IPAC2012 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXBP01	The First Two Years of LHC Operation	luminosity, ion, emittance, dipole	1
	S. Myers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The operational performance of the LHC machine both for proton and lead ion operation are reviewed for the period 2010 and up the present. The beam parameter path allowing the very high rate of collider performance is presented and discussed. The accelerator issues encountered and those somewhat surprisingly not encountered are also discussed. The short and longer term plans for the LHC are also briefly presented.
	Slides MOXBP01 [17.468 MB]

MOYAP01	Accelerator Driven Systems	neutron, linac, target, superconducting-RF	6
	D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
	Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.
	Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01	Thorium Energy Futures	neutron, target, cyclotron, linac	29
	S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France S. Henderson Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Hutton JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Kelly Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway M. Lindroos ESS, Lund, Sweden P.M. McIntyre Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA A. Norlin IThEO, Sweden H.L. Owen STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.T. Parks University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
	The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.
	Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOOAB01	A Proton-driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator Experiment with CERN SPS Bunches	plasma, wakefield, electron, acceleration	40
	P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany
	Funding: Presented for the PDPWFA collaboration. Existing relativistic proton (p⁺) bunches carry large amounts of energy (kJ) and are therefore attractive as drivers for plasma-based particle accelerators, such as the plasma wakefield accelerator or PWFA. However, short (~ps) p⁺ bunches capable of driving large amplitude (~GV/m) wakefields are not available today. It was recently proposed to use long (~300ps) p⁺ bunches self-modulated at the plasma wavelength by a transverse two-stream instability in a high-density (~10¹⁴-10¹⁵/cc) plasma to resonantly drive wakefields. Based on this idea and on the long term prospect for short p⁺ bunches a p⁺-driven PWFA experimental program was proposed to study the acceleration of electrons to the TeV energy range. Initial experiments will use the 450GeV, 1-3·10¹¹ p⁺ bunches from the CERN SPS and plasmas 5-10m in length. The wakefields will be sampled by an externally injected, low energy (10-20MeV) electron bunch that will gain energy in the GeV range. The experimental plan, as well as the expected results will be presented. N. Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 255003 (2010).
	Slides MOOAB01 [19.595 MB]

MOEPPB003	Status of the PRISM FFAG Design for the Next Generation Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment	solenoid, target, injection, lattice	79
	J. Pasternak, A. Alekou, M. Aslaninejad, R. Chudzinski, L.J. Jenner, A. Kurup, Y. Shi, Y. Uchida Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom R. Appleby, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom K.M. Hock, B.D. Muratori Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom Y. Kuno, A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan M. Lancaster UCL, London, United Kingdom C. Ohmori KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Planche TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada S.L. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA T. Yokoi JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The PRISM Task Force continues to study high intensity and high quality muon beams needed for next generation lepton flavor violation experiments. In the PRISM case such beams have been proposed to be produced by sending a short proton pulse to a pion production target, capturing the pions and performing RF phase rotation on the resulting muon beam in an FFAG ring. This paper summarizes the current status of the PRISM design obtained by the Task Force. In particular various designs for the PRISM FFAG ring are discussed and their performance compared to the baseline one, the injection/extraction systems and matching to the solenoid channels upstream and downstream of the FFAG ring are presented. The feasibility of the construction of the PRISM system is discussed.

MOEPPB006	Formation of Beams in the Ion Accelerator Complex of the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider Facility at JLab	ion, booster, acceleration, collider	88
	S.L. Manikonda, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA B. Erdelyi Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. At the interaction point of the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC) facility the luminosity of 10³³cm^-2s^-1 will be achieved through the collision of counter rotating beams of 0.5A ions and 3A electrons at 750MHz frequency. Formation of ion beams at MEIC is carried out in the Ion Accelerator Complex (IAC) comprising of a linac, pre-booster ring, booster ring, and a collider ring. We will describe the scheme proposed for the formation of ion beams at MEIC facility from the point of view of longitudinal beam dynamics. The proposed scheme minimizes losses due to space charge effects at low energies and needs moderate RF requirements already achieved at other existing facilities. Simulation studies have been conducted to verify the proposed scheme. We will present the results of these simulation studies.

MOEPPB007	Studies of eRHIC Coherent Instabilities	simulation, impedance, betatron, space-charge	91
	G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In the presence of an effective coherent electron cooling, the rms ion bunch length in eRHIC will be kept at 8.4cm, which is about a factor of 3 shorter than the current RHIC rms bunch length. Together with a factor of 2 increase in bunch intensity, coherent instabilities could be a potential limitation for achieving desired machine performance. In this study, we use the tracking code TRANFT to find thresholds and growth rates for various single bunch and coupled bunch instabilities with linear chromaticity and amplitude dependent tune shift taken into account. Based on the simulation results, requirements of machine parameters such as rf voltage, linear chromaticity, and octupole strength are specified to avoid these instabilities.

MOPPC004	Experiments on the Margin of Beam Induced Quenches for LHC Superconducting Quadrupole Magnet in the LHC	injection, quadrupole, kicker, monitoring	124
	C. Bracco, W. Bartmann, M. Bednarek, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A. Nordt, M. Sapinski, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, M. Zerlauth, E.N. del Busto CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Protection of LHC equipment relies on a complex system of collimators to capture injected or circulating beam in case of LHC injection kicker magnet failures. However, for specific failures of the injection kicker, the beam can graze the injection protection collimators and induce quenches of downstream superconducting magnets. This occurred twice during 2011 operation and can also not be excluded during further operation. Tests were performed during Machine Development periods of the LHC to assess the quench margin of the quadrupole located just downstream of the last injection protection collimator in point 8. In addition to the existing Quench Protection System, a special monitoring instrumentation was installed at this magnet to detect any resistance increase below the quench limit. The correlation between the magnet and Beam Loss Monitor signals was analysed for different beam intensities and magnet current. The results of the experiments are presented in this paper.

MOPPC006	90m Optics Studies and Operation in the LHC	optics, injection, quadrupole, target	130
	H. Burkhardt, G.J. Müller, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Cavalier LAL, Orsay, France
	A high β^* = 90 m optics was commissioned and used for first very forward physics operation in the LHC in 2011. The experience gained from working with this optics in 5 studies and operation periods in 2011 was very positive. The target β^* = 90 m was reached by a de-squeeze from the standard 11 m injection and ramp optics on the first attempt and collisions and first physics results obtained in the second study. The optics was measured and corrected with good precision. The running conditions were very clean and allowed for measurements with roman pots very close to the beam.

MOPPC008	LHC Optics Determination with Proton Tracks Measured in the Roman Pots Detectors of the TOTEM Experiment	optics, scattering, lattice, coupling	136
	H. Niewiadomski, H. Burkhardt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F.J. Nemes KFKI, Budapest, Hungary
	The TOTEM experiment at the LHC is equipped with near beam movable devices – called Roman Pots (RP) – which detect protons scattered at the interaction point (IP) arrived to the detectors through the magnet lattice of the LHC. Proton kinematics at IP is reconstructed from positions and angles measured by the RP detectors, on the basis of the optical functions between IP and the RP locations. The precision of optics determination is therefore of the key importance for the experiment. TOTEM developed a novel method of machine optics determination making use of angle-position distributions of elastically scattered protons observed in the RP detectors. The method has been successfully applied to the data samples registered in 2010 and 2011. The studies have shown that the transport matrix could be estimated with a precision better than 1%.

MOPPC017	Causes and Solutions for Emittance Blow-Up During the LHC Cycle	emittance, injection, luminosity, feedback	160
	M. Kuhn Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany G. Arduini, B.J. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, F. Roncarolo, M. Schaumann, R. Versteegen, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Emittance measurements during the run 2011 indicated a blow-up of 20 % to 30 % from LHC injection to collisions. At the LHC design stage the total allowed emittance increase through the cycle was set to 7 %. One of the goals of the 2012 LHC run is therefore to understand and counteract the blow-up. Emittance growth measurements through the LHC cycle along with correlations with possible sources are presented in this paper. Solutions are proposed where possible. The emittance determination accuracy relies on the knowledge of the beam optics and on the present performance of the transverse profile monitors. Possible improvements of the diagnostics and of the related data analysis are also discussed.

MOPPC018	Single/Few Bunch Space Charge Effects at 8 GeV in the Fermilab Main Injector	space-charge, background, factory, simulation	163
	D.J. Scott, D. Capista, I. Kourbanis, K. Seiya, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	For Project X, it is planned to inject a beam of 3 10¹¹ particles per bunch into the Main Injector. Therefore, at 8 GeV, there will be increased space charge tune shifts and an increased incoherent tune spread. In preparation for these higher intensity bunches exploratory studies have commenced looking at the transmission of different intensity bunches at different tunes. An experiment is described with results for bunch intensities between 20 and 172 10⁹ particles. To achieve the highest intensity bunches coalescing at 8 GeV is required, resulting in a longer bunch length. Comparisons show that similar transmission curves are obtained when the intensity and bunch length have increased by factors of 3.2 and 3.4 respectively, indicating the incoherent tune shifts are similar, as expected from theory. The results of these experiments will be used in conjugation with simulations to further study high intensity bunches in the Main Injector.

MOPPC021	Explore the Possibility of Accelerating Polarized He-3 Beam in RHIC	resonance, betatron, closed-orbit, neutron	172
	M. Bai, E.D. Courant, W. Fischer, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. As the world’s first high energy polarized proton collider, RHIC has made significant progress in measuring the proton spin structure in the past decade. In order to have better understanding of the contribution of up and down quarks to the proton spin structure, collisions of high energy polarized neutron beams are required. In this paper, we present studies of accelerating polarized Helium-3 in RHIC with the current dual snake configuration. The possibilities of adding two more pairs of snakes for accelerating polarized He-3 were explored. Results of a six snake configuration in RHIC are also reported in the paper.

MOPPC023	Polarization Transmission at RHIC, Numerical Simulations	polarization, resonance, simulation, optics	178
	F. Méot, M. Bai, C. Liu, M.G. Minty, V.H. Ranjbar BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Ray-tracing methods, using the computer code Zgoubi, have proven efficient for beam and spin dynamics simulations in RHIC (see earlier PAC and IPAC publications). More simulations and results are being produced, including spin code benchmarking and cross-checking, effects of strongest resonances and working point on transport of polarization, polarization with Run 9 and Run 11 measured ramp orbit and optics, polarization profiles, etc. The numerical methods involved are recalled, a status of the work is given.

MOPPC025	RHIC Polarized Proton Operation in Run 12	polarization, luminosity, emittance, acceleration	184
	V. Schoefer, L. A. Ahrens, A. Anders, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, A. Dion, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, A. Kirleis, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Successful RHIC operation with polarized protons requires meeting demanding and sometimes competing goals for maximizing both luminosity and beam polarization. In Run 12 we sought to fully integrate into operation the many systems that were newly commissioned in Run 11 as well as to enhance collider performance with incremental improvements throughout the acceleration cycle. For luminosity maximization special attention was paid to several possible source of emittance dilution along the injector chain, in particular to optical matching during transfer between accelerators. Possible sources of depolarization in the AGS and RHIC were also investigated including the effects of local coupling and low frequency (10 Hz) oscillations in the vertical equilibrium orbit during the RHIC ramp. The results of a fine storage energy scan made in an effort to improve store polarization lifetime are also reported in this note.

MOPPC026	Simulations of Coherent Beam-Beam Effects with Head-on Compensation	electron, resonance, simulation, lattice	187
	S.M. White, W. Fischer, Y. Luo BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work partially supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LARP, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Electron lenses are foreseen to be installed in RHIC in order to mitigate the head-on beam-beam effects. This would allow operation with higher bunch intensity and result in a significant increase in luminosity. We report on recent strong-strong simulations that were carried out using the RHIC upgrade parameters to assess the impact of coherent beam-beam effects in the presence of head-on compensation.

MOPPC029	Off-momentum Beat-beat Correction in the RHIC Proton Run	sextupole, quadrupole, simulation, lattice	196
	Y. Luo, M. Bai, W. Fischer, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In this article we will present the measurement and correction of the off-momentum β^*-beat in the RHIC proton run. The beta-beat will be measured with the AC dipole and by shifting RF frequency. We will focus on the correction of the off-momentum beta-beat at the interaction points IP6 and IP8 with the arc chromatic sextupole families. The effects of the off-momentum beta-beat correction on the global chromaticities and dynamic aperture will be estimated through beam experiments and the numerical simulation.

MOPPC036	Influence of Intense Beam in High Pressure Hydrogen Gas Filled RF Cavities	cavity, electron, plasma, pick-up	208
	K. Yonehara, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup Fermilab, Batavia, USA M. Chung Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea M.G. Collura Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, M. Notani Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA B.T. Freemire, Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. Breakdown plasma in a high-pressure hydrogen gas filled RF cavity has been studied from a time domain spectroscopic light analysis. The observed breakdown plasma temperature and density reached 21,000 K and 10²⁰ cm^-3, respectively. The electron recombination rate has been evaluated from the decay of plasma density in various gas pressures. The recombination mechanism in dense plasma will be discussed. Finally, the similarity and difference of the breakdown processes between the high-pressure hydrogen gas filled RF cavity and a vacuum RF one will be discussed.

MOPPC040	Study of Electronegative Gas Effect in Beam-Induced Plasma	cavity, plasma, electron, ion	220
	M.A. Leonova, M.R. Jana, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, USA M. Chung Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea M.G. Collura Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Funding: This research was supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories call for R&D for a high-gradient RF system capable of operating in a high magnetic field. Adding a high pressure gas inside an RF cavity (HPRF) prevents cavity breakdown, allowing higher gradients in a magnetic field. A high-energy beam passing through an HPRF cavity ionizes the gas, producing plasma. Plasma electrons absorb cavity’s energy, reducing the energy available for beam acceleration. Doping cavity gas with electronegative gas (gas that tends to attract and bond electrons) reduces the number of plasma electrons. The experiments were carried out at the MuCool Test Area (MTA) facility at Fermilab. Different concentrations of an electronegative gas SF6 were added to hydrogen gas. The results of room-temperature tests showing a great reduction in power drop in the cavity will be presented. However, a realistic cavity would operate at liquid nitrogen temperature, where SF6 freezes. Thus, a search for a better electronegative gas candidate is underway; we plan to test oxygen-doping next.

MOPPC041	Control of Beam Losses in the Front End for the Neutrino Factory	target, factory, solenoid, collider	223
	C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	The Neutrino Factory produces neutrinos by muon decay in a storage ring. Pions are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target. Pions decay to muons, which are captured and accelerated to high energy. The target produces additionally a large background that is deposited in the muon capture front end and subsequent components. The implications of energy deposition in the front end lattice for the Neutrino Factory are addressed. Several approaches to mitigating the effect are proposed and discussed, including proton absorbers, chicane, and shielding.

MOPPC044	Gallium as a Possible Target Material for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory	target, factory, collider, interaction-region	232
	X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Awards No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL) and No. DF-FG02-92ER40695 (UCLA) We consider the potential for a free-gallium-jet as an option for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Advantages of such a target choice are its liquid state at relatively low temperature, its relatively efficient meson production, and its lower activation (compared to mercury). Using the MARS15 code, we have simulated particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16~GeV. For each proton beam energy, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the liquid jet, the incoming proton beam angle, and the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam. We compare the quantity of generated muons using a Ga target to that from a mercury jet target.

MOPPC050	The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory	factory, lattice, target, acceleration	244
	K.R. Long, J.K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	A neutrino factory is a facility for producing a large neutrino flux from the decay of high energy muons. The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) aims to produce a reference design report for such a facility. The report will contain the physics motivation for the facility, describe the accelerator and detector, and estimate the cost for the facility. We will briefly discuss the physics capabilities for a neutrino factory, including how recent neutrino physics results affect our understanding of a neutrino factory's performance and advantages. We will give an overview of our baseline design for the accelerator facility. We will then outline the most significant areas of progress in our studies of the accelerator subsystems. Paper submitted on behalf of the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory collaboration.

MOPPD007	Towards Routine Operation of the Scintillation Profile Monitor at COSY	electron, vacuum, injection, synchrotron	382
	V. Kamerdzhiev, J. Dietrich, K. Reimers FZJ, Jülich, Germany C. Böhme ESS, Lund, Sweden A. Pernizki INP, Jülich, Germany
	The optics of the Scintillation Profile Monitor (SPM) was modified to correct the large error observed in previous measurements. Beam profile measurements were carried out after reinstallation in the COSY ring, showing reasonable agreement with profiles, measured with the ionization profile monitor. Performance of the SPM is analyzed. Application of the method in a proton synchrotron is discussed.

MOPPD018	A FFAG Design Study for an Accelerator-driven System	synchrotron, resonance, acceleration, focusing	403
	T.-Y. Lee, H.-S. Kang, H.-S. Lee PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Design of a 1 GeV FFAG accelerator is studied for the accelerator-driven sub-critical nuclear reactor system. Scaling and non-scaling lattices are studied and compared with each other. Corresponding magnet design and RF system are considered.

MOPPD019	Vertical Orbit Excursion FFAG Accelerators with Edge Focussing	injection, lattice, neutron, dynamic-aperture	406
	S.J. Brooks STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for the magnets in fixed-field machines. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. The end fields of such magnets with edge angles provide an alternating gradient without the need for reverse bends, thus reducing the machine circumference. Similarly to spiral scaling horizontal FFAGs (but unlike non-scaling versions), the machine has fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range. Rings capable of boosting the 150mm.mrad geometric emittance beam from the ISIS proton synchrotron to 3, 5 and 12GeV using superconducting magnets are presented, the latter corresponding to 2.5MW beam power.

MOPPD020	A Model for a High-Power Scaling FFAG Ring	injection, dynamic-aperture, lattice, extraction	409
	G.H. Rees, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, S.L. Sheehy STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	High-power FFAG rings are under study to serve as drivers for neutron spallation, muon production, and accelerator-driven reactor systems. In this paper, which follows on from earlier work, a 20 - 70 MeV model for a high-power FFAG driver is described. This model would serve as a test bed to study topics such as space charge and injection in such rings. The design incorporates a long straight to facilitate H^- charge exchange injection. The dynamic aperture is calculated in order to optimize the working point in tune space. The injection scheme is also described. A separate design for an ISIS injector, featuring a novel modification to the scaling law, was also studied. G.H. Rees and D.J. Kelliher, “New, high power, scaling, FFAG driver ring designs” HB2010, Morschach, September 2010, MOPD07, p. 54, http://www. JACoW.org

MOPPD021	An Experimental Investigation of Slow Integer Tune Crossing in the EMMA Non-scaling FFAG	acceleration, resonance, simulation, closed-orbit	412
	J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom B.D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Student STFC grant number: ST/G004277/1. Results are presented from a slow integer tune crossing experiment performed in the EMMA accelerator. Under nominal conditions EMMA accelerates an electron beam from 10–20 MeV rapidly in 5–10 turns in a novel “serpentine” channel causing several transverse integer tunes to be crossed. During this rapid acceleration it has been shown that the betatron amplitude of the beam does not grow. If the potential of non-scaling FFAGs were to be realized in such fields as high-current proton acceleration then tune space would be crossed slower with acceleration in an RF bucket. The crossing speed in a non-scaling FFAG is in a previously unstudied intermediate region and hence conventional crossing theory may not apply. It was proposed to observe the effects on betatron amplitude when a beam crosses integer tunes by the variation of tune with momentum over a range of crossing speeds derived from different acceleration rates. This method can be realized by synchrotron acceleration inside a stable RF bucket. Betatron amplitude growth and beam loss as a function of turn are explored when crossing an integer tune and a relationship between crossing speed and these quantities is established.

MOPPD024	C70 Arronax in the Hands-On Phase	target, cyclotron, simulation, injection	418
	F. Poirier, S. Auduc, L. Lamouric SUBATECH, Nantes, France S. Girault, F. Gomez, E. Mace Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France
	The C70 Arronax, is a high-intensity (2x375 μA) and high-energy (70 MeV) multiparticle cyclotron that started its hands-on phase in December 2010. The operating and maintenance group is accumulating experience on this machine. A review of the machine status and present possibilities in terms of beam capacities is thus presented in this paper. The status of the beamline simulations is also given.

MOPPD026	A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron for the DAEδALUS Experiment	cyclotron, extraction, injection, focusing	421
	L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Calanna, D. Campo CSFNSM, Catania, Italy M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy F. Méot BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. The experiment DAEδALUS, proposed by MIT scientist to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, needs three accelerator with energy of about 800 MeV, average power of some MW and duty cycle of 20%. To reduce the cost of the accelerators a cyclotron complex consisting of an injector* and of a booster ring cyclotron has been proposed**. The booster Superconducting Ring Cyclotron is able to accelerate a H²⁺ molecule beam up to 800 MeV/n with a peak current of 10 mA and average power higher than 1.6 MW. To simplify the design of the superconducting magnetic coils, to minimize the radial force shift and to increase the room to host the RF cavities, the previous study has been updated increasing the injection energy of the H²⁺ and also the injection energy. The updated study on the magnetic sector configuration, on the superconducting coils and the magnetic forces are presented. The isochronous magnetic field, the beam dynamics along the injection and extraction path and during the acceleration are presented, too. J. Alonso et al., Jun2010 e-Print: arXiv:1006.0260 L. Calabretta, Proc. IPAC 2011, WEPS073 (2011). * L. Calabretta, Cyclotrons 2010, Lanzhou.

MOPPD033	Strong-focusing Cyclotron - High-current Applications	cyclotron, dipole, focusing, cavity	436
	P.M. McIntyre, S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, C. Collins, J. Comeaux, R. Garrison, J.N. Kellams, T.L. Mann, A.D. McInturff, N. Pogue, A. Sattarov Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and from the Mitchell Family Foundation. Quadrupole focusing channels are integrated into the pole faces of a superconducting sector cyclotron, to enable control of the betatron tunes for all orbits. This provision makes it possible to lock the tunes to desired values for all orbits, thereby eliminating resonance crossing and facilitating local orbit bumps for injection and extraction. Optical control is of particular importance for applications where higher beam current is desired, for ADS fission drivers, for spallation neutron sources, and for medical isotope production.

MOPPD036	Gabor Lens Focusing for Medical Applications	ion, laser, space-charge, focusing	442
	J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The widespread introduction of Hadron therapy for cancer treatment is inhibited by the large costs for the accelerator and treatment facility and the subsequent maintenance costs which reflects into the cost per treatment. In the long term future (laser) plasma wakefield accelerated hadrons could offer compact treatment devices with significantly reduced treatment costs. In the moment the particle distributions produced by such accelerators do not fulfill the medical requirements by far. Never the less steady progress on the field might change the situation in the future. Beside the reliable production of a sufficient number of ions at the required energy the formation of a particle beam suitable for treatment from the burst of ions created in the acceleration process is one of the major challenges. While conventional optical systems will be operating at the technical limits which would be contradictory to the cost argument, space charge lenses of the Gabor type might be a cost effective alternative. In this paper a beam line consisting of such lenses will be presented together with particle transport simulations.

MOPPD039	Status of the Design of the LBNE Neutrino Beamline	target, extraction, status, shielding	451
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, M.R. Campbell, A.Z. Chen, S.C. Childress, C.D. Moore Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, about 1300 km away. The neutrinos are produced as follows: First, protons extracted from the MI-10 section of the Main Injector (60-120 GeV) hit a solid target above grade and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into a 250 m long decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account several factors including the physics goals, the modeling of the facility, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW in order to enable the facility to run with an upgraded accelerator complex. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

MOPPD041	Beam Loss Protection for a 2.3 Megawatt LBNE Proton Beam	dipole, quadrupole, power-supply, target	454
	R.M. Zwaska, S.C. Childress, A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy. Severe limits are required for allowable beam loss during extraction and transport of a 2.3 MW primary proton beam for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) at Fermilab. Detailed simulations with the STRUCT and MARS codes have evaluated the impact of beam loss of 1.6·10¹⁴ protons per pulse at 120 GeV, ranging from a single pulse full loss to sustained small fractional loss. It is shown that localized loss of a single beam pulse at 2.3 MW will result in a destructive event: beam pipe failure, damaged magnets and high levels of residual radiation inside the tunnel. A sustained full beam loss would be catastrophic. Acceptable beam loss limits have been determined and robust solutions developed to enable efficient proton beam operation under these constraints.

MOPPD043	Novel Muon Beam Facilities for Project X at Fermilab	target, dipole, linac, electron	457
	C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.J. Abrams, T.J. Roberts, C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Innovative muon beam concepts for intensity-frontier experiments such as muon-to-electron conversion are described. Elaborating upon a previous single-beam idea, we have developed a design concept for a system to generate four high quality, low-energy muon beams (two of each sign) from a single beam of protons. As a first step, the production of pions by 1 and 3 GeV protons from the proposed Project X linac at Fermilab is being simulated and compared with the 8-GeV results from the previous study.

MOPPD044	Optimization of the Target Subsystem for the New g-2 Experiment	target, simulation, focusing, factory	460
	C. Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, J.P. Morgan, D.V. Neuffer, S.I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	A precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, aμ = (g-2)/2, was previously performed at BNL with a result of 2.2 - 2.7 standard deviations above the Standard Model (SM) theoretical calculations. The same experimental apparatus is being planned to run in the new Muon Campus at Fermilab, where the muon beam is expected to have less pion contamination and the extended dataset may provide a possible 7.5σ deviation from the SM, creating a sensitive and complementary benchmark for proposed SM extensions. We report here on a preliminary study of the target subsystem where the apparatus is optimized for pions that have favorable phase space to create polarized daughter muons around the magic momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, which is needed by the downstream g 2 muon ring.

MOPPD045	Performance Study of the PEFP Microwave Ion Source with Modified Microwave System	ion-source, ion, high-voltage, linac	463
	D.I. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government. A microwave ion source has been developed as a proton injector for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) 100-MeV proton linac. The microwave ion source consists of the 2.45-GHz microwave components, a solenoid magnet, a vacuum system, power supplies for beam extraction and bias electrode, a cooling system. It was operating for 1 year to supply beam to the 20-MeV proton accelerator. Recently, a multi-layer insulation DC break was installed between proton source and 2.45-GHz microwave components. Also, the magnetron was replaced with lower saturation power level. The tests of the microwave system have been done to study the effect of the DC break and new magnetron compared with the former one. Also, the beam test was done after the operating conditions of the microwave system were adjusted. In this paper, the performance studies of the PEFP microwave ion source with DC break and new magnetron are discussed.

MOPPD048	Ribbon Electron Beam Profile Monitor for Bunched Beam Tomography	electron, cathode, ion, diagnostics	472
	V.G. Dudnikov Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA A.V. Aleksandrov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0007559 Advanced beam diagnostics are essential for high performance accelerator beam production and for reliable accelerator operation. It is important to have noninvasive diagnostics which can be used continuously with intense beams of accelerated particles. Recently, an electron probe was successfully used to determine accelerated particle density distributions. However, the apparatus used for this diagnostic is large and complex which restricts its wider use for tomography of accelerated bunches. We propose to use a strip cathode is for ribbon electron beam formation instead of a scanning of pencil beam used in the previous electron probe bunch profile monitors. The apparatus with the strip cathode is smaller, has simpler design and less expensive manufacturing, can have better magnetic shielding, higher sensitivity, higher resolution, can have better measurement accuracy and better time resolution. With this device it is possible to develop almost ideal tomography diagnostics of bunches in linear accelerators and in circular accelerators and storage rings.

MOPPD050	Dipole Magnet Design for a Bunch Compressor	dipole, neutron, linac, focusing	478
	T. Kanesue, L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The FRANZ-ARMADILLO is a Mobley type bunch compressor system at the pulsed intense neutron source FRANZ, under construction at Frankfurt University. The FRANZ-ARMADILLO compresses 9μbunches of a 150 mA, 2 MeV proton beam accelerated by a 175 MHz linac into one short pulse of 1 ns pulse length with 250 kHz repetition rate. In the bunch compressor, two homogeneous dipole magnets and two gradient dipole magnets guide theμbunches, separated by a 5 MHz RF-kicker on individual tracks. The flight path length of theμbunches are determined based on the bunch center velocity and the linac frequency for the longitudinal bunch compression. The gradient dipole magnets provide individual magnetic fields and edge focusing forces to everyμbunch. For the center trajectory, the required parameters are a magnetic field density of 509.2 mT, bending angle of 78.27 deg, and bending radius of 404.5 mm. To satisfy all specifications, field clamps, shims, and chamfer cut will be adopted. The result of the gradient dipole magnet design and the expected performance based on beam dynamics studies will be presented.

MOPPD051	Performance of Resonant Slow Extraction from J-PARC Main Ring	extraction, feedback, quadrupole, septum	481
	M. Tomizawa, Y. Arakaki, T. Kimura, S. Murasugi, R. Muto, H. Nakagawa, K. Okamura, H. Sato, Y. Shirakabe, T. Toyama, E. Yanaoka, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki, Japan D. Horikawa Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan K. Mochiki Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan A. Schnase JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Proton beam accelerated by the J-PARC main ring (MR) with an imaginary transition lattice is slowly extracted by a third integer resonant extraction scheme and delivered to the hadron experimental hall. One of the critical issues in the slow extraction from a high intensity proton synchrotron is the inevitable beam loss caused by the extraction process at septum devices. A design with low beam loss (high extraction efficiency) is required to reduce machine damage and radiation exposure during hands-on maintenance. We have designed the slow extraction scheme to obtain high extraction efficiency for the MR lattice. The scheme has a large step size and a small angular spread enabling a hit rate of the beam on the developed thin septum device. Since the first 30 GeV proton beam was successfully delivered to the experimental hall in January 2009, an extremely high extraction efficiency of 99.5% has been achieved by an intensive beam tuning. In this paper, we report details of such performance. We will also describe some schemes to improve the serious spiky spill time structure due to large current ripples from the power supplies for the bending and quadrupole magnets.

MOPPD052	Study of Electrostatic Septum by Low-Z Material for High Intensity Proton Beam	septum, extraction, scattering, beam-losses	484
	D. Horikawa Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan Y. Arakaki, K. Okamura, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan I. Sakai University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan T. Shimogawa Saga University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga, Japan
	In a high-intensity proton accelerator, the beam loss at the time of late beam extraction causes radioactivation of apparatus. It takes out and is a problem serious to that of upper about beam power. Its attention was paid to electric septum (ESS) of the equipment used for beam extraction for problem solving. The septum section of ESS which beam hits directly is usually used for tungsten. Therefore, it is low atomic number material to the septum section. Development of the new model ESS using the textile material carbon fiber of a certain carbon (CF) was started. Is it a problem in CF at processability? Is it using for the septum section of ESS for a certain reason? Difficult it was. Therefore, it succeeded in obtaining required form and intensity by developing the twisting thread technology of CF. Moreover, the tension strength test of CFwire and the pyrogenicity test by electric current were done. Is it the tension intensity and heat durability which exceed the existing tungsten wire? It was confirmed. In addition to the ESS development technique using these new materials, and a result, a future measure is reported.

MOPPD053	Reduction of Outgassing from the Ferrite Cores in the Kicker Magnet of J-PARC RCS	vacuum, kicker, high-voltage, beam-transport	487
	N. Ogiwara, Y. Hikichi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, K. Suganuma, T. Yanagibashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Kicker magnets are used to kick out the accelerated beam to the beam transport lines in the RCS of the J-PARC. A high voltage is applied to kickers for a short period, so they must be installed in a vacuum to prevent discharge. Therefore, it is important to reduce the outgassing of water vapor from the ferrite cores. After bake-out at 200°C for 300 hours, the outgassing rate decreased to less than 1×10^-7 Pam/s. However, the small amount of water vapor and carbon monoxide were emitted from the ferrite cores at charging voltage of 80 kV. This time, we have decided to construct the reserve magnets with very low outgassing at high-voltage discharge. First of all, the thermal desorption behavior of the ferrite was investigated. Water vapor has two peaks: at ~ 100°C and 350°C. Carbon monoxide is rather largely emitted until 300°C. From these results, the ferrite cores were vacuum-fired at 450°C for 10 h. Then the good properties for the magnetic cores were confirmed. And now the assembling of the kicker magnet is undertaken. The performance of the kicker magnet made of the vacuum-fired ferrite will be shown in this meeting.

MOPPD064	Simulation of Double Layer Carbon Stripping Foils for ISIS Injection Upgrades	injection, simulation, radiation, scattering	514
	H. V. Smith, D.J. Adams, B. Jones, C.M. Warsop STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom Y. Irie, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	ISIS, the pulsed neutron and muon spallation source located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), currently delivers a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to target. A 70 MeV H linear accelerator feeds into a 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton synchrotron, accelerating up to 3·10¹³ protons per pulse. Potential injection scheme upgrades, aiming to raise average beam power towards 0.5 MW with a new 180 MeV linear accelerator, continue to be studied. This paper highlights recent results from temperature studies of double layer carbon foils, suitable for injection at 180 MeV into ISIS, using ANSYS. Experimental data from KEK was used to benchmark models and the variation of temperature as a function of foil separation was considered.

