IPAC2012 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYAP01	Accelerator Driven Systems	neutron, linac, proton, superconducting-RF	6
	D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
	Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.
	Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01	Thorium Energy Futures	neutron, cyclotron, proton, linac	29
	S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France S. Henderson Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Hutton JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J. Kelly Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway M. Lindroos ESS, Lund, Sweden P.M. McIntyre Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA A. Norlin IThEO, Sweden H.L. Owen STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.T. Parks University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
	The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.
	Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOEPPB002	The MICE Experiment	emittance, solenoid, electron, coupling	76
	A.P. Blondel DPNC, Genève, Switzerland
	Ionization Cooling is the only practical solution to preparing high brilliance muon beams for a neutrino factory or muon collider. The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) by an international collaboration. The muon beam line has been commissioned and first measurements of emittance with particle physics detectors have been performed. The remaining apparatus is currently under construction. First results with a liquid-hydrogen absorber will be produced in 2013; a couple of years later a full cell of a representative ionization cooling channel, including RF re-acceleration, will be in operation. The design offers opportunities for tests with various absorbers and several optics configurations. Results will be compared with detailed simulations of cooling channel performance to ensure full understanding of the cooling process. on behalf of the MICE collaboration

MOEPPB003	Status of the PRISM FFAG Design for the Next Generation Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment	solenoid, injection, lattice, proton	79
	J. Pasternak, A. Alekou, M. Aslaninejad, R. Chudzinski, L.J. Jenner, A. Kurup, Y. Shi, Y. Uchida Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom R. Appleby, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom K.M. Hock, B.D. Muratori Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom Y. Kuno, A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan M. Lancaster UCL, London, United Kingdom C. Ohmori KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Planche TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada S.L. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA T. Yokoi JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	The PRISM Task Force continues to study high intensity and high quality muon beams needed for next generation lepton flavor violation experiments. In the PRISM case such beams have been proposed to be produced by sending a short proton pulse to a pion production target, capturing the pions and performing RF phase rotation on the resulting muon beam in an FFAG ring. This paper summarizes the current status of the PRISM design obtained by the Task Force. In particular various designs for the PRISM FFAG ring are discussed and their performance compared to the baseline one, the injection/extraction systems and matching to the solenoid channels upstream and downstream of the FFAG ring are presented. The feasibility of the construction of the PRISM system is discussed.

MOPPC005	Parameter Space for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade*	luminosity, emittance, optics, brightness	127
	F. Zimmermann, O.S. Brüning CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures projects EuCARD, grant agreement no. 227579, and HiLumi LHC, grant agreement no. 284404. We review the parameter space for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). Starting from the luminosity targets and the primary limitations, e.g., long-range beam-beam effects, event pile up, electron cloud, turnaround time, intrabeam scattering, we determine the range for compatible beam parameters such as the beam intensity, bunch spacing, transverse and longitudinal emittances, bunch length, and IP beta functions required to meet the HL-LHC goals. A selection of a few possible parameter sets is presented for comparison and discussion.

MOPPC006	90m Optics Studies and Operation in the LHC	optics, proton, injection, quadrupole	130
	H. Burkhardt, G.J. Müller, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Cavalier LAL, Orsay, France
	A high β^* = 90 m optics was commissioned and used for first very forward physics operation in the LHC in 2011. The experience gained from working with this optics in 5 studies and operation periods in 2011 was very positive. The target β^* = 90 m was reached by a de-squeeze from the standard 11 m injection and ramp optics on the first attempt and collisions and first physics results obtained in the second study. The optics was measured and corrected with good precision. The running conditions were very clean and allowed for measurements with roman pots very close to the beam.

MOPPC020	Field Tolerances for the Triplet Quadrupoles of the LHC High Luminosity Lattice	quadrupole, multipole, dynamic-aperture, lattice	169
	Y. Jiao, Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DE-AC02-76SF00515 and the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). It has been proposed to implement an Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme* in the high luminosity LHC lattice to reduce the beta functions at the Interaction Points (IP) up to a factor of 8. As a consequence, the nominal 4.5-km peak beta functions reached in the inner triplets at collision will be increased by the same factor. This therefore justifies the installation of new, larger aperture superconducting triplet quadrupoles. These higher beta functions will enhance the effects of the triplet quadrupole field errors leading to smaller beam dynamic aperture. To maintain the acceptable dynamic aperture, the effects of the triplet multipole field errors must be re-evaluated, thus specifying new tolerances. Such a study has been performed for the so-called “4444” collision optics of the ATS scheme, where the IP beta functions are reduced by a factor of 4 in both planes with respect to a pre-squeezed value of 60 cm at two collision points. The dynamic aperture calculations were performed using SixTrack. The impact on the triplets’ field quality is studied and presented in details. * S. Fartoukh, “An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade”, Proc. of IPAC11, p. 2088 (2011).

MOPPC032	Injection and Broadband Matching for the PRISM Muon FFAG	injection, betatron, solenoid, dipole	202
	J. Pasternak, R. Chudzinski, A. Kurup Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom J. Pasternak STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
	The next generation of lepton flavor violation experiments requires high intensity and high quality muon beams. Such conditions can be met using phase rotation of short muon pulses in an FFAG ring, as was proposed for the PRISM project. The very large initial momentum spread and transverse emittance of the muon beam poses a significant challenge for the injection system into the PRISM FFAG. Also, the matching optics between the solenoidal transfer channel and the ring needs to create a specific orbit excursion in the horizontal plane, suppress any vertical dispersion and produce good betatron conditions in both planes. Candidate geometries for the matching and injection systems are presented and their performances are tested in tracking studies.

MOPPC041	Control of Beam Losses in the Front End for the Neutrino Factory	proton, factory, solenoid, collider	223
	C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	The Neutrino Factory produces neutrinos by muon decay in a storage ring. Pions are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target. Pions decay to muons, which are captured and accelerated to high energy. The target produces additionally a large background that is deposited in the muon capture front end and subsequent components. The implications of energy deposition in the front end lattice for the Neutrino Factory are addressed. Several approaches to mitigating the effect are proposed and discussed, including proton absorbers, chicane, and shielding.

MOPPC044	Gallium as a Possible Target Material for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory	proton, factory, collider, interaction-region	232
	X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Awards No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL) and No. DF-FG02-92ER40695 (UCLA) We consider the potential for a free-gallium-jet as an option for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Advantages of such a target choice are its liquid state at relatively low temperature, its relatively efficient meson production, and its lower activation (compared to mercury). Using the MARS15 code, we have simulated particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16~GeV. For each proton beam energy, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the liquid jet, the incoming proton beam angle, and the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam. We compare the quantity of generated muons using a Ga target to that from a mercury jet target.

MOPPC050	The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory	factory, lattice, proton, acceleration	244
	K.R. Long, J.K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	A neutrino factory is a facility for producing a large neutrino flux from the decay of high energy muons. The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) aims to produce a reference design report for such a facility. The report will contain the physics motivation for the facility, describe the accelerator and detector, and estimate the cost for the facility. We will briefly discuss the physics capabilities for a neutrino factory, including how recent neutrino physics results affect our understanding of a neutrino factory's performance and advantages. We will give an overview of our baseline design for the accelerator facility. We will then outline the most significant areas of progress in our studies of the accelerator subsystems. Paper submitted on behalf of the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory collaboration.

MOPPC056	The SolMaxP Code	plasma, simulation, laser, beam-transport	259
	A. Chancé, N. Chauvin, R.D. Duperrier CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	In modern sciences, use of high performance computing (HPC) has become a necessity to move forward in the modeling of complex systems. For large-scale instruments like accelerators, HPC permits the virtual prototyping of very onerous parts and, thus, helps to reduce development costs. The SolMaxP code (for Solving Maxwell in Plasma) has been developed to allow complex simulations of multi-species plasma coupled with electromagnetic fields, whether the electromagnetic background is or is not self-consistent with the plasma dynamics. This paper presents the main algorithm of the code and gives several examples of applications.

MOPPC060	Investigations into Beam Life Time in Low Energy Storage Rings	ion, storage-ring, electron, antiproton	271
	A.I. Papash, A.V. Smirnov MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany A.I. Papash JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers and GSI under contract VH-NG-328. In low energy storage rings, beam life time critically depends on the residual gas pressure, scattering effects caused by in-ring experiments and the available machine acceptance. A comprehensive simulation study into these effects has been realized with a focus on the TSR storage ring in Heidelberg and the electrostatic rings ELISA, the AD recycler and the ultra-low energy storage ring (USR). This was done by using the computer code BETACOOL in combination with the OPERA-3D and MAD-X programs. In this contribution, the results from these studies are presented and compared to available experimental data. Based on these simulations, criteria for stable ring operation are then presented.

MOPPC061	An Antiproton Recycler for Atom-Antiproton Collision Experiments	antiproton, injection, ion, acceleration	274
	M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom O. Karamyshev, A.I. Papash MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany M.R.F. Siggel-King The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG-328, the EU under contract PITN-GA-2008-215080 and STFC. Collision experiments with low energy antiprotons and different gas jet targets on the level of differential cross sections would be very desirable to use to investigate the details of this fundamental process. At present, such experiments are, however, not feasible, since the only source of antiprotons in the world, the AD at CERN, cannot provide beams of the required energy and quality. A small electrostatic ring has been designed and developed by the QUASAR Group. Serving at the same time as a prototype for the future ultra-low energy storage ring (USR), to be integrated at the facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research (FLAIR), this small accelerator is unique due to its combination of size, electrostatic nature, and energy of the circulating particles. In this contribution, the design of the ring is described in detail and possible operation scenarios in the ASACUSA beam line and behind the ELENA ring are compared with each other.

MOPPC086	Accelerator Simulation - Beyond High Performance Computing	lattice, simulation, site, emittance	340
	S. James, G.M. Jung, B.C. Li, K. Muriki, H. Nishimura, Y. Qin, K. Song, C. Sun LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Accelerator modeling and simulation studies heavily rely on High Performance Computing (HPC). Public Cloud computing has opened a new service horizon for HPC by offering an on-demand, Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Previously, we investigated using Amazon HPC public Cloud for lattice optimization applications and evaluated performance. In this research, we use the Amazon VPC technology to extend local HPC resources to provide a seamless, hybrid, and secure environment when the demand for computing capacity spikes. C. Sun et al., "HPC Cloud Applied to Lattice Optimization," Proc. PAC2011, New York, WEP151, p. 1767 (2011).

MOPPC093	Optimal Fast Multipole Method Data Structures	multipole, electron, simulation, space-charge	352
	S. Abeyratne, B. Erdelyi Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA S.L. Manikonda ANL, Argonne, USA
	The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) has been identified as one of the ten most significant numerical algorithms discovered in the 20th century. The FMM guarantees finding fast solutions to many problems in science, such as calculating Coulomb potentials among large number of particles by reducing memory footprint and run time while attaining very high accuracy levels. One important practical issue that we have to solve in implementing a FMM algorithm is organizing large amounts of data, also called data structuring. The non-adaptive FMM is appropriate when the particles are uniformly distributed while the adaptive FMM is most efficient when the distribution is non-uniform. In practice, we typically encounter highly non-uniform 3D particle distributions. This paper summarizes our implementation of a 3D adaptive FMM algorithm data structure setup for non-uniform particle distributions.

MOPPD009	Stochastic Cooling Developments for HESR at FAIR	ion, heavy-ion, emittance, scattering	388
	H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich, Germany C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is part of the upcoming International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt. The HESR is planned to dedicate to the field of high-energy antiproton physics to explore the research areas of charmonium spectroscopy, hadronic structure, and quark-gluon dynamics with high-quality beams over a broad momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. The new facility provides the combination of powerful phase-space cooled antiproton beams and internal Pellet and gas jet targets to achieve the requirements of the experiment PANDA in terms of beam quality and luminosity. Detailed theoretical analyses have been carried out to design the stochastic cooling system for accumulation and stochastic cooling of antiprotons with target operation. Recently it is proposed to utilize the HESR also for the atomic and nuclear physics with highly charged heavy ions such as 132Sn⁵⁰⁺ in the dedicated experiments at high energies 0.74-3 GeV/u. In this contribution the feasibility of stochastic cooling of heavy ions with internal targets is in detail investigated under the constraint of the cooling system hardware as foreseen for anti-proton cooling.

MOPPD024	C70 Arronax in the Hands-On Phase	cyclotron, proton, simulation, injection	418
	F. Poirier, S. Auduc, L. Lamouric SUBATECH, Nantes, France S. Girault, F. Gomez, E. Mace Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France C. Huet EMN, Nantes, France
	The C70 Arronax, is a high-intensity (2x375 μA) and high-energy (70 MeV) multiparticle cyclotron that started its hands-on phase in December 2010. The operating and maintenance group is accumulating experience on this machine. A review of the machine status and present possibilities in terms of beam capacities is thus presented in this paper. The status of the beamline simulations is also given.

MOPPD034	Flux-coupled Stacking of Cyclotrons for a High-power ADS Fission Driver	cyclotron, injection, cavity, focusing	439
	A. Sattarov, S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, J.N. Kellams, T.L. Mann, A.D. McInturff, P.M. McIntyre, N. Pogue Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
	Funding: This work is funded by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and the Mitchell Family Foundation. The sector magnets for an isochronous cyclotron are configured as a flux-coupled stack of apertures, each forming an independent cyclotron, separated sufficiently to accommodate independent superconducting rf cavities. The stack strategy makes it possible to deliver any amount of proton beam power consistent with the limitations of each individual cyclotron, and to deliver the aggregate power to a number of spallation targets as dictated by optimum coupling for accelerator-driven subcritical (ADS) fission and by limitations in target transfer.

MOPPD039	Status of the Design of the LBNE Neutrino Beamline	proton, extraction, status, shielding	451
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, M.R. Campbell, A.Z. Chen, S.C. Childress, C.D. Moore Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, about 1300 km away. The neutrinos are produced as follows: First, protons extracted from the MI-10 section of the Main Injector (60-120 GeV) hit a solid target above grade and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into a 250 m long decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account several factors including the physics goals, the modeling of the facility, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW in order to enable the facility to run with an upgraded accelerator complex. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

MOPPD041	Beam Loss Protection for a 2.3 Megawatt LBNE Proton Beam	dipole, quadrupole, proton, power-supply	454
	R.M. Zwaska, S.C. Childress, A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: U.S. Department of Energy. Severe limits are required for allowable beam loss during extraction and transport of a 2.3 MW primary proton beam for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) at Fermilab. Detailed simulations with the STRUCT and MARS codes have evaluated the impact of beam loss of 1.6·10¹⁴ protons per pulse at 120 GeV, ranging from a single pulse full loss to sustained small fractional loss. It is shown that localized loss of a single beam pulse at 2.3 MW will result in a destructive event: beam pipe failure, damaged magnets and high levels of residual radiation inside the tunnel. A sustained full beam loss would be catastrophic. Acceptable beam loss limits have been determined and robust solutions developed to enable efficient proton beam operation under these constraints.

MOPPD043	Novel Muon Beam Facilities for Project X at Fermilab	proton, dipole, linac, electron	457
	C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.J. Abrams, T.J. Roberts, C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Innovative muon beam concepts for intensity-frontier experiments such as muon-to-electron conversion are described. Elaborating upon a previous single-beam idea, we have developed a design concept for a system to generate four high quality, low-energy muon beams (two of each sign) from a single beam of protons. As a first step, the production of pions by 1 and 3 GeV protons from the proposed Project X linac at Fermilab is being simulated and compared with the 8-GeV results from the previous study.

MOPPD044	Optimization of the Target Subsystem for the New g-2 Experiment	proton, simulation, focusing, factory	460
	C. Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, J.P. Morgan, D.V. Neuffer, S.I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	A precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, aμ = (g-2)/2, was previously performed at BNL with a result of 2.2 - 2.7 standard deviations above the Standard Model (SM) theoretical calculations. The same experimental apparatus is being planned to run in the new Muon Campus at Fermilab, where the muon beam is expected to have less pion contamination and the extended dataset may provide a possible 7.5σ deviation from the SM, creating a sensitive and complementary benchmark for proposed SM extensions. We report here on a preliminary study of the target subsystem where the apparatus is optimized for pions that have favorable phase space to create polarized daughter muons around the magic momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, which is needed by the downstream g 2 muon ring.

MOPPD049	The Layout of the High Energy Beam Transport for the European Spallation Source	octupole, linac, quadrupole, beam-transport	475
	A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	The status of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is presented. The HEBT brings the beam from the underground linac to the target at surface level. The main design objectives of the HEBT, such as space for upgrades, producing the desired target footprint etc. are discussed and the preferred design is shown. Large amplitude particles, a halo, are formed in the last part of the linac. Hence, every given value of the peak current density at the target is correlated with a certain power deposited outside the beam footprint. This correlation is studied and optimized. Furthermore, first studies of the vertical stability of the beam footprint and profile on target due to misalignment or mismatch of the incoming beam are made.

MOPPD072	A High Energy Collimation System for the European Spallation Source	collimation, beam-losses, optics, linac	529
	H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
	At the European Spallation Source (ESS), a ~160 m high energy beam transport (HEBT) system is to guide the high-power (5 MW) proton beam from a superconducting 2.5 GeV linac to a spallation target station. The HEBT could include a single-pass collimation system to protect all downstream accelerator components, including the vital target. The system would be built to withstand both continuous low-power losses (i.e. introduce halo reduction) and infrequent short-term, high-power beam exposure, essentially a fault scenario. Although a collimation system could reduce the uncontrolled beam losses and thus activation levels elsewhere, it takes up precious longitudinal space intended for future beam power upgrades and sets demands for the beam optics, as will be discussed. Possible materials and specifications will also be described.

MOPPD084	Optimization of Extinction Efficiency in the 8-GeV Mu2e Beam Line	proton, background, dipole, alignment	565
	I.L. Rakhno, A.I. Drozhdin, C. Johnstone, N.V. Mokhov, E. Prebys Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab is being designed to probe for new physics beyond the standard model at mass scales up to 10000 TeV. The advance in experimental sensitivity is four orders of magnitude when compared to existing data on charged lepton flavor violation. The critical requirement of the experiment is the ability to deliver a proton beam contained in short 100-ns bunches onto a muon production target, with an inter-bunch separation of about 1700 ns. In order to insure the low level of background at the muon detector consistent with the required sensitivity, protons that reach the target between bunches must be suppressed by an enormous factor, 109. This paper describes the results of numerical modeling with STRUCT and MARS codes for a beam line with a collimation system,** and optics that achieves an experimental extinction factor of one per billion. * R.M. Carey et al., Mu2e Proposal, Fermilab (2008). W. Molzon, “Proton Beam Extinction,” MECO-EXT-05-002 (2005). * E. Prebys, Mu2e-doc-534 (2009), http://mu2e-docdb.fnal.gov.

MOPPP009	X-Ray Spectra Reconstruction of Thomson Scattering Source From Analysis of Attenuation Data	scattering, photon, simulation, laser	586
	Y.-C. Du, Hua, J.F. Hua, W.-H. Huang, C.-X. Tang, H.S. Xu, L.X. Yan, H. Zha, Z. Zhang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Thomson scattering X-ray source, in which the TW laser pulse is scattered by the relativistic electron beam, can provide ultra short, monochromatic, high flux, tunable polarized hard X-ray pulse which is can widely used in physical, chemical and biological process research, ultra-fast phase contrast imaging, and so on. Since the pulse duration of X-ray is as short as picosecond and the flux in one pulse is high, it is difficult to measure the x-ray spectrum. In this paper, we present the X-ray spectrum measurement experiment on Tsinghua Thomson scattering. The preliminary experimental results shows the maximum X-ray energy is about 47 keV, which is agree well with the simulations.

MOPPR012	Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for FAIR	vacuum, electron, ion, antiproton	798
	F. Becker, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, B. Walasek-Höhne GSI, Darmstadt, Germany T. Dandl, T. Heindl, A. Ulrich TUM/Physik, Garching bei München, Germany
	Online profile diagnostic is preferred to monitor intense hadron beams at the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). One instrument for beam profile measurement is the gas based Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF)-monitor. It relies on the optical fluorescence of residual gas, excited by beam particles. Depending on the beam parameters and vacuum constraints, BIF monitors can be operated at base pressure or in dedicated local pressure bumps. Spectroscopic data in nitrogen and rare gases confirms an exploitable dynamic range from UHV to atmospheric pressure. Optical transitions and corresponding beam profiles are discussed for gas pressures from 10^-3 to 30 mbar. Fundamental limitations for some application scenarios will be addressed as well.

MOPPR019	Beam Profile Imaging Based on Backward Transition Radiation in the Extreme Ultraviolet Region	radiation, electron, FEL, diagnostics	819
	L.G. Sukhikh, S. Bajt, G. Kube DESY, Hamburg, Germany W. Lauth IKP, Mainz, Germany Yu.A. Popov, A. Potylitsyn Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
	Backward transition radiation (BTR) in the optical spectral region is widely used for beam profile diagnostics in modern electron linacs. However, the experience from linac based light sources shows that BTR diagnostics might fail because of coherence effects in the emission process. To overcome this problem of coherent emission it was proposed to use BTR in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region, and measurements of the angular EUV BTR distribution were presented in Ref. . This contribution summarizes the results of a beam profile imaging experiment using EUV BTR. The experiment was carried out using the 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. EUV BTR was generated at a molybdenum target deposited onto a silicon substrate, and imaging was realized using a spherical multilayer mirror which was optimized for a wavelength of 19 nm. Preliminary results will be presented and compared to ordinary optical BTR imaging together with a discussion of future possibilities of the proposed diagnostic method. L.G. Sukhikh et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A623, 567 (2010). ** L.G. Sukhikh et al., Proc. of DIPAC-2011, Hamburg (Germany), 544 (2011).

MOPPR024	Non-intercepting Emittance Measurements by means of Optical Diffraction Radiation Interference for High Brightness Electron Beam	radiation, quadrupole, electron, emittance	831
	A. Cianchi Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy V. Balandin, N. Golubeva, K. Honkavaara, G. Kube DESY, Hamburg, Germany M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy L. Catani INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy
	Conventional intercepting transverse electron beam diagnostics, e.g. based on Optical Transition Radiation (OTR), cannot tolerate high power beams without remarkable mechanical damages of the diagnostics device. Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) is an excellent candidate for the measurements of the transverse phase space parameters in a non-intercepting way. One of the main limitations of this method is the low signal to noise ratio, mainly due to the unavoidable synchrotron radiation background. This problem can be overcome by using ODRI (Optical Diffraction Radiation Interference). In this case the beam goes through two slits opened on metallic foils, placed in a distance shorter than the radiation formation zone. Thanks to the shielding effect of the first screen a nearly background-free ODR interference pattern can be measured allowing the determination of the beam size and the angular divergence. Here we report the first measurements, carried out at FLASH (DESY, Germany), of the beam emittance using ODRI. Our results demonstrate the unique potential of this technique.

