SEM Grids at Fermilab | beam-losses, target, proton, instrumentation | 2821 | ||
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Segmented Secondary Emission Monitors (SEM's) will be used to monitor the extracted 120 GeV proton beam for the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The SEM's are constructed from 5 micrometer thick Ti foils. The chambers have 10 cm beam aperture, and the foils are designed to result in 4·10-6 fractional beam loss when inserted in the beam. The foil strips have dynamic tensioning to withstand the heating from the 400kW proton beam. Results from prototype beam tests as well as from commissioning in the NuMI line will be presented.
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| RPAT085 | Initial Imaging of 7-GeV Electron Beams with OTR/ODR Techniques at APS | radiation, dipole, electron, beam-losses | 4162 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. |
The development of nonintercepting (NI) diagnostics continues to be of interest at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) as well as elsewhere. In the three rings of the APS facility we use optical synchrotron radiation generated as the electron beam transits the dipole magnetic fields as an NI mechanism to image the beam during top-up operations. However, in the straight transport lines an alternative method is needed. Optical diffraction radiation (ODR) is under investigation to monitor 7-GeV beam trajectory and potentially transverse shape in the booster-to-storage ring (BTS) beamline during top-up operations. We have performed our initial measurements with an Al blade/mirror that served as an optical transition radiation (OTR) monitor when fully inserted into the beam and as an ODR monitor when the beam passed near the edge. In the case of ODR, appreciable signal is emitted by the metal when gamma times the reduced ODR wavelength is comparable to the impact parameter, where gamma is the Lorentz factor. Visible light optics and a standard CCD camera could thus be used for a few-mm impact parameter. We attribute the near-field signal for 1.5- to 3.0-mm impact parameters predominately to the ODR mechanism. |
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| RPAT093 | Libera Electron Beam Position Processor | feedback, electron, instrumentation, injection | 4284 | ||
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Libera is a product family delivering unprecedented possibilities for either building powerful single station solutions or architecting complex feedback systems in the field of accelerator instrumentation and controls. This paper presents functionality and field performance of its first member, the electron beam position processor. It offers superior performance with multiple measurement channels delivering simultaneously position measurements in digital format with MHz kHz and Hz bandwidths. This all-in-one product, facilitating pulsed and CW measurements, is much more than simply a high performance beam position measuring device delivering micrometer level reproducibility with sub-micrometer resolution. Rich connectivity options and innate processing power make it a powerful feedback building block. By interconnecting multiple Libera electron beam position processors one can build a low-latency high throughput orbit feedback system without adding additional hardware. Libera electron beam position processor is ideally suited for the Third and the Fourth generation light sources.
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| ROAD003 | Post-Irradiation Properties of Candidate Materials for High-Power Targets | proton, target, radiation, linac | 333 | ||
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Funding: U.S. DOE. |
The long term survivability of materials which can be used either for high-intensity targets or for the environment surrounding the target can be greatly influenced by how the physical properties of the material are altered by radiation damage. We have irradiated several candidate materials and report here on physical properties before and after irradiation. |
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| RPPE067 | Design and Fabrication of an FEL Injector Cryomodule | SNS, gun, vacuum, electron | 3724 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by NAVSEA, MDA, and SMDC. |
Advanced Energy Systems has recently completed the design of a four cavity cryomodule for use as an FEL injector accelerator on the JLAB Injector Test Stand. Fabrication is nearing completion. Four 748.5 MHz single cell superconducting cavities have been completed and are currently at Jefferson Lab for final processing and test prior to integration in the module. This paper will review the design and fabrication of the cavities and cryomodule. |
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| RPPP006 | The PITZ Booster Cavity–A Prototype for the ILC Positron Injector Cavities | positron, linac, coupling, emittance | 1030 | ||
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A critical issue of the design of the Positron Pre-Accelerator (PPA) for the future International Linear Collider (ILC) is the operational reliability of the normal conducting, high accelerating gradient L-band cavities. Now a booster cavity, intended for increasing the beam energy at the Photo Injector Test Facility in Zeuthen (PITZ), and developed by a joined INR-DESY group, is under construction at DESY, Hamburg. With the PITZ requirements (accelerating gradient up to 14 MV/m, rf pulse length up to 900 mks, repetition rate up to 5 Hz) this cavity, which is based on the Cut Disk Structure (CDS), is a full scale, high rf power prototype of the cavities proposed for the PPA. The booster cavity operation will allow us to confirm the main design ideas for the high gradient PPA cavities. A detailed technical study was performed during the booster cavity design, resulting in some modifications for the PPA cavities, which are described in this paper. We also propose a program of rf experiments with the PITZ booster cavity for further improvements of the PPA structures.