MOPPD067	Novel Slow Extraction Scheme for Proton Accelerators Using Pulsed Dipole Correctors and Crystals	extraction, septum, scattering, betatron	517
	V.D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 Slow extraction of protons beams from circular accelerators is currently widely used for a variety of beam-based experiments. The method has some deficiencies including limited efficiency of extraction, radiation induced due to scattering on the electrostatic septa and limited beam pipe aperture, beam dynamics effects of space charge forces and magnet power supplies ripple. Here we present a novel slow extraction scheme employing a number of non-standard accelerator elements, such as Silicone crystal strips and pulsed strip-line dipole correctors, and illustrate practicality of these examples at the 8 GeV proton Recycler Ring at Fermilab.

MOPPD070	A SVD-based Orbit Steering Algorithm for RHIC Injection	injection, ion, heavy-ion, controls	523
	C. Liu, A. Marusic, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The RHIC physics programs involve experiments with polarized proton and several species of ion beams. In the past, when switching between physics programs, first turn and circulating beam in RHIC was established manually by adjustments to the corrector dipoles for minimum beam loss. In this report, we introduce a new steering scheme based on an SVD algorithm which uses a single-pass orbit response matrix for first turn steering. The new scheme was implemented into the controls system and demonstrated successfully in Run-11. Establishing circulating beam using this automated approach has been shown to dramatically reduce the beam setup time.

MOPPD077	Studies for an Alternative LHC Non-Linear Collimation System	collimation, sextupole, betatron, impedance	544
	L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, V. Boccone, F. Cerutti, A. Mereghetti, R. Versaci, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari, J. Resta-López IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program. A LHC nonlinear Betatron cleaning collimation system would allow larger gap for the mechanical jaws, reducing as a consequence the collimator-induced impedance, which may limit the LHC beam intensity. In this paper, the performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of beam losses distribution around the LHC ring and cleaning efficiency in stable physics condition at 7TeV for Beam1. Moreover, the energy deposition distribution on the machine elements is compared to the present LHC Betatron cleaning collimation system in the Point 7 Insertion Region (IR).

MOPPD078	Accelerator Physics Study on the Effects from an Asynchronous Beam Dump in the LHC Experimental Region Collimators	simulation, kicker, betatron, optics	547
	L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, V. Boccone, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Mereghetti, A. Rossi, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program. Asynchronous beam aborts at the LHC are to be expected once per year. Accelerator physics studies of asynchronous dumps have been performed at different beam energies and beta-stars. The loss patterns are analyzed in order to identify the losses in particular on the Phase 1 Tertiary Collimators (TCT), since their Tungsten jaw insert has a low damage threshold with respect to the loss load expected. Settings for the tilt angle of the TCTs are discussed with the aim of reducing the thermal loads on the TCT themselves.

MOPPD080	Improved Robustness of the LHC Collimation System by Operating with a Jaw-beam Angle	collimation, radiation, scattering, alignment	553
	L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, A. Rossi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Cauchi UoM, Msida, Malta A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program. The robustness of the Phase I collimation system could be improved playing with the angular orientation of each single jaw. A preliminary study on the asymmetric misalignment of the collimator jaws, scanning through different jaw angles and varying beam sizes and energy, have been carried out, aiming at minimizing the energy deposited on metallic collimators, following an asynchronous dump.

MOPPD082	Recent T980 Crystal Collimation Studies at the Tevatron Exploiting a Pixel Detector System and a Multi-strip Crystal Array	collimation, collider, vacuum, scattering	559
	D.A. Still, G. Annala, R.A. Carrigan, A.I. Drozhdin, T.R. Johnson, N.V. Mokhov, V. Previtali, R.A. Rivera, V.D. Shiltsev, J.R. Zagel, V.V. Zvoda Fermilab, Batavia, USA Y.A. Chesnokov, I.A. Yazynin IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Yu.M. Ivanov PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). With the shutdown of the Tevatron, the T-980 crystal collimation experiment at Fermilab has been successfully completed. Results of dedicated beam studies in May 2011 are described in this paper. For these studies, two multi-strip crystals were installed in the vertical goniometer. A two-plane CMS pixel detector was positioned upstream of the E03 collimator to image beam deflected by the crystals. This new enhanced hardware yielded impressive results. For the first time, a 980-GeV proton halo beam, channeled by an O-shaped crystal of the horizontal goniometer, was imaged using the pixel detector. The performance of this crystal, the first element of the collimation system, was very good. Reproducible results on the reduction of local beam losses were also obtained with an 8-strip crystal. For volume reflection these beam losses were measured with the PIN diodes and loss monitors at the E03 collimator. The long range beam losses for the channeled beam were observed using the F17 collimator one third of the ring downstream of the crystal. The measured channeling efficiency of the O-shaped crystal and the volume reflection efficiency of the 8-strip crystal were both ~70%.

MOPPD084	Optimization of Extinction Efficiency in the 8-GeV Mu2e Beam Line	target, background, dipole, alignment	565
	I.L. Rakhno, A.I. Drozhdin, C. Johnstone, N.V. Mokhov, E. Prebys Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab is being designed to probe for new physics beyond the standard model at mass scales up to 10000 TeV. The advance in experimental sensitivity is four orders of magnitude when compared to existing data on charged lepton flavor violation. The critical requirement of the experiment is the ability to deliver a proton beam contained in short 100-ns bunches onto a muon production target, with an inter-bunch separation of about 1700 ns. In order to insure the low level of background at the muon detector consistent with the required sensitivity, protons that reach the target between bunches must be suppressed by an enormous factor, 109. This paper describes the results of numerical modeling with STRUCT and MARS codes for a beam line with a collimation system,** and optics that achieves an experimental extinction factor of one per billion. * R.M. Carey et al., Mu2e Proposal, Fermilab (2008). W. Molzon, “Proton Beam Extinction,” MECO-EXT-05-002 (2005). * E. Prebys, Mu2e-doc-534 (2009), http://mu2e-docdb.fnal.gov.

MOPPR002	Overview of the Beam Diagnostics in the MedAustron Accelerator: Design Choices and Test Beam Commissioning	emittance, synchrotron, injection, extraction	774
	F. Osmic, M. Feurstein, A. Gyorgy, A. Kerschbaum, M. Repovz, S.M. Schwarz EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria G. Burtin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The MedAustron center is a synchrotron based accelerator complex for cancer treatment and for clinical and non-clinical research with protons and light ions, currently under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The accelerator complex is based on the CERN-PIMMS study and its technical implementation by the Italian CNAO foundation in Pavia. The MedAustron beam diagnostics system is based on sixteen different monitor types (153 devices in total) and will allow measuring all relevant beam parameters from the source to the irradiation rooms. The monitors will have to cope with large intensity and energy ranges. Currently, one ion source, the low energy beam transfer line and the RFQ are being commissioned in the Injector Test Stand (ITS) at CERN. This paper gives an overview of all beam monitors foreseen for the MedAustron accelerator, elaborates some of the design choices, and reports the first beam commissioning results from the ITS.

MOPPR013	Beam Loss and Transmission Control at FAIR	controls, ion, synchrotron, extraction	801
	M. Schwickert, T. Hoffmann, F. Kurian, H. Reeg, A. Reiter GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W. Vodel HIJ, Jena, Germany
	FAIR, the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, is presently entering the final layout phase at GSI. The injector chain consists of the existing linear accelerator UNILAC and synchrotron SIS18, plus a new dedicated 70 MeV high-intensity proton Linac. Along the injector chain to the main synchrotron SIS100 as well as in the beam transport lines, which connect synchrotrons, storage rings and experimental areas, beam transmission or vice versa beam loss have to be controlled very precisely. To supply a maximum intensity of 5·10¹¹ U²⁸⁺/spill to experiments and to prevent machine damages by intense beams, an integrated system for transmission and loss control is mandatory. While various kinds of beam current transformers control transmission online, intercepting Particle Detector Combinations (scintillators, ionization chambers, secondary electron monitors) are foreseen for optimization runs. External Beam Loss Monitors indirectly detect loss positions by measuring secondary particles. This contribution summarizes the requirements for the related detector systems and presents basic concepts for beam loss and transmission control at FAIR.

MOPPR028	Upgrade Plan of BLM System of J-PARC MR	extraction, injection, ion, monitoring	837
	K. Satou, T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	The upgrade plan of BLM system of J-PARC Main Ring synchrotron (MR) will be described. Existing proportional chamber beam loss monitors (P-BLMs) have fast signal rise time of about 100ns and high gas gain of about 2·10⁴ at the maximum. These abilities were quite advantageous for the early beam commissioning stage. On the other hand, the gas gain is degraded with increasing output current. The P-BLM is suitable for a measurement of a low level beam loss event, however, vulnerable to a measurement of an accidental beam loss event (fast loss) causing high radiation. To enhance the dynamic range of the system, 1m long Air Ionization Chambers (AICs) will be installed and operated with the P-BLM. Experiments using the real beam loss at collimator area and at the Co60 radiation facility have demonstrated the stable operations up to the radiation level activated by the maximum beam loss power of the collimator area. A new data taking system is now under development, and its performances will also be presented.

MOPPR039	Development of Beam Position Monitor for PEFP Linac and Beam line	linac, coupling, DTL, quadrupole	864
	J.Y. Ryu, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government. The development of the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is in progress for the linac and beam lines of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). We choose a strip line BPM for the PEFP 20-MeV and 100-MeV beam lines in order to increase the sensitivity of the relatively long bunches in the beam lines. We also selected the same type BPM for the proton linac in the energy range between 20-MeV and 100-MeV. The prototype BPM was designed, fabricated and tested at KAERI site, where the 20-MeV linac was operated. To check the performance of the BPM, we performed the field mapping. The characteristics and test results of the BPM on the test bench as well as with 20-MeV proton beam will be presented in this paper.

MOPPR043	Design, Construction and Calibration of a First Prototype of Beam Position System for Hadron Therapy Facilities	controls, vacuum, power-supply, high-voltage	876
	A. Faus-Golfe, C. Belver-Aguilar, C. Blanch Gutierrez, J.J. García-Garrigós IFIC, Valencia, Spain E. Benveniste, M. Haguenauer, P. Poilleux LLR, Palaiseau, France
	Funding: AIC10-D-000518 and AIC-D-2011-0673. Beam Position Monitors (BPM) are essential elements in the instrumentation for the beam control in hadron therapy accelerators. The measurement of the beam position become more important at the secondary transport lines towards the patient room where this parameter must be completely determined. In this paper we describe the design, construction, read-out electronics and first calibration tests of a new type of BPM based on four scintillating fibers coupled to four photodiodes to detect the light produced by the fibers when intercepting the beam tails. The prototype will serve to evaluate the different design options in the mechanical and the read-out electronics implementation as well as to define the best processing method to get the beam position.

MOPPR047	Study of the Response of Low Pressure Ionisation Chambers	target, electron, monitoring, synchrotron	888
	E. Nebot Del Busto, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, V. Grishin, J.F. Herranz Alvarez CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is based on parallel plate Ionization Chambers (IC) with active volume ~1.5l and a nitrogen filling gas at 0.1 bar overpressure. At the largest loss locations, the ICs generate signals large enough to saturate the read-out electronics. A reduction of the active volume and filling pressure in the ICs would decrease the amount of charge collected in the electrodes, and so provide a higher saturation limit using the same electroncis. This makes Little Ionization Chambers (LIC) filled with both reduced pressure and active volume a good candidate for these high radiation areas. In this contribution we present measurements performed with several LIC monitors with reduced active volume and various filling pressures. These detectors were tested under various conditions with different beam setups, with standard LHC ICs used for calibration purposes.

MOPPR063	Exploiting the Undesired: Beam-gas Interactions in the LHC	vacuum, radiation, simulation, quadrupole	927
	R. Versaci, V. Baglin, M. Brugger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Mereghetti UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	The vacuum inside the LHC pipes has a key role in correct operation of the accelerator. The interaction of the beam with residual gas in the pipes can lead to the loss of the beam itself and damage accelerator components. Nevertheless, beam-gas interactions can be exploited to indirectly measure the gas pressure inside the beam pipe, detecting the secondaries produced. The showers generated are detected by Beam Loss Monitors, whose signals depend on the gas pressure. This technique would also allow to punctually measure the gas pressure in sections of the accelerator where vacuum gauges are not frequent, such as the arcs. The problem has been addressed by means of FLUKA simulations and the results have been benchmarked with direct measurements performed in the LHC in 2011.

MOPPR070	Beam Profile Measurement in MTA Beam Line for High Pressure RF Cavity Beam Test	cavity, diagnostics, linac, electron	948
	M.R. Jana, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, C. Johnstone, T. Kobilarcik, G.M. Koizumi, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, USA M. Chung Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea M.G. Collura Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. The recent High Pressure RF (HPRF) cavity experiment at the MuCool Test Area (MTA) used a 400 MeV Linac proton beam to study the beam loading effect. When the energetic proton beam passes through the cavity, it ionizes the inside gas and produces electrons. These electrons consume RF power inside the cavity. The number of electrons produced per cm inside the cavity (at 950 psi Hydrogen gas) per incident proton is 1200. The measurement of beam position and profile are necessary. The MTA is a flammable gas (Hydrogen) hazard zone, so we have developed a passive beam diagnostic instrument using a Chromox-6 scintillation screen and CCD camera. This paper presents quantitative information about beam position and beam profile. A neutral density filter was used to avoid saturation of the CCD camera. Image data is filtered and fitted with a Gaussian function to compute the beam size. The beam profile obtained from the scintillation screen will be compared with a multi-wire beam profile.

MOPPR076	Using the BRAN Luminosity Detectors for Beam Emittance Monitoring During LHC Physics Runs	luminosity, emittance, monitoring, interaction-region	966
	A. Ratti, H.S. Matis, M. Placidi, W.C. Turner LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA E. Bravin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T.E. Lahey SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA E.S.M. McCrory Fermilab, Batavia, USA R. Miyamoto ESS, Lund, Sweden S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: This work partially supported by the US Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). The BRAN Ionization Chambers installed at the IP1 and IP5 Interaction Points of the LHC provide a relative measurement of the total and bunch-by-bunch luminosities. This information, combined with the logged bunch charges from a fast BCT monitor, offers the possibility of evaluating the Interaction Area in collision for each of the colliding bunch pairs and monitor its time evolution. A Graphic User Interface (GUI) has been implemented to display the interaction area of the proton bunches interacting in IP1 and IP5 during each of the Physics Runs in the attempt of displaying the contribution to the Luminosity time decay originating from possible emittance blow-up when operating the Accelerator close to the beam-beam limit. Early results confirm the ability to characterize the bunch by bunch emittance behavior during the store and study possible differences among bunches in the same fill.

TUYA01	Research and Development of Future Muon Collider	cavity, collider, plasma, emittance	1020
	K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	A muon collider would provide a unique facility for future elementary-particle physics research, and present unique challenges for accelerator physics and technology. An R&D effort is underway to address major challenges in the design of a future muon collider. This talk should provide an opportunity to discuss the muon collider's challenges, present recent R&D results, and describe future prospects.

TUYA02	Overview of Asymmetric Electron Hadron Colliders	electron, collider, ion, hadron	1025
	V. Ptitsyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The first lepton-proton collider HERA at DESY completed its operation in 2007. Presently, several accelerator proposals for future electron-hadron colliders are under consideration in several laboratories from all over the world. The future accelerators intend to exceed the HERA luminosity by 2-3 orders of magnitude, as well as to cover the different ranges of center-of-mass collision energies. The research capabilities will be extended by including the collisions of electrons with heavy ions, as well as, in some designs, with polarized protons and polarized ions. The future electron-hadron colliders would serve as high-resolution microscopes able to reveal unprecedented details of the structure of nucleons and ions, including their spin content and the state of high gluon density matter. The colliders will provide us with ultimate tools to test both the ways Quantum Chromodynamics works as well as to look for new physics beyond the Standard Model. All proposed electron-hadron colliders are based on the extension of existing accelerators to accommodate the electron-hadron collisions. Advanced accelerator technologies are utilized in order to achieve the desired high luminosity.
	Slides TUYA02 [6.002 MB]

TUYB01	Proton Beam Acceleration with Circular Polarized Laser Pulses	laser, electron, plasma, ion	1045
	X.Q. Yan, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, Y.R. Lu, H. Wang PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China Z.Y. Guo IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	This presentation should describe the use of circular polarized laser pulses for phase-stable acceleration of proton beams. The principles of the technique should be explained, with comparisons and contrasts made with similar techniques. The potential for production of high-intensity, mono-energetic proton beams should be discussed, and the results of analytical, simulation, and experimental studies presented.
	Slides TUYB01 [7.922 MB]

TUYB03	FFAG Experience and Future Prospects	acceleration, focusing, betatron, lattice	1054
	Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	This talk should outline the various FFAG accelerators that have been constructed, and discuss the operational experience with different machines. Common issues should be identified, and contrasting experiences highlighted. A frank assessment of the capability of FFAGs to meet the requirements for applications such as ion therapy, accelerator-driven subcritical reactors, and muon colliders should be followed by a description of the main objectives and challenges for future R&D.
	Slides TUYB03 [14.162 MB]

TUOBA03	H⁻ and Proton Beam Loss Comparison at SNS Superconducting Linac	linac, quadrupole, ion, DTL	1074
	A.P. Shishlo, A.V. Aleksandrov, J. Galambos, M.A. Plum ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA E. Laface ESS, Lund, Sweden V.A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A comparison of beam loss in the superconducting part (SCL) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac for H⁻ and protons is presented. During the experiment the nominal beam of negative hydrogen ions in the SCL was replaced by a proton beam created by insertion of a thin stripping carbon foil placed in the low energy section of the linac. The observed significant reduction in the beam loss for protons is explained by a domination of the intra-beam stripping mechanism of the beam loss for H-. The details of the experiment are discussed, and a preliminary estimation of the cross section of the reaction H⁻ + H⁻ -> H⁻ + H⁰ + e is presented.
	Slides TUOBA03 [0.772 MB]

TUOAB02	Investigation of the Use of Silicon, Diamond and Liquid Helium Detectors for Beam Loss Measurements at 2 Kelvin	cryogenics, radiation, electron, interaction-region	1080
	C. Kurfuerst, B. Dehning, W.T. Eisel, M. Sapinski CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Eremin IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia C. Fabjan HEPHY, Wien, Austria
	At the triplet magnets, close to the interaction regions of the LHC, the current Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system is very sensitive to the debris from the collisions. For future beams with higher energy and higher luminosity this will lead to a situation in which the BLM system can no longer distinguish between these interaction products and quench-provoking beam losses from the primary proton beams. The solution investigated is to locate the detectors as close as possible to the superconducting coil, i.e. the element to be protected. This means putting detectors inside the cold mass of the superconducting magnets at 1.9 K. As possible candidates for such loss monitors, diamond, silicon and a liquid helium chamber have been tested in a proton beam at liquid helium temperatures. The initial promising results from these tests will be presented and discussed in this contribution.
	Slides TUOAB02 [3.412 MB]

TUPPC012	Optics of Extraction Lines at CNAO	dipole, ion, extraction, septum	1179
	E. Bressi, L. Falbo, C. Priano, M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy C. Biscari INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	The CNAO (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy), is the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy with proton and carbon ion beams, treating patients since fall 2011. The beam is delivered to the patient through a high energy transfer line (HEBT). The line is equipped with a horizontal switching dipole that carries the beam in three treatment rooms and a vertical switching dipole that allows a vertical delivery of the beam in the central treatment room. The CNAO HEBT commissioning has been carried out using proton and Carbon beams in the full range of energies: 60 to 250 MeV/u for protons, 120 to 400 MeV/u for Carbon ions. Optimization of the beam lines setup has been carried out for few energies, applying beam magnetic rigidity scaling for the full range in steps of the order of 1 MeV. The scaling has proven to be satisfactory for most elements, and only minor adjustments in the initial part of the line were needed to fulfill tolerances in all the range. Repeatability of magnetic settings is supported by measurements along the lines. Finally the results in terms of beam dimensions, beam transmission and beam position at the patient position are presented.

TUPPC035	Design of a Surface Muon Beam Line for High Field muSR at the PSI Proton Accelerator Facility	simulation, quadrupole, focusing, secondary-beams	1236
	D. Reggiani, K. Deiters, P. Kaufmann, Y. Lee, T. Prokscha, T. Rauber, R. Scheuermann, K. Sedlak, V. Vranković Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
	Starting from 2012, a high field muSR (muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance) facility will come into operation in the piE3 secondary beam line located at the target station E of the PSI proton accelerator. For this purpose, the last part of the beam line has been redesigned in order to integrate two electrostatic spin rotator devices providing a 90° rotation of the muon spin. At the same time, requirements of small beam diameter (σ ≈ 10 mm) as well as small momentum bite (δ_p/p ≈ 1%) in the sample region have to be met. This work focuses on the simulation of the beam optics (28 MeV/c design momentum). Particular concern is given to potential transmission losses caused by the spin rotator devices. The matching of the beam line with the high magnetic field up to 9.5 T surrounding the sample region has been considered as well. An overview of the spin rotator devices, specifically designed for this project, is also presented.

TUPPC036	Integration with the LHC of Electron Interaction Region Optics for a Ring-ring LHeC	quadrupole, dipole, electron, optics	1239
	L.N.S. Thompson Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom N.R. Bernard ETH, Zurich, Switzerland H. Burkhardt, B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Fitterer KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany M. Klein The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom P. Kostka DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. One design uses an electron synchrotron to collide a 60GeV e± beam with the 7TeV proton beam. Designing a new accelerator around the existing LHC machine poses unique challenges, particularly in the interaction region (IR). The electron beam must be quickly separated from the proton beam after the interaction point (IP) to avoid beam-beam effects, while not significantly reducing luminosity or producing large amounts of synchrotron radiation. The proton beam must pass through the electron optics, while the electron beam must avoid the proton optics. The long straight section requires bending in both planes to counteract the IP crossing angle and to displace the beam vertically from the electron machine to the proton IP. An achromatic bending scheme is used in the vertical plane to eliminate dispersion at the IP and provide an optics which is well matched to the LHeC ring lattice. The interaction region and long straight section design is presented and detailed, and the design process and principles discussed.

TUPPC038	Interaction Region Optics for the Non-Interacting LHC Proton Beam at the LHeC	electron, optics, quadrupole, synchrotron	1245
	L.N.S. Thompson Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom O.S. Brüning, B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Klein The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom P. Kostka DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	The Large Hadron Electron Collider project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. Two electron accelerator designs are being studied; a linac and a synchrotron. In the synchrotron option, a 60GeV electron beam is collided with one of the LHC proton beams to provide high luminosity TeV-scale interactions. The interaction region for this scheme is complex and introduces a series of challenges due to the integration of the two machines. One of these is the optics of the second non-interacting proton beam. The second proton beam must not interfere with the LHeC experiment, but simultaneous running of the remaining LHC experiments requires that this beam must still circulate relatively undisturbed. This paper discusses methods to solve these challenges for the electron synchrotron design.

TUPPC039	Synchrotron Radiation Studies for a Ring-Ring LHeC Interaction Region and Long Straight Section	dipole, electron, quadrupole, synchrotron	1248
	L.N.S. Thompson Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom N.R. Bernard ETH, Zurich, Switzerland O.S. Brüning, B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Klein The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom P. Kostka DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany B. Nagorny DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The Large Hadron Electron Collider project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. In the design for an electron synchrotron (alternative designs for a linac are also under development), a 60GeV e± beam is collided with a 7TeV LHC proton beam to produce TeV-scale collisions. Despite being much lower energy than the proton beam, the electron beam is high enough energy to produce significant amounts of synchrotron radiation (SR). This places strong constraints on beam optics and bending. In particular challenges arise with the complex geometry required by the long straight section (LSS) and interaction region (IR). This includes the coupled nature of the proton and electron optics, as SR produced by the electron beam must not be allowed to quench the superconducting proton magnets or create problems with beam-gas backgrounds. Despite this, the electron beam must be deflected significantly within the IR to produce sufficient separation from the proton beam.

TUPPC043	Design of Accumulator and Compressor Rings for the Project-X Based Proton Driver	lattice, linac, optics, synchrotron	1260
	Y. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A Muon Collider (MC) and Neutrino Factory (NF), which may be considered as a step towards MC, both require high-power (~4 MW) proton driver providing short (<1m) bunches for muon production. However, the driver repetition rate required for these two machines is different: ~15 Hz for MC and ~60 Hz for NF. This difference necessitates employing two separate rings: one for accumulation of the proton beam from the Project-X linac in a few (e.g., 4) long bunches, the other for bunch compression - one by one for NF or all at a time for MC with simultaneous delivery to the target. The lattice requirements for these two rings are different: the momentum compaction factor in the accumulator ring should be large (and possibly negative) to avoid the microwave instability, while the compressor ring can be nearly isochronous in order to limit the required RF voltage and reduce the dispersion contribution to the beam size. In the present report we consider ring lattice designs which achieve these goals.

TUPPC049	A Tapered-foil Emittance-exchange Experiment at LANSCE	emittance, simulation, scattering, collimation	1278
	R.C. McCrady LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	We are planning an experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to demonstrate a technique for reducing the transverse emittance of the proton beam by passing the beam through a wedge-shaped energy degrader to produce a non-symplectic correlation between transverse position and energy, then removing this correlation with a bending magnet. This technique was proposed by Peterson* in 1983. We present a specific beamline layout that is expected to mitigate several complications associated with fielding an experiment to demonstrate the technique with a low-emittance proton beam. We present simulated results and expected outcomes of this demonstration. * J. M. Peterson, Proc. of PAC 1983, pP. 2403-2405 (1984).

TUPPC056	Optics Measurements and Corrections at RHIC	optics, quadrupole, luminosity, lattice	1299
	M. Bai, J.N. Aronson, M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA G. Vanbavinckhove CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The further improvement of RHIC luminosity performance requires more precise understanding of the RHIC modeling. Hence, it is necessary to minimize the beta-beat, deviation of measured beta function from the calculated beta functions based on an model. The correction of beta-beat also opens up the possibility of exploring operating RHIC polarized protons at a working point near integer, a preferred choice for both luminosity as well as beam polarization. The segment-by-segment technique for reducing beta-beat demonstrated in the LHC operation for reducing the beta-beat was first tested in RHIC during its polarized proton operation in 2011. It was then fully implemented during the RHIC polarized proton operation in 2012. This paper reports the commissioning results. Future plan is also presented.

TUPPC057	RHIC Spin Flipper Commissioning Results	dipole, resonance, polarization, injection	1302
	M. Bai, W.C. Dawson, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, P. Oddo, C. Pai, P.H. Pile, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The five ac dipole design of RHIC spin flipper in the Blue ring was first commissioned during the RHIC 2012 polarized proton operation. The advantage of this design is to eliminate the vertical coherent betatron oscillations outside the spin flipper. Spin flipping efficiency was measured with both 100 GeV and 250 GeV polarized proton beams. This paper presents the latest commissioning results. M. Bai , T. Roser, C. Dawson, Y. Makdisi, W. Meng, F. Meot, P. Oddo, C. Pai, P. Pile, RHIC Spin Flipper New Design and Commissioning Plan, IPAC10 proceedings, IPAC 2010, Kyoto, Japan, 2010

TUPPC060	Beam Optics and the pp2pp Setup of the STAR Experiment at RHIC	quadrupole, simulation, optics, scattering	1311
	P.H. Pile, W. Guryn, J.H. Lee, S. Tepikian, K. Yip BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The newly installed forward detector system at the STAR experiment at RHIC measures small angle elastic and inelastic scattering of polarized protons on polarized protons. The detector system makes use of a pair of Roman Pot (RP) detectors, instrumented with silicon detectors, and located on either side of the STAR intersection region downstream of the DX and D0 dipoles and quadrupole triplets. The parallel to point optics is designed so that scattering angles are determined from position measurements at the RP's with small error. The RP setup allows measurement of position and angle for a subset of the scattered protons. These measured position/angle correlations at the RP's can be compared with optics model predictions to get a measure of the accuracy of the quadrupole triplet current settings. The current in each quadrupole in the triplets is comprised of sums and differences of up to six power supplies and an overall 1% error in the triplet field strengths results in a 4% error in four-momentum transfer squared. This technique is also useful to check the polarity of the skew elements located in each quadrupole triplet. Results of the analysis will be presented.

TUPPC062	Transfer of Polarized 3He Ions in the AtR Beam Transfer Line	injection, ion, extraction, dipole	1317
	N. Tsoupas, W.W. MacKay, F. Méot, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy In addition to collisions of electrons with various unpolarized ion species as well as polarized protons, the proposed electron-hadron collider (eRHIC) will also facilitate the collisions of electrons with polarized 3He ions. The AGS is the last acceleration stage of ions before injection into one RHIC for final acceleration. The AtR (AGS to RHIC) transfer line will be utilized to transport the polarized 3He ions from AGS into one of the RHIC’s collider rings. In this paper we investigate the extraction energy of the polarized 3He ions from the AGS which will optimize the polarization of 3He ions injected into RHIC. Some of the peculiarities (interleaved horizontal and vertical bends) of the AtR line's layout may degrade this spin matching of the polarized 3He ions. We will also discuss possible simple modifications of the AtR line to accomplish a perfect “spin matching” of the injected 3He beam with that of the stable spin direction at the injection point of the RHIC ring.

TUPPC070	Alternating Spin Aberration Electrostatic Lattice for EDM Ring	lattice, simulation, quadrupole, storage-ring	1332
	Y. Senichev, R. Maier, D. Zyuzin FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. Berz MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The idea of the electric dipole moment search using the storage ring (SrEDM) with polarized beam is realized under condition of the long-time spin coherency of all particles, the time during which the RMS spread of the spin orientation of all particles in the bunch reaches one radian. Following the requirements of the planned EDM experiment, the SCT should be more than 1000 seconds. During this time each particle performs about 10⁹ turns in the storage ring moving on different trajectories through the optics elements. At such conditions the spin-rotation aberrations associated with various types of space and time dependent nonlinearities start to play a crucial role. In this paper we consider a new method based on the alternating spin drift, causing it to rotate alternately, thereby limiting the growth of aberrations at one order of magnitude lower. As a result, using this method we can achieve the SCT of the order of 5000-6000 seconds. The difficulties of these studies are still in the fact that the aberrations growth observed in the scale of a 10⁹ turns. For the study we use an analytical method in composition with a numerical simulation by COSY Infinity.

TUPPC071	Comparison of Different Numerical Modelling Methods for Beam Dynamics in Electrostatic Rings	simulation, lattice, quadrupole, optics	1335
	D. Zyuzin, R. Maier, Y. Senichev FZJ, Jülich, Germany S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia M. Berz MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	To search the electric dipole moment was proposed to use polarized protons at the so-called "magic" momentum of 0.7 GeV/c in an electric storage ring. For studying beam dynamics in electrostatic rings different computational methods can be used. We used differential algebra methods realized in COSY Infinity and integrating program with symplectic Runge-Kutta methods. These methods were observed and compared for orbital and spin motion.

TUPPC103	Ion Bunch Length Effects on the Beam-beam Interaction and its Compensation in a High-luminosity Ring-ring Electron-ion Collider	electron, luminosity, ion, simulation	1401
	C. Montag, W. Fischer, A. Oeftiger BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. One of the luminosity limits in a ring-ring electron-ion collider is the beam-beam effect on the electrons. In the limit of short ion bunches, simulation studies have shown that this limit can be significantly increased by head-on beam-beam compensation with an electron lens. However, with an ion bunch length comparable to the beta-function at the IP in conjunction with a large beam-beam parameter, the electrons perform a sizeable fraction of a betatron oscillation period inside the long ion bunches. We present recent simulation results on the compensation of this beam-beam interaction with multiple electron lenses.

TUPPD001	The Mice Muon Beamline and Host Accelerator Beam Bump	target, controls, extraction, injection	1404
	A.J. Dobbs, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom D.J. Adams STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom E. Overton, P.J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is designed provide a proof of principle of the technique of ionization cooling, that is the reduction of the phase space of a muon beam via ionization energy loss in absorbers. Subsequent reacceleration is then provided by RF cavities (‘‘sustainable cooling''). Ionization cooling represents an important step toward future facilities based on stored muons beams, such as a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The MICE Muon Beam begins with the decay of pions produced by a cylindrical titanium target dipped into the circulating proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. This generates a pion shower which is captured and subsequently decays producing the muon beam. A secondary effect of the MICE target is to cause an increase in the number of protons lost from the ISIS beam. It is important that this effect be minimized. An overview is presented here of the MICE Muon Beam, including the results of a study in to the effect of raising the vertical position of the ISIS beam (a ‘‘beam bump'') in the vicinity of the MICE target.

