• Y. Iwashita, T. Mihara
  Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
• M. Kumada
  NIRS, Chiba-shi
• C.M. Spencer
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

The precise tolerances on the last two quadrupoles before the interaction point of the proposed, superconducting e⁺e^- collider (ILC) have not been determined yet. These quads will be aligned with a beam-based alignment (BBA) process during which their integrated strengths will be decreased by 20%. Their magnetic centers must move by less than a few microns during the BBA else a systematic error will be introduced, yielding an increase in the beam spot size. These strong quads must be small to fit in the tight space. A compact, variable, superstrong permanent magnet quad (PMQ) has been fabricated and tested. The PMQ has inner and outer rings of NEOMAX; the outer ring is subdivided along its length and each section can rotate. By rotating different lengths one can vary the integrated strength in small steps. Because of the fixed inner ring and tight mechanical tolerances, the sensitivities of the magnetic center and pole angles to the rotation of the outer rings are largely suppressed. Measurements of the PMQ will be presented, plus how observed small center and angle shifts were further reduced by adjustments to the stopping angles of the rotating rings and by shimming these rings.

• C. Chen, R. Bhatt, A. Radovinsky, J.Z. Zhou
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts

A three-dimensional (3D) design is presented of a non-axisymmetric periodic permanent magnet focusing system which will be used to focus a large-aspect-ratio, ellipse-shaped, space-charge-dominated electron beam. In this design, an analytic theory is used to specify the magnetic profile for beam transport. The OPERA3D code is used to compute and optimize a realizable magnet system. Results of the magnetic design are verified by two-dimensional particle-in-cell and three-dimensional trajectory simulations of beam propagation using PFB2D and OMNITRAK, respectively. Results of fabrication tolerance studies are discussed.

• S.C. Gottschalk, K.W. Kangas, D.J. Taylor, W.J. Thayer
  STI, Washington

• S.C. Gottschalk, T.E. DeHart, K.W. Kangas
  STI, Washington
• C.M. Spencer
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• J.T. Volk
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

An adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole suitable for use in Next Linear Collider has been built and tested. The pole length is 42cm, aperture diameter 13mm, peak pole tip strength 1.03Tesla and peak integrated gradient * length (GL) is 68.7 Tesla. This paper describes measurements of strength, magnetic centerline and field quality made using an air bearing rotating coil system. The magnetic centerline stability during -20% strength adjustment proposed for beam based alignment was < 0.2 microns. Strength hysteresis was negligible. Thermal expansion of quadrupole and measurement parts caused a repeatable and easily compensated change in the vertical magnetic centerline. Calibration procedures as well as centerline measurements made over a wider tuning range of 100% to 20% in strength useful for a wide range of applications will be described. The impact of eddy currents in the steel poles on the magnetic field during strength adjustments will be reported.

• S.C. Gottschalk, D.J. Taylor
  STI, Washington

Magnetic and engineering analyses used in the design of an adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole will be reported. The quadrupole designed has a pole length of 42cm, aperture diameter 13mm, peak pole tip strength 1.03Tesla and peak integrated gradient * length (GL) of 68.7Tesla. Analyses of magnetic strength, field quality, magnetic centerline, temperature compensation and dynamic eddy currents induced during field adjustments will be presented. Magnet sorting strategies, pole positioning sensitivity, component forces, and other sensitivity analyses will be presented. Engineering analyses of stress, deflection and thermal effects as well as compensation strategies will also be shown.

• E. Trakhtenberg, J. Erdmann, B. Powers
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

• B. Diviacco, R. Bracco, C. Knapic, D. Millo, D.Z. Zangrando
  ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
• O.V. Chubar, A. Dael, M. Massal
  SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
• Z. Martí
  LLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)

• T. Hunter, SH. Heimsoth, DL. Lebon, RM. McBrien, J.-G. Wang
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) contains more than 600 magnets. Among them, about 400 magnets for the Linac and transfer lines are being measured on site at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These magnets include Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles, Electro-magnetic Quadrupoles, Dipoles and Correctors. The Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles are installed in the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and are the only Permanent Magnets in the machine. These measurements are for magnets installed in the DTL, Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL), Superconducting Linac (SCL), High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT), and the Ring to Target Beam Transport (RTBT) line. All magnets have met specifications. Approximately three fourths of the magnets have so far been measured and installed. This presentation outlines the magnet measurements for SNS at ORNL and overviews the activities and accomplishments to date.

