IPAC2012 - List of Keywords (neutron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYAP01	Accelerator Driven Systems	linac, proton, target, superconducting-RF	6
	D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
	Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.
	Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01	Thorium Energy Futures	target, cyclotron, proton, linac	29
	S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France S. Henderson Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Hutton JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Kelly Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway M. Lindroos ESS, Lund, Sweden P.M. McIntyre Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA A. Norlin IThEO, Sweden H.L. Owen STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.T. Parks University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
	The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.
	Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOEPPB013	Simulation and Measurement of Beam Loss in the Narrow-Gap Undulator Straight Section of the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring	undulator, simulation, vacuum, radiation	106
	J.C. Dooling, M. Borland ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. Simulations indicate the removal of a scraper/collimator in the Sector 37 straight section (SS) of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring (SR) results in increased beam loss in the remaining narrow-gap, insertion device SS, ID4. Modeling with elegant provides loss distributions in the 5-mm aperture vacuum chamber of ID4 and includes the effects of rf system muting and quantum excitation in the bunch. The loss distributions are then used as input to a MARS model of the SS that includes undulator geometry. ID4 has been instrumented with additional monitoring to capture beam loss events, particularly beam dumps. Cerenkov detectors and fiber-optic cable bundles are used to capture temporal profiles of beam loss events. Beam dumps deliver 2600 J to the vacuum chamber and surrounding hardware including undulators. Data indicate a variety of temporal profiles occur during the beam dumps, with the shortest lasting 6 microseconds, FWHM (<2 turns). Such high power and power densities can lead to physical damage of vacuum components if not handled correctly. Touschek scattering loss is also a concern for undulator demagnetization. Comparison of modeling and measurements will be presented.

MOPPC021	Explore the Possibility of Accelerating Polarized He-3 Beam in RHIC	resonance, proton, betatron, closed-orbit	172
	M. Bai, E.D. Courant, W. Fischer, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. As the world’s first high energy polarized proton collider, RHIC has made significant progress in measuring the proton spin structure in the past decade. In order to have better understanding of the contribution of up and down quarks to the proton spin structure, collisions of high energy polarized neutron beams are required. In this paper, we present studies of accelerating polarized Helium-3 in RHIC with the current dual snake configuration. The possibilities of adding two more pairs of snakes for accelerating polarized He-3 were explored. Results of a six snake configuration in RHIC are also reported in the paper.

MOPPD019	Vertical Orbit Excursion FFAG Accelerators with Edge Focussing	proton, injection, lattice, dynamic-aperture	406
	S.J. Brooks STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for the magnets in fixed-field machines. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. The end fields of such magnets with edge angles provide an alternating gradient without the need for reverse bends, thus reducing the machine circumference. Similarly to spiral scaling horizontal FFAGs (but unlike non-scaling versions), the machine has fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range. Rings capable of boosting the 150mm.mrad geometric emittance beam from the ISIS proton synchrotron to 3, 5 and 12GeV using superconducting magnets are presented, the latter corresponding to 2.5MW beam power.

MOPPD050	Dipole Magnet Design for a Bunch Compressor	dipole, linac, proton, focusing	478
	T. Kanesue, L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The FRANZ-ARMADILLO is a Mobley type bunch compressor system at the pulsed intense neutron source FRANZ, under construction at Frankfurt University. The FRANZ-ARMADILLO compresses 9μbunches of a 150 mA, 2 MeV proton beam accelerated by a 175 MHz linac into one short pulse of 1 ns pulse length with 250 kHz repetition rate. In the bunch compressor, two homogeneous dipole magnets and two gradient dipole magnets guide theμbunches, separated by a 5 MHz RF-kicker on individual tracks. The flight path length of theμbunches are determined based on the bunch center velocity and the linac frequency for the longitudinal bunch compression. The gradient dipole magnets provide individual magnetic fields and edge focusing forces to everyμbunch. For the center trajectory, the required parameters are a magnetic field density of 509.2 mT, bending angle of 78.27 deg, and bending radius of 404.5 mm. To satisfy all specifications, field clamps, shims, and chamfer cut will be adopted. The result of the gradient dipole magnet design and the expected performance based on beam dynamics studies will be presented.

MOPPR083	Mechanical Design and Evaluation of the MP-11-like Wire Scanner Prototype	laser, controls, linac, vacuum	984
	S. Rodriguez Esparza, J.D. Gilpatrick, M.E. Gruchalla, A.J. Maestas, J.P. Martinez, J.L. Raybun, F.D. Sattler, J.D. Sedillo, B.G. Smith LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	A wire scanner (WS) is a linearly actuated diagnostic device that uses fiber wires (such as Tungsten or Silicon Carbide) to obtain the position and intensity profile of the proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) particle accelerator. LANSCE will be installing approximately 86 new WS in the near future as part of the LANSCE Risk Mitigation project. These 86 new WS include the replacement of many current WS and some newly added to the current linear accelerator and other beam lines. The reason for the replacement and addition of WS is that many of the existing actuators have parts that are no longer readily available and are difficult to find, thus making maintenance very difficult. One of the main goals is to construct the new WS with as many commercially-available-off-the-shelf components as possible. In addition, faster beam scans (both mechanically and in term of data acquisition) are desired for better operation of the accelerator. This document outlines the mechanical design of the new MP-11-like WS prototype and compares it to a previously built and tested SNS-like WS prototype.

TUXA01	Status of the J-PARC Facility	linac, extraction, hadron, synchrotron	1005
	S. Nagamiya JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	This presentation should provide a summary of the status and eventual re-commissioning of the J-PARC facility following the 2011 earth quake and tsunami.
	Slides TUXA01 [33.003 MB]

TUOAC02	Development of HTS Magnets	dipole, superconductivity, resonance, synchrotron	1095
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, N. Hamatani, N. Izumi, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan T. Kawaguchi KT Science Ltd., Akashi, Japan
	A quarter of a century has passed since the discovery of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials in 1986. Although many prototype devices using HTS wires have been developed, these applications are presently rather limited in accelerator and beam line facilities. We have investigated the performance of HTS wires applied for magnets excited by alternating current (AC) as well as direct current (DC) for a decade. In order to check feasibilities of pulse magnets using HTS wire, we have fabricated a super-ferric dipole magnet to be operated by lumping currents. Upper and lower coil consists of 3 double pancakes of 200 turns. Critical currents were measured of wire measured at 77K. Self-field Ic of wire was higher than 160A. Ic values of double pancakes were 60-70A. After stacking, they were 47A and 51A for the upper and lower coil, respectively. Cooling tests were successfully done and the Ic values were measured to be 280A at 20K. Performance tests are ongoing in the pulse mode operation.
	Slides TUOAC02 [5.252 MB]

TUPPD025	REVIEWOF LOW-ENERGY POSITRON BEAM FACILITIES	positron, target, linac, radiation	1464
	S. Golge, B. Vlahovic NCCU, Durham, USA
	Positrons are produced by processes such as positive beta decay from radioactive isotopes, in nuclear reactor cores from both in-situ radioisotope radiation and pair production, and by accelerator driven beams hitting a converter target. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the prominent existing low-energy e⁺ facilities.