MOPPR044	Optics and Emittance Studies using the ATF2 Multi-OTR System	coupling, emittance, quadrupole, controls	879
	J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, A. Faus-Golfe, J.J. García-Garrigós, J. Resta-López IFIC, Valencia, Spain J. Cruz, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Funding Agency: FPA2010-21456-C02-01. Work supported in part by Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. A multi-OTR system (4 beam ellipse diagnostic devices based on optical transition radiation) was installed in the extraction line of ATF2 and has been fully operational since September 2011. The OTRs have been upgraded with a motorized zoom-control lens system to improve beam finding and accommodate different beam sizes. The system is being used routinely for beam size and emittance measurements as well as coupling correction. In this paper we present measurements performed during the winter run of 2011 and the early 2012 runs. We show the reconstruction of twiss parameters and emittance, discuss the reliability of the OTR system and show comparisons with simulations. We also present new work to calculate all 4 coupling terms and form the “4-D” intrinsic emittance of the beam utilizing all the information available from the 2-D beam profile images. We also show details and experimental results for performing a 1-shot automated coupling correction.

MOPPR045	Beam Diagnostics for ESS	linac, diagnostics, DTL, instrumentation	882
	A. Jansson, C. Böhme, B. Cheymol, H. Hassanzadegan, T.J. Shea, L. Tchelidze ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS), to be built in the south of Sweden, will use a 2.5 GeV superconducting linac to produce the worlds most powerful neutron source. The project is currently in a pre-construction phase, during which the linac design is being updated. This paper describes the current plans for beam diagnostics in terms of requirements, number and locations of different systems, and possible technical solutions.

MOPPR047	Study of the Response of Low Pressure Ionisation Chambers	proton, electron, monitoring, synchrotron	888
	E. Nebot Del Busto, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, V. Grishin, J.F. Herranz Alvarez CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is based on parallel plate Ionization Chambers (IC) with active volume ~1.5l and a nitrogen filling gas at 0.1 bar overpressure. At the largest loss locations, the ICs generate signals large enough to saturate the read-out electronics. A reduction of the active volume and filling pressure in the ICs would decrease the amount of charge collected in the electrodes, and so provide a higher saturation limit using the same electroncis. This makes Little Ionization Chambers (LIC) filled with both reduced pressure and active volume a good candidate for these high radiation areas. In this contribution we present measurements performed with several LIC monitors with reduced active volume and various filling pressures. These detectors were tested under various conditions with different beam setups, with standard LHC ICs used for calibration purposes.

MOPPR080	Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements: LANSCE Facility Beam Development	electron, controls, feedback, linac	975
	J.D. Gilpatrick, Y.K. Batygin, F. Gonzales, M.E. Gruchalla, V.G. Kutac, D. Martinez, C. Pillai, S. Rodriguez Esparza, J.D. Sedillo, B.G. Smith LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing Wire Scanner (WS) beam profile measurement systems. Three beam development tests have taken place to test the new wire scanners under beam conditions. These beam development tests have integrated the WS actuator, cable plant, electronics processors and associated software and have used H⁻ beams of different beam energy and current conditions. In addition, the WS measurement-system beam tests verified actuator control systems for minimum profile bin repeatability and speed, checked for actuator backlash and positional stability, tested the replacement of simple broadband potentiometers with narrow band resolvers, and tested resolver use with National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) Virtual Instrumentation. These beam tests also have verified how trans-impedance amplifiers react with various types of beam line background noise and how the cable plants can be simplified without generating unwanted noise currents. This paper will describe these beam development tests and show some resulting data.

TUOAA02	Focusing Charged Particle Beams Using Multipole Magnets in a Beam Transport Line	sextupole, multipole, octupole, focusing	1062
	Y. Yuri, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, S. Okumura, T. Yuyama JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	The intensity distribution of a charged-particle beam is transformed by applying the nonlinear focusing force of a multipole magnet. In this paper, the transformation of the transverse intensity distribution due to the second-order sextupole and third-order octupole focusing force in the beam transport line is explored. As a measure of the distribution transformation induced by the multipole magnets, the beam centroid displacement and the change of the beam size have been analytically derived using the distribution function of the beam. It is numerically verified how the transverse distribution of the beam is transformed by the multipole magnets. As an application of the distribution transformation by nonlinear focusing, a uniform beam can be formed from a Gaussian beam using multipole magnets. The current status and future plan of the experiment on the uniform-beam formation at the cyclotron facility in Japan Atomic Energy Agency will be shown.
	Slides TUOAA02 [2.032 MB]

TUOBC01	Experimental Verification of the CLIC Two-beam Scheme, Status and Outlook	linac, acceleration, emittance, gun	1101
	R. Corsini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The feasibility of the CLIC novel scheme of two-beam acceleration was extensively tested in the CTF3 facility over the last few years. In particular, efficient full beam loading acceleration, isochronous ring operation, beam recombination by transverse RF deflectors have been fully proven. 12 GHz RF power production by high-current drive beam is now part of CTF3 routine operation, and two-beam acceleration up to 150 MV/m has been achieved. Drive beam deceleration tests were carried out as well. In this paper we summarize the main results obtained, including the more recent ones. We also outline and discuss the future experimental program, both in CTF3 and in other beam facilities, as well as the path to a possible facility needed in the initial stage of the CLIC project, CLIC0.
	Slides TUOBC01 [9.921 MB]

TUPPC017	Orbit and Optics Correction to Realize Designed Machine Performance	optics, emittance, lattice, closed-orbit	1194
	Y. Seimiya, S. Kamada, A. Morita, K. Ohmi, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	It is difficult for actual accelerators to achieve the designed machine performance without appropriate correction or adjustment of magnet errors. By correction as magnets are aligned to design orbit, we aim to be realized the designed machine performance. However, it is not easy to estimate the design orbit in real accelerators. In KEKB and PF, beam position monitor(BPM) can be calibrated to the center of quadrupole magnet(QM). BPM and QM misalignments (except rotation misalignment) referring to design orbit can be estimated using assumption that these misalignments are coincident. This is, design orbit at BPM and QM can be derived.

TUPPC020	A Scheme for Horizontal-vertical Coupling Correction at SuperKEKB	coupling, simulation, optics, lattice	1203
	H. Sugimoto, H. Koiso, A. Morita, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB is an 7 GeV electron and 4 GeV positron double ring collider project based on the nano beam scheme and is aimed to break the world's luminosity record. A horizontal flat beam is essential to realize the nano beam collisions. One of critical effect that induces unexpected coupling is machine error, such as magnet misalignment and field imperfection. Coupling correction, therefore, plays key role in the actual beam operation. In this study, we numerically explore a possible scheme for coupling correction in the SuperKEKB lattice. Some coupling measurement and correction methods are applied to the model lattice considering magnet misalignments and finite BPM resolution. Based on the results, the attainable smallest coupling in the actual SuperKEKB is discussed.

TUPPC033	Random Walk Optimization in Accelerators: Vertical Emittance Tuning at SLS	emittance, quadrupole, luminosity, controls	1230
	M. Aiba, M. Böge, N. Milas, A. Streun Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
	The operation of a high performance accelerator is realized only when several beam based corrections are implemented. These corrections are, however, limited by measurement errors as the correction approaches the ideal value. To overcome this limitation, we investigate the application of a random walk (RW) optimization specifically to minimize the vertical emittance at the SLS. A systematic minimization is performed by measuring linear coupling and spurious vertical dispersion and correcting them using 36 skew quadrupole correctors. On the other hand, the minimization can be performed by simply applying a multi-variable optimization from the mathematics point of view, where the best combination of skew corrections is to be found. The measured vertical beam size is available as a stable target function of the minimization even at very low vertical emittance. Although RW and other algorithms are implemented into various accelerator computer codes, it is interesting to apply this concept to the real machine, where measurement errors are unavoidable and may prohibit systematic minimization based on a machine model. Possible applications of the technique in general are also discussed.

TUPPD001	The Mice Muon Beamline and Host Accelerator Beam Bump	proton, controls, extraction, injection	1404
	A.J. Dobbs, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom D.J. Adams STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom E. Overton, P.J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is designed provide a proof of principle of the technique of ionization cooling, that is the reduction of the phase space of a muon beam via ionization energy loss in absorbers. Subsequent reacceleration is then provided by RF cavities (‘‘sustainable cooling''). Ionization cooling represents an important step toward future facilities based on stored muons beams, such as a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The MICE Muon Beam begins with the decay of pions produced by a cylindrical titanium target dipped into the circulating proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. This generates a pion shower which is captured and subsequently decays producing the muon beam. A secondary effect of the MICE target is to cause an increase in the number of protons lost from the ISIS beam. It is important that this effect be minimized. An overview is presented here of the MICE Muon Beam, including the results of a study in to the effect of raising the vertical position of the ISIS beam (a ‘‘beam bump'') in the vicinity of the MICE target.

TUPPD004	Costing Methodology and Status of the Neutrino Factory	cryogenics, linac, solenoid, factory	1410
	A. Kurup Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom N. Bliss, N.A. Collomb, A.F. Grant STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory will produce a reference design report in 2013 that will contain a detailed performance analysis of the Neutrino Factory and a cost estimate. In order to determine the cost a number of engineering features need to be included in the accelerator physics design, which can require the physics design to be re-optimized. The cost estimate is determined in such a way as to make efficient use of the engineering resources available and to simplify the process of modifying the physics design to include engineering features. This paper will present details of the methodology used to determine the cost estimate and the current status of each subsystem.

TUPPD005	Design Concept for Nu-STORM: an Initial “Very Low-Energy Neutrino Factory”	injection, storage-ring, proton, factory	1413
	D.V. Neuffer, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, A. Liu, M. Popovic Fermilab, Batavia, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Funding: US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 We present a design concept for a Nu-source from a STORage ring for Muons - NuSTORM. In this initial design a high-intensity proton beam produces ~5 GeV pions that provide muons that are captured using “stochastic injection” within a ~3.6 GeV racetrack storage ring. In “stochastic injection”, the ~53 GeV pion beam is transported from the target into the storage ring, dispersion-matched into a long straight section. (Circulating and injection orbits are separated by momentum.) Decays within that straight section provide muons that are within the ~2 GeV/c ring momentum acceptance and are stored for the muon lifetime of ~1000 turns. Muon (and pion) decays in the long straight sections provide neutrino beams that can be used for precision measurements of neutrino interactions, and neutrino oscillations or disappearance at L/E=~1 m/MeV. The facility is described and variations are discussed.

TUPPD006	IDR Neutrino Factory Front End and Variations	proton, cavity, factory, solenoid	1416
	D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, USA A. Alekou Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom C.T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	The (International Design Report) IDR neutrino factory scenario for capture, bunching, phase-energy rotation and initial cooling of muons produced from a proton source target is presented. It requires a drift section from the target, a bunching section and a phase-energy rotation section leading into the cooling channel. The rf frequency changes along the bunching and rotation transport in order to form the muons into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. This design is being explored within the IDR cost model. Important concerns are rf limitations and beam losses. Recent experiments on rf gradient limits suggest preferred configurations for the rf within the magnetic fields, and these considerations are incorporated into the front end design.

TUPPD021	Orbit Correction in the EMMA Non-scaling FFAG – Simulation and Experimental Results	closed-orbit, quadrupole, betatron, pick-up	1455
	D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, S.L. Sheehy STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J.K. Jones, B.D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Keil Honorary CERN Staff Member, Berlin, Germany I.W. Kirkman The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	The non-scaling FFAG EMMA (Electron Model for Many Applications) is currently in operation at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. Since the lattice is made up solely of linear elements, the betatron tune varies strongly over the momentum range according to the natural chromaticity. Orbit correction is complicated by the resulting variation in response to corrector magnet settings. We consider a method to optimise correction over a range of fixed momenta and discuss experimental results. Measurements of the closed orbit and response matrix are included.

TUPPD024	HIGH-INTENSITY LOW-ENERGY POSITRON SOURCE AT JEFFERSON LABORATORY	positron, simulation, solenoid, radiation	1461
	S. Golge, B. Vlahovic NCCU, Durham, USA B. Wojtsekhowski JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	We present a novel concept of a low-energy e⁺ source with projected intensity on the order of 10¹⁰ slow e+/s. The key components of this concept are a continuous wave e^- beam, a rotating positron-production target, a synchronized raster/anti-raster, a transport channel, and extraction of e⁺ into a field-free area through a magnetic plug for moderation in a cryogenic solid. Components were designed in the framework of GEANT4-based (G4beamline) Monte Carlo simulation and TOSCA magnetic field calculation codes. Experimental data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the magnetic plug is presented.

TUPPD025	REVIEWOF LOW-ENERGY POSITRON BEAM FACILITIES	positron, linac, neutron, radiation	1464
	S. Golge, B. Vlahovic NCCU, Durham, USA
	Positrons are produced by processes such as positive beta decay from radioactive isotopes, in nuclear reactor cores from both in-situ radioisotope radiation and pair production, and by accelerator driven beams hitting a converter target. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the prominent existing low-energy e⁺ facilities.

TUPPD031	Novel Techniques for Isotope Harvesting at FRIB	simulation, optics, ion, resonance	1470
	M.A.C. Cummings Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA L.L. Bandura FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Exotic isotopes have applications in medicine, industry, and national security. Historically, the U.S. has relied on foreign sources for these isotopes. FRIB will be a domestic source of these isotopes. While FRIB is mainly focused on producing exotic isotopes for basic nuclear physics experiments, it also offers an opportunity to harvest unused isotopes for other applications. It is critical that isotope harvesting take place in a synergistic manner that does not adversely affect experiments that will be simultaneously taking place at the facility. Beam optics schemes will be calculated to determine the best locations and methods of separation. These calculations will use COSY Monte Carlo and G4beamline in conjunction with other state of the art ion optical codes that simulate isotope dynamics in magnetic fields and in matter. The results of these simulations will be used to determine the best beam-target combinations to produce the isotopes that are most in-demand and calculate purities of these isotopes in multiple locations in the fragment separators. Trapping and extraction schemes will also be described to maximally recover pure isotope samples.

TUPPD032	Design Optimization of Flux Concentrator for SuperKEKB	positron, solenoid, simulation, electron	1473
	L. Zang, S. Fukuda, T. Kamitani, Y. Ogawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	For high luminosity electron-positron colliders, intense positron beam production is one of the key issues as well as electron. Flux Concentrator (FC) is a pulsed solenoid that can generate high magnetic field of several Tesla and is often used for focusing positrons emerged from a production target. It works as an optical matching device in a positron capture section. With this device, high capture efficiency is achieved. In this paper, we will discuss a design optimization of a FC for the SuperKEKB positron source. Geometrical parameters of the FC are optimized to achieve high peak field using the CST EM Studio. Magnetic field distribution evaluated with the EM Studio is implemented into a particle tracking code to see a performance of the positron capture section. The tracking simulation includes a positron production at the target, focusing by the FC and subsequent solenoids and acceleration by RF structures till the end of the capture section. We report the results of a FC design optimized for higher positron yield with the tracking simulation.

TUPPD033	Conceptual Design of a Positron-annihilation System for Generation of Quasi-monochromatic Gamma Rays	positron, photon, dipole, electron	1476
	R.J. Abrams, C.M. Ankenbrandt, K.B. Beard, G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA A. Afanasev GWU, Washington, USA
	A conceptual design is presented for a system consisting of the following: an electron accelerator and production target to produce positrons, a dipole magnet and wedge to compress the positron momenta to be nearly monochromatic, a magnetic transport system to focus and direct the positrons to a converter, and a converter in which the positrons annihilate in flight to produce quasi-monochromatic gamma rays. The system represented is designed to produce ~10 MeV gammas, but it can also be designed for other energies.

TUPPD036	Novel Designs for Undulator Based Positron Sources	positron, undulator, photon, damping	1485
	M. Jenkins Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom I.R. Bailey, M. Jenkins Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	At least three proposed future colliders(ILC, CLiC and LHeC) require a positron source with a yield greater than 10¹⁴ e+/s. An undulator based positron source has the potential to provide the required yield. This design generates gamma rays by using a high energy electron beam traveling through a superconducting helical undulator. The gamma rays then pair produce in a titanium alloy target to produce positrons. This is the ILC baseline positron source. Two drawbacks to the undulator-based positron source are that it couples the positron source to the electron beam operation and that it exhibits a low conversion efficiency of photons to positrons. A self-seeding undulator-based positron source has been proposed. This starts with a low intensity positron beam which travels through the undulator to produce more positrons which are recirculated through the source to increase the intensity until the design yield is achieved. Multiple targets have been added to increase the conversion efficiency of the positron source. In this study I present simulation results for such a design and consider the feasibility of this design at the ILC, CLiC or LHeC.

TUPPD043	Resonant Reaction with a Superintense Circulating Beam	proton, electron, resonance, storage-ring	1497
	V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	A system for efficient generation of resonance reaction in the interaction of the circulating ion beam with a thin internal target is considered. Features of this system are high intense space charge compensated circulating ion beam with an intensity greater then a space charge limit in a near integrable nonlinear focusing system. Ionization energy loss is compensated by inductive electric field. Multiple scattering and energy straggling are compensated by electron cooling with a tabular electron beam. In this method it is possible to compensate an energy loss of circulating particles after crossing the target and have a crossing of resonant energy in every passing of target. For sharp resonance reactions and monoenergetic beams a thin target method can increase greatly the energy efficiency.

TUPPD044	Conceptual Gas Jet as a Stripping Target for Charge Exchange Injection	injection, ion, laser, proton	1500
	V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
	Stripping targets for charge exchange injection now uses thin carbon or Al2O3 foils. During long time injection for high intense beam accumulation by low current injection a foil life time can be compromised by overheating and alternative stripping targets need be developed. A pulsed supersonic gas jet was used as a stripping target in first realization of charge exchange injection with H⁻ ion energy 1.5 MeV and stationary gas jets are used as internal targets in experiments with super high vacuum. A stripper target thickness is proportional to the injection energy and for energy 1GeV should be ~0.3 mg/cm² of carbon. The pulsed gas target with such thickness acceptable for long time charge exchange injection can be produced with using of heavy hydrocarbon molecules used in the diffusion or booster vacuum pumps. Formation of the pulsed gas jet stripping targets will be considered.

TUPPP032	Use of Multi-objective Methods for Choosing Undulators for Storage Rings	brightness, photon, undulator, storage-ring	1680
	M. Borland ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Users of storage ring light sources generally rely on undulators to provide the highest brightness. Choice of the optimal undulator period is complicated by the fact that users do not operate at a single photon energy or place equal weight on operation at all photon energies of interest. In addition, some users may be best served by a double- or triple-period revolver device. In this paper, we present a method of narrowing the choice of undulator periods based on multi-objective techniques. Applications are shown in the context of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade.

TUPPR051	Development of L-Band Positron Capture Accelerating Structure with Kanthal-coated Collinear Load for SuperKEKB	solenoid, cavity, damping, positron	1933
	F. Miyahara, Y. Arakida, T. Higo, N. Iida, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, S. Matsumoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan L. Lilje DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	In order to achieve a luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1, the SuperKEKB injector is required to provide both e⁺e⁻ beams higher in intensity by a factor 4-5 than those for KEKB, and with a low emittance of about 20 um. A damping ring is used to fulfill this low emittance requirement for e⁺, but the intensity increase is realized by a larger yield from the conversion target to the damping ring. To this end, the L-band capture system is adopted to increase the transverse and longitudinal acceptance. The capture section consists of a Tungsten conversion target with flux concentrator followed by two L-band 2.4m-long accelerating structures and continuing to the large aperture S-band 2m-long ones. The L-band frequency of 1.3 GHz, 5/11 times S-band one, was adopted to suppress the satellite bunches in the S-band system. This L-band system is surrounded by a solenoid magnet producing 4kG on axis. To compose compact magnet system, the output coupler of the L-band accelerating structure is replaced by the Kanthal coated collinear load section. In this paper, we will discuss the design of the accelerating structure and present the studies of Kanthal layer coated on copper.

WEXA03	Accelerator Physics and Technology for ESS	linac, klystron, DTL, cryomodule	2073
	H. Danared ESS, Lund, Sweden
	A conceptual design of the 2.5 GeV proton linac of the European Spallation Source, ESS, was presented in a Conceptual Design Report in early 2012. Work is now progressing towards a Technical Design Report at the end of 2012. Changes to the linac configuration during the last year include a somewhat longer DTL and a change to fully segmented cryomodules. This paper reviews the current design status of the accelerator and its subsystems.
	Slides WEXA03 [15.485 MB]

WEYA01	CLIC Status and Outlook	linac, luminosity, emittance, alignment	2076
	S. Stapnes CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Compact Linear Collider study (CLIC) is in the process of completing a Conceptual Design Report for a multi-TeV linear electron-positron collider. The CLIC-concept is based on high gradient normal-conducting accelerating structures. The RF power for the acceleration of the colliding beams is produced by a novel two beam acceleration scheme, where power is extracted from a high current drive beam that runs parallel with the main linac. In order to establish the feasibility of this concept a number of key issues have been addressed. A short summary of the progress and status of the corresponding studies will be given, as well as an outline of the preparation and work towards an implementation plan by 2016.
	Slides WEYA01 [11.960 MB]

WEXB02	Diagnostics for High Power Targets and Dumps	diagnostics, proton, radiation, vacuum	2096
	E. Gschwendtner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	High power targets and dumps are generally used for neutrino, antiproton, neutron and secondary beam production, or in waste management using intense beams. In order to guarantee an optimized and safe use of these targets and dumps, reliable instrumentation is needed; the diagnostics in high power beams around targets and dumps is reviewed. The suite of beam diagnostic devices used in such extreme environments is discussed, including their role in commissioning and operation. The handling and maintenance of the instrumentation components in high radiation areas will be addressed.
	Slides WEXB02 [13.010 MB]

WEXB03	Protecting Accelerator Control Systems in the Face of Sophisticated Cyber Attacks	controls, monitoring, collider, neutron	2101
	S.M. Hartman ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 Recent events at ORNL and the knowledge of the use of the STUXNET virus in another country illustrate the vulnerability of advanced control systems to increasingly intelligent cyber attacks. The threat is clearly evolving and escalating, and techniques for mitigation are clearly of interest to the broader accelerator community. Risks associated with remote access must be balanced against operational efficiency and operating models. This talk should review the ongoing evolution of system architecture and security that permit effective facility operation while protecting against such harmful intrusions.
	Slides WEXB03 [6.747 MB]

WEOAA01	Injected Beam Imaging at SPEAR 3 with a Digital Optic Mask	injection, synchrotron, storage-ring, quadrupole	2116
	H.D. Zhang, R.B. Fiorito, A.G. Shkvarunets UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA W.J. Corbett, A.S. Fisher, K. Tian SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: *This work is partially funded by the Office of Naval Research and the DOD Joint Technology Office. At SPEAR3, the light source operates in top-up injection mode with 273nC charge circulating in the storage ring (350mA). Each individual injection pulse contains only 40pC, or a contrast ration of 1:6800. In order to monitor injected beam dynamics during User operations, it is desirable to optically image the injected charge distribution on a turn-by-turn basis in the presence of the bright stored beam. The measurement is made by re-imaging visible synchrotron radiation onto a 1024x768 pixel Digital-Micro-Array mirror device (DMD) which is used to 'mask' light from the central stored beam while observing the weak injected beam signal on an intensified, fast-gated CCD camera. Complex beam dynamics are observed after only a few 10's of turns around the synchrotron. In this paper we report on the DMD optical configuration, masking considerations, measurement timing and initial tests imaging the injected beam in the presence of stored beam.
	Slides WEOAA01 [1.874 MB]

WEIC02	Future Medical Accelerator	neutron, proton, radiation, controls	2152
	K. Yasuoka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
	In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.
	Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEEPPB008	HOM Coupler Optimisation for the Superconducting RF Cavities in ESS	HOM, cavity, neutron, damping	2182
	R. Ainsworth Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Calaga CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Molloy ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s most powerful next generation neutron source. It consists of a linear accelerator, target, and instruments for neutron experiments. The linac is designed to accelerate protons to a final energy of 2.5 GeV , with an average design beam power of 5 MW, for collision with a target used to produce a high neutron flux. A section of the linac will contain Superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities designed to resonate at 704 MHz. Dangerous beam induced modes in these cavities may make the beam unstable and increase the cryogenic load and so couplers are usually installed to provide damping. Previous studies have shown potential designs are susceptible to multipacting, a resonant process which can absorb RF power and lead to heating effects. This paper will show how a coupler suffering from multipacting has been redesigned to limit this effect. Optimisation of the RF damping is also discussed.

