IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (beam-losses)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPAB022	FailSim: A Numerical Toolbox for the Study of Fast Failures and Their Impact on Machine Protection at the CERN Large Hadron Collider	simulation, optics, quadrupole, machine-protect	111
	C. Hernalsteens, G. Sterbini, O.K. Tuormaa, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) foresees to reach a nominal, levelled luminosity of 5·10³⁴ cm^-2 s⁻¹ through a higher beam brightness and by using new equipment, such as larger aperture final focusing quadrupole magnets. The HL-LHC upgrade has critical impacts on the machine protection strategy, as the stored beam energy reaches 700 MJ for each of the two beams. Some failure modes of the novel active superconducting magnet protection system of the inner triplet magnets, namely the Coupling-Loss Induced Quench (CLIQ) systems, have been identified as critical. This paper reports on FailSim, a Python-language framework developed to study the machine protection impact of failure cases and their proposed mitigation. It provides seamless integration of the successive phases required by the simulation studies, i.e., verifying the optics, preparing and running a MAD-X instance for multiple particle tracking, processing and analysing the simulation results and summarising them with the relevant plots to provide a solid estimate of the beam losses, their location and time evolution. The paper also presents and discusses the result of its application on the spurious discharge of a CLIQ unit.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB022
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021
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MOPAB023	Experimental Test of a New Method to Verify Retraction Margins Between Dump Absorbers and Tertiary Collimators at the LHC	experiment, alignment, emittance, operation	115
	C. Wiesner, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J. Molson, M. Schaumann, C. Staufenbiel, J.A. Uythoven, M. Valette, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The protection of the tertiary collimators (TCTs) and the LHC triplet aperture in case of a so-called asynchronous beam dump relies on the correct retraction between the TCTs and the dump region absorbers. A new method to validate this retraction has been proposed, and a proof-of-principle experiment was performed at the LHC. The method uses a long orbit bump to mimic the change of the beam trajectory caused by an asynchronous firing of the extraction kickers. It can, thus, be performed with circulating beam. This paper reports on the performed beam measurements, compares them with expectations and discusses the potential benefits of the new method for machine protection.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB023
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
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MOPAB174	Foil Hits Reduction by Minimizing Injection Beam Size at the Foil in J-PARC RCS	injection, proton, scattering, operation	590
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, K. Okabe, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan H. Hotchi KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Pranab Kumar Saha The uncontrolled beam loss caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam during multi-turn charge-exchange injection is one of the main sources for high residual radiation at the injection area of J-PARC 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron. We studied to reduce foil hits of the circulating beam by minimizing the vertical injection beam size at the foil and using a smaller vertical foil size. The vertical foil size was reduced according to the injection beam size by maintaining the stripping efficiency. As a result, the number of circulating beam passing through foil was significantly reduced due to smaller foil size. The simulation and measurement results of the foil hits reduction are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB174
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021
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TUPAB233	Diffusive Models for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics	hadron, collider, dynamic-aperture, experiment	1976
	C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani Bologna University, Bologna, Italy M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Diffusive models for representing the nonlinear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator ring have been developed in recent years. The novelty of the work presented here with respect to older approaches is that the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is derived from the time stability estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, we discuss the latest results obtained for simple models of nonlinear betratron motion.
	Poster TUPAB233 [0.574 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB233
About •	paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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TUPAB329	Pattern Based Parameter Setup of the SNS Linac	cavity, linac, DTL, operation	2276
	C.C. Peters ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA A.P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. Theoretical and practical aspects of beam tuning procedures used for the SNS linac are discussed. The SNS linac includes two sections of beam acceleration. Acceleration in the first section up to 185.5 MeV is done with a room temperature copper linac which consists of both Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) Radio Frequency (RF) cavities. The second section consists of 81 Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities which accelerate the beam to the final beam energy of 1 GeV. The linac is currently capable of delivering an average beam power output of 1.44 MW with typical yearly operating hours of around 4500 hours. Due to the high power output and high availability of the linac, activation of accelerator equipment is a significant concern. The linac tuning process consists of three stages: model based setup of amplitudes and phases of the RF cavities, empirical beam loss reduction, and then documentation of the final amplitudes and phases of RF cavities after the empirical tuning. The final step is needed to ensure fast recovery from an SRF cavity failure. This paper discusses models, algorithms, diagnostic tools, software, and practices that are used for these stages.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB329
About •	paper received ※ 22 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021
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WEPAB021	Development and Testing of a Cherenkov Beam Loss Monitor in CLEAR Facility	experiment, detector, photon, electron	2640
	S. Benitez Berrocal, E. Effinger, W. Farabolini, A. Gilardi, P. Korysko, E. Lima, B. Salvachua, W. Viganò CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland P. Lane University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	Beam Loss Monitors are fundamental diagnostic systems in particle accelerators. Beam losses are measured by a wide range of detectors with excellent results; most of these devices are used to measure local beam losses. However, in some accelerators there is the need to measure beam losses continuously localized over longer distances i.e., several tens of meters. For this reason, a beam loss detector based on long optical fibres is now under study. As part of the design, several simulations, comparing different possible detection scenarios, have been performed in FLUKA and bench-marked with experimental data. An experimental campaign was performed with an electron beam in the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) in November 2020. The light emitted from the optical fibre was captured using Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM) coupled at each fibre’s end. In this poster, the first results of a beam loss detector based on the capture of Cherenkov photons generated by charged particles inside multimode silica fibres are presented.
	Poster WEPAB021 [0.724 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB021
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
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WEPAB118	Loss Maps Along the ThomX Transfer Line and the Ring First Turn	HOM, electron, injection, diagnostics	2874
	A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, E.E. Ergenlik, V. Kubytskyi, H. Monard Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
	Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051. We report on studies of the loss maps for particles travelling from the end of the ThomX’s linac along the transfer line to the end of the ring first turn in preparation of the machine commissioning. ThomX is a 50-MeV-electron accelerator prototype which will use Compton backscattering to generate a high flux of hard X-rays. The accelerator tracking code MadX is used to simulate electrons’ propagation and compute losses. These maps may be projected at any localisation along the bunch path or plotted along the bunch path. This information is particularly relevant at the locations of the monitoring devices (screens, position monitors,…) where loss predictions will be compared with measurements.
	Poster WEPAB118 [3.173 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB118
About •	paper received ※ 28 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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THPAB192	Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics	cyclotron, simulation, solenoid, ion-source	4153
	D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.
	Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPAB199	Studies of Longitudinal Beam Losses at LHC Injection	injection, simulation, impedance, extraction	4164
	L.E. Medina Medrano, T. Argyropoulos, R. Calaga, H. Timko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project. Due to higher beam intensities, the required rf power in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era is expected to be at the limit of the available rf power. To mitigate potential limitations of the rf system, the injection voltage can be reduced at the expense of beam losses. In this paper, the average and bunch-by-bunch losses are estimated from Run 2 beam intensity measurements in the SPS before extraction and in the LHC after injection. Macro-particle simulations are performed with CERN’s Beam Longitudinal Dynamics code to reproduce the observed SPS-to-LHC capture and LHC flat-bottom losses. First estimates of injection losses for the HL-LHC at different injection voltages and injection energy errors are discussed.
	Poster THPAB199 [2.428 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB199
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