TUPPD048	Optical Emission Spectroscopy Studies of the Spallation Netron Source (SNS) H⁻ Ion Source	ion, ion-source, plasma, background	1512
	B. Han, S.N. Murray ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	A Cs enhanced, RF-driven H⁻ ion source feeds the SNS accelerator with a 65 keV H⁻ beam at 60 Hz with a pulse length of up to 1.0 ms. The ion source beam intensity and reliability are critical to the SNS operational power level and availability. The 1-MW level routine operation of the SNS requires ~38 mA beam in the linac. This requirement is normally met by the ion source in a persistent manner for a 4-5 weeks service-cycle of the ion source. But, in some occasions, the ion source either falls short of the beam current or fails to keep the beam current persistent. The key factor in achieving high current, persistent H⁻ beam is to have a proper coverage of Cs on the ion converter surface near the source outlet. To quantify the amount of Cs put into the system during cesiation(s) and to monitor the Cs migration during the source operation, an experimental study is under way with an optical spectrometer monitoring the emission lights from the ion source plasma. Another possible use of this emission spectroscopy study is to detect the indication of the ion source antenna deterioration before it develops into a total failure. The progress and some preliminary results are presented.

TUPPR007	Beam Background and MDI Design for SuperKEKB/Belle-II	background, luminosity, scattering, radiation	1825
	H. Nakayama, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanazawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Tanaka, T. Tsuboyama KEK, Tsukuba, Japan H. Nakano Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan
	The Belle experiment, operated at the asymmetric electron-positron collider KEKB, had accumulated a data sample with an integrated luminosity of more than 1 ab⁻¹ before the shutdown in June 2010. We have started upgrading both the accelerator and the detector, SuperKEKB and Belle-II, to achieve the target luminosity of 8×10³⁵ cm⁻² s⁻¹. With the increased luminosity, the beam background will be severe. The development of Machine- Detector Interface (MDI) design is crucial to cope with the increased background and protect Belle-II detector. We will present the estimation of impact from each beam background sources at SuperKEKB, such as Touschek-scattering, Beam-gas scattering, radiative Bhabha process, etc.. We will also present our countermeasures against them, such as collimators to stop scattered beam particles, Tungsten shield to protect inner detectors from shower particles, and dedicated beam pipe design around interaction point to stop synchrotron radiation, etc.

WEXB03	Protecting Accelerator Control Systems in the Face of Sophisticated Cyber Attacks	controls, target, monitoring, collider	2101
	S.M. Hartman ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 Recent events at ORNL and the knowledge of the use of the STUXNET virus in another country illustrate the vulnerability of advanced control systems to increasingly intelligent cyber attacks. The threat is clearly evolving and escalating, and techniques for mitigation are clearly of interest to the broader accelerator community. Risks associated with remote access must be balanced against operational efficiency and operating models. This talk should review the ongoing evolution of system architecture and security that permit effective facility operation while protecting against such harmful intrusions.
	Slides WEXB03 [6.747 MB]

WEIC02	Future Medical Accelerator	proton, target, radiation, controls	2152
	K. Yasuoka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.
	Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEEPPB008	HOM Coupler Optimisation for the Superconducting RF Cavities in ESS	HOM, cavity, target, damping	2182
	R. Ainsworth Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Calaga CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Molloy ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s most powerful next generation neutron source. It consists of a linear accelerator, target, and instruments for neutron experiments. The linac is designed to accelerate protons to a final energy of 2.5 GeV , with an average design beam power of 5 MW, for collision with a target used to produce a high neutron flux. A section of the linac will contain Superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities designed to resonate at 704 MHz. Dangerous beam induced modes in these cavities may make the beam unstable and increase the cryogenic load and so couplers are usually installed to provide damping. Previous studies have shown potential designs are susceptible to multipacting, a resonant process which can absorb RF power and lead to heating effects. This paper will show how a coupler suffering from multipacting has been redesigned to limit this effect. Optimisation of the RF damping is also discussed.

WEPPC106	The First ASME Code Stamped Cryomodule at SNS	cryomodule, vacuum, linac, cavity	2465
	M.P. Howell, D.R. Bruce, M.T. Crofford, D.L. Douglas, S.-H. Kim, S.E. Stewart, W.H. Strong ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA R. Afanador, B.S. Hannah, J. Saunders ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J.D. Mammosser JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The first spare cryomodule for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested by SNS personnel. The approach to design for this cryomodule was to hold critical design features identical to the original design such as bayonet positions, coupler positions, cold mass assembly, and overall footprint. However, this is the first SNS cryomodule that meets the pressure requirements put forth in the 10 CFR 851: Worker Safety and Health Program. The most significant difference is that Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was applied to the vacuum vessel of this cryomodule. Applying the pressure code to the helium vessels within the cryomodule was considered. However, it was determined to be schedule prohibitive because it required a code case for materials that are not currently covered by the code. Good engineering practice was applied to the internal components to verify the quality and integrity of the entire cryomodule. The design of the cryomodule, fabrication effort, and cryogenic test results will be reported in this paper.

WEPPD034	Mechanical Design of a High Energy Beam Absorber for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab	cryomodule, radiation, electron, status	2582
	C.M. Baffes, M.D. Church, J.R. Leibfritz, S.A. Oplt, I.L. Rakhno Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy A high energy beam absorber has been built for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab. In the facility’s initial configuration, an electron beam will be accelerated through 3 TTF-type or ILC-type RF cryomodules to an energy of 750MeV. The electron beam will be directed to one of multiple downstream experimental and diagnostic beam lines and then deposited in one of two beam absorbers. The facility is designed to accommodate up to 6 cryomodules, which would produce a 75kW beam at 1.5GeV; this is the driving design condition for the beam absorbers. The beam absorbers consist of water-cooled graphite, aluminum and copper layers contained in a Helium-filled enclosure. This paper describes the mechanical implementation of the beam absorbers, with a focus on thermal design and analysis. In addition, the potential for radiation-induced degradation of the graphite is discussed.

WEPPD035	Design Considerations for an MEBT Chopper Absorber of 2.1MeV H⁻ at the Project X Injector Experiment at Fermilab	vacuum, ion, cryomodule, radiation	2585
	C.M. Baffes, M.H. Awida, A.Z. Chen, Y.I. Eidelman, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, A.V. Shemyakin, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy The Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) will be a prototype of the Project X front end that will be used to validate the design concept and decrease technical risks. One of the most challenging components of PXIE is the wide-band chopping system of the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section, which will form an arbitrary bunch pattern from the initially CW 162.5 MHz 5mA beam. The present scenario assumes diverting 80% of the beam to an absorber to provide a beam with the average current of 1mA to SRF linac. This absorber must withstand a high level of energy deposition and high ion fluence, while being positioned in proximity of the superconductive cavities. This paper discusses design considerations for the absorber, including specific challenges as spreading of energy deposition, management of temperatures and temperature-induced mechanical stresses, radiation effects, surface effects (sputtering and blistering), and maintaining vacuum quality. Thermal and mechanical analyses of a conceptual design are presented, and future plans for the fabrication and testing of a prototype are described.

WEPPP020	Rebunching Low Energy Neutrons by Magnetic Acceleration and Deceleration	dipole, acceleration, controls, focusing	2766
	Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan Y. Arimoto, H.M. Shimizu KEK, Ibaraki, Japan P.W. Geltenbort ILL, Grenoble, France S. Imajo Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan M. Kitaguchi Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan Y. Seki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Yoshioka Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
	Funding: Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research of MEXT under the Program 19GS0210, the Quantum Beam Fundamentals Development Program of the MEXT, and KEK Neutron Program 2009S03. Ultra cold neutrons (UCN) - neutrons with energies less than 300 neV - can be accelerated or decelerated by means of static magnetic and RF fields. The method and experimental setup will be described in detail and the results of a recent first test experiment will be presented. The detail cannot be disclosed until the paper is published.