WEPPC101	Characteristics and Fabrication of a 499 MHz Superconducting Deflecting Cavity for the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade	cavity, vacuum, electron, niobium	2450
	H. Park, S.U. De Silva JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA J.R. Delayen ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	A 499 MHz parallel bar superconducting deflecting cavity has been designed and optimized for a possible implementation at the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade. This paper will present the analysis of the mechanical characteristics of the cavity (pressure sensitivity and tunability) and will detail the fabrication process. The unique geometry of the cavity–which is currently being fabricated at Jefferson Lab–and its required mechanical strength present interesting manufacturing challenges.

WEPPD030	Concept for the Antiproton Production Target at FAIR	antiproton, proton, synchrotron, radiation	2570
	K. Knie, B. Franzke, V. Gostishchev, M. Steck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Sievers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We will report on the status of the antiproton production target for the FAIR facility. A Ni target will be bombarded by a pulsed beam of 29 GeV protons with an intensity of 2.5·10¹³ ppp and a repetition rate of 0.2 Hz. Directly after the target the antiprotons will be focussed by a magnetic horn. In the proceeding magnetic separator antiprotons with an energy of 3 GeV (± 3%) will be selected and transported to the antiproton collector ring. The planned setup of the target area, including radiation protection issues, will be presented,

WEPPD031	A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings	electron, ion, interaction-region, simulation	2573
	S. Geyer, O. Meusel IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany O.K. Kester GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: supported by HIC for FAIR A transverse electron target is a well suited concept for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interactions processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. In comparison with an internal gas target, it promises a better energy resolution but still has the advantage, in contrast to an electron cooler, of access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. The new electron target is suited for the use under the UHV requirements of a storage ring and realizes an open geometry for spectroscopy. A simple design based on electrostatic fields was chosen. The sheet beam application provides a higher perveance limit and a smaller potential depression than a cylindrical gun arrangement. The adjustable electron energy ranges between several 10eV and a few keV. The setup will be installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the NESR at the new FAIR facility. First measurements are planned at a test bench and subsequent tests at the Frankfurt Low Energy Storage Ring (FLSR) are envisaged. An overview of the progress in the development of the transverse electron target will be given.

WEPPD032	Heat Load Studies in Target and Collimator Materials for the ILC Positron Source	photon, positron, polarization, undulator	2576
	F. Staufenbiel, S. Riemann DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
	An intense polarized positron beam for future linear colliders can be produced using a high power beam of circularly polarized photons which penetrates a thin titanium-alloy target. The degree of polarization can be increased by cutting the outer part of the photon beam generated in a helical undulator using a collimator in front of the target. However, the photon beam induces substantial heat load and stress inside the target and collimator materials. In order to avoid failure of these components the stress evolution has been simulated. The results as well as the corresponding material arrangements for the photon collimator design are presented.

WEPPD033	Design of 100 MeV Proton Beam Irradiation Facility for the PEFP 100 MeV Linac	proton, radiation, linac, octupole	2579
	S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government. The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will install a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at Gyeong-ju site. Two target rooms ( TR 103, TR 23) will be prepared in the beam commissioning stage for 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams, respectively. To design the irradiation equipment in TR 103, we have investigated general propagation shape and spatial distribution of proton beam by using Monte carlo method, when 100 MeV proton beam extracted from vacuum in the beam lines through beam window. On the basis of this result, we have designed beam irradiation components and their configuration. The beam irradiation facility consists of beam dump, support frame, sample support and beam current monitor. To minimize residual radioactivity induced by incident proton beam, the graphite was selected as the material of beam dump and the aluminum alloy was selected as material of other irradiation equipment. These residual radioactivity of equipment were estimated by Monte carlo method. In this paper, the details of this irradiation equipment design are presented.

WEPPD036	Energy Flow and Deposition in a 4-MW Muon Collider Target System	shielding, collider, radiation, factory	2588
	N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 The design of the target station for a 4-MW Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory is evolving to include more space for services to the magnets and internal tungsten shielding, as well as consideration of removing the 5-T resistive copper coils, thereby reducing the peak field from 20 to 15 T. Simulations with MARS15 have been performed to verify that these revisions preserve sufficient shielding that the peak power deposition everywhere in the superconducting magnets will be less than 0.1 mW/g, permitting at least a 10-year operational lifetime against radiation damage to the organic insulators.

WEPPD037	Shielding of Superconducting Coils for a 4-MW Muon-Collider Target System	shielding, collider, interaction-region, factory	2591
	R.J. Weggel, N. Souchlas Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 The target system envisioned for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory features a liquid Hg jet target immersed in a 20-T solenoidal field. Field quality limits intercoil gaps to ~ 40% of the O.D. of the flanking coils. Longitudinal sag of the tungsten shielding vessels limits their length to ~ 7 m. Support members adequate to resist intercryostat axial forces require an aggregate cross section of ~ 0.1 m²; the cryogenic heat leakage may be large. The innermost shielding vessel wall can be adequately cooled by helium gas only if its pressure is ~ 10 atm and its velocity is ~ 200m/s. However, the analysis in this paper found none of these engineering challenges to be insurmountable.

WEPPD038	Mercury Handling for the Target System for a Muon Collider	shielding, proton, collider, factory	2594
	V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO.~DE-AC02-98CHI10886 and DE-AC05-00OR22725. The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free-stream mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Design issues discussed in this paper include the nozzle, splash mitigation in the mercury pool, the mercury containment vessel, and the mercury recirculation system.

WEPPD041	The Strategy between High Precision Temperature Control and Energy Saving for Air-Conditioning System	controls, monitoring, photon, feedback	2603
	Z.-D. Tsai, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, C.S. Chen, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	In the Taiwan Light Source (TLS), several studies related to the temperature stability for air conditioning system continued to be in progress. Using new control philosophy can minimize temperature variations effectively. A high precision temperature control within ±0.05°C for air condition system has been conducted to meet the more critical stability requirement. Due to the importance of energy saving issue, the power consumption of air conditioning system was also upgraded and intended to reduce extensively. The paper addresses some experience between high precision temperature control and energy saving about operation of air conditioning system. The significant improvements proven that both targets can achieve simultaneously.

WEPPD044	Machine Protection System for the SPIRAL2 Facility	controls, beam-losses, diagnostics, ion	2612
	M.H. Moscatello, C. Berthe, C. Jamet, G. Normand GANIL, Caen, France
	The phase 1 of the SPIRAL2 facility, extension project of the GANIL laboratory, is under construction. The accelerator is based on a linear solution, mainly composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. One of its specificities is to be designed to accelerate high power deuteron and heavy ion beams (40-200kW), and medium intensity heavy ion beams as well (a few kW). The associated Machine Protection System, has thus to be able to control and protect the accelerator for a very large range in terms of beam intensities and beam powers. This paper presents the technical solutions chosen for this system and the present status of its construction.

WEPPD073	Strategy and Validation of Fiducialization for the Pre-alignment of CLIC Components	alignment, laser, controls, linac	2693
	S. griffet, A. Cherif, J. Kemppinen, H. Mainaud Durand, V. Rude, G. Sterbini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The feasibility of the high energy e⁺ e⁻ linear collider CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) is very dependent on the ability to accurately pre-align its components. There are two 20-km-long Main Linacs which meet in an interaction point (IP). The Main Linacs are composed of thousands of 2 m long modules. One of the challenges is to meet very tight alignment tolerances at the level of CLIC module: for example, the center of a Drive Beam Quad needs to be aligned within 20 μm rms with respect to a straight line. Such accuracies cannot be achieved using usual measurement devices. Thus it is necessary to work in close collaboration with the metrology lab. To test and improve many critical points, including alignment, a CLIC mock-up is being assembled at CERN. This paper describes the application of the strategy of fiducialization for the pre-alignment of CLIC mock-up components. It also deals with the first results obtained by performing measurements using a CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) to ensure the fiducialization, using a Laser Tracker to adjust or check components’ positions on a girder and finally using a Measuring Arm to perform dimensional control after assembling steps.

WEPPP015	Generation and Characterization of 5-micron Electron Beam for Probing Optical Scale Structures	electron, diagnostics, quadrupole, permanent-magnet	2753
	M.G. Fedurin, M. Babzien, V. Yakimenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA B.A. Allen USC, Los Angeles, California, USA P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany A.Y. Murokh RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA
	In recent years advanced acceleration technologies have progress toward combination of electron beam, laser and optical scale dielectric structures. In present paper described generation of the electron beam probe with parameters satisfied to perform test of such optical structures.

WEPPP029	Quasi-Monoenergetic Ion Bunch Generating by Two-Stage Laser Acceleration	ion, laser, acceleration, light-ion	2787
	G. Dudnikova UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA D. Gorpinchenko ICM&MG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Experiments carried out in recent years on the laser-plasma interaction show the possibility of ions acceleration to high energy. The energy spectrum of these ions is typically broad. Practical applications require that the beams of accelerated ions be monoenergetic. A scheme is proposed for producing a quasi-monoenergetic ion bunch by irradiating a foil with two subsequent laser pulses–a prepulse followed by a stronger main pulse. We have demonstrated a possible mechanism for generating a quasi-monoenergetic ion bunch from a homogeneous target consisting of atoms of the same species by the two-stage acceleration. Results are presented from 2D and 3D PIC simulation that illustrate the scheme and determine the space–time and energy characteristics of the accelerated ions. Investigation was made by varying such control parameters as the duration and amplitude of the main laser pulse and the prepulse, the time lag between the pulses, and the thickness and density of the foil.

WEPPP033	Design of a Wakefield Experiment in a Traveling-wave Photonic Band Gap Accelerating Structure	wakefield, electron, higher-order-mode, HOM	2798
	E.I. Simakov, R.L. Edwards LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Early Career Research Program. We designed an experiment to conduct a thorough investigation of higher order mode spectrum in a room-temperature traveling-wave photonic band gap (PBG) accelerating structure at 11.7 GHz. It has been long recognized that PBG structures have great potential in reducing long-range wakefields in accelerators. The first ever demonstration of acceleration in room-temperature PBG structures was conducted at MIT in 2005. Since then, the importance of that device has been recognized by many research institutions. However, the full experimental characterization of the wakefield spectrum in a beam test has not been performed to date. The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) test facility at the Argonne National Laboratory represents a perfect site where this evaluation could be conducted with a single high charge electron bunch and with a train of bunches. We present the design of the accelerating structure that will be tested at AWA in the near future. The structure will consist of sixteen 2pi/3 PBG cells, including two coupler cells. We will also present the results of the initial cold-testing of the few sample cells and a plan for the beam test.

WEPPP057	Orbit Correction Studies using Neural Networks	controls, storage-ring, simulation, synchrotron	2837
	E. Meier, G. LeBlanc, Y.E. Tan ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
	This paper reports the use of Neural Networks for orbit correction at the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring. The proposed system uses two Neural Networks in an actor-critic scheme to model a long term cost function and compute appropriate corrections. The system is entirely based on the history of the beam position and the actuators, the corrector magnets, in the storage ring. This makes the system auto-tuneable, which has the advantage of avoiding the use of a response matrix. As a generic and robust orbit correction program it can be used during commissioning and in slow orbit feedback. In this study, we present positive initial results of the simulations of the storage ring in Matlab. We will also discuss the possibility of reconstructing the response matrix from the information stored in the neural network for offline orbit response matrix analysis.

WEPPP081	Fast Beam Tuning for Accelerator Driven Systems	controls, linac, laser, proton	2897
	S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli Ohio State University, USA A. Mukherjee Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	The biggest challenge for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) is the stringent availability requirement of >99% compared to ~80% achieved by a typical accelerators. In addition to overall availability, due to thermal stress problems, ADS is also sensitive to the length of each downtime. A significant source of downtime is re-adjustment – “tuning” – of the system to account for drift in component behavior, or substitution of a backup device for one that failed. Tuning at present is done “by hand,” i.e. with human observation, interpretation, and decision, a process which takes hours; whereas ADS requires recovery in minutes. In this research, we apply intelligent controls in a (simulated) proton linac to automate fine-tuning. Beam monitor data is fed into a controller which adjusts magnet currents and RF power to minimize beam loss. We consider fluctuations in ion source characteristics; drift in magnet behavior (mechanical motion, or change in calibration); and failure of an accelerating cavity.

WEPPP086	Positioning the 100MeV Linac and Magnets with Two Laser Trackers	linac, proton, alignment, klystron	2912
	B.-S. Park, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government. Proton Engineering Frontier Project(PEFP) is developing a 100MeV high-duty-factor proton linac and 10 beam lines. The total length of PEFP linac is about 80m and each beam line is about 30m in length. The reference points were set up on the wall of the tunnel in the lst floor, the klystron gallery in the 2nd floor and the modulator gallery in the 3rd floor to built a survey network. Before the beam commissioning, the accelerator components and beam line magnets have been positioned within the tolerance limit by using two laser tracker systems. In this paper, the schemes for the alignment and the network survey are presented together with the results.

WEPPP093	Time and Phase Synchronisation at ESS	controls, LLRF, neutron, cavity	2927
	A.J. Johansson Lund University, Lund, Sweden R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden
	ESS is a next generation spallation source to be built in Lund, Sweden. It is a green field laboratory, and as such it has the opportunity to establish one central timing reference for all systems, from control systems through reference phases for the Linac RF generators to the scientific instruments at the detector. We will here present the proposed architecture for this timing and phase reference system.

WEPPR076	Positron Options for the Linac-ring LHeC	positron, emittance, electron, laser	3108
	F. Zimmermann, O.S. Brüning, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Schulte, P. Sievers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H.-H. Braun Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland E.V. Bulyak NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine M. Klein The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom L. Rinolfi JUAS, Archamps, France A. Variola, Z.F. Zomer LAL, Orsay, France V. Yakimenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The full physics program of a future Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) requires both pe⁺ and pe- collisions. For a pulsed 140-GeV or an ERL-based 60-GeV Linac-Ring LHeC this implies a challenging rate of, respectively, about 1.8·10¹⁵ or 4.4·10¹⁶ e+/s at the collision point, which is about 300 or 7000 times the past SLC rate. We consider providing this e⁺ rate through a combination of measures: (1) Reducing the required production rate from the e⁺ target through colliding e⁺ (and the LHC protons) several times before deceleration, by reusing the e⁺ over several acceleration/deceleration cycles, and by cooling them, e.g., with a compact tri-ring scheme or a conventional damping ring in the SPS tunnel. (2) Using an advanced target, e.g., W-granules, rotating wheel, sliced-rod converter, or liquid metal jet, for converting gamma rays to e+. (3) Selecting the most powerful of several proposed gamma sources, namely Compton ERL, Compton storage ring, coherent pair production in a strong laser, or high-field undulator radiation from the high-energy lepton beam. We describe the various concepts, present example parameters, estimate the electrical power required, and mention open questions.

THXA01	Producing Medical Isotopes using X-rays	linac, electron, neutron, extraction	3177
	M.S. de Jong CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
	Funding: Natural Resources Canada Non-reactor-based Isotope Supply Program Contribution Agreement Saskatchewan Crown Investment Corporation Contribution Agreement In recent years, there has been frequent shortages of Mo-99 and its daughter isotope, Tc-99m, which are the most heavily used medical diagnostic radio-isotopes. The Canadian Light Source is leading a project to demonstrate large-scale photo-neutron production of Mo-99 using a high-power 35 MeV electron linac as an alternative to production of Mo-99 from fission of highly enriched U-235 in research reactors. This talk will present the results that have been obtained to date and discuss the commercial potential for this alternative production scheme.
	Slides THXA01 [6.482 MB]

THYA03	Critical Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production	ion, ion-source, ISOL, proton	3195
	P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Minor, A. Mjøs, B. Moss, M. Nozar TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	This presentation should review the technology challenges and future directions in the production of high intensity RIBs, including the operation of targets/ion sources in high radiation environment, high efficiency charge stripping, and high reliability.
	Slides THYA03 [5.010 MB]

THEPPB010	Simulation of Plasma Window for Gas Target of Neutron Source	plasma, neutron, vacuum, simulation	3251
	S. Huang, S. BenLiang, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	the demand of intense mono-energy fast neutron beams grow quickly as various applications of neutron are improved. Utilizing the reaction and based on small accelerators especially the modern radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators to get several mA of ion beam to energies in the low MeV range, or even just only connecting to a ion source with LEBT, the neutron source can be as compact as possible to get intense fast neutrons. Traditional gas target of high pressure is sealed by several thick metal foil from the vacuum environment, which will decrease and disperse the energy of the ion beams, and at the same time reduce the strength and cause the production of rays. In the other aspects, the foil window could be damaged with short service life result from the high heat flux of the ion beam injection. To prevent of these problems, a plasma window is designed to maintain a high pressure gap between the gas target (several bar) and the vacuum vessel, with no material window at all. In this article both the computational simulation and experiment results of the plasma window will be included.

THEPPB012	Pressure Acoustic Waves in Positron Production Targets for Future Lepton Colliders	positron, photon, collider, linear-collider	3257
	O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany A.F. Hartin DESY, Hamburg, Germany F. Staufenbiel DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE Future high energy lepton colliders demand high luminosities to achieve its physics goals. For the electron-positron linear collider, the generation of positrons is a non-trivial problem: the positron production target has to a survive huge amount of energy deposited by the bombardment of intense beams of electrons or photons. This causes a rapid increase of the temperature in the target within a very short time period. The resulting thermal stress induces pressure waves and can substantially shorten the operating life-span of for the target material. In this work, we study linear and effects of induced stress through pressure acoustic waves using a hydrodynamic model. The survivability issue of the target is discussed.

THPPD011	Radiation Hard Magnets at the Paul Scherrer Institute	radiation, shielding, vacuum, neutron	3518
	A.L. Gabard, J.P. Duppich, D. George Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
	Radiation hard magnets have been in operation at PSI for more than 30 years. Throughout this period, extensive experience was gained regarding both the conceptual design of these magnets and their operation. Worldwide, upcoming future projects for high intensity accelerators and spallation sources will create an increasing need for radiation hard magnets. Through a presentation of the PSI main accelerator facilities, this paper describes the lessons learned over the years regarding the operation of radiation hard magnets and explains a few basic design concepts adopted by PSI based on this experience.

THPPD017	Mu2e AC Dipole 300 kHz and 5.1 MHz Tests and Comparison of Nickel-Zinc Ferrites	pick-up, dipole, proton, impedance	3533
	L. Elementi, K.R. Bourkland, D.J. Harding, V.S. Kashikhin, A.V. Makarov, H. Pfeffer, G. Velev Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	To suppress any background events coming from the inter-bunch proton interactions during the muon transport and decay window for the Mu2e experiment, a beam extinction scheme based on two dipoles running at ~300 kHz and 5.1 MHz is considered. The effective field of these magnets is synchronized to the proton bunch spacing in such a way that the bunches are transported at the sinus nodes. Two types Ni-Zn ferrites are considered for these dipoles. Ferrites, their characteristics and ferrites selection is herein discussed through measurements performed under conditions close to operational. The excitation system and the measurement of some characteristics of the magnetic field and field shape and measurement mechanism are also presented.

THPPD024	Irradiation Effects in Superconducting Magnet Materials at Low Temperature	neutron, radiation, solenoid, superconducting-magnet	3551
	M.Y. Yoshida, M.I. Iio, S. Mihara, T. Nakamoto, H. Nishiguchi, T. Ogitsu, M. Sugano, K. Yoshimura KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Aoki, T. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, A. Sato Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, B. Qin, K. Sato, Q. Xu, T. Yoshiie Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	Superconducting magnets for high intensity accelerators and particle sources are exposed to severe radiation from beam collisions and other beam losses. Neutron fluence on the superconducting magnets for the next generation projects of high energy particle physics, such as LHC upgrades and the COMET experiment at J-PARC, is expected to exceed 10²¹ n/m², which is close to the requirements on the fusion reactor magnets. Irradiation effects at low temperature in superconducting magnet materials should be reviewed to estimate the stability of the superconducting magnet system in operation and its life. The pion capture superconducting solenoids for the COMET experiment are designed with aluminum stabilized superconducting cable to reduce the nuclear heating by neutrons. Also, the heat is designed to be transferred in pure aluminum strips. Irradiation effects on the electrical conductance of aluminum stabilizer and other materials are tested at cryogenic temperature using the reactor neutrons. This paper describes the study on the irradiation effects for the magnet developments.

THPPD028	Studies on the LHC Superconducting Circuits and Routine Qualification of Their Functionalities	dipole, cryogenics, collider, hadron	3563
	M. Pojer, G. D'Angelo, R. Mompo, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is systematically undergoing periods of maintenance stop (either 4-5 days stops or longer Christmas breaks), after which some of the superconducting circuits (or the totality of them) have to be re-commissioned to check the correct functionality of all powering and protection systems. Detailed procedures have been developed during the past few years and they have been optimized to increase powering tests efficiency, thus reducing beam downtime. The approach to the routine qualification of the LHC powering systems is described in this paper. During 2011 technical stops, some particular studies on the superconducting circuits were performed, to assess the quality of the superconducting splices of individually powered magnets and to study the quench propagation in the main magnet bus-bars. The methodology of these tests and some results are also presented.

THPPD042	High Radiation Environment Nuclear Fragment Separator Dipole Magnet	dipole, radiation, quadrupole, magnet-design	3605
	S.A. Kahn Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA R.C. Gupta BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Supported in part by STTR Grant 4746 · 11SC06273 Magnets in the fragment separator region of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) would be subjected to extremely high radiation and heat loads. Critical elements of FRIB are the dipole magnets which select the desired isotopes. Since conventional NiTi and Nb3Sn superconductors must operate at ~4.5 K, the removal of the high heat load generated in these magnets with these superconductors would be difficult. The coils for these magnets must accommodate the large curvature from the 30° bend that the magnets subtend. High temperature superconductor (HTS) have been shown to be radiation resistant and can operate in the 20-50 K temperature range where heat removal is an order of magnitude more efficient than at 4.5 K. Furthermore these dipole magnets must be removable remotely for servicing because of the extremely high radiation environment. This paper will describe the magnetic and conceptual design of these magnets.

