IPAC2017 - List of Keywords (injection)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYAA1	Approaching the Nominal Performance at the LHC	luminosity, operation, emittance, experiment	13
	J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2015 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) restarted for Run 2 after an almost two year long shutdown to consolidate the machine for operation at nominal beam energy. Following a month of recommissioning and training of the magnet system, the LHC operated for the first time at an energy of 6.5 TeV. The aim of this first year was to master operation at the higher energy and with beams of 25 ns spacing. In 2016 the performance could be pushed based on the experience of 2015, culminating with a luminosity 40% above the design value of 10³⁴ cm^-2s⁻¹. The status of the machine operation, performance and prospects for the rest of Run 2 and Run 3 will be discussed.
	Slides MOYAA1 [4.639 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOYAA1
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MOPAB007	Status of Crystal Collimation Studies at the LHC	collimation, proton, beam-losses, ion	84
	R. Rossi, O. Aberle, O.O. Andreassen, M.E.J. Butcher, C.A. Dionisio Barreto, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, W. Scandale, P. Serrano Galvez, G. Valentino CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Galluccio INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
	Crystal collimation is a technique that relies on highly pure bent crystals to coherently deflect beam particles - through the channeling mechanisms - onto dedicated absorbers. Standard multi-stage collimation systems for hadron beams use amorphous materials as primary collimators and might be limited by nuclear interactions and ion fragmentation that are strongly suppressed in crystals. A crystal collimation setup was installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to demonstrate with LHC beams the feasibility of this concept and to compare its performance with that of the present system. Channeling was observed for the first time with 6.5 TeV beam and and plans for further crystal collimation beam tests at the LHC are discussed. Results of these first beam tests are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPAB007
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MOPAB031	Orbit Measurements in the BESSY II Booster in Preparation for Quasi-Low-Alpha Operation	booster, data-acquisition, lattice, extraction	146
	T. Atkinson, E. Motuk, M. Ries, M. Ulrich HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Diagnostic refurbishments are ongoing in the booster synchrotron in preparation for the near future Variable pulse Storage Ring (VSR) project at BESSY II. Essential orbit measurements have been re-installed after almost two decades of latency. This diagnostic will help assess the effectiveness of the possible upgrade scenarios such as quasi-low-alpha operation and extraction optimization. The contribution presents the preliminary results of the continual global upgrade of the injector systems.
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MOPAB040	Linear and Nonlinear Optics Measurements With Multiturn Data at PETRA III	optics, kicker, operation, diagnostics	170
	I.V. Agapov, M. Bieler, H. Ehrlichmann, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo, F. Schmidt-Föhre, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	At Petra III measuring multiturn beam response to pulsed and continuous excitations allows linear and nonlinear (e.g. frequency maps) optics parameter determination. We describe the measurement setup, approaches to optics parameter determination, and the measurement results for Petra III.
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MOPAB048	Simulation of fs Bunch Length Determination with the 3-Phase Method and THz Dielectric Loaded Waveguides	linac, space-charge, simulation, electron	199
	T. Vinatier, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	In this paper, we investigate with ASTRA simulations the capability of the 3-phase method to reconstruct the length of a fs electron bunch. We show that a standard 3 GHz travelling wave accelerating structure is not suited for this purpose, because of the too important effect of the space-charge forces and of the too small variations of the induced energy spread with the bunch injection phase. Our simulations demonstrate that the use of dielectric-loaded waveguides driven by THz pulses would allow overcoming these two limitations and possibly achieving an ultimate resolution better than 5% for the determination of a 6.25 fs rms bunch length at 100 MeV energy and 1 pC charge. The next steps of the study to better evaluate, in simulations and experiments, the possible sources of degradation of the 3-phase method resolution are also mentioned.
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MOPAB070	Beam Position Measurement During Multi-Turn Painting Injection at the J-PARC RCS	linac, operation, proton, synchrotron	277
	N. Hayashi, A. Miura, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	Multi-turn painting injection scheme is important for high intensity proton accelerators. At the J-PARC RCS, a transverse painting scheme was adapted by adding vertical painting magnets to the beam transport line before the injection point, with horizontal painting being performed by a set of dedicated pulse magnets in the ring. To establish a transverse painting condition, it is usual to base on the pulse magnet current pattern. However, it is more desirable to directly measure the beam orbit time variation for evaluation. A linac beam was chopped to match the ring RF bucket. We thought that it would be difficult to measure the position for each pulse; however, the average position could be extracted by introducing a particular device. For the beam injected into the ring, because the linac RF frequency component was diminished due to debunching quickly, one could determine its position in the beginning of the injection period. However, due to rebunching effect the position determination becomes difficult. This problem needs to be resolved.
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MOPAB093	Bunch Phase Measurement for Storage Ring	storage-ring, simulation, experiment, pick-up	341
	Y.M. Zhou, Y.B. Leng, N. Zhang SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China H.J. Chen SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	A bunch-by-bunch phase measurement system has been studied to improve the accuracy of phase measurement. Longitudinal phase information will be retrieved from beam signals picked up from the button electrodes. The signals from four electrodes in the BPM are summed by using a 4-way power driver, by which the effect of the transverse beam offset on the phase measurement can be eliminated. Four samples with fixed time interval (typical 100ps) for each bunch, which are taken by a 500MHz waveform recorder with a four channels signal splitting and delaying network, will be used to calculate bunch phase. In this paper, we present the layout of the system and primary experimental results.
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MOPAB113	Usage of the Transverse Damper Observation Box for High Sampling Rate Transverse Position Data in the LHC	diagnostics, impedance, pick-up, operation	389
	L.R. Carver, X. Buffat, A.C. Butterworth, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, G. Kotzian, K.S.B. Li, E. Métral, M. Ojeda Sandonís, M.E. Söderén, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The transverse damper observation box (ADTObsBox) is a device that makes accessible the bunch-by-bunch turn-by-turn data recorded from the pickups of the LHC transverse damper. This device can provide online transient analysis of different beam dynamics effects (tunes and damping times at injection, for example), while also under development is an online coherent instability triggering system. This paper will provide an overview of the current setup and plans for future upgrades, as well as detailing how it deals with the large volume of data being generated. The results of some analysis that rely on the ADTObsBox will also be shown.
