IPAC2012 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPPD037	Investigation of Space Charge Compensation at FETS	space-charge, ion, emittance, rfq	445
	J.K. Pozimski, S.M.H. Alsari, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	In order to contribute to the development of high power proton accelerators in the MW range, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the FETS is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. The ion source and LEBT are operational with the RFQ under manufacture. In the LEBT a high degree of space charge compensation (~90%) and a rise time of space charge compensation around ~ 50 μs could be concluded indirectly from measurements . As a more detailed knowledge is of interest also for other projects like ESS the FETS LEBT was updated to perform a detailed experimental analysis of space charge compensation. In this paper the results of the experimental work will be presented together with discussion of the findings in respect to beam transport.

MOPPD045	Performance Study of the PEFP Microwave Ion Source with Modified Microwave System	ion, high-voltage, proton, linac	463
	D.I. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government. A microwave ion source has been developed as a proton injector for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) 100-MeV proton linac. The microwave ion source consists of the 2.45-GHz microwave components, a solenoid magnet, a vacuum system, power supplies for beam extraction and bias electrode, a cooling system. It was operating for 1 year to supply beam to the 20-MeV proton accelerator. Recently, a multi-layer insulation DC break was installed between proton source and 2.45-GHz microwave components. Also, the magnetron was replaced with lower saturation power level. The tests of the microwave system have been done to study the effect of the DC break and new magnetron compared with the former one. Also, the beam test was done after the operating conditions of the microwave system were adjusted. In this paper, the performance studies of the PEFP microwave ion source with DC break and new magnetron are discussed.

MOPPD047	Progress of Surface Plasma H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator	plasma, ion, gun, electron	469
	V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Supported in part by SBIR Grant 4729 · 09SC02690. Progress in development of RF H⁻ surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability will be considered. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small Al2O3chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS small Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H⁻ beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas in the similar conditions were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed and fabricated. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing

MOPPR055	A Two-dimensional Wire Scanner for a Low Energy Ion Beam	ion, diagnostics, acceleration, vacuum	909
	C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom G.E. Boorman Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration for future high power proton applications. So far, the H⁻ ion source and the low energy beam transport (LEBT) are operational. The commissioning of the LEBT is carried out with a multipurpose diagnostics vessel. On the other hand, the present status of the LEBT does not provide any permanent installed beam diagnostics beyond current measurement. Possible diagnostics need to be compact and rigid in a way that it can survive an area with potentially high beam losses and not suffering to much of beam noise. Furthermore, minimal invasive diagnostics is preferred. It is intended to present first results of a wire scanner where the geometry has been changed in a way that the two dimensional xy-space is accessible.

MOPPR056	Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Low Energy H⁻ beam	rfq, acceleration, solenoid, ion	912
	C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom G.E. Boorman Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators. At the moment, the RFQ is under construction and there is a need to understand the matching of the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) into the RFQ as conclusive as possible. The parameter of interest may include solenoid settings, steering effects but also the influence of the post acceleration of the ion source and potential effects of space charge compensation. Two emittance scanner are installed and can be combined with scintillator acting as a beam profile monitor and auxiliaries like current measurement.

TUOAB03	Five Years of Accelerator Operation Experience at HIT	ion, controls, synchrotron, linac	1083
	A. Peters, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, S. Scheloske, C. Schömers, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	Since spring 2007 the HIT company, a 100% daughter of the Heidelberg University Hospital, has taken over the responsibility for the operation of the first dedicated European ion beam tumour therapy facility. In 2009 the clinical operation started and since then more than 800 patients were treated in the facility. This success is based on a well-trained and highly-motivated team of physicists, engineers and technicians responsible for the 24/7 operation scheme as well as for more than 70% of the accelerator maintenance. The paper will give an overview of the operation organization reflecting the overall beam time schedule. In addition, the accelerator statistics will prove the achieved high availability of about 98% besides planned maintenance time. Furthermore, the reliability of the HIT accelerator including the gantry section will be illustrated resulting in long intervals before necessary retuning. At last, an outlook to further enhancements of the facility operation will be presented.
	Slides TUOAB03 [7.526 MB]