WEPPP093	Time and Phase Synchronisation at ESS	controls, LLRF, cavity, target	2927
	A.J. Johansson Lund University, Lund, Sweden R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden
	ESS is a next generation spallation source to be built in Lund, Sweden. It is a green field laboratory, and as such it has the opportunity to establish one central timing reference for all systems, from control systems through reference phases for the Linac RF generators to the scientific instruments at the detector. We will here present the proposed architecture for this timing and phase reference system.

THXA01	Producing Medical Isotopes using X-rays	linac, target, electron, extraction	3177
	M.S. de Jong CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
	Funding: Natural Resources Canada Non-reactor-based Isotope Supply Program Contribution Agreement Saskatchewan Crown Investment Corporation Contribution Agreement In recent years, there has been frequent shortages of Mo-99 and its daughter isotope, Tc-99m, which are the most heavily used medical diagnostic radio-isotopes. The Canadian Light Source is leading a project to demonstrate large-scale photo-neutron production of Mo-99 using a high-power 35 MeV electron linac as an alternative to production of Mo-99 from fission of highly enriched U-235 in research reactors. This talk will present the results that have been obtained to date and discuss the commercial potential for this alternative production scheme.
	Slides THXA01 [6.482 MB]

THEPPB009	The CRISP Project – Building Synergies between Research Infrastructures	electron, ion, laser, ion-source	3248
	P. Antici INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	Recently, the European Commission granted 12 M€ for a project aiming at the implementation of common solutions in infrastructures on the ESFRI* roadmap in the fields of physics, astronomy and analytical sciences. The objective of this initiative is to generate synergies in the development of components of interest for several infrastructures and thus promote efficiency and optimisation in the use of resources. The project, called "CRISP (Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics) and started October 2011, gathers many major European large-scale infrastructures (CERN, XFEL, ESRF, ESS, FAIR, ILL, SKA, SLHC, SPIRAL-2, ELI, EuroFEL, ILC-Higrade etc). The generated synergies will be crucial to stimulate scientific and technological progress and to respond to the rapidly evolving user community. A brief overview of the different activities that are part of the project will be given, presenting the innovative approach of crossing boundaries between scientific disciplines and thus generating synergies. *ESFRI stands for European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures

THEPPB010	Simulation of Plasma Window for Gas Target of Neutron Source	plasma, vacuum, target, simulation	3251
	S. Huang, S. BenLiang, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	the demand of intense mono-energy fast neutron beams grow quickly as various applications of neutron are improved. Utilizing the reaction and based on small accelerators especially the modern radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators to get several mA of ion beam to energies in the low MeV range, or even just only connecting to a ion source with LEBT, the neutron source can be as compact as possible to get intense fast neutrons. Traditional gas target of high pressure is sealed by several thick metal foil from the vacuum environment, which will decrease and disperse the energy of the ion beams, and at the same time reduce the strength and cause the production of rays. In the other aspects, the foil window could be damaged with short service life result from the high heat flux of the ion beam injection. To prevent of these problems, a plasma window is designed to maintain a high pressure gap between the gas target (several bar) and the vacuum vessel, with no material window at all. In this article both the computational simulation and experiment results of the plasma window will be included.

THPPD011	Radiation Hard Magnets at the Paul Scherrer Institute	radiation, target, shielding, vacuum	3518
	A.L. Gabard, J.P. Duppich, D. George Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
	Radiation hard magnets have been in operation at PSI for more than 30 years. Throughout this period, extensive experience was gained regarding both the conceptual design of these magnets and their operation. Worldwide, upcoming future projects for high intensity accelerators and spallation sources will create an increasing need for radiation hard magnets. Through a presentation of the PSI main accelerator facilities, this paper describes the lessons learned over the years regarding the operation of radiation hard magnets and explains a few basic design concepts adopted by PSI based on this experience.

THPPD024	Irradiation Effects in Superconducting Magnet Materials at Low Temperature	radiation, solenoid, superconducting-magnet, target	3551
	M.Y. Yoshida, M.I. Iio, S. Mihara, T. Nakamoto, H. Nishiguchi, T. Ogitsu, M. Sugano, K. Yoshimura KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Aoki, T. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, B. Qin, K. Sato, Q. Xu, T. Yoshiie Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	Superconducting magnets for high intensity accelerators and particle sources are exposed to severe radiation from beam collisions and other beam losses. Neutron fluence on the superconducting magnets for the next generation projects of high energy particle physics, such as LHC upgrades and the COMET experiment at J-PARC, is expected to exceed 10²¹ n/m², which is close to the requirements on the fusion reactor magnets. Irradiation effects at low temperature in superconducting magnet materials should be reviewed to estimate the stability of the superconducting magnet system in operation and its life. The pion capture superconducting solenoids for the COMET experiment are designed with aluminum stabilized superconducting cable to reduce the nuclear heating by neutrons. Also, the heat is designed to be transferred in pure aluminum strips. Irradiation effects on the electrical conductance of aluminum stabilizer and other materials are tested at cryogenic temperature using the reactor neutrons. This paper describes the study on the irradiation effects for the magnet developments.

THPPP047	The ESS Control Box	controls, EPICS, target, feedback	3844
	E. Laface ESS, Lund, Sweden M. Reščič Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
	The European Spallation Source will be a 5 MW superconducting proton linac, with fixed target, for the production of a stream of neutrons. The entire machine, the target and all the instruments will be controlled by an Integrated Control System: this is a set of hardware and software tools created to provide the most possible easy and flexible interface for the operator daily usage in the control room. The hardware core of the Integrated Control System is the Control Box, a Linux-based computer designed to provide a common platform for the ESS hardware developers. The software front-end for the Control Box is the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System - EPICS, a standard protocol used to control large facilities such as accelerators or nuclear power plants. In this paper the main characteristics of the Control Box and the EPICS system are presented.

THPPP070	Comparison of the Residual Doses Before and After Resumption of User Operation in J-PARC RCS	injection, alignment, target, scattering	3901
	K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, R. Saeki, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	J-PARC Facilities were damaged by East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, but All Facirities resumed a beam operation from December 2012. In this paper, we report and compare the beam loss distribution and the residual doses before and after resumption of user operation in J-PARC RCS.

THPPP077	Status of the SPES Project: a Neutron Rich ISOL Facility for Re-accelerated RIBs	target, ISOL, proton, cyclotron	3913
	L.A.C. Piazza, A. Andrighetto, G. Bisoffi, P. Favaron, F. Gramegna, A. Lombardi, G.P. Prete, D. Zafiropoulos INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project with the aim to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES Project is under realization at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories site. The SPES Project main goal is to provide a production and accelerator system of exotic beams to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability. The SPES Project is concentrating on the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with mass in the range 80-160. The final energy of the radioactive beams on target will range from few MeV/u up to 11 MeV/u for A=130. The SPES acceleration system will be presented, together with the facility realization status.

THPPR022	Radiation Dose Simulation and Measurement plan for SSRF Beam Lines by Using ATOM Phantoms	photon, radiation, simulation, synchrotron	4008
	Y. Sheng, L.X. Liu, X. Xia, J.Q. Xu SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Radiation dose assessment in advanced synchrotron radiation facility is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of radiation source terms induced by high energy particle accelerator. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is the first third-generation synchrotron facility in China, which was completed in 2009. Radiation dose assessment for workers at SSRF Beam lines is highly concerned. This study presents the dose simulation with Monte Carlo method. The dose simulation was performed with a hybrid phantom coupled into MCNPX code. The hybrid phantom was constructed by combining the ATOM phantom and the Voxel-based Chinese Reference female Phantom, VCRP-woman, originally developed by using the high resolution color photographs. The organs absorbed dose calculated for photon and neutron were compared. An Experiment of measuring the organs dose by using the ATOM phantom will be performed in the near future.