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MOPAB117	Online Bunch by Bunch Transverse Instability Detection in LHC	operation, pick-up, network, feedback	397
	M.E. Söderén, G. Kotzian, M. Ojeda Sandonís, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Reliable detection of developing transverse instabilities in the Large Hadron Collider is one of the main operational challenges of the LHC's high intensity proton run. A full machine snapshot provided from the moment of instability is a crucial input to develop and fine tune instability models. The transverse feedback system (ADT) is the only instrument in LHC, where a full rate bunch by bunch transverse position information is available. Together with a sub-micron resolution it makes it a perfect place to detect transverse beam motion. Very large amounts of data, at very high data rates (8 Gb/s) need to be processed on the fly to detect onset of transverse instability. A very powerful computer system (so called ADTObsBox) was developed and put into operation by the CERN RF group, which is capable of processing the full rate data streams from ADT and perform an on the fly instability detection. The output of this system is a timing event with a list of all bunches developing instability, which is then sent to the LHC-wide instability trigger network to freeze other observation instruments. The device also provides buffers with raw position data for offline analysis.
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MOPAB122	Fast Bunch by Bunch Tune Measurements at the CERN PS	betatron, proton, synchrotron, operation	415
	P. Zisopoulos, M. Gąsior, M. Serluca, G. Sterbini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) is a crucial component of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector complex. The PS role is to provide beams of high brightness and with the required time structure. In this paper, we present the results of bunch-by-bunch tune measurements by using turn-by-turn transverse beam position monitors (BPMs). The data from different BPMs are combined together to allow fast and accurate tune measurements for each bunch. The obtained results are compared with the present PS tune-meter system and the specific advantages and limits of this technique are commented and exemplified.
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MOPAB154	Measurement of Proton Transverse Emittance in the Brookhaven AGS	emittance, dipole, flattop, proton	494
	H. Huang, L. Ahrens, C.W. Dawson, C.E. Harper, C. Liu, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, V. Schoefer, S. Tepikian, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. High luminosity and high polarization in RHIC require good control and measurement of emittance in its injector, the Brookhaven AGS. In the past, the AGS emittance has been measured by using an ion collecting IPM during the whole cycle. The beam profiles from this IPM are distorted by space charge forces at higher energy, which makes the emittance determination very hard. The effect has been measured with IPM measurement at different energies with RF off to mitigate the space charge effect. In addition, helical snake magnets and near integer vertical tune for polarized proton operation distort the lattice in the AGS and introduce large beta beating. For more precise measurements of the emittance, we need turn-by-turn (TBT) measurements near injection and beta function measurements at the IPM. The AGS has also been modeled to get the beta functions at the locations of IPM. A new type of electron collecting IPM has been installed and tested in the AGS with proton beam. The vertical beta functions at the IPM locations have been measured with a local corrector near the IPM. This paper summarizes our current understanding of AGS emittances and plans for the further improvements.
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MOPIK018	Micro-Scale Electron Beam Generation Using Pyroelectric Crystals	electron, acceleration, laser, diagnostics	538
	R.B. Yoder, Z. Kabilova Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
	Novel laser-powered acceleration structures currently under development, which have dimensions comparable to optical wavelengths and can be constructed on a silicon wafer, require injection of a sub-micron-scale electron bunch to achieve high-quality, monoenergetic output beams. A potential injection mechanism for such micro-scale beams relies on field emission from a nanotip array, followed by acceleration to near-relativistic energies. We demonstrate field emission of electrons from a lithium niobate crystal during heating and cooling, and describe the production of electrons within a hollow channel along the axis of a lithium niobate crystal. Measurements of emitted beam properties are compared with direct measurements of crystal fields under comparable conditions and modeled mathematically.
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MOPIK032	Commissioning of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS	ion, ion-source, plasma, operation	570
	L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Maugeri, L. Neri, F. Noto, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy
	At INFN-LNS the commissioning of the AISHa superconducting ECRIS started in November 2016. Highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility are the most important features for the ongoing commissioning. In this work, we will show the preliminary results of a parametric study on the extracted current/beam in order to minimize the emittance and increase the brightness taking advantage by its hybrid magnetic system and by a fine frequency tuning system.
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MOPIK034	The New High Field Injection Septum Magnet System for Main Ring of J-PARC	septum, operation, power-supply, flattop	576
	T. Shibata, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	We are improving the Main Ring (MR) for beam power of 750 kw which is the first goal of J-PARC. The repetition period of the fast extraction must be short to 1.3 second from the current period of 2.48 second for the improvement of the beam power. We exchanged a injection septum magnet which are located at the injection line from RCS to MR and its power supply in summer of 2016. It was necessary to exchange, because the previous injection septum system can not be operated with 1.3 second repetition. The development of the new injection septum magnet and its power supply in which the maximum repetition are 1Hz and the order od the leakage field are 10^-4 of the gap field were completed in 2016. In this presentation, we will report the final results of its performance, e.g. the magnetic fields and stability of the output current and field, and the beam performance after installation in MR with the new injection magnet.
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MOPIK035	New Injection Scheme of J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron	proton, operation, synchrotron, shielding	579
	K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, J. Kamiya, P.K. Saha, T. Takayanagi, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan N. Miki, O. Takeda Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
	The 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) aims to deliver 1-MW proton beam to the neutron target and Main Ring synchrotron (MR). Present beam power of RCS is up to 500-kW and the higher radiation doses were concentrated in the injection area. These activations were caused by the interaction between the foil and the beam. To reduce the worker dose near the injection point, we have studied new design of the injection scheme to secure enough space for radiation shielding and bellows. In the new system, two of four injection pulse bump magnets are replaced and we are able to ensure the additional 500 mm space at the injection foil .
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MOPIK041	Commissioning of the Stripping Foil Units for the Upgrade of the PSB H⁻ Injection System	linac, controls, electron, vacuum	595
	C. Bracco, S. Burger, V. Forte, B. Goddard, G. Guidoboni, L.O. Jorat, B. Mikulec, A. Navarro Fernandez, R. Noulibos, F. Roncarolo, P. Van Trappen, W.J.M. Weterings CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The PSB will be extensively upgraded during the next long shutdown of the CERN accelerator complex, to double the brightness of the stored beams. The existing multi-turn injection will be replaced by a charge exchange system designed for the 160 MeV hydrogen ions provided by Linac4. Part of the injection equipment has been temporarily installed along the Linac4-to-PSB transfer line and tested with beam. This allowed to gain experience with the system, test the related diagnostics and benchmark calculations with measurements. An additional permanent stripping foil test stand is also installed right after the Linac and will be used to characterise new foils for possible future applications. The main outcomes, issues and applied or planned mitigations are presented for both installations.
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MOPIK042	Beam-Based Kicker Waveform Measurements Using Long Bunches	kicker, flattop, emittance, proton	599
	V. Forte, W. Bartmann, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, M.A. Fraser, L. Sermeus CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The increased bunch length demanded by the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project to mitigate emittance growth from space-charge on the PS injection plateau puts strong constraints on the rise-times of the recombination kickers in the transfer lines between the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) and the Proton Synchrotron (PS). A beam-based technique has been developed to validate the waveforms of the recombination kickers. In this paper high-resolution measurements are presented by extracting the intra-bunch deflection along bunches with lengths comparable to or longer than the rise-time of the kicker being probed. The methodology has been successfully applied to the three vertical recombination kickers named BT1. KFA10, BT4. KFA10 and BT2. KFA20, and benchmarked with direct measurements of the kicker field made using a magnetic field probe. This paper describes the beam-based technique, summarises the main characteristics of the measured waveforms, such as rise-time and flat-top ripple, and estimates their impact on beam brightness.