• R. Bhatt, C. Chen, J.Z. Zhou
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts

The three-dimensional trajectory code, OMNITRAK, is used to simulate a space-charge-dominated beam of large-aspect-ratio elliptic cross-section propagating in a non-axisymmetric periodic permanent magnet focusing field. The simulation results confirm theoretical predictions in the paraxial limit. A realistic magnetic field profile is applied, and the beam sensitivity to magnet nonlinearities and misalignments is studied. The image-charge effect of conductor walls is examined for a variety of beam tunnel sizes and geometries.

• J.Z. Zhou, R. Bhatt, C. Chen
  MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts

A new class of equilibrium is discovered for a large-aspect-ratio ellipse-shaped charged-particle beam in a non-axisymmetric periodic permanent magnet focusing field. A paraxial cold-fluid model is employed to derive the equilibrium flow properties and generalized envelope equations with negligibly small emittance. A periodic beam equilibrium solution is obtained numerically from the generalized envelope equations. It is shown that the beam edges are well confined in both transverse directions, and that the equilibrium beam exhibits a small-angle periodic wobble as it propagates. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code, PFB2D, is used to verify the theoretical predictions in the paraxial limit, and to establish validity under non-paraxial situations and the influence of the conductor walls of the beam tunnel.

• L.R. Prost, A.V. Shemyakin
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

The newly installed high-energy Recycler Electron Cooling system (REC) at Fermilab will work at an electron energy of 4.34 MeV and a DC beam current of 0.5 A in an energy recovery scheme. For reliable operation of the system, the relative beam current loss must be maintained to levels < 3.e-5. Experiments have shown that the loss is determined by the performance of the electron beam collector, which must retain secondary electrons generated by the primary beam hitting its walls. As a part of the Electron cooling project, the efficiency of the collector for the REC was optimized, both with dedicated test bench experiments and on two versions of the cooler prototype. We find that to achieve the required relative current loss, an axially-symmetric collector must be immersed in a transverse magnetic field with certain strength and gradient prescriptions. Collector efficiencies in various magnetic field configurations, including without a transverse field on the collector, are presented and discussed

• J.E. Spencer, S.D. Anderson, R. Wolf
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• A. Baldwin, D.E. Pellet
  UCD, Davis, California
• M. Boussoufi
  UCD/MNRC, McClellan, California
• J.T. Volk
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

Many materials and electronics need to be tested for the radiation environment expected at linear colliders (LC) where the accelerator and detectors will be subjected to large fluences of hadrons, leptons and gammas over the life of the facility. Although the linacs will be superconducting, there are still many potential uses for NdFeB in the damping rings, injection and extraction lines and final focus. Our understanding of the radiation damage situation for rare earth permanent magnet materials was presented at PAC2003 and our first measurements of fast neutron, stepped doses at the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Reactor Center (UCD MNRC) were presented at EPAC2004 where the damage appeared proportional to the distances between the effective operating points and Hc. Here we have extended those doses and included more commercial samples together with the induced radioactivities associated with their respective dopants. Hall probe data for the external induction distributions are compared with vector magnetization measurements for the different materials.