TUPPC030	Status of the Ion Sources at ESS-Bilbao	ion, controls, plasma, extraction	1227
	J. Feuchtwanger, I. Arredondo, F.J. Bermejo, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, M. Eguiraun, P.J. González, J.L. Muñoz ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain R. Miracoli ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Currently there are two types of ion sources under development and testing at ESS-Bilbao, the first one is a Penning type source based on the ISIS/RAL source, modified to use permanent magnets to generate the Penning field. The second source is an off-resonance ECR source that is being developed in-house. The Penning source is in the late stages of commissioning, and a beam has been extracted from it. Currently the main work on that source is in the optimization of the operating parameters. The ECR source on the other hand is in the early stages of the commissioning, all parts have been fabricated, and Vacuum tests are underway. Testing of the RF and control systems will follow, and finally the whole system will be tested. The control system for both ion sources was developed under LabView, and runs on a real time system. While for testing the timing sequences run locally, the system is being developed so that it can run using a central timing system.

TUPPD042	Design of Transmission Line at 28 GHz, 10 kW for ECR Ion Source in KBSI	ion, ECRIS, plasma, vacuum	1494
	M. Won, S. Choi, B.C. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	The 28 GHz gyrotron system was designed to deliver the microwave power from gyrotron oscillator to an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for simultaneously producing high current and highly charged ions. The microwave power from 28 GHz gyrotron were measured from the range between 0.5 kW and 10 kW with frequency variation from 27.9740 to 27.9893 GHz. The gyrotron oscillator of transmission system operates in continuous wave regime with the smoothly regulated output microwave power. A transmission line was designed for the transport of microwaves to an ion source. For the electrical insulation between gyrotron system and ion source chamber applied to high voltage, we installed a DC break. In order to evaluate gyrotron operation, a dummy load was developed to consume such high microwave power.

TUPPD046	Characterization of Li⁺ Alumino-Silicate Ion Source for Target Heating Experiments	ion, extraction, space-charge, brightness	1506
	P.K. Roy, W.G. Greenway, J.W. Kwan, S.M. Lidia, P.A. Seidl, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Heavy Ion Fusion Sciences (HIFS) program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will carry out warm dense matter experiments using Li⁺ ion beam with energy 1.2–3 MeV to achieve uniform heating up to 0.1–1 eV. Experiments will be done using the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) facility. The NDCX-II accelerator has been designed to use a large diameter (10.9 cm) Li⁺ doped alumino-silicate source to produce short pulses of ≈93 mA beam current. Fabrication of a lithium source is complex, it is necessary to apply a higher temperature (>1200-degC) for thermionic emission, and the beam current density of this source is ~1mA/cm² in the space-charge limited regime. Li⁺ emission is lower than the other alkaline ions sources (K⁺, Cs⁺). The lifetime of this source is roughly 50 hours, when pulsed. Characterization of an operational lithium alumino-silicate ion source, including beam emittance, is presented.

TUPPD047	Injection Sequence for High-power Isochronous Cyclotrons for ADS Fission	cyclotron, ion, rfq, emittance	1509
	S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, C. Collins, J. Comeaux, R. Garrison, P.M. McIntyre, A. Sattarov Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and the Mitchell Family Foundation. A high-current injector sequence is being developed for use in a flux-coupled stack of high-current cyclotrons for accelerator-driven subcritical (ADS) fission. The design includes an ECR ion source, LEBT, RF quadrupole, and multi-stage chopper. A first cyclotron then accelerates the beams to 100 MeV for injection to the sector isochronous cyclotron. Provisions for control of emittance and bunch tails are described.

TUPPD048	Optical Emission Spectroscopy Studies of the Spallation Netron Source (SNS) H⁻ Ion Source	ion, plasma, neutron, background	1512
	B. Han, S.N. Murray ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	A Cs enhanced, RF-driven H⁻ ion source feeds the SNS accelerator with a 65 keV H⁻ beam at 60 Hz with a pulse length of up to 1.0 ms. The ion source beam intensity and reliability are critical to the SNS operational power level and availability. The 1-MW level routine operation of the SNS requires ~38 mA beam in the linac. This requirement is normally met by the ion source in a persistent manner for a 4-5 weeks service-cycle of the ion source. But, in some occasions, the ion source either falls short of the beam current or fails to keep the beam current persistent. The key factor in achieving high current, persistent H⁻ beam is to have a proper coverage of Cs on the ion converter surface near the source outlet. To quantify the amount of Cs put into the system during cesiation(s) and to monitor the Cs migration during the source operation, an experimental study is under way with an optical spectrometer monitoring the emission lights from the ion source plasma. Another possible use of this emission spectroscopy study is to detect the indication of the ion source antenna deterioration before it develops into a total failure. The progress and some preliminary results are presented.