TUPPD005	Design Concept for Nu-STORM: an Initial “Very Low-Energy Neutrino Factory”	injection, storage-ring, target, factory	1413
	D.V. Neuffer, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, A. Liu, M. Popovic Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Funding: US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 We present a design concept for a Nu-source from a STORage ring for Muons - NuSTORM. In this initial design a high-intensity proton beam produces ~5 GeV pions that provide muons that are captured using “stochastic injection” within a ~3.6 GeV racetrack storage ring. In “stochastic injection”, the ~53 GeV pion beam is transported from the target into the storage ring, dispersion-matched into a long straight section. (Circulating and injection orbits are separated by momentum.) Decays within that straight section provide muons that are within the ~2 GeV/c ring momentum acceptance and are stored for the muon lifetime of ~1000 turns. Muon (and pion) decays in the long straight sections provide neutrino beams that can be used for precision measurements of neutrino interactions, and neutrino oscillations or disappearance at L/E=~1 m/MeV. The facility is described and variations are discussed.

TUPPD006	IDR Neutrino Factory Front End and Variations	target, cavity, factory, solenoid	1416
	D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Alekou Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	The (International Design Report) IDR neutrino factory scenario for capture, bunching, phase-energy rotation and initial cooling of muons produced from a proton source target is presented. It requires a drift section from the target, a bunching section and a phase-energy rotation section leading into the cooling channel. The rf frequency changes along the bunching and rotation transport in order to form the muons into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. This design is being explored within the IDR cost model. Important concerns are rf limitations and beam losses. Recent experiments on rf gradient limits suggest preferred configurations for the rf within the magnetic fields, and these considerations are incorporated into the front end design.

TUPPD037	Simulation Study of the Effect of the Proton Layer Thickness on TNSA	electron, plasma, simulation, laser	1488
	L. Lecz TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The LIGHT project is a collaboration of several laser and accelerator laboratories in Germany with the purpose to consolidate the theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations for the usage of laser accelerated ions in the conventional accelerators. The central facility is the PHELIX laser at GSI, Darmstadt, with a strong-field solenoid as a collimation and transport device. This contribution is devoted to the numerical investigation of the proton acceleration via the TNSA mechanism using 1D and 2D particle-in-cell electro-magnetic simulations. The phase-space distribution of the accelerated protons and co-moving electrons, which is necessary for further transport studies, is investigated for different parameters of the thin hydrogen-rich contamination layer on the rear target surface. Depending on the layer thickness the protons can be accelerated in different regimes, from the quasi-static acceleration for mono-layers up to the isothermal plasma expansion for thick layers.

TUPPD043	Resonant Reaction with a Superintense Circulating Beam	target, electron, resonance, storage-ring	1497
	V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	A system for efficient generation of resonance reaction in the interaction of the circulating ion beam with a thin internal target is considered. Features of this system are high intense space charge compensated circulating ion beam with an intensity greater then a space charge limit in a near integrable nonlinear focusing system. Ionization energy loss is compensated by inductive electric field. Multiple scattering and energy straggling are compensated by electron cooling with a tabular electron beam. In this method it is possible to compensate an energy loss of circulating particles after crossing the target and have a crossing of resonant energy in every passing of target. For sharp resonance reactions and monoenergetic beams a thin target method can increase greatly the energy efficiency.

TUPPD044	Conceptual Gas Jet as a Stripping Target for Charge Exchange Injection	target, injection, ion, laser	1500
	V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Stripping targets for charge exchange injection now uses thin carbon or Al2O3 foils. During long time injection for high intense beam accumulation by low current injection a foil life time can be compromised by overheating and alternative stripping targets need be developed. A pulsed supersonic gas jet was used as a stripping target in first realization of charge exchange injection with H⁻ ion energy 1.5 MeV and stationary gas jets are used as internal targets in experiments with super high vacuum. A stripper target thickness is proportional to the injection energy and for energy 1GeV should be ~0.3 mg/cm² of carbon. The pulsed gas target with such thickness acceptable for long time charge exchange injection can be produced with using of heavy hydrocarbon molecules used in the diffusion or booster vacuum pumps. Formation of the pulsed gas jet stripping targets will be considered.

TUPPD045	Efficient Plasma Generation by Positive Circulating Beams	electron, ion, vacuum, plasma	1503
	V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Performances of high brightness circulating beams are affected by development of strong “electron-proton” (e-p) instabilities connected with generation of an electron cloud (EC). For suppression of the EC generation it is proposed a coating of vacuum chambers by compounds with low secondary electron emission, which is very complex and expensive for large systems like LHC or RHIC. Threshold beam intensity for EC generation can be increased during the vacuum chamber bombarding by plasma particles generating by EC. Vacuum chamber processing (scrubbing) by EC is conducted by bunched beam with a highest possible intensity and with shortest gaps between bunches. Highly efficient plasma generation can be produced in the coasting circulating beam of positive particles with relative low intensity and energy. With the coasting positive beam the plasma particles are generating by low energy electrons trapped by a positive beam space charge. Dynamics of electrons and ions generation will be estimated and simulated. The rate of plasma generation and surface scrubbing can be increase by decrease of pumping and injection of selected gases.

TUPPR053	Conceptual Design of the Linac4 Main Dump	linac, simulation, radiation, booster	1939
	I.V. Leitao, C. Maglioni, A. Sarrió Martínez CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Linac4 is the new CERN linear accelerator intended to replace the aging Linac2 as the injector to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) for increasing the luminosity of the Large Hadrons Collider (LHC). By delivering a 160MeV H⁻ beam, Linac4 will provide the necessary conditions to double the brightness and intensity of the beam extracted from the PSB. This paper describes the conceptual design of the Linac4 Main Dump, where two different concepts relying respectively on water and air cooling were compared and evaluated. Based on the application of analytical models for the energy deposited by the beam, heat conduction and cooling concepts, a parametric study was performed. This approach allowed the identification of the “optimal” configuration for these two conceptual geometries and their relative comparison. Besides giving the theoretical guidelines for the design of the new dump, this work also contributes to the development of analytical tools to allow a better understanding of the influence of the several design parameters in this type of low-energy beam intercepting devices.

TUPPR075	Challenges for the Magnet System of LHeC	electron, quadrupole, linac, dipole	1996
	S. Russenschuck, B.J. Holzer, G. Kirby, A. Milanese, R. Tomás, D. Tommasini, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The main challenges for the normal conducting magnet system are the very compact, low field, and high precision magnets for the ring-ring option and their rapid installation in the crowded LHC tunnel. The superconducting triplet magnets require strong gradients for the protons in close vicinity of a field-free region for the electrons. The field requirements for the ring-ring option allow a number of different magnet designs using the well-proven Nb-Ti superconductor technology and making use of the cable development for the LHC. The separation distance between the electron and proton beams in Q1 requires a half-aperture quadrupole design to limit the overall synchrotron radiation power emitted by the bending of the electron beam. The requirements in terms of aperture and field gradient are more difficult to obtain for the Linac-Ring option. Consequently we present the limitations for the field gradient and septum size achievable with both Nb-Ti and Nb3Sn superconducting technologies.

TUPPR079	Ion Polarization in the MEIC Figure-8 Ion Collider Ring	polarization, ion, resonance, collider	2008
	V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, Y. Zhang JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA P. Chevtsov Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The nuclear physics program envisaged at the Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) currently being developed at the Jefferson Lab calls for collisions of 3-11 GeV/c longitudinally polarized electrons and 20-100 GeV/c, in equivalent proton momentum, longitudinally or transversely polarized light ions. In this paper, we present a scheme based on figure-8 shaped booster and collider rings that provides the required ion polarization arrangement in the MEIC's ion collider ring. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

TUPPR086	Transport from the Recycler Ring to the Antiproton Source Beamlines	kicker, antiproton, booster, extraction	2026
	M. Xiao Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	In the post-Nova era, the protons are directly transported from the Booster ring to the Recycler ring rather than the Main Injector. For Mu2e and g-2 project, the Debuncher ring will be modified into a Delivery ring to deliver the protons to both Mu2e and g-2 experiemnts. Therefore, It requires the transport of protons from the Recycler Ring to the Delivery ring. A new transfer line from the Recycler ring to the P1 beamline will be constructed to transport proton beam from the Recycler Ring to existing Antiproton Source beamlines. This new beamline provides a way to deliver 8 GeV kinetic energy protons from the Booster to the Delivery ring, via the Recycler, using existing beam transport lines, and without the need for new civil construction. This paper presents the Conceptual Design of this new beamline.

TUPPR091	Status of the 160 MeV H⁻ Injection into the CERN PSB	injection, emittance, vacuum, simulation	2041
	W.J.M. Weterings, B. Balhan, E. Benedetto, J. Borburgh, C. Bracco, C. Carli, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, B. Mikulec, A. Newborough, R. Noulibos, J. Tan CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The 160 MeV H⁻ beam from the LINAC4 will be injected into the 4 superimposed rings of the PS Booster (PSB) with an new H⁻ charge-exchange injection system. This entails a massive upgrade of the injection region. The hardware requirements and constraints, the performance specifications and the design of the H⁻ injection region are described.

TUPPR094	SPS Transverse Beam Scraping and LHC Injection Losses	injection, emittance, luminosity, controls	2050
	L.N. Drosdal, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, E. Veyrunes CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Machine protection sets strict requirements for the quality of the injected beam, in particular in the transverse plane. Losses at aperture restrictions and protection elements have to be kept at a minimum. Particles in the beam tails are lost at the tight transfer line collimators and can trigger the LHC beam abort system. These particles have to be removed by scrapers in the vertical and horizontal plane in the SPS. Scraping has become vital for high intensity LHC operation. This paper shows the dependence of injection quality on the SPS scraping and discusses an improved scraper setting up strategy for better reproducibility with the current scraper system.

TUPPR096	Angular Alignment of the LHC Injection Protection Stopper	injection, alignment, kicker, beam-losses	2056
	C. Bracco, R.W. Assmann, W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, V. Kain, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Machine safety depends critically on the correct setup of the protection elements. One of the injection protection collimators is constituted by exceptionally long jaws (4 m). For this element, an angular offset of the jaws could affect significantly the measured beam size and, as a consequence, the correct setup with respect to the beam. Dedicated studies and cross-calibrations have been performed to quantify the effect of tilts and offsets on the setup of this collimator and to check the provided passive protection.

WEXA01	The High Intensity Horizon at Fermilab	collider, kaon, superconducting-RF, linac	2065
	R.S. Tschirhart Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Fermilab’s high intensity horizon is “Project-X” which is a US led initiative with strong international participation that aims to realize a next generation proton source that will dramatically extend the reach of Intensity Frontier research. The Project-X research program includes world leading sensitivity in long-baseline and short-baseline neutrino experiments, a rich program of ultra-rare muon and kaon decays, opportunities for next-generation electric dipole moment experiments and other nuclear/particle physics probes, and a platform to investigate technologies for next generation energy applications. A wide range of R&D activities has been started to support mission critical accelerator subsystems, such as high-gradient superconducting RF accelerating structures, efficient RF power systems, cryo-modules and cryogenic refrigeration plants, advanced beam diagnostics and instrumentation, high-power targetry, as well as the related infrastructure and civil construction preparing for a construction start as early as 2017. The status and prospects of developing the accelerator design, research program, and associated collaborations will be presented. * The Project X program spans several Sub Classifications: A08, A14 A17, A21, A28.
	Slides WEXA01 [9.216 MB]

WEXA02	Development of Electron Coolers in Novosibirsk	electron, ion, gun, acceleration	2068
	V.V. Parkhomchuk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia S. Nagaitsev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	An electron cooling method was proposed by G. Budker aproximately 50 years ago. Since the first demonstrations of strong cooling in 1972, the Novosibirsk Institute of Nuclear Physics has continued to develop this technique for various machines with increasingly higher energy beams. Recent application of the e-cooling method at LEIR appeared as a crucial application for a high luminosity achieved in lead-lead ion beam collisions at LHC. This talk should describe the fundamental mechanism of strong cooling, describe historical progress at the BINP and present recent results achieved at the LHC. New 2MeV cooler for COSY ring under commissioning just now at BINP.
	Slides WEXA02 [7.872 MB]

WEXB02	Diagnostics for High Power Targets and Dumps	target, diagnostics, radiation, vacuum	2096
	E. Gschwendtner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	High power targets and dumps are generally used for neutrino, antiproton, neutron and secondary beam production, or in waste management using intense beams. In order to guarantee an optimized and safe use of these targets and dumps, reliable instrumentation is needed; the diagnostics in high power beams around targets and dumps is reviewed. The suite of beam diagnostic devices used in such extreme environments is discussed, including their role in commissioning and operation. The handling and maintenance of the instrumentation components in high radiation areas will be addressed.
	Slides WEXB02 [13.010 MB]

WEOBA01	Construction Progress of the RHIC Electron Lenses	electron, solenoid, gun, dipole	2125
	W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, M. Anerella, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, W.C. Dawson, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, L.T. Hoff, A.K. Jain, R.F. Lambiase, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marone, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, M. Okamura, A.I. Pikin, S.R. Plate, D. Raparia, Y. Tan, C. Theisen, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, P. Wanderer, S.M. White, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In polarized proton operation, the RHIC performance is limited by the head-on beam-beam effect. To overcome these limitations two electron lenses are under construction. We give an overview of the progress over the last year. Guns, collectors and the warm electron beam transport solenoids with their associated power supplies have been constructed. The superconducting solenoids that guide the electron beam during the interaction with the proton beam are near completion. A test stand has been set up to verify the performance of gun, collector and some of the instrumentation. The RHIC infrastructure is being prepared for installation, and simulations continue to optimize the performance.
	Slides WEOBA01 [7.672 MB]

WEOBA02	Tevatron End-of-Run Beam Physics Experiments	antiproton, emittance, dipole, luminosity	2128
	A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, USA X. Gu, R. Miyamoto, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA F. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC operates Fermilab under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. This work was partially supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). Before the Tevatron collider Run II ended in September of 2011, a two-week period was devoted to the experiments on various aspects of beam-beam interactions. The studied topics included offset collisions, coherent beam stability, effect of the bunch-length-to-beta-function ratio, and operation of AC dipole with colliding beams. In this report we summarize the results of beam experiments and supporting simulations.
	Slides WEOBA02 [1.382 MB]

WEIC02	Future Medical Accelerator	neutron, target, radiation, controls	2152
	K. Yasuoka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.
	Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEIC06	Accelerator R&D: Research for Science - Science for Society	laser, acceleration, hadron, emittance	2161
	N.R. Holtkamp SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA S. Biedron, S.V. Milton CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA L. Boeh, J.E. Clayton, G. Zdasiuk VMS GTC, Palo Alto, California, USA S.A. Gourlay, M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA R.W. Hamm R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA S. Henderson Fermilab, Batavia, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA L. Merminga TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada S. Ozaki BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA F.C. Pilat JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA M. White ANL, Argonne, USA
	In September 2011 the US Senate Appropriations Committee requested a ten-year strategic plan from the Department of Energy (DOE) that would describe how accelerator R&D today could advance applications directly relevant to society. Based on the 2009 workshop "Accelerators for America’s Future" an assessment was made on how accelerator technology developed by the nation’s laboratories and universities could directly translate into a competitive strength for industrial partners and a variety of government agencies in the research, defense and national security sectors. The Office of High Energy Physics, traditionally the steward for advanced accelerator R&D within DOE, commissioned a task force under its auspices to generate and compile ideas on how best to implement strategies that would help fulfill the needs of industry and other agencies, while maintaining focus on its core mission of fundamental science investigation.
	Slides WEIC06 [3.678 MB]

WEPPC008	FNAL Project X Conical Half-Wave Resonator Design	cavity, simulation, cryomodule, resonance	2221
	E.N. Zaplatin FZJ, Jülich, Germany A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the DOE SBIR Program, contract # DE-SC0006302. A high-intensity proton accelerator complex proposed at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Project X) should provide beam for a variety of physics projects. The superconducting resonators of different types will be used as accelerating structures. Here we describe the design of conical Half-Wave Resonator that is considered as an option for a first accelerating cavity for β=v/c=0.11 with the resonance frequency 162.5 MHz. A careful study of the fields in the cavity has been carried out in order to optimize the electromagnetic parameters of the structure (peak fields, quality factor, dissipation power). An intensive investigations were provided of the liquid helium vessel design to minimize cavity frequency shifts from the external loads. Different tuning schemes have been studied to secure a frequency tuning range to cope with fabrication tolerances. The paper reports results of numerical simulations of the cavity shape optimization and structural analyses. The detailed developments of the structure using numerical coupled analyses allowed to minimize the level of expected microphonics in cavity.

WEPPC017	Design of a High-Speed Pulsed 324MHz Solid-State Amplifier for Use in a Beam Chopper	resonance, impedance, insertion, feedback	2242
	S.C. Dillon, B.S. Nobel, C.P. Schach Tomco Technologies, Stepney, South Australia, Australia
	A 324MHz 30kW high-speed pulsed solid-state amplifier has been designed for use in a beam chopper at the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC). This paper discusses the various design challenges and presents the initial performance test results. In particular, the amplifier achieves pulse rise and fall times of less than 15 nanoseconds, is easily upgradeable in power, and withstands 100% power reflection without damage.

WEPPC022	Elliptical SRF Cavity Design for PEFP Extension	cavity, linac, SRF, coupling	2251
	H.S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government. To increase the beam energy up to 1 GeV by extending a PEFP 100-MeV proton linac, a study on the superconducting RF linac is underway. SRF technology is chosen due to its operational flexibility and lower beam loss, as well as its high accelerating performance and low operating cost. Preliminary study on the beam dynamics shows that two types of cavity with geometrical beta of 0.50 and 0.74 can cover the entire energy range from 100 MeV to 1 GeV. Assuming the achievable peak surface electric field to be 30 MV/m and 35 MV/m for medium and high beta cavity, respectively, we designed the six-cell elliptical cavities by optimizing the cavity parameters such as peak field ratio, inter-cell coupling and r/Q through the geometrical parameter sweep. The details of the SRF cavity design for PEFP extension will be presented.

WEPPC029	Design and Development of an Octopus Thermometric System for the 704 MHz Single-cell SPL Cavity at CERN	cavity, LabView, SRF, factory	2266
	K.C. Liao, L. Arnaudon, O. Brunner, E. Ciapala, D.C. Glenat, W. Weingarten CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The octopus thermometric system is designed for the 704 MHz superconducting proton linac (SPL) cavity to detect hot spots and X-rays caused by normal conducting defects and the impact of emission electrons. This system features an octopus body and tentacle structure for good contact with the cavity and easy assembly, a multiplexing circuit with integrated microprocessor for efficient readout and a high density temperature sensor arrangement in order to complete a high resolution temperature and X-ray map. The first prototype is being manufactured and investigations are undergoing for further development.
	Poster WEPPC029 [1.715 MB]

WEPPC045	Optimization of the Geometric Beta for the SSR2 Cavities of the Project X	cavity, linac, cryomodule, factory	2312
	P. Berrutti, M.H. Awida, I.V. Gonin, N. Solyak, A. Vostrikov, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Project X based on the 3 GeV CW superconducting Linac and is currently in the R&D phase. The cw SC Linac starts from a low-energy SCRF section (2.1 - 165 MeV) containing three different types of resonators. HWR f=162.5 MHz (2.1 - 11 MeV) having β= 0.11, SSR1 f= 325 MHz (11 - 35 MeV) having β = 0.21. In this paper we present the analysis that lead to the final design of SSR2 f=325 MHz cavity (35 - 165 MeV). We present the results of optimization of the geometric beta and the comparison between single, double and triple spoke resonators used in Project X frontend.

WEPPC060	A High-power 650 MHz CW Magnetron Transmitter for Intensity Frontier Superconducting Accelerators	controls, LLRF, linac, injection	2351
	G.M. Kazakevich, G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, F. Marhauser, M.L. Neubauer Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA B. Chase, S. Nagaitsev, R.J. Pasquinelli, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA T.A. Treado CPI, Beverley, Massachusetts, USA
	A concept of a 650 MHz CW magnetron transmitter with fast control in phase and power, based on two-stage injection-locked CW magnetrons, has been proposed to drive Superconducting Cavities (SC) for intensity-frontier accelerators. The concept is based on a theoretical model considering a magnetron as a forced oscillator and experimentally verified with a 2.5 MW pulsed magnetron. To fulfill fast control of phase and output power requirements of SC accelerators, both two-stage injection-locked CW magnetrons are combined with a 3-dB hybrid. Fast control in output power is achieved by varying the input phase of one of the magnetrons. For output power up to 250 kW we expect the output/input power ratio to be about 35 to 40 dB in CW or quasi-CW mode with long pulse duration. All magnetrons of the transmitter should be based on commercially available models to decrease the cost of the system. An experimental model using 1 kW, CW, S-band, injection-locked magnetrons with a 3-dB hybrid combiner has been developed and built for study. A description of the model, simulations, and experimental results are presented and discussed in this work.

WEPPD013	Status of the Vacuum System in J-PARC RCS	vacuum, ion, site, electron	2522
	J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, N. Ogiwara, T. Yanagibashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	In the vacuum system of J-PARC Rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), we use beam pipes and bellows whose materials are vacuum fired at 700~850 oC in order to eliminate atoms in their bulk who are origin of outgassing. Until now, beam power has been increased up to 300 kW. Pressure in synchrotron beam line increased when the high power beam was accelerated. However, increment of pressure has reduced during the continuous beam operation. It is because the molecules, which adsorb on surface of the wall of the vacuum chambers, desorb by an ion bombardment and a heat generation due to an eddy current. Because the atoms in the bulk is eliminated, desorption of the molecules, which adsorb on the surface, means the reduction of the outgassing from the wall. In this presentation, we will report the past situation of the vacuum system during the beam operation. In addition, we also show the status after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

WEPPD018	LHC Beam Vacuum During 2011 Machine Operation	vacuum, electron, kicker, injection	2534
	G. Lanza, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, J.M. Jimenez CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the year 2011 the LHC operated for 682 fills, meaning 247 days and 2 hours of stable beam in total. From 368 bunches per beam at 150 ns bunch spacing circulating in the ring in December 2010, the 2011 proton physic ended with 1380 bunches per beam circulating with 50 ns bunch spacing. The machine performances increased in parallel with the vacuum improvement thanks to a well performed scrubbing run in April 2011 and a continuous conditioning of the beam pipes while the machine was running. The 2011 LHC operation ended with one month of ions physic runs. During the machine operation various phenomena of beam - vacuum interaction were detected, analyzed and solved. This paper describes the pressure behavior along the machine layout and mainly in specific components position like TDI and MKI. The “pressure spike” phenomena near the experiment CMS and in some Dipole 1 (D1) regions are discussed. Finally, results obtained during the 25 ns machine developments are presented.

WEPPD027	Global and Local Loss Suppression in the UA9 Crystal Collimation Experiment	collimation, ion, simulation, collider	2561
	W. Scandale LAL, Orsay, France S. Montesano CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	UA9 was operated in the CERN-SPS for some years in view of investigating the feasibility of the halo collimation assisted by bent crystals. Two-millimeter-long silicon crystals, with bending angles of about 150 mirrored, are used as primary collimators. The crystal collimation process is obtained consistently through channeling with high efficiency. The loss profiles in the area of the crystal-collimator setup and in the downstream dispersion suppressor area show a steady reduction of slightly less than one order of magnitude at the onset of the channeling process. This result holds both for protons and for lead-ions. The corresponding loss map in the accelerator ring is accordingly reduced. These observations strongly support our expectation that the coherent deflection of the beam halo by a bent crystal should enhance the collimation efficiency in hadron colliders, such as LHC. for the UA9 Collaboration

WEPPD028	Collimators and Materials for High Intensity Heavy Ion Synchrotrons	ion, heavy-ion, simulation, collimation	2564
	J. Stadlmann, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, I. Strašík, N.A. Tahir, M. Tomut, C. Trautmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany L.H.J. Bozyk TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Funded by EU FP7 WP8 ColMat and Federal Republic of Germany The operation of high power high brightness accelerators requires huge efforts for beam cleaning and machine protection. Within the WP 8 (ColMat)of the EU research framework EuCARD we investigate new materials and methods for beam collimation and machine protection. TWe present an overview of these activities at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerioneforschung in Darmstadt. Simulations of accidental beam losses in LHC and SIS100 have been performed. Scenarios for halo collimation of heavy ions and protons in SIS100 routine operation have been investigated. A prototype of a cryogenic collimator for charge exchange losses during intermediate charge state heavy ion operation in SIS100 has been build and tested with beam. Several candidates of advances composite materials for collimation system upgrades of present and construction of future high power accelerators have been irradiated and their properties are being characterized. Most deliverables and milestones of the R&D programm have already been reached before the end of the funding period. A summary of the obtained results will be presented.

WEPPD030	Concept for the Antiproton Production Target at FAIR	target, antiproton, synchrotron, radiation	2570
	K. Knie, B. Franzke, V. Gostishchev, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Sievers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We will report on the status of the antiproton production target for the FAIR facility. A Ni target will be bombarded by a pulsed beam of 29 GeV protons with an intensity of 2.5·10¹³ ppp and a repetition rate of 0.2 Hz. Directly after the target the antiprotons will be focussed by a magnetic horn. In the proceeding magnetic separator antiprotons with an energy of 3 GeV (± 3%) will be selected and transported to the antiproton collector ring. The planned setup of the target area, including radiation protection issues, will be presented,

WEPPD033	Design of 100 MeV Proton Beam Irradiation Facility for the PEFP 100 MeV Linac	target, radiation, linac, octupole	2579
	S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government. The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will install a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at Gyeong-ju site. Two target rooms ( TR 103, TR 23) will be prepared in the beam commissioning stage for 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams, respectively. To design the irradiation equipment in TR 103, we have investigated general propagation shape and spatial distribution of proton beam by using Monte carlo method, when 100 MeV proton beam extracted from vacuum in the beam lines through beam window. On the basis of this result, we have designed beam irradiation components and their configuration. The beam irradiation facility consists of beam dump, support frame, sample support and beam current monitor. To minimize residual radioactivity induced by incident proton beam, the graphite was selected as the material of beam dump and the aluminum alloy was selected as material of other irradiation equipment. These residual radioactivity of equipment were estimated by Monte carlo method. In this paper, the details of this irradiation equipment design are presented.

WEPPD038	Mercury Handling for the Target System for a Muon Collider	target, shielding, collider, factory	2594
	V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO.~DE-AC02-98CHI10886 and DE-AC05-00OR22725. The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free-stream mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Design issues discussed in this paper include the nozzle, splash mitigation in the mercury pool, the mercury containment vessel, and the mercury recirculation system.

WEPPD051	Timing System for the PEFP 100-MeV Proton LINAC and Multipurpose Beamlines	linac, EPICS, diagnostics, controls	2633
	Y.-G. Song, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the 21C frontier R&D program in the ministry of science and technology of the Korean government. The PEFP 100-MeV Linac requires precision synchronization of timing trigger signals for various accelerator and diagnostic components. A timing event system is selected as the main timing system, which is operated based on an event distribution system and can be constructed with COTS hardware. This system broadcasts the precise timing information globally. This paper describes the architecture, construction and performance of the PEFP timing event system.

WEPPD059	Proton Acceleration by a Relativistic Laser Frequency-Chirp Driven Plasma Snowplow	laser, plasma, electron, acceleration	2654
	A. A. Sahai, T.C. Katsouleas Duke ECE, Durham, North Carolina, USA R. Bingham STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom W.B. Mori, A. Tableman, F.S. Tsung, M. Tzoufras UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
	Funding: NSF-PHY-0936278, NSF-PHY-0904039 and NSFPHY-0936266, US DOE DE-FC02-07ER41500 and DE-FG02-92ER40727, DOE Fusion Science Center through a University of Rochester Subcontract No. 415025-G. We analyze the use of a relativistic laser pulse with a controlled frequency chirp incident on a rising plasma density gradient to drive an acceleration structure for proton and light ion acceleration. The Chirp Induced Transparency Acceleration (ChITA) scheme is described with an analytical model of the velocity of the snowplow at critical density on a pre-formed rising plasma density gradient that is driven by positive chirp in the frequency of a relativistic laser pulse. The velocity of the ChITA-snowplow is shown to depend upon rate of rise of the frequency of the relativistic laser pulse, the normalized magnetic vector potential of the laser pulse and the plasma density gradient scale-length. We observe using 1-D OSIRIS simulations the formation and forward propagation of ChITA-snowplow, being continuously pushed by the chirping laser at a velocity in accordance with the analytical results. The trace protons reflect off of this propagating snowplow structure and accelerate monoenergetically. The control over ChITA-snowplow velocity allows the tuning of accelerated proton energies.

WEPPD071	The FLUKA LineBuilder and Element DataBase: Tools for Building Complex Models of Accelerator Beam Lines	optics, simulation, injection, insertion	2687
	A. Mereghetti UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom V. Boccone, F. Cerutti, R. Versaci, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Extended FLUKA models of accelerator beam lines can be extremely complex: heavy to manipulate, poorly versatile and prone to mismatched positioning. We developed a framework capable of creating the FLUKA model of an arbitrary portion of a given accelerator, starting from the optics configuration and a few other information provided by the user. The framework includes a builder (LineBuilder), an element database and a series of configuration and analysis scripts. The LineBuilder is a Python program aimed at dynamically assembling complex FLUKA models of accelerator beam lines: positions, magnetic fields and scorings are automatically set up, and geometry details such as apertures of collimators, tilting and misalignment of elements, beam pipes and tunnel geometries can be entered at user's will. The element database (FEDB) is a collection of detailed FLUKA geometry models of machine elements. This framework has been widely used for recent LHC and SPS beam-machine interaction studies at CERN, and led to a drastic reduction in the time otherwise required to rework old machine models, and to a coherent and traceable description of the inputs used for all the simulations.

WEPPD081	Optimization of AC Dipole Parameters for the Mu2e Extinction System	dipole, emittance, magnet-design, electron	2714
	E. Prebys Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	The Mu2e experiment is being planned at Fermilab to measure the rate for muons to convert to electrons in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented precision. This experiment uses an 8 GeV primary proton beam consisting of short (~200 nsec FW) bunches, separated by 1.7 μs. It is vital that out-of-bunch beam be suppressed at the level of 10^-10 or less. This poster describes the parametric analysis which was done to determine the optimum harmonics and magnet specifications for this system, as well as the implications for the beam line optics.

WEPPP011	Multi-Cavity Proton Cyclotron Accelerator: An Electron Counterpart	cavity, electron, cyclotron, acceleration	2744
	M.A. LaPointe, S.V. Shchelkunov Yale University, Beam Physics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, USA J.L. Hirshfield Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, USA V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics. A multi-cavity multi-frequency proton cyclotron accelerator has been proposed. It would utilize cyclotron resonance in each of eight cavities of uniformly diminishing frequency in a uniform magnetic field to comprise a compact (25 m) 1 GeV proton accelerator, according to simulation results. A four cavity electron counterpart is under construction to test the mechanism of the multi-cavity setup, including phase acceptance, energy gain, and growth of energy spread and emittance for parameters equivalent to the proton case. The four electron counterpart cavities are driven by kW-level phase coherent RF sources at 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 GHz. Each cavity operates in the rotating TE111 mode and includes two feeds in quadrature to drive the rotating mode and two RF pickoffs for diagnostics. The electron beam source is a low-current gun with a BaO cathode which operates at -1200V and <50 microamps. After traversing the cavities, the beam is collected on either a Faraday cup or is imaged with a phosphor screen. Details of the setup and initial results from experiments with the four cavity electron counterpart will be presented. M.A. LaPointe, V.P. Yakovlev, S.Yu. Kazakov, and J.L. Hirshfield, Proc. of PAC 2009, May 4-8,Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp.3045-3047 (2011).

WEPPP016	De-neutralization of Laser Produced Proton Pulse in a Strong Solenoidal Magnetic Field	electron, simulation, focusing, laser	2755
	M. Droba, O.K. Kester, O. Meusel, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Laser generated proton pulses of ten to several ten MeV produced in PHELIX-laser facility at GSI Darmstadt poses some unique characteristics. The first systematic exploration of the interface between proton pulse generation via the TNSA mechanism and conventional accelerator technology is within the scope of the LIGHT (Laser Ion Generation, Handling and Transport) project. One of the main tasks is to study the beam dynamics in intense B-fields, especially in context of early de-neutralization and space charge effects. The 3D numerical simulations with co-moving electrons and up to 10⁷ macroparticles were performed to investigate the de-neutralization process in the focusing magnetic solenoid. Importance of the first focusing element and influence on beam parameters will be addressed. Results of the 3D simulation model will be presented and discussed.

WEPPP031	To the Possibility of Bound States between Two Electrons	electron, emittance, damping, positron	2792
	A.A. Mikhailichenko CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
	We analyze the possibility to compress dynamically the polarized electron bunch so that the distance between some electrons in the bunch comes close to the Compton wavelength, arranging a bound state, as the attraction by the magnetic momentum-induced force at this distance dominates repulsion by the electrostatic force for the appropriately prepared orientation of the magnetic moments of the electron-electron pair. This electron pair behaves like a boson now, so the restriction for the minimal emittance of the beam becomes eliminated. Some properties of such degenerated electron gas represented also.