THPPP002	Operation of the HESR Storage Ring of the FAIR Project with Ions and Rare Isotopes	ion, electron, antiproton, storage-ring	3722
	M. Steck, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The HESR storage ring of the FAIR project is designed for experiments with cooled antiprotons. The HESR receives pre-cooled antiprotons from the Collector Ring CR which is also designed for cooling of rare isotope beams. The magnetic rigidity of 13 Tm is the same for the pre-cooling of antiprotons and rare isotopes in the CR. Therefore the transfer of ions or rare isotopes from the CR to the HESR can be performed under similar condition, except the different polarity of the magnetic components. This is an option for the first stage of the FAIR project when no other storage ring is available for experiments with stored ions. In the HESR the ions can be decelerated or accelerated, like the antiprotons, to energies corresponding to the magnetic rigidity range from 5 to 50 Tm. The planned beam cooling systems of the HESR, stochastic and electron cooling, can be applied to improve the quality of the ion beams in the HESR and support experiments using an internal target or the accumulation of rare isotope beams in the HESR. Scenarios for operating the HESR with ions and rare isotopes as well as achievable performance, beam intensity and quality for internal experiments will be discussed.

THPPP012	Performance of the CERN Heavy Ion Production Complex	ion, injection, proton, luminosity	3752
	D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, S. Maury, M. O'Neil, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The second LHC ion run took place at 1.38 A TeV/c per beam in autumn 2011; more than 100 inverse microbarns was accumulated by each of the experiments. In addition, the LHC injector chain delivered primary Pb and secondary Be ion beams to fixed target experiments in the North Area. This paper presents the current performance of the heavy ion production complex, and prospects to further improve it in the near future.

THPPP021	6 Batch Injection and Slipped Beam Tune Measurements in Fermilab’s Main Injector	injection, booster, proton, coupling	3776
	D.J. Scott, D. Capista, I. Kourbanis, K. Seiya, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	During Nova operations it is planned to run the Fermilab Recycler in a 12 batch slip stacking mode. In preparation for this, measurements of the tune during a six batch injection and then as the beam is slipped by changing the RF frequency, but without a 7th injection, have been carried out in the Main Injector. The coherent tune shifts due to the changing beam intensity were measured and compared well with the theoretically expected tune shift. The tune shifts due to changing RF frequency, required for slip stacking, also compare well with the linear theory, although some nonlinear affects are apparent at large frequency changes. These results give us confidence that the expected tunes shifts during 12 batch slip stacking Recycler operations can be accommodated.

THPPP040	Heavy-ion Beam Acceleration at RIKEN for the Super-Heavy Element Search	ion, ion-source, ECR, cyclotron	3823
	M. Kase, M. Fujimaki, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Aihara, T.O. Ohki, K. Oyamada, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama, H. Yamauchi SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
	In RIKEN Nishina accelerator center, the experiment on the super-heavy element (Z=113) search has been being carried out since 2003. The RIKEN heavy-ion linac is supplying a heavy-ion beam of 70Zn with energies around 5MeV/nucleon. The beam intensities are required more than 1 particle maicro amper on the target. Very long-term and stable operations are intrinsic for this kind of experiments. So far two events for Z=113 have been found during a net irradiation time of 10345 hours (431 days) with a total dose 1.1 x 10²⁰ (12.8 mg). Heavy operation of the linac will be reported.

THPPP047	The ESS Control Box	controls, EPICS, neutron, feedback	3844
	E. Laface ESS, Lund, Sweden M. Reščič Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
	The European Spallation Source will be a 5 MW superconducting proton linac, with fixed target, for the production of a stream of neutrons. The entire machine, the target and all the instruments will be controlled by an Integrated Control System: this is a set of hardware and software tools created to provide the most possible easy and flexible interface for the operator daily usage in the control room. The hardware core of the Integrated Control System is the Control Box, a Linux-based computer designed to provide a common platform for the ESS hardware developers. The software front-end for the Control Box is the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System - EPICS, a standard protocol used to control large facilities such as accelerators or nuclear power plants. In this paper the main characteristics of the Control Box and the EPICS system are presented.

THPPP070	Comparison of the Residual Doses Before and After Resumption of User Operation in J-PARC RCS	injection, alignment, scattering, neutron	3901
	K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, R. Saeki, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	J-PARC Facilities were damaged by East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, but All Facirities resumed a beam operation from December 2012. In this paper, we report and compare the beam loss distribution and the residual doses before and after resumption of user operation in J-PARC RCS.

THPPP071	Design of the ESS Accelerator	linac, klystron, DTL, cryomodule	3904
	H. Danared ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source, ESS, has produced a Conceptual Design Report at the end of 2011 which will evolve towards a Technical Design Report at the end of 2012. This paper is presented on behalf of the ESS Accelerator Design Update Collaboration and will describe the current design of the ESS linear accelerator.

THPPP077	Status of the SPES Project: a Neutron Rich ISOL Facility for Re-accelerated RIBs	ISOL, neutron, proton, cyclotron	3913
	L.A.C. Piazza, A. Andrighetto, G. Bisoffi, P. Favaron, F. Gramegna, A. Lombardi, G.P. Prete, D. Zafiropoulos INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project with the aim to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES Project is under realization at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories site. The SPES Project main goal is to provide a production and accelerator system of exotic beams to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability. The SPES Project is concentrating on the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with mass in the range 80-160. The final energy of the radioactive beams on target will range from few MeV/u up to 11 MeV/u for A=130. The SPES acceleration system will be presented, together with the facility realization status.

THPPP084	Charge Stripping of Uranium-238 Ion Beam with Helium Gas Stripper	cyclotron, ion, acceleration, radiation	3930
	H. Imao RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Development of the reliable and efficient electric charge stripping method is one of the key issues in next-generation high-intensity heavy ion accelerators. Although conventional carbon-foil charge strippers provide a good charge stripping efficiency, two serious problems are emerging; the short usable time and thickness non-uniformity. A charge stripper using low-Z gas is an important candidate applicable for high-intensity 238U beams to replace carbon foil strippers. In the present work, the first actual charge stripping system using helium gas for 238U beams injected at 10.75 MeV/u has been developed and tested.

THPPP085	End to End Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac	linac, proton, DTL, quadrupole	3933
	M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain L. Celona INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Comunian INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen ISA, Aarhus, Denmark J. Stovall CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to deliver a high intensity proton beam to the target station. The nominal beam power on target will be 5~MW at an energy of 2.5~GeV. We briefly describe the individual accelerating structures and transport lines through which we have carried out multiparticle beam dynamics simulations. We will present a review of the beam dynamics from the source to the target.

THPPP087	Beta Beams for Precision Measurements of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters	ion, proton, linac, acceleration	3939
	E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Berkovits Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel A. Brondi, A. Di Nitto, G. La Rana, R. Moro, E. Vardaci Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A. Chancé, J. Payet CEA/DSM/IRFU, France M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, V. Kravtchouk, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G. Collazuol Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy G. De Rosa, V.C. Palladino INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy F. Debray, C. Trophime GHMFL, Grenoble, France T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Hass, T. Hirsch Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel I. Izotov, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France M. Mezzetto INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy A. Stahl RWTH, Aachen, Germany
	Funding: CERN and European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372 Neutrino oscillations have implications for the Standard Model of particle physics. The “CERN Beta Beam” has outstanding capabilities to contribute to precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations. The FP7 collaboration “EUROnu” (2008-2012) is a design study that will review three facilities (Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make decisions on future European neutrino oscillation facilities. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrino beams by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. Using existing machines and infrastructure is an advantage for the cost evaluation; however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes. The costing approach will also be described.

THPPP090	Project X Functional Requirements Specification	linac, proton, collider, factory	3945
	S.D. Holmes, S. Henderson, R.D. Kephart, J.S. Kerby, I. Kourbanis, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, S. Nagaitsev, N. Solyak, R.S. Tschirhart Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy. Project X is a multi-megawatt proton facility being developed to support a world-leading program in Intensity Frontier physics at Fermilab. The facility is designed to support programs in elementary particle and nuclear physics, with possible applications to nuclear energy research. A Functional Requirements Specification has been developed in order to establish performance criteria for the Project X complex in support of these multiple missions, and to assure that the facility is designed with sufficient upgrade capability to provide U.S. leadership for many decades to come. This paper will describe the Functional Requirements for the Project X facility, their recent evolution, and the rationale for these requirements.

THPPR004	Development Status of Data Acquisition System for LIPAc	EPICS, status, controls, linac	3972
	H. Takahashi, T. Kojima, T. Narita, H. Sakaki Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan S. Komukai Gitec, Hachinohe, Japan
	Control System for LIPAc* for IFMIF/EVEDA** realizes the remote control and monitoring and data acquisition by use of EPICS. LIPAc consists of the basic components for IFMIF Accelerator, and the purpose of LIPAc project is engineering validation of these components. Therefore, for the validations of each subsystem performance and the activity of IFMIF Accelerator design, it is very important data obtained by commissioning of LIPAc and each subsystem. To certainly archive the important data for LIPAc and to efficiently search the LIPAc data, for design and validation, we started developing Data Acquisition System (DAC) based on Relational Database (RDB) has been developed. The first design for DAC of LIPAc control system is configured (1) using PostgreSQL for RDB and (2) several RDB for data archiving to ensure the data archive performance and to consider the increasing data amount. In addition, (3) only one RDB for data search is included in DAC and users can search the data via this RDB. In this way, several RDB for DAC can behave only one RDB against users. In this article, the development status of DAC for LIPAc is presented. * LIPAc: Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator ** IFMIF/EVEDA: International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility/Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity

THPPR023	Radiation Shielding Design for Dream-Line Beamline at SSRF	shielding, radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	4011
	J.Q. Xu, L.X. Liu, J.J. Lv, Y. Sheng, X. Xia SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	The dream-line beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is an under construction soft X-ray beam line with a wide energy range and super high energy resolution. It is required to allow online operation beside optical components in the experiment hutch at this beamline when synchrotron light is running. This requires more careful radiation shielding design for the beamline. The radiation shielding designs for the beamline are considered to shield gas bremsstrahlung and synchrotron. Ray tracing was carried out according to the beamline structure and optical components layout. The residual gas bremsstrahlung with optical components and the induced dose rate distribution were simulated with the Fluka code. The synchrotron radiation scattering at optical components was calculated with the STAC08 code. With the simulated results, the specifications of shielding collimators, safety shutters, and hutch wall are given for the beamline. The normalized dose rate results by gas bremsstrahlung are consisted with the measurements or calculations results in other facilities in the world very well. * Corresponding author: xiaxiaobin@sinap.ac.cn

THPPR029	A New Control Room for SLAC Accelerators	controls, linac, synchrotron, electron	4029
	R.A. Erickson, E. Guerra, M. Stanek, Z. Van Hoover, J. Warren SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. We propose to construct a new control room at SLAC to unify and improve the operation of the LCLS, SPEAR3, and FACET accelerator facilities, and to provide the space and flexibility needed to support the LCLS-II and proposed new test beam facilities. The existing control rooms for the linac and SPEAR3 have been upgraded in various ways over the last decade, but their basic features have remained unchanged. We propose to build a larger modern Accelerator Control Room (ACR) in the new Research Support Building (RSB), which is currently under construction at SLAC. Shifting the center of control for the accelerator facilities entails both technical and administrative challenges. In this paper, we describe the motivation and design concept for the ACR and the remaining challenges to completing this project.

THPPR031	Reliability Modeling Method for Proton Accelerator	cryomodule, simulation, linac, proton	4035
	S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli Ohio State University, USA J.S. Kerby, A. Mukherjee Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	Reliability Analysis is an essential part of designing any complex system in order to predict performance and understand availability. However modeling complex systems has been a challenging task due to the large number of components and inter-dependencies. The options have been custom written simulation packages, requiring large investment of programming and debugging time; or standard commercial software running for many days. In our research we developed a hierarchical method to represent the reliability model of “Project X,”* a proposed linear accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The system is first divided into subsystems small enough to readily simulate. Each subsystem is then separately simulated and parameterized so they can be represented as simple blocks in the top level system diagram. This allows standard, commercial software to model systems with many tens of thousands of components without requiring many days of computer time. Simulation were run and compared with data gathered from existing accelerators. * S.D. Holmes, "Project X: A Multi-MW Proton Source at Fermilab," Proc. of IPAC’10, TUYRA01, p. 1299 (2010).

THPPR048	Construction of a BNCT Facility using an 8-MeV High Power Proton Linac in Tokai	neutron, proton, radioactivity, DTL	4083
	H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Matsumoto, M. Yoshioka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Hashirano, F. Inoue, K. Sennyu, T. Sugano MHI, Hiroshima, Japan F. Hiraga, Y. Kiyanagi Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan H. Kumada Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan A. Matsumura, H. Sakurai Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan T. Nakamura, H. Nakashima, T. Shibata JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan T. Ohba, Su. Tanaka Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan
	An accelerator-based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) facility is now under construction and the entire system including the patient treatment system will be installed in the Ibaraki Medical Center for Advanced Neutron Therapy (tentative name). The linac specification is 8 MeV with 10 mA of average current (80 kW) with a duty factor of 20%. The linac is composed of a 3-MeV RFQ and a drift-tube linac and can accelerate a peak current of 50 mA up to 8-MeV. The neutron producing target is a 0.5 mm thick beryllium disk 150 mm in diameter which is formed on a heat sink plate. The material components used in the neutron moderator system, including the target, should be selected to have a reduced residual radio-activity. Special attention should be paid to mitigate the swelling of target materials due to hydrogen implantation as well. The development of an accelerator-based BNCT suited for practical application requires input from a wide spread of technical specialties. To obtain the needed breath and strength, we have organized our team with contributing members from diverse institutes and companies. The research and development activities of this integrated team will be presented.

THPPR050	Fabrication and High Power RF Test of A C-band 6MeV Standing-wave Linear Accelerating Structure	simulation, gun, coupling, electron	4089
	J.H. Shao, H. Chen, H. Zha TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	We have designed a C-band standing-wave bi-periodic on-axis coupled linear accelerating structure for industrial and medical applications [1]. The output electron energy is 6MeV and the pulse current intensity is 100mA. The structure has been fabricated and measured in cold test. The cold test results show a good agreement between the simulation and actual measurement. At present, it’s under high power RF test. In this paper, we illustrate the fabrication, the results of cold test and newly high power RF test.

THPPR054	Progress in the Design of a Curved Superconducting Dipole for a Therapy Gantry	dipole, proton, solenoid, ion	4097
	S. Caspi, D. Arbelaez, L.N. Brouwer, D.R. Dietderich, R.R. Hafalia, D. Robin, A. Sessler, C. Sun, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	A curved superconducting magnet for a carbon therapy gantry requires a large bore and a field around 5T. The design reduces the gantry’s size and weight and makes it more comparable with gantries used for proton therapy. In this paper we report on a combined function superconducting dipole magnet that is half the size needed for carbon gantry and is about the size of a proton gantry. The half scale, with a 130 mm bore diameter that is curved 90 degrees at a radius of 634 mm, superimposes two layers of oppositely wound and skewed solenoids that are energized in a way that nulls the solenoid field and doubles the dipole field. Furthermore, the combined architecture of the windings can create a selection of field terms that are off the near-pure dipole field. In this paper we report on the design of a two layers curved coil and the production of the winding mandrel. Some details on the magnet assembly are included.

THPPR057	Feasibility Study Gamma-induced Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy in an Electron Storage Ring	laser, positron, electron, storage-ring	4103
	Y. Taira, H. Toyokawa AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan M. Adachi, M. Katoh, S. Tanaka UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan N. Yamamoto Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22360297) and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (235193). Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has proved to be very sensitive tool to characterize materials and study defects. However PALS has been restricted to thin samples because of the limited range of positrons in materials. We have developed new techniques for PALS, in which laser Compton scattered (LCS) gamma rays are used to produce positrons inside materials via pair production. Ultra-short gamma ray pulse source* with pulse width of 5 ps (FWHM) generated by 90-degree collision LCS was applied to PALS for the first time. The short pulse width of the gamma-rays that is negligible compared to estimated positron lifetime (100 ps to ns range) is essential to PALS. The experiment was carried out at the UVSOR-II electron storage ring, a 750 MeV synchrotron light source. The positron annihilation lifetime, 199 ± 10 ps, in a bulk sample of lead was successfully measured by using the ultra-short gamma ray pulse. * Y. Taira, et al., Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A 637 (2011) S116.

THPPR061	Optimisation Studies of Accelerator Driven Fertile to Fissile Conversion Rates in Thorium Fuel Cycle	proton, neutron, simulation, scattering	4112
	C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The need for proliferation-resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn up and improved waste form characteristics has led to a renewed worldwide interest in thorium-based fuels and fuel cycles. In this paper the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate the Thorium-Uranium fuel cycle. The accelerator driven fertile to fissile conversion rates have been calculated for various geometries. Several new classes have been added by the authors to the GEANT4 simulation code, an extension which allows the state-of-the-art code to be used for the first time for nuclear reactor criticality calculations.

THPPR062	Handling GEM*STER Volatile Radioactive Fission Products	neutron, proton, simulation, ion	4115
	M. Notani, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA C. Bowman ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	A next-generation advanced technology of nuclear power has been developed for many years. One of the promising future reactor designs with accelerator-produced neutrons is GEMSTAR (Green Energy MultiplierSubcritical Technology for Alternative Reactors) developed by Accelerator Driven Neutron Application (ADNA), which is a subcritical thermal-spectrum reactor operating with molten salt fuel in a graphite matrix. GEMSTAR is able to use natural uranium as well as unreprocessed spent fuel from light-water reactors (LWR), generating as much electricity as the LWR had generated from the same fuel. Since the advanced design of GEMSTAR is quite different from LWR that uses solid nuclear fuel loaded in the Zircaloy, it requires emission control for volatiles emitted from the molten salt fuel, like as radioactive iodine and cesium. The volatiles caught in the helium gas circulating around the core reactor will be trapped in the cryogenic bottles. Numerical simulations to estimate the amount of fission products were performed for the design of confinement of the volatiles. The result of simulation with spent nuclear fuel from LWR is presented.

THPPR064	MW-class 800 MeV/n H²⁺ SC-Cyclotron for ADC application, Design Study and Goals	cyclotron, extraction, injection, closed-orbit	4121
	F. Méot, T. Roser, W.-T. Weng BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Calanna CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
	A megawatt class isochronous cyclotron is a potential candidate for accelerator driven systems, as in the subcritical-fission molten-salt reactor application. A scheme for a 800 MeV/nucleon cyclotron accelerating molecular H₂⁺ has been derived from on-going proton driver design studies for neutrino beam production. The present paper reports on beam dynamics studies regarding that cyclotron, exploiting its superconducting coil magnetic sector OPERA field map. These studies are aimed at assessing lattice properties as accelerated orbit, phase oscillations, tunes, beam envelopes and other resonance effects.

THPPR073	Target Studies for the Production of Lithium 8 for Neutrino Physics Using a Low Energy Cyclotron	neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron	4145
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the antineutrino fluxes that could be obtained in a practical system. We also calculate the production of undesirable contaminants such as Boron 8, and show that these can be reduced to a very low level.

THPPR074	Simulations of Pion Production in the DAEδALUS Target	proton, simulation, neutron, hadron	4148
	A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.M. Conrad, T. Smidt, J. Spitz MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA
	DAEδALUS, the Decay At-rest Experiment for δCP At the Laboratory for Underground Science will look for evidence of CP-violation in the neutrino sector, which may explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in our universe. It will make precision measurements of oscillations of anti-muon neutrinos to anti-electron neutrinos using multiple neutrino sources created by low-cost compact cyclotrons. DAEδALUS will utilize a decay-at-rest neutrino beam produced by 800 MeV protons impacting a graphite target. Two well established Monte Carlo codes, MARS and GEANT4, have been used to optimize the design and the performance of the target. A benchmarking of the results obtained with these codes is also presented in this paper.

THPPR075	The UK MEIS Facility : A New Future	ion, scattering, quadrupole, alignment	4151
	R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The Medium Energy Ion Scattering facility at the Daresbury Laboratory, one of only ~10 such facilities in the world, has served the UK community since 1996. It provides a 50-400 keV ion beam and a very comprehensive experimental station where samples can be studied and the energies and angles of the recoil ions measured. It is now closing, but will be be relocated some 50 miles to the University of Huddersfield: it should be recommissioned and available to users in early 2012. We will report on progress, and on the facilities which will be available for users at the new site and under the new management.

THPPR076	Optimising Neutron Production From Compact Low Energy Accelerators	neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron	4154
	N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom T.R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations, with other models and experimental results, before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production.

FRYBP01	Accelerators for Intensity Frontier Research	proton, booster, linac, kaon	4185
	P. Derwent Fermilab, Batavia, USA
	This presentation should present recent developments in the accelerator physics and technology supporting the intensity frontier research in high energy physics. It should discuss the long and short base line neutrino experiments and the experiments with muons (muon-to-electron conversion and g-2).
	Slides FRYBP01 [3.908 MB]

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Other Keywords

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MOYAP01

Accelerator Driven Systems

neutron, linac, proton, superconducting-RF

6

D. Vandeplassche, L. Medeiros Romão
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium

Accelerator Driven Systems are promising tools for the efficient transmutation of nuclear waste products in dedicated industrial installations (transmuters). The Myrrha project at Mol, Belgium, placed itself on the path towards these applications with a multipurpose and versatile system based on a liquid PbBi (LBE) cooled fast reactor (80 MWth) which may be operated in both critical and subcritical modes. In the latter case the core is fed by spallation neutrons obtained from a 600 MeV proton beam hitting the LBE coolant/target. The accelerator providing this beam is a CW superconducting linac which is laid out for the highest achievable reliability. The combination of a redundant and of a fault tolerant scheme should allow obtaining an MTBF value in excess of 500 hours that is required for optimal integrity and successful operation of the ADS. Myrrha is expected to be operational in 2023. The forthcoming 4-year period is fully dedicated to R&D activities, and in the field of the accelerator they are entirely focused on the reliability aspects.

Slides MOYAP01 [6.343 MB]

MOOBA01

Thorium Energy Futures

neutron, cyclotron, proton, linac

29

S. Peggs, W. Horak, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Ashley, R.F. Ashworth
Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, USA
R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
S. Henderson
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Hutton
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J. Kelly
Thor Energy, Oslo, Norway
M. Lindroos
ESS, Lund, Sweden
P.M. McIntyre
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
A. Norlin
IThEO, Sweden
H.L. Owen
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.T. Parks
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The potential for thorium as an alternative or supplement to uranium in fission power generation has long been recognised, and several reactors, of various types, have already operated using thorium-based fuels. Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) systems have benefits and drawbacks when compared to conventional critical thorium reactors, for both solid and molten salt fuels. None of the four options – liquid or solid, with or without an accelerator – can yet be rated as better or worse than the other three, given today's knowledge. We outline the research that will be necessary to lead to an informed choice.