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| RPPT019 | Start to End Simulations of the ERL Prototype at Daresbury Laboratory | simulation, linac, electron, wiggler | 1643 | ||
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Daresbury Laboratory is currently building an Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) that will serve as a research and development facility for the study of beam dynamics and accelerator technology important to the design and construction of the proposed 4th Generation Light Source (4GLS) project. Two major objectives of the ERLP are the demonstration of energy recovery and of energy recovery from a beam disrupted by an FEL interaction as supplied by an infrared oscillator system. In this paper we present start-to-end simulations of the ERLP including such an FEL interaction. The beam dynamics in the high-brightness injector, which consists of a DC photocathode gun and a superconducting booster, have been modelled using the particle tracking code ASTRA. After the booster the particles have been tracked with the code GPT which includes space charge in the injector line at 8.3 MeV. The 3D code GENESIS 1.3 was used to model the FEL interaction with the electron beam at 35 MeV.
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| RPPT038 | Phase Noise Characteristics of Fiber Lasers as Potential Ultra-Stable Master Oscillators | laser, electron, radio-frequency, feedback | 2521 | ||
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Fourth-generation light sources, such as the European X-Ray free electron laser facility (XFEL) require timing signals distributed over distances of the order of kilometers with a timing jitter in the order of femtoseconds. The master clock for the proposed optical distribution system must operate with exceptionally low timing jitter. A promising approach is the use of a mode-locked laser that generates ultrastable pulses which are distributed via timing stabilized fiber links. Candidates for the pulse source are mode-locked Erbium doped fiber lasers, featuring very low high frequency noise. In this paper, we present a study of the phase noise of various fiber lasers in view of their applicability as laser-based master oscillators for femtosecond timing distributions.
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| ROPA005 | High Level Control Applications for SOLEIL Commissioning and Operation | power-supply, storage-ring, synchrotron, linac | 481 | ||
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Funding: Synchrotron SOLEIL |
The SOLEIL control system, namely TANGO developed in collaboration with ESRF, is now mature and stable. TANGO has also been chosen now by several other laboratories. High-level control applications implemented in the control room for the storage ring, the two transfer lines, and the booster will be described in this paper. Three kinds of tools for commissioning are used. First the generic TANGO tools (alarms, simple graphical control applications), which allow us to control in a simple way any TANGO Device Server. Secondly a Matlab Middle Layer (adapted from ALS and SPEAR3): Matlab is fully interconnected with TANGO; it is used primarily for writing Physics control applications. Finally Globalscreen, a commercial SCADA software devoted for building operation applications has been selected (panels for controlling or displaying setpoint, readback values, status of equipments). In addition an overview of the historical and short-term databases for the accelerators will be given. They have been developed in house and tested during the first commissioning. |
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| ROPC004 | Recent Intensity Increase in the CERN Accelerator Chain | beam-losses, extraction, acceleration, injection | 413 | ||
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Future requests for protons from the physics community at CERN, especially after the start-up of the CNGS experiments in 2006, can only be satisfied by a substantial increase in the SPS beam intensity per pulse. In September 2004 a three weeks beam run was dedicated to high intensity; all accelerators in the chain were pushed to their limits to study intensity restrictions and find possible solutions. New record intensities were obtained in the accelerators of the PS & SPS Complex with this fixed-target type beam which is different from the nominal LHC beam. The challenges in producing this high-intensity beam are described together with the measures needed to make it fully operational.
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| FOAC004 | The Numi Neutrino Beam At Fermilab | target, proton, hadron, antiproton | |||
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The Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) is a conventional neutrino beam facility which will use the intense 120 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab Main Injector accelerator. The facility is envisaged to service a variety experiments, in particular the already-constructed MINOS long baseline oscillation experiment, and the proposed NOvA experiment to observe muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations. Summarized will be the design of the primary and secondary beam focusing systems, instrumentation to validate the neutrino beam intensity, direction, and energy spectrum, and considerations for coping with the 0.4 MWatt MI beam. The beam line will be commissioned December, 2004, through February, 2005, whereupon operations may begin. Data from the commissioning and experience from first operations will be presented. Further, the suitability of the facility for accepting beam from a proposed 2MW proton driver is discussed.
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| FPAE007 | A Project of the 2.5 GeV Booster-Synchrotron in BINP | injection, extraction, synchrotron, quadrupole | 1039 | ||
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A project of the 2.5 GeV booster synchrotron to provide effective injection of electron and positron beams into VEPP-2000 and VEPP-4M storage rings, and for future facilities, is developing in BINP. The beams are injected to synchrotron at 510 MeV energy from a damping ring, which is the part of the new injection facility. In this report, the synchrotron parameters are presented, the basic systems are briefly described.