THPPR024	Upgrade of Radiation Monitoring System at SSRF for Top-up Operation	radiation, monitoring, controls, injection	4014
	X. Xia, J. Chen, J.J. Lv, W. Shen, T. Wan, W.F. Wu, X.J. Xu, H. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	The radiation monitoring system (RMS) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is required to upgrade to have dose interlock functions for top-up operation as an important safety issue. This paper describes the basic requirements, design criteria, signal network, and functions of the upgraded radiation monitoring system. Both the prompt dose rate and the accumulative dose alarm were archived for the safety issue after the upgrade. The reliability and stability of the upgraded RMS are in testing for getting operation permission from authority for radiation safety issue.

THPPR033	Tests and Measurements with the Embedded Radiation-monitor-system Prototype for Dosimetry at the European XFEL	radiation, undulator, linac, electron	4041
	F. Schmidt-Föhre, D. Nölle, R. Susen, K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	A new Embedded Radiation-Monitor-System is currently under development for use in the upcoming European XFEL, that is being built at a length of approx. 3.4 km between the campus of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY at Hamburg and Schenefeld at Schleswig-Holstein. Most of the electronic systems cabinets for machine control, diagnostics and safety of the XFEL will be located inside the accelerator tunnel. To prevent significant radiation damage at electronic systems in certain sections of the XFEL, all electronic cabinets inside the tunnel will be sufficiently shielded according to pre-estimated radiation levels. In addition, accumulated dose inside these electronic cabinets and in undulator regions will be monitored for the impact of Gamma- and Neutron-radiation by a new radiation monitor system. Life cycle estimations for these electronics and the undulators will provide safety limits for correct function and in time part exchange due to radiation, before significant radiation damage occurs. A prototype of the Gamma radiation-monitor system section has been successfully designed and tested at the DESY Linac II. Prototype tests and according measurements will be presented.

THPPR048	Construction of a BNCT Facility using an 8-MeV High Power Proton Linac in Tokai	proton, target, radioactivity, DTL	4083
	H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Matsumoto, M. Yoshioka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Hashirano, F. Inoue, K. Sennyu, T. Sugano MHI, Hiroshima, Japan F. Hiraga, Y. Kiyanagi Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan H. Kumada Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan A. Matsumura, H. Sakurai Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan T. Nakamura, H. Nakashima, T. Shibata JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Ohba, Su. Tanaka Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan
	An accelerator-based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) facility is now under construction and the entire system including the patient treatment system will be installed in the Ibaraki Medical Center for Advanced Neutron Therapy (tentative name). The linac specification is 8 MeV with 10 mA of average current (80 kW) with a duty factor of 20%. The linac is composed of a 3-MeV RFQ and a drift-tube linac and can accelerate a peak current of 50 mA up to 8-MeV. The neutron producing target is a 0.5 mm thick beryllium disk 150 mm in diameter which is formed on a heat sink plate. The material components used in the neutron moderator system, including the target, should be selected to have a reduced residual radio-activity. Special attention should be paid to mitigate the swelling of target materials due to hydrogen implantation as well. The development of an accelerator-based BNCT suited for practical application requires input from a wide spread of technical specialties. To obtain the needed breath and strength, we have organized our team with contributing members from diverse institutes and companies. The research and development activities of this integrated team will be presented.

THPPR061	Optimisation Studies of Accelerator Driven Fertile to Fissile Conversion Rates in Thorium Fuel Cycle	proton, simulation, target, scattering	4112
	C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The need for proliferation-resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn up and improved waste form characteristics has led to a renewed worldwide interest in thorium-based fuels and fuel cycles. In this paper the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate the Thorium-Uranium fuel cycle. The accelerator driven fertile to fissile conversion rates have been calculated for various geometries. Several new classes have been added by the authors to the GEANT4 simulation code, an extension which allows the state-of-the-art code to be used for the first time for nuclear reactor criticality calculations.

THPPR062	Handling GEM*STER Volatile Radioactive Fission Products	proton, target, simulation, ion	4115
	M. Notani, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA C. Bowman ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	A next-generation advanced technology of nuclear power has been developed for many years. One of the promising future reactor designs with accelerator-produced neutrons is GEMSTAR (Green Energy MultiplierSubcritical Technology for Alternative Reactors) developed by Accelerator Driven Neutron Application (ADNA), which is a subcritical thermal-spectrum reactor operating with molten salt fuel in a graphite matrix. GEMSTAR is able to use natural uranium as well as unreprocessed spent fuel from light-water reactors (LWR), generating as much electricity as the LWR had generated from the same fuel. Since the advanced design of GEMSTAR is quite different from LWR that uses solid nuclear fuel loaded in the Zircaloy, it requires emission control for volatiles emitted from the molten salt fuel, like as radioactive iodine and cesium. The volatiles caught in the helium gas circulating around the core reactor will be trapped in the cryogenic bottles. Numerical simulations to estimate the amount of fission products were performed for the design of confinement of the volatiles. The result of simulation with spent nuclear fuel from LWR is presented.

THPPR067	A Conceptual 3-GeV LANSCE Linac Upgrade for Enhanced Proton Radiography	proton, linac, rfq, cryomodule	4130
	R.W. Garnett, F.E. Merrill, J.F. O'Hara, D. Rees, L. Rybarcyk, T. Tajima, P.L. Walstrom LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 A conceptual design of a 3-GeV linac upgrade that would enable enhanced proton radiography at LANSCE is presented. The upgrade is based on the use of superconducting accelerating cavities to increase the present LANSCE linac output energy from 800 MeV to 3 GeV. The LANSCE linac at Los Alamos National Laboratory currently provides H⁻ and H⁺ beams to several user facilities that support Isotope Production, NNSA Stockpile Stewardship, and Basic Energy Science programs. Required changes to the front-end and to the RF systems to meet the new performance goals, and changes to the existing beam switchyard to maintain operations for a robust user program are also described.

THPPR073	Target Studies for the Production of Lithium 8 for Neutrino Physics Using a Low Energy Cyclotron	target, proton, simulation, cyclotron	4145
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the antineutrino fluxes that could be obtained in a practical system. We also calculate the production of undesirable contaminants such as Boron 8, and show that these can be reduced to a very low level.

THPPR074	Simulations of Pion Production in the DAEδALUS Target	proton, target, simulation, hadron	4148
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.M. Conrad, T. Smidt, J. Spitz MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	DAEδALUS, the Decay At-rest Experiment for δCP At the Laboratory for Underground Science will look for evidence of CP-violation in the neutrino sector, which may explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in our universe. It will make precision measurements of oscillations of anti-muon neutrinos to anti-electron neutrinos using multiple neutrino sources created by low-cost compact cyclotrons. DAEδALUS will utilize a decay-at-rest neutrino beam produced by 800 MeV protons impacting a graphite target. Two well established Monte Carlo codes, MARS and GEANT4, have been used to optimize the design and the performance of the target. A benchmarking of the results obtained with these codes is also presented in this paper.

THPPR076	Optimising Neutron Production From Compact Low Energy Accelerators	target, proton, simulation, cyclotron	4154
	N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom T.R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations, with other models and experimental results, before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production.