Slides MOOBA01 [3.887 MB]

MOEPPB002

The MICE Experiment

emittance, solenoid, electron, coupling

76

A.P. Blondel
DPNC, Genève, Switzerland

Ionization Cooling is the only practical solution to preparing high brilliance muon beams for a neutrino factory or muon collider. The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) by an international collaboration. The muon beam line has been commissioned and first measurements of emittance with particle physics detectors have been performed. The remaining apparatus is currently under construction. First results with a liquid-hydrogen absorber will be produced in 2013; a couple of years later a full cell of a representative ionization cooling channel, including RF re-acceleration, will be in operation. The design offers opportunities for tests with various absorbers and several optics configurations. Results will be compared with detailed simulations of cooling channel performance to ensure full understanding of the cooling process.
on behalf of the MICE collaboration

MOEPPB003

Status of the PRISM FFAG Design for the Next Generation Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment

solenoid, injection, lattice, proton

79

J. Pasternak, A. Alekou, M. Aslaninejad, R. Chudzinski, L.J. Jenner, A. Kurup, Y. Shi, Y. Uchida
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R. Appleby, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock, B.D. Muratori
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
Y. Kuno, A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
M. Lancaster
UCL, London, United Kingdom
C. Ohmori
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Planche
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
S.L. Smith
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
T. Yokoi
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The PRISM Task Force continues to study high intensity and high quality muon beams needed for next generation lepton flavor violation experiments. In the PRISM case such beams have been proposed to be produced by sending a short proton pulse to a pion production target, capturing the pions and performing RF phase rotation on the resulting muon beam in an FFAG ring. This paper summarizes the current status of the PRISM design obtained by the Task Force. In particular various designs for the PRISM FFAG ring are discussed and their performance compared to the baseline one, the injection/extraction systems and matching to the solenoid channels upstream and downstream of the FFAG ring are presented. The feasibility of the construction of the PRISM system is discussed.

MOPPC005

Parameter Space for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade*

luminosity, emittance, optics, brightness

127

F. Zimmermann, O.S. Brüning
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures projects EuCARD, grant agreement no. 227579, and HiLumi LHC, grant agreement no. 284404.
We review the parameter space for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). Starting from the luminosity targets and the primary limitations, e.g., long-range beam-beam effects, event pile up, electron cloud, turnaround time, intrabeam scattering, we determine the range for compatible beam parameters such as the beam intensity, bunch spacing, transverse and longitudinal emittances, bunch length, and IP beta functions required to meet the HL-LHC goals. A selection of a few possible parameter sets is presented for comparison and discussion.

MOPPC006

90m Optics Studies and Operation in the LHC

optics, proton, injection, quadrupole

130

H. Burkhardt, G.J. Müller, S. Redaelli, R. Tomás, G. Vanbavinckhove, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Cavalier
LAL, Orsay, France

A high β^* = 90 m optics was commissioned and used for first very forward physics operation in the LHC in 2011. The experience gained from working with this optics in 5 studies and operation periods in 2011 was very positive. The target β^* = 90 m was reached by a de-squeeze from the standard 11 m injection and ramp optics on the first attempt and collisions and first physics results obtained in the second study. The optics was measured and corrected with good precision. The running conditions were very clean and allowed for measurements with roman pots very close to the beam.

MOPPC020

Field Tolerances for the Triplet Quadrupoles of the LHC High Luminosity Lattice

quadrupole, multipole, dynamic-aperture, lattice

169

Y. Jiao, Y. Cai, Y. Nosochkov, M.-H. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
R. De Maria, S.D. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, E. McIntosh
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DE-AC02-76SF00515 and the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
It has been proposed to implement an Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme* in the high luminosity LHC lattice to reduce the beta functions at the Interaction Points (IP) up to a factor of 8. As a consequence, the nominal 4.5-km peak beta functions reached in the inner triplets at collision will be increased by the same factor. This therefore justifies the installation of new, larger aperture superconducting triplet quadrupoles. These higher beta functions will enhance the effects of the triplet quadrupole field errors leading to smaller beam dynamic aperture. To maintain the acceptable dynamic aperture, the effects of the triplet multipole field errors must be re-evaluated, thus specifying new tolerances. Such a study has been performed for the so-called “4444” collision optics of the ATS scheme, where the IP beta functions are reduced by a factor of 4 in both planes with respect to a pre-squeezed value of 60 cm at two collision points. The dynamic aperture calculations were performed using SixTrack. The impact on the triplets’ field quality is studied and presented in details.
* S. Fartoukh, “An Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) Scheme for LHC Upgrade”, Proc. of IPAC11, p. 2088 (2011).

MOPPC032

Injection and Broadband Matching for the PRISM Muon FFAG

injection, betatron, solenoid, dipole

202

J. Pasternak, R. Chudzinski, A. Kurup
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J. Pasternak
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

The next generation of lepton flavor violation experiments requires high intensity and high quality muon beams. Such conditions can be met using phase rotation of short muon pulses in an FFAG ring, as was proposed for the PRISM project. The very large initial momentum spread and transverse emittance of the muon beam poses a significant challenge for the injection system into the PRISM FFAG. Also, the matching optics between the solenoidal transfer channel and the ring needs to create a specific orbit excursion in the horizontal plane, suppress any vertical dispersion and produce good betatron conditions in both planes. Candidate geometries for the matching and injection systems are presented and their performances are tested in tracking studies.

MOPPC041

Control of Beam Losses in the Front End for the Neutrino Factory

proton, factory, solenoid, collider

223

C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

The Neutrino Factory produces neutrinos by muon decay in a storage ring. Pions are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target. Pions decay to muons, which are captured and accelerated to high energy. The target produces additionally a large background that is deposited in the muon capture front end and subsequent components. The implications of energy deposition in the front end lattice for the Neutrino Factory are addressed. Several approaches to mitigating the effect are proposed and discussed, including proton absorbers, chicane, and shielding.

MOPPC044

Gallium as a Possible Target Material for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory

proton, factory, collider, interaction-region

232

X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Awards No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL) and No. DF-FG02-92ER40695 (UCLA)
We consider the potential for a free-gallium-jet as an option for the pion-production target at a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory. Advantages of such a target choice are its liquid state at relatively low temperature, its relatively efficient meson production, and its lower activation (compared to mercury). Using the MARS15 code, we have simulated particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies (KE) between 2 and 16~GeV. For each proton beam energy, we optimized the geometric parameters of the target: the radius of the liquid jet, the incoming proton beam angle, and the crossing angle between the jet and the proton beam. We compare the quantity of generated muons using a Ga target to that from a mercury jet target.

MOPPC050

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory

factory, lattice, proton, acceleration

244

K.R. Long, J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

A neutrino factory is a facility for producing a large neutrino flux from the decay of high energy muons. The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) aims to produce a reference design report for such a facility. The report will contain the physics motivation for the facility, describe the accelerator and detector, and estimate the cost for the facility. We will briefly discuss the physics capabilities for a neutrino factory, including how recent neutrino physics results affect our understanding of a neutrino factory's performance and advantages. We will give an overview of our baseline design for the accelerator facility. We will then outline the most significant areas of progress in our studies of the accelerator subsystems.
Paper submitted on behalf of the International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory collaboration.

MOPPC056

The SolMaxP Code

plasma, simulation, laser, beam-transport

259

A. Chancé, N. Chauvin, R.D. Duperrier
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

In modern sciences, use of high performance computing (HPC) has become a necessity to move forward in the modeling of complex systems. For large-scale instruments like accelerators, HPC permits the virtual prototyping of very onerous parts and, thus, helps to reduce development costs. The SolMaxP code (for Solving Maxwell in Plasma) has been developed to allow complex simulations of multi-species plasma coupled with electromagnetic fields, whether the electromagnetic background is or is not self-consistent with the plasma dynamics. This paper presents the main algorithm of the code and gives several examples of applications.

MOPPC060

Investigations into Beam Life Time in Low Energy Storage Rings

ion, storage-ring, electron, antiproton

271

A.I. Papash, A.V. Smirnov
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
A.I. Papash
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers and GSI under contract VH-NG-328.
In low energy storage rings, beam life time critically depends on the residual gas pressure, scattering effects caused by in-ring experiments and the available machine acceptance. A comprehensive simulation study into these effects has been realized with a focus on the TSR storage ring in Heidelberg and the electrostatic rings ELISA, the AD recycler and the ultra-low energy storage ring (USR). This was done by using the computer code BETACOOL in combination with the OPERA-3D and MAD-X programs. In this contribution, the results from these studies are presented and compared to available experimental data. Based on these simulations, criteria for stable ring operation are then presented.

MOPPC061

An Antiproton Recycler for Atom-Antiproton Collision Experiments

antiproton, injection, ion, acceleration

274

M.R.F. Siggel-King, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O. Karamyshev, A.I. Papash
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
M.R.F. Siggel-King
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the Helmholtz Association and GSI under contract VH-NG-328, the EU under contract PITN-GA-2008-215080 and STFC.
Collision experiments with low energy antiprotons and different gas jet targets on the level of differential cross sections would be very desirable to use to investigate the details of this fundamental process. At present, such experiments are, however, not feasible, since the only source of antiprotons in the world, the AD at CERN, cannot provide beams of the required energy and quality. A small electrostatic ring has been designed and developed by the QUASAR Group. Serving at the same time as a prototype for the future ultra-low energy storage ring (USR), to be integrated at the facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research (FLAIR), this small accelerator is unique due to its combination of size, electrostatic nature, and energy of the circulating particles. In this contribution, the design of the ring is described in detail and possible operation scenarios in the ASACUSA beam line and behind the ELENA ring are compared with each other.

MOPPC086

Accelerator Simulation - Beyond High Performance Computing

lattice, simulation, site, emittance

340

S. James, G.M. Jung, B.C. Li, K. Muriki, H. Nishimura, Y. Qin, K. Song, C. Sun
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Accelerator modeling and simulation studies heavily rely on High Performance Computing (HPC). Public Cloud computing has opened a new service horizon for HPC by offering an on-demand, Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Previously, we investigated using Amazon HPC public Cloud for lattice optimization applications and evaluated performance*. In this research, we use the Amazon VPC technology to extend local HPC resources to provide a seamless, hybrid, and secure environment when the demand for computing capacity spikes.
* C. Sun et al., "HPC Cloud Applied to Lattice Optimization," Proc. PAC2011, New York, WEP151, p. 1767 (2011).

MOPPC093

Optimal Fast Multipole Method Data Structures

multipole, electron, simulation, space-charge

352

S. Abeyratne, B. Erdelyi
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
S.L. Manikonda
ANL, Argonne, USA

The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) has been identified as one of the ten most significant numerical algorithms discovered in the 20th century. The FMM guarantees finding fast solutions to many problems in science, such as calculating Coulomb potentials among large number of particles by reducing memory footprint and run time while attaining very high accuracy levels. One important practical issue that we have to solve in implementing a FMM algorithm is organizing large amounts of data, also called data structuring. The non-adaptive FMM is appropriate when the particles are uniformly distributed while the adaptive FMM is most efficient when the distribution is non-uniform. In practice, we typically encounter highly non-uniform 3D particle distributions. This paper summarizes our implementation of a 3D adaptive FMM algorithm data structure setup for non-uniform particle distributions.

MOPPD009

Stochastic Cooling Developments for HESR at FAIR

ion, heavy-ion, emittance, scattering

388

H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is part of the upcoming International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt. The HESR is planned to dedicate to the field of high-energy antiproton physics to explore the research areas of charmonium spectroscopy, hadronic structure, and quark-gluon dynamics with high-quality beams over a broad momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. The new facility provides the combination of powerful phase-space cooled antiproton beams and internal Pellet and gas jet targets to achieve the requirements of the experiment PANDA in terms of beam quality and luminosity. Detailed theoretical analyses have been carried out to design the stochastic cooling system for accumulation and stochastic cooling of antiprotons with target operation. Recently it is proposed to utilize the HESR also for the atomic and nuclear physics with highly charged heavy ions such as 132Sn⁵⁰⁺ in the dedicated experiments at high energies 0.74-3 GeV/u. In this contribution the feasibility of stochastic cooling of heavy ions with internal targets is in detail investigated under the constraint of the cooling system hardware as foreseen for anti-proton cooling.

MOPPD024

C70 Arronax in the Hands-On Phase

cyclotron, proton, simulation, injection

418

F. Poirier, S. Auduc, L. Lamouric
SUBATECH, Nantes, France
S. Girault, F. Gomez, E. Mace
Cyclotron ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
C. Huet
EMN, Nantes, France

The C70 Arronax, is a high-intensity (2x375 μA) and high-energy (70 MeV) multiparticle cyclotron that started its hands-on phase in December 2010. The operating and maintenance group is accumulating experience on this machine. A review of the machine status and present possibilities in terms of beam capacities is thus presented in this paper. The status of the beamline simulations is also given.

MOPPD034

Flux-coupled Stacking of Cyclotrons for a High-power ADS Fission Driver

cyclotron, injection, cavity, focusing

439

A. Sattarov, S. Assadi, K.E. Badgley, J.N. Kellams, T.L. Mann, A.D. McInturff, P.M. McIntyre, N. Pogue
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Funding: This work is funded by grants from the State of Texas (ASE) and the Mitchell Family Foundation.
The sector magnets for an isochronous cyclotron are configured as a flux-coupled stack of apertures, each forming an independent cyclotron, separated sufficiently to accommodate independent superconducting rf cavities. The stack strategy makes it possible to deliver any amount of proton beam power consistent with the limitations of each individual cyclotron, and to deliver the aggregate power to a number of spallation targets as dictated by optimum coupling for accelerator-driven subcritical (ADS) fission and by limitations in target transfer.

MOPPD039

Status of the Design of the LBNE Neutrino Beamline

proton, extraction, status, shielding

451

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, M.R. Campbell, A.Z. Chen, S.C. Childress, C.D. Moore
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a neutrino beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, about 1300 km away. The neutrinos are produced as follows: First, protons extracted from the MI-10 section of the Main Injector (60-120 GeV) hit a solid target above grade and produce mesons. Then, the charged mesons are focused by a set of focusing horns into a 250 m long decay pipe, towards the far detector. Finally, the mesons that enter the decay pipe decay into neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account several factors including the physics goals, the modeling of the facility, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~700 kW, however some of the parameters were chosen to be able to deal with a beam power of 2.3 MW in order to enable the facility to run with an upgraded accelerator complex. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

MOPPD041

Beam Loss Protection for a 2.3 Megawatt LBNE Proton Beam

dipole, quadrupole, proton, power-supply

454

R.M. Zwaska, S.C. Childress, A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: U.S. Department of Energy.
Severe limits are required for allowable beam loss during extraction and transport of a 2.3 MW primary proton beam for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) at Fermilab. Detailed simulations with the STRUCT and MARS codes have evaluated the impact of beam loss of 1.6·10¹⁴ protons per pulse at 120 GeV, ranging from a single pulse full loss to sustained small fractional loss. It is shown that localized loss of a single beam pulse at 2.3 MW will result in a destructive event: beam pipe failure, damaged magnets and high levels of residual radiation inside the tunnel. A sustained full beam loss would be catastrophic. Acceptable beam loss limits have been determined and robust solutions developed to enable efficient proton beam operation under these constraints.

MOPPD043

Novel Muon Beam Facilities for Project X at Fermilab

proton, dipole, linac, electron

457

C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.J. Abrams, T.J. Roberts, C. Y. Yoshikawa
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Innovative muon beam concepts for intensity-frontier experiments such as muon-to-electron conversion are described. Elaborating upon a previous single-beam idea, we have developed a design concept for a system to generate four high quality, low-energy muon beams (two of each sign) from a single beam of protons. As a first step, the production of pions by 1 and 3 GeV protons from the proposed Project X linac at Fermilab is being simulated and compared with the 8-GeV results from the previous study.

MOPPD044

Optimization of the Target Subsystem for the New g-2 Experiment

proton, simulation, focusing, factory

460

C. Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, J.P. Morgan, D.V. Neuffer, S.I. Striganov
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

A precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, aμ = (g-2)/2, was previously performed at BNL with a result of 2.2 - 2.7 standard deviations above the Standard Model (SM) theoretical calculations. The same experimental apparatus is being planned to run in the new Muon Campus at Fermilab, where the muon beam is expected to have less pion contamination and the extended dataset may provide a possible 7.5σ deviation from the SM, creating a sensitive and complementary benchmark for proposed SM extensions. We report here on a preliminary study of the target subsystem where the apparatus is optimized for pions that have favorable phase space to create polarized daughter muons around the magic momentum of 3.094 GeV/c, which is needed by the downstream g 2 muon ring.

MOPPD049

The Layout of the High Energy Beam Transport for the European Spallation Source

octupole, linac, quadrupole, beam-transport

475

A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The status of the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is presented. The HEBT brings the beam from the underground linac to the target at surface level. The main design objectives of the HEBT, such as space for upgrades, producing the desired target footprint etc. are discussed and the preferred design is shown. Large amplitude particles, a halo, are formed in the last part of the linac. Hence, every given value of the peak current density at the target is correlated with a certain power deposited outside the beam footprint. This correlation is studied and optimized. Furthermore, first studies of the vertical stability of the beam footprint and profile on target due to misalignment or mismatch of the incoming beam are made.

MOPPD072

A High Energy Collimation System for the European Spallation Source

collimation, beam-losses, optics, linac

529

H.D. Thomsen, A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

At the European Spallation Source (ESS), a ~160 m high energy beam transport (HEBT) system is to guide the high-power (5 MW) proton beam from a superconducting 2.5 GeV linac to a spallation target station. The HEBT could include a single-pass collimation system to protect all downstream accelerator components, including the vital target. The system would be built to withstand both continuous low-power losses (i.e. introduce halo reduction) and infrequent short-term, high-power beam exposure, essentially a fault scenario. Although a collimation system could reduce the uncontrolled beam losses and thus activation levels elsewhere, it takes up precious longitudinal space intended for future beam power upgrades and sets demands for the beam optics, as will be discussed. Possible materials and specifications will also be described.

MOPPD084

Optimization of Extinction Efficiency in the 8-GeV Mu2e Beam Line

proton, background, dipole, alignment

565

I.L. Rakhno, A.I. Drozhdin, C. Johnstone, N.V. Mokhov, E. Prebys
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab is being designed to probe for new physics beyond the standard model at mass scales up to 10000 TeV*. The advance in experimental sensitivity is four orders of magnitude when compared to existing data on charged lepton flavor violation. The critical requirement of the experiment is the ability to deliver a proton beam contained in short 100-ns bunches onto a muon production target, with an inter-bunch separation of about 1700 ns. In order to insure the low level of background at the muon detector consistent with the required sensitivity, protons that reach the target between bunches must be suppressed by an enormous factor, 109. This paper describes the results of numerical modeling with STRUCT and MARS codes for a beam line with a collimation system**,*** and optics that achieves an experimental extinction factor of one per billion.
* R.M. Carey et al., Mu2e Proposal, Fermilab (2008).
** W. Molzon, “Proton Beam Extinction,” MECO-EXT-05-002 (2005).
*** E. Prebys, Mu2e-doc-534 (2009), http://mu2e-docdb.fnal.gov.

MOPPP009

X-Ray Spectra Reconstruction of Thomson Scattering Source From Analysis of Attenuation Data

scattering, photon, simulation, laser

586

Y.-C. Du, Hua, J.F. Hua, W.-H. Huang, C.-X. Tang, H.S. Xu, L.X. Yan, H. Zha, Z. Zhang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Thomson scattering X-ray source, in which the TW laser pulse is scattered by the relativistic electron beam, can provide ultra short, monochromatic, high flux, tunable polarized hard X-ray pulse which is can widely used in physical, chemical and biological process research, ultra-fast phase contrast imaging, and so on. Since the pulse duration of X-ray is as short as picosecond and the flux in one pulse is high, it is difficult to measure the x-ray spectrum. In this paper, we present the X-ray spectrum measurement experiment on Tsinghua Thomson scattering. The preliminary experimental results shows the maximum X-ray energy is about 47 keV, which is agree well with the simulations.

MOPPR012

Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitors for FAIR

vacuum, electron, ion, antiproton

798

F. Becker, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, P. Forck, R. Haseitl, B. Walasek-Höhne
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T. Dandl, T. Heindl, A. Ulrich
TUM/Physik, Garching bei München, Germany

Online profile diagnostic is preferred to monitor intense hadron beams at the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). One instrument for beam profile measurement is the gas based Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF)-monitor. It relies on the optical fluorescence of residual gas, excited by beam particles. Depending on the beam parameters and vacuum constraints, BIF monitors can be operated at base pressure or in dedicated local pressure bumps. Spectroscopic data in nitrogen and rare gases confirms an exploitable dynamic range from UHV to atmospheric pressure. Optical transitions and corresponding beam profiles are discussed for gas pressures from 10^-3 to 30 mbar. Fundamental limitations for some application scenarios will be addressed as well.

MOPPR019

Beam Profile Imaging Based on Backward Transition Radiation in the Extreme Ultraviolet Region

radiation, electron, FEL, diagnostics

819

L.G. Sukhikh, S. Bajt, G. Kube
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
W. Lauth
IKP, Mainz, Germany
Yu.A. Popov, A. Potylitsyn
Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Backward transition radiation (BTR) in the optical spectral region is widely used for beam profile diagnostics in modern electron linacs. However, the experience from linac based light sources shows that BTR diagnostics might fail because of coherence effects in the emission process. To overcome this problem of coherent emission it was proposed to use BTR in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region*, and measurements of the angular EUV BTR distribution were presented in Ref. **. This contribution summarizes the results of a beam profile imaging experiment using EUV BTR. The experiment was carried out using the 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. EUV BTR was generated at a molybdenum target deposited onto a silicon substrate, and imaging was realized using a spherical multilayer mirror which was optimized for a wavelength of 19 nm. Preliminary results will be presented and compared to ordinary optical BTR imaging together with a discussion of future possibilities of the proposed diagnostic method.
* L.G. Sukhikh et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A623, 567 (2010).
** L.G. Sukhikh et al., Proc. of DIPAC-2011, Hamburg (Germany), 544 (2011).

MOPPR024

Non-intercepting Emittance Measurements by means of Optical Diffraction Radiation Interference for High Brightness Electron Beam

radiation, quadrupole, electron, emittance

831

A. Cianchi
Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
V. Balandin, N. Golubeva, K. Honkavaara, G. Kube
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
L. Catani
INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy

Conventional intercepting transverse electron beam diagnostics, e.g. based on Optical Transition Radiation (OTR), cannot tolerate high power beams without remarkable mechanical damages of the diagnostics device. Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) is an excellent candidate for the measurements of the transverse phase space parameters in a non-intercepting way. One of the main limitations of this method is the low signal to noise ratio, mainly due to the unavoidable synchrotron radiation background. This problem can be overcome by using ODRI (Optical Diffraction Radiation Interference). In this case the beam goes through two slits opened on metallic foils, placed in a distance shorter than the radiation formation zone. Thanks to the shielding effect of the first screen a nearly background-free ODR interference pattern can be measured allowing the determination of the beam size and the angular divergence. Here we report the first measurements, carried out at FLASH (DESY, Germany), of the beam emittance using ODRI. Our results demonstrate the unique potential of this technique.