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MOPIK043	Beam-Based Waveform Measurements of the CERN PS Injection Kicker	kicker, flattop, impedance, timing	603
	V. Forte, W. Bartmann, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L.M.C. Feliciano, A. Ferrero Colomo, M.A. Fraser, T. Kramer, L. Sermeus CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, a beam-based technique has been developed for measuring the waveform the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) horizontal injection kicker, named KFA45. The technique avoids the need for tedious magnetic measurements, especially when a spare magnet is presently unavailable and measuring the operational magnet with a magnetic field probe is complicated by integration reasons. In this paper, the technique and results of the waveform measurements are summarised. The results already provide additional information in terms of waveform characterisation for the validation of numerical simulations and are of great interest for the future LIU performance upgrade.
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MOPIK047	Commissioning and Results of the Half-Sector Test Installation with 160 MeV H⁻ beam from Linac4	linac, operation, proton, vacuum	619
	B. Mikulec, D. Aguglia, J.C. Allica Santamaria, C. Baud, C. Bracco, S. Burger, G. Guidoboni, L.O. Jorat, C. Martin, A. Navarro Fernandez, R. Noulibos, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, J. Tan, T. Todorcevic, P. Van Trappen, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN in 2019/20, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will undergo a profound upgrade in the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project involving also the connection to the new Linac4 injector. The 160 MeV Linac4 H' injection entails a complete replacement of the PSB injection section, including a stripping foil system, injection chicane, an H⁰/H' dump and novel beam instrumentation. The equivalent of half of this new injection chicane was temporarily installed in the Linac4 transfer line to evaluate the performance of the equipment and prepare controls, interlocks and applications for the connection. Outcomes of this so-called Half-Sector Test (HST) are presented in this paper.
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MOPIK059	Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations of Combined 7BA-6BA Lattices for the Future Upgrade of SOLEIL	emittance, lattice, dipole, sextupole	659
	A. Loulergue, P. Brunelle, H.C. Chao, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Previous MBA studies converged to a combination of 7BA and 6BA structures, in terms of the target horizontal emittance of below 300 pm-rad, where the effect of anti-bends, dipole field values, and straight section lengths were investigated. Inspired by the successful lattice designs elsewhere adopting the interleaved sextupole scheme with dispersion bumps originally developed at the ESRF, the 7BA-6BA structures adopting this scheme are studied in details in parallel to those without it. The former aims at the horizontal emittance in the 200-300 pm-rad range with on and off-momentum dynamic acceptances sufficiently large for off-axis injection and good Touschek lifetime. The latter pursues the lower bound of the reachable horizontal emittance with quadrupole and sextupole strengths in the feasible range with maximum dynamic acceptance. The option of non-standard on-axis injection such as displacing the injected beam longitudinally is envisaged for the latter solutions. In both lattices, the numerical search using MOGA-based codes is employed extensively. The studies focus on the impact of linear optics and straight section lengths on the off-momentum and nonlinear properties.
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MOPIK063	Non-Linear Kickers Using Eddy Current Screens and Application to the ESRF	kicker, sextupole, storage-ring, flattop	670
	S.M. White, M. Dubrulle, L. Farvacque, P. Henrissat, G. Le Bec, E. Plouviez, P. Raimondi, C. Richard ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The ESRF storage ring injection and accumulation is performed using standard 4-kickers bump and septum magnet. Sextupoles are located within the injection bump leading to significant bump non-closure during the ramp-up and ramp-down and optics distorsion for both stored and injected beam. Introducing non-linearities in the kickers allows for compensation of the perturbation from these sextupoles. We report on the feasibility of adding eddy current screens to a standard kicker magnet design to generate a non-linear field and its recent application to mitigate the injection perturbations at the ESRF.
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MOPIK067	Figure-8 Storage Ring - Ion Beam Injection into a Closed, Magnetic System	detector, experiment, storage-ring, ion	680
	H. Niebuhr, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	To store high current low-energetic ion beams of up to 10 A, a superconducting storage ring (F8SR) based on solenoidal and toroidal magnetic guiding fields is investigated at Frankfurt University. Besides simulations, a scaled down experimental setup with normalconducting magnets was built. Investigations of beam injection into closed, magnetic guiding fields are in progress. Therefore, a new kind of injection system consisting of a solenoidal injection coil and a special vacuum vessel was constructed. It is used to inject a hydrogen beam from the side between two toroidal magnets. In parallel operation, a second hydrogen beam is transported through both magnets to represent the circulating beam. The current status of the experimental setup and first experimental results will be shown.
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MOPIK071	Dispersion and Beam Optic Parameter Measurements in the Transport Line (E-Weg) from DESY II to PETRA III	emittance, optics, quadrupole, synchrotron	692
	G.K. Sahoo, K. Balewski, H. Ehrlichmann, J. Keil, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The transport line E-Weg extends from the extraction septum in DESY II to the injection septum in PETRA III, and transports electrons at a beam energy of 6.0 GeV. It consists of 3 parts. The first part is in DESY tunnel, the second part is a long drift space in a slanted tube and the third part is in PETRA III tunnel. The vertical plane difference between the tunnels is 1.28 m. The optics was derived from initial values at Transfer Point (UGP) from a previous optics. The total length of the transfer line is about 203 m. Ten screen monitors are used to estimate the profiles of the beam spot for the optics measurements, while 8 BPMs, mostly adjacent to the screens, are used to compare and control the orbits. Two scrapers are installed on either side of the long drift space to trim the beam dimensions in transverse plane. Two FCTs are used to measure the beam current and transfer efficiency. The transverse dispersion and beta functions are measured by extracting the beam from DESY at different energies and analysing the beam profiles at the screen as well as positions at BPMs. The details of such measurements are reported in this paper.
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MOPIK079	The Off-Axis Injection Lattice Design of HEPS Storage Ring	lattice, dynamic-aperture, storage-ring, multipole	716
	Y.M. Peng, D. Ji, Y. Jiao, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang, G. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The dynamic aperture size determines the injection scheme to a large extent. The aim of storage ring design of HEPS is to achieve ultralow emittances on both transverse planes. This will bring very strong lattice nonlinearities. The present nominal design is a hybrid 7BA design with effective dynamic aperture of about 3 mm both in horizontal and vertical plane. Due to the restriction of dynamic aperture of this lattice, on-axis injection is the only choice . But, on-axis injection will bring a very big challenge for injector or injection kicker, if it is feasible to obtain a large dynamic aperture, off-axis injection is a favoured choice. In this paper, we will show the preliminary study of the lattice design with a sufficient dynamic aperture for pulsed multipole injection..