WEPPD070	Automatic Tuner Unit Operation for the Microwave System of the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source	impedance, plasma, ion, controls	2684
	L. Muguira, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, M. Eguiraun, F.J. Fernandez Huerta, J. Feuchtwanger, N. Garmendia, O. González, P.J. González ESS Bilbao, LEIOA, Spain V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain J. Verdu EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The operation of the waveguide automatic tuner unit (ATU) for optimizing the impedance matching and the RF power coupling in the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source (ISHP) is presented. Since the plasma chamber can be considered as a time varying load impedance for the pulsed RF 2.7 GHz high power generator, several approaches have been studied for accurately measuring the load impedance. In the later case, a set of power detectors connected to electric field probes, IQ demodulators and gain/phase detectors connected to dual directional couplers have been integrated. An experimental comparison of these approaches is presented, showing their accuracy, limitations and error-correction methods. Finally, the control system developed for the automatic operation of the triple capacitive post tuner is described, as well as illustrative results.

THYA03	Critical Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production	target, ion, ISOL, proton	3195
	P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Minor, A. Mjøs, B. Moss, M. Nozar TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	This presentation should review the technology challenges and future directions in the production of high intensity RIBs, including the operation of targets/ion sources in high radiation environment, high efficiency charge stripping, and high reliability.
	Slides THYA03 [5.010 MB]

THEPPB009	The CRISP Project – Building Synergies between Research Infrastructures	neutron, electron, ion, laser	3248
	P. Antici INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	Recently, the European Commission granted 12 M€ for a project aiming at the implementation of common solutions in infrastructures on the ESFRI* roadmap in the fields of physics, astronomy and analytical sciences. The objective of this initiative is to generate synergies in the development of components of interest for several infrastructures and thus promote efficiency and optimisation in the use of resources. The project, called "CRISP (Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics) and started October 2011, gathers many major European large-scale infrastructures (CERN, XFEL, ESRF, ESS, FAIR, ILL, SKA, SLHC, SPIRAL-2, ELI, EuroFEL, ILC-Higrade etc). The generated synergies will be crucial to stimulate scientific and technological progress and to respond to the rapidly evolving user community. A brief overview of the different activities that are part of the project will be given, presenting the innovative approach of crossing boundaries between scientific disciplines and thus generating synergies. *ESFRI stands for European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures

THPPC013	Progress on Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ Accelerator for Materials Irradiation Research	rfq, cavity, ion, ECR	3302
	Z. Wang, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu, S.X. Peng, W.L. Xia, X.Q. Yan, J. Zhao, K. Zhu PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10905003) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. There is always high interest to study material irradiation damage effects based on accelerators. The bombardment of solids with high energy particles causes some changes in many important engineering properties. By implanting helium ions, it may be possible to simulate the damage process occurs in vessels and unravel the complexμstructural andμchemical evolutions that are expected in advanced nuclear energy systems. A materials irradiation facility based on coupled RFQ-SFRFQ accelerator will be built in Peking University, attribute to the commissioning of prototype SFRFQ accelerator, we have coupled the SFRFQ electrodes and the traditional RFQ electrodes in one cavity to form a more compact accelerator which can provide helium beam with energy of 0.8MeV for materials irradiation research.

THPPP040	Heavy-ion Beam Acceleration at RIKEN for the Super-Heavy Element Search	ion, target, ECR, cyclotron	3823
	M. Kase, M. Fujimaki, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Aihara, T.O. Ohki, K. Oyamada, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama, H. Yamauchi SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
	In RIKEN Nishina accelerator center, the experiment on the super-heavy element (Z=113) search has been being carried out since 2003. The RIKEN heavy-ion linac is supplying a heavy-ion beam of 70Zn with energies around 5MeV/nucleon. The beam intensities are required more than 1 particle maicro amper on the target. Very long-term and stable operations are intrinsic for this kind of experiments. So far two events for Z=113 have been found during a net irradiation time of 10345 hours (431 days) with a total dose 1.1 x 10²⁰ (12.8 mg). Heavy operation of the linac will be reported.