MOPPR044

Optics and Emittance Studies using the ATF2 Multi-OTR System

coupling, emittance, quadrupole, controls

879

J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, C. Blanch Gutierrez, A. Faus-Golfe, J.J. García-Garrigós, J. Resta-López
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
J. Cruz, D.J. McCormick, G.R. White, M. Woodley
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Funding Agency: FPA2010-21456-C02-01. Work supported in part by Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
A multi-OTR system (4 beam ellipse diagnostic devices based on optical transition radiation) was installed in the extraction line of ATF2 and has been fully operational since September 2011. The OTRs have been upgraded with a motorized zoom-control lens system to improve beam finding and accommodate different beam sizes. The system is being used routinely for beam size and emittance measurements as well as coupling correction. In this paper we present measurements performed during the winter run of 2011 and the early 2012 runs. We show the reconstruction of twiss parameters and emittance, discuss the reliability of the OTR system and show comparisons with simulations. We also present new work to calculate all 4 coupling terms and form the “4-D” intrinsic emittance of the beam utilizing all the information available from the 2-D beam profile images. We also show details and experimental results for performing a 1-shot automated coupling correction.

MOPPR045

Beam Diagnostics for ESS

linac, diagnostics, DTL, instrumentation

882

A. Jansson, C. Böhme, B. Cheymol, H. Hassanzadegan, T.J. Shea, L. Tchelidze
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS), to be built in the south of Sweden, will use a 2.5 GeV superconducting linac to produce the worlds most powerful neutron source. The project is currently in a pre-construction phase, during which the linac design is being updated. This paper describes the current plans for beam diagnostics in terms of requirements, number and locations of different systems, and possible technical solutions.

MOPPR047

Study of the Response of Low Pressure Ionisation Chambers

proton, electron, monitoring, synchrotron

888

E. Nebot Del Busto, B. Dehning, E. Effinger, V. Grishin, J.F. Herranz Alvarez
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is based on parallel plate Ionization Chambers (IC) with active volume ~1.5l and a nitrogen filling gas at 0.1 bar overpressure. At the largest loss locations, the ICs generate signals large enough to saturate the read-out electronics. A reduction of the active volume and filling pressure in the ICs would decrease the amount of charge collected in the electrodes, and so provide a higher saturation limit using the same electroncis. This makes Little Ionization Chambers (LIC) filled with both reduced pressure and active volume a good candidate for these high radiation areas. In this contribution we present measurements performed with several LIC monitors with reduced active volume and various filling pressures. These detectors were tested under various conditions with different beam setups, with standard LHC ICs used for calibration purposes.

MOPPR080

Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements: LANSCE Facility Beam Development

electron, controls, feedback, linac

975

J.D. Gilpatrick, Y.K. Batygin, F. Gonzales, M.E. Gruchalla, V.G. Kutac, D. Martinez, C. Pillai, S. Rodriguez Esparza, J.D. Sedillo, B.G. Smith
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing Wire Scanner (WS) beam profile measurement systems. Three beam development tests have taken place to test the new wire scanners under beam conditions. These beam development tests have integrated the WS actuator, cable plant, electronics processors and associated software and have used H⁻ beams of different beam energy and current conditions. In addition, the WS measurement-system beam tests verified actuator control systems for minimum profile bin repeatability and speed, checked for actuator backlash and positional stability, tested the replacement of simple broadband potentiometers with narrow band resolvers, and tested resolver use with National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) Virtual Instrumentation. These beam tests also have verified how trans-impedance amplifiers react with various types of beam line background noise and how the cable plants can be simplified without generating unwanted noise currents. This paper will describe these beam development tests and show some resulting data.

TUOAA02

Focusing Charged Particle Beams Using Multipole Magnets in a Beam Transport Line

sextupole, multipole, octupole, focusing

1062

Y. Yuri, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, S. Okumura, T. Yuyama
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

The intensity distribution of a charged-particle beam is transformed by applying the nonlinear focusing force of a multipole magnet. In this paper, the transformation of the transverse intensity distribution due to the second-order sextupole and third-order octupole focusing force in the beam transport line is explored. As a measure of the distribution transformation induced by the multipole magnets, the beam centroid displacement and the change of the beam size have been analytically derived using the distribution function of the beam. It is numerically verified how the transverse distribution of the beam is transformed by the multipole magnets. As an application of the distribution transformation by nonlinear focusing, a uniform beam can be formed from a Gaussian beam using multipole magnets. The current status and future plan of the experiment on the uniform-beam formation at the cyclotron facility in Japan Atomic Energy Agency will be shown.

Slides TUOAA02 [2.032 MB]

TUOBC01

Experimental Verification of the CLIC Two-beam Scheme, Status and Outlook

linac, acceleration, emittance, gun

1101

R. Corsini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The feasibility of the CLIC novel scheme of two-beam acceleration was extensively tested in the CTF3 facility over the last few years. In particular, efficient full beam loading acceleration, isochronous ring operation, beam recombination by transverse RF deflectors have been fully proven. 12 GHz RF power production by high-current drive beam is now part of CTF3 routine operation, and two-beam acceleration up to 150 MV/m has been achieved. Drive beam deceleration tests were carried out as well. In this paper we summarize the main results obtained, including the more recent ones. We also outline and discuss the future experimental program, both in CTF3 and in other beam facilities, as well as the path to a possible facility needed in the initial stage of the CLIC project, CLIC0.

Slides TUOBC01 [9.921 MB]

TUPPC017

Orbit and Optics Correction to Realize Designed Machine Performance

optics, emittance, lattice, closed-orbit

1194

Y. Seimiya, S. Kamada, A. Morita, K. Ohmi, K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

It is difficult for actual accelerators to achieve the designed machine performance without appropriate correction or adjustment of magnet errors. By correction as magnets are aligned to design orbit, we aim to be realized the designed machine performance. However, it is not easy to estimate the design orbit in real accelerators. In KEKB and PF, beam position monitor(BPM) can be calibrated to the center of quadrupole magnet(QM). BPM and QM misalignments (except rotation misalignment) referring to design orbit can be estimated using assumption that these misalignments are coincident. This is, design orbit at BPM and QM can be derived.

TUPPC020

A Scheme for Horizontal-vertical Coupling Correction at SuperKEKB

coupling, simulation, optics, lattice

1203

H. Sugimoto, H. Koiso, A. Morita, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB is an 7 GeV electron and 4 GeV positron double ring collider project based on the nano beam scheme and is aimed to break the world's luminosity record. A horizontal flat beam is essential to realize the nano beam collisions. One of critical effect that induces unexpected coupling is machine error, such as magnet misalignment and field imperfection. Coupling correction, therefore, plays key role in the actual beam operation. In this study, we numerically explore a possible scheme for coupling correction in the SuperKEKB lattice. Some coupling measurement and correction methods are applied to the model lattice considering magnet misalignments and finite BPM resolution. Based on the results, the attainable smallest coupling in the actual SuperKEKB is discussed.

TUPPC033

Random Walk Optimization in Accelerators: Vertical Emittance Tuning at SLS

emittance, quadrupole, luminosity, controls

1230

M. Aiba, M. Böge, N. Milas, A. Streun
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

The operation of a high performance accelerator is realized only when several beam based corrections are implemented. These corrections are, however, limited by measurement errors as the correction approaches the ideal value. To overcome this limitation, we investigate the application of a random walk (RW) optimization specifically to minimize the vertical emittance at the SLS. A systematic minimization is performed by measuring linear coupling and spurious vertical dispersion and correcting them using 36 skew quadrupole correctors. On the other hand, the minimization can be performed by simply applying a multi-variable optimization from the mathematics point of view, where the best combination of skew corrections is to be found. The measured vertical beam size is available as a stable target function of the minimization even at very low vertical emittance. Although RW and other algorithms are implemented into various accelerator computer codes, it is interesting to apply this concept to the real machine, where measurement errors are unavoidable and may prohibit systematic minimization based on a machine model. Possible applications of the technique in general are also discussed.

TUPPD001

The Mice Muon Beamline and Host Accelerator Beam Bump

proton, controls, extraction, injection

1404

A.J. Dobbs, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
D.J. Adams
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
E. Overton, P.J. Smith
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council
The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is designed provide a proof of principle of the technique of ionization cooling, that is the reduction of the phase space of a muon beam via ionization energy loss in absorbers. Subsequent reacceleration is then provided by RF cavities (‘‘sustainable cooling''). Ionization cooling represents an important step toward future facilities based on stored muons beams, such as a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The MICE Muon Beam begins with the decay of pions produced by a cylindrical titanium target dipped into the circulating proton beam of the 800 MeV ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. This generates a pion shower which is captured and subsequently decays producing the muon beam. A secondary effect of the MICE target is to cause an increase in the number of protons lost from the ISIS beam. It is important that this effect be minimized. An overview is presented here of the MICE Muon Beam, including the results of a study in to the effect of raising the vertical position of the ISIS beam (a ‘‘beam bump'') in the vicinity of the MICE target.

TUPPD004

Costing Methodology and Status of the Neutrino Factory

cryogenics, linac, solenoid, factory

1410

A. Kurup
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
N. Bliss, N.A. Collomb, A.F. Grant
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory will produce a reference design report in 2013 that will contain a detailed performance analysis of the Neutrino Factory and a cost estimate. In order to determine the cost a number of engineering features need to be included in the accelerator physics design, which can require the physics design to be re-optimized. The cost estimate is determined in such a way as to make efficient use of the engineering resources available and to simplify the process of modifying the physics design to include engineering features. This paper will present details of the methodology used to determine the cost estimate and the current status of each subsystem.

TUPPD005

Design Concept for Nu-STORM: an Initial “Very Low-Energy Neutrino Factory”

injection, storage-ring, proton, factory

1413

D.V. Neuffer, A.D. Bross, S. Geer, A. Liu, M. Popovic
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Funding: US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359
We present a design concept for a Nu-source from a STORage ring for Muons - NuSTORM. In this initial design a high-intensity proton beam produces ~5 GeV pions that provide muons that are captured using “stochastic injection” within a ~3.6 GeV racetrack storage ring. In “stochastic injection”, the ~53 GeV pion beam is transported from the target into the storage ring, dispersion-matched into a long straight section. (Circulating and injection orbits are separated by momentum.) Decays within that straight section provide muons that are within the ~2 GeV/c ring momentum acceptance and are stored for the muon lifetime of ~1000 turns. Muon (and pion) decays in the long straight sections provide neutrino beams that can be used for precision measurements of neutrino interactions, and neutrino oscillations or disappearance at L/E=~1 m/MeV. The facility is described and variations are discussed.

TUPPD006

IDR Neutrino Factory Front End and Variations

proton, cavity, factory, solenoid

1416

D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
A. Alekou
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
C.T. Rogers
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
C. Y. Yoshikawa
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

The (International Design Report) IDR neutrino factory scenario for capture, bunching, phase-energy rotation and initial cooling of muons produced from a proton source target is presented. It requires a drift section from the target, a bunching section and a phase-energy rotation section leading into the cooling channel. The rf frequency changes along the bunching and rotation transport in order to form the muons into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. This design is being explored within the IDR cost model. Important concerns are rf limitations and beam losses. Recent experiments on rf gradient limits suggest preferred configurations for the rf within the magnetic fields, and these considerations are incorporated into the front end design.

TUPPD021

Orbit Correction in the EMMA Non-scaling FFAG – Simulation and Experimental Results

closed-orbit, quadrupole, betatron, pick-up

1455

D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, S.L. Sheehy
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J.K. Jones, B.D. Muratori
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Keil
Honorary CERN Staff Member, Berlin, Germany
I.W. Kirkman
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

The non-scaling FFAG EMMA (Electron Model for Many Applications) is currently in operation at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. Since the lattice is made up solely of linear elements, the betatron tune varies strongly over the momentum range according to the natural chromaticity. Orbit correction is complicated by the resulting variation in response to corrector magnet settings. We consider a method to optimise correction over a range of fixed momenta and discuss experimental results. Measurements of the closed orbit and response matrix are included.

TUPPD024

HIGH-INTENSITY LOW-ENERGY POSITRON SOURCE AT JEFFERSON LABORATORY

positron, simulation, solenoid, radiation

1461

S. Golge, B. Vlahovic
NCCU, Durham, USA
B. Wojtsekhowski
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA

We present a novel concept of a low-energy e⁺ source with projected intensity on the order of 10¹⁰ slow e+/s. The key components of this concept are a continuous wave e^- beam, a rotating positron-production target, a synchronized raster/anti-raster, a transport channel, and extraction of e⁺ into a field-free area through a magnetic plug for moderation in a cryogenic solid. Components were designed in the framework of GEANT4-based (G4beamline) Monte Carlo simulation and TOSCA magnetic field calculation codes. Experimental data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the magnetic plug is presented.

TUPPD025

REVIEWOF LOW-ENERGY POSITRON BEAM FACILITIES

positron, linac, neutron, radiation

1464

S. Golge, B. Vlahovic
NCCU, Durham, USA

Positrons are produced by processes such as positive beta decay from radioactive isotopes, in nuclear reactor cores from both in-situ radioisotope radiation and pair production, and by accelerator driven beams hitting a converter target. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the prominent existing low-energy e⁺ facilities.

TUPPD031

Novel Techniques for Isotope Harvesting at FRIB

simulation, optics, ion, resonance

1470

M.A.C. Cummings
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
L.L. Bandura
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Exotic isotopes have applications in medicine, industry, and national security. Historically, the U.S. has relied on foreign sources for these isotopes. FRIB will be a domestic source of these isotopes. While FRIB is mainly focused on producing exotic isotopes for basic nuclear physics experiments, it also offers an opportunity to harvest unused isotopes for other applications. It is critical that isotope harvesting take place in a synergistic manner that does not adversely affect experiments that will be simultaneously taking place at the facility. Beam optics schemes will be calculated to determine the best locations and methods of separation. These calculations will use COSY Monte Carlo and G4beamline in conjunction with other state of the art ion optical codes that simulate isotope dynamics in magnetic fields and in matter. The results of these simulations will be used to determine the best beam-target combinations to produce the isotopes that are most in-demand and calculate purities of these isotopes in multiple locations in the fragment separators. Trapping and extraction schemes will also be described to maximally recover pure isotope samples.

TUPPD032

Design Optimization of Flux Concentrator for SuperKEKB

positron, solenoid, simulation, electron

1473

L. Zang, S. Fukuda, T. Kamitani, Y. Ogawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

For high luminosity electron-positron colliders, intense positron beam production is one of the key issues as well as electron. Flux Concentrator (FC) is a pulsed solenoid that can generate high magnetic field of several Tesla and is often used for focusing positrons emerged from a production target. It works as an optical matching device in a positron capture section. With this device, high capture efficiency is achieved. In this paper, we will discuss a design optimization of a FC for the SuperKEKB positron source. Geometrical parameters of the FC are optimized to achieve high peak field using the CST EM Studio. Magnetic field distribution evaluated with the EM Studio is implemented into a particle tracking code to see a performance of the positron capture section. The tracking simulation includes a positron production at the target, focusing by the FC and subsequent solenoids and acceleration by RF structures till the end of the capture section. We report the results of a FC design optimized for higher positron yield with the tracking simulation.

TUPPD033

Conceptual Design of a Positron-annihilation System for Generation of Quasi-monochromatic Gamma Rays

positron, photon, dipole, electron

1476

R.J. Abrams, C.M. Ankenbrandt, K.B. Beard, G. Flanagan, R.P. Johnson, C. Y. Yoshikawa
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
A. Afanasev
GWU, Washington, USA

A conceptual design is presented for a system consisting of the following: an electron accelerator and production target to produce positrons, a dipole magnet and wedge to compress the positron momenta to be nearly monochromatic, a magnetic transport system to focus and direct the positrons to a converter, and a converter in which the positrons annihilate in flight to produce quasi-monochromatic gamma rays. The system represented is designed to produce ~10 MeV gammas, but it can also be designed for other energies.

TUPPD036

Novel Designs for Undulator Based Positron Sources

positron, undulator, photon, damping

1485

M. Jenkins
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey, M. Jenkins
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

At least three proposed future colliders(ILC, CLiC and LHeC) require a positron source with a yield greater than 10¹⁴ e+/s. An undulator based positron source has the potential to provide the required yield. This design generates gamma rays by using a high energy electron beam traveling through a superconducting helical undulator. The gamma rays then pair produce in a titanium alloy target to produce positrons. This is the ILC baseline positron source. Two drawbacks to the undulator-based positron source are that it couples the positron source to the electron beam operation and that it exhibits a low conversion efficiency of photons to positrons. A self-seeding undulator-based positron source has been proposed. This starts with a low intensity positron beam which travels through the undulator to produce more positrons which are recirculated through the source to increase the intensity until the design yield is achieved. Multiple targets have been added to increase the conversion efficiency of the positron source. In this study I present simulation results for such a design and consider the feasibility of this design at the ILC, CLiC or LHeC.

TUPPD043

Resonant Reaction with a Superintense Circulating Beam

proton, electron, resonance, storage-ring

1497

V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

A system for efficient generation of resonance reaction in the interaction of the circulating ion beam with a thin internal target is considered. Features of this system are high intense space charge compensated circulating ion beam with an intensity greater then a space charge limit in a near integrable nonlinear focusing system. Ionization energy loss is compensated by inductive electric field. Multiple scattering and energy straggling are compensated by electron cooling with a tabular electron beam. In this method it is possible to compensate an energy loss of circulating particles after crossing the target and have a crossing of resonant energy in every passing of target. For sharp resonance reactions and monoenergetic beams a thin target method can increase greatly the energy efficiency.

TUPPD044

Conceptual Gas Jet as a Stripping Target for Charge Exchange Injection

injection, ion, laser, proton

1500

V.G. Dudnikov, C.M. Ankenbrandt
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA

Stripping targets for charge exchange injection now uses thin carbon or Al2O3 foils. During long time injection for high intense beam accumulation by low current injection a foil life time can be compromised by overheating and alternative stripping targets need be developed. A pulsed supersonic gas jet was used as a stripping target in first realization of charge exchange injection with H⁻ ion energy 1.5 MeV and stationary gas jets are used as internal targets in experiments with super high vacuum. A stripper target thickness is proportional to the injection energy and for energy 1GeV should be ~0.3 mg/cm² of carbon. The pulsed gas target with such thickness acceptable for long time charge exchange injection can be produced with using of heavy hydrocarbon molecules used in the diffusion or booster vacuum pumps. Formation of the pulsed gas jet stripping targets will be considered.

TUPPP032

Use of Multi-objective Methods for Choosing Undulators for Storage Rings

brightness, photon, undulator, storage-ring

1680

M. Borland
ANL, Argonne, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Users of storage ring light sources generally rely on undulators to provide the highest brightness. Choice of the optimal undulator period is complicated by the fact that users do not operate at a single photon energy or place equal weight on operation at all photon energies of interest. In addition, some users may be best served by a double- or triple-period revolver device. In this paper, we present a method of narrowing the choice of undulator periods based on multi-objective techniques. Applications are shown in the context of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade.

TUPPR051

Development of L-Band Positron Capture Accelerating Structure with Kanthal-coated Collinear Load for SuperKEKB

solenoid, cavity, damping, positron

1933

F. Miyahara, Y. Arakida, T. Higo, N. Iida, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, S. Matsumoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
L. Lilje
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In order to achieve a luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1, the SuperKEKB injector is required to provide both e⁺e⁻ beams higher in intensity by a factor 4-5 than those for KEKB, and with a low emittance of about 20 um. A damping ring is used to fulfill this low emittance requirement for e⁺, but the intensity increase is realized by a larger yield from the conversion target to the damping ring. To this end, the L-band capture system is adopted to increase the transverse and longitudinal acceptance. The capture section consists of a Tungsten conversion target with flux concentrator followed by two L-band 2.4m-long accelerating structures and continuing to the large aperture S-band 2m-long ones. The L-band frequency of 1.3 GHz, 5/11 times S-band one, was adopted to suppress the satellite bunches in the S-band system. This L-band system is surrounded by a solenoid magnet producing 4kG on axis. To compose compact magnet system, the output coupler of the L-band accelerating structure is replaced by the Kanthal coated collinear load section. In this paper, we will discuss the design of the accelerating structure and present the studies of Kanthal layer coated on copper.

WEXA03

Accelerator Physics and Technology for ESS

linac, klystron, DTL, cryomodule

2073

H. Danared
ESS, Lund, Sweden

A conceptual design of the 2.5 GeV proton linac of the European Spallation Source, ESS, was presented in a Conceptual Design Report in early 2012. Work is now progressing towards a Technical Design Report at the end of 2012. Changes to the linac configuration during the last year include a somewhat longer DTL and a change to fully segmented cryomodules. This paper reviews the current design status of the accelerator and its subsystems.

Slides WEXA03 [15.485 MB]

WEYA01

CLIC Status and Outlook

linac, luminosity, emittance, alignment

2076

S. Stapnes
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Compact Linear Collider study (CLIC) is in the process of completing a Conceptual Design Report for a multi-TeV linear electron-positron collider. The CLIC-concept is based on high gradient normal-conducting accelerating structures. The RF power for the acceleration of the colliding beams is produced by a novel two beam acceleration scheme, where power is extracted from a high current drive beam that runs parallel with the main linac. In order to establish the feasibility of this concept a number of key issues have been addressed. A short summary of the progress and status of the corresponding studies will be given, as well as an outline of the preparation and work towards an implementation plan by 2016.

Slides WEYA01 [11.960 MB]

WEXB02

Diagnostics for High Power Targets and Dumps

diagnostics, proton, radiation, vacuum

2096

E. Gschwendtner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

High power targets and dumps are generally used for neutrino, antiproton, neutron and secondary beam production, or in waste management using intense beams. In order to guarantee an optimized and safe use of these targets and dumps, reliable instrumentation is needed; the diagnostics in high power beams around targets and dumps is reviewed. The suite of beam diagnostic devices used in such extreme environments is discussed, including their role in commissioning and operation. The handling and maintenance of the instrumentation components in high radiation areas will be addressed.

Slides WEXB02 [13.010 MB]

WEXB03

Protecting Accelerator Control Systems in the Face of Sophisticated Cyber Attacks

controls, monitoring, collider, neutron

2101

S.M. Hartman
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725
Recent events at ORNL and the knowledge of the use of the STUXNET virus in another country illustrate the vulnerability of advanced control systems to increasingly intelligent cyber attacks. The threat is clearly evolving and escalating, and techniques for mitigation are clearly of interest to the broader accelerator community. Risks associated with remote access must be balanced against operational efficiency and operating models. This talk should review the ongoing evolution of system architecture and security that permit effective facility operation while protecting against such harmful intrusions.

Slides WEXB03 [6.747 MB]

WEOAA01

Injected Beam Imaging at SPEAR 3 with a Digital Optic Mask

injection, synchrotron, storage-ring, quadrupole

2116

H.D. Zhang, R.B. Fiorito, A.G. Shkvarunets
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
W.J. Corbett, A.S. Fisher, K. Tian
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: *This work is partially funded by the Office of Naval Research and the DOD Joint Technology Office.
At SPEAR3, the light source operates in top-up injection mode with 273nC charge circulating in the storage ring (350mA). Each individual injection pulse contains only 40pC, or a contrast ration of 1:6800. In order to monitor injected beam dynamics during User operations, it is desirable to optically image the injected charge distribution on a turn-by-turn basis in the presence of the bright stored beam. The measurement is made by re-imaging visible synchrotron radiation onto a 1024x768 pixel Digital-Micro-Array mirror device (DMD) which is used to 'mask' light from the central stored beam while observing the weak injected beam signal on an intensified, fast-gated CCD camera. Complex beam dynamics are observed after only a few 10's of turns around the synchrotron. In this paper we report on the DMD optical configuration, masking considerations, measurement timing and initial tests imaging the injected beam in the presence of stored beam.