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MOPIK103	Operation with Carbon Stripping Foils at ISIS	electron, operation, synchrotron, emittance	771
	H.V. Cavanagh, B. Jones STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a pulsed neutron and muon source for physical and life science research. Up to 3·10¹³ protons per pulse are accelerated to 800 MeV in the 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron that serves two spallation neutron targets. Charge exchange injection of 70 MeV H' ions into the synchrotron takes place over 130 turns. For over 30 years ISIS has used 40×120 mm aluminium oxide stripping foils, produced in-house [1]. Recently, foil preparation and installation processes have been simplified with the use of commercially available 40×60 mm carbon stripping foils. This paper summarises operational experiences with diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and graphene foils. Radiological analysis, atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging of foils and off-line irradiation with a 1.5 keV electron gun are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK103
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MOPIK104	Top-Up Injection With Anti-Septum	septum, kicker, simulation, storage-ring	774
	C.H. Gough, M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	We present a novel improvement for injection into the very restricted machine aperture of future light source synchrotrons. A conventional injection scheme is based on a septum to deflect the injected bunch plus a fast pulsed three or four kicker bump to bring the stored beam close to the septum wall. With the novel improvement, the bump kickers are fitted with a thin wall longitudinal metal plate which screens the injected bunch from deflection without changing the stored beam bump behaviour. This metal screen then forms the final septum, but inverted in function of the conventional approach, hence the name anti-septum. The approach does not remove the need for the main septum magnet, but for modest cost it permits the injected bunch to be brought closer to the stored beam. Application of the anti-septum to the SLS-2 project and simulation results on a prototype are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK104
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MOPIK105	Preliminary Study of Injection Transients in TPS Storage Ring	septum, vacuum, kicker, storage-ring	777
	C.H. Chen, B.Y. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.-C. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, Y.-C. Liu, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	An optimized injection efficiency is related to a perfect match between the pulsed magnetic fields in the storage ring and transfer line extraction in the TPS. However, misalignment errors, hardware output errors and leakage fields are unavoidable. We study the influence of injection transients on the stored TPS beam and discuss solutions to compensate these. Related simulations and measurements will be presented.
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MOPIK107	Injection Efficiency Simulation in the Electron Storage Ring of X-Ray Generator NESTOR	storage-ring, electron, alignment, simulation	784
	A.Y. Zelinsky, P. Gladkikh, A.A. Kalamayko NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
	In the paper the results of the beam dynamics and injection efficiency simulation in the storage ring of the X-ray generator NESTOR are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK107
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MOPIK124	A New Method to Tune the Nonlinear Lattice Online	lattice, sextupole, betatron, focusing	828
	W. Guo, Y. Hidaka, X. Yang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Most nonlinear lattice tuning methods use only part of the optimization constraints, for example, part of the driving terms, nonlinear detuning, lifetime or injection efficiency. Even though some of the nonlinear properties can be improved, it is not guaranteed the nonlinear lattice is fully optimized. In this paper we propose to optimize the nonlinear lattice by correcting the betatron phase advance and detuning of the off-orbit lattices. It is shown that all the leading order optimization constraints are restored in this approach. One advantage of this new method is that the measurement is independent of BPM calibration errors. We succeed in both simulation and experiment in identifying the intentionally added sextupole errors.
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MOPVA020	S2E Simulation of an ERL-Based High-Power EUV-FEL Source for Lithography	FEL, linac, electron, simulation	894
	N. Nakamura, R. Kato, T. Miyajima, M. Shimada KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Hajima QST, Tokai, Japan T. Hotei Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	An energy recovery linac(ERL)-based free electron laser(FEL) is a possible candidate of a high-power EUV source for lithography. The ERL can provide a high-current and high-quality electron beam for the high-power FEL and also greatly reduce the dumped beam power and activation compared to ordinary linacs. An ERL-based EUV-FEL source has been designed using available technologies and resources. For this design, we perform Start-to-End(S2E) simulation from the electron gun to the exit of the decelerating main linac to track the electron beam parameters and to evaluate the FEL performance. The electron bunches from the injector are off-crest accelerated to 800 MeV and compressed in the 1st arc and/or chicane to obtain a high-peak current for high FEL output. After the undulator section for SASE FEL, they are decompressed in the 2nd arc and then decelerated in the main linac to optimize the energy spread or the energy recovery efficiency. This paper will present the S2E simulation for the designed EUV-FEL source. N. Nakamura et al., Proc. of ERL2015, Stony Brook, NY, USA, pp.4-9.
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MOPVA029	Conceptual Design of a Pre-Booster Ring for the FCC e⁺e⁻ Injector	emittance, booster, extraction, damping	917
	O. Etisken, A.K. Çiftçi Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The FCC-ee injector complex needs to produce and to transport a high-intensity e⁺/e⁻ beam at a fast repetition rate of about 0.1 Hz for topping up the collider at its collision energy. A basic parameter set exists for all the collider energies, assuming a 10 GeV linac operating with a large number of bunches being accumulated in the existing SPS, which serves as pre-accelerator and damping ring before the bunches are transferred to the high-energy booster. The purpose of this study is to provide the conceptual design of an alternative accelerator ring, replacing the SPS in the present scheme. This ring will have injection energy of around 5 GeV and extraction energy of around 20 GeV. Apart from establishing the basic parameters of the ring, the study work will include the optics design and layout, single particle linear and non-linear dynamics optimization, including magnetic and alignment error tolerances. The study will also contain some basic estimation of collective effects and address the issue of synchrotron radiation handling.
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MOPVA079	A 166.6 MHz Superconducting RF System for the HEPS Storage Ring	cavity, HOM, LLRF, SRF	1049
	P. Zhang, H.X. Hao, T.M. Huang, Z.Q. Li, H.Y. Lin, F. Meng, Z.H. Mi, Y. Sun, G.W. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, X.Y. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: This work has been supported by HEPS-TF project and partly by Pioneer 'Hundred Talents Program' of Chinese Academy of Science. A superconducting 166.6 MHz quarter-wave β=1 cavity was recently proposed for the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a 6 GeV kilometer-scale light source. Four 166.6 MHz cavities will be used for main acceleration in the newly planned on-axis beam injection scheme realized by a double-frequency RF system. The fundamental frequency, 166.6 MHz, was dictated by the fast injection kicker technology and the preference of using 499.8 MHz SC RF cavity as the third harmonic. Each 166.6 MHz cavity will be operated at 4.2 K providing 1.2 MV accelerating voltage and 150 kW of power to the electron beam. The input coupler will use single-window coaxial type graded up to 200 kW CW power. Each cavity will be equipped with a 200 kW solid-state amplifier and digital low-level RF system. This paper will describe the 166.6 MHz RF system with a focus on the design and optimization of the RF cavity and its ancillaries, the LLRF system and the status of the solid-state amplifiers.