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| FPAE010 | Barrier RF System and Applications in Main Injector | proton, injection, emittance, radiation | 1189 | ||
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Funding: Work supported by the Universities Research Association, INC. under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy NO. DE-AC02-76CH03000 and by the US-Japan Collaboration in High Energy Physics. |
A wideband RF system (the barrier RF) has been built and installed in the Fermilab Main Injector. The cavities are made of low Q Finemet cores. The modulators use high voltage fast solid-state switches. It can generate ±7 kV single square voltage pulses. It is used to stack two proton batches to double the bunch intensity for pbar production. The stacked high intensity beams have been successfully accelerated to 120 GeV with small losses. A new test to continuously stack 12 batches for the NuMI experiment is under way. |
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| FPAE019 | Booster 6-GeV Study | acceleration, proton, beam-losses, linac | 1637 | ||
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Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Accelerator Division, Proton Source Department. |
Since a wider aperture has been obtained along the Fermilab Booster beam line, this opens the opportunity for Booster running a higher intensity proton beam than ever before. Sooner or later, the available RF accelerating voltage will become a new limit for the beam intensity. Either by increasing the RF accelerating voltage or by reducing the accelerating rate can achieve the similar goal. The motivation for the 6-GeV study is to gain the relative accelerating voltage via a slower acceleration. |
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| FPAE020 | Induction Acceleration of a Single RF Bunch in the KEK PS | induction, acceleration, synchrotron, focusing | 1679 | ||
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A single bunch trapped in an RF bucket was accelerated by induction devices from 500 MeV to 8GeV beyond transition energy in the KEK-PS. This is the first demonstration of induction acceleration in a high energy circular ring. The acceleration was confirmed by measuring a temporal evolution of the RF phase through an entire acceleration.* Key devices in an induction acceleration system are an induction accelerating cavity capable of generating an induced voltage of 2kV/cell, a pulse modulator to drive the cavity (switching driver), and a DSP system to control gate signals for switching. Their remarkable characteristics are its repetition ratio of about 1MHz and duty factor of 50%. All devices have been newly developed at KEK so as to meet this requirement. The pulse modulator employing MOSFETs as switching elements is connected with the accelerating cavity through a long transmission cable in order to avoid a high-dose irradiation in the accelerator tunnel. The induction system has been running beyond more than 24 hours without any troubles. The paper will take an introductive role for related other 6 papers too, which describe more technical aspects and novel beam physics associated with the induction acceleration.
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*K.Takayama et al., submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett., http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0412006. |
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| FPAE022 | Cycle-to-Cycle Extraction Synchronization of the Fermilab Booster for Multiple Batch Injection to the Main Injector | feedback, extraction, injection, acceleration | 1802 | ||
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We report on a system to ensure cycle-to-cycle synchronization of beam extraction from the Fermilab Booster accelerator to the Main Injector. Such synchronization is necessary for multiple batch operation of the Main Injector for the Run II upgrade of anti-proton production using slip-stacking in the Main Injector, and for the NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) neutrino beam. To perform this task, a system of fast measurement and feedback is used to control the longitudinal progress of the Booster beam throughout its acceleration period by manipulation of the transverse position maintained by the low-level radio frequency system.
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| FPAE029 | Setup and Performance of the RHIC Injector Accelerators for the 2005 Run with Copper Ions | injection, ion, emittance, extraction | 2068 | ||
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Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. |
Copper ions for the 2005 run of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory are accelerated in the Tandem, Booster and AGS prior to injection into RHIC. The setup and performance of this chain of accelerators will be reviewed. |
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| FPAE061 | Status of the Booster Injector for the Duke FEL Storage Ring | vacuum, storage-ring, injection, synchrotron | 3544 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by U.S. DOE grant # DE-FG02-01ER41175 and by AFOSR MFEL grant # F49620-001-0370. |
This paper presents the current status of the booster synchrotron for the Duke FEL storage ring. The booster will provide full energy injection into the storage ring in a wide energy range from 0.27 to 1.2 GeV. When operating the Duke FEL storage ring as the High Intensity Gamma Source (HIGS) to produce gamma photons above 20 MeV with Compton scattering, continuous electron loss occurs. The top-off mode operation of the booster injector will enable the continuous operation of the HIGS facility by replenishing the lost electrons. The design requirement for a compact booster with the single bunch extraction capability remains a challenge for the machine development. Presently, the booster project is in the installation phase. The magnetic elements, vacuum chambers, injection and extraction kickers have been fabricated in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia. The diagnostic and control system is being developed in the FEL lab, Duke University. The commissioning of the booster synchrotron is planned for fall 2005. |
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| FPAE066 | The IFUSP Microtron New Configuration | microtron, simulation, injection, extraction | 3703 | ||
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Funding: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq. |