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOYAP01

Accelerator Driven Systems

linac, proton, target, superconducting-RF

6

D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium

Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.

Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01

Thorium Energy Futures

target, cyclotron, proton, linac

29

S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth
Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA
R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
S. Henderson
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Hutton
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Kelly
Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway
M. Lindroos
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.M. McIntyre
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
A. Norlin
IThEO, Sweden
H.L. Owen
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.T. Parks
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.

Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOEPPB013

Simulation and Measurement of Beam Loss in the Narrow-Gap Undulator Straight Section of the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring

undulator, simulation, vacuum, radiation

106

J.C. Dooling, M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Simulations indicate the removal of a scraper/collimator in the Sector 37 straight section (SS) of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring (SR) results in increased beam loss in the remaining narrow-gap, insertion device SS, ID4. Modeling with elegant provides loss distributions in the 5-mm aperture vacuum chamber of ID4 and includes the effects of rf system muting and quantum excitation in the bunch. The loss distributions are then used as input to a MARS model of the SS that includes undulator geometry. ID4 has been instrumented with additional monitoring to capture beam loss events, particularly beam dumps. Cerenkov detectors and fiber-optic cable bundles are used to capture temporal profiles of beam loss events. Beam dumps deliver 2600 J to the vacuum chamber and surrounding hardware including undulators. Data indicate a variety of temporal profiles occur during the beam dumps, with the shortest lasting 6 microseconds, FWHM (<2 turns). Such high power and power densities can lead to physical damage of vacuum components if not handled correctly. Touschek scattering loss is also a concern for undulator demagnetization. Comparison of modeling and measurements will be presented.

MOPPC021

Explore the Possibility of Accelerating Polarized He-3 Beam in RHIC

resonance, proton, betatron, closed-orbit

172

M. Bai, E.D. Courant, W. Fischer, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
As the world’s first high energy polarized proton collider, RHIC has made significant progress in measuring the proton spin structure in the past decade. In order to have better understanding of the contribution of up and down quarks to the proton spin structure, collisions of high energy polarized neutron beams are required. In this paper, we present studies of accelerating polarized Helium-3 in RHIC with the current dual snake configuration. The possibilities of adding two more pairs of snakes for accelerating polarized He-3 were explored. Results of a six snake configuration in RHIC are also reported in the paper.

MOPPD019

Vertical Orbit Excursion FFAG Accelerators with Edge Focussing

proton, injection, lattice, dynamic-aperture

406

S.J. Brooks
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for the magnets in fixed-field machines. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. The end fields of such magnets with edge angles provide an alternating gradient without the need for reverse bends, thus reducing the machine circumference. Similarly to spiral scaling horizontal FFAGs (but unlike non-scaling versions), the machine has fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range. Rings capable of boosting the 150mm.mrad geometric emittance beam from the ISIS proton synchrotron to 3, 5 and 12GeV using superconducting magnets are presented, the latter corresponding to 2.5MW beam power.

MOPPD050

Dipole Magnet Design for a Bunch Compressor

dipole, linac, proton, focusing

478

T. Kanesue, L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, D. Noll, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The FRANZ-ARMADILLO is a Mobley type bunch compressor system at the pulsed intense neutron source FRANZ, under construction at Frankfurt University. The FRANZ-ARMADILLO compresses 9μbunches of a 150 mA, 2 MeV proton beam accelerated by a 175 MHz linac into one short pulse of 1 ns pulse length with 250 kHz repetition rate. In the bunch compressor, two homogeneous dipole magnets and two gradient dipole magnets guide theμbunches, separated by a 5 MHz RF-kicker on individual tracks. The flight path length of theμbunches are determined based on the bunch center velocity and the linac frequency for the longitudinal bunch compression. The gradient dipole magnets provide individual magnetic fields and edge focusing forces to everyμbunch. For the center trajectory, the required parameters are a magnetic field density of 509.2 mT, bending angle of 78.27 deg, and bending radius of 404.5 mm. To satisfy all specifications, field clamps, shims, and chamfer cut will be adopted. The result of the gradient dipole magnet design and the expected performance based on beam dynamics studies will be presented.

MOPPR083

Mechanical Design and Evaluation of the MP-11-like Wire Scanner Prototype

laser, controls, linac, vacuum

984

S. Rodriguez Esparza, J.D. Gilpatrick, M.E. Gruchalla, A.J. Maestas, J.P. Martinez, J.L. Raybun, F.D. Sattler, J.D. Sedillo, B.G. Smith
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

A wire scanner (WS) is a linearly actuated diagnostic device that uses fiber wires (such as Tungsten or Silicon Carbide) to obtain the position and intensity profile of the proton beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) particle accelerator. LANSCE will be installing approximately 86 new WS in the near future as part of the LANSCE Risk Mitigation project. These 86 new WS include the replacement of many current WS and some newly added to the current linear accelerator and other beam lines. The reason for the replacement and addition of WS is that many of the existing actuators have parts that are no longer readily available and are difficult to find, thus making maintenance very difficult. One of the main goals is to construct the new WS with as many commercially-available-off-the-shelf components as possible. In addition, faster beam scans (both mechanically and in term of data acquisition) are desired for better operation of the accelerator. This document outlines the mechanical design of the new MP-11-like WS prototype and compares it to a previously built and tested SNS-like WS prototype.

TUXA01

Status of the J-PARC Facility

linac, extraction, hadron, synchrotron

1005

S. Nagamiya
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

This presentation should provide a summary of the status and eventual re-commissioning of the J-PARC facility following the 2011 earth quake and tsunami.

Slides TUXA01 [33.003 MB]

TUOAC02

Development of HTS Magnets

dipole, superconductivity, resonance, synchrotron

1095

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, N. Hamatani, N. Izumi, K. Kamakura, T. Saito, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan
T. Kawaguchi
KT Science Ltd., Akashi, Japan

A quarter of a century has passed since the discovery of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials in 1986. Although many prototype devices using HTS wires have been developed, these applications are presently rather limited in accelerator and beam line facilities. We have investigated the performance of HTS wires applied for magnets excited by alternating current (AC) as well as direct current (DC) for a decade. In order to check feasibilities of pulse magnets using HTS wire, we have fabricated a super-ferric dipole magnet to be operated by lumping currents. Upper and lower coil consists of 3 double pancakes of 200 turns. Critical currents were measured of wire measured at 77K. Self-field Ic of wire was higher than 160A. Ic values of double pancakes were 60-70A. After stacking, they were 47A and 51A for the upper and lower coil, respectively. Cooling tests were successfully done and the Ic values were measured to be 280A at 20K. Performance tests are ongoing in the pulse mode operation.

Slides TUOAC02 [5.252 MB]

TUPPD025

REVIEWOF LOW-ENERGY POSITRON BEAM FACILITIES

positron, target, linac, radiation

1464

S. Golge, B. Vlahovic
NCCU, Durham, USA

Positrons are produced by processes such as positive beta decay from radioactive isotopes, in nuclear reactor cores from both in-situ radioisotope radiation and pair production, and by accelerator driven beams hitting a converter target. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the prominent existing low-energy e⁺ facilities.