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MOPVA145	Improvements on CNAO Accelerator for Ocular Treatments	extraction, proton, acceleration, synchrotron	1194
	L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
	Ocular melanoma has been successfully treated worldwide since many years using proton beams. CNAO is the only Italian hadrontherapy facility able to treat tumours with both proton and carbon ion high-energy scanning beams accelerated by a synchrotron; the machine was commissioned in 2011 and more than 1000 patients have been treated so far. With respect to the othercases, , ocular melanoma treatment needed important changes both under the medical physics and machine physics points of view. The main goal of this work is to describe the changes in the machine set up to increase the proton current by a factor of 5, this task representing a sort of recommissioning of the synchrotron.
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TUOBA2	Commissioning of the MYRRHA Low Energy Beam Transport Line and Space Charge Compensation Experiments	rfq, solenoid, proton, emittance	1226
	F. Bouly, M.A. Baylac, D. Bondoux LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J. Belmans, D. Vandeplassche Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d'Étude de l'énergie Nucléaire (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium N. Chauvin, F. Gérardin CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Atomic Energy Community's (EURATOM) H2020 Programme under grant agreement n°662186 (MYRTE project). The MYRRHA project aims at the construction of a new research reactor in Mol (Belgium) to demonstrate the nuclear waste transmutation feasibility with an Accelerator Driven System (ADS). In its subcritical configuration, the MYRRHA facility requires a proton beam with a maximum power of 2.4 MW (600 MeV - 4 mA). Such a continuous wave beam will be delivered by a superconducting linear accelerator (linac) which must fulfil very stringent reliability requirements to ensure the safe ADS operation with a high level of availability. The linac injector will be composed of: a proton source, a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), a 176 MHz RFQ and CH-DTL cavities. The LEBT prototype has been built and is presently installed and operated at LPSC Grenoble (France). An experimental program, to optimise the tuning of the line, the beam transport, and to study the space charge compensation mechanism, is in progress. We here review the main achievements of the LEBT commissioning. Experimental results will be presented and discussed, in particular the influence of the residual gas (type and pressure) on the beam dynamics.
	Slides TUOBA2 [3.929 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUOBA2
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TUOBA3	Strain and Temperature Measurements From the SNS Mercury Target Vessel During High Intensity Beam Pulses	target, simulation, radiation, data-acquisition	1230
	W. Blokland, Y. Liu, B.W. Riemer, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Scientific User Facilities. To better understand the mechanical impact of the proton beam on the lifetime on Spallation Neutron Source (SNS*) mercury-filled, stainless steel targets, these targets are now instrumented with optical and metal strain sensors, temperature sensors, and accelerometers. The strain and temperature sensors are placed inside the target vessel, between the water shroud and mercury vessel, while the accelerators are placed outside on the target mount and on the mercury return line. We now have data from four targets. The first instrumented target used regular multimode optical sensors, while later targets have used radhard multimode sensors. We are also developing super-radhard single-mode optical strain sensors to get data further into the production cycle. In this paper, we describe the data-acquisition system, compare the measured strain to the simulated strain for the different targets, estimate the survivable radiation level for each type of sensor, and discuss the implications of the results on the lifetime of the target.
	Slides TUOBA3 [37.266 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUOBA3
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TUOAB3	Development of Wide Dynamic Range Beam Loss Monitor System for the J-PARC Main Ring	detector, operation, beam-losses, extraction	1248
	K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama, S. Yamada J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan S.Y. Yoshida Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan
	The new beam loss monitor (BLM) system now in operation at the main ring of J-PARC consists of an isolated front-end current to voltage converter, a VME-based 24 bit ADC system. A dual detector system employs a proportional-type gas chamber (PBLM) and an air-filled ionization chamber (AIC). The system shows a wide dynamic range of 160 dB. It can detect the low level signal that would arise in the case of the detection of residual dose in the ring itself after the beam has been turned off as well as an event such as high level beam loss at the collimators. The signal rise time of the waveform obtained is 17 us which fast enough to meet the speed requirement of the Machine Protection System (MPS); which is that the MPS should dump the beam within 100 us when the beam loss signal exceeds the reference levels set in the ADC system.
	Slides TUOAB3 [2.692 MB]
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TUYB1	First Measurements of Trojan Horse Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator	plasma, laser, electron, wakefield	1252
	B. Hidding, A. Beaton, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, A. Sutherland, D. Ullmann USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom E. Adli, C.A. Lindstrøm University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway E. Adli, S.J. Gessner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Andonian, A. Deng, J.B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA G. Andonian RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA A. Beaton, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, A. Sutherland, D. Ullmann Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom D.L. Bruhwiler RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA J.R. Cary Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA C.I. Clarke, S.Z. Green, M.J. Hogan, B.D. O'Shea, V. Yakimenko SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA M. Downer, R. Zgadzaj The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA T. Heinemann, A. Knetsch DESY, Hamburg, Germany T. Heinemann, G. Wittig University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany O.S. Karger University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany M.D. Litos Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA J.D.A. Smith TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515. Plasma accelerators support accelerating fields of 100's of GV/m over meter-scale distances and routinely produce femtosecond-scale, multi-kA electron bunches. The so called Trojan Horse underdense photocathode plasma wakefield acceleration scheme combines state-of-the-art accelerator technology with laser and plasma methods and paves the way to improve beam quality as regards emittance and energy spread by many orders of magnitude. Electron beam brightness levels exceeding 10²⁰ Am^-2 rad^-2 may be reached, and the tunability allows for multi-GeV energies, designer bunches and energy spreads <0.05% in a single plasma accelerator stage. The talk will present results of the international E210 multi-year experimental program at SLAC FACET, which culminated in successful first demonstration of the Trojan Horse method during FACET's final experimental run in 2016. Enabling implications for applications, including high performance plasma-based 5th generation light sources such as hard x-ray FEL's, for which start-to-end simulations are presented, and for high energy physics are discussed.