WEPPP037	Experimental Study of Self Modulation Instability of ATF Electron Beam	plasma, electron, simulation, wakefield	2807
	Y. Fang USC, Los Angeles, California, USA M. Babzien, M.G. Fedurin, K. Kusche, R. Malone, V. Yakimenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA W.B. Mori UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany L.O. Silva, J. Vieira Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
	Funding: US. Department of Energy. We demonstrate experimentally for the first time the self-modulation of a relativistic electron bunch in a plasma. This demonstration serves as a proof-of-principle test for the mechanisms of transverse self-modulation of particle bunches in plasmas. It indicates the possibility of using long electron or proton bunches as drivers for plasma based accelerators. The long (~5ps) bunch available at BNL-ATF is used in this experiment and in the particle-in-cell OSIRIS. We use the 2D version for cylindrically symmetric geometries. The energy of the beam particles is measured after the plasma exit in the experiment. The obvious energy gain and loss by electrons indicates the excitation of longitudinal wakefields, and hence of transverse focusing fields. Both simulations and experiments show that the electron beamlets are formed at the scale of the plasma wavelength, and the number of beamlets changes as the plasma density is varied. We also measured the variation in beam transverse size downstream from the plasma as well as the variations in coherent transition radiation energy to demonstrate the effect of transverse self–modulation.

WEPPP078	Status of the Mixed-signal Active Feedback Damper System for Controlling Electron-proton Instabilities for the Spallation Neutron Source	feedback, pick-up, damping, kicker	2894
	Z.P. Xie, M.J. Schulte UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA C. Deibele ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy As the beam intensity at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is leveled up, it becomes necessary to have greater control over the electron-proton (e-p) instability. This paper presents an updated design of a mixed-signal transverse feedback system for active damping of the e-p instability. It describes the design, features and results of this feedback damper and reviews several experimental studies to understand the system performance and its limitations. The updated mixed-signal feedback damper system employs power amplifiers (PAs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), multiple field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips, and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to provide feedback damping and system monitoring. Unlike existing analog damping systems, FPGA-based feedback damping systems offer programmability while maintaining high performance. The system gain, delay and digital signal processing components can be programmed during the fly to perform timing adjustments, correct for ring harmonics, and equalize magnitude and phase dispersions.

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MOXBP01

The First Two Years of LHC Operation

luminosity, ion, emittance, dipole

1

S. Myers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The operational performance of the LHC machine both for proton and lead ion operation are reviewed for the period 2010 and up the present. The beam parameter path allowing the very high rate of collider performance is presented and discussed. The accelerator issues encountered and those somewhat surprisingly not encountered are also discussed. The short and longer term plans for the LHC are also briefly presented.

Slides MOXBP01 [17.468 MB]

MOYAP01

Accelerator Driven Systems

neutron, linac, target, superconducting-RF

6

D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium

Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.

Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01

Thorium Energy Futures

neutron, target, cyclotron, linac

29

S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth
Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA
R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
S. Henderson
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Hutton
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Kelly
Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway
M. Lindroos
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.M. McIntyre
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
A. Norlin
IThEO, Sweden
H.L. Owen
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.T. Parks
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.

Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOOAB01

A Proton-driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator Experiment with CERN SPS Bunches

plasma, wakefield, electron, acceleration

40

P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany

Funding: Presented for the PDPWFA collaboration.
Existing relativistic proton (p⁺) bunches carry large amounts of energy (kJ) and are therefore attractive as drivers for plasma-based particle accelerators, such as the plasma wakefield accelerator or PWFA. However, short (~ps) p⁺ bunches capable of driving large amplitude (~GV/m) wakefields are not available today. It was recently proposed to use long (~300ps) p⁺ bunches self-modulated at the plasma wavelength by a transverse two-stream instability in a high-density (~10¹⁴-10¹⁵/cc) plasma to resonantly drive wakefields*. Based on this idea and on the long term prospect for short p⁺ bunches a p⁺-driven PWFA experimental program was proposed to study the acceleration of electrons to the TeV energy range. Initial experiments will use the 450GeV, 1-3·10¹¹ p⁺ bunches from the CERN SPS and plasmas 5-10m in length. The wakefields will be sampled by an externally injected, low energy (10-20MeV) electron bunch that will gain energy in the GeV range. The experimental plan, as well as the expected results will be presented.
*N. Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 255003 (2010).

Slides MOOAB01 [19.595 MB]

MOEPPB003

Status of the PRISM FFAG Design for the Next Generation Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment

solenoid, target, injection, lattice

79

J. Pasternak, A. Alekou, M. Aslaninejad, R. Chudzinski, L.J. Jenner, A. Kurup, Y. Shi, Y. Uchida
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R. Appleby, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock, B.D. Muratori
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
Y. Kuno, A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
M. Lancaster
UCL, London, United Kingdom
C. Ohmori
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Planche
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
S.L. Smith
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
T. Yokoi
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The PRISM Task Force continues to study high intensity and high quality muon beams needed for next generation lepton flavor violation experiments. In the PRISM case such beams have been proposed to be produced by sending a short proton pulse to a pion production target, capturing the pions and performing RF phase rotation on the resulting muon beam in an FFAG ring. This paper summarizes the current status of the PRISM design obtained by the Task Force. In particular various designs for the PRISM FFAG ring are discussed and their performance compared to the baseline one, the injection/extraction systems and matching to the solenoid channels upstream and downstream of the FFAG ring are presented. The feasibility of the construction of the PRISM system is discussed.

MOEPPB006

Formation of Beams in the Ion Accelerator Complex of the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider Facility at JLab

ion, booster, acceleration, collider

88

S.L. Manikonda, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA
B. Erdelyi
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
At the interaction point of the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC) facility the luminosity of 10³³cm^-2s^-1 will be achieved through the collision of counter rotating beams of 0.5A ions and 3A electrons at 750MHz frequency. Formation of ion beams at MEIC is carried out in the Ion Accelerator Complex (IAC) comprising of a linac, pre-booster ring, booster ring, and a collider ring. We will describe the scheme proposed for the formation of ion beams at MEIC facility from the point of view of longitudinal beam dynamics. The proposed scheme minimizes losses due to space charge effects at low energies and needs moderate RF requirements already achieved at other existing facilities. Simulation studies have been conducted to verify the proposed scheme. We will present the results of these simulation studies.

MOEPPB007

Studies of eRHIC Coherent Instabilities

simulation, impedance, betatron, space-charge

91

G. Wang, M. Blaskiewicz
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In the presence of an effective coherent electron cooling, the rms ion bunch length in eRHIC will be kept at 8.4cm, which is about a factor of 3 shorter than the current RHIC rms bunch length. Together with a factor of 2 increase in bunch intensity, coherent instabilities could be a potential limitation for achieving desired machine performance. In this study, we use the tracking code TRANFT to find thresholds and growth rates for various single bunch and coupled bunch instabilities with linear chromaticity and amplitude dependent tune shift taken into account. Based on the simulation results, requirements of machine parameters such as rf voltage, linear chromaticity, and octupole strength are specified to avoid these instabilities.

MOPPC004

Experiments on the Margin of Beam Induced Quenches for LHC Superconducting Quadrupole Magnet in the LHC

injection, quadrupole, kicker, monitoring

124

C. Bracco, W. Bartmann, M. Bednarek, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A. Nordt, M. Sapinski, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, M. Zerlauth, E.N. del Busto
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Protection of LHC equipment relies on a complex system of collimators to capture injected or circulating beam in case of LHC injection kicker magnet failures. However, for specific failures of the injection kicker, the beam can graze the injection protection collimators and induce quenches of downstream superconducting magnets. This occurred twice during 2011 operation and can also not be excluded during further operation. Tests were performed during Machine Development periods of the LHC to assess the quench margin of the quadrupole located just downstream of the last injection protection collimator in point 8. In addition to the existing Quench Protection System, a special monitoring instrumentation was installed at this magnet to detect any resistance increase below the quench limit. The correlation between the magnet and Beam Loss Monitor signals was analysed for different beam intensities and magnet current. The results of the experiments are presented in this paper.

MOPPC006

90m Optics Studies and Operation in the LHC

optics, injection, quadrupole, target

130

H. Burkhardt, G.J. Müller, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Cavalier
LAL, Orsay, France

A high β^* = 90 m optics was commissioned and used for first very forward physics operation in the LHC in 2011. The experience gained from working with this optics in 5 studies and operation periods in 2011 was very positive. The target β^* = 90 m was reached by a de-squeeze from the standard 11 m injection and ramp optics on the first attempt and collisions and first physics results obtained in the second study. The optics was measured and corrected with good precision. The running conditions were very clean and allowed for measurements with roman pots very close to the beam.

MOPPC008

LHC Optics Determination with Proton Tracks Measured in the Roman Pots Detectors of the TOTEM Experiment

optics, scattering, lattice, coupling

136

H. Niewiadomski, H. Burkhardt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F.J. Nemes
KFKI, Budapest, Hungary

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC is equipped with near beam movable devices – called Roman Pots (RP) – which detect protons scattered at the interaction point (IP) arrived to the detectors through the magnet lattice of the LHC. Proton kinematics at IP is reconstructed from positions and angles measured by the RP detectors, on the basis of the optical functions between IP and the RP locations. The precision of optics determination is therefore of the key importance for the experiment. TOTEM developed a novel method of machine optics determination making use of angle-position distributions of elastically scattered protons observed in the RP detectors. The method has been successfully applied to the data samples registered in 2010 and 2011. The studies have shown that the transport matrix could be estimated with a precision better than 1%.

MOPPC017

Causes and Solutions for Emittance Blow-Up During the LHC Cycle

emittance, injection, luminosity, feedback

160

M. Kuhn
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
G. Arduini, B.J. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, F. Roncarolo, M. Schaumann, R. Versteegen, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Emittance measurements during the run 2011 indicated a blow-up of 20 % to 30 % from LHC injection to collisions. At the LHC design stage the total allowed emittance increase through the cycle was set to 7 %. One of the goals of the 2012 LHC run is therefore to understand and counteract the blow-up. Emittance growth measurements through the LHC cycle along with correlations with possible sources are presented in this paper. Solutions are proposed where possible. The emittance determination accuracy relies on the knowledge of the beam optics and on the present performance of the transverse profile monitors. Possible improvements of the diagnostics and of the related data analysis are also discussed.

MOPPC018

Single/Few Bunch Space Charge Effects at 8 GeV in the Fermilab Main Injector

space-charge, background, factory, simulation

163

D.J. Scott, D. Capista, I. Kourbanis, K. Seiya, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

For Project X, it is planned to inject a beam of 3 10¹¹ particles per bunch into the Main Injector. Therefore, at 8 GeV, there will be increased space charge tune shifts and an increased incoherent tune spread. In preparation for these higher intensity bunches exploratory studies have commenced looking at the transmission of different intensity bunches at different tunes. An experiment is described with results for bunch intensities between 20 and 172 10⁹ particles. To achieve the highest intensity bunches coalescing at 8 GeV is required, resulting in a longer bunch length. Comparisons show that similar transmission curves are obtained when the intensity and bunch length have increased by factors of 3.2 and 3.4 respectively, indicating the incoherent tune shifts are similar, as expected from theory. The results of these experiments will be used in conjugation with simulations to further study high intensity bunches in the Main Injector.

MOPPC021

Explore the Possibility of Accelerating Polarized He-3 Beam in RHIC

resonance, betatron, closed-orbit, neutron

172

M. Bai, E.D. Courant, W. Fischer, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
As the world’s first high energy polarized proton collider, RHIC has made significant progress in measuring the proton spin structure in the past decade. In order to have better understanding of the contribution of up and down quarks to the proton spin structure, collisions of high energy polarized neutron beams are required. In this paper, we present studies of accelerating polarized Helium-3 in RHIC with the current dual snake configuration. The possibilities of adding two more pairs of snakes for accelerating polarized He-3 were explored. Results of a six snake configuration in RHIC are also reported in the paper.

MOPPC023

Polarization Transmission at RHIC, Numerical Simulations

polarization, resonance, simulation, optics

178

F. Méot, M. Bai, C. Liu, M.G. Minty, V.H. Ranjbar
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Ray-tracing methods, using the computer code Zgoubi, have proven efficient for beam and spin dynamics simulations in RHIC (see earlier PAC and IPAC publications). More simulations and results are being produced, including spin code benchmarking and cross-checking, effects of strongest resonances and working point on transport of polarization, polarization with Run 9 and Run 11 measured ramp orbit and optics, polarization profiles, etc. The numerical methods involved are recalled, a status of the work is given.

MOPPC025

RHIC Polarized Proton Operation in Run 12

polarization, luminosity, emittance, acceleration

184

V. Schoefer, L. A. Ahrens, A. Anders, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, A. Dion, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, A. Kirleis, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Successful RHIC operation with polarized protons requires meeting demanding and sometimes competing goals for maximizing both luminosity and beam polarization. In Run 12 we sought to fully integrate into operation the many systems that were newly commissioned in Run 11 as well as to enhance collider performance with incremental improvements throughout the acceleration cycle. For luminosity maximization special attention was paid to several possible source of emittance dilution along the injector chain, in particular to optical matching during transfer between accelerators. Possible sources of depolarization in the AGS and RHIC were also investigated including the effects of local coupling and low frequency (10 Hz) oscillations in the vertical equilibrium orbit during the RHIC ramp. The results of a fine storage energy scan made in an effort to improve store polarization lifetime are also reported in this note.

MOPPC026

Simulations of Coherent Beam-Beam Effects with Head-on Compensation

electron, resonance, simulation, lattice

187

S.M. White, W. Fischer, Y. Luo
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work partially supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LARP, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Electron lenses are foreseen to be installed in RHIC in order to mitigate the head-on beam-beam effects. This would allow operation with higher bunch intensity and result in a significant increase in luminosity. We report on recent strong-strong simulations that were carried out using the RHIC upgrade parameters to assess the impact of coherent beam-beam effects in the presence of head-on compensation.

MOPPC029

Off-momentum Beat-beat Correction in the RHIC Proton Run

sextupole, quadrupole, simulation, lattice

196

Y. Luo, M. Bai, W. Fischer, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In this article we will present the measurement and correction of the off-momentum β^*-beat in the RHIC proton run. The beta-beat will be measured with the AC dipole and by shifting RF frequency. We will focus on the correction of the off-momentum beta-beat at the interaction points IP6 and IP8 with the arc chromatic sextupole families. The effects of the off-momentum beta-beat correction on the global chromaticities and dynamic aperture will be estimated through beam experiments and the numerical simulation.

MOPPC036

Influence of Intense Beam in High Pressure Hydrogen Gas Filled RF Cavities

cavity, electron, plasma, pick-up

208

K. Yonehara, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M. Chung
Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
M.G. Collura
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, M. Notani
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
B.T. Freemire, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
Breakdown plasma in a high-pressure hydrogen gas filled RF cavity has been studied from a time domain spectroscopic light analysis. The observed breakdown plasma temperature and density reached 21,000 K and 10²⁰ cm^-3, respectively. The electron recombination rate has been evaluated from the decay of plasma density in various gas pressures. The recombination mechanism in dense plasma will be discussed. Finally, the similarity and difference of the breakdown processes between the high-pressure hydrogen gas filled RF cavity and a vacuum RF one will be discussed.

MOPPC040

Study of Electronegative Gas Effect in Beam-Induced Plasma

cavity, plasma, electron, ion

220

M.A. Leonova, M.R. Jana, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M. Chung
Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
M.G. Collura
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Funding: This research was supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories call for R&D for a high-gradient RF system capable of operating in a high magnetic field. Adding a high pressure gas inside an RF cavity (HPRF) prevents cavity breakdown, allowing higher gradients in a magnetic field. A high-energy beam passing through an HPRF cavity ionizes the gas, producing plasma. Plasma electrons absorb cavity’s energy, reducing the energy available for beam acceleration. Doping cavity gas with electronegative gas (gas that tends to attract and bond electrons) reduces the number of plasma electrons. The experiments were carried out at the MuCool Test Area (MTA) facility at Fermilab. Different concentrations of an electronegative gas SF6 were added to hydrogen gas. The results of room-temperature tests showing a great reduction in power drop in the cavity will be presented. However, a realistic cavity would operate at liquid nitrogen temperature, where SF6 freezes. Thus, a search for a better electronegative gas candidate is underway; we plan to test oxygen-doping next.

MOPPC041

Control of Beam Losses in the Front End for the Neutrino Factory

target, factory, solenoid, collider

223

C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

The Neutrino Factory produces neutrinos by muon decay in a storage ring. Pions are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target. Pions decay to muons, which are captured and accelerated to high energy. The target produces additionally a large background that is deposited in the muon capture front end and subsequent components. The implications of energy deposition in the front end lattice for the Neutrino Factory are addressed. Several approaches to mitigating the effect are proposed and discussed, including proton absorbers, chicane, and shielding.

MOPPC044

Gallium as a Possible Target Material for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory

target, factory, collider, interaction-region

232

X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Awards No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL) and No. DF-FG02-92ER40695 (UCLA)
We consider the potential for a free-gallium-jet as an option for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Advantages of such a target choice are its liquid state at relatively low temperature, its relatively efficient meson production, and its lower activation (compared to mercury). Using the MARS15 code, we have simulated particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16~GeV. For each proton beam energy, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the liquid jet, the incoming proton beam angle, and the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam. We compare the quantity of generated muons using a Ga target to that from a mercury jet target.

MOPPC050

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory

factory, lattice, target, acceleration

244

K.R. Long, J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

A neutrino factory is a facility for producing a large neutrino flux from the decay of high energy muons. The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) aims to produce a reference design report for such a facility. The report will contain the physics motivation for the facility, describe the accelerator and detector, and estimate the cost for the facility. We will briefly discuss the physics capabilities for a neutrino factory, including how recent neutrino physics results affect our understanding of a neutrino factory's performance and advantages. We will give an overview of our baseline design for the accelerator facility. We will then outline the most significant areas of progress in our studies of the accelerator subsystems.
Paper submitted on behalf of the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory collaboration.

MOPPD007

Towards Routine Operation of the Scintillation Profile Monitor at COSY

electron, vacuum, injection, synchrotron

382

V. Kamerdzhiev, J. Dietrich, K. Reimers
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
C. Böhme
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Pernizki
INP, Jülich, Germany

The optics of the Scintillation Profile Monitor (SPM) was modified to correct the large error observed in previous measurements. Beam profile measurements were carried out after reinstallation in the COSY ring, showing reasonable agreement with profiles, measured with the ionization profile monitor. Performance of the SPM is analyzed. Application of the method in a proton synchrotron is discussed.

MOPPD018

A FFAG Design Study for an Accelerator-driven System

synchrotron, resonance, acceleration, focusing

403

T.-Y. Lee, H.-S. Kang, H.-S. Lee
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Design of a 1 GeV FFAG accelerator is studied for the accelerator-driven sub-critical nuclear reactor system. Scaling and non-scaling lattices are studied and compared with each other. Corresponding magnet design and RF system are considered.

MOPPD019

Vertical Orbit Excursion FFAG Accelerators with Edge Focussing

injection, lattice, neutron, dynamic-aperture

406

S.J. Brooks
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for the magnets in fixed-field machines. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. The end fields of such magnets with edge angles provide an alternating gradient without the need for reverse bends, thus reducing the machine circumference. Similarly to spiral scaling horizontal FFAGs (but unlike non-scaling versions), the machine has fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range. Rings capable of boosting the 150mm.mrad geometric emittance beam from the ISIS proton synchrotron to 3, 5 and 12GeV using superconducting magnets are presented, the latter corresponding to 2.5MW beam power.

MOPPD020

A Model for a High-Power Scaling FFAG Ring

injection, dynamic-aperture, lattice, extraction

409

G.H. Rees, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, S.L. Sheehy
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

High-power FFAG rings are under study to serve as drivers for neutron spallation, muon production, and accelerator-driven reactor systems. In this paper, which follows on from earlier work*, a 20 - 70 MeV model for a high-power FFAG driver is described. This model would serve as a test bed to study topics such as space charge and injection in such rings. The design incorporates a long straight to facilitate H^- charge exchange injection. The dynamic aperture is calculated in order to optimize the working point in tune space. The injection scheme is also described. A separate design for an ISIS injector, featuring a novel modification to the scaling law, was also studied.
*G.H. Rees and D.J. Kelliher, “New, high power, scaling, FFAG driver ring designs” HB2010, Morschach, September 2010, MOPD07, p. 54, http://www. JACoW.org

MOPPD021

An Experimental Investigation of Slow Integer Tune Crossing in the EMMA Non-scaling FFAG

acceleration, resonance, simulation, closed-orbit

412

J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
B.D. Muratori
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Student STFC grant number: ST/G004277/1.
Results are presented from a slow integer tune crossing experiment performed in the EMMA accelerator. Under nominal conditions EMMA accelerates an electron beam from 10–20 MeV rapidly in 5–10 turns in a novel “serpentine” channel causing several transverse integer tunes to be crossed. During this rapid acceleration it has been shown that the betatron amplitude of the beam does not grow. If the potential of non-scaling FFAGs were to be realized in such fields as high-current proton acceleration then tune space would be crossed slower with acceleration in an RF bucket. The crossing speed in a non-scaling FFAG is in a previously unstudied intermediate region and hence conventional crossing theory may not apply. It was proposed to observe the effects on betatron amplitude when a beam crosses integer tunes by the variation of tune with momentum over a range of crossing speeds derived from different acceleration rates. This method can be realized by synchrotron acceleration inside a stable RF bucket. Betatron amplitude growth and beam loss as a function of turn are explored when crossing an integer tune and a relationship between crossing speed and these quantities is established.

MOPPD024

C70 Arronax in the Hands-On Phase

target, cyclotron, simulation, injection

418

F. Poirier, S. Auduc, L. Lamouric
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
S. Girault, F. Gomez, E. Mace
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France

The C70 Arronax, is a high-intensity (2x375 μA) and high-energy (70 MeV) multiparticle cyclotron that started its hands-on phase in December 2010. The operating and maintenance group is accumulating experience on this machine. A review of the machine status and present possibilities in terms of beam capacities is thus presented in this paper. The status of the beamline simulations is also given.

MOPPD026

A Superconducting Ring Cyclotron for the DAEδALUS Experiment

cyclotron, extraction, injection, focusing

421

L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Calanna, D. Campo
CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
F. Méot
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud.
The experiment DAEδALUS*, proposed by MIT scientist to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, needs three accelerator with energy of about 800 MeV, average power of some MW and duty cycle of 20%. To reduce the cost of the accelerators a cyclotron complex consisting of an injector** and of a booster ring cyclotron has been proposed***. The booster Superconducting Ring Cyclotron is able to accelerate a H²⁺ molecule beam up to 800 MeV/n with a peak current of 10 mA and average power higher than 1.6 MW. To simplify the design of the superconducting magnetic coils, to minimize the radial force shift and to increase the room to host the RF cavities, the previous study has been updated increasing the injection energy of the H²⁺ and also the injection energy. The updated study on the magnetic sector configuration, on the superconducting coils and the magnetic forces are presented. The isochronous magnetic field, the beam dynamics along the injection and extraction path and during the acceleration are presented, too.
* J. Alonso et al., Jun2010 e-Print: arXiv:1006.0260
** L. Calabretta, Proc. IPAC 2011, WEPS073 (2011).
*** L. Calabretta, Cyclotrons 2010, Lanzhou.

MOPPD033

Strong-focusing Cyclotron - High-current Applications

cyclotron, dipole, focusing, cavity

436

P.M. McIntyre, S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, C. Collins, J. Comeaux, R. Garrison, J.N. Kellams, T.L. Mann, A.D. McInturff, N. Pogue, A. Sattarov
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: This work is supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and from the Mitchell Family Foundation.
Quadrupole focusing channels are integrated into the pole faces of a superconducting sector cyclotron, to enable control of the betatron tunes for all orbits. This provision makes it possible to lock the tunes to desired values for all orbits, thereby eliminating resonance crossing and facilitating local orbit bumps for injection and extraction. Optical control is of particular importance for applications where higher beam current is desired, for ADS fission drivers, for spallation neutron sources, and for medical isotope production.

MOPPD036

Gabor Lens Focusing for Medical Applications

ion, laser, space-charge, focusing

442

J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The widespread introduction of Hadron therapy for cancer treatment is inhibited by the large costs for the accelerator and treatment facility and the subsequent maintenance costs which reflects into the cost per treatment. In the long term future (laser) plasma wakefield accelerated hadrons could offer compact treatment devices with significantly reduced treatment costs. In the moment the particle distributions produced by such accelerators do not fulfill the medical requirements by far. Never the less steady progress on the field might change the situation in the future. Beside the reliable production of a sufficient number of ions at the required energy the formation of a particle beam suitable for treatment from the burst of ions created in the acceleration process is one of the major challenges. While conventional optical systems will be operating at the technical limits which would be contradictory to the cost argument, space charge lenses of the Gabor type might be a cost effective alternative. In this paper a beam line consisting of such lenses will be presented together with particle transport simulations.

MOPPD039

Status of the Design of the LBNE Neutrino Beamline

target, extraction, status, shielding

451

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, M.R. Campbell, A.Z. Chen, S.C. Childress, C.D. Moore
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, about 1300 km away. The neutrinos are produced as follows: First, protons extracted from the MI-10 section of the Main Injector (60-120 GeV) hit a solid target above grade and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into a 250 m long decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account several factors including the physics goals, the modeling of the facility, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW in order to enable the facility to run with an upgraded accelerator complex. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

MOPPD041

Beam Loss Protection for a 2.3 Megawatt LBNE Proton Beam

dipole, quadrupole, power-supply, target

454

R.M. Zwaska, S.C. Childress, A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy.
Severe limits are required for allowable beam loss during extraction and transport of a 2.3 MW primary proton beam for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) at Fermilab. Detailed simulations with the STRUCT and MARS codes have evaluated the impact of beam loss of 1.6·10¹⁴ protons per pulse at 120 GeV, ranging from a single pulse full loss to sustained small fractional loss. It is shown that localized loss of a single beam pulse at 2.3 MW will result in a destructive event: beam pipe failure, damaged magnets and high levels of residual radiation inside the tunnel. A sustained full beam loss would be catastrophic. Acceptable beam loss limits have been determined and robust solutions developed to enable efficient proton beam operation under these constraints.

MOPPD043

Novel Muon Beam Facilities for Project X at Fermilab

target, dipole, linac, electron

457

C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.J. Abrams, T.J. Roberts, C. Y. Yoshikawa
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Innovative muon beam concepts for intensity-frontier experiments such as muon-to-electron conversion are described. Elaborating upon a previous single-beam idea, we have developed a design concept for a system to generate four high quality, low-energy muon beams (two of each sign) from a single beam of protons. As a first step, the production of pions by 1 and 3 GeV protons from the proposed Project X linac at Fermilab is being simulated and compared with the 8-GeV results from the previous study.

MOPPD044

Optimization of the Target Subsystem for the New g-2 Experiment

target, simulation, focusing, factory

460

C. Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, J.P. Morgan, D.V. Neuffer, S.I. Striganov
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

A precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, aμ = (g-2)/2, was previously performed at BNL with a result of 2.2 - 2.7 standard deviations above the Standard Model (SM) theoretical calculations. The same experimental apparatus is being planned to run in the new Muon Campus at Fermilab, where the muon beam is expected to have less pion contamination and the extended dataset may provide a possible 7.5σ deviation from the SM, creating a sensitive and complementary benchmark for proposed SM extensions. We report here on a preliminary study of the target subsystem where the apparatus is optimized for pions that have favorable phase space to create polarized daughter muons around the magic momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, which is needed by the downstream g 2 muon ring.

MOPPD045

Performance Study of the PEFP Microwave Ion Source with Modified Microwave System

ion-source, ion, high-voltage, linac

463

D.I. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government.
A microwave ion source has been developed as a proton injector for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) 100-MeV proton linac. The microwave ion source consists of the 2.45-GHz microwave components, a solenoid magnet, a vacuum system, power supplies for beam extraction and bias electrode, a cooling system. It was operating for 1 year to supply beam to the 20-MeV proton accelerator. Recently, a multi-layer insulation DC break was installed between proton source and 2.45-GHz microwave components. Also, the magnetron was replaced with lower saturation power level. The tests of the microwave system have been done to study the effect of the DC break and new magnetron compared with the former one. Also, the beam test was done after the operating conditions of the microwave system were adjusted. In this paper, the performance studies of the PEFP microwave ion source with DC break and new magnetron are discussed.

MOPPD048

Ribbon Electron Beam Profile Monitor for Bunched Beam Tomography

electron, cathode, ion, diagnostics

472

V.G. Dudnikov
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
A.V. Aleksandrov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work supported by Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by STTR grant DE-SC0007559
Advanced beam diagnostics are essential for high performance accelerator beam production and for reliable accelerator operation. It is important to have noninvasive diagnostics which can be used continuously with intense beams of accelerated particles. Recently, an electron probe was successfully used to determine accelerated particle density distributions. However, the apparatus used for this diagnostic is large and complex which restricts its wider use for tomography of accelerated bunches. We propose to use a strip cathode is for ribbon electron beam formation instead of a scanning of pencil beam used in the previous electron probe bunch profile monitors. The apparatus with the strip cathode is smaller, has simpler design and less expensive manufacturing, can have better magnetic shielding, higher sensitivity, higher resolution, can have better measurement accuracy and better time resolution. With this device it is possible to develop almost ideal tomography diagnostics of bunches in linear accelerators and in circular accelerators and storage rings.

MOPPD050

Dipole Magnet Design for a Bunch Compressor

dipole, neutron, linac, focusing

478

T. Kanesue, L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The FRANZ-ARMADILLO is a Mobley type bunch compressor system at the pulsed intense neutron source FRANZ, under construction at Frankfurt University. The FRANZ-ARMADILLO compresses 9μbunches of a 150 mA, 2 MeV proton beam accelerated by a 175 MHz linac into one short pulse of 1 ns pulse length with 250 kHz repetition rate. In the bunch compressor, two homogeneous dipole magnets and two gradient dipole magnets guide theμbunches, separated by a 5 MHz RF-kicker on individual tracks. The flight path length of theμbunches are determined based on the bunch center velocity and the linac frequency for the longitudinal bunch compression. The gradient dipole magnets provide individual magnetic fields and edge focusing forces to everyμbunch. For the center trajectory, the required parameters are a magnetic field density of 509.2 mT, bending angle of 78.27 deg, and bending radius of 404.5 mm. To satisfy all specifications, field clamps, shims, and chamfer cut will be adopted. The result of the gradient dipole magnet design and the expected performance based on beam dynamics studies will be presented.

MOPPD051

Performance of Resonant Slow Extraction from J-PARC Main Ring

extraction, feedback, quadrupole, septum

481

M. Tomizawa, Y. Arakaki, T. Kimura, S. Murasugi, R. Muto, H. Nakagawa, K. Okamura, H. Sato, Y. Shirakabe, T. Toyama, E. Yanaoka, M. Yoshii
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
D. Horikawa
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Mochiki
Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
A. Schnase
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Proton beam accelerated by the J-PARC main ring (MR) with an imaginary transition lattice is slowly extracted by a third integer resonant extraction scheme and delivered to the hadron experimental hall. One of the critical issues in the slow extraction from a high intensity proton synchrotron is the inevitable beam loss caused by the extraction process at septum devices. A design with low beam loss (high extraction efficiency) is required to reduce machine damage and radiation exposure during hands-on maintenance. We have designed the slow extraction scheme to obtain high extraction efficiency for the MR lattice. The scheme has a large step size and a small angular spread enabling a hit rate of the beam on the developed thin septum device. Since the first 30 GeV proton beam was successfully delivered to the experimental hall in January 2009, an extremely high extraction efficiency of 99.5% has been achieved by an intensive beam tuning. In this paper, we report details of such performance. We will also describe some schemes to improve the serious spiky spill time structure due to large current ripples from the power supplies for the bending and quadrupole magnets.

MOPPD052

Study of Electrostatic Septum by Low-Z Material for High Intensity Proton Beam

septum, extraction, scattering, beam-losses

484

D. Horikawa
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Arakaki, K. Okamura, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
I. Sakai
University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan
T. Shimogawa
Saga University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga, Japan

In a high-intensity proton accelerator, the beam loss at the time of late beam extraction causes radioactivation of apparatus. It takes out and is a problem serious to that of upper about beam power. Its attention was paid to electric septum (ESS) of the equipment used for beam extraction for problem solving. The septum section of ESS which beam hits directly is usually used for tungsten. Therefore, it is low atomic number material to the septum section. Development of the new model ESS using the textile material carbon fiber of a certain carbon (CF) was started. Is it a problem in CF at processability? Is it using for the septum section of ESS for a certain reason? Difficult it was. Therefore, it succeeded in obtaining required form and intensity by developing the twisting thread technology of CF. Moreover, the tension strength test of CFwire and the pyrogenicity test by electric current were done. Is it the tension intensity and heat durability which exceed the existing tungsten wire? It was confirmed. In addition to the ESS development technique using these new materials, and a result, a future measure is reported.