TUPPD048

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Studies of the Spallation Netron Source (SNS) H⁻ Ion Source

ion, ion-source, plasma, background

1512

B. Han, S.N. Murray
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
T.R. Pennisi, M. Santana, M.P. Stockli, R.F. Welton
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

A Cs enhanced, RF-driven H⁻ ion source feeds the SNS accelerator with a 65 keV H⁻ beam at 60 Hz with a pulse length of up to 1.0 ms. The ion source beam intensity and reliability are critical to the SNS operational power level and availability. The 1-MW level routine operation of the SNS requires ~38 mA beam in the linac. This requirement is normally met by the ion source in a persistent manner for a 4-5 weeks service-cycle of the ion source. But, in some occasions, the ion source either falls short of the beam current or fails to keep the beam current persistent. The key factor in achieving high current, persistent H⁻ beam is to have a proper coverage of Cs on the ion converter surface near the source outlet. To quantify the amount of Cs put into the system during cesiation(s) and to monitor the Cs migration during the source operation, an experimental study is under way with an optical spectrometer monitoring the emission lights from the ion source plasma. Another possible use of this emission spectroscopy study is to detect the indication of the ion source antenna deterioration before it develops into a total failure. The progress and some preliminary results are presented.

TUPPR007

Beam Background and MDI Design for SuperKEKB/Belle-II

background, luminosity, scattering, radiation

1825

H. Nakayama, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanazawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Tanaka, T. Tsuboyama
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
H. Nakano
Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan

The Belle experiment, operated at the asymmetric electron-positron collider KEKB, had accumulated a data sample with an integrated luminosity of more than 1 ab⁻¹ before the shutdown in June 2010. We have started upgrading both the accelerator and the detector, SuperKEKB and Belle-II, to achieve the target luminosity of 8×10³⁵ cm⁻² s⁻¹. With the increased luminosity, the beam background will be severe. The development of Machine- Detector Interface (MDI) design is crucial to cope with the increased background and protect Belle-II detector. We will present the estimation of impact from each beam background sources at SuperKEKB, such as Touschek-scattering, Beam-gas scattering, radiative Bhabha process, etc.. We will also present our countermeasures against them, such as collimators to stop scattered beam particles, Tungsten shield to protect inner detectors from shower particles, and dedicated beam pipe design around interaction point to stop synchrotron radiation, etc.

WEXB03

Protecting Accelerator Control Systems in the Face of Sophisticated Cyber Attacks

controls, target, monitoring, collider

2101

S.M. Hartman
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725
Recent events at ORNL and the knowledge of the use of the STUXNET virus in another country illustrate the vulnerability of advanced control systems to increasingly intelligent cyber attacks. The threat is clearly evolving and escalating, and techniques for mitigation are clearly of interest to the broader accelerator community. Risks associated with remote access must be balanced against operational efficiency and operating models. This talk should review the ongoing evolution of system architecture and security that permit effective facility operation while protecting against such harmful intrusions.

Slides WEXB03 [6.747 MB]

WEIC02

Future Medical Accelerator

proton, target, radiation, controls

2152

K. Yasuoka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan

In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.

Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEEPPB008

HOM Coupler Optimisation for the Superconducting RF Cavities in ESS

HOM, cavity, target, damping

2182

R. Ainsworth
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Calaga
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Molloy
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s most powerful next generation neutron source. It consists of a linear accelerator, target, and instruments for neutron experiments. The linac is designed to accelerate protons to a final energy of 2.5 GeV , with an average design beam power of 5 MW, for collision with a target used to produce a high neutron flux. A section of the linac will contain Superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities designed to resonate at 704 MHz. Dangerous beam induced modes in these cavities may make the beam unstable and increase the cryogenic load and so couplers are usually installed to provide damping. Previous studies have shown potential designs are susceptible to multipacting, a resonant process which can absorb RF power and lead to heating effects. This paper will show how a coupler suffering from multipacting has been redesigned to limit this effect. Optimisation of the RF damping is also discussed.

WEPPC106

The First ASME Code Stamped Cryomodule at SNS

cryomodule, vacuum, linac, cavity

2465

M.P. Howell, D.R. Bruce, M.T. Crofford, D.L. Douglas, S.-H. Kim, S.E. Stewart, W.H. Strong
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
R. Afanador, B.S. Hannah, J. Saunders
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J.D. Mammosser
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The first spare cryomodule for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested by SNS personnel. The approach to design for this cryomodule was to hold critical design features identical to the original design such as bayonet positions, coupler positions, cold mass assembly, and overall footprint. However, this is the first SNS cryomodule that meets the pressure requirements put forth in the 10 CFR 851: Worker Safety and Health Program. The most significant difference is that Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was applied to the vacuum vessel of this cryomodule. Applying the pressure code to the helium vessels within the cryomodule was considered. However, it was determined to be schedule prohibitive because it required a code case for materials that are not currently covered by the code. Good engineering practice was applied to the internal components to verify the quality and integrity of the entire cryomodule. The design of the cryomodule, fabrication effort, and cryogenic test results will be reported in this paper.

WEPPD034

Mechanical Design of a High Energy Beam Absorber for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab

cryomodule, radiation, electron, status

2582

C.M. Baffes, M.D. Church, J.R. Leibfritz, S.A. Oplt, I.L. Rakhno
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
A high energy beam absorber has been built for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab. In the facility’s initial configuration, an electron beam will be accelerated through 3 TTF-type or ILC-type RF cryomodules to an energy of 750MeV. The electron beam will be directed to one of multiple downstream experimental and diagnostic beam lines and then deposited in one of two beam absorbers. The facility is designed to accommodate up to 6 cryomodules, which would produce a 75kW beam at 1.5GeV; this is the driving design condition for the beam absorbers. The beam absorbers consist of water-cooled graphite, aluminum and copper layers contained in a Helium-filled enclosure. This paper describes the mechanical implementation of the beam absorbers, with a focus on thermal design and analysis. In addition, the potential for radiation-induced degradation of the graphite is discussed.

WEPPD035

Design Considerations for an MEBT Chopper Absorber of 2.1MeV H⁻ at the Project X Injector Experiment at Fermilab

vacuum, ion, cryomodule, radiation

2585

C.M. Baffes, M.H. Awida, A.Z. Chen, Y.I. Eidelman, V.A. Lebedev, L.R. Prost, A.V. Shemyakin, N. Solyak, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
The Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) will be a prototype of the Project X front end that will be used to validate the design concept and decrease technical risks. One of the most challenging components of PXIE is the wide-band chopping system of the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section, which will form an arbitrary bunch pattern from the initially CW 162.5 MHz 5mA beam. The present scenario assumes diverting 80% of the beam to an absorber to provide a beam with the average current of 1mA to SRF linac. This absorber must withstand a high level of energy deposition and high ion fluence, while being positioned in proximity of the superconductive cavities. This paper discusses design considerations for the absorber, including specific challenges as spreading of energy deposition, management of temperatures and temperature-induced mechanical stresses, radiation effects, surface effects (sputtering and blistering), and maintaining vacuum quality. Thermal and mechanical analyses of a conceptual design are presented, and future plans for the fabrication and testing of a prototype are described.

WEPPP020

Rebunching Low Energy Neutrons by Magnetic Acceleration and Deceleration

dipole, acceleration, controls, focusing

2766

Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Y. Arimoto, H.M. Shimizu
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
P.W. Geltenbort
ILL, Grenoble, France
S. Imajo
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
M. Kitaguchi
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
Y. Seki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Yoshioka
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Funding: Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research of MEXT under the Program 19GS0210, the Quantum Beam Fundamentals Development Program of the MEXT, and KEK Neutron Program 2009S03.
Ultra cold neutrons (UCN) - neutrons with energies less than 300 neV - can be accelerated or decelerated by means of static magnetic and RF fields. The method and experimental setup will be described in detail and the results of a recent first test experiment will be presented. The detail cannot be disclosed until the paper is published.