THPPP045	Five Year Operation of the 20-MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI	linac, proton, site, ion	3838
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean Government. A 20-MeV proton linear accelerator has been operating since 2007 by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon site. The performance test of the accelerator itself has been done with limited operating conditions. In addition, the 20-MeV accelerator was used as a test bench of the 100-MeV accelerator components. Besides the machine study itself, it supplied proton beams to more than 1600 samples for users. The 20-MeV accelerator was disassembled at the end of 2011 and will be installed at Gyeong-Ju site as an injector for the 100-MeV linac in 2012. In this paper, the 5 year operation experiences of the 20-MeV linac at Daejeon site are summarized and the technical issues are discussed.

THPPP051	Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand	ion, rfq, beam-transport, simulation	3856
	A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, S.R. Lawrie STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S.M.H. Alsari, M. Aslaninejad, A. Kurup, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom J.J. Back University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom C. Gabor, D.C. Plostinar STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom A. Garbayo AVS, Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain S. Jolly UCL, London, United Kingdom J.K. Pozimski STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at RAL is a demonstrator for front end systems of a future high power proton linac. Possible applications include a linac upgrade for the ISIS spallation neutron source, new future neutron sources, accelerator driven sub-critical systems, a neutrino factory etc. Designed to deliver a 60mA H-minus beam at 3MeV with a 10% duty factor, FETS consists of a high brightness ion source, magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT), 4-vane 324MHz radio frequency quadrupole, medium energy beam transport (MEBT) containing a high speed beam chopper plus comprehensive diagnostics. This paper describes the current status of the project and future plans.

THPPP058	PXIE: Project X Injector Experiment	rfq, cryomodule, ion, solenoid	3874
	S. Nagaitsev, S.D. Holmes, R.D. Kephart, J.S. Kerby, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, A.V. Shemyakin, N. Solyak, R.P. Stanek Fermilab, Batavia, USA D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA
	A multi-MW proton facility, Project X has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. As part of this development program, we are constructing a prototype of the front end of the Project X linac at Fermilab. The construction and successful operations of this facility will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing the primary technical risk element within the Project. The Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) can be constructed over the period FY12-16 and will include an H⁻ ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two SC cryomodules providing up to 30 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA. Successful operations of the facility will demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that will find applications beyond Project X in the longer term.

THPPP092	Progress of the Front-End System Development for Project X at LBNL	rfq, ion, simulation, emittance	3951
	D. Li, M.D. Hoff, Q. Ji, A.R. Lambert, T. Schenkel, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA S. Nagaitsev, L.R. Prost, G.V. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin Fermilab, Batavia, USA C. Zhang IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. A multi-MW proton facility, Project X has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. Project X is a key accelerator complex for intensity frontier of future high energy physics programs in the US. In collaboration with Fermilab, LBNL takes the responsibility in the development and design studies of the front-end system for Project X. The front-end system would consist of H⁻ ion source(s), low-energy beam transport (LEBT), 162.5 MHz normal conducting CW Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, medium-energy beam transport (MEBT), and beam chopper(s). In this paper, we will review and present recent progress of the front-end system studies, which will include the RFQ beam dynamics design, RF structure design, thermal and mechanical analyses and fabrication plan, LEBT simulation studies and concept for LEBT chopper.

THPPR046	Status of the MedAustron Ion Beam Therapy Centre	controls, ion, synchrotron, diagnostics	4077
	U. Dorda CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, F. Osmic EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	MedAustron is a synchrotron based light-ion beam therapy centre for cancer treatment as well as for clinical and non-clinical research currently in its construction phase. The accelerator design is based on the CERN-PIMMS study and its technical implementation by CNAO. This paper presents a status overview over the whole project detailing the achieved progress of the building construction & technical infrastructure installation in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, as well as of the accelerator development, performed at CERN and partially at PSI. The design and procurement status and future planning of the various accelerator components is elaborated.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPPD037

Investigation of Space Charge Compensation at FETS

space-charge, ion, emittance, rfq

445

J.K. Pozimski, S.M.H. Alsari, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

In order to contribute to the development of high power proton accelerators in the MW range, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The aim of the FETS is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam at 3 MeV with sufficient beam quality. The ion source and LEBT are operational with the RFQ under manufacture. In the LEBT a high degree of space charge compensation (~90%) and a rise time of space charge compensation around ~ 50 μs could be concluded indirectly from measurements . As a more detailed knowledge is of interest also for other projects like ESS the FETS LEBT was updated to perform a detailed experimental analysis of space charge compensation. In this paper the results of the experimental work will be presented together with discussion of the findings in respect to beam transport.