MOPPD053

Reduction of Outgassing from the Ferrite Cores in the Kicker Magnet of J-PARC RCS

vacuum, kicker, high-voltage, beam-transport

487

N. Ogiwara, Y. Hikichi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, K. Suganuma, T. Yanagibashi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Kicker magnets are used to kick out the accelerated beam to the beam transport lines in the RCS of the J-PARC. A high voltage is applied to kickers for a short period, so they must be installed in a vacuum to prevent discharge. Therefore, it is important to reduce the outgassing of water vapor from the ferrite cores. After bake-out at 200°C for 300 hours, the outgassing rate decreased to less than 1×10^-7 Pam/s. However, the small amount of water vapor and carbon monoxide were emitted from the ferrite cores at charging voltage of 80 kV. This time, we have decided to construct the reserve magnets with very low outgassing at high-voltage discharge. First of all, the thermal desorption behavior of the ferrite was investigated. Water vapor has two peaks: at ~ 100°C and 350°C. Carbon monoxide is rather largely emitted until 300°C. From these results, the ferrite cores were vacuum-fired at 450°C for 10 h. Then the good properties for the magnetic cores were confirmed. And now the assembling of the kicker magnet is undertaken. The performance of the kicker magnet made of the vacuum-fired ferrite will be shown in this meeting.

MOPPD064

Simulation of Double Layer Carbon Stripping Foils for ISIS Injection Upgrades

injection, simulation, radiation, scattering

514

H. V. Smith, D.J. Adams, B. Jones, C.M. Warsop
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
Y. Irie, Y. Takeda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

ISIS, the pulsed neutron and muon spallation source located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), currently delivers a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to target. A 70 MeV H linear accelerator feeds into a 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton synchrotron, accelerating up to 3·10¹³ protons per pulse. Potential injection scheme upgrades, aiming to raise average beam power towards 0.5 MW with a new 180 MeV linear accelerator, continue to be studied. This paper highlights recent results from temperature studies of double layer carbon foils, suitable for injection at 180 MeV into ISIS, using ANSYS. Experimental data from KEK was used to benchmark models and the variation of temperature as a function of foil separation was considered.

MOPPD067

Novel Slow Extraction Scheme for Proton Accelerators Using Pulsed Dipole Correctors and Crystals

extraction, septum, scattering, betatron

517

V.D. Shiltsev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
Slow extraction of protons beams from circular accelerators is currently widely used for a variety of beam-based experiments. The method has some deficiencies including limited efficiency of extraction, radiation induced due to scattering on the electrostatic septa and limited beam pipe aperture, beam dynamics effects of space charge forces and magnet power supplies ripple. Here we present a novel slow extraction scheme employing a number of non-standard accelerator elements, such as Silicone crystal strips and pulsed strip-line dipole correctors, and illustrate practicality of these examples at the 8 GeV proton Recycler Ring at Fermilab.

MOPPD070

A SVD-based Orbit Steering Algorithm for RHIC Injection

injection, ion, heavy-ion, controls

523

C. Liu, A. Marusic, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The RHIC physics programs involve experiments with polarized proton and several species of ion beams. In the past, when switching between physics programs, first turn and circulating beam in RHIC was established manually by adjustments to the corrector dipoles for minimum beam loss. In this report, we introduce a new steering scheme based on an SVD algorithm which uses a single-pass orbit response matrix for first turn steering. The new scheme was implemented into the controls system and demonstrated successfully in Run-11. Establishing circulating beam using this automated approach has been shown to dramatically reduce the beam setup time.

MOPPD077

Studies for an Alternative LHC Non-Linear Collimation System

collimation, sextupole, betatron, impedance

544

L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, V. Boccone, F. Cerutti, A. Mereghetti, R. Versaci, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari, J. Resta-López
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program.
A LHC nonlinear Betatron cleaning collimation system would allow larger gap for the mechanical jaws, reducing as a consequence the collimator-induced impedance, which may limit the LHC beam intensity. In this paper, the performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of beam losses distribution around the LHC ring and cleaning efficiency in stable physics condition at 7TeV for Beam1. Moreover, the energy deposition distribution on the machine elements is compared to the present LHC Betatron cleaning collimation system in the Point 7 Insertion Region (IR).

MOPPD078

Accelerator Physics Study on the Effects from an Asynchronous Beam Dump in the LHC Experimental Region Collimators

simulation, kicker, betatron, optics

547

L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, V. Boccone, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Mereghetti, A. Rossi, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program.
Asynchronous beam aborts at the LHC are to be expected once per year. Accelerator physics studies of asynchronous dumps have been performed at different beam energies and beta-stars. The loss patterns are analyzed in order to identify the losses in particular on the Phase 1 Tertiary Collimators (TCT), since their Tungsten jaw insert has a low damage threshold with respect to the loss load expected. Settings for the tilt angle of the TCTs are discussed with the aim of reducing the thermal loads on the TCT themselves.

MOPPD080

Improved Robustness of the LHC Collimation System by Operating with a Jaw-beam Angle

collimation, radiation, scattering, alignment

553

L. Lari, R.W. Assmann, A. Rossi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Cauchi
UoM, Msida, Malta
A. Faus-Golfe, L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: This work has been carried out through of the European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development (EuCARD), co-sponsored by EU 7th Framework Program.
The robustness of the Phase I collimation system could be improved playing with the angular orientation of each single jaw. A preliminary study on the asymmetric misalignment of the collimator jaws, scanning through different jaw angles and varying beam sizes and energy, have been carried out, aiming at minimizing the energy deposited on metallic collimators, following an asynchronous dump.

MOPPD082

Recent T980 Crystal Collimation Studies at the Tevatron Exploiting a Pixel Detector System and a Multi-strip Crystal Array

collimation, collider, vacuum, scattering

559

D.A. Still, G. Annala, R.A. Carrigan, A.I. Drozhdin, T.R. Johnson, N.V. Mokhov, V. Previtali, R.A. Rivera, V.D. Shiltsev, J.R. Zagel, V.V. Zvoda
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Y.A. Chesnokov, I.A. Yazynin
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari
INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Yu.M. Ivanov
PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
With the shutdown of the Tevatron, the T-980 crystal collimation experiment at Fermilab has been successfully completed. Results of dedicated beam studies in May 2011 are described in this paper. For these studies, two multi-strip crystals were installed in the vertical goniometer. A two-plane CMS pixel detector was positioned upstream of the E03 collimator to image beam deflected by the crystals. This new enhanced hardware yielded impressive results. For the first time, a 980-GeV proton halo beam, channeled by an O-shaped crystal of the horizontal goniometer, was imaged using the pixel detector. The performance of this crystal, the first element of the collimation system, was very good. Reproducible results on the reduction of local beam losses were also obtained with an 8-strip crystal. For volume reflection these beam losses were measured with the PIN diodes and loss monitors at the E03 collimator. The long range beam losses for the channeled beam were observed using the F17 collimator one third of the ring downstream of the crystal. The measured channeling efficiency of the O-shaped crystal and the volume reflection efficiency of the 8-strip crystal were both ~70%.

MOPPD084

Optimization of Extinction Efficiency in the 8-GeV Mu2e Beam Line

target, background, dipole, alignment

565

I.L. Rakhno, A.I. Drozhdin, C. Johnstone, N.V. Mokhov, E. Prebys
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab is being designed to probe for new physics beyond the standard model at mass scales up to 10000 TeV*. The advance in experimental sensitivity is four orders of magnitude when compared to existing data on charged lepton flavor violation. The critical requirement of the experiment is the ability to deliver a proton beam contained in short 100-ns bunches onto a muon production target, with an inter-bunch separation of about 1700 ns. In order to insure the low level of background at the muon detector consistent with the required sensitivity, protons that reach the target between bunches must be suppressed by an enormous factor, 109. This paper describes the results of numerical modeling with STRUCT and MARS codes for a beam line with a collimation system**,*** and optics that achieves an experimental extinction factor of one per billion.
* R.M. Carey et al., Mu2e Proposal, Fermilab (2008).
** W. Molzon, “Proton Beam Extinction,” MECO-EXT-05-002 (2005).
*** E. Prebys, Mu2e-doc-534 (2009), http://mu2e-docdb.fnal.gov.

MOPPR002

Overview of the Beam Diagnostics in the MedAustron Accelerator: Design Choices and Test Beam Commissioning

emittance, synchrotron, injection, extraction

774

F. Osmic, M. Feurstein, A. Gyorgy, A. Kerschbaum, M. Repovz, S.M. Schwarz
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
G. Burtin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The MedAustron center is a synchrotron based accelerator complex for cancer treatment and for clinical and non-clinical research with protons and light ions, currently under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. The accelerator complex is based on the CERN-PIMMS study and its technical implementation by the Italian CNAO foundation in Pavia. The MedAustron beam diagnostics system is based on sixteen different monitor types (153 devices in total) and will allow measuring all relevant beam parameters from the source to the irradiation rooms. The monitors will have to cope with large intensity and energy ranges. Currently, one ion source, the low energy beam transfer line and the RFQ are being commissioned in the Injector Test Stand (ITS) at CERN. This paper gives an overview of all beam monitors foreseen for the MedAustron accelerator, elaborates some of the design choices, and reports the first beam commissioning results from the ITS.

MOPPR013

Beam Loss and Transmission Control at FAIR

controls, ion, synchrotron, extraction

801

M. Schwickert, T. Hoffmann, F. Kurian, H. Reeg, A. Reiter
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W. Vodel
HIJ, Jena, Germany

FAIR, the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, is presently entering the final layout phase at GSI. The injector chain consists of the existing linear accelerator UNILAC and synchrotron SIS18, plus a new dedicated 70 MeV high-intensity proton Linac. Along the injector chain to the main synchrotron SIS100 as well as in the beam transport lines, which connect synchrotrons, storage rings and experimental areas, beam transmission or vice versa beam loss have to be controlled very precisely. To supply a maximum intensity of 5·10¹¹ U²⁸⁺/spill to experiments and to prevent machine damages by intense beams, an integrated system for transmission and loss control is mandatory. While various kinds of beam current transformers control transmission online, intercepting Particle Detector Combinations (scintillators, ionization chambers, secondary electron monitors) are foreseen for optimization runs. External Beam Loss Monitors indirectly detect loss positions by measuring secondary particles. This contribution summarizes the requirements for the related detector systems and presents basic concepts for beam loss and transmission control at FAIR.

MOPPR028

Upgrade Plan of BLM System of J-PARC MR

extraction, injection, ion, monitoring

837

K. Satou, T. Toyama
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

The upgrade plan of BLM system of J-PARC Main Ring synchrotron (MR) will be described. Existing proportional chamber beam loss monitors (P-BLMs) have fast signal rise time of about 100ns and high gas gain of about 2·10⁴ at the maximum. These abilities were quite advantageous for the early beam commissioning stage. On the other hand, the gas gain is degraded with increasing output current. The P-BLM is suitable for a measurement of a low level beam loss event, however, vulnerable to a measurement of an accidental beam loss event (fast loss) causing high radiation. To enhance the dynamic range of the system, 1m long Air Ionization Chambers (AICs) will be installed and operated with the P-BLM. Experiments using the real beam loss at collimator area and at the Co60 radiation facility have demonstrated the stable operations up to the radiation level activated by the maximum beam loss power of the collimator area. A new data taking system is now under development, and its performances will also be presented.

MOPPR039

Development of Beam Position Monitor for PEFP Linac and Beam line

linac, coupling, DTL, quadrupole

864

J.Y. Ryu, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The development of the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is in progress for the linac and beam lines of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP). We choose a strip line BPM for the PEFP 20-MeV and 100-MeV beam lines in order to increase the sensitivity of the relatively long bunches in the beam lines. We also selected the same type BPM for the proton linac in the energy range between 20-MeV and 100-MeV. The prototype BPM was designed, fabricated and tested at KAERI site, where the 20-MeV linac was operated. To check the performance of the BPM, we performed the field mapping. The characteristics and test results of the BPM on the test bench as well as with 20-MeV proton beam will be presented in this paper.

MOPPR043

Design, Construction and Calibration of a First Prototype of Beam Position System for Hadron Therapy Facilities

controls, vacuum, power-supply, high-voltage

876

A. Faus-Golfe, C. Belver-Aguilar, C. Blanch Gutierrez, J.J. García-Garrigós
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
E. Benveniste, M. Haguenauer, P. Poilleux
LLR, Palaiseau, France

Funding: AIC10-D-000518 and AIC-D-2011-0673.
Beam Position Monitors (BPM) are essential elements in the instrumentation for the beam control in hadron therapy accelerators. The measurement of the beam position become more important at the secondary transport lines towards the patient room where this parameter must be completely determined. In this paper we describe the design, construction, read-out electronics and first calibration tests of a new type of BPM based on four scintillating fibers coupled to four photodiodes to detect the light produced by the fibers when intercepting the beam tails. The prototype will serve to evaluate the different design options in the mechanical and the read-out electronics implementation as well as to define the best processing method to get the beam position.

MOPPR047

Study of the Response of Low Pressure Ionisation Chambers

target, electron, monitoring, synchrotron

888

E. Nebot Del Busto, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, V. Grishin, J.F. Herranz Alvarez
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is based on parallel plate Ionization Chambers (IC) with active volume ~1.5l and a nitrogen filling gas at 0.1 bar overpressure. At the largest loss locations, the ICs generate signals large enough to saturate the read-out electronics. A reduction of the active volume and filling pressure in the ICs would decrease the amount of charge collected in the electrodes, and so provide a higher saturation limit using the same electroncis. This makes Little Ionization Chambers (LIC) filled with both reduced pressure and active volume a good candidate for these high radiation areas. In this contribution we present measurements performed with several LIC monitors with reduced active volume and various filling pressures. These detectors were tested under various conditions with different beam setups, with standard LHC ICs used for calibration purposes.

MOPPR063

Exploiting the Undesired: Beam-gas Interactions in the LHC

vacuum, radiation, simulation, quadrupole

927

R. Versaci, V. Baglin, M. Brugger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Mereghetti
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

The vacuum inside the LHC pipes has a key role in correct operation of the accelerator. The interaction of the beam with residual gas in the pipes can lead to the loss of the beam itself and damage accelerator components. Nevertheless, beam-gas interactions can be exploited to indirectly measure the gas pressure inside the beam pipe, detecting the secondaries produced. The showers generated are detected by Beam Loss Monitors, whose signals depend on the gas pressure. This technique would also allow to punctually measure the gas pressure in sections of the accelerator where vacuum gauges are not frequent, such as the arcs. The problem has been addressed by means of FLUKA simulations and the results have been benchmarked with direct measurements performed in the LHC in 2011.

MOPPR070

Beam Profile Measurement in MTA Beam Line for High Pressure RF Cavity Beam Test

cavity, diagnostics, linac, electron

948

M.R. Jana, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, C. Johnstone, T. Kobilarcik, G.M. Koizumi, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
M. Chung
Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
M.G. Collura
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
B.T. Freemire, P.M. Hanlet, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
The recent High Pressure RF (HPRF) cavity experiment at the MuCool Test Area (MTA) used a 400 MeV Linac proton beam to study the beam loading effect. When the energetic proton beam passes through the cavity, it ionizes the inside gas and produces electrons. These electrons consume RF power inside the cavity. The number of electrons produced per cm inside the cavity (at 950 psi Hydrogen gas) per incident proton is 1200. The measurement of beam position and profile are necessary. The MTA is a flammable gas (Hydrogen) hazard zone, so we have developed a passive beam diagnostic instrument using a Chromox-6 scintillation screen and CCD camera. This paper presents quantitative information about beam position and beam profile. A neutral density filter was used to avoid saturation of the CCD camera. Image data is filtered and fitted with a Gaussian function to compute the beam size. The beam profile obtained from the scintillation screen will be compared with a multi-wire beam profile.

MOPPR076

Using the BRAN Luminosity Detectors for Beam Emittance Monitoring During LHC Physics Runs

luminosity, emittance, monitoring, interaction-region

966

A. Ratti, H.S. Matis, M. Placidi, W.C. Turner
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
E. Bravin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T.E. Lahey
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
E.S.M. McCrory
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
R. Miyamoto
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: This work partially supported by the US Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
The BRAN Ionization Chambers installed at the IP1 and IP5 Interaction Points of the LHC provide a relative measurement of the total and bunch-by-bunch luminosities. This information, combined with the logged bunch charges from a fast BCT monitor, offers the possibility of evaluating the Interaction Area in collision for each of the colliding bunch pairs and monitor its time evolution. A Graphic User Interface (GUI) has been implemented to display the interaction area of the proton bunches interacting in IP1 and IP5 during each of the Physics Runs in the attempt of displaying the contribution to the Luminosity time decay originating from possible emittance blow-up when operating the Accelerator close to the beam-beam limit. Early results confirm the ability to characterize the bunch by bunch emittance behavior during the store and study possible differences among bunches in the same fill.

TUYA01

Research and Development of Future Muon Collider

cavity, collider, plasma, emittance

1020

K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

A muon collider would provide a unique facility for future elementary-particle physics research, and present unique challenges for accelerator physics and technology. An R&D effort is underway to address major challenges in the design of a future muon collider. This talk should provide an opportunity to discuss the muon collider's challenges, present recent R&D results, and describe future prospects.

TUYA02

Overview of Asymmetric Electron Hadron Colliders

electron, collider, ion, hadron

1025

V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The first lepton-proton collider HERA at DESY completed its operation in 2007. Presently, several accelerator proposals for future electron-hadron colliders are under consideration in several laboratories from all over the world. The future accelerators intend to exceed the HERA luminosity by 2-3 orders of magnitude, as well as to cover the different ranges of center-of-mass collision energies. The research capabilities will be extended by including the collisions of electrons with heavy ions, as well as, in some designs, with polarized protons and polarized ions. The future electron-hadron colliders would serve as high-resolution microscopes able to reveal unprecedented details of the structure of nucleons and ions, including their spin content and the state of high gluon density matter. The colliders will provide us with ultimate tools to test both the ways Quantum Chromodynamics works as well as to look for new physics beyond the Standard Model. All proposed electron-hadron colliders are based on the extension of existing accelerators to accommodate the electron-hadron collisions. Advanced accelerator technologies are utilized in order to achieve the desired high luminosity.

Slides TUYA02 [6.002 MB]

TUYB01

Proton Beam Acceleration with Circular Polarized Laser Pulses

laser, electron, plasma, ion

1045

X.Q. Yan, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, Y.R. Lu, H. Wang
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Z.Y. Guo
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

This presentation should describe the use of circular polarized laser pulses for phase-stable acceleration of proton beams. The principles of the technique should be explained, with comparisons and contrasts made with similar techniques. The potential for production of high-intensity, mono-energetic proton beams should be discussed, and the results of analytical, simulation, and experimental studies presented.

Slides TUYB01 [7.922 MB]

TUYB03

FFAG Experience and Future Prospects

acceleration, focusing, betatron, lattice

1054

Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

This talk should outline the various FFAG accelerators that have been constructed, and discuss the operational experience with different machines. Common issues should be identified, and contrasting experiences highlighted. A frank assessment of the capability of FFAGs to meet the requirements for applications such as ion therapy, accelerator-driven subcritical reactors, and muon colliders should be followed by a description of the main objectives and challenges for future R&D.

Slides TUYB03 [14.162 MB]

TUOBA03

H⁻ and Proton Beam Loss Comparison at SNS Superconducting Linac

linac, quadrupole, ion, DTL

1074

A.P. Shishlo, A.V. Aleksandrov, J. Galambos, M.A. Plum
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden
V.A. Lebedev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
A comparison of beam loss in the superconducting part (SCL) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac for H⁻ and protons is presented. During the experiment the nominal beam of negative hydrogen ions in the SCL was replaced by a proton beam created by insertion of a thin stripping carbon foil placed in the low energy section of the linac. The observed significant reduction in the beam loss for protons is explained by a domination of the intra-beam stripping mechanism of the beam loss for H-. The details of the experiment are discussed, and a preliminary estimation of the cross section of the reaction H⁻ + H⁻ -> H⁻ + H⁰ + e is presented.

Slides TUOBA03 [0.772 MB]

TUOAB02

Investigation of the Use of Silicon, Diamond and Liquid Helium Detectors for Beam Loss Measurements at 2 Kelvin

cryogenics, radiation, electron, interaction-region

1080

C. Kurfuerst, B. Dehning, W.T. Eisel, M. Sapinski
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Eremin
IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia
C. Fabjan
HEPHY, Wien, Austria

At the triplet magnets, close to the interaction regions of the LHC, the current Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system is very sensitive to the debris from the collisions. For future beams with higher energy and higher luminosity this will lead to a situation in which the BLM system can no longer distinguish between these interaction products and quench-provoking beam losses from the primary proton beams. The solution investigated is to locate the detectors as close as possible to the superconducting coil, i.e. the element to be protected. This means putting detectors inside the cold mass of the superconducting magnets at 1.9 K. As possible candidates for such loss monitors, diamond, silicon and a liquid helium chamber have been tested in a proton beam at liquid helium temperatures. The initial promising results from these tests will be presented and discussed in this contribution.

Slides TUOAB02 [3.412 MB]

TUPPC012

Optics of Extraction Lines at CNAO

dipole, ion, extraction, septum

1179

E. Bressi, L. Falbo, C. Priano, M. Pullia
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
C. Biscari
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The CNAO (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy), is the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy with proton and carbon ion beams, treating patients since fall 2011. The beam is delivered to the patient through a high energy transfer line (HEBT). The line is equipped with a horizontal switching dipole that carries the beam in three treatment rooms and a vertical switching dipole that allows a vertical delivery of the beam in the central treatment room. The CNAO HEBT commissioning has been carried out using proton and Carbon beams in the full range of energies: 60 to 250 MeV/u for protons, 120 to 400 MeV/u for Carbon ions. Optimization of the beam lines setup has been carried out for few energies, applying beam magnetic rigidity scaling for the full range in steps of the order of 1 MeV. The scaling has proven to be satisfactory for most elements, and only minor adjustments in the initial part of the line were needed to fulfill tolerances in all the range. Repeatability of magnetic settings is supported by measurements along the lines. Finally the results in terms of beam dimensions, beam transmission and beam position at the patient position are presented.

TUPPC035

Design of a Surface Muon Beam Line for High Field muSR at the PSI Proton Accelerator Facility

simulation, quadrupole, focusing, secondary-beams

1236

D. Reggiani, K. Deiters, P. Kaufmann, Y. Lee, T. Prokscha, T. Rauber, R. Scheuermann, K. Sedlak, V. Vranković
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

Starting from 2012, a high field muSR (muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance) facility will come into operation in the piE3 secondary beam line located at the target station E of the PSI proton accelerator. For this purpose, the last part of the beam line has been redesigned in order to integrate two electrostatic spin rotator devices providing a 90° rotation of the muon spin. At the same time, requirements of small beam diameter (σ ≈ 10 mm) as well as small momentum bite (δ_p/p ≈ 1%) in the sample region have to be met. This work focuses on the simulation of the beam optics (28 MeV/c design momentum). Particular concern is given to potential transmission losses caused by the spin rotator devices. The matching of the beam line with the high magnetic field up to 9.5 T surrounding the sample region has been considered as well. An overview of the spin rotator devices, specifically designed for this project, is also presented.

TUPPC036

Integration with the LHC of Electron Interaction Region Optics for a Ring-ring LHeC

quadrupole, dipole, electron, optics

1239

L.N.S. Thompson
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
N.R. Bernard
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
H. Burkhardt, B.J. Holzer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Fitterer
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Klein
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
P. Kostka
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. One design uses an electron synchrotron to collide a 60GeV e± beam with the 7TeV proton beam. Designing a new accelerator around the existing LHC machine poses unique challenges, particularly in the interaction region (IR). The electron beam must be quickly separated from the proton beam after the interaction point (IP) to avoid beam-beam effects, while not significantly reducing luminosity or producing large amounts of synchrotron radiation. The proton beam must pass through the electron optics, while the electron beam must avoid the proton optics. The long straight section requires bending in both planes to counteract the IP crossing angle and to displace the beam vertically from the electron machine to the proton IP. An achromatic bending scheme is used in the vertical plane to eliminate dispersion at the IP and provide an optics which is well matched to the LHeC ring lattice. The interaction region and long straight section design is presented and detailed, and the design process and principles discussed.

TUPPC038

Interaction Region Optics for the Non-Interacting LHC Proton Beam at the LHeC

electron, optics, quadrupole, synchrotron

1245

L.N.S. Thompson
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
O.S. Brüning, B.J. Holzer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Klein
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
P. Kostka
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

The Large Hadron Electron Collider project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. Two electron accelerator designs are being studied; a linac and a synchrotron. In the synchrotron option, a 60GeV electron beam is collided with one of the LHC proton beams to provide high luminosity TeV-scale interactions. The interaction region for this scheme is complex and introduces a series of challenges due to the integration of the two machines. One of these is the optics of the second non-interacting proton beam. The second proton beam must not interfere with the LHeC experiment, but simultaneous running of the remaining LHC experiments requires that this beam must still circulate relatively undisturbed. This paper discusses methods to solve these challenges for the electron synchrotron design.

TUPPC039

Synchrotron Radiation Studies for a Ring-Ring LHeC Interaction Region and Long Straight Section

dipole, electron, quadrupole, synchrotron

1248

L.N.S. Thompson
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
N.R. Bernard
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
O.S. Brüning, B.J. Holzer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Klein
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
P. Kostka
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
B. Nagorny
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The Large Hadron Electron Collider project is a proposal to study e-p and e-A interactions at the LHC. In the design for an electron synchrotron (alternative designs for a linac are also under development), a 60GeV e± beam is collided with a 7TeV LHC proton beam to produce TeV-scale collisions. Despite being much lower energy than the proton beam, the electron beam is high enough energy to produce significant amounts of synchrotron radiation (SR). This places strong constraints on beam optics and bending. In particular challenges arise with the complex geometry required by the long straight section (LSS) and interaction region (IR). This includes the coupled nature of the proton and electron optics, as SR produced by the electron beam must not be allowed to quench the superconducting proton magnets or create problems with beam-gas backgrounds. Despite this, the electron beam must be deflected significantly within the IR to produce sufficient separation from the proton beam.

TUPPC043

Design of Accumulator and Compressor Rings for the Project-X Based Proton Driver

lattice, linac, optics, synchrotron

1260

Y. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A Muon Collider (MC) and Neutrino Factory (NF), which may be considered as a step towards MC, both require high-power (~4 MW) proton driver providing short (<1m) bunches for muon production. However, the driver repetition rate required for these two machines is different: ~15 Hz for MC and ~60 Hz for NF. This difference necessitates employing two separate rings: one for accumulation of the proton beam from the Project-X linac in a few (e.g., 4) long bunches, the other for bunch compression - one by one for NF or all at a time for MC with simultaneous delivery to the target. The lattice requirements for these two rings are different: the momentum compaction factor in the accumulator ring should be large (and possibly negative) to avoid the microwave instability, while the compressor ring can be nearly isochronous in order to limit the required RF voltage and reduce the dispersion contribution to the beam size. In the present report we consider ring lattice designs which achieve these goals.

TUPPC049

A Tapered-foil Emittance-exchange Experiment at LANSCE

emittance, simulation, scattering, collimation

1278

R.C. McCrady
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

We are planning an experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to demonstrate a technique for reducing the transverse emittance of the proton beam by passing the beam through a wedge-shaped energy degrader to produce a non-symplectic correlation between transverse position and energy, then removing this correlation with a bending magnet. This technique was proposed by Peterson* in 1983. We present a specific beamline layout that is expected to mitigate several complications associated with fielding an experiment to demonstrate the technique with a low-emittance proton beam. We present simulated results and expected outcomes of this demonstration.
* J. M. Peterson, Proc. of PAC 1983, pP. 2403-2405 (1984).

TUPPC056

Optics Measurements and Corrections at RHIC

optics, quadrupole, luminosity, lattice

1299

M. Bai, J.N. Aronson, M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Luo, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
G. Vanbavinckhove
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The further improvement of RHIC luminosity performance requires more precise understanding of the RHIC modeling. Hence, it is necessary to minimize the beta-beat, deviation of measured beta function from the calculated beta functions based on an model. The correction of beta-beat also opens up the possibility of exploring operating RHIC polarized protons at a working point near integer, a preferred choice for both luminosity as well as beam polarization. The segment-by-segment technique for reducing beta-beat demonstrated in the LHC operation for reducing the beta-beat was first tested in RHIC during its polarized proton operation in 2011. It was then fully implemented during the RHIC polarized proton operation in 2012. This paper reports the commissioning results. Future plan is also presented.

TUPPC057

RHIC Spin Flipper Commissioning Results

dipole, resonance, polarization, injection

1302

M. Bai, W.C. Dawson, J. Kewisch, Y. Makdisi, P. Oddo, C. Pai, P.H. Pile, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The five ac dipole design of RHIC spin flipper in the Blue ring was first commissioned during the RHIC 2012 polarized proton operation. The advantage of this design is to eliminate the vertical coherent betatron oscillations outside the spin flipper*. Spin flipping efficiency was measured with both 100 GeV and 250 GeV polarized proton beams. This paper presents the latest commissioning results.
* M. Bai , T. Roser, C. Dawson, Y. Makdisi, W. Meng, F. Meot, P. Oddo, C. Pai, P. Pile, RHIC Spin Flipper New Design and Commissioning Plan, IPAC10 proceedings, IPAC 2010, Kyoto, Japan, 2010

TUPPC060

Beam Optics and the pp2pp Setup of the STAR Experiment at RHIC

quadrupole, simulation, optics, scattering

1311

P.H. Pile, W. Guryn, J.H. Lee, S. Tepikian, K. Yip
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The newly installed forward detector system at the STAR experiment at RHIC measures small angle elastic and inelastic scattering of polarized protons on polarized protons. The detector system makes use of a pair of Roman Pot (RP) detectors, instrumented with silicon detectors, and located on either side of the STAR intersection region downstream of the DX and D0 dipoles and quadrupole triplets. The parallel to point optics is designed so that scattering angles are determined from position measurements at the RP's with small error. The RP setup allows measurement of position and angle for a subset of the scattered protons. These measured position/angle correlations at the RP's can be compared with optics model predictions to get a measure of the accuracy of the quadrupole triplet current settings. The current in each quadrupole in the triplets is comprised of sums and differences of up to six power supplies and an overall 1% error in the triplet field strengths results in a 4% error in four-momentum transfer squared. This technique is also useful to check the polarity of the skew elements located in each quadrupole triplet. Results of the analysis will be presented.

TUPPC062

Transfer of Polarized 3He Ions in the AtR Beam Transfer Line

injection, ion, extraction, dipole

1317

N. Tsoupas, W.W. MacKay, F. Méot, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy
In addition to collisions of electrons with various unpolarized ion species as well as polarized protons, the proposed electron-hadron collider (eRHIC) will also facilitate the collisions of electrons with polarized 3He ions. The AGS is the last acceleration stage of ions before injection into one RHIC for final acceleration. The AtR (AGS to RHIC) transfer line will be utilized to transport the polarized 3He ions from AGS into one of the RHIC’s collider rings. In this paper we investigate the extraction energy of the polarized 3He ions from the AGS which will optimize the polarization of 3He ions injected into RHIC. Some of the peculiarities (interleaved horizontal and vertical bends) of the AtR line's layout may degrade this spin matching of the polarized 3He ions. We will also discuss possible simple modifications of the AtR line to accomplish a perfect “spin matching” of the injected 3He beam with that of the stable spin direction at the injection point of the RHIC ring.

TUPPC070

Alternating Spin Aberration Electrostatic Lattice for EDM Ring

lattice, simulation, quadrupole, storage-ring

1332

Y. Senichev, R. Maier, D. Zyuzin
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. Berz
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The idea of the electric dipole moment search using the storage ring (SrEDM) with polarized beam is realized under condition of the long-time spin coherency of all particles, the time during which the RMS spread of the spin orientation of all particles in the bunch reaches one radian. Following the requirements of the planned EDM experiment, the SCT should be more than 1000 seconds. During this time each particle performs about 10⁹ turns in the storage ring moving on different trajectories through the optics elements. At such conditions the spin-rotation aberrations associated with various types of space and time dependent nonlinearities start to play a crucial role. In this paper we consider a new method based on the alternating spin drift, causing it to rotate alternately, thereby limiting the growth of aberrations at one order of magnitude lower. As a result, using this method we can achieve the SCT of the order of 5000-6000 seconds. The difficulties of these studies are still in the fact that the aberrations growth observed in the scale of a 10⁹ turns. For the study we use an analytical method in composition with a numerical simulation by COSY Infinity.

TUPPC071

Comparison of Different Numerical Modelling Methods for Beam Dynamics in Electrostatic Rings

simulation, lattice, quadrupole, optics

1335

D. Zyuzin, R. Maier, Y. Senichev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
M. Berz
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

To search the electric dipole moment was proposed to use polarized protons at the so-called "magic" momentum of 0.7 GeV/c in an electric storage ring. For studying beam dynamics in electrostatic rings different computational methods can be used. We used differential algebra methods realized in COSY Infinity and integrating program with symplectic Runge-Kutta methods. These methods were observed and compared for orbital and spin motion.