In this work we present a new design for the IFUSP main microtron accelerator. The new configuration improves the maximum output energy and eases the operation of the machine. The accelerator will be able to deliver 38 MeV after 43 turns. The input energy was reduced from 4.9 to 2.5 MeV, so that the first microtron stage, the booster, could be eliminated, reducing the number of synchronous stages and easing the operation. We present results for the energy, energy gain and phase slip per turn, and the beam ellipses. We also discuss the design of the insertion and extraction lines. |
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| FPAT051 | A New Timing System for the Duke Booster and Storage Ring | injection, linac, storage-ring, electron | 3159 | ||
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Funding: AFOSR MFEL grant number is F49620-001-0370, HIGS Upgrade DOE grant number is DE-FG02-01ER41175. |
A dedicated booster synchrotron is being constructed at the Duke FEL Laboratory to provide full energy injection into the main electron storage ring. A new timing system has been developed to coordinate the injection of electron bunches from the linac to the booster, the ramping of energy in the booster, and extraction of bunches into the main ring. The timing system will allow the extraction of any bunch in the booster into any selected bucket in the main ring to provide top-off injection for any of the various operational bunch patterns of the main ring. A new master oscillator has also been developed for the RF system of the booster. The oscillator may be tuned independently or phase-locked to the master oscillator of the main ring. The issues of the soft phase locking process of the new master oscillator are discussed. The timing system and new oscillator have been fabricated and tested and are ready for operation. |
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| FPAT055 | The Radiation Safety Interlock System for Top-Up Mode Operation at NSRRC | radiation, injection, synchrotron, storage-ring | 3328 | ||
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The radiation safety interlock systems of NSRRC have been operated for more than a decade. Some modification actions have been implemented in the past to perfect the safe operation. The machine and its interlock system were originally designed to operate at the decay mode. Recently some improvement programs to make the machine injection from original decay mode to top-up mode at NSRRC has initiated. For users at experimental area the radiation dose resulted from top-up re-fill injections where safety shutters of beam-lines are opened will dominate. In addition to radiation safety action plans such as upgrading the shielding, enlarging the exclusion zones and improving the injection efficiency, the interlock system for top-up operation is the most important to make sure that injection efficiency is acceptable. To ensure the personnel radiation safety during the top-up mode, the safety interlock upgrade and action plans will be implemented. This paper will summarize the original design logic of the safety interlock system. Historical modification actions for this system will be mentioned. New design logic to ensure radiation safety for top-up mode operation will be discussed.
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| FPAT059 | Event Driven Automatic State Modification of BNL's Booster for NASA Space Radiation Laboratory Solor Particle Simulator | optics, ion, radiation, extraction | 3447 | ||
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Funding: Work performed under Contract #DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. |
The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space program. The NSRL makes use of heavy ions in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted from BNL's AGS Booster. NASA is interested in reproducing the energy spectrum from a solar flare in the space environment for a single ion species. To do this we have built and tested a set of software tools which allow the state of the Booster and the NSRL beam line to be changed automatically. In this report we will desribe the system and present results of beam tests. |
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| FPAT069 | A Control System for the Duke Booster Synchrotron | storage-ring, extraction, power-supply, injection | 3792 | ||
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Funding: This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-01ER41175 and by U.S. AFOSR MFEL grant F49620-001-0370. |
The Duke FEL is developing a booster synchrotron to provide full energy injection into the Duke electron storage ring. In this paper, we describe the development of the control system for the booster. Requirements include the competing needs of simple and reliable turn-key operation for the machine as a booster; and the sophistication and flexibility of operation of the machine as a storage ring for commissioning, machine studies and as a light source. To simplify operations and machine studies, the high level controls will present the system in terms of the physics quantities of the accelerator, allowing a tight integration between the physics model and the low level hardware control, as we have previously implemented for Duke storage ring. |
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| FOAB004 | Construction of FFAG Accelerators in KURRI for ADS Study | ion, ion-source, acceleration, proton | 350 | ||
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KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project is in progress at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) from the fiscal year of 2002. The purposes of this project is the feasibility study of ADS, such as studying the effect of incident neutron energy on the effective multiplication factor of the subcritical nuclear fuel system. We are now constructing a proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project. Our accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV FFAG with induction acceleration as an injector, 20 MeV and 150 MeV FFAGs with RF acceleration as a booster and a main ring, respectively. Our FFAG injector is a spiral sector type with 32 trim coils to produce a magnetic field of variable field index. Both booster and main rings are the radial sector type in which the field index is determined by the shape of pole-face. The test operations of the injector and the whole FFAG complex are expected around the spring and summer in 2005, respectively. Then this FFAG complex will be combined with our Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) in KURRI by the end of March 2006 for the feasibility study.
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