MOPPD045

Performance Study of the PEFP Microwave Ion Source with Modified Microwave System

ion, high-voltage, proton, linac

463

D.I. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean government.
A microwave ion source has been developed as a proton injector for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) 100-MeV proton linac. The microwave ion source consists of the 2.45-GHz microwave components, a solenoid magnet, a vacuum system, power supplies for beam extraction and bias electrode, a cooling system. It was operating for 1 year to supply beam to the 20-MeV proton accelerator. Recently, a multi-layer insulation DC break was installed between proton source and 2.45-GHz microwave components. Also, the magnetron was replaced with lower saturation power level. The tests of the microwave system have been done to study the effect of the DC break and new magnetron compared with the former one. Also, the beam test was done after the operating conditions of the microwave system were adjusted. In this paper, the performance studies of the PEFP microwave ion source with DC break and new magnetron are discussed.

MOPPD047

Progress of Surface Plasma H⁻ Ion Source with Saddle RF Antenna Plasma Generator

plasma, ion, gun, electron

469

V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
S.N. Murray, T.R. Pennisi, C. Piller, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Supported in part by SBIR Grant 4729 · 09SC02690.
Progress in development of RF H⁻ surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability will be considered. Several versions of new plasma generators with a small Al2O3chamber and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the SNS small Test Stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Test Stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency of 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H⁻ beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas in the similar conditions were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma source (TPS) has been designed and fabricated. A Saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is being fabricated for high duty factor testing

MOPPR055

A Two-dimensional Wire Scanner for a Low Energy Ion Beam

ion, diagnostics, acceleration, vacuum

909

C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration for future high power proton applications. So far, the H⁻ ion source and the low energy beam transport (LEBT) are operational. The commissioning of the LEBT is carried out with a multipurpose diagnostics vessel. On the other hand, the present status of the LEBT does not provide any permanent installed beam diagnostics beyond current measurement. Possible diagnostics need to be compact and rigid in a way that it can survive an area with potentially high beam losses and not suffering to much of beam noise. Furthermore, minimal invasive diagnostics is preferred. It is intended to present first results of a wire scanner where the geometry has been changed in a way that the two dimensional xy-space is accessible.

MOPPR056

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Low Energy H⁻ beam

rfq, acceleration, solenoid, ion

912

C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators. At the moment, the RFQ is under construction and there is a need to understand the matching of the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) into the RFQ as conclusive as possible. The parameter of interest may include solenoid settings, steering effects but also the influence of the post acceleration of the ion source and potential effects of space charge compensation. Two emittance scanner are installed and can be combined with scintillator acting as a beam profile monitor and auxiliaries like current measurement.

TUOAB03

Five Years of Accelerator Operation Experience at HIT

ion, controls, synchrotron, linac

1083

A. Peters, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, S. Scheloske, C. Schömers, T. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

Since spring 2007 the HIT company, a 100% daughter of the Heidelberg University Hospital, has taken over the responsibility for the operation of the first dedicated European ion beam tumour therapy facility. In 2009 the clinical operation started and since then more than 800 patients were treated in the facility. This success is based on a well-trained and highly-motivated team of physicists, engineers and technicians responsible for the 24/7 operation scheme as well as for more than 70% of the accelerator maintenance. The paper will give an overview of the operation organization reflecting the overall beam time schedule. In addition, the accelerator statistics will prove the achieved high availability of about 98% besides planned maintenance time. Furthermore, the reliability of the HIT accelerator including the gantry section will be illustrated resulting in long intervals before necessary retuning. At last, an outlook to further enhancements of the facility operation will be presented.