TUPPC103

Ion Bunch Length Effects on the Beam-beam Interaction and its Compensation in a High-luminosity Ring-ring Electron-ion Collider

electron, luminosity, ion, simulation

1401

C. Montag, W. Fischer, A. Oeftiger
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
One of the luminosity limits in a ring-ring electron-ion collider is the beam-beam effect on the electrons. In the limit of short ion bunches, simulation studies have shown that this limit can be significantly increased by head-on beam-beam compensation with an electron lens. However, with an ion bunch length comparable to the beta-function at the IP in conjunction with a large beam-beam parameter, the electrons perform a sizeable fraction of a betatron oscillation period inside the long ion bunches. We present recent simulation results on the compensation of this beam-beam interaction with multiple electron lenses.

TUPPD001

The Mice Muon Beamline and Host Accelerator Beam Bump

target, controls, extraction, injection

1404

A.J. Dobbs, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
D.J. Adams
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
E. Overton, P.J. Smith
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council
The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is designed provide a proof of principle of the technique of ionization cooling, that is the reduction of the phase space of a muon beam via ionization energy loss in absorbers. Subsequent reacceleration is then provided by RF cavities (‘‘sustainable cooling''). Ionization cooling represents an important step toward future facilities based on stored muons beams, such as a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The MICE Muon Beam begins with the decay of pions produced by a cylindrical titanium target dipped into the circulating proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. This generates a pion shower which is captured and subsequently decays producing the muon beam. A secondary effect of the MICE target is to cause an increase in the number of protons lost from the ISIS beam. It is important that this effect be minimized. An overview is presented here of the MICE Muon Beam, including the results of a study in to the effect of raising the vertical position of the ISIS beam (a ‘‘beam bump'') in the vicinity of the MICE target.

TUPPD005

Design Concept for Nu-STORM: an Initial “Very Low-Energy Neutrino Factory”

injection, storage-ring, target, factory

1413

D.V. Neuffer, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, A. Liu, M. Popovic
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Funding: US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359
We present a design concept for a Nu-source from a STORage ring for Muons - NuSTORM. In this initial design a high-intensity proton beam produces ~5 GeV pions that provide muons that are captured using “stochastic injection” within a ~3.6 GeV racetrack storage ring. In “stochastic injection”, the ~53 GeV pion beam is transported from the target into the storage ring, dispersion-matched into a long straight section. (Circulating and injection orbits are separated by momentum.) Decays within that straight section provide muons that are within the ~2 GeV/c ring momentum acceptance and are stored for the muon lifetime of ~1000 turns. Muon (and pion) decays in the long straight sections provide neutrino beams that can be used for precision measurements of neutrino interactions, and neutrino oscillations or disappearance at L/E=~1 m/MeV. The facility is described and variations are discussed.

TUPPD006

IDR Neutrino Factory Front End and Variations

target, cavity, factory, solenoid

1416

D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Alekou
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
C. Y. Yoshikawa
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

The (International Design Report) IDR neutrino factory scenario for capture, bunching, phase-energy rotation and initial cooling of muons produced from a proton source target is presented. It requires a drift section from the target, a bunching section and a phase-energy rotation section leading into the cooling channel. The rf frequency changes along the bunching and rotation transport in order to form the muons into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. This design is being explored within the IDR cost model. Important concerns are rf limitations and beam losses. Recent experiments on rf gradient limits suggest preferred configurations for the rf within the magnetic fields, and these considerations are incorporated into the front end design.

TUPPD037

Simulation Study of the Effect of the Proton Layer Thickness on TNSA

electron, plasma, simulation, laser

1488

L. Lecz
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The LIGHT project is a collaboration of several laser and accelerator laboratories in Germany with the purpose to consolidate the theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations for the usage of laser accelerated ions in the conventional accelerators. The central facility is the PHELIX laser at GSI, Darmstadt, with a strong-field solenoid as a collimation and transport device. This contribution is devoted to the numerical investigation of the proton acceleration via the TNSA mechanism using 1D and 2D particle-in-cell electro-magnetic simulations. The phase-space distribution of the accelerated protons and co-moving electrons, which is necessary for further transport studies, is investigated for different parameters of the thin hydrogen-rich contamination layer on the rear target surface. Depending on the layer thickness the protons can be accelerated in different regimes, from the quasi-static acceleration for mono-layers up to the isothermal plasma expansion for thick layers.

TUPPD043

Resonant Reaction with a Superintense Circulating Beam

target, electron, resonance, storage-ring

1497

V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

A system for efficient generation of resonance reaction in the interaction of the circulating ion beam with a thin internal target is considered. Features of this system are high intense space charge compensated circulating ion beam with an intensity greater then a space charge limit in a near integrable nonlinear focusing system. Ionization energy loss is compensated by inductive electric field. Multiple scattering and energy straggling are compensated by electron cooling with a tabular electron beam. In this method it is possible to compensate an energy loss of circulating particles after crossing the target and have a crossing of resonant energy in every passing of target. For sharp resonance reactions and monoenergetic beams a thin target method can increase greatly the energy efficiency.

TUPPD044

Conceptual Gas Jet as a Stripping Target for Charge Exchange Injection

target, injection, ion, laser

1500

V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Stripping targets for charge exchange injection now uses thin carbon or Al2O3 foils. During long time injection for high intense beam accumulation by low current injection a foil life time can be compromised by overheating and alternative stripping targets need be developed. A pulsed supersonic gas jet was used as a stripping target in first realization of charge exchange injection with H⁻ ion energy 1.5 MeV and stationary gas jets are used as internal targets in experiments with super high vacuum. A stripper target thickness is proportional to the injection energy and for energy 1GeV should be ~0.3 mg/cm² of carbon. The pulsed gas target with such thickness acceptable for long time charge exchange injection can be produced with using of heavy hydrocarbon molecules used in the diffusion or booster vacuum pumps. Formation of the pulsed gas jet stripping targets will be considered.

TUPPD045

Efficient Plasma Generation by Positive Circulating Beams

electron, ion, vacuum, plasma

1503

V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Performances of high brightness circulating beams are affected by development of strong “electron-proton” (e-p) instabilities connected with generation of an electron cloud (EC). For suppression of the EC generation it is proposed a coating of vacuum chambers by compounds with low secondary electron emission, which is very complex and expensive for large systems like LHC or RHIC. Threshold beam intensity for EC generation can be increased during the vacuum chamber bombarding by plasma particles generating by EC. Vacuum chamber processing (scrubbing) by EC is conducted by bunched beam with a highest possible intensity and with shortest gaps between bunches. Highly efficient plasma generation can be produced in the coasting circulating beam of positive particles with relative low intensity and energy. With the coasting positive beam the plasma particles are generating by low energy electrons trapped by a positive beam space charge. Dynamics of electrons and ions generation will be estimated and simulated. The rate of plasma generation and surface scrubbing can be increase by decrease of pumping and injection of selected gases.

TUPPR053

Conceptual Design of the Linac4 Main Dump

linac, simulation, radiation, booster

1939

I.V. Leitao, C. Maglioni, A. Sarrió Martínez
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Linac4 is the new CERN linear accelerator intended to replace the aging Linac2 as the injector to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) for increasing the luminosity of the Large Hadrons Collider (LHC). By delivering a 160MeV H⁻ beam, Linac4 will provide the necessary conditions to double the brightness and intensity of the beam extracted from the PSB. This paper describes the conceptual design of the Linac4 Main Dump, where two different concepts relying respectively on water and air cooling were compared and evaluated. Based on the application of analytical models for the energy deposited by the beam, heat conduction and cooling concepts, a parametric study was performed. This approach allowed the identification of the “optimal” configuration for these two conceptual geometries and their relative comparison. Besides giving the theoretical guidelines for the design of the new dump, this work also contributes to the development of analytical tools to allow a better understanding of the influence of the several design parameters in this type of low-energy beam intercepting devices.

TUPPR075

Challenges for the Magnet System of LHeC

electron, quadrupole, linac, dipole

1996

S. Russenschuck, B.J. Holzer, G. Kirby, A. Milanese, R. Tomás, D. Tommasini, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The main challenges for the normal conducting magnet system are the very compact, low field, and high precision magnets for the ring-ring option and their rapid installation in the crowded LHC tunnel. The superconducting triplet magnets require strong gradients for the protons in close vicinity of a field-free region for the electrons. The field requirements for the ring-ring option allow a number of different magnet designs using the well-proven Nb-Ti superconductor technology and making use of the cable development for the LHC. The separation distance between the electron and proton beams in Q1 requires a half-aperture quadrupole design to limit the overall synchrotron radiation power emitted by the bending of the electron beam. The requirements in terms of aperture and field gradient are more difficult to obtain for the Linac-Ring option. Consequently we present the limitations for the field gradient and septum size achievable with both Nb-Ti and Nb3Sn superconducting technologies.

TUPPR079

Ion Polarization in the MEIC Figure-8 Ion Collider Ring

polarization, ion, resonance, collider

2008

V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, Y. Zhang
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
P. Chevtsov
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The nuclear physics program envisaged at the Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) currently being developed at the Jefferson Lab calls for collisions of 3-11 GeV/c longitudinally polarized electrons and 20-100 GeV/c, in equivalent proton momentum, longitudinally or transversely polarized light ions. In this paper, we present a scheme based on figure-8 shaped booster and collider rings that provides the required ion polarization arrangement in the MEIC's ion collider ring.
The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.

TUPPR086

Transport from the Recycler Ring to the Antiproton Source Beamlines

kicker, antiproton, booster, extraction

2026

M. Xiao
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

In the post-Nova era, the protons are directly transported from the Booster ring to the Recycler ring rather than the Main Injector. For Mu2e and g-2 project, the Debuncher ring will be modified into a Delivery ring to deliver the protons to both Mu2e and g-2 experiemnts. Therefore, It requires the transport of protons from the Recycler Ring to the Delivery ring. A new transfer line from the Recycler ring to the P1 beamline will be constructed to transport proton beam from the Recycler Ring to existing Antiproton Source beamlines. This new beamline provides a way to deliver 8 GeV kinetic energy protons from the Booster to the Delivery ring, via the Recycler, using existing beam transport lines, and without the need for new civil construction. This paper presents the Conceptual Design of this new beamline.

TUPPR091

Status of the 160 MeV H⁻ Injection into the CERN PSB

injection, emittance, vacuum, simulation

2041

W.J.M. Weterings, B. Balhan, E. Benedetto, J. Borburgh, C. Bracco, C. Carli, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, B. Mikulec, A. Newborough, R. Noulibos, J. Tan
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The 160 MeV H⁻ beam from the LINAC4 will be injected into the 4 superimposed rings of the PS Booster (PSB) with an new H⁻ charge-exchange injection system. This entails a massive upgrade of the injection region. The hardware requirements and constraints, the performance specifications and the design of the H⁻ injection region are described.

TUPPR094

SPS Transverse Beam Scraping and LHC Injection Losses

injection, emittance, luminosity, controls

2050

L.N. Drosdal, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, E. Veyrunes
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Machine protection sets strict requirements for the quality of the injected beam, in particular in the transverse plane. Losses at aperture restrictions and protection elements have to be kept at a minimum. Particles in the beam tails are lost at the tight transfer line collimators and can trigger the LHC beam abort system. These particles have to be removed by scrapers in the vertical and horizontal plane in the SPS. Scraping has become vital for high intensity LHC operation. This paper shows the dependence of injection quality on the SPS scraping and discusses an improved scraper setting up strategy for better reproducibility with the current scraper system.

TUPPR096

Angular Alignment of the LHC Injection Protection Stopper

injection, alignment, kicker, beam-losses

2056

C. Bracco, R.W. Assmann, W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, V. Kain, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Machine safety depends critically on the correct setup of the protection elements. One of the injection protection collimators is constituted by exceptionally long jaws (4 m). For this element, an angular offset of the jaws could affect significantly the measured beam size and, as a consequence, the correct setup with respect to the beam. Dedicated studies and cross-calibrations have been performed to quantify the effect of tilts and offsets on the setup of this collimator and to check the provided passive protection.

WEXA01

The High Intensity Horizon at Fermilab

collider, kaon, superconducting-RF, linac

2065

R.S. Tschirhart
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Fermilab’s high intensity horizon is “Project-X” which is a US led initiative with strong international participation that aims to realize a next generation proton source that will dramatically extend the reach of Intensity Frontier research. The Project-X research program includes world leading sensitivity in long-baseline and short-baseline neutrino experiments, a rich program of ultra-rare muon and kaon decays, opportunities for next-generation electric dipole moment experiments and other nuclear/particle physics probes, and a platform to investigate technologies for next generation energy applications. A wide range of R&D activities has been started to support mission critical accelerator subsystems, such as high-gradient superconducting RF accelerating structures, efficient RF power systems, cryo-modules and cryogenic refrigeration plants, advanced beam diagnostics and instrumentation, high-power targetry, as well as the related infrastructure and civil construction preparing for a construction start as early as 2017. The status and prospects of developing the accelerator design, research program, and associated collaborations will be presented.
* The Project X program spans several Sub Classifications: A08, A14 A17, A21, A28.

Slides WEXA01 [9.216 MB]

WEXA02

Development of Electron Coolers in Novosibirsk

electron, ion, gun, acceleration

2068

V.V. Parkhomchuk
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
S. Nagaitsev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

An electron cooling method was proposed by G. Budker aproximately 50 years ago. Since the first demonstrations of strong cooling in 1972, the Novosibirsk Institute of Nuclear Physics has continued to develop this technique for various machines with increasingly higher energy beams. Recent application of the e-cooling method at LEIR appeared as a crucial application for a high luminosity achieved in lead-lead ion beam collisions at LHC. This talk should describe the fundamental mechanism of strong cooling, describe historical progress at the BINP and present recent results achieved at the LHC. New 2MeV cooler for COSY ring under commissioning just now at BINP.

Slides WEXA02 [7.872 MB]

WEXB02

Diagnostics for High Power Targets and Dumps

target, diagnostics, radiation, vacuum

2096

E. Gschwendtner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

High power targets and dumps are generally used for neutrino, antiproton, neutron and secondary beam production, or in waste management using intense beams. In order to guarantee an optimized and safe use of these targets and dumps, reliable instrumentation is needed; the diagnostics in high power beams around targets and dumps is reviewed. The suite of beam diagnostic devices used in such extreme environments is discussed, including their role in commissioning and operation. The handling and maintenance of the instrumentation components in high radiation areas will be addressed.

Slides WEXB02 [13.010 MB]

WEOBA01

Construction Progress of the RHIC Electron Lenses

electron, solenoid, gun, dipole

2125

W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, M. Anerella, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, W.C. Dawson, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, L.T. Hoff, A.K. Jain, R.F. Lambiase, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marone, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, M. Okamura, A.I. Pikin, S.R. Plate, D. Raparia, Y. Tan, C. Theisen, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, P. Wanderer, S.M. White, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In polarized proton operation, the RHIC performance is limited by the head-on beam-beam effect. To overcome these limitations two electron lenses are under construction. We give an overview of the progress over the last year. Guns, collectors and the warm electron beam transport solenoids with their associated power supplies have been constructed. The superconducting solenoids that guide the electron beam during the interaction with the proton beam are near completion. A test stand has been set up to verify the performance of gun, collector and some of the instrumentation. The RHIC infrastructure is being prepared for installation, and simulations continue to optimize the performance.

Slides WEOBA01 [7.672 MB]

WEOBA02

Tevatron End-of-Run Beam Physics Experiments

antiproton, emittance, dipole, luminosity

2128

A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
X. Gu, R. Miyamoto, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
F. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC operates Fermilab under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. This work was partially supported by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
Before the Tevatron collider Run II ended in September of 2011, a two-week period was devoted to the experiments on various aspects of beam-beam interactions. The studied topics included offset collisions, coherent beam stability, effect of the bunch-length-to-beta-function ratio, and operation of AC dipole with colliding beams. In this report we summarize the results of beam experiments and supporting simulations.

Slides WEOBA02 [1.382 MB]

WEIC02

Future Medical Accelerator

neutron, target, radiation, controls

2152

K. Yasuoka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan

In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.

Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEIC06

Accelerator R&D: Research for Science - Science for Society

laser, acceleration, hadron, emittance

2161

N.R. Holtkamp
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
L. Boeh, J.E. Clayton, G. Zdasiuk
VMS GTC, Palo Alto, California, USA
S.A. Gourlay, M.S. Zisman
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
R.W. Hamm
R&M Technical Enterprises, Pleasanton, California, USA
S. Henderson
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
L. Merminga
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
S. Ozaki
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
F.C. Pilat
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M. White
ANL, Argonne, USA

In September 2011 the US Senate Appropriations Committee requested a ten-year strategic plan from the Department of Energy (DOE) that would describe how accelerator R&D today could advance applications directly relevant to society. Based on the 2009 workshop "Accelerators for America’s Future" an assessment was made on how accelerator technology developed by the nation’s laboratories and universities could directly translate into a competitive strength for industrial partners and a variety of government agencies in the research, defense and national security sectors. The Office of High Energy Physics, traditionally the steward for advanced accelerator R&D within DOE, commissioned a task force under its auspices to generate and compile ideas on how best to implement strategies that would help fulfill the needs of industry and other agencies, while maintaining focus on its core mission of fundamental science investigation.

Slides WEIC06 [3.678 MB]

WEPPC008

FNAL Project X Conical Half-Wave Resonator Design

cavity, simulation, cryomodule, resonance

2221

E.N. Zaplatin
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
A. Kanareykin
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the DOE SBIR Program, contract # DE-SC0006302.
A high-intensity proton accelerator complex proposed at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Project X) should provide beam for a variety of physics projects. The superconducting resonators of different types will be used as accelerating structures. Here we describe the design of conical Half-Wave Resonator that is considered as an option for a first accelerating cavity for β=v/c=0.11 with the resonance frequency 162.5 MHz. A careful study of the fields in the cavity has been carried out in order to optimize the electromagnetic parameters of the structure (peak fields, quality factor, dissipation power). An intensive investigations were provided of the liquid helium vessel design to minimize cavity frequency shifts from the external loads. Different tuning schemes have been studied to secure a frequency tuning range to cope with fabrication tolerances. The paper reports results of numerical simulations of the cavity shape optimization and structural analyses. The detailed developments of the structure using numerical coupled analyses allowed to minimize the level of expected microphonics in cavity.

WEPPC017

Design of a High-Speed Pulsed 324MHz Solid-State Amplifier for Use in a Beam Chopper

resonance, impedance, insertion, feedback

2242

S.C. Dillon, B.S. Nobel, C.P. Schach
Tomco Technologies, Stepney, South Australia, Australia

A 324MHz 30kW high-speed pulsed solid-state amplifier has been designed for use in a beam chopper at the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC). This paper discusses the various design challenges and presents the initial performance test results. In particular, the amplifier achieves pulse rise and fall times of less than 15 nanoseconds, is easily upgradeable in power, and withstands 100% power reflection without damage.

WEPPC022

Elliptical SRF Cavity Design for PEFP Extension

cavity, linac, SRF, coupling

2251

H.S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
To increase the beam energy up to 1 GeV by extending a PEFP 100-MeV proton linac, a study on the superconducting RF linac is underway. SRF technology is chosen due to its operational flexibility and lower beam loss, as well as its high accelerating performance and low operating cost. Preliminary study on the beam dynamics shows that two types of cavity with geometrical beta of 0.50 and 0.74 can cover the entire energy range from 100 MeV to 1 GeV. Assuming the achievable peak surface electric field to be 30 MV/m and 35 MV/m for medium and high beta cavity, respectively, we designed the six-cell elliptical cavities by optimizing the cavity parameters such as peak field ratio, inter-cell coupling and r/Q through the geometrical parameter sweep. The details of the SRF cavity design for PEFP extension will be presented.

WEPPC029

Design and Development of an Octopus Thermometric System for the 704 MHz Single-cell SPL Cavity at CERN

cavity, LabView, SRF, factory

2266

K.C. Liao, L. Arnaudon, O. Brunner, E. Ciapala, D.C. Glenat, W. Weingarten
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The octopus thermometric system is designed for the 704 MHz superconducting proton linac (SPL) cavity to detect hot spots and X-rays caused by normal conducting defects and the impact of emission electrons. This system features an octopus body and tentacle structure for good contact with the cavity and easy assembly, a multiplexing circuit with integrated microprocessor for efficient readout and a high density temperature sensor arrangement in order to complete a high resolution temperature and X-ray map. The first prototype is being manufactured and investigations are undergoing for further development.

Poster WEPPC029 [1.715 MB]

WEPPC045

Optimization of the Geometric Beta for the SSR2 Cavities of the Project X

cavity, linac, cryomodule, factory

2312

P. Berrutti, M.H. Awida, I.V. Gonin, N. Solyak, A. Vostrikov, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Project X based on the 3 GeV CW superconducting Linac and is currently in the R&D phase. The cw SC Linac starts from a low-energy SCRF section (2.1 - 165 MeV) containing three different types of resonators. HWR f=162.5 MHz (2.1 - 11 MeV) having β= 0.11, SSR1 f= 325 MHz (11 - 35 MeV) having β = 0.21. In this paper we present the analysis that lead to the final design of SSR2 f=325 MHz cavity (35 - 165 MeV). We present the results of optimization of the geometric beta and the comparison between single, double and triple spoke resonators used in Project X frontend.

WEPPC060

A High-power 650 MHz CW Magnetron Transmitter for Intensity Frontier Superconducting Accelerators

controls, LLRF, linac, injection

2351

G.M. Kazakevich, G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, F. Marhauser, M.L. Neubauer
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
B. Chase, S. Nagaitsev, R.J. Pasquinelli, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
T.A. Treado
CPI, Beverley, Massachusetts, USA

A concept of a 650 MHz CW magnetron transmitter with fast control in phase and power, based on two-stage injection-locked CW magnetrons, has been proposed to drive Superconducting Cavities (SC) for intensity-frontier accelerators. The concept is based on a theoretical model considering a magnetron as a forced oscillator and experimentally verified with a 2.5 MW pulsed magnetron. To fulfill fast control of phase and output power requirements of SC accelerators, both two-stage injection-locked CW magnetrons are combined with a 3-dB hybrid. Fast control in output power is achieved by varying the input phase of one of the magnetrons. For output power up to 250 kW we expect the output/input power ratio to be about 35 to 40 dB in CW or quasi-CW mode with long pulse duration. All magnetrons of the transmitter should be based on commercially available models to decrease the cost of the system. An experimental model using 1 kW, CW, S-band, injection-locked magnetrons with a 3-dB hybrid combiner has been developed and built for study. A description of the model, simulations, and experimental results are presented and discussed in this work.

WEPPD013

Status of the Vacuum System in J-PARC RCS

vacuum, ion, site, electron

2522

J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, M. Nishikawa, N. Ogiwara, T. Yanagibashi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In the vacuum system of J-PARC Rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), we use beam pipes and bellows whose materials are vacuum fired at 700~850 oC in order to eliminate atoms in their bulk who are origin of outgassing. Until now, beam power has been increased up to 300 kW. Pressure in synchrotron beam line increased when the high power beam was accelerated. However, increment of pressure has reduced during the continuous beam operation. It is because the molecules, which adsorb on surface of the wall of the vacuum chambers, desorb by an ion bombardment and a heat generation due to an eddy current. Because the atoms in the bulk is eliminated, desorption of the molecules, which adsorb on the surface, means the reduction of the outgassing from the wall. In this presentation, we will report the past situation of the vacuum system during the beam operation. In addition, we also show the status after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

WEPPD018

LHC Beam Vacuum During 2011 Machine Operation

vacuum, electron, kicker, injection

2534

G. Lanza, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, J.M. Jimenez
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the year 2011 the LHC operated for 682 fills, meaning 247 days and 2 hours of stable beam in total. From 368 bunches per beam at 150 ns bunch spacing circulating in the ring in December 2010, the 2011 proton physic ended with 1380 bunches per beam circulating with 50 ns bunch spacing. The machine performances increased in parallel with the vacuum improvement thanks to a well performed scrubbing run in April 2011 and a continuous conditioning of the beam pipes while the machine was running. The 2011 LHC operation ended with one month of ions physic runs. During the machine operation various phenomena of beam - vacuum interaction were detected, analyzed and solved. This paper describes the pressure behavior along the machine layout and mainly in specific components position like TDI and MKI. The “pressure spike” phenomena near the experiment CMS and in some Dipole 1 (D1) regions are discussed. Finally, results obtained during the 25 ns machine developments are presented.

WEPPD027

Global and Local Loss Suppression in the UA9 Crystal Collimation Experiment

collimation, ion, simulation, collider

2561

W. Scandale
LAL, Orsay, France
S. Montesano
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

UA9 was operated in the CERN-SPS for some years in view of investigating the feasibility of the halo collimation assisted by bent crystals. Two-millimeter-long silicon crystals, with bending angles of about 150 mirrored, are used as primary collimators. The crystal collimation process is obtained consistently through channeling with high efficiency. The loss profiles in the area of the crystal-collimator setup and in the downstream dispersion suppressor area show a steady reduction of slightly less than one order of magnitude at the onset of the channeling process. This result holds both for protons and for lead-ions. The corresponding loss map in the accelerator ring is accordingly reduced. These observations strongly support our expectation that the coherent deflection of the beam halo by a bent crystal should enhance the collimation efficiency in hadron colliders, such as LHC.
for the UA9 Collaboration

WEPPD028

Collimators and Materials for High Intensity Heavy Ion Synchrotrons

ion, heavy-ion, simulation, collimation

2564

J. Stadlmann, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, I. Strašík, N.A. Tahir, M. Tomut, C. Trautmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
L.H.J. Bozyk
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Funded by EU FP7 WP8 ColMat and Federal Republic of Germany
The operation of high power high brightness accelerators requires huge efforts for beam cleaning and machine protection. Within the WP 8 (ColMat)of the EU research framework EuCARD we investigate new materials and methods for beam collimation and machine protection. TWe present an overview of these activities at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerioneforschung in Darmstadt. Simulations of accidental beam losses in LHC and SIS100 have been performed. Scenarios for halo collimation of heavy ions and protons in SIS100 routine operation have been investigated. A prototype of a cryogenic collimator for charge exchange losses during intermediate charge state heavy ion operation in SIS100 has been build and tested with beam. Several candidates of advances composite materials for collimation system upgrades of present and construction of future high power accelerators have been irradiated and their properties are being characterized. Most deliverables and milestones of the R&D programm have already been reached before the end of the funding period. A summary of the obtained results will be presented.

WEPPD030

Concept for the Antiproton Production Target at FAIR

target, antiproton, synchrotron, radiation

2570

K. Knie, B. Franzke, V. Gostishchev, M. Steck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Sievers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We will report on the status of the antiproton production target for the FAIR facility. A Ni target will be bombarded by a pulsed beam of 29 GeV protons with an intensity of 2.5·10¹³ ppp and a repetition rate of 0.2 Hz. Directly after the target the antiprotons will be focussed by a magnetic horn. In the proceeding magnetic separator antiprotons with an energy of 3 GeV (± 3%) will be selected and transported to the antiproton collector ring. The planned setup of the target area, including radiation protection issues, will be presented,

WEPPD033

Design of 100 MeV Proton Beam Irradiation Facility for the PEFP 100 MeV Linac

target, radiation, linac, octupole

2579

S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will install a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at Gyeong-ju site. Two target rooms ( TR 103, TR 23) will be prepared in the beam commissioning stage for 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams, respectively. To design the irradiation equipment in TR 103, we have investigated general propagation shape and spatial distribution of proton beam by using Monte carlo method, when 100 MeV proton beam extracted from vacuum in the beam lines through beam window. On the basis of this result, we have designed beam irradiation components and their configuration. The beam irradiation facility consists of beam dump, support frame, sample support and beam current monitor. To minimize residual radioactivity induced by incident proton beam, the graphite was selected as the material of beam dump and the aluminum alloy was selected as material of other irradiation equipment. These residual radioactivity of equipment were estimated by Monte carlo method. In this paper, the details of this irradiation equipment design are presented.

WEPPD038

Mercury Handling for the Target System for a Muon Collider

target, shielding, collider, factory

2594

V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO.~DE-AC02-98CHI10886 and DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free-stream mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Design issues discussed in this paper include the nozzle, splash mitigation in the mercury pool, the mercury containment vessel, and the mercury recirculation system.

WEPPD051

Timing System for the PEFP 100-MeV Proton LINAC and Multipurpose Beamlines

linac, EPICS, diagnostics, controls

2633

Y.-G. Song, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the 21C frontier R&D program in the ministry of science and technology of the Korean government.
The PEFP 100-MeV Linac requires precision synchronization of timing trigger signals for various accelerator and diagnostic components. A timing event system is selected as the main timing system, which is operated based on an event distribution system and can be constructed with COTS hardware. This system broadcasts the precise timing information globally. This paper describes the architecture, construction and performance of the PEFP timing event system.

WEPPD059

Proton Acceleration by a Relativistic Laser Frequency-Chirp Driven Plasma Snowplow

laser, plasma, electron, acceleration

2654

A. A. Sahai, T.C. Katsouleas
Duke ECE, Durham, North Carolina, USA
R. Bingham
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
W.B. Mori, A. Tableman, F.S. Tsung, M. Tzoufras
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: NSF-PHY-0936278, NSF-PHY-0904039 and NSFPHY-0936266, US DOE DE-FC02-07ER41500 and DE-FG02-92ER40727, DOE Fusion Science Center through a University of Rochester Subcontract No. 415025-G.
We analyze the use of a relativistic laser pulse with a controlled frequency chirp incident on a rising plasma density gradient to drive an acceleration structure for proton and light ion acceleration. The Chirp Induced Transparency Acceleration (ChITA) scheme is described with an analytical model of the velocity of the snowplow at critical density on a pre-formed rising plasma density gradient that is driven by positive chirp in the frequency of a relativistic laser pulse. The velocity of the ChITA-snowplow is shown to depend upon rate of rise of the frequency of the relativistic laser pulse, the normalized magnetic vector potential of the laser pulse and the plasma density gradient scale-length. We observe using 1-D OSIRIS simulations the formation and forward propagation of ChITA-snowplow, being continuously pushed by the chirping laser at a velocity in accordance with the analytical results. The trace protons reflect off of this propagating snowplow structure and accelerate monoenergetically. The control over ChITA-snowplow velocity allows the tuning of accelerated proton energies.

WEPPD071

The FLUKA LineBuilder and Element DataBase: Tools for Building Complex Models of Accelerator Beam Lines

optics, simulation, injection, insertion

2687

A. Mereghetti
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
V. Boccone, F. Cerutti, R. Versaci, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Extended FLUKA models of accelerator beam lines can be extremely complex: heavy to manipulate, poorly versatile and prone to mismatched positioning. We developed a framework capable of creating the FLUKA model of an arbitrary portion of a given accelerator, starting from the optics configuration and a few other information provided by the user. The framework includes a builder (LineBuilder), an element database and a series of configuration and analysis scripts. The LineBuilder is a Python program aimed at dynamically assembling complex FLUKA models of accelerator beam lines: positions, magnetic fields and scorings are automatically set up, and geometry details such as apertures of collimators, tilting and misalignment of elements, beam pipes and tunnel geometries can be entered at user's will. The element database (FEDB) is a collection of detailed FLUKA geometry models of machine elements. This framework has been widely used for recent LHC and SPS beam-machine interaction studies at CERN, and led to a drastic reduction in the time otherwise required to rework old machine models, and to a coherent and traceable description of the inputs used for all the simulations.

WEPPD081

Optimization of AC Dipole Parameters for the Mu2e Extinction System

dipole, emittance, magnet-design, electron

2714

E. Prebys
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The Mu2e experiment is being planned at Fermilab to measure the rate for muons to convert to electrons in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented precision. This experiment uses an 8 GeV primary proton beam consisting of short (~200 nsec FW) bunches, separated by 1.7 μs. It is vital that out-of-bunch beam be suppressed at the level of 10^-10 or less. This poster describes the parametric analysis which was done to determine the optimum harmonics and magnet specifications for this system, as well as the implications for the beam line optics.

WEPPP011

Multi-Cavity Proton Cyclotron Accelerator: An Electron Counterpart

cavity, electron, cyclotron, acceleration

2744

M.A. LaPointe, S.V. Shchelkunov
Yale University, Beam Physics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
J.L. Hirshfield
Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, USA
V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics.
A multi-cavity multi-frequency proton cyclotron accelerator has been proposed. It would utilize cyclotron resonance in each of eight cavities of uniformly diminishing frequency in a uniform magnetic field to comprise a compact (25 m) 1 GeV proton accelerator, according to simulation results*. A four cavity electron counterpart is under construction to test the mechanism of the multi-cavity setup, including phase acceptance, energy gain, and growth of energy spread and emittance for parameters equivalent to the proton case. The four electron counterpart cavities are driven by kW-level phase coherent RF sources at 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 GHz. Each cavity operates in the rotating TE111 mode and includes two feeds in quadrature to drive the rotating mode and two RF pickoffs for diagnostics. The electron beam source is a low-current gun with a BaO cathode which operates at -1200V and <50 microamps. After traversing the cavities, the beam is collected on either a Faraday cup or is imaged with a phosphor screen. Details of the setup and initial results from experiments with the four cavity electron counterpart will be presented.
* M.A. LaPointe, V.P. Yakovlev, S.Yu. Kazakov, and J.L. Hirshfield, Proc. of PAC 2009, May 4-8,Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp.3045-3047 (2011).