FailSim: A Numerical Toolbox for the Study of Fast Failures and Their Impact on Machine Protection at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

simulation, optics, quadrupole, machine-protect

111

C. Hernalsteens, G. Sterbini, O.K. Tuormaa, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) foresees to reach a nominal, levelled luminosity of 5·10³⁴ cm^-2 s⁻¹ through a higher beam brightness and by using new equipment, such as larger aperture final focusing quadrupole magnets. The HL-LHC upgrade has critical impacts on the machine protection strategy, as the stored beam energy reaches 700 MJ for each of the two beams. Some failure modes of the novel active superconducting magnet protection system of the inner triplet magnets, namely the Coupling-Loss Induced Quench (CLIQ) systems, have been identified as critical. This paper reports on FailSim, a Python-language framework developed to study the machine protection impact of failure cases and their proposed mitigation. It provides seamless integration of the successive phases required by the simulation studies, i.e., verifying the optics, preparing and running a MAD-X instance for multiple particle tracking, processing and analysing the simulation results and summarising them with the relevant plots to provide a solid estimate of the beam losses, their location and time evolution. The paper also presents and discusses the result of its application on the spurious discharge of a CLIQ unit.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB022

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 18 August 2021

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MOPAB023

Experimental Test of a New Method to Verify Retraction Margins Between Dump Absorbers and Tertiary Collimators at the LHC

experiment, alignment, emittance, operation

115

C. Wiesner, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J. Molson, M. Schaumann, C. Staufenbiel, J.A. Uythoven, M. Valette, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The protection of the tertiary collimators (TCTs) and the LHC triplet aperture in case of a so-called asynchronous beam dump relies on the correct retraction between the TCTs and the dump region absorbers. A new method to validate this retraction has been proposed, and a proof-of-principle experiment was performed at the LHC. The method uses a long orbit bump to mimic the change of the beam trajectory caused by an asynchronous firing of the extraction kickers. It can, thus, be performed with circulating beam. This paper reports on the performed beam measurements, compares them with expectations and discusses the potential benefits of the new method for machine protection.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB023

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB174

Foil Hits Reduction by Minimizing Injection Beam Size at the Foil in J-PARC RCS

injection, proton, scattering, operation

590

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, K. Okabe, F. Tamura, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
H. Hotchi
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Pranab Kumar Saha
The uncontrolled beam loss caused by the foil scattering of the circulating beam during multi-turn charge-exchange injection is one of the main sources for high residual radiation at the injection area of J-PARC 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron. We studied to reduce foil hits of the circulating beam by minimizing the vertical injection beam size at the foil and using a smaller vertical foil size. The vertical foil size was reduced according to the injection beam size by maintaining the stripping efficiency. As a result, the number of circulating beam passing through foil was significantly reduced due to smaller foil size. The simulation and measurement results of the foil hits reduction are presented in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB174

About •

paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 31 May 2021 issue date ※ 28 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPAB233

Diffusive Models for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics

hadron, collider, dynamic-aperture, experiment

1976

C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Diffusive models for representing the nonlinear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator ring have been developed in recent years. The novelty of the work presented here with respect to older approaches is that the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is derived from the time stability estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, we discuss the latest results obtained for simple models of nonlinear betratron motion.