Slides TUOAB03 [7.526 MB]

TUPPC030

Status of the Ion Sources at ESS-Bilbao

ion, controls, plasma, extraction

1227

J. Feuchtwanger, I. Arredondo, F.J. Bermejo, I. Bustinduy, J. Corres, M. Eguiraun, P.J. González, J.L. Muñoz
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
R. Miracoli
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Currently there are two types of ion sources under development and testing at ESS-Bilbao, the first one is a Penning type source based on the ISIS/RAL source, modified to use permanent magnets to generate the Penning field. The second source is an off-resonance ECR source that is being developed in-house. The Penning source is in the late stages of commissioning, and a beam has been extracted from it. Currently the main work on that source is in the optimization of the operating parameters. The ECR source on the other hand is in the early stages of the commissioning, all parts have been fabricated, and Vacuum tests are underway. Testing of the RF and control systems will follow, and finally the whole system will be tested. The control system for both ion sources was developed under LabView, and runs on a real time system. While for testing the timing sequences run locally, the system is being developed so that it can run using a central timing system.

TUPPD042

Design of Transmission Line at 28 GHz, 10 kW for ECR Ion Source in KBSI

ion, ECRIS, plasma, vacuum

1494

M. Won, S. Choi, B.C. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

The 28 GHz gyrotron system was designed to deliver the microwave power from gyrotron oscillator to an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for simultaneously producing high current and highly charged ions. The microwave power from 28 GHz gyrotron were measured from the range between 0.5 kW and 10 kW with frequency variation from 27.9740 to 27.9893 GHz. The gyrotron oscillator of transmission system operates in continuous wave regime with the smoothly regulated output microwave power. A transmission line was designed for the transport of microwaves to an ion source. For the electrical insulation between gyrotron system and ion source chamber applied to high voltage, we installed a DC break. In order to evaluate gyrotron operation, a dummy load was developed to consume such high microwave power.

TUPPD046

Characterization of Li⁺ Alumino-Silicate Ion Source for Target Heating Experiments

ion, extraction, space-charge, brightness

1506

P.K. Roy, W.G. Greenway, J.W. Kwan, S.M. Lidia, P.A. Seidl, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S Department of Energy by LLNL under contract DE AC52 07NA27344, and by LBNL under contract. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Heavy Ion Fusion Sciences (HIFS) program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will carry out warm dense matter experiments using Li⁺ ion beam with energy 1.2–3 MeV to achieve uniform heating up to 0.1–1 eV. Experiments will be done using the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) facility. The NDCX-II accelerator has been designed to use a large diameter (10.9 cm) Li⁺ doped alumino-silicate source to produce short pulses of ≈93 mA beam current. Fabrication of a lithium source is complex, it is necessary to apply a higher temperature (>1200-degC) for thermionic emission, and the beam current density of this source is ~1mA/cm² in the space-charge limited regime. Li⁺ emission is lower than the other alkaline ions sources (K⁺, Cs⁺). The lifetime of this source is roughly 50 hours, when pulsed. Characterization of an operational lithium alumino-silicate ion source, including beam emittance, is presented.

TUPPD047

Injection Sequence for High-power Isochronous Cyclotrons for ADS Fission

cyclotron, ion, rfq, emittance

1509

S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, C. Collins, J. Comeaux, R. Garrison, P.M. McIntyre, A. Sattarov
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: This work is supported by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and the Mitchell Family Foundation.
A high-current injector sequence is being developed for use in a flux-coupled stack of high-current cyclotrons for accelerator-driven subcritical (ADS) fission. The design includes an ECR ion source, LEBT, RF quadrupole, and multi-stage chopper. A first cyclotron then accelerates the beams to 100 MeV for injection to the sector isochronous cyclotron. Provisions for control of emittance and bunch tails are described.