WEPPP016

De-neutralization of Laser Produced Proton Pulse in a Strong Solenoidal Magnetic Field

electron, simulation, focusing, laser

2755

M. Droba, O.K. Kester, O. Meusel, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Laser generated proton pulses of ten to several ten MeV produced in PHELIX-laser facility at GSI Darmstadt poses some unique characteristics. The first systematic exploration of the interface between proton pulse generation via the TNSA mechanism and conventional accelerator technology is within the scope of the LIGHT (Laser Ion Generation, Handling and Transport) project. One of the main tasks is to study the beam dynamics in intense B-fields, especially in context of early de-neutralization and space charge effects. The 3D numerical simulations with co-moving electrons and up to 10⁷ macroparticles were performed to investigate the de-neutralization process in the focusing magnetic solenoid. Importance of the first focusing element and influence on beam parameters will be addressed. Results of the 3D simulation model will be presented and discussed.

WEPPP031

To the Possibility of Bound States between Two Electrons

electron, emittance, damping, positron

2792

A.A. Mikhailichenko
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA

We analyze the possibility to compress dynamically the polarized electron bunch so that the distance between some electrons in the bunch comes close to the Compton wavelength, arranging a bound state, as the attraction by the magnetic momentum-induced force at this distance dominates repulsion by the electrostatic force for the appropriately prepared orientation of the magnetic moments of the electron-electron pair. This electron pair behaves like a boson now, so the restriction for the minimal emittance of the beam becomes eliminated. Some properties of such degenerated electron gas represented also.

WEPPP037

Experimental Study of Self Modulation Instability of ATF Electron Beam

plasma, electron, simulation, wakefield

2807

Y. Fang
USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
M. Babzien, M.G. Fedurin, K. Kusche, R. Malone, V. Yakimenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
W.B. Mori
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany
L.O. Silva, J. Vieira
Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal

Funding: US. Department of Energy.
We demonstrate experimentally for the first time the self-modulation of a relativistic electron bunch in a plasma. This demonstration serves as a proof-of-principle test for the mechanisms of transverse self-modulation of particle bunches in plasmas. It indicates the possibility of using long electron or proton bunches as drivers for plasma based accelerators. The long (~5ps) bunch available at BNL-ATF is used in this experiment and in the particle-in-cell OSIRIS. We use the 2D version for cylindrically symmetric geometries. The energy of the beam particles is measured after the plasma exit in the experiment. The obvious energy gain and loss by electrons indicates the excitation of longitudinal wakefields, and hence of transverse focusing fields. Both simulations and experiments show that the electron beamlets are formed at the scale of the plasma wavelength, and the number of beamlets changes as the plasma density is varied. We also measured the variation in beam transverse size downstream from the plasma as well as the variations in coherent transition radiation energy to demonstrate the effect of transverse self–modulation.

WEPPP078

Status of the Mixed-signal Active Feedback Damper System for Controlling Electron-proton Instabilities for the Spallation Neutron Source

feedback, pick-up, damping, kicker

2894

Z.P. Xie, M.J. Schulte
UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
C. Deibele
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy
As the beam intensity at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is leveled up, it becomes necessary to have greater control over the electron-proton (e-p) instability. This paper presents an updated design of a mixed-signal transverse feedback system for active damping of the e-p instability. It describes the design, features and results of this feedback damper and reviews several experimental studies to understand the system performance and its limitations. The updated mixed-signal feedback damper system employs power amplifiers (PAs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), multiple field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips, and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to provide feedback damping and system monitoring. Unlike existing analog damping systems, FPGA-based feedback damping systems offer programmability while maintaining high performance. The system gain, delay and digital signal processing components can be programmed during the fly to perform timing adjustments, correct for ring harmonics, and equalize magnitude and phase dispersions.

WEPPP081

Fast Beam Tuning for Accelerator Driven Systems

controls, target, linac, laser

2897

S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli
Ohio State University, USA
A. Mukherjee
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The biggest challenge for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) is the stringent availability requirement of >99% compared to ~80% achieved by a typical accelerators. In addition to overall availability, due to thermal stress problems, ADS is also sensitive to the length of each downtime. A significant source of downtime is re-adjustment – “tuning” – of the system to account for drift in component behavior, or substitution of a backup device for one that failed. Tuning at present is done “by hand,” i.e. with human observation, interpretation, and decision, a process which takes hours; whereas ADS requires recovery in minutes. In this research, we apply intelligent controls in a (simulated) proton linac to automate fine-tuning. Beam monitor data is fed into a controller which adjusts magnet currents and RF power to minimize beam loss. We consider fluctuations in ion source characteristics; drift in magnet behavior (mechanical motion, or change in calibration); and failure of an accelerating cavity.

WEPPP084

Weighted SVD Algorithm for Close-Orbit Correction and 10 Hz Feedback in RHIC

feedback, electron, closed-orbit, ion

2906

C. Liu, R.L. Hulsart, A. Marusic, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Measurements of the beam position along an accelerator are typically treated equally using standard SVD-based orbit correction algorithms so distributing the residual errors, modulo the local beta function, equally at the measurement locations. However, sometimes a more stable orbit at select locations is desirable. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for weighting the beam position measurements to achieve a more stable local orbit. The results of its application to close-orbit correction and 10-Hz orbit feedback will be shown and analyzed.

WEPPP086

Positioning the 100MeV Linac and Magnets with Two Laser Trackers

linac, target, alignment, klystron

2912

B.-S. Park, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
Proton Engineering Frontier Project(PEFP) is developing a 100MeV high-duty-factor proton linac and 10 beam lines. The total length of PEFP linac is about 80m and each beam line is about 30m in length. The reference points were set up on the wall of the tunnel in the lst floor, the klystron gallery in the 2nd floor and the modulator gallery in the 3rd floor to built a survey network. Before the beam commissioning, the accelerator components and beam line magnets have been positioned within the tolerance limit by using two laser tracker systems. In this paper, the schemes for the alignment and the network survey are presented together with the results.

WEPPR002

Intensity Thresholds for Transverse Coherent Instabilities During Proton and Heavy-Ion Operation in SIS100

impedance, space-charge, synchrotron, simulation

2934

V. Kornilov, O. Boine-Frankenheim
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The SIS100 synchrotron is the central accelerator of the projected FAIR complex. It should deliver high intensity proton and heavy-ion beams to the different FAIR experiments. Coherent transverse instabilities are a potential intensity-limiting factor in SIS100. In this contribution we give a summary of the different transverse coherent effects in intense bunched beams that can be expected in the SIS100. Some of the main concerns are unstable head-tail modes, the transverse mode coupling instability, and the beam break-up instability. Space charge is an important effect that leads to Landau damping of the head-tail eigenmodes and modifies the transverse mode coupling. The growth times and thresholds for instabilities will be calculated on the basis of the present SIS100 impedance model whose main components are the resistive wall, the kickers, and the broad-band contribution. The corresponding experience from the CERN injector complex will be used for comparisons.

WEPPR005

Study of Electron Cloud Instability in Fermilab Main Injector

electron, injection, simulation, damping

2943

K. Ohmi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Electron cloud has been observed in Fermilab main injector. Electron signal is enhanced near the transition. The slippage factor which suppress instabilities approach to zero at the transition. Instabilities must be most serious near the transition. The instability caused by the electron cloud is an important issue for high intensity operation and the future toward Project-X. Simulations of electron cloud instability near the transition is presented.

WEPPR006

Serpentine Acceleration in Scaling FFAG

acceleration, closed-orbit, injection, betatron

2946

E. Yamakawa, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
K. Okabe, I. Sakai
University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui, Japan

A serpentine acceleration in scaling FFAG accelerator is examined. In this scheme, high-energy and high-current beam can be obtained in non-relativistic energy region. Longitudinal hamiltonian is derived analytically. Experiment to demonstrate a serpentine acceleration in scaling FFAG is done.

WEPPR012

Simulating High-Intensity Proton Beams in Nonlinear Lattices with PyORBIT

lattice, space-charge, resonance, simulation

2961

S.D. Webb, D.T. Abell, D.L. Bruhwiler, J.R. Cary
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
V.V. Danilov, A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
S. Nagaitsev, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

High-intensity proton linacs and storage rings are essential for a) state-of-the-art neutron source user facilities, b) extending the high-energy physics intensity frontier, c) as a driver to generate pions for a future neutrino factory or muon collider, and d) for transmutation of radioactive waste and associated energy production. For example, Project X at Fermilab will deliver MW proton beams at energies ranging from 3 to 120 GeV. Nonlinear magnetic lattices with large tune spreads and with integrable*, nearly integrable** and chaotic* dynamics have been proposed to maximize dynamic aperture and minimize particle loss. We present PyORBIT*** simulations of proton dynamics in such lattices, including the effects of transverse space charge.
* V. Danilov and S. Nagaitsev, PR ST-AB 13 084002 (2010)
** K. Sonnad and J. Cary, Phys. Rev. E 69 056501 (2004)
*** A. Shishlo, J. Holmes and T. Gorlov, From Proceedings of IPAC '09 351-354

WEPPR018

Beam Experiments towards High-intensity Beams in RHIC

injection, vacuum, cryogenics, radiation

2979

C. Montag, L. A. Ahrens, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, T. Hayes, H. Huang, K. Mernick, G. Robert-Demolaize, K.S. Smith, R. Than, P. Thieberger, K. Yip, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Proton bunch intensities in RHIC will be increased from 2*10¹¹ to 3*10¹¹ protons per bunch to increase the luminosity, together with head-on beam-beam compensation using electron lenses. To study the feasibility of the intensity increase, beam experiments are being performed. Recent experimental results will be presented.

WEPPR028

An Estimate of Out of Time Beam Upon Extraction for Mu2e

septum, extraction, scattering, background

2994

N.J. Evans, S.E. Kopp
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
E. Prebys
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: U.S. Dept. of Energy.
A bunched beam with specific structure is crucial to attaining the experimental sensitivity desired by the Mu2e collaboration. The final goal is a ratio of in-time to out-of-time beam, known as beam extinction, of 10^-10. An AC dipole system is in development to attain the final goal by sweeping out-of-time beam onto a collimation system, but it is still necessary to achieve something on the order of 10^-5 when beam is extracted from the Fermilab Debuncher ring to the experiment hall. Several sources of out-of-time beam in the Debuncher ring are analyzed, including: intrabeam scattering, RF noise, beam-gas interaction and scattering off of the extraction septum. Estimates are given for each source as well as a final estimate of total out-of-time beam expected upon extraction.

WEPPR047

The Effect of Non-Zero Closed Orbit on Electron-Cloud Pinch Dynamics

electron, quadrupole, dipole, simulation

3033

G. Franchetti
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A study on the pinch dynamics of electron cloud during a bunch passage under the effect of a single arbitrary-order multipole was presented at IPAC2011. The complexity of the pinch pattern is directly related to the order of the multipolar field. However, in a realistic situation, the proton beam will not be located in the center of the vacuum chamber. If the beam is offset a new pinch regime is encountered, where feed-down effects and asymmetry of pinch density render the dynamics more challenging. In this paper we discuss the pinch dynamics with orbit offset, including the resulting orbit variation along a bunch, and address their relevance for the incoherent effect of the electron cloud.

WEPPR050

Future Colliders Based on a Modulated Proton Bunch Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration

electron, plasma, collider, wakefield

3039

G.X. Xia, A. Caldwell
MPI-P, München, Germany
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany

Recent simulation shows that a self-modulated high energy proton bunch can excite large amplitude plasma wakefields and accelerate an external electron bunch to higher energies*. Based on this scheme, future colliders, either an electron-positron linear collider (e⁺e⁻ collider) or an electron-hadron collider (e.g. LHeC) can be conceived. In this paper, we discuss some key design issues for an e⁺e⁻ collider and a high energy LHeC collider, based on the existing infrastructure of the CERN accelerator complex.
* A. Caldwell, K. Lotov, Plasma wakefield acceleration with a modulated proton bunch, arXiv: 1105.1292 (2011).

WEPPR056

Reproduction of Ceramic Chamber Impedances with Electric and Magnetic Polarities of the Ceramics

impedance, dipole, vacuum, synchrotron

3051

Y. Shobuda, M. Kinsho
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In proton synchrotron, ceramic chambers are used as vacuum chambers to avoid the effect on magnetic fields from eddy current excited by the magnetic fields. One of the standard methods of the derivation of the impedances of the ceramic chamber is the field matching technique. In this report, we reproduce the formulae of the ceramic chamber impedance in terms of electric and magnetic polarities. When the beam passes through the chamber, the impedance is mainly excited by the electric polarity of the ceramic.

THXA02

Operation and Patient Treatments at CNAO Facility

ion, synchrotron, extraction, acceleration

3180

E. Bressi
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy

The CNAO (National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy) has been realized in Pavia. It is a clinical facility created and financed by the Italian Ministry of Health and conceived to supply hadrontherapy treatments to patients recruited all over the Country. A qualified network of clinical and research Institutes, the CNAO Collaboration, has been created to build and to run the centre. Three treatment rooms (three horizontal and one vertical) are installed. Beams of protons with kinetic energies up to 250 MeV and beams of carbon ions with maximum kinetic energy of 400 MeV/u are transported and delivered by active scanning systems. CNAO commissioning concerning the high technology started in 2009. First patient was treated with Proton beam in September 2011, the 22nd. This presentation presents the features of the system, together with the results of the first treatments.

Slides THXA02 [14.843 MB]

THYA03

Critical Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production

target, ion, ion-source, ISOL

3195

P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Minor, A. Mjøs, B. Moss, M. Nozar
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

This presentation should review the technology challenges and future directions in the production of high intensity RIBs, including the operation of targets/ion sources in high radiation environment, high efficiency charge stripping, and high reliability.

Slides THYA03 [5.010 MB]

THXB03

Beam and Spin Dynamics in an Electric Proton EDM Ring

lattice, dipole, storage-ring, quadrupole

3203

R.M. Talman
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York, USA
J. Talman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Electric dipole moment (EDM) measurements may help to answer the question ‘‘Why is there more matter than anti-matter in the present universe?'' For a charged baryon like the proton such a measurement is thinkable only in a ring in which a bunch of protons is stored for more than a few minutes, with polarization ‘‘frozen'' (relative to the beam velocity) and with polarization not attenuated by decoherence. Beam and spin dynamics in an all-electric lattice with these characteristics is described. Rings for other charged baryons, such as deuterons or helium-3 nuclei, are also possible but, requiring both electric and magnetic fields, they are more complicated.

Slides THXB03 [0.155 MB]

THEPPB011

Apparatus and Experimental Procedures to Test Crystal Collimation

collimation, alignment, instrumentation, ion

3254

S. Montesano
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W. Scandale
LAL, Orsay, France

UA9 is an experimental setup operated in the CERN-SPS in view of investigating the feasibility of halo collimation assisted by bent crystals. The UA9 collimation system is composed only of one crystal acting as primary halo deflector and one single absorber. Different crystals are tested in turn using two-arm goniometers with an angular reproducibility of better than 10 microrad. The performance of the system are assessed through the study of the secondary and tertiary halo in critical areas, by using standard machine instrumentation and few customized equipments. The alignment of the crystal is verified by measuring the loss rate close to the crystal position. The collimation efficiency is computed by intercepting the deflected halo with a massive collimator or with an imaging device installed into a Roman Pot. The leakage of the system is evaluated in the dispersion suppressor by means of movable aperture restrictions. In this contribution the setup and the experimental methods in use are revisited in a critical way and thoroughly discussed. Particular emphasis is given on feasibility, reproducibility and effectiveness of the operational procedures.
For the UA9 Collaboration

THPPC006

Status of the J-PARC Ring RF Systems

cavity, impedance, synchrotron, beam-loading

3281

M. Yoshii, E. Ezura, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, K. Takata, M. Toda
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Due to the 11th march earthquakes, J-PARC was forced to stop operation. The restoration is following the schedule so that J-PARC is restarted in December. Before the earthquake, we had considerable success in the 400 kW equivalent proton beam in the RCS. Multi-harmonic RF feedforward was established, which contributes to the reduction of beam loss and stable acceleration in RCS. The MR synchrotron achieved stable 150 kW beam operation for the T2K experiment. This summer, we installed two new RF systems in MR. Eight RF systems in total allow a more stable beam acceleration and flexible bunch shape manipulation. Also, we prepare the RF feedforward to compensate beam loading in MR. To achieve a beam power in excess of 1 MW in MR, it is considered to double the MR repetition rate. We developed an annealing scheme for large magnetic alloy cores while inside a DC B-field that results in higher core impedance, and have succeeded in producing large FT3L cores in this summer. With such cores we can almost double the accelerating voltage without re-designing the existing RF sources. For the near future, we plan to replace the existing RF cavities with upgraded cavities using the FT3L cores.

THPPC014

Commissioning Status of the 3 MeV RFQ for the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at Tsinghua University

rfq, vacuum, ion, status

3305

Q.Z. Xing, Y.J. Bai, D.T. Bin, J.C. Cai, C. Cheng, L. Du, Q. Du, C. Jiang, Q. Qiang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, Z.F. Xiong, S.Y. Yang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J.H. Billen
TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
X.L. Guan
Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Stovall
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
L.M. Young
AES, Medford, NY, USA

Funding: Work supported by the “985 Project” of the Ministry of Education of China.
We present, in this paper, the commissioning status of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator for the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at Tsinghua University. In 2012 the 3-meter-long RFQ will deliver 3 MeV protons to the downstream High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) with the peak current of 50 mA, pulse length of 0.5 ms and beam duty factor of 2.5%. Braze of the vanes was completed in September, 2011. The final field tuning of the whole cavity was completed in October, 2011. Initial commissioning will be underway at the beginning of 2012.

THPPC023

RF Loads for Energy Recovery

cavity, synchrotron, vacuum, coupling

3326

S. Federmann, M. Betz, F. Caspers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Different conceptional designs for RF high power loads are presented. One concept implies the use of solid state rectifier modules for direct RF to DC conversion with efficiencies beyond 80%. In addition, robust metallic low-Q resonant structures, capable of operating at high temperatures (>150 ̊C) are discussed. Another design deals with a very high temperature (up to 800 ̊C) air cooled load using a ceramic foam block inside a metal enclosure. This porous ceramic block is the actual microwave absorber and is not brazed to the metallic enclosure.

THPPC025

Improvements to ISIS RF Cavity Tuning

cavity, acceleration, controls, synchrotron

3332

R.J. Mathieson, D. Bayley, N.E. Farthing, I.S.K. Gardner, A. Seville
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK routinely accelerates proton beam currents in excess of 230 uA to run two neutron spallation target stations. The accelerator consists of a 70 MeV H⁻ linac and an 800 MeV, 50 Hz, proton synchrotron. The synchrotron beam is accelerated using six fundamental (h=2), and four second harmonic (h=4) ferrite loaded RF cavities each having its own drive amplifier and bias system. Each RF cavity is driven as a high Q tuned RF circuit; the resonant frequency being controlled by biasing the ferrite using a current from the bias regulator system. The cavity is kept at the correct resonant frequency by an analogue feedback loop comparing the phase of the cavity voltage to the phase of the demand voltage at the amplifier, and a 50Hz digital correction function calculated from the estimated frequency response of the system. This paper describes work improving the performance of the tuning system by introducing better system identification of the tuning loop and a time varying transfer function.

THPPC030

Multi-physics Analysis of the Fermilab Booster RF Cavity

cavity, booster, injection, extraction

3347

M.H. Awida, M.S. Champion, T.N. Khabiboulline, V.A. Lebedev, J. Reid, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. DOE
After about 40 years of operation the RF accelerating cavities in Fermilab Booster need an upgrade to improve their reliability and to increase the repetition rate in order to support a future experimental program. An increase in the repetition rate from 7 to 15 Hz entails increasing the power dissipation in the RF cavities, their ferrite loaded tuners, and HOM dampers. The increased duty factor requires careful modelling for the RF heating effects in the cavity. A multi-physic analysis investigating both the RF and thermal properties of Booster cavity under various operating conditions is presented in this paper.

THPPC050

Effects of Grids in Drift Tubes

beam-transport, impedance, linac, DTL

3401

M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
H. Yamauchi
Time Corporation, Hiroshima, Japan

In 2011, we upgraded a 200 MHz buncher in the proton injector for the AGS – RHIC complex. In the buncher we installed four grids made of tungsten to improve a transit time factor of the buncher. The grid installed drift tubes have 32 mm of inner diameter and the each grid consists of four quadrants. The quadrants were cut out precisely from 1mm thick tungsten plates by a CNC wire cutting EDM. In the conference the 3D electric field design and performance of the grid will be discussed.
Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.

THPPC075

Development of a Digital Low-level RF Control System for the p-Linac Test Stand at FAIR

controls, linac, cavity, low-level-rf

3461

M. Konrad, U. Bonnes, C. Burandt, R. Eichhorn, J. Enders, P.N. Nonn, N. Pietralla
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work supported by DFG through CRC 634 and by the BMBF under 06 DA 9024 I
A test stand for a proton Linac is currently built at GSI in the context of the FAIR project. Its low-level RF control system will be based on a system that has been developed for the S-DALINAC at TU Darmstadt operating at 3 GHz. This system converts the RF signal coming from the cavity down to the base band using a hardware I/Q demodulator. The base-band signals are digitized by ADCs and fed into an FPGA. A custom CPU implemented in the FPGA executes the control algorithm. The resulting signals are I/Q modulated before they are sent back to the cavity. The RF module has to be adapted to the p-LINAC's operating frequency of 325 MHz. Moreover, the p-LINAC will run in pulsed operation whereas the S-DALINAC is operated in CW mode. Different quality factors of the cavities and the pulsed operation require a redesign of the control algorithm. We will report on the modifications necessary to adapt the S-DALINAC's control system to the p-LINAC test stand and on first results obtained from tests with a prototype.

THPPD017

Mu2e AC Dipole 300 kHz and 5.1 MHz Tests and Comparison of Nickel-Zinc Ferrites

pick-up, dipole, impedance, target

3533

L. Elementi, K.R. Bourkland, D.J. Harding, V.S. Kashikhin, A.V. Makarov, H. Pfeffer, G. Velev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

To suppress any background events coming from the inter-bunch proton interactions during the muon transport and decay window for the Mu2e experiment, a beam extinction scheme based on two dipoles running at ~300 kHz and 5.1 MHz is considered. The effective field of these magnets is synchronized to the proton bunch spacing in such a way that the bunches are transported at the sinus nodes. Two types Ni-Zn ferrites are considered for these dipoles. Ferrites, their characteristics and ferrites selection is herein discussed through measurements performed under conditions close to operational. The excitation system and the measurement of some characteristics of the magnetic field and field shape and measurement mechanism are also presented.

THPPD044

Fabrication and Testing of Curved Test Coil for FRIB Fragment Separator Dipole

dipole, radiation, FEL, quadrupole

3611

S.A. Kahn
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
J. Escallier, R.C. Gupta, G. Jochen, Y. Shiroyanagi
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Supported in part by SBIR Grant 4746 · 11SC06273
A critical element of the fragment separator region of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is the 30° dipole bend magnet. Because this magnet will be subjected to extremely high radiation and heat loads, operation at 4.5 K would not be possible. High temperature superconductors which have been shown to be radiation resistant and can operated in the 30-50 K temperature range which is more effective for heat removal. An efficient design for this magnet would make use of coils that follow the curvature of the magnet. Winding curved coils with negative curvature are difficult as the coil tends to unwind during the process. As part of an R&D effort for this magnet we are winding a ¼ scale test coil for this magnet with YBCO conductor and are testing it at 77 K. This paper will discuss the winding process and the test results of this study.

THPPD049

Conceptual Design of a Superconducting Septum for FFAGs

septum, extraction, ion, simulation

3620

H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
M. Aslaninejad, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
K.J. Peach, T. Yokoi
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was supported by STFC grant ST/G008531/1 and EPSRC Grant EP/E032869/1.
The fixed magnetic field in FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) accelerators means that particles can be accelerated very rapidly. This makes them attractive candidates for many applications, for example for accelerating muons for a neutrino factory or for charged particle therapy (CPT). To benefit fully from this the particles have to be extracted at the same rate. In combination with the high magnetic rigidity of the particles this represents a significant challenge, especially where variable energy extraction is required, which implies extraction at variable radius. This paper presents a conceptual design of a 4T superconducting septum for the PAMELA accelerator, which is an FFAG for a combined proton/carbon ion therapy facility. The field in the septum is varied as a function of the horizontal position, which allows variable energy extraction without the need for sweeping of the magnetic field.

THPPD051

New Power Supply of the Injection Bump Magnet for Upgrading the Injection Energy in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS

power-supply, injection, superconductivity, linac

3626

T. Takayanagi, N. Hayashi, M. Kinsho, N. Tani, T. Togashi, T. Ueno
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

With the energy upgrading of LINAC (Linear accelerator) to 400 MeV in the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), a new power supply of the injection bump magnet has been designed for the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron). The new power supply is composed with the capacitor bank which has function to form the output current pattern. This power supply is a commutation strategy using the electrical charge and discharge of the capacitor, and the frequency of the switch that becomes the source of the noise is a little. Comparing to the conventional switching-type power supply, this power supply is switched only twice for the pattern formation. Thus, the ripple due to the switching can be expected to be much lower. The 1/16 scale model was manufactured and the characteristics was evaluated. This paper summarizes the design parameter and the experimental result of the new power supply.

THPPD056

Performance of the Crowbar of the LHC High Power RF System

klystron, high-voltage, power-supply, controls

3641

G. Ravida, O. Brunner, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During operation, the LHC high power RF equipment such as klystrons, circulators, waveguides and couplers have to be protected from damage caused by electromagnetic discharges. Once ignited, these arcs grow over the full height of the waveguide and travel towards the RF source. The burning plasma can cause serious damage to the metal surfaces or ferrite materials. The "crowbar" protection system consists of an arc current detector coupled with a fast high voltage switch in order to rapidly discharge the main high voltage components such as cables and capacitors and to shut down the high voltage source. The existing protection system, which uses a thyratron for grounding the high voltage circuit, has been installed in the LHC about 20 years ago. The problem of "faulty shots" appears due to the higher energy of LHC compared to LEP, which may lead to unnecessary stops of the LHC due to the crowbar system. This paper presents two approaches under consideration to improve the thyratron’s performance and to use a solid state thyristor in high energy environment. The main objectives will be dissipate as little energy as possible in the arc and avoid "faulty shots".

Poster THPPD056 [0.703 MB]

THPPP004

Design and Test of Injection Kicker Magnets for the JPARC Main Ring

kicker, impedance, coupling, injection

3728

K. Fan, S. Fukuoka, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, H. Someya, T. Sugimoto, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The present injection kicker magnets of the JPARC main ring consists of three transmission type kickers. To overcome the operational problems, four lumped inductance kicker magnets have been developed for the simplicity and the high reliability. The tight requirements on the rise and fall time create difficulties for the new design. Magnetic field measurements, coupling impedance measurements and have been carried out. The measurement results show that the new kicker magnets can satisfy the requirements of beam injection.

THPPP006

Radiation Damage to Electronics at the LHC

radiation, shielding, hadron, luminosity

3734

M. Brugger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Control systems installed in LHC underground areas using COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) components are all affected by the risk of ‘Single Event Effects.’ In the LHC tunnel, in addition, cumulative dose effects have also to be considered. While for the tunnel equipment certain radiation tolerant design criteria were already taken into account during the LHC construction phase, most of the equipment placed in adjacent and partly shielded areas was not conceived nor tested for their current radiation environment. Given the large amount of electronics being installed in these areas, a CERN wide project called R2E (Radiation To Electronics) has been initiated to quantify the risk of radiation-induced failures and to mitigate the risk for nominal beams and beyond to below one failure a week. This paper summarizes the analysis and mitigation approach chosen for the LHC, presents the encountered difficulties and the obtained experience in the following aspects: radiation fields & related calculations, monitoring and benchmarking; commercial equipment/systems and their use in the LHC radiation fields; radiation tests with dedicated test areas and facilities*.
* Work presented on behalf of the CERN ’Radiation to Electronics (R2E) Mitigation Project’ and the ‘Radiation Working Group (RadWG)’

THPPP007

Proton-Beam Emittance Growth in SPS Coasts

emittance, cavity, vacuum, simulation

3737

R. Calaga, L. Ficcadenti, E. Métral, R. Tomás, J. Tückmantel, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work partially supported by the US Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
Proton-beam transverse emittance growth rates have been measured during SPS coasts to assess the possibility of using the SPS as a testbed for the LHC prototype crab cavities. The SPS measurements in coasts were performed at different beam energies, for varying RF voltage, beam intensity, and chromaticity. Results from these measurements are presented with potential explanations for the observed emittance growth.

THPPP012

Performance of the CERN Heavy Ion Production Complex

ion, target, injection, luminosity

3752

D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, S. Maury, M. O'Neil, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The second LHC ion run took place at 1.38 A TeV/c per beam in autumn 2011; more than 100 inverse microbarns was accumulated by each of the experiments. In addition, the LHC injector chain delivered primary Pb and secondary Be ion beams to fixed target experiments in the North Area. This paper presents the current performance of the heavy ion production complex, and prospects to further improve it in the near future.

THPPP014

Design Parameters of a High-Power Proton Synchrotron for Neutrino Beams at Cern

linac, space-charge, synchrotron, injection

3755

Y. Papaphilippou, M. Benedikt, I. Efthymiopoulos, F. Gerigk, R. Steerenberg
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Design studies have been initiated at CERN for exploring the prospects of future high-power proton beams for producing neutrinos within the LAGUNA-LBNO project. These studies include a possible increase of the SPS beam power from 500kW to 700kW for a new conventional neutrino beam line based on the CNGS technology, and at a second stage a 2~MW High-Power Proton Synchrotron (HP-PS) using the Low Power Superconducting Proton Linac (LP-SPL) as injector. A low energy 5GeV-4MW neutrino super-beam alternative based on a high-power version of SPL is also considered. This paper concentrates on the HP-PS by exploring the parameter space and constraints regarding beam characteristics, machine hardware and layout, for reaching the 2~MW average beam power.

THPPP016

Upgrade Strategies for the Proton Synchrotron Booster Dump at CERN

booster, extraction, cavity, synchrotron

3761

A. Sarrió Martínez, F. Loprete, C. Maglioni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN’s LHC Injection chain Upgrade (LIU) involves a revision of the Proton Synchrotron Booster dump, which was designed in the 1960’s to cope with beam energies reaching 800 MeV and intensities of 10⁺¹³ particles per pulse. Thermo-mechanical studies highlighted the need for an upgrade of the dump, so that it is capable of withstanding energies in the order of 2 GeV and intensities up to 10⁺¹⁴ particles per pulse. This paper proposes a new design of the dump in the light of various constraints and choices such as the geometry, materials and the integration of the required cooling system. Further topics discussed include the strategy for dismantling the old device, which has been continuously irradiated for almost 40 years and presents a difficult access. Therefore, a detailed ALARA procedure is being prepared in order to carry out the upgrade works in the area.

THPPP020

Project X with Superconducting Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

synchrotron, extraction, beam-losses, FEL

3773

H. Piekarz
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

A synchrotron-based upgrade of Fermilab accelerator complex for high intensity physics with Project X is described. It consists of: 1 GeV pulse linac, 1-8 GeV superconducting rapid cycling synchrotron (SRCS), dual 8 GeV storage ring (SR1,2), and 60 GeV Main Injector(MI). Pulse linac and SRCS operate at 10 Hz while SR1, SR2, and MI operate at 1.33 Hz. SR1 stores 3 and SR2 4 SRCS pulses making physics cycle 0.7 s. SR1 batch is extracted in 0.5 s at 3 locations of its ring providing beams to kaon and 2 muon experiments. SR2 batch is transferred to MI, accelerated to 60 GeV, and extracted to 3 neutrino production targets for Minos, Nova, and LBNE experiments. Main synchrotron parameters are listed and magnet systems described. Projected beam power is compared to expectations with linac-only based upgrade as well as with current and planned similar accelerator facilities elsewhere.