Poster TUPAB233 [0.574 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB233

About •

paper received ※ 11 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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TUPAB329

Pattern Based Parameter Setup of the SNS Linac

cavity, linac, DTL, operation

2276

C.C. Peters
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A.P. Shishlo
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Theoretical and practical aspects of beam tuning procedures used for the SNS linac are discussed. The SNS linac includes two sections of beam acceleration. Acceleration in the first section up to 185.5 MeV is done with a room temperature copper linac which consists of both Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) Radio Frequency (RF) cavities. The second section consists of 81 Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities which accelerate the beam to the final beam energy of 1 GeV. The linac is currently capable of delivering an average beam power output of 1.44 MW with typical yearly operating hours of around 4500 hours. Due to the high power output and high availability of the linac, activation of accelerator equipment is a significant concern. The linac tuning process consists of three stages: model based setup of amplitudes and phases of the RF cavities, empirical beam loss reduction, and then documentation of the final amplitudes and phases of RF cavities after the empirical tuning. The final step is needed to ensure fast recovery from an SRF cavity failure. This paper discusses models, algorithms, diagnostic tools, software, and practices that are used for these stages.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB329

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paper received ※ 22 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 May 2021 issue date ※ 25 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPAB021

Development and Testing of a Cherenkov Beam Loss Monitor in CLEAR Facility

experiment, detector, photon, electron

2640

S. Benitez Berrocal, E. Effinger, W. Farabolini, A. Gilardi, P. Korysko, E. Lima, B. Salvachua, W. Viganò
CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
P. Lane
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

Beam Loss Monitors are fundamental diagnostic systems in particle accelerators. Beam losses are measured by a wide range of detectors with excellent results; most of these devices are used to measure local beam losses. However, in some accelerators there is the need to measure beam losses continuously localized over longer distances i.e., several tens of meters. For this reason, a beam loss detector based on long optical fibres is now under study. As part of the design, several simulations, comparing different possible detection scenarios, have been performed in FLUKA and bench-marked with experimental data. An experimental campaign was performed with an electron beam in the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) in November 2020. The light emitted from the optical fibre was captured using Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM) coupled at each fibre’s end. In this poster, the first results of a beam loss detector based on the capture of Cherenkov photons generated by charged particles inside multimode silica fibres are presented.

Poster WEPAB021 [0.724 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB021

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

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WEPAB118

Loss Maps Along the ThomX Transfer Line and the Ring First Turn

HOM, electron, injection, diagnostics

2874

A. Moutardier, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska, S. Chancé, N. Delerue, E.E. Ergenlik, V. Kubytskyi, H. Monard
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

Funding: Research Agency under the Equipex convention ANR-10-EQPX-0051.
We report on studies of the loss maps for particles travelling from the end of the ThomX’s linac along the transfer line to the end of the ring first turn in preparation of the machine commissioning. ThomX is a 50-MeV-electron accelerator prototype which will use Compton backscattering to generate a high flux of hard X-rays. The accelerator tracking code MadX is used to simulate electrons’ propagation and compute losses. These maps may be projected at any localisation along the bunch path or plotted along the bunch path. This information is particularly relevant at the locations of the monitoring devices (screens, position monitors,…) where loss predictions will be compared with measurements.

Poster WEPAB118 [3.173 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB118

About •

paper received ※ 28 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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THPAB192

Continuous Beam Dynamics Simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics

cyclotron, simulation, solenoid, ion-source

4153

D. Popov, O. Karamyshev, I.D. Lyapin, V. Malinin
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The classic way of beam dynamics simulation in a cyclotron is to separate it into many different stages from the ion source to the extraction (or even further), this was absolutely necessary to fit the calculations into any reasonable time in a cost of influence of some operation devices from one stage, on beam dynamics of another (next or previous mostly) stage. We’ve managed to perform beam dynamics from ion source through a solenoid to the center region in a single model in COMSOL, using several fields simultaneously: external magnetic (the magnet), calculated magnetic (the solenoid) and alternating and stationary electric fields in the center region.

Poster THPAB192 [1.233 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB192

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPAB199

Studies of Longitudinal Beam Losses at LHC Injection

injection, simulation, impedance, extraction

4164

L.E. Medina Medrano, T. Argyropoulos, R. Calaga, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
Due to higher beam intensities, the required rf power in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era is expected to be at the limit of the available rf power. To mitigate potential limitations of the rf system, the injection voltage can be reduced at the expense of beam losses. In this paper, the average and bunch-by-bunch losses are estimated from Run 2 beam intensity measurements in the SPS before extraction and in the LHC after injection. Macro-particle simulations are performed with CERN’s Beam Longitudinal Dynamics code to reproduce the observed SPS-to-LHC capture and LHC flat-bottom losses. First estimates of injection losses for the HL-LHC at different injection voltages and injection energy errors are discussed.

Poster THPAB199 [2.428 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB199

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)