TUPPD048

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Studies of the Spallation Netron Source (SNS) H⁻ Ion Source

ion, plasma, neutron, background

1512

B. Han, S.N. Murray
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

A Cs enhanced, RF-driven H⁻ ion source feeds the SNS accelerator with a 65 keV H⁻ beam at 60 Hz with a pulse length of up to 1.0 ms. The ion source beam intensity and reliability are critical to the SNS operational power level and availability. The 1-MW level routine operation of the SNS requires ~38 mA beam in the linac. This requirement is normally met by the ion source in a persistent manner for a 4-5 weeks service-cycle of the ion source. But, in some occasions, the ion source either falls short of the beam current or fails to keep the beam current persistent. The key factor in achieving high current, persistent H⁻ beam is to have a proper coverage of Cs on the ion converter surface near the source outlet. To quantify the amount of Cs put into the system during cesiation(s) and to monitor the Cs migration during the source operation, an experimental study is under way with an optical spectrometer monitoring the emission lights from the ion source plasma. Another possible use of this emission spectroscopy study is to detect the indication of the ion source antenna deterioration before it develops into a total failure. The progress and some preliminary results are presented.

WEPPD070

Automatic Tuner Unit Operation for the Microwave System of the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source

impedance, plasma, ion, controls

2684

L. Muguira, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, M. Eguiraun, F.J. Fernandez Huerta, J. Feuchtwanger, N. Garmendia, O. González, P.J. González
ESS Bilbao, LEIOA, Spain
V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
J. Verdu
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Funding: The present work is supported by the Basque Government and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The operation of the waveguide automatic tuner unit (ATU) for optimizing the impedance matching and the RF power coupling in the ESS-Bilbao H⁺ Ion Source (ISHP) is presented. Since the plasma chamber can be considered as a time varying load impedance for the pulsed RF 2.7 GHz high power generator, several approaches have been studied for accurately measuring the load impedance. In the later case, a set of power detectors connected to electric field probes, IQ demodulators and gain/phase detectors connected to dual directional couplers have been integrated. An experimental comparison of these approaches is presented, showing their accuracy, limitations and error-correction methods. Finally, the control system developed for the automatic operation of the triple capacitive post tuner is described, as well as illustrative results.

THYA03

Critical Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production

target, ion, ISOL, proton

3195

P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Minor, A. Mjøs, B. Moss, M. Nozar
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

This presentation should review the technology challenges and future directions in the production of high intensity RIBs, including the operation of targets/ion sources in high radiation environment, high efficiency charge stripping, and high reliability.

Slides THYA03 [5.010 MB]

THEPPB009

The CRISP Project – Building Synergies between Research Infrastructures

neutron, electron, ion, laser

3248

P. Antici
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

Recently, the European Commission granted 12 M€ for a project aiming at the implementation of common solutions in infrastructures on the ESFRI* roadmap in the fields of physics, astronomy and analytical sciences. The objective of this initiative is to generate synergies in the development of components of interest for several infrastructures and thus promote efficiency and optimisation in the use of resources. The project, called "CRISP (Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics) and started October 2011, gathers many major European large-scale infrastructures (CERN, XFEL, ESRF, ESS, FAIR, ILL, SKA, SLHC, SPIRAL-2, ELI, EuroFEL, ILC-Higrade etc). The generated synergies will be crucial to stimulate scientific and technological progress and to respond to the rapidly evolving user community. A brief overview of the different activities that are part of the project will be given, presenting the innovative approach of crossing boundaries between scientific disciplines and thus generating synergies.
*ESFRI stands for European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures

THPPC013

Progress on Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ Accelerator for Materials Irradiation Research

rfq, cavity, ion, ECR

3302

Z. Wang, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu, S.X. Peng, W.L. Xia, X.Q. Yan, J. Zhao, K. Zhu
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10905003) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
There is always high interest to study material irradiation damage effects based on accelerators. The bombardment of solids with high energy particles causes some changes in many important engineering properties. By implanting helium ions, it may be possible to simulate the damage process occurs in vessels and unravel the complexμstructural andμchemical evolutions that are expected in advanced nuclear energy systems. A materials irradiation facility based on coupled RFQ-SFRFQ accelerator will be built in Peking University, attribute to the commissioning of prototype SFRFQ accelerator, we have coupled the SFRFQ electrodes and the traditional RFQ electrodes in one cavity to form a more compact accelerator which can provide helium beam with energy of 0.8MeV for materials irradiation research.