THPPP021

6 Batch Injection and Slipped Beam Tune Measurements in Fermilab’s Main Injector

injection, booster, coupling, target

3776

D.J. Scott, D. Capista, I. Kourbanis, K. Seiya, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

During Nova operations it is planned to run the Fermilab Recycler in a 12 batch slip stacking mode. In preparation for this, measurements of the tune during a six batch injection and then as the beam is slipped by changing the RF frequency, but without a 7th injection, have been carried out in the Main Injector. The coherent tune shifts due to the changing beam intensity were measured and compared well with the theoretically expected tune shift. The tune shifts due to changing RF frequency, required for slip stacking, also compare well with the linear theory, although some nonlinear affects are apparent at large frequency changes. These results give us confidence that the expected tunes shifts during 12 batch slip stacking Recycler operations can be accommodated.

THPPP024

Alignment and Aperture Scan at the Fermilab Booster

booster, injection, alignment, lattice

3785

K. Seiya, J.R. Lackey, W.L. Marsh, W. Pellico, D.A. Still, A.K. Triplett, A.M. Waller
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The Fermilab booster has an intensity upgrade plan called the Proton Improvement plan (PIP). The flux throughput goal is 2·10¹⁷ protons/hour, which is almost double the current operation at 1.10¹⁷ protons/hour. The beam loss in the machine is going to be the source of issues. The booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV and extracts to the Main Injector. Several percent of the beam is lost within 3 msec after the injection. The aperture at injection energy was measured and compared with the survey data. The magnets are going to be realigned in March 2012 in order to increase the aperture. The beam studies, analysis of the scan and alignment data, and the result of the magnet moves will be discussed in this paper.

THPPP026

Experimental Effects of Orbit on Polarization Loss in RHIC

resonance, polarization, acceleration, injection

3788

V.H. Ranjbar
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
M. Bai, H. Huang, A. Marusic, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We are performing several experiments during the RHIC ramp to better understand the impact of orbit errors on the polarization at our current working point. These will be conducted by exciting specified orbit harmonics during the final two large intrinsic resonance crossing in RHIC during the 250 GeV polarized proton ramp. The resultant polarization response will then be measured.

THPPP029

Simultaneous Global Coupling and Vertical Dispersion Correction in RHIC

coupling, quadrupole, polarization, heavy-ion

3794

C. Liu, Y. Luo, M.G. Minty
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Residual vertical dispersion on the order of ±0.2 m (peak to peak) has been measured at store energies for both polarized proton and heavy ion beams. The hypothesis is that this may have impact on the polarization transmission efficiency during the energy ramp, the beam lifetimes, and, especially for heavy ions, the dynamics aperture. An algorithm to correct global coupling and dispersion simultaneously using skew quads was developed for RHIC. Simulation results together with the measured coupling and dispersion functions before and after correction will be shown for both injection and store together with an assessment of overall collider performance improvement.

THPPP033

New Developments for the Present and Future GSI Linacs

linac, ion, cavity, emittance

3806

L. Groening, W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, V. Gettmann, B. Schlitt
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, S. Mickat
HIM, Mainz, Germany
F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, C. Xiao
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

For more than three decades, GSI has successfully operated the Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC), providing ions from protons to uranium at energies from 3 to 11 MeV/u. The UNILAC will serve for a comparable period as injector for the upcoming FAIR facility which will ask for short pulses of high peak currents of heavy ions. The UNILAC Alvarez-type DTL has been in operation since the earliest days of the machine, and it needs to be replaced to assure reliable operation for FAIR. This new DTL will serve the needs of FAIR, while demands of high duty cycles of moderate currents of intermediate-mass ions will be met by construction of a dedicated superconducting cw-linac. FAIR requires additionally provision of primary protons for its pbar physics program. A dedicated proton linac is under design for that task. The contribution will present the future linacs to be operated at GSI. Finally we introduce a novel method to provide flat ion beams for injection into machines having flat injection acceptances.

THPPP036

First Measurements of an Coupled CH Power Cavity for the FAIR Proton Injector

cavity, linac, coupling, DTL

3812

R. M. Brodhage, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
G. Clemente, L. Groening
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

For the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector is required. The main acceleration of this room temperature linac will be provided by six CH cavities operated at 325 MHz. Each cavity will be powered by a 2.5 MW klystron. For the second acceleration unit from 11.5 MeV to 24.2 MeV a 1:2 scaled model has been built. Low level RF measurements have been performed to determine the main parameters and to prove the concept of coupled CH cavities. For this second tank technical and mechanical investigations have been performed to develop a complete technical concept for manufacturing. In Spring 2011, the construction of the first power prototype has started. The main components of this cavity were ready for measurements in fall 2011. At that time, the cavity was tested with a preliminary aluminum drift tube structure, which will allow precise frequency and field tuning. This paper will report on the recent technical developments and achievements. It will outline the main tuning and commissioning steps towards that novel type of proton DTL and it will show very promising results of the latest measurements.

THPPP043

Installation of 100-MeV Proton Linac for PEFP

linac, DTL, klystron, site

3832

Y.-S. Cho, S. Cha, J.S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) is developing a 100-MeV proton linac in order to supply 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams to users for proton beam application. The linac consists of a 50-keV injector, a 3-MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a 100-MeV drift tube linac (DTL). The operation of the 20-MeV part of linac at Daejeon site was finished on November 2011. It was disassembled and moved to the Gyeongju site for installation as a low energy part of the linac. We completed the fabrication and test of the accelerating structures. The installation of the proton linac started in December 2011 at the new project site. The user service is scheduled for 2013 through the beam commissioning in 2012. This work summarized the installation status of the proton linac.

THPPP044

RF Set-up Scheme for PEFP DTL

DTL, linac, rfq, simulation

3835

J.-H. Jang, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The proton engineering frontier project (PEFP) is developing a 100-MeV proton linac which consists of a 50 keV injector, a 3-MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a 100-MeV drift tube linac (DTL). The installation of the linac was started in December 2011. The beam commissioning is scheduled for 2012. The phase scan signature method is a common technique to determine the rf set point including the amplitude and phase in DTL tanks. This work summarized the rf set-up scheme for PEFP DTL tanks by using the phase scan signature method.

THPPP045

Five Year Operation of the 20-MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI

linac, ion-source, site, ion

3838

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
A 20-MeV proton linear accelerator has been operating since 2007 by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon site. The performance test of the accelerator itself has been done with limited operating conditions. In addition, the 20-MeV accelerator was used as a test bench of the 100-MeV accelerator components. Besides the machine study itself, it supplied proton beams to more than 1600 samples for users. The 20-MeV accelerator was disassembled at the end of 2011 and will be installed at Gyeong-Ju site as an injector for the 100-MeV linac in 2012. In this paper, the 5 year operation experiences of the 20-MeV linac at Daejeon site are summarized and the technical issues are discussed.

THPPP062

The Six-Cavity Test - Demonstrated Acceleration of Beam with Multiple RF Cavities and a Single Klystron

cavity, controls, rfq, klystron

3877

J. Steimel, J.-P. Carneiro, B. Chase, S. Chaurize, E. Cullerton, B.M. Hanna, R.L. Madrak, R.J. Pasquinelli, L.R. Prost, L. Ristori, V.E. Scarpine, P. Varghese, R.C. Webber, D. Wildman
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) ‘Six-Cavity Test’ has demonstrated the use of high power RF vector modulators to control multiple RF cavities driven by a single high power klystron to accelerate a non-relativistic beam. Installation of 6 cavities in the existing HINS beamline has been completed and beam measurements have started. We present data showing the energy stability of the 7 mA proton beam accelerated through the six cavities from 2.5 MeV to 3.4 MeV.

THPPP074

Chopping High Intensity Proton Beams Using a Pulsed Wien Filter

focusing, dipole, beam-transport, emittance

3907

C. Wiesner, L.P. Chau, H. Dinter, M. Droba, O. Meusel, I. Müller, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Chopping high intensity beams at low energies poses substantial challenges. A novel ExB chopper system for proton beams of up to 200 mA at energies of 120 keV is being developed for the accelerator driven neutron source FRANZ*. It uses a Wien filter-type ExB configuration consisting of a static magnetic deflection field and a pulsed electric compensation field to deliver 100 ns beam pulses. The setup minimizes the risk of voltage breakdowns and provides secure beam dumping outside the transport line. In order to prevent beam aberrations and emittance growth careful matching of electric and magnetic deflection forces is required. Detailed numerical studies for the field design and their effects on beam transport were conducted. An H-type dipole magnet with special transverse and longitudinal pole contours was manufactured and combined with shielding tubes to shape the magnetic field. The electric field is driven by a HV pulse generator providing ±6 kV at a repetition rate of 250 kHz. Accurate layout of the deflector plates is required in order to tackle the issues of field quality, cooling and spark prevention. Transport simulations and beam deflection experiments are presented.
* U. Ratzinger et al., "The Driver Linac of the Neutron Source FRANZ," Proc. of IPAC2011, WEPS040, P. 2577 (2011).

THPPP077

Status of the SPES Project: a Neutron Rich ISOL Facility for Re-accelerated RIBs

target, ISOL, neutron, cyclotron

3913

L.A.C. Piazza, A. Andrighetto, G. Bisoffi, P. Favaron, F. Gramegna, A. Lombardi, G.P. Prete, D. Zafiropoulos
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project with the aim to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES Project is under realization at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories site. The SPES Project main goal is to provide a production and accelerator system of exotic beams to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability. The SPES Project is concentrating on the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with mass in the range 80-160. The final energy of the radioactive beams on target will range from few MeV/u up to 11 MeV/u for A=130. The SPES acceleration system will be presented, together with the facility realization status.

THPPP079

Status of J-PARC Main Ring After Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake Damage

extraction, kicker, injection, status

3915

T. Koseki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The J-PARC facility was heavily damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. For the Main Ring synchrotron (MR), a few tens of cracks were found in the tunnel and many of them leaked groundwater. Displacements of magnet positions after the earthquake were larger than ±15 mm in horizontal and ±5 mm in vertical. Re-alignment of all the magnets and monitors in the MR were carried out in the autumn 2011. Accelerator study and users operation are plan to resume in December 2011 and January 2012, respectively. During the long shutdown period from March to December of 2011, we made work not only for the recovery from the earthquake damages but also for improvements to increase beam power as follows; replacement of injection kickers, upgrade of the ring collimator section, installation of a new collimator system in the slow extraction sections, two rf-systems, four skew-quadrupoles and three octupoles. In this paper, the recovery work and the improvements made in the shutdown periods are reported. Status of high power beam operation after the long shutdown is also presented in details.

THPPP082

RF Feedforward System for Beam Loading Compensation in the J-PARC MR

impedance, cavity, injection, beam-loading

3924

F. Tamura, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Toda
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

For acceleration of high intensity proton beams in the J-PARC MR, beam loading compensation is important. In the MA-loaded RF cavity in the MR, which has a Q-value in the order of 20, the wake voltage consists of the accelerating harmonic (h=9) and the neighbor harmonics (h=8, 10). We employ the RF feedforward method for the beam loading compensation, like in the J-PARC RCS, in which the impedance seen by the beam is greatly reduced by the feedforward. The full-digital feedforward system developed for the MR has a similar architecture to that of the RCS. The system compensates the beam loading of the important three harmonics (h=8, 9, 10). We present the structure of the RF feedforward system. Also, we report the preliminary results of the beam tests.

THPPP085

End to End Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac

linac, target, DTL, quadrupole

3933

M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
L. Celona
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Comunian
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
J. Stovall
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to deliver a high intensity proton beam to the target station. The nominal beam power on target will be 5~MW at an energy of 2.5~GeV. We briefly describe the individual accelerating structures and transport lines through which we have carried out multiparticle beam dynamics simulations. We will present a review of the beam dynamics from the source to the target.

THPPP086

UFOs in the LHC: Observations, Studies and Extrapolations

simulation, beam-losses, diagnostics, quadrupole

3936

T. Baer, M.J. Barnes, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, N. Garrel, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, S. Jackson, A. Lechner, V. Mertens, M. Misiowiec, E. Nebot Del Busto, A. Nordt, J.A. Uythoven, V. Vlachoudis, J. Wenninger, C. Zamantzas, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T. Baer
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
N. Fuster Martinez
Valencia University, Atomic Molecular and Nuclear Physics Department, Valencia, Spain

Unidentified falling objects (UFOs) are potentially a major luminosity limitation for nominal LHC operation. They are presumably micrometer sized dust particles which lead to fast beam losses when they interact with the beam. With large-scale increases and optimizations of the beam loss monitor (BLM) thresholds, their impact on LHC availability was mitigated from mid 2011 onwards. For higher beam energy and lower magnet quench limits, the problem is expected to be considerably worse, though. In 2011/12, the diagnostics for UFO events were significantly improved: dedicated experiments and measurements in the LHC and in the laboratory were made and complemented by FLUKA simulations and theoretical studies. The state of knowledge, extrapolations for nominal LHC operation and mitigation strategies are presented.

THPPP087

Beta Beams for Precision Measurements of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters

target, ion, linac, acceleration

3939

E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Berkovits
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
A. Brondi, A. Di Nitto, G. La Rana, R. Moro, E. Vardaci
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A. Chancé, J. Payet
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, V. Kravtchouk, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Collazuol
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
G. De Rosa, V.C. Palladino
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
F. Debray, C. Trophime
GHMFL, Grenoble, France
T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov
UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
M. Hass, T. Hirsch
Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
I. Izotov, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France
M. Mezzetto
INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
A. Stahl
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

Funding: CERN and European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372
Neutrino oscillations have implications for the Standard Model of particle physics. The “CERN Beta Beam” has outstanding capabilities to contribute to precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations. The FP7 collaboration “EUROnu” (2008-2012) is a design study that will review three facilities (Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make decisions on future European neutrino oscillation facilities. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrino beams by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. Using existing machines and infrastructure is an advantage for the cost evaluation; however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes. The costing approach will also be described.

THPPP090

Project X Functional Requirements Specification

linac, collider, factory, target

3945

S.D. Holmes, S. Henderson, R.D. Kephart, J.S. Kerby, I. Kourbanis, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, S. Nagaitsev, N. Solyak, R.S. Tschirhart
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy.
Project X is a multi-megawatt proton facility being developed to support a world-leading program in Intensity Frontier physics at Fermilab. The facility is designed to support programs in elementary particle and nuclear physics, with possible applications to nuclear energy research. A Functional Requirements Specification has been developed in order to establish performance criteria for the Project X complex in support of these multiple missions, and to assure that the facility is designed with sufficient upgrade capability to provide U.S. leadership for many decades to come. This paper will describe the Functional Requirements for the Project X facility, their recent evolution, and the rationale for these requirements.

THPPR001

Setting Generation for FAIR

controls, synchrotron, storage-ring, optics

3963

D. Ondreka, J. Fitzek, H. Liebermann, R. Müller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The experimental program envisaged for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) requires complex operation schemes of its accelerators and beamlines including parallel operation of several experiments. Thus, there is a strong need to develop an appropriate setting generation system, which shall supply consistent settings for all devices across the facility to support the planned parallel operation modes. This system should also provide standard tools for modifying and accessing the settings. These requirements will be met by using LSA, a generic accelerator modeling framework developed at CERN, as basis for the setting generation system. We will report on the status of the setting generation system for FAIR, covering both the implementation of the physics model as well as the extensions to the LSA framework realized within a collaboration with CERN. Results of the first test runs with the existing GSI synchrotron SIS18 will be presented.

THPPR005

The Preliminary Test of a Digital Control System Based on the FPGA for a PEFP 120-keV RF Cavity

cavity, controls, resonance, accelerating-gradient

3975

Y.M. Li, S. Cha
UST, Daejeon City, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, Y.M. Li, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: Proton Engineering Frontier Project, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea.
PEFP developed a 120-keV RF cavity for their ion implantation applications. Due to ambient disturbances, the cavity’s resonance frequency may vary in long-term test. We designed a digital control system to change the frequency of the RF sources for tracking the cavity’s frequency variations. The digital control system has functions such as, phase shift, phase comparison, proportional-integral compensation, waveform generation and frequency/pulse modulation, and driving signal generator. Most of them are implemented digitally in a Virtex II 4000 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this research we show the design and the preliminary test results of the digital control system.
* Work supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology

THPPR031

Reliability Modeling Method for Proton Accelerator

cryomodule, simulation, linac, target

4035

S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli
Ohio State University, USA
J.S. Kerby, A. Mukherjee
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Reliability Analysis is an essential part of designing any complex system in order to predict performance and understand availability. However modeling complex systems has been a challenging task due to the large number of components and inter-dependencies. The options have been custom written simulation packages, requiring large investment of programming and debugging time; or standard commercial software running for many days. In our research we developed a hierarchical method to represent the reliability model of “Project X,”* a proposed linear accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The system is first divided into subsystems small enough to readily simulate. Each subsystem is then separately simulated and parameterized so they can be represented as simple blocks in the top level system diagram. This allows standard, commercial software to model systems with many tens of thousands of components without requiring many days of computer time. Simulation were run and compared with data gathered from existing accelerators.
* S.D. Holmes, "Project X: A Multi-MW Proton Source at Fermilab," Proc. of IPAC’10, TUYRA01, p. 1299 (2010).

THPPR032

A Split-Electrode for Clearing Scattered Electrons in the RHIC E-Lens

electron, ion, scattering, solenoid

4038

X. Gu, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, K. Hamdi, J. Hock, Y. Luo, C. Montag, M. Okamura, A.I. Pikin, P. Thieberger
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We are designing two electron lenses that will be installed at RHIC IR10 to compensate for the head-on beam-beam effect. To clear accumulated scattered electrons from 100 GeV proton-electron head-on collisions in the e-lens, a clearing split electrode may be constructed. The feasibility of this proposed electrode was demonstrated via the CST Particle Studio and Opera program simulations. By splitting one of the drift tubes in the e-lens and applying ~ 380 V across the two parts, the scattered electrons can be cleared out within several hundred micro-seconds. At the same time we can restrict the unwanted shift of the primary electron-beam that already passed the 2-m interaction region in e-lens, to less than 15um.

THPPR035

Design of Machine Protection System for the PEFP 100MeV Linac

linac, status, EPICS, controls

4047

K.T. Seol, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The 100MeV proton linear accelerator of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has been developed and will be installed in Gyeong-ju site. After the installation, the beam commissioning of the 100MeV linac will be performed in 2012. A machine protection system (MPS) to shut off beam and to protect the 100MeV machine has been designed. Hardwares for an RF interlock, a modulator interlock, beam loss monitors, fast closing valves for vacuum window faults and so on have been manufactured and tested. With a hard-wired protection for a fast interlock, beam should be shut off within a few μs from the faults. The operator interface for MPS has been also designed to monitor and reset the faults easily. The details of the MPS design for the 100MeV machine are presented.

THPPR036

Quench Limit Calculations for Steady State Heat Deposits in LHC Inner Triplet Magnets

quadrupole, luminosity, insertion, simulation

4050

D. Bocian
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
F. Cerutti, B. Dehning, A.P. Siemko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In hadron colliders such as the LHC, the energy deposited in the superconductors by the particles lost from the beams or coming from the collision debris may provoke quenches detrimental to the accelerator operation. A Network Model is used to simulate the thermodynamic behavior of the superconducting magnets. In previous papers the validations of network model with measurements performed in the CERN and Fermilab magnet test facilities were presented. This model was subsequently used for thermal analysis of the current LHC inner triplet quadrupole magnets for beam energy of 3.5 TeV and 7 TeV. The detailed study of helium cooling channels efficiency for energy deposits simulated with FLUKA is presented. Some conclusions are drawn on expected inner triplet magnets quench limit.

THPPR037

Estimation of Thresholds for the Signals of the BLMs around the LHC Final Focus Triplet Magnets

simulation, radiation, luminosity, beam-losses

4053

M. Sapinski, F. Cerutti, B. Dehning, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, M. Mauri, A. Mereghetti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C. Hoa
CEA-CENG, Grenoble, France

The Interaction Points of the Large Hadron Collider are the regions where the two circulating beams collide. Hence, the magnets the closest to any Interaction Point are exposed to an elevated radiation field due to the collision debris. In this study the signal in the Beam Loss Monitors due to the debris is estimated and compared with the measurements. In addition, the energy density in the coils and the signal in the Beam Loss Monitors at quench are estimated for various beam loss scenarios. It is shown that the Beam Loss Monitors, as presently installed on the outside of the vacuum vessel of the magnets, cannot disentangle the signals due to a localised halo loss from that of the constant signal due to the collision debris.

THPPR039

Controlled Transverse Blow-Up of High-energy Proton Beams for Aperture Measurements and Loss Maps

injection, emittance, feedback, resonance

4059

W. Höfle, R.W. Assmann, S. Redaelli, R. Schmidt, D. Valuch, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A technique was developed to blow-up transversely in a controlled way high energy proton beams in the LHC. The technique is based on band limited white noise excitation that is injected into the transverse damper feedback loop. The injected signal can be gated to selectively blow-up individual trains of bunches. The speed of transverse blow-up can be precisely controlled. This opens the possibility to perform safely and efficiently aperture measurements and loss maps with high intensity bunch trains well above stored beam energies that are considered to be safe. In particular, lengthy procedures for measurements at top energy, otherwise requiring multiple fills of individual bunches, can be avoided. In this paper, the method is presented and results from beam measurements are discussed and compared with alternative blow-up methods.

THPPR041

The Conceptual Design of the Shielding Layout and Beam Absorber at the PXIE

radiation, shielding, cryomodule, rfq

4065

Y.I. Eidelman, J.S. Kerby, V.A. Lebedev, J.R. Leibfritz, A.F. Leveling, S. Nagaitsev, R.P. Stanek
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) is a prototype of the Project X front end. A 30 MeV 50 kW H⁻ beam will be used to validate the design concept of the Project X. This paper discusses a design of the accelerator enclosure radiation shielding and the beam dump. Detailed energy deposition and activation simulation were performed with the MARS15 code. The simulation results guided the design of the installation enclosure.

THPPR048

Construction of a BNCT Facility using an 8-MeV High Power Proton Linac in Tokai

neutron, target, radioactivity, DTL

4083

H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Matsumoto, M. Yoshioka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hashirano, F. Inoue, K. Sennyu, T. Sugano
MHI, Hiroshima, Japan
F. Hiraga, Y. Kiyanagi
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
H. Kumada
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Matsumura, H. Sakurai
Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Nakamura, H. Nakashima, T. Shibata
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Ohba, Su. Tanaka
Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan

An accelerator-based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) facility is now under construction and the entire system including the patient treatment system will be installed in the Ibaraki Medical Center for Advanced Neutron Therapy (tentative name). The linac specification is 8 MeV with 10 mA of average current (80 kW) with a duty factor of 20%. The linac is composed of a 3-MeV RFQ and a drift-tube linac and can accelerate a peak current of 50 mA up to 8-MeV. The neutron producing target is a 0.5 mm thick beryllium disk 150 mm in diameter which is formed on a heat sink plate. The material components used in the neutron moderator system, including the target, should be selected to have a reduced residual radio-activity. Special attention should be paid to mitigate the swelling of target materials due to hydrogen implantation as well. The development of an accelerator-based BNCT suited for practical application requires input from a wide spread of technical specialties. To obtain the needed breath and strength, we have organized our team with contributing members from diverse institutes and companies. The research and development activities of this integrated team will be presented.

THPPR052

The MedAustron Proton Gantry

optics, dipole, quadrupole, synchrotron

4091

A. Koschik
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
U. Dorda, A. Koschik
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
D. Meer, E.S. Pedroni
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

The MedAustron project realizes a synchrotron based accelerator facility in Austria for cancer treatment with protons and carbon ions, currently in the construction phase. In order to allow full patient treatment flexibility, one of the four treatment rooms will be equipped with a proton gantry. While its hardware design is a copy of the PSI Gantry 2, different constraints on the beam optics must be accounted for as MedAustron uses a synchrotron as particle accelerator and a rotator to match the beam into the rotated frame, as compared to the cyclotron of the PSI PROSCAN facility. This paper presents the current status of the hardware design and procurement and a review of the design characteristics of the PSI Gantry 2 for the MedAustron case. In particular the stability of the beam parameters during beam scanning over the treatment scan area is investigated in detail. To achieve utmost parallel active scanning performance, the magnet design parameters (edge angles, corrector quadrupole, tapered dipole) have been optimized for PSI Gantry 2. Equivalent studies are undertaken for the MedAustron requirements and constraints in this paper.

THPPR053

A CW FFAG for Proton Computed Tomography

cyclotron, extraction, lattice, acceleration

4094

C. Johnstone, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
H.L. Owen
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy
An advantage of the cyclotron in proton therapy is the continuous (CW) beam output which reduces complexity and response time in the dosimetry requirements and beam controls. A CW accelerator requires isochronous particle orbits at all energies through the acceleration cycle and present compact isochronous cyclotrons for proton therapy reach only 250 MeV (kinetic energy) which is required for patient treatment, but low for full Proton Computed Tomography (PCT) capability. PCT specifications need 300-330 MeV in order for protons to transit the human body. Recent innovations in nonscaling FFAG design have achieved isochronous performance in a compact (~3 m radius) design at these higher energies. Preliminary isochronous designs are presented here. Lower energy beams can be efficiently extracted for patient treatment without changes to the acceleration cycle and magnet currents.

THPPR054

Progress in the Design of a Curved Superconducting Dipole for a Therapy Gantry

dipole, target, solenoid, ion

4097

S. Caspi, D. Arbelaez, L.N. Brouwer, D.R. Dietderich, R.R. Hafalia, D. Robin, A. Sessler, C. Sun, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

A curved superconducting magnet for a carbon therapy gantry requires a large bore and a field around 5T. The design reduces the gantry’s size and weight and makes it more comparable with gantries used for proton therapy. In this paper we report on a combined function superconducting dipole magnet that is half the size needed for carbon gantry and is about the size of a proton gantry. The half scale, with a 130 mm bore diameter that is curved 90 degrees at a radius of 634 mm, superimposes two layers of oppositely wound and skewed solenoids that are energized in a way that nulls the solenoid field and doubles the dipole field. Furthermore, the combined architecture of the windings can create a selection of field terms that are off the near-pure dipole field. In this paper we report on the design of a two layers curved coil and the production of the winding mandrel. Some details on the magnet assembly are included.

THPPR055

Compact Gantry with Large Momentum Acceptance

kicker, octupole, diagnostics, sextupole

4100

W. Wan, D. Robin, A. Sessler, C. Sun
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Rotatable Ion Beam Cancer Therapy (IBCT) delivery systems or gantries are the largest features in an ion beam therapy facility. They weight 100+ tons and require large (~3 story) heavily shielded rooms to house them. Reducing the size of ion beam gantries using high field One disadvantage of superconducting magnets is the difficulty of changing the fields quickly in order to adjust the beam momentum to scan the depth of penetration. In this paper we present a design of a gantry consisting of many combined function superconducting magnets that have a large enough momentum acceptance (> pm 10%) such that the magnets do not need to be changed while changing the beam energy.

THPPR061

Optimisation Studies of Accelerator Driven Fertile to Fissile Conversion Rates in Thorium Fuel Cycle

neutron, simulation, target, scattering

4112

C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The need for proliferation-resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn up and improved waste form characteristics has led to a renewed worldwide interest in thorium-based fuels and fuel cycles. In this paper the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate the Thorium-Uranium fuel cycle. The accelerator driven fertile to fissile conversion rates have been calculated for various geometries. Several new classes have been added by the authors to the GEANT4 simulation code, an extension which allows the state-of-the-art code to be used for the first time for nuclear reactor criticality calculations.

THPPR062

Handling GEM*STER Volatile Radioactive Fission Products

neutron, target, simulation, ion

4115

M. Notani, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

A next-generation advanced technology of nuclear power has been developed for many years. One of the promising future reactor designs with accelerator-produced neutrons is GEM*STAR (Green Energy Multiplier*Subcritical Technology for Alternative Reactors) developed by Accelerator Driven Neutron Application (ADNA), which is a subcritical thermal-spectrum reactor operating with molten salt fuel in a graphite matrix. GEM*STAR is able to use natural uranium as well as unreprocessed spent fuel from light-water reactors (LWR), generating as much electricity as the LWR had generated from the same fuel. Since the advanced design of GEM*STAR is quite different from LWR that uses solid nuclear fuel loaded in the Zircaloy, it requires emission control for volatiles emitted from the molten salt fuel, like as radioactive iodine and cesium. The volatiles caught in the helium gas circulating around the core reactor will be trapped in the cryogenic bottles. Numerical simulations to estimate the amount of fission products were performed for the design of confinement of the volatiles. The result of simulation with spent nuclear fuel from LWR is presented.

THPPR063

1 GeV CW Nonscaling FFAG for ADS, and Magnet Parameters

extraction, lattice, cyclotron, simulation

4118

F. Méot, W.-T. Weng
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA

Multi-MW proton driver capability remains a challenging, critical technology for many core HEP programs, particularly the neutrino ones such as the Muon Collider and Neutrino factory, and for next generation energy applications such as Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactors (ADS) and Accelerator Transmutation of Waste for nuclear power and waste management. Work is focused almost exclusively on an SRF linac, as, to date, no re-circulating accelerator can attain the 10^-20 MW capability necessary for the nuclear applications. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been explored and developed for nonscaling FFAGs using powerful new methodologies in FFAG accelerator design. The FFAG can remain isochronous beyond the energy reach of cyclotrons and with fixed magnetic fields and strong focusing coupled to recent advances in tune stability, dynamic aperture, and footprint, serious study is underway on a potential application to the ADS problem. Work is progressing on a stable, high intensity, 0.25-1GeV isochronous FFAG. Development and studies of novel magnets with the nonlinear radial fields required to support isochronous operation are reported here.

THPPR067

A Conceptual 3-GeV LANSCE Linac Upgrade for Enhanced Proton Radiography

linac, neutron, rfq, cryomodule

4130

R.W. Garnett, F.E. Merrill, J.F. O'Hara, D. Rees, L. Rybarcyk, T. Tajima, P.L. Walstrom
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396
A conceptual design of a 3-GeV linac upgrade that would enable enhanced proton radiography at LANSCE is presented. The upgrade is based on the use of superconducting accelerating cavities to increase the present LANSCE linac output energy from 800 MeV to 3 GeV. The LANSCE linac at Los Alamos National Laboratory currently provides H⁻ and H⁺ beams to several user facilities that support Isotope Production, NNSA Stockpile Stewardship, and Basic Energy Science programs. Required changes to the front-end and to the RF systems to meet the new performance goals, and changes to the existing beam switchyard to maintain operations for a robust user program are also described.

THPPR073

Target Studies for the Production of Lithium 8 for Neutrino Physics Using a Low Energy Cyclotron

target, neutron, simulation, cyclotron

4145

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the antineutrino fluxes that could be obtained in a practical system. We also calculate the production of undesirable contaminants such as Boron 8, and show that these can be reduced to a very low level.

THPPR074

Simulations of Pion Production in the DAEδALUS Target

target, simulation, neutron, hadron

4148

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, T. Smidt, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

DAEδALUS, the Decay At-rest Experiment for δCP At the Laboratory for Underground Science will look for evidence of CP-violation in the neutrino sector, which may explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in our universe. It will make precision measurements of oscillations of anti-muon neutrinos to anti-electron neutrinos using multiple neutrino sources created by low-cost compact cyclotrons. DAEδALUS will utilize a decay-at-rest neutrino beam produced by 800 MeV protons impacting a graphite target. Two well established Monte Carlo codes, MARS and GEANT4, have been used to optimize the design and the performance of the target. A benchmarking of the results obtained with these codes is also presented in this paper.

THPPR076

Optimising Neutron Production From Compact Low Energy Accelerators

target, neutron, simulation, cyclotron

4154

N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations, with other models and experimental results, before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production.

FRXCB01

Review of Microwave Schottky Beam Diagnostics

pick-up, antiproton, diagnostics, ion

4175

R.J. Pasquinelli
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Non-intercepting beam diagnostics for detection of the incoherent motion of the finite number of beam particles, i.e. Schottky beam monitors, have been proven as extremely useful to characterize tune, chromaticity, and momentum spread in circular accelerators and colliders. This beam instrument, based on advanced microwave techniques, operates successfully in Recycler and Tevatron, and was recently implemented in the Large Hadron Collider. This presentation should review the technology of Schottky beam diagnostics systems with an emphasis on initial deployment at the Tevatron, concluding with the latest measurement results from the LHC and an outlook of possible improvements and extensions of the diagnostics.

Slides FRXCB01 [22.518 MB]

FRYBP01

Accelerators for Intensity Frontier Research

target, booster, linac, kaon

4185

P. Derwent
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

This presentation should present recent developments in the accelerator physics and technology supporting the intensity frontier research in high energy physics. It should discuss the long and short base line neutrino experiments and the experiments with muons (muon-to-electron conversion and g-2).

Slides FRYBP01 [3.908 MB]

FRYCP01

Physics Results at the LHC and Implications for Future HEP Programmes

collider, luminosity, electron, linear-collider

4190

R. Heuer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This presentation should review the accumulated data of the TEVATRON and the first two years of LHC operation, highlighting major results and findings for high energy physics. This talk should highlight the most burning questions in high energy physics that emerged in light of these new results and discuss their implication for the planning and preparation of future accelerator projects.

Slides FRYCP01 [14.536 MB]