WEPPP093

Time and Phase Synchronisation at ESS

controls, LLRF, cavity, target

2927

A.J. Johansson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden

ESS is a next generation spallation source to be built in Lund, Sweden. It is a green field laboratory, and as such it has the opportunity to establish one central timing reference for all systems, from control systems through reference phases for the Linac RF generators to the scientific instruments at the detector. We will here present the proposed architecture for this timing and phase reference system.

THXA01

Producing Medical Isotopes using X-rays

linac, target, electron, extraction

3177

M.S. de Jong
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Funding: Natural Resources Canada Non-reactor-based Isotope Supply Program Contribution Agreement Saskatchewan Crown Investment Corporation Contribution Agreement
In recent years, there has been frequent shortages of Mo-99 and its daughter isotope, Tc-99m, which are the most heavily used medical diagnostic radio-isotopes. The Canadian Light Source is leading a project to demonstrate large-scale photo-neutron production of Mo-99 using a high-power 35 MeV electron linac as an alternative to production of Mo-99 from fission of highly enriched U-235 in research reactors. This talk will present the results that have been obtained to date and discuss the commercial potential for this alternative production scheme.

Slides THXA01 [6.482 MB]

THEPPB009

The CRISP Project – Building Synergies between Research Infrastructures

electron, ion, laser, ion-source

3248

P. Antici
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

Recently, the European Commission granted 12 M€ for a project aiming at the implementation of common solutions in infrastructures on the ESFRI* roadmap in the fields of physics, astronomy and analytical sciences. The objective of this initiative is to generate synergies in the development of components of interest for several infrastructures and thus promote efficiency and optimisation in the use of resources. The project, called "CRISP (Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics) and started October 2011, gathers many major European large-scale infrastructures (CERN, XFEL, ESRF, ESS, FAIR, ILL, SKA, SLHC, SPIRAL-2, ELI, EuroFEL, ILC-Higrade etc). The generated synergies will be crucial to stimulate scientific and technological progress and to respond to the rapidly evolving user community. A brief overview of the different activities that are part of the project will be given, presenting the innovative approach of crossing boundaries between scientific disciplines and thus generating synergies.
*ESFRI stands for European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures

THEPPB010

Simulation of Plasma Window for Gas Target of Neutron Source

plasma, vacuum, target, simulation

3251

S. Huang, S. BenLiang, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

the demand of intense mono-energy fast neutron beams grow quickly as various applications of neutron are improved. Utilizing the reaction and based on small accelerators especially the modern radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators to get several mA of ion beam to energies in the low MeV range, or even just only connecting to a ion source with LEBT, the neutron source can be as compact as possible to get intense fast neutrons. Traditional gas target of high pressure is sealed by several thick metal foil from the vacuum environment, which will decrease and disperse the energy of the ion beams, and at the same time reduce the strength and cause the production of rays. In the other aspects, the foil window could be damaged with short service life result from the high heat flux of the ion beam injection. To prevent of these problems, a plasma window is designed to maintain a high pressure gap between the gas target (several bar) and the vacuum vessel, with no material window at all. In this article both the computational simulation and experiment results of the plasma window will be included.

THPPD011

Radiation Hard Magnets at the Paul Scherrer Institute

radiation, target, shielding, vacuum

3518

A.L. Gabard, J.P. Duppich, D. George
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

Radiation hard magnets have been in operation at PSI for more than 30 years. Throughout this period, extensive experience was gained regarding both the conceptual design of these magnets and their operation. Worldwide, upcoming future projects for high intensity accelerators and spallation sources will create an increasing need for radiation hard magnets. Through a presentation of the PSI main accelerator facilities, this paper describes the lessons learned over the years regarding the operation of radiation hard magnets and explains a few basic design concepts adopted by PSI based on this experience.

THPPD024

Irradiation Effects in Superconducting Magnet Materials at Low Temperature

radiation, solenoid, superconducting-magnet, target

3551

M.Y. Yoshida, M.I. Iio, S. Mihara, T. Nakamoto, H. Nishiguchi, T. Ogitsu, M. Sugano, K. Yoshimura
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Aoki, T. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, B. Qin, K. Sato, Q. Xu, T. Yoshiie
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

Superconducting magnets for high intensity accelerators and particle sources are exposed to severe radiation from beam collisions and other beam losses. Neutron fluence on the superconducting magnets for the next generation projects of high energy particle physics, such as LHC upgrades and the COMET experiment at J-PARC, is expected to exceed 10²¹ n/m², which is close to the requirements on the fusion reactor magnets. Irradiation effects at low temperature in superconducting magnet materials should be reviewed to estimate the stability of the superconducting magnet system in operation and its life. The pion capture superconducting solenoids for the COMET experiment are designed with aluminum stabilized superconducting cable to reduce the nuclear heating by neutrons. Also, the heat is designed to be transferred in pure aluminum strips. Irradiation effects on the electrical conductance of aluminum stabilizer and other materials are tested at cryogenic temperature using the reactor neutrons. This paper describes the study on the irradiation effects for the magnet developments.

THPPP047

The ESS Control Box

controls, EPICS, target, feedback

3844

E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Reščič
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia

The European Spallation Source will be a 5 MW superconducting proton linac, with fixed target, for the production of a stream of neutrons. The entire machine, the target and all the instruments will be controlled by an Integrated Control System: this is a set of hardware and software tools created to provide the most possible easy and flexible interface for the operator daily usage in the control room. The hardware core of the Integrated Control System is the Control Box, a Linux-based computer designed to provide a common platform for the ESS hardware developers. The software front-end for the Control Box is the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System - EPICS, a standard protocol used to control large facilities such as accelerators or nuclear power plants. In this paper the main characteristics of the Control Box and the EPICS system are presented.

THPPP070

Comparison of the Residual Doses Before and After Resumption of User Operation in J-PARC RCS

injection, alignment, target, scattering

3901

K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, R. Saeki, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

J-PARC Facilities were damaged by East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, but All Facirities resumed a beam operation from December 2012. In this paper, we report and compare the beam loss distribution and the residual doses before and after resumption of user operation in J-PARC RCS.

THPPP077

Status of the SPES Project: a Neutron Rich ISOL Facility for Re-accelerated RIBs

target, ISOL, proton, cyclotron

3913

L.A.C. Piazza, A. Andrighetto, G. Bisoffi, P. Favaron, F. Gramegna, A. Lombardi, G.P. Prete, D. Zafiropoulos
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project with the aim to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES Project is under realization at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories site. The SPES Project main goal is to provide a production and accelerator system of exotic beams to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability. The SPES Project is concentrating on the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with mass in the range 80-160. The final energy of the radioactive beams on target will range from few MeV/u up to 11 MeV/u for A=130. The SPES acceleration system will be presented, together with the facility realization status.

THPPR022

Radiation Dose Simulation and Measurement plan for SSRF Beam Lines by Using ATOM Phantoms

photon, radiation, simulation, synchrotron

4008

Y. Sheng, L.X. Liu, X. Xia, J.Q. Xu
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Radiation dose assessment in advanced synchrotron radiation facility is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of radiation source terms induced by high energy particle accelerator. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is the first third-generation synchrotron facility in China, which was completed in 2009. Radiation dose assessment for workers at SSRF Beam lines is highly concerned. This study presents the dose simulation with Monte Carlo method. The dose simulation was performed with a hybrid phantom coupled into MCNPX code. The hybrid phantom was constructed by combining the ATOM phantom and the Voxel-based Chinese Reference female Phantom, VCRP-woman, originally developed by using the high resolution color photographs. The organs absorbed dose calculated for photon and neutron were compared. An Experiment of measuring the organs dose by using the ATOM phantom will be performed in the near future.