THPPP040

Heavy-ion Beam Acceleration at RIKEN for the Super-Heavy Element Search

ion, target, ECR, cyclotron

3823

M. Kase, M. Fujimaki, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Aihara, T.O. Ohki, K. Oyamada, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama, H. Yamauchi
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

In RIKEN Nishina accelerator center, the experiment on the super-heavy element (Z=113) search has been being carried out since 2003. The RIKEN heavy-ion linac is supplying a heavy-ion beam of 70Zn with energies around 5MeV/nucleon. The beam intensities are required more than 1 particle maicro amper on the target. Very long-term and stable operations are intrinsic for this kind of experiments. So far two events for Z=113 have been found during a net irradiation time of 10345 hours (431 days) with a total dose 1.1 x 10²⁰ (12.8 mg). Heavy operation of the linac will be reported.

THPPP045

Five Year Operation of the 20-MeV Proton Accelerator at KAERI

linac, proton, site, ion

3838

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.-S. Park, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
A 20-MeV proton linear accelerator has been operating since 2007 by Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon site. The performance test of the accelerator itself has been done with limited operating conditions. In addition, the 20-MeV accelerator was used as a test bench of the 100-MeV accelerator components. Besides the machine study itself, it supplied proton beams to more than 1600 samples for users. The 20-MeV accelerator was disassembled at the end of 2011 and will be installed at Gyeong-Ju site as an injector for the 100-MeV linac in 2012. In this paper, the 5 year operation experiences of the 20-MeV linac at Daejeon site are summarized and the technical issues are discussed.

THPPP051

Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand

ion, rfq, beam-transport, simulation

3856

A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.M.H. Alsari, M. Aslaninejad, A. Kurup, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
C. Gabor, D.C. Plostinar
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Garbayo
AVS, Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain
S. Jolly
UCL, London, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) under construction at RAL is a demonstrator for front end systems of a future high power proton linac. Possible applications include a linac upgrade for the ISIS spallation neutron source, new future neutron sources, accelerator driven sub-critical systems, a neutrino factory etc. Designed to deliver a 60mA H-minus beam at 3MeV with a 10% duty factor, FETS consists of a high brightness ion source, magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT), 4-vane 324MHz radio frequency quadrupole, medium energy beam transport (MEBT) containing a high speed beam chopper plus comprehensive diagnostics. This paper describes the current status of the project and future plans.

THPPP058

PXIE: Project X Injector Experiment

rfq, cryomodule, ion, solenoid

3874

S. Nagaitsev, S.D. Holmes, R.D. Kephart, J.S. Kerby, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, A.V. Shemyakin, N. Solyak, R.P. Stanek
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
D. Li
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA

A multi-MW proton facility, Project X has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. As part of this development program, we are constructing a prototype of the front end of the Project X linac at Fermilab. The construction and successful operations of this facility will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing the primary technical risk element within the Project. The Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) can be constructed over the period FY12-16 and will include an H⁻ ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two SC cryomodules providing up to 30 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA. Successful operations of the facility will demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that will find applications beyond Project X in the longer term.

THPPP092

Progress of the Front-End System Development for Project X at LBNL

rfq, ion, simulation, emittance

3951

D. Li, M.D. Hoff, Q. Ji, A.R. Lambert, T. Schenkel, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
S. Nagaitsev, L.R. Prost, G.V. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C. Zhang
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
A multi-MW proton facility, Project X has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. Project X is a key accelerator complex for intensity frontier of future high energy physics programs in the US. In collaboration with Fermilab, LBNL takes the responsibility in the development and design studies of the front-end system for Project X. The front-end system would consist of H⁻ ion source(s), low-energy beam transport (LEBT), 162.5 MHz normal conducting CW Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, medium-energy beam transport (MEBT), and beam chopper(s). In this paper, we will review and present recent progress of the front-end system studies, which will include the RFQ beam dynamics design, RF structure design, thermal and mechanical analyses and fabrication plan, LEBT simulation studies and concept for LEBT chopper.

THPPR046

Status of the MedAustron Ion Beam Therapy Centre

controls, ion, synchrotron, diagnostics

4077

U. Dorda
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, F. Osmic
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron is a synchrotron based light-ion beam therapy centre for cancer treatment as well as for clinical and non-clinical research currently in its construction phase. The accelerator design is based on the CERN-PIMMS study and its technical implementation by CNAO. This paper presents a status overview over the whole project detailing the achieved progress of the building construction & technical infrastructure installation in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, as well as of the accelerator development, performed at CERN and partially at PSI. The design and procurement status and future planning of the various accelerator components is elaborated.