Slides WEOAA01 [1.874 MB]

WEIC02

Future Medical Accelerator

neutron, proton, radiation, controls

2152

K. Yasuoka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan

In the future radiation/particle therapy, the 3D-methods would be expanded into 4D- and 5D-methods to achieve precise biological dose focused on tumor cells and to spare normal cells as much as possible. No further technologies would be required to develop the next accelerator for radiation/particle therapy except for accelerator- and hospital- based BNCT. The BNCT needs a “medical neutron accelerator” to produce high intensity epithermal neutrons.

Slides WEIC02 [3.054 MB]

WEEPPB008

HOM Coupler Optimisation for the Superconducting RF Cavities in ESS

HOM, cavity, neutron, damping

2182

R. Ainsworth
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Calaga
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Molloy
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s most powerful next generation neutron source. It consists of a linear accelerator, target, and instruments for neutron experiments. The linac is designed to accelerate protons to a final energy of 2.5 GeV , with an average design beam power of 5 MW, for collision with a target used to produce a high neutron flux. A section of the linac will contain Superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities designed to resonate at 704 MHz. Dangerous beam induced modes in these cavities may make the beam unstable and increase the cryogenic load and so couplers are usually installed to provide damping. Previous studies have shown potential designs are susceptible to multipacting, a resonant process which can absorb RF power and lead to heating effects. This paper will show how a coupler suffering from multipacting has been redesigned to limit this effect. Optimisation of the RF damping is also discussed.

WEPPC101

Characteristics and Fabrication of a 499 MHz Superconducting Deflecting Cavity for the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade

cavity, vacuum, electron, niobium

2450

H. Park, S.U. De Silva
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
J.R. Delayen
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

A 499 MHz parallel bar superconducting deflecting cavity has been designed and optimized for a possible implementation at the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade. This paper will present the analysis of the mechanical characteristics of the cavity (pressure sensitivity and tunability) and will detail the fabrication process. The unique geometry of the cavity–which is currently being fabricated at Jefferson Lab–and its required mechanical strength present interesting manufacturing challenges.

WEPPD030

Concept for the Antiproton Production Target at FAIR

antiproton, proton, synchrotron, radiation

2570

K. Knie, B. Franzke, V. Gostishchev, M. Steck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Sievers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We will report on the status of the antiproton production target for the FAIR facility. A Ni target will be bombarded by a pulsed beam of 29 GeV protons with an intensity of 2.5·10¹³ ppp and a repetition rate of 0.2 Hz. Directly after the target the antiprotons will be focussed by a magnetic horn. In the proceeding magnetic separator antiprotons with an energy of 3 GeV (± 3%) will be selected and transported to the antiproton collector ring. The planned setup of the target area, including radiation protection issues, will be presented,

WEPPD031

A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings

electron, ion, interaction-region, simulation

2573

S. Geyer, O. Meusel
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: supported by HIC for FAIR
A transverse electron target is a well suited concept for storage rings to investigate electron-ion interactions processes relevant for heavy ion accelerators. In comparison with an internal gas target, it promises a better energy resolution but still has the advantage, in contrast to an electron cooler, of access to the interaction region for photon and electron spectroscopy under large solid angles. The new electron target is suited for the use under the UHV requirements of a storage ring and realizes an open geometry for spectroscopy. A simple design based on electrostatic fields was chosen. The sheet beam application provides a higher perveance limit and a smaller potential depression than a cylindrical gun arrangement. The adjustable electron energy ranges between several 10eV and a few keV. The setup will be installed applying the so-called animated beam technique. The electron target is dedicated to the NESR at the new FAIR facility. First measurements are planned at a test bench and subsequent tests at the Frankfurt Low Energy Storage Ring (FLSR) are envisaged. An overview of the progress in the development of the transverse electron target will be given.

WEPPD032

Heat Load Studies in Target and Collimator Materials for the ILC Positron Source

photon, positron, polarization, undulator

2576

F. Staufenbiel, S. Riemann
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

An intense polarized positron beam for future linear colliders can be produced using a high power beam of circularly polarized photons which penetrates a thin titanium-alloy target. The degree of polarization can be increased by cutting the outer part of the photon beam generated in a helical undulator using a collimator in front of the target. However, the photon beam induces substantial heat load and stress inside the target and collimator materials. In order to avoid failure of these components the stress evolution has been simulated. The results as well as the corresponding material arrangements for the photon collimator design are presented.

WEPPD033

Design of 100 MeV Proton Beam Irradiation Facility for the PEFP 100 MeV Linac

proton, radiation, linac, octupole

2579

S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) will install a 100-MeV proton linear accelerator at Gyeong-ju site. Two target rooms ( TR 103, TR 23) will be prepared in the beam commissioning stage for 20-MeV and 100-MeV proton beams, respectively. To design the irradiation equipment in TR 103, we have investigated general propagation shape and spatial distribution of proton beam by using Monte carlo method, when 100 MeV proton beam extracted from vacuum in the beam lines through beam window. On the basis of this result, we have designed beam irradiation components and their configuration. The beam irradiation facility consists of beam dump, support frame, sample support and beam current monitor. To minimize residual radioactivity induced by incident proton beam, the graphite was selected as the material of beam dump and the aluminum alloy was selected as material of other irradiation equipment. These residual radioactivity of equipment were estimated by Monte carlo method. In this paper, the details of this irradiation equipment design are presented.

WEPPD036

Energy Flow and Deposition in a 4-MW Muon Collider Target System

shielding, collider, radiation, factory

2588

N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
The design of the target station for a 4-MW Muon Collider or a Neutrino Factory is evolving to include more space for services to the magnets and internal tungsten shielding, as well as consideration of removing the 5-T resistive copper coils, thereby reducing the peak field from 20 to 15 T. Simulations with MARS15 have been performed to verify that these revisions preserve sufficient shielding that the peak power deposition everywhere in the superconducting magnets will be less than 0.1 mW/g, permitting at least a 10-year operational lifetime against radiation damage to the organic insulators.

WEPPD037

Shielding of Superconducting Coils for a 4-MW Muon-Collider Target System

shielding, collider, interaction-region, factory

2591

R.J. Weggel, N. Souchlas
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Funding: Work support by the U.S. Department of Energy in part under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886
The target system envisioned for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory features a liquid Hg jet target immersed in a 20-T solenoidal field. Field quality limits intercoil gaps to ~ 40% of the O.D. of the flanking coils. Longitudinal sag of the tungsten shielding vessels limits their length to ~ 7 m. Support members adequate to resist intercryostat axial forces require an aggregate cross section of ~ 0.1 m²; the cryogenic heat leakage may be large. The innermost shielding vessel wall can be adequately cooled by helium gas only if its pressure is ~ 10 atm and its velocity is ~ 200m/s. However, the analysis in this paper found none of these engineering challenges to be insurmountable.

WEPPD038

Mercury Handling for the Target System for a Muon Collider

shielding, proton, collider, factory

2594

V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO.~DE-AC02-98CHI10886 and DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free-stream mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Design issues discussed in this paper include the nozzle, splash mitigation in the mercury pool, the mercury containment vessel, and the mercury recirculation system.

WEPPD041

The Strategy between High Precision Temperature Control and Energy Saving for Air-Conditioning System

controls, monitoring, photon, feedback

2603

Z.-D. Tsai, W.S. Chan, J.-C. Chang, C.S. Chen, Y.-C. Chung, C.W. Hsu, C.Y. Liu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In the Taiwan Light Source (TLS), several studies related to the temperature stability for air conditioning system continued to be in progress. Using new control philosophy can minimize temperature variations effectively. A high precision temperature control within ±0.05°C for air condition system has been conducted to meet the more critical stability requirement. Due to the importance of energy saving issue, the power consumption of air conditioning system was also upgraded and intended to reduce extensively. The paper addresses some experience between high precision temperature control and energy saving about operation of air conditioning system. The significant improvements proven that both targets can achieve simultaneously.

WEPPD044

Machine Protection System for the SPIRAL2 Facility

controls, beam-losses, diagnostics, ion

2612

M.H. Moscatello, C. Berthe, C. Jamet, G. Normand
GANIL, Caen, France

The phase 1 of the SPIRAL2 facility, extension project of the GANIL laboratory, is under construction. The accelerator is based on a linear solution, mainly composed of a normal conducting RFQ and a superconducting linac. One of its specificities is to be designed to accelerate high power deuteron and heavy ion beams (40-200kW), and medium intensity heavy ion beams as well (a few kW). The associated Machine Protection System, has thus to be able to control and protect the accelerator for a very large range in terms of beam intensities and beam powers. This paper presents the technical solutions chosen for this system and the present status of its construction.

WEPPD073

Strategy and Validation of Fiducialization for the Pre-alignment of CLIC Components

alignment, laser, controls, linac

2693

S. griffet, A. Cherif, J. Kemppinen, H. Mainaud Durand, V. Rude, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The feasibility of the high energy e⁺ e⁻ linear collider CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) is very dependent on the ability to accurately pre-align its components. There are two 20-km-long Main Linacs which meet in an interaction point (IP). The Main Linacs are composed of thousands of 2 m long modules. One of the challenges is to meet very tight alignment tolerances at the level of CLIC module: for example, the center of a Drive Beam Quad needs to be aligned within 20 μm rms with respect to a straight line. Such accuracies cannot be achieved using usual measurement devices. Thus it is necessary to work in close collaboration with the metrology lab. To test and improve many critical points, including alignment, a CLIC mock-up is being assembled at CERN. This paper describes the application of the strategy of fiducialization for the pre-alignment of CLIC mock-up components. It also deals with the first results obtained by performing measurements using a CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) to ensure the fiducialization, using a Laser Tracker to adjust or check components’ positions on a girder and finally using a Measuring Arm to perform dimensional control after assembling steps.

WEPPP015

Generation and Characterization of 5-micron Electron Beam for Probing Optical Scale Structures

electron, diagnostics, quadrupole, permanent-magnet

2753

M.G. Fedurin, M. Babzien, V. Yakimenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
B.A. Allen
USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany
A.Y. Murokh
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, USA

In recent years advanced acceleration technologies have progress toward combination of electron beam, laser and optical scale dielectric structures. In present paper described generation of the electron beam probe with parameters satisfied to perform test of such optical structures.

WEPPP029

Quasi-Monoenergetic Ion Bunch Generating by Two-Stage Laser Acceleration

ion, laser, acceleration, light-ion

2787

G. Dudnikova
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
D. Gorpinchenko
ICM&MG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Experiments carried out in recent years on the laser-plasma interaction show the possibility of ions acceleration to high energy. The energy spectrum of these ions is typically broad. Practical applications require that the beams of accelerated ions be monoenergetic. A scheme is proposed for producing a quasi-monoenergetic ion bunch by irradiating a foil with two subsequent laser pulses–a prepulse followed by a stronger main pulse. We have demonstrated a possible mechanism for generating a quasi-monoenergetic ion bunch from a homogeneous target consisting of atoms of the same species by the two-stage acceleration. Results are presented from 2D and 3D PIC simulation that illustrate the scheme and determine the space–time and energy characteristics of the accelerated ions. Investigation was made by varying such control parameters as the duration and amplitude of the main laser pulse and the prepulse, the time lag between the pulses, and the thickness and density of the foil.

WEPPP033

Design of a Wakefield Experiment in a Traveling-wave Photonic Band Gap Accelerating Structure

wakefield, electron, higher-order-mode, HOM

2798

E.I. Simakov, R.L. Edwards
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Early Career Research Program.
We designed an experiment to conduct a thorough investigation of higher order mode spectrum in a room-temperature traveling-wave photonic band gap (PBG) accelerating structure at 11.7 GHz. It has been long recognized that PBG structures have great potential in reducing long-range wakefields in accelerators. The first ever demonstration of acceleration in room-temperature PBG structures was conducted at MIT in 2005. Since then, the importance of that device has been recognized by many research institutions. However, the full experimental characterization of the wakefield spectrum in a beam test has not been performed to date. The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) test facility at the Argonne National Laboratory represents a perfect site where this evaluation could be conducted with a single high charge electron bunch and with a train of bunches. We present the design of the accelerating structure that will be tested at AWA in the near future. The structure will consist of sixteen 2pi/3 PBG cells, including two coupler cells. We will also present the results of the initial cold-testing of the few sample cells and a plan for the beam test.

WEPPP057

Orbit Correction Studies using Neural Networks

controls, storage-ring, simulation, synchrotron

2837

E. Meier, G. LeBlanc, Y.E. Tan
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

This paper reports the use of Neural Networks for orbit correction at the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring. The proposed system uses two Neural Networks in an actor-critic scheme to model a long term cost function and compute appropriate corrections. The system is entirely based on the history of the beam position and the actuators, the corrector magnets, in the storage ring. This makes the system auto-tuneable, which has the advantage of avoiding the use of a response matrix. As a generic and robust orbit correction program it can be used during commissioning and in slow orbit feedback. In this study, we present positive initial results of the simulations of the storage ring in Matlab. We will also discuss the possibility of reconstructing the response matrix from the information stored in the neural network for offline orbit response matrix analysis.

WEPPP081

Fast Beam Tuning for Accelerator Driven Systems

controls, linac, laser, proton

2897

S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli
Ohio State University, USA
A. Mukherjee
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

The biggest challenge for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) is the stringent availability requirement of >99% compared to ~80% achieved by a typical accelerators. In addition to overall availability, due to thermal stress problems, ADS is also sensitive to the length of each downtime. A significant source of downtime is re-adjustment – “tuning” – of the system to account for drift in component behavior, or substitution of a backup device for one that failed. Tuning at present is done “by hand,” i.e. with human observation, interpretation, and decision, a process which takes hours; whereas ADS requires recovery in minutes. In this research, we apply intelligent controls in a (simulated) proton linac to automate fine-tuning. Beam monitor data is fed into a controller which adjusts magnet currents and RF power to minimize beam loss. We consider fluctuations in ion source characteristics; drift in magnet behavior (mechanical motion, or change in calibration); and failure of an accelerating cavity.

WEPPP086

Positioning the 100MeV Linac and Magnets with Two Laser Trackers

linac, proton, alignment, klystron

2912

B.-S. Park, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, D.I. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, J.Y. Ryu, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S.P. Yun
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: * This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean Government.
Proton Engineering Frontier Project(PEFP) is developing a 100MeV high-duty-factor proton linac and 10 beam lines. The total length of PEFP linac is about 80m and each beam line is about 30m in length. The reference points were set up on the wall of the tunnel in the lst floor, the klystron gallery in the 2nd floor and the modulator gallery in the 3rd floor to built a survey network. Before the beam commissioning, the accelerator components and beam line magnets have been positioned within the tolerance limit by using two laser tracker systems. In this paper, the schemes for the alignment and the network survey are presented together with the results.

WEPPP093

Time and Phase Synchronisation at ESS

controls, LLRF, neutron, cavity

2927

A.J. Johansson
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden

ESS is a next generation spallation source to be built in Lund, Sweden. It is a green field laboratory, and as such it has the opportunity to establish one central timing reference for all systems, from control systems through reference phases for the Linac RF generators to the scientific instruments at the detector. We will here present the proposed architecture for this timing and phase reference system.

WEPPR076

Positron Options for the Linac-ring LHeC

positron, emittance, electron, laser

3108

F. Zimmermann, O.S. Brüning, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Schulte, P. Sievers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H.-H. Braun
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
E.V. Bulyak
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
M. Klein
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
L. Rinolfi
JUAS, Archamps, France
A. Variola, Z.F. Zomer
LAL, Orsay, France
V. Yakimenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The full physics program of a future Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) requires both pe⁺ and pe- collisions. For a pulsed 140-GeV or an ERL-based 60-GeV Linac-Ring LHeC this implies a challenging rate of, respectively, about 1.8·10¹⁵ or 4.4·10¹⁶ e+/s at the collision point, which is about 300 or 7000 times the past SLC rate. We consider providing this e⁺ rate through a combination of measures: (1) Reducing the required production rate from the e⁺ target through colliding e⁺ (and the LHC protons) several times before deceleration, by reusing the e⁺ over several acceleration/deceleration cycles, and by cooling them, e.g., with a compact tri-ring scheme or a conventional damping ring in the SPS tunnel. (2) Using an advanced target, e.g., W-granules, rotating wheel, sliced-rod converter, or liquid metal jet, for converting gamma rays to e+. (3) Selecting the most powerful of several proposed gamma sources, namely Compton ERL, Compton storage ring, coherent pair production in a strong laser, or high-field undulator radiation from the high-energy lepton beam. We describe the various concepts, present example parameters, estimate the electrical power required, and mention open questions.

THXA01

Producing Medical Isotopes using X-rays

linac, electron, neutron, extraction

3177

M.S. de Jong
CLS, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Funding: Natural Resources Canada Non-reactor-based Isotope Supply Program Contribution Agreement Saskatchewan Crown Investment Corporation Contribution Agreement
In recent years, there has been frequent shortages of Mo-99 and its daughter isotope, Tc-99m, which are the most heavily used medical diagnostic radio-isotopes. The Canadian Light Source is leading a project to demonstrate large-scale photo-neutron production of Mo-99 using a high-power 35 MeV electron linac as an alternative to production of Mo-99 from fission of highly enriched U-235 in research reactors. This talk will present the results that have been obtained to date and discuss the commercial potential for this alternative production scheme.

Slides THXA01 [6.482 MB]

THYA03

Critical Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production

ion, ion-source, ISOL, proton

3195

P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, J. Lassen, G. Minor, A. Mjøs, B. Moss, M. Nozar
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

This presentation should review the technology challenges and future directions in the production of high intensity RIBs, including the operation of targets/ion sources in high radiation environment, high efficiency charge stripping, and high reliability.

Slides THYA03 [5.010 MB]

THEPPB010

Simulation of Plasma Window for Gas Target of Neutron Source

plasma, neutron, vacuum, simulation

3251

S. Huang, S. BenLiang, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

the demand of intense mono-energy fast neutron beams grow quickly as various applications of neutron are improved. Utilizing the reaction and based on small accelerators especially the modern radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators to get several mA of ion beam to energies in the low MeV range, or even just only connecting to a ion source with LEBT, the neutron source can be as compact as possible to get intense fast neutrons. Traditional gas target of high pressure is sealed by several thick metal foil from the vacuum environment, which will decrease and disperse the energy of the ion beams, and at the same time reduce the strength and cause the production of rays. In the other aspects, the foil window could be damaged with short service life result from the high heat flux of the ion beam injection. To prevent of these problems, a plasma window is designed to maintain a high pressure gap between the gas target (several bar) and the vacuum vessel, with no material window at all. In this article both the computational simulation and experiment results of the plasma window will be included.

THEPPB012

Pressure Acoustic Waves in Positron Production Targets for Future Lepton Colliders

positron, photon, collider, linear-collider

3257

O.S. Adeyemi, V.S. Kovalenko, L.I. Malysheva, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
A.F. Hartin
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
F. Staufenbiel
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Joint Research Project R&D Accelerator "Spin Management", contract number 05H10GUE
Future high energy lepton colliders demand high luminosities to achieve its physics goals. For the electron-positron linear collider, the generation of positrons is a non-trivial problem: the positron production target has to a survive huge amount of energy deposited by the bombardment of intense beams of electrons or photons. This causes a rapid increase of the temperature in the target within a very short time period. The resulting thermal stress induces pressure waves and can substantially shorten the operating life-span of for the target material. In this work, we study linear and effects of induced stress through pressure acoustic waves using a hydrodynamic model. The survivability issue of the target is discussed.

THPPD011

Radiation Hard Magnets at the Paul Scherrer Institute

radiation, shielding, vacuum, neutron

3518

A.L. Gabard, J.P. Duppich, D. George
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

Radiation hard magnets have been in operation at PSI for more than 30 years. Throughout this period, extensive experience was gained regarding both the conceptual design of these magnets and their operation. Worldwide, upcoming future projects for high intensity accelerators and spallation sources will create an increasing need for radiation hard magnets. Through a presentation of the PSI main accelerator facilities, this paper describes the lessons learned over the years regarding the operation of radiation hard magnets and explains a few basic design concepts adopted by PSI based on this experience.

THPPD017

Mu2e AC Dipole 300 kHz and 5.1 MHz Tests and Comparison of Nickel-Zinc Ferrites

pick-up, dipole, proton, impedance

3533

L. Elementi, K.R. Bourkland, D.J. Harding, V.S. Kashikhin, A.V. Makarov, H. Pfeffer, G. Velev
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

To suppress any background events coming from the inter-bunch proton interactions during the muon transport and decay window for the Mu2e experiment, a beam extinction scheme based on two dipoles running at ~300 kHz and 5.1 MHz is considered. The effective field of these magnets is synchronized to the proton bunch spacing in such a way that the bunches are transported at the sinus nodes. Two types Ni-Zn ferrites are considered for these dipoles. Ferrites, their characteristics and ferrites selection is herein discussed through measurements performed under conditions close to operational. The excitation system and the measurement of some characteristics of the magnetic field and field shape and measurement mechanism are also presented.

THPPD024

Irradiation Effects in Superconducting Magnet Materials at Low Temperature

neutron, radiation, solenoid, superconducting-magnet

3551

M.Y. Yoshida, M.I. Iio, S. Mihara, T. Nakamoto, H. Nishiguchi, T. Ogitsu, M. Sugano, K. Yoshimura
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Aoki, T. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, A. Sato
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori, B. Qin, K. Sato, Q. Xu, T. Yoshiie
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

Superconducting magnets for high intensity accelerators and particle sources are exposed to severe radiation from beam collisions and other beam losses. Neutron fluence on the superconducting magnets for the next generation projects of high energy particle physics, such as LHC upgrades and the COMET experiment at J-PARC, is expected to exceed 10²¹ n/m², which is close to the requirements on the fusion reactor magnets. Irradiation effects at low temperature in superconducting magnet materials should be reviewed to estimate the stability of the superconducting magnet system in operation and its life. The pion capture superconducting solenoids for the COMET experiment are designed with aluminum stabilized superconducting cable to reduce the nuclear heating by neutrons. Also, the heat is designed to be transferred in pure aluminum strips. Irradiation effects on the electrical conductance of aluminum stabilizer and other materials are tested at cryogenic temperature using the reactor neutrons. This paper describes the study on the irradiation effects for the magnet developments.

THPPD028

Studies on the LHC Superconducting Circuits and Routine Qualification of Their Functionalities

dipole, cryogenics, collider, hadron

3563

M. Pojer, G. D'Angelo, R. Mompo, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is systematically undergoing periods of maintenance stop (either 4-5 days stops or longer Christmas breaks), after which some of the superconducting circuits (or the totality of them) have to be re-commissioned to check the correct functionality of all powering and protection systems. Detailed procedures have been developed during the past few years and they have been optimized to increase powering tests efficiency, thus reducing beam downtime. The approach to the routine qualification of the LHC powering systems is described in this paper. During 2011 technical stops, some particular studies on the superconducting circuits were performed, to assess the quality of the superconducting splices of individually powered magnets and to study the quench propagation in the main magnet bus-bars. The methodology of these tests and some results are also presented.