• S. Sasaki
  ANL, Argonne, Illinois

Much work is underway to develop superconducting undulators in order to generate brilliant hard x-ray radiation at many synchrotron radiation facilities. However, in spite of many R&D efforts, it might take several years to reach this goal. On the other hand, the possibilities of cryogenic permanent magnet undulators are being investigated in order to provide an interim solution for hard x-ray users’ needs at Spring-8 and other facilities. However, although the in-vacuum undulator technology is well established, the in-vacuum gap-motion mechanism at a low temperature might cause major concerns regarding reliability and cost effectiveness. In this paper, the possibility for a cryogenic short-period staggered undulator was investigated. A simple model calculation by RADIA* shows that the effective undulator field is 0.825 T for a 15-mm-period staggered undulator at 6 mm gap with 1.36 T solenoid field. The pole material was assumed to be dysprosium, which has a saturation magnetization of 3.3 T at 77 K. The achievable maximum field of this simply structured device is close to that of a cryogenic permanent magnet undulator. We present calculated performances of cryogenic staggered undulators at various periods and gaps.

*O. Chubar, P. Elleaume, J. Chavanne, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 5, 481 (1998).

• F.E. Merrill, C.L. Morris
  LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• K. Folkman, F. Harmon, A.W. Hunt, B. King
  ISU, Pocatello, Idaho

• F.W. Meyer, M.E. Bannister, J.W. Hale, J.W. Johnson
  ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• D. Hitz
  CEA Grenoble, Grenoble

We report on initial testing and implementation of a new high voltage platform recently installed at the ORNL MIRF. The platform is powered by a 250 kV, 30 kVA isolation transformer and features an all permanent magnet Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, designed and fabricated at CEA/Grenoble, that utilizes microwave power levels of up to 750W in the frequency range 12.75 – 14.5 GHz to provide intense dc beams of singly and multiply charged ions for acceleration to energies up to 270 x q keV. The primary application of these ion beams is to study fundamental collisional interactions* of multicharged ions with electrons, atoms, and surfaces. More applied investigations in the area of ion implantation,** and ion beam development for use in semiconductor doping operations are carried out as well. Design details of the HV platform and the associated beamline-switchyard will be presented at the conference, together with performance characteristics of the all permanent magnet ECR source, of the beam transport from ion source to end-station, and of a novel electrostatic spherical sector beam switcher for directing beam to the various on-line experiments.

*F.W . Meyer, Trapping Highly Charged Ions: Fundamentals and Applications, J. Gillaspy, ed., Nova Science Pub., New York, 2000, pp. 117-164. **F. W. Meyer et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 635, p. 125 (2002).

• A. Doyuran, R.J. England, C. Joshi, J. Lim, J.B. Rosenzweig, S. Tochitsky, G. Travish, O. Williams
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

An Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) experiment, which will investigate nonlinear properties of scattering utilizing a terawatt CO2 laser system with various polarizations, is ongoing at the UCLA Neptune Laboratory. When the normalized amplitude of the incident laser’s vector potential a0 is larger than unity the scattering occurs in the nonlinear region; therefore, higher harmonics are also produced. ICS can be used, e.g., for a polarized positron source by striking a thin target (such as tungsten) with the polarized X-rays. As such, it is critical to demonstrate the production of polarized scattered photons and to investigate the ICS process as it enters the nonlinear regime. We present the description of the experimental set up and equipment utilized, including diagnostics for electron and photon beam detection. We present the current status of the experiment.

• T.L. Hart
  Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

• A.A. Malafronte, M.N. Martins
  USP/LAL, Bairro Butantan

The Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo (IFUSP) is building a continuous wave (cw) racetrack microtron. This machine has several dipole magnets, like the first and second stage recirculators, and a number of smaller ones in the transport line. These magnets must produce very stable magnetic fields to allow the beam to recirculate along very precise orbits and paths. Furthermore, the fields must be reproducible with great accuracy to allow an easier setup of the machine, though the effects of hysteresis tend to jeopardize the reproducibility. If the magnetic field is chosen by setting the current in the coils, temperature effects over the magnet and power supply tend to change the field. This work describes an inexpensive magnetic field controller that allows a direct measure of the magnetic field through an Hall probe. It includes a microcontroller running a feedback algorithm to control the power supply, in order to keep the field stable and reproducible. The controller can also execute algorithms to ramp up and down the power supply in a specific mode, in order to reduce hysteresis.