THPPR024

Upgrade of Radiation Monitoring System at SSRF for Top-up Operation

radiation, monitoring, controls, injection

4014

X. Xia, J. Chen, J.J. Lv, W. Shen, T. Wan, W.F. Wu, X.J. Xu, H. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

The radiation monitoring system (RMS) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is required to upgrade to have dose interlock functions for top-up operation as an important safety issue. This paper describes the basic requirements, design criteria, signal network, and functions of the upgraded radiation monitoring system. Both the prompt dose rate and the accumulative dose alarm were archived for the safety issue after the upgrade. The reliability and stability of the upgraded RMS are in testing for getting operation permission from authority for radiation safety issue.

THPPR033

Tests and Measurements with the Embedded Radiation-monitor-system Prototype for Dosimetry at the European XFEL

radiation, undulator, linac, electron

4041

F. Schmidt-Föhre, D. Nölle, R. Susen, K. Wittenburg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

A new Embedded Radiation-Monitor-System is currently under development for use in the upcoming European XFEL, that is being built at a length of approx. 3.4 km between the campus of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY at Hamburg and Schenefeld at Schleswig-Holstein. Most of the electronic systems cabinets for machine control, diagnostics and safety of the XFEL will be located inside the accelerator tunnel. To prevent significant radiation damage at electronic systems in certain sections of the XFEL, all electronic cabinets inside the tunnel will be sufficiently shielded according to pre-estimated radiation levels. In addition, accumulated dose inside these electronic cabinets and in undulator regions will be monitored for the impact of Gamma- and Neutron-radiation by a new radiation monitor system. Life cycle estimations for these electronics and the undulators will provide safety limits for correct function and in time part exchange due to radiation, before significant radiation damage occurs. A prototype of the Gamma radiation-monitor system section has been successfully designed and tested at the DESY Linac II. Prototype tests and according measurements will be presented.

THPPR048

Construction of a BNCT Facility using an 8-MeV High Power Proton Linac in Tokai

proton, target, radioactivity, DTL

4083

H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Matsumoto, M. Yoshioka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hashirano, F. Inoue, K. Sennyu, T. Sugano
MHI, Hiroshima, Japan
F. Hiraga, Y. Kiyanagi
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
H. Kumada
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Matsumura, H. Sakurai
Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Nakamura, H. Nakashima, T. Shibata
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Ohba, Su. Tanaka
Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan

An accelerator-based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) facility is now under construction and the entire system including the patient treatment system will be installed in the Ibaraki Medical Center for Advanced Neutron Therapy (tentative name). The linac specification is 8 MeV with 10 mA of average current (80 kW) with a duty factor of 20%. The linac is composed of a 3-MeV RFQ and a drift-tube linac and can accelerate a peak current of 50 mA up to 8-MeV. The neutron producing target is a 0.5 mm thick beryllium disk 150 mm in diameter which is formed on a heat sink plate. The material components used in the neutron moderator system, including the target, should be selected to have a reduced residual radio-activity. Special attention should be paid to mitigate the swelling of target materials due to hydrogen implantation as well. The development of an accelerator-based BNCT suited for practical application requires input from a wide spread of technical specialties. To obtain the needed breath and strength, we have organized our team with contributing members from diverse institutes and companies. The research and development activities of this integrated team will be presented.

THPPR061

Optimisation Studies of Accelerator Driven Fertile to Fissile Conversion Rates in Thorium Fuel Cycle

proton, simulation, target, scattering

4112

C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The need for proliferation-resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn up and improved waste form characteristics has led to a renewed worldwide interest in thorium-based fuels and fuel cycles. In this paper the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate the Thorium-Uranium fuel cycle. The accelerator driven fertile to fissile conversion rates have been calculated for various geometries. Several new classes have been added by the authors to the GEANT4 simulation code, an extension which allows the state-of-the-art code to be used for the first time for nuclear reactor criticality calculations.

THPPR062

Handling GEM*STER Volatile Radioactive Fission Products

proton, target, simulation, ion

4115

M. Notani, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

A next-generation advanced technology of nuclear power has been developed for many years. One of the promising future reactor designs with accelerator-produced neutrons is GEM*STAR (Green Energy Multiplier*Subcritical Technology for Alternative Reactors) developed by Accelerator Driven Neutron Application (ADNA), which is a subcritical thermal-spectrum reactor operating with molten salt fuel in a graphite matrix. GEM*STAR is able to use natural uranium as well as unreprocessed spent fuel from light-water reactors (LWR), generating as much electricity as the LWR had generated from the same fuel. Since the advanced design of GEM*STAR is quite different from LWR that uses solid nuclear fuel loaded in the Zircaloy, it requires emission control for volatiles emitted from the molten salt fuel, like as radioactive iodine and cesium. The volatiles caught in the helium gas circulating around the core reactor will be trapped in the cryogenic bottles. Numerical simulations to estimate the amount of fission products were performed for the design of confinement of the volatiles. The result of simulation with spent nuclear fuel from LWR is presented.

THPPR067

A Conceptual 3-GeV LANSCE Linac Upgrade for Enhanced Proton Radiography

proton, linac, rfq, cryomodule

4130

R.W. Garnett, F.E. Merrill, J.F. O'Hara, D. Rees, L. Rybarcyk, T. Tajima, P.L. Walstrom
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396
A conceptual design of a 3-GeV linac upgrade that would enable enhanced proton radiography at LANSCE is presented. The upgrade is based on the use of superconducting accelerating cavities to increase the present LANSCE linac output energy from 800 MeV to 3 GeV. The LANSCE linac at Los Alamos National Laboratory currently provides H⁻ and H⁺ beams to several user facilities that support Isotope Production, NNSA Stockpile Stewardship, and Basic Energy Science programs. Required changes to the front-end and to the RF systems to meet the new performance goals, and changes to the existing beam switchyard to maintain operations for a robust user program are also described.

THPPR073

Target Studies for the Production of Lithium 8 for Neutrino Physics Using a Low Energy Cyclotron

target, proton, simulation, cyclotron

4145

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the antineutrino fluxes that could be obtained in a practical system. We also calculate the production of undesirable contaminants such as Boron 8, and show that these can be reduced to a very low level.

THPPR074

Simulations of Pion Production in the DAEδALUS Target

proton, target, simulation, hadron

4148

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, T. Smidt, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

DAEδALUS, the Decay At-rest Experiment for δCP At the Laboratory for Underground Science will look for evidence of CP-violation in the neutrino sector, which may explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in our universe. It will make precision measurements of oscillations of anti-muon neutrinos to anti-electron neutrinos using multiple neutrino sources created by low-cost compact cyclotrons. DAEδALUS will utilize a decay-at-rest neutrino beam produced by 800 MeV protons impacting a graphite target. Two well established Monte Carlo codes, MARS and GEANT4, have been used to optimize the design and the performance of the target. A benchmarking of the results obtained with these codes is also presented in this paper.

THPPR076

Optimising Neutron Production From Compact Low Energy Accelerators

target, proton, simulation, cyclotron

4154

N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations, with other models and experimental results, before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production.