THPPD042

High Radiation Environment Nuclear Fragment Separator Dipole Magnet

dipole, radiation, quadrupole, magnet-design

3605

S.A. Kahn
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
R.C. Gupta
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Supported in part by STTR Grant 4746 · 11SC06273
Magnets in the fragment separator region of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) would be subjected to extremely high radiation and heat loads. Critical elements of FRIB are the dipole magnets which select the desired isotopes. Since conventional NiTi and Nb3Sn superconductors must operate at ~4.5 K, the removal of the high heat load generated in these magnets with these superconductors would be difficult. The coils for these magnets must accommodate the large curvature from the 30° bend that the magnets subtend. High temperature superconductor (HTS) have been shown to be radiation resistant and can operate in the 20-50 K temperature range where heat removal is an order of magnitude more efficient than at 4.5 K. Furthermore these dipole magnets must be removable remotely for servicing because of the extremely high radiation environment. This paper will describe the magnetic and conceptual design of these magnets.

THPPP002

Operation of the HESR Storage Ring of the FAIR Project with Ions and Rare Isotopes

ion, electron, antiproton, storage-ring

3722

M. Steck, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The HESR storage ring of the FAIR project is designed for experiments with cooled antiprotons. The HESR receives pre-cooled antiprotons from the Collector Ring CR which is also designed for cooling of rare isotope beams. The magnetic rigidity of 13 Tm is the same for the pre-cooling of antiprotons and rare isotopes in the CR. Therefore the transfer of ions or rare isotopes from the CR to the HESR can be performed under similar condition, except the different polarity of the magnetic components. This is an option for the first stage of the FAIR project when no other storage ring is available for experiments with stored ions. In the HESR the ions can be decelerated or accelerated, like the antiprotons, to energies corresponding to the magnetic rigidity range from 5 to 50 Tm. The planned beam cooling systems of the HESR, stochastic and electron cooling, can be applied to improve the quality of the ion beams in the HESR and support experiments using an internal target or the accumulation of rare isotope beams in the HESR. Scenarios for operating the HESR with ions and rare isotopes as well as achievable performance, beam intensity and quality for internal experiments will be discussed.

THPPP012

Performance of the CERN Heavy Ion Production Complex

ion, injection, proton, luminosity

3752

D. Manglunki, M. E. Angoletta, H. Bartosik, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, J.M. Jowett, D. Kuchler, S. Maury, M. O'Neil, Y. Papaphilippou, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The second LHC ion run took place at 1.38 A TeV/c per beam in autumn 2011; more than 100 inverse microbarns was accumulated by each of the experiments. In addition, the LHC injector chain delivered primary Pb and secondary Be ion beams to fixed target experiments in the North Area. This paper presents the current performance of the heavy ion production complex, and prospects to further improve it in the near future.

THPPP021

6 Batch Injection and Slipped Beam Tune Measurements in Fermilab’s Main Injector

injection, booster, proton, coupling

3776

D.J. Scott, D. Capista, I. Kourbanis, K. Seiya, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

During Nova operations it is planned to run the Fermilab Recycler in a 12 batch slip stacking mode. In preparation for this, measurements of the tune during a six batch injection and then as the beam is slipped by changing the RF frequency, but without a 7th injection, have been carried out in the Main Injector. The coherent tune shifts due to the changing beam intensity were measured and compared well with the theoretically expected tune shift. The tune shifts due to changing RF frequency, required for slip stacking, also compare well with the linear theory, although some nonlinear affects are apparent at large frequency changes. These results give us confidence that the expected tunes shifts during 12 batch slip stacking Recycler operations can be accommodated.

THPPP040

Heavy-ion Beam Acceleration at RIKEN for the Super-Heavy Element Search

ion, ion-source, ECR, cyclotron

3823

M. Kase, M. Fujimaki, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Aihara, T.O. Ohki, K. Oyamada, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama, H. Yamauchi
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

In RIKEN Nishina accelerator center, the experiment on the super-heavy element (Z=113) search has been being carried out since 2003. The RIKEN heavy-ion linac is supplying a heavy-ion beam of 70Zn with energies around 5MeV/nucleon. The beam intensities are required more than 1 particle maicro amper on the target. Very long-term and stable operations are intrinsic for this kind of experiments. So far two events for Z=113 have been found during a net irradiation time of 10345 hours (431 days) with a total dose 1.1 x 10²⁰ (12.8 mg). Heavy operation of the linac will be reported.

THPPP047

The ESS Control Box

controls, EPICS, neutron, feedback

3844

E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Reščič
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia

The European Spallation Source will be a 5 MW superconducting proton linac, with fixed target, for the production of a stream of neutrons. The entire machine, the target and all the instruments will be controlled by an Integrated Control System: this is a set of hardware and software tools created to provide the most possible easy and flexible interface for the operator daily usage in the control room. The hardware core of the Integrated Control System is the Control Box, a Linux-based computer designed to provide a common platform for the ESS hardware developers. The software front-end for the Control Box is the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System - EPICS, a standard protocol used to control large facilities such as accelerators or nuclear power plants. In this paper the main characteristics of the Control Box and the EPICS system are presented.

THPPP070

Comparison of the Residual Doses Before and After Resumption of User Operation in J-PARC RCS

injection, alignment, scattering, neutron

3901

K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, R. Saeki, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

J-PARC Facilities were damaged by East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, but All Facirities resumed a beam operation from December 2012. In this paper, we report and compare the beam loss distribution and the residual doses before and after resumption of user operation in J-PARC RCS.

THPPP071

Design of the ESS Accelerator

linac, klystron, DTL, cryomodule

3904

H. Danared
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source, ESS, has produced a Conceptual Design Report at the end of 2011 which will evolve towards a Technical Design Report at the end of 2012. This paper is presented on behalf of the ESS Accelerator Design Update Collaboration and will describe the current design of the ESS linear accelerator.

THPPP077

Status of the SPES Project: a Neutron Rich ISOL Facility for Re-accelerated RIBs

ISOL, neutron, proton, cyclotron

3913

L.A.C. Piazza, A. Andrighetto, G. Bisoffi, P. Favaron, F. Gramegna, A. Lombardi, G.P. Prete, D. Zafiropoulos
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project with the aim to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES Project is under realization at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories site. The SPES Project main goal is to provide a production and accelerator system of exotic beams to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability. The SPES Project is concentrating on the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with mass in the range 80-160. The final energy of the radioactive beams on target will range from few MeV/u up to 11 MeV/u for A=130. The SPES acceleration system will be presented, together with the facility realization status.

THPPP084

Charge Stripping of Uranium-238 Ion Beam with Helium Gas Stripper

cyclotron, ion, acceleration, radiation

3930

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Development of the reliable and efficient electric charge stripping method is one of the key issues in next-generation high-intensity heavy ion accelerators. Although conventional carbon-foil charge strippers provide a good charge stripping efficiency, two serious problems are emerging; the short usable time and thickness non-uniformity. A charge stripper using low-Z gas is an important candidate applicable for high-intensity 238U beams to replace carbon foil strippers. In the present work, the first actual charge stripping system using helium gas for 238U beams injected at 10.75 MeV/u has been developed and tested.

THPPP085

End to End Beam Dynamics of the ESS Linac

linac, proton, DTL, quadrupole

3933

M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
L. Celona
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Comunian
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A.I.S. Holm, S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark
J. Stovall
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to deliver a high intensity proton beam to the target station. The nominal beam power on target will be 5~MW at an energy of 2.5~GeV. We briefly describe the individual accelerating structures and transport lines through which we have carried out multiparticle beam dynamics simulations. We will present a review of the beam dynamics from the source to the target.

THPPP087

Beta Beams for Precision Measurements of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters

ion, proton, linac, acceleration

3939

E.H.M. Wildner, E. Benedetto, T. De Melo Mendonca, C. Hansen, T. Stora
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Berkovits
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
A. Brondi, A. Di Nitto, G. La Rana, R. Moro, E. Vardaci
Naples University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A. Chancé, J. Payet
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
M. Cinausero, G. De Angelis, F. Gramegna, V. Kravtchouk, T. Marchi, G.P. Prete
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G. Collazuol
Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
G. De Rosa, V.C. Palladino
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
F. Debray, C. Trophime
GHMFL, Grenoble, France
T. Delbar, T. Keutgen, M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov
UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
M. Hass, T. Hirsch
Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
I. Izotov, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Lamy, L. Latrasse, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France
M. Mezzetto
INFN- Sez. di Padova, Padova, Italy
A. Stahl
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

Funding: CERN and European Community under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 Design Study: EUROnu, Project Number 212372
Neutrino oscillations have implications for the Standard Model of particle physics. The “CERN Beta Beam” has outstanding capabilities to contribute to precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations. The FP7 collaboration “EUROnu” (2008-2012) is a design study that will review three facilities (Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make decisions on future European neutrino oscillation facilities. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrino beams by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. Using existing machines and infrastructure is an advantage for the cost evaluation; however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, ensure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes. The costing approach will also be described.

THPPP090

Project X Functional Requirements Specification

linac, proton, collider, factory

3945

S.D. Holmes, S. Henderson, R.D. Kephart, J.S. Kerby, I. Kourbanis, V.A. Lebedev, C.S. Mishra, S. Nagaitsev, N. Solyak, R.S. Tschirhart
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy.
Project X is a multi-megawatt proton facility being developed to support a world-leading program in Intensity Frontier physics at Fermilab. The facility is designed to support programs in elementary particle and nuclear physics, with possible applications to nuclear energy research. A Functional Requirements Specification has been developed in order to establish performance criteria for the Project X complex in support of these multiple missions, and to assure that the facility is designed with sufficient upgrade capability to provide U.S. leadership for many decades to come. This paper will describe the Functional Requirements for the Project X facility, their recent evolution, and the rationale for these requirements.

THPPR004

Development Status of Data Acquisition System for LIPAc

EPICS, status, controls, linac

3972

H. Takahashi, T. Kojima, T. Narita, H. Sakaki
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
S. Komukai
Gitec, Hachinohe, Japan

Control System for LIPAc* for IFMIF/EVEDA** realizes the remote control and monitoring and data acquisition by use of EPICS. LIPAc consists of the basic components for IFMIF Accelerator, and the purpose of LIPAc project is engineering validation of these components. Therefore, for the validations of each subsystem performance and the activity of IFMIF Accelerator design, it is very important data obtained by commissioning of LIPAc and each subsystem. To certainly archive the important data for LIPAc and to efficiently search the LIPAc data, for design and validation, we started developing Data Acquisition System (DAC) based on Relational Database (RDB) has been developed. The first design for DAC of LIPAc control system is configured (1) using PostgreSQL for RDB and (2) several RDB for data archiving to ensure the data archive performance and to consider the increasing data amount. In addition, (3) only one RDB for data search is included in DAC and users can search the data via this RDB. In this way, several RDB for DAC can behave only one RDB against users. In this article, the development status of DAC for LIPAc is presented.
* LIPAc: Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator
** IFMIF/EVEDA: International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility/Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity

THPPR023

Radiation Shielding Design for Dream-Line Beamline at SSRF

shielding, radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation

4011

J.Q. Xu, L.X. Liu, J.J. Lv, Y. Sheng, X. Xia
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

The dream-line beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF, is an under construction soft X-ray beam line with a wide energy range and super high energy resolution. It is required to allow online operation beside optical components in the experiment hutch at this beamline when synchrotron light is running. This requires more careful radiation shielding design for the beamline. The radiation shielding designs for the beamline are considered to shield gas bremsstrahlung and synchrotron. Ray tracing was carried out according to the beamline structure and optical components layout. The residual gas bremsstrahlung with optical components and the induced dose rate distribution were simulated with the Fluka code. The synchrotron radiation scattering at optical components was calculated with the STAC08 code. With the simulated results, the specifications of shielding collimators, safety shutters, and hutch wall are given for the beamline. The normalized dose rate results by gas bremsstrahlung are consisted with the measurements or calculations results in other facilities in the world very well.
* Corresponding author: xiaxiaobin@sinap.ac.cn

THPPR029

A New Control Room for SLAC Accelerators

controls, linac, synchrotron, electron

4029

R.A. Erickson, E. Guerra, M. Stanek, Z. Van Hoover, J. Warren
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
We propose to construct a new control room at SLAC to unify and improve the operation of the LCLS, SPEAR3, and FACET accelerator facilities, and to provide the space and flexibility needed to support the LCLS-II and proposed new test beam facilities. The existing control rooms for the linac and SPEAR3 have been upgraded in various ways over the last decade, but their basic features have remained unchanged. We propose to build a larger modern Accelerator Control Room (ACR) in the new Research Support Building (RSB), which is currently under construction at SLAC. Shifting the center of control for the accelerator facilities entails both technical and administrative challenges. In this paper, we describe the motivation and design concept for the ACR and the remaining challenges to completing this project.

THPPR031

Reliability Modeling Method for Proton Accelerator

cryomodule, simulation, linac, proton

4035

S. Bhattacharyya, R.K. Yedavalli
Ohio State University, USA
J.S. Kerby, A. Mukherjee
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

Reliability Analysis is an essential part of designing any complex system in order to predict performance and understand availability. However modeling complex systems has been a challenging task due to the large number of components and inter-dependencies. The options have been custom written simulation packages, requiring large investment of programming and debugging time; or standard commercial software running for many days. In our research we developed a hierarchical method to represent the reliability model of “Project X,”* a proposed linear accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The system is first divided into subsystems small enough to readily simulate. Each subsystem is then separately simulated and parameterized so they can be represented as simple blocks in the top level system diagram. This allows standard, commercial software to model systems with many tens of thousands of components without requiring many days of computer time. Simulation were run and compared with data gathered from existing accelerators.
* S.D. Holmes, "Project X: A Multi-MW Proton Source at Fermilab," Proc. of IPAC’10, TUYRA01, p. 1299 (2010).

THPPR048

Construction of a BNCT Facility using an 8-MeV High Power Proton Linac in Tokai

neutron, proton, radioactivity, DTL

4083

H. Kobayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Matsumoto, M. Yoshioka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Hashirano, F. Inoue, K. Sennyu, T. Sugano
MHI, Hiroshima, Japan
F. Hiraga, Y. Kiyanagi
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
H. Kumada
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Matsumura, H. Sakurai
Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Nakamura, H. Nakashima, T. Shibata
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
T. Ohba, Su. Tanaka
Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan

An accelerator-based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) facility is now under construction and the entire system including the patient treatment system will be installed in the Ibaraki Medical Center for Advanced Neutron Therapy (tentative name). The linac specification is 8 MeV with 10 mA of average current (80 kW) with a duty factor of 20%. The linac is composed of a 3-MeV RFQ and a drift-tube linac and can accelerate a peak current of 50 mA up to 8-MeV. The neutron producing target is a 0.5 mm thick beryllium disk 150 mm in diameter which is formed on a heat sink plate. The material components used in the neutron moderator system, including the target, should be selected to have a reduced residual radio-activity. Special attention should be paid to mitigate the swelling of target materials due to hydrogen implantation as well. The development of an accelerator-based BNCT suited for practical application requires input from a wide spread of technical specialties. To obtain the needed breath and strength, we have organized our team with contributing members from diverse institutes and companies. The research and development activities of this integrated team will be presented.

THPPR050

Fabrication and High Power RF Test of A C-band 6MeV Standing-wave Linear Accelerating Structure

simulation, gun, coupling, electron

4089

J.H. Shao, H. Chen, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

We have designed a C-band standing-wave bi-periodic on-axis coupled linear accelerating structure for industrial and medical applications [1]. The output electron energy is 6MeV and the pulse current intensity is 100mA. The structure has been fabricated and measured in cold test. The cold test results show a good agreement between the simulation and actual measurement. At present, it’s under high power RF test. In this paper, we illustrate the fabrication, the results of cold test and newly high power RF test.

THPPR054

Progress in the Design of a Curved Superconducting Dipole for a Therapy Gantry

dipole, proton, solenoid, ion

4097

S. Caspi, D. Arbelaez, L.N. Brouwer, D.R. Dietderich, R.R. Hafalia, D. Robin, A. Sessler, C. Sun, W. Wan
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

A curved superconducting magnet for a carbon therapy gantry requires a large bore and a field around 5T. The design reduces the gantry’s size and weight and makes it more comparable with gantries used for proton therapy. In this paper we report on a combined function superconducting dipole magnet that is half the size needed for carbon gantry and is about the size of a proton gantry. The half scale, with a 130 mm bore diameter that is curved 90 degrees at a radius of 634 mm, superimposes two layers of oppositely wound and skewed solenoids that are energized in a way that nulls the solenoid field and doubles the dipole field. Furthermore, the combined architecture of the windings can create a selection of field terms that are off the near-pure dipole field. In this paper we report on the design of a two layers curved coil and the production of the winding mandrel. Some details on the magnet assembly are included.

THPPR057

Feasibility Study Gamma-induced Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy in an Electron Storage Ring

laser, positron, electron, storage-ring

4103

Y. Taira, H. Toyokawa
AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Adachi, M. Katoh, S. Tanaka
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
N. Yamamoto
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22360297) and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (235193).
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has proved to be very sensitive tool to characterize materials and study defects. However PALS has been restricted to thin samples because of the limited range of positrons in materials. We have developed new techniques for PALS, in which laser Compton scattered (LCS) gamma rays are used to produce positrons inside materials via pair production. Ultra-short gamma ray pulse source* with pulse width of 5 ps (FWHM) generated by 90-degree collision LCS was applied to PALS for the first time. The short pulse width of the gamma-rays that is negligible compared to estimated positron lifetime (100 ps to ns range) is essential to PALS. The experiment was carried out at the UVSOR-II electron storage ring, a 750 MeV synchrotron light source. The positron annihilation lifetime, 199 ± 10 ps, in a bulk sample of lead was successfully measured by using the ultra-short gamma ray pulse.
* Y. Taira, et al., Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A 637 (2011) S116.

THPPR061

Optimisation Studies of Accelerator Driven Fertile to Fissile Conversion Rates in Thorium Fuel Cycle

proton, neutron, simulation, scattering

4112

C. Bungau, R.J. Barlow, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The need for proliferation-resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn up and improved waste form characteristics has led to a renewed worldwide interest in thorium-based fuels and fuel cycles. In this paper the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code has been used to simulate the Thorium-Uranium fuel cycle. The accelerator driven fertile to fissile conversion rates have been calculated for various geometries. Several new classes have been added by the authors to the GEANT4 simulation code, an extension which allows the state-of-the-art code to be used for the first time for nuclear reactor criticality calculations.

THPPR062

Handling GEM*STER Volatile Radioactive Fission Products

neutron, proton, simulation, ion

4115

M. Notani, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Batavia, USA
C. Bowman
ADNA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

A next-generation advanced technology of nuclear power has been developed for many years. One of the promising future reactor designs with accelerator-produced neutrons is GEM*STAR (Green Energy Multiplier*Subcritical Technology for Alternative Reactors) developed by Accelerator Driven Neutron Application (ADNA), which is a subcritical thermal-spectrum reactor operating with molten salt fuel in a graphite matrix. GEM*STAR is able to use natural uranium as well as unreprocessed spent fuel from light-water reactors (LWR), generating as much electricity as the LWR had generated from the same fuel. Since the advanced design of GEM*STAR is quite different from LWR that uses solid nuclear fuel loaded in the Zircaloy, it requires emission control for volatiles emitted from the molten salt fuel, like as radioactive iodine and cesium. The volatiles caught in the helium gas circulating around the core reactor will be trapped in the cryogenic bottles. Numerical simulations to estimate the amount of fission products were performed for the design of confinement of the volatiles. The result of simulation with spent nuclear fuel from LWR is presented.

THPPR064

MW-class 800 MeV/n H²⁺ SC-Cyclotron for ADC application, Design Study and Goals

cyclotron, extraction, injection, closed-orbit

4121

F. Méot, T. Roser, W.-T. Weng
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Calanna
CSFNSM, Catania, Italy

A megawatt class isochronous cyclotron is a potential candidate for accelerator driven systems, as in the subcritical-fission molten-salt reactor application. A scheme for a 800 MeV/nucleon cyclotron accelerating molecular H₂⁺ has been derived from on-going proton driver design studies for neutrino beam production. The present paper reports on beam dynamics studies regarding that cyclotron, exploiting its superconducting coil magnetic sector OPERA field map. These studies are aimed at assessing lattice properties as accelerated orbit, phase oscillations, tunes, beam envelopes and other resonance effects.

THPPR073

Target Studies for the Production of Lithium 8 for Neutrino Physics Using a Low Energy Cyclotron

neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron

4145

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

Lithium 8 is a short lived beta emitter producing a high energy anti-neutrino, which is very suitable for making several measurements of fundamental quantities. It is proposed to produce Lithium 8 with a commercially available 60 MeV cyclotron using protons or alpha particles on a Beryllium 9 target. We have used the GEANT4 program to model these processes, and calculate the antineutrino fluxes that could be obtained in a practical system. We also calculate the production of undesirable contaminants such as Boron 8, and show that these can be reduced to a very low level.

THPPR074

Simulations of Pion Production in the DAEδALUS Target

proton, simulation, neutron, hadron

4148

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.M. Conrad, T. Smidt, J. Spitz
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

DAEδALUS, the Decay At-rest Experiment for δCP At the Laboratory for Underground Science will look for evidence of CP-violation in the neutrino sector, which may explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in our universe. It will make precision measurements of oscillations of anti-muon neutrinos to anti-electron neutrinos using multiple neutrino sources created by low-cost compact cyclotrons. DAEδALUS will utilize a decay-at-rest neutrino beam produced by 800 MeV protons impacting a graphite target. Two well established Monte Carlo codes, MARS and GEANT4, have been used to optimize the design and the performance of the target. A benchmarking of the results obtained with these codes is also presented in this paper.

THPPR075

The UK MEIS Facility : A New Future

ion, scattering, quadrupole, alignment

4151

R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The Medium Energy Ion Scattering facility at the Daresbury Laboratory, one of only ~10 such facilities in the world, has served the UK community since 1996. It provides a 50-400 keV ion beam and a very comprehensive experimental station where samples can be studied and the energies and angles of the recoil ions measured. It is now closing, but will be be relocated some 50 miles to the University of Huddersfield: it should be recommissioned and available to users in early 2012. We will report on progress, and on the facilities which will be available for users at the new site and under the new management.

THPPR076

Optimising Neutron Production From Compact Low Energy Accelerators

neutron, proton, simulation, cyclotron

4154

N. Ratcliffe, R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations, with other models and experimental results, before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production.

FRYBP01

Accelerators for Intensity Frontier Research

proton, booster, linac, kaon

4185

P. Derwent
Fermilab, Batavia, USA

This presentation should present recent developments in the accelerator physics and technology supporting the intensity frontier research in high energy physics. It should discuss the long and short base line neutrino experiments and the experiments with muons (muon-to-electron conversion and g-2).

Slides FRYBP01 [3.908 MB]