	Slides TUYB1 [19.089 MB]
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TUPAB004	Progress of 7-GeV SuperKEKB Injector Linac Upgrade and Commissioning	positron, gun, linac, electron	1300
	K. Furukawa, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, H. Ego, A. Enomoto, Y. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funahashi, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, M. Kawamura, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, M. Nishida, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, F. Qiu, I. Satake, D. Satoh, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, A. Shirakawa, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, N. Toge, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, R. Zhang, X. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK injector linac has delivered electrons and positrons for particle physics and photon science experiments for more than 30 years. It is being upgraded for the SuperKEKB project, which aims at a 40-fold increase in luminosity over the previous project KEKB, in order to increase our understanding of new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. SuperKEKB asymmetric electron and positron collider with its extremely high luminosity requires a high current, low emittance and low energy spread injection beam from the injector. Electron beams will be generated by a new type of RF gun, that will provide a much higher beam current to correspond to a large stored beam current and a short lifetime in the ring. The positron source is another major challenge that enhances the positron bunch intensity from 1 to 4 nC by increasing the positron capture efficiency, and the positron beam emittance is reduced from 2000 micron to 20 micron in the vertical plane by introducing a damping ring, followed by the bunch compressor and energy compressor. The recent status of the upgrade and beam commissioning is reported.
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TUPAB009	Design Study on CEPC Positron Damping Ring and Bunch Compressor	damping, linac, positron, emittance	1318
	D. Wang, Y.L. Chi, J. Gao, X.P. Li, C. Meng, J.R. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China G. Pei Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The primary purpose of CEPC damping ring is to reduce the transverse phase spaces of positron beam to suitably small value at the beginning of Linac and also adjust the time structure of positron beam for reinjection into the Linac. Longitudinal bunch length control was provided to minimize wake field effects in the Linac by a bunch compressor system after the damping ring. Both designs for damping ring and bunch compressor were discussed in this paper.
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TUPAB011	Beam Dynamics Simulation in Two Versions of New Photogun for FCC-ee Electron Injector Linac	linac, simulation, electron, beam-loading	1326
	S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. The project includes three modes: ee, hh and eh interactions for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2-14 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Injector linac should provide two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. Two possible schemes of photogun are comprised and results of beam dynamics simulation in both FCC-ee injection linac photoguns are discussed.
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TUPAB062	Single Dipole Kicker Injection Into the Sesame Storage Ring	kicker, dipole, septum, storage-ring	1463
	K. Manukyan, I.A. Abid, M. Attal, M. Ebbeni, E. Huttel SESAME, Allan, Jordan
	SESAME (Synchrotron Radiation Light Source in Allan, Jordan) consists of an 800 MeV injector (original from BESSY I, Berlin, Germany) and a 2.5 GeV storage ring. Extraction out of the Booster is done by means of a bumper, a delay-line kicker, and a direct driven in-vacuum septum. This paper will present the injection procedure into the storage ring. Simulations of the injection process are compared to the results obtained during commissioning
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TUPAB063	High Energy Transport Line Design for the HEPS Project	booster, storage-ring, extraction, quadrupole	1466
	Y.Y. Guo, Z. Duan, Y. Jiao, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a kilometer-scale storage ring light source with the energy of 6GeV is to be built in China. For the injection scheme of the stor-age ring, on-axis injection is the baseline scheme. To simultaneously accommodate on-axis accumulation and swap-out injection schemes, we designed two high energy transport lines. In this paper we will report the detailed design of these two transport lines, including the layout and lattice design.
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TUPAB065	The Progress of HEPS Booster Design	booster, lattice, storage-ring, emittance	1472
	Y.M. Peng, Z. Duan, Y.Y. Guo, D. Ji, Y. Jiao, S.K. Tian, G. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a kilometre-scale, ultralow-emittance storage ring light source, is to be built in Beijing, China. For HEPS, a full energy booster synchrotron operating at a frequency of 2Hz is considered. In this paper, we will report the progress of the lattice design and physics studies on HEPS booster, containing the injection consideration, ramping process, error studies, and so on.
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TUPAB080	Considerations of the HALS Injection System and a New Non-linear Kicker Design	kicker, accumulation, multipole, lattice	1503
	L. Shang, W. Liu, Y. Lu, F.L. Shang, Z.B. Sun USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2016YFA0402000(2016YFA0402002) Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) is a newly designed diffraction-limited synchrotron radiation source with an energy of 2GeV and a natural emittance of 18.4 pm. A project to build test facility of this new light source has been approved and funded in 2017. Among many key subsystems, the injection system of HALS is a very important one. Both on-axis swap out, on-axis longitudinal accumulation and off-axis single multipole kicker injection are considered. For on-axis fast kicker injection, basic parameters of the system are given. Layout of kickers and septums are presented. For off-axis multipole injection, non-linear kickers (NLK) draw much attention in recent years, various studies have been carried out in many laboratories. But it suffered from low injection efficiency and has not been used in routine operation. In this paper, we propose a new ferrite-loaded non-linear kicker (FNLK) and a prototype FNLK has been developed and tested. Compared to the air bus design of NLK, the FNLK not only improves the flat region of magnetic field but also reduce the error sensitivity of bars' position.
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TUPAB099	Status of MAX IV Linac Beam Commissioning and Performance	linac, gun, storage-ring, sextupole	1547
	S. Thorin, J. Andersson, M. Brandin, F. Curbis, L. Isaksson, M. Kotur, D. Kumbaro, F. Lindau, E. Mansten, D. Olsson, R. Svärd, S. Werin MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden J. Björklund Svensson Lund University, Division of Atomic Physics, Lund, Sweden
	The MAX IV linac is used both for full energy injection into two storage rings at 3 GeV and 1.5 GeV, and as a high brightness driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). The linac has also been designed to handle the high demands of an FEL injector. The linac is now routinely injecting into the two storage rings, and commissioning work is focused towards delivering high brightness pulses to the SPF. In this paper we present results from characterisation of the linac in ring injection mode, as well as results from measurements of key parameters for the SPF such as bunch length and emittance.
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TUPAB109	Study on Injection with Pulsed Multipole Magnet for SPS Storage Ring	multipole, kicker, operation, storage-ring	1573
	T. Pulampong, P. Klysubun, P. Sudmuang, P. Sunwong SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	Pulsed multipole magnet (PM) has zero magnetic field at the centre, therefore it introduces no perturbation to the stored beam. It has been demonstrated that this injection scheme is able to minimise the oscillation of the stored beam, and thus make it suitable for top-up operation. To investigate the suitability of employing this injection method at Siam Photon Source, PM was modelled and optimised for best performance using particle tracking based method. This work presents injection optimisation process with PM considering various constraints such as position of injected beam, injection conditions, and effects of installed IDs.
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TUPAB121	Bench Measurements and Beam Tests of a Prototype Stripline Kicker for Swap-Out Injection in the ALS-U	kicker, impedance, vacuum, alignment	1599
	S. De Santis, J.M. Byrd, T.H. Luo, G.C. Pappas, C. Steier, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The ALS upgrade to a diffraction-limited light source (ALS-U Project) relies on a swap-out injection scheme, where the circulating current is maintained constant by injecting on-axis fresh bunch trains, replacing old trains, which are simultaneously extracted. The realization of a stripline kicker to perform such an operation presents several challenges in terms of optimal matching to the pulser, contributions to the beam coupling impedance, and dissipation of the power deposited by the stored beam. To test our design choices for the ALS-U kicker, we have built and installed on the ALS a kicker with characteristics similar to the design for the ALS-U, as the more challenging aspects of the project are concerned. In particular, while the small distance between stripline electrodes reduces the required pulser voltage, the extreme proximity of the circulating beam requires a careful evaluation of the interaction between beam and kicker. In this paper we present the first measurements with beam, after the test kicker installation, together with the results of bench measurements performed on a cold model and computer simulations.
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TUPIK006	FLASHForward - A Future-Oriented Wakefield-Accelerator Research and Development Facility at FLASH	plasma, electron, laser, diagnostics	1692
	R.T.P. D'Arcy, A. Aschikhin, C. Behrens, S. Bohlen, J. Dale, L. Di Lucchio, M. Felber, B. Foster, L. Goldberg, J.-N. Gruse, Z. Hu, G. Indorg, S. Karstensen, O. S. Kononenko, V. Libov, K. Ludwig, A. Martinez de la Ossa, F. Marutzky, T.J. Mehrling, P. Niknejadi, J. Osterhoff, P. Pourmoussavi, M. Quast, J.-H. Röckemann, L. Schaper, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, S. Schröder, J.-P. Schwinkendorf, B. Sheeran, G.E. Tauscher, J. Thesinga, V. Wacker, S. Weichert, S. Wesch, S. Wunderlich, J. Zemella DESY, Hamburg, Germany B. Foster, T.J. Mehrling University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany A. Knetsch University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany C.A.J. Palmer, M.J.V. Streeter Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	Funding: Helmholtz ARD program and the VH-VI-503 FLASHForward is a beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration facility, currently under construction at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), aiming at the stable generation of electron beams of several GeV with small energy spread and emittance. High-quality 1 GeV-class electron beams from the free-electron laser FLASH will act as the wake driver. The setup will allow studies of external injection as well as density-downramp injection. With a triangular-shaped driver beam electron energies of up to 5 GeV from a few centimeters of plasma can be anticipated. Particle-In-Cell simulations are used to assess the feasibility of each technique and to predict properties of the accelerated electron bunches. In this contribution the current status of FLASHForward, along with recent experimental developments and upcoming scientific plans, will be reviewed.
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TUPIK009	External Injection Into a Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerator With Sub-Femtosecond Timing Jitter	plasma, laser, electron, acceleration	1699
	A. Ferran Pousa, R.W. Aßmann, R. Brinkmann, A. Martinez de la Ossa DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Martinez de la Ossa University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
	The use of external injection in plasma acceleration is attractive due to the high control over the electron beam parameters, which can be tailored to meet the plasma requirements and therefore preserve its quality during acceleration. However, using this technique requires an extremely fine synchronization between the driver and witness beams. In this paper, we present a new scheme for external injection in a laser-driven plasma accelerator that would allow, for the first time, sub-femtosecond timing jitter between laser pulse and electron beam.
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TUPIK024	Study of High Transformer Ratio Plasma Wakefield Acceleration for Accelerator Parameters of SXFEL Using 3D PIC Simulations	plasma, simulation, acceleration, wakefield	1734
	S. Huang, J.F. Hua, F. Li, W. Lu, C.H. Pai, Y. Wan, Y.P. Wu, S.Y. Zhou TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. An, C. Joshi, W.B. Mori, X.L. Xu UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.X. Deng, B. Liu, D. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.T. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	High transformer ratio (HTR) Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA) based on shaped electron bunches is an important topic of plasma wakefield acceleration for future light sources and colliders [1]. To explore the possibility of implementing PWFA at SXFEL, we performed 3D PIC simulations using shaped electron beam parameters obtained by start-to-end beam line simulations [2]. The PIC simulations show that an average transformer ratio around 4 can be maintained for about 10 cm long low density plasma, and the energy gain of the trailing bunch eventually reaches 5.9 GeV. Simulations and analysis are also performed to check the effects of transverse beam size on HTR acceleration. In addition, plasma density downramp injection has also been tested as a possible high brightness injection method for HTR acceleration, and preliminary results will be presented. [] Lu W, An W, Huang C, et al. High Transformer ratio PWFA for Applications on XFELs. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009, 54. [*] Z. Wang, Z. T. Zhao, et al. private communication
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TUPIK036	Use of Laser Wakefield Accelerators as Injectors for Compact Storage Rings	laser, electron, storage-ring, emittance	1760
	K.A. Dewhurst, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom B.D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom B.D. Muratori Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work is funded by the STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council). Compact storage rings require a compact acceleration solution. We propose the use of a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) as an injector for compact electron storage rings to produce synchrotron radiation. In particular, we study the injection of 0.7 GeV and 3 GeV electrons into the DIAMOND storage ring and consider implications for future storage ring design. Whilst laser-based acceleration is well-known as a driver for future electron-positron colliders and future free-electron lasers, here we propose it is also advantageous to provide electrons for 3rd-generation storage rings. The electron beams produced by LWFAs have a naturally very small emittance around 1 nm and moderate energy spread of a few percent. Combining these beam parameters with the compact size of a LWFA makes them highly favourable compared to traditional linac or booster synchrotron injector chains.chains.
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TUPIK043	Upgrade of the Neutron Dose Measurement System at BESSY	neutron, radiation, electron, synchrotron	1781
	K. Ott, Y. Bergmann, M. Martin, L. Pichl HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie and by the Land Berlin Neutron radiation fields at synchrotron light sources are caused by bremsstrahlung from electron losses in accelerator components. Inside the enclosure and in transversal direction neutron and gamma radiation is of the same order of magnitude but high energy neutrons are much more penetrating. This causes outside the shielding neutron spectra with two broad maxima at about 1 MeV and 100 MeV. Standard Anderson-Braun or Leake neutron monitors measure thermalized neutrons in a proportional counter tube by nuclear reactions which limits the measurement range to neutron energies < 10 MeV. This implies two considerable systematic errors: Pulsed neutron beams causes dead-time losses due to the time structure of injections and the moderators are not sufficient to moderate high energy neutrons down to thermal energies. We determined and fixed these measurement errors by faster preamplifiers and by a more effective moderator developed by us, which expands the measurement range up to several GeV. Examples of the application at BESSY are presented.
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TUPIK046	Beam-Based Feedbacks for FAIR - Prototyping at the SIS18	feedback, controls, extraction, proton	1787
	R.J. Steinhagen, J. Fitzek, H.C. Hüther, H. Liebermann, R. Müller, D. Ondreka, H. Reeg, B.R. Schlei, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction, extends and supersedes GSI's existing infrastructure. Its core challenges include the precise control of highest proton and uranium ion beam intensities, the required extreme high vacuum conditions, machine protection and activation issues while providing a high degree of multi-user mode of operation with facility reconfiguration on time-scales of a few times per week. To optimise turn-around times and to establish a safe and reliable machine operation, a comprehensive suite of semi-automated measurement applications, as well as fully-automated beam-based feedbacks will be deployed, covering the control of orbit, Q/Q', spill structure, optics, and other machine parameters. These systems are based on the LSA settings management framework, code-shared with and also used at CERN. The concepts, software architecture and first prototype beam tests at the SIS18 in 2016 are presented. As an initial proof-of-concept, a cycle-to-cycle orbit* and macro-spill feedback, as well as a semi-automated magnetic quadrupole- and sextupole-centre measurement tool have been selected. *results presented in separate contribution
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TUPIK066	Beam Loss Simulation and Radiation Shielding for Top-Off Operation of Hefei Light Source	electron, storage-ring, shielding, simulation	1845
	X. Zhou, J.Y. Li, J.G. Wang, S.W. Wang, W.B. Wu, W. Xu, K. Xuan, Q.B. Zeng USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	The Hefei Light Source (HLS) is undergoing a series of upgrades to prepare for the top-off operation. To ensure radiation safety in the experimental hall under abnormal beam loss, simulations under various system errors in the HLS storage ring are performed to get in-depth understanding of the induced radiation nature. To make the radiation shielding more effective, a beam scraper is used to decrease the aperture opening of the vacuum chamber, and additional shielding is installed around the scraper. Simulation and beam test results are reported in this paper.
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TUPIK088	Development of a New System for Detailed LHC Filling Diagnostics and Statistics	diagnostics, framework, software, controls	1905
	A. Calia, K. Fuchsberger, G.H. Hemelsoet, D. Jacquet CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the CERN accelerator complex the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is used as injector of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Statistics on the injection and beam availability in 2015 showed that too much time is spent at injection. Reducing this time could improve LHC availability and luminosity over the year. Currently, useful data to diagnose the problems is sparse and shown in different applications. Operators time is wasted in debugging and checking for the source of the problem before trying another injection. A new Software application for diagnostics of the LHC Filling is under development which collects data from multiple inputs of the CERN Control System and concentrates them in one central view. The inputs are processed and matched with a set of rules (or assertions) that need to be fulfilled for an injection to be successful. Whenever a problem occurs, the operator can check the Filling Diagnostic for hints on what is the source of the problem during the injection. Filling Diagnostic also produces statistics of the LHC injections and the causes of failed injections, this will allow significantly better analysis of the LHC performance for next year.
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TUPIK102	Introduction of Operating Procedures at TPS	controls, operation, electron, vacuum	1951
	C.S. Huang, B.Y. Chen, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.H. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, W.Y. Lin, Y.-C. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is the latest generation of 3 GeV synchrotron light source which subsystem includes magnet, power supply, vacuum, RF system, insertion device, control system, etc. The operating procedures and checking items are complex. To speed up the machine start-up and shut-down procedures, check the system's status, and prevent misoperation, we summarize the procedures for routine operation and develop the integrated control interface, which concentrates most machine information and control functions into a single window. This interface clearly indicates the machine status and improves operational efficiency.
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TUPIK103	Development of Automatic Turn-on Systems for TPS Machine	operation, linac, controls, booster	1954
	T.Y. Lee, B.Y. Chen, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.C. Liang, W.Y. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been successfully commissioned and has reached now stable operation. Now, the machine must be turned off routinely for week-ly maintenance. While following standard machine turn-on procedures for now, we have developed an automatic turn-on program to accelerate operation, for automatic system status checks and to prevent human errors. The turn-on program process flow includes: turn-on of the LTB (linac to booster transport line), the BTS (booster to storage ring transport line), the SR (storage ring), the BR (booster ring) power supplies and BR&SR pulsers as well as degaussing magnets, turning on the BR&SR RF sys-tems, activating the linac electron source, opening all insertion device (ID) gaps to their parking positions, set-ting all ID phases to zero, controlling all front ends (FEs) and loading the desired machine lattice. Individual pro-cedures can be executed alone depending on the desired practical situation. Experience so far shows, that it takes about 30 minutes to proceed from tunnel safety search to the injection ready state of the light source, including a 20 minute period for magnet degaussing.
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TUPIK116	Injection Bucket Jitter Compensation Using Phase Lock System at Fermilab Booster	booster, controls, extraction, proton	1999
	K. Seiya, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, W. Pellico Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Phase synchronization between Booster extraction and Recycler injection has been done with the phase lock loop at Booster extraction. The phase Lock Loop control rf phase by changing radial position at extraction and it causes ± one bucket error, not phase error at Recycler injection. By switching a mode of operation for the phase lock loop by measuring the extraction gap position, the jitter was eliminated. The beam loss at the Recycler injection was reduced by 20%. Beam studies and the phase lock system will be discussed in this paper.
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TUPIK119	Control of Intra-Bunch Vertical Instabilities at the SPS - Measurements and Technology Demonstration	feedback, controls, kicker, optics	2005
	J.D. Fox, J.E. Dusatko, C.H. Rivetta, O. Turgut SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA H. Bartosik, W. Höfle, K.S.B. Li, E. Métral, B. Salvant, U. Wehrle CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. De Santis LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DOE-AC02-76SF00515, the US LHC Accelerator Research Program ( LARP), the FP7 High Luminosity LHC Project and the US-Japan Cooperative Program in High Energy Physics We present recent measurements demonstrating control of unstable beam motion in single bunch and bunch train configurations at the SPS. The work is motivated by anticipated intensity increases from the LIU and HL-LHC upgrade programs, and has included the development of a GHz bandwidth reconfigurable 4 GS/S signal processor with wideband kickers and associated amplifiers. The system was operated at 3.2GS/s with 16 samples across a 5 ns RF bucket (4.2 ns bunch at injection). The experimental results confirm damping of intra-bunch instabilities in both Q20 and Q26 optics configurations for intensities of 2x10¹¹ P/bunch. Instabilities with growth times of 200 turns are well-controlled from injection, consistent with the achievable gains for the 2 installed stripline kickers with 1 kW broadband power. Measurements from multiple studies in single-bunch and bunch train configurations show achieved damping rates, control of multiple intra-bunch modes, behavior of the system at injection and final damped noise floor. We present an analysis method to study the relative phase of slice motion during a transient to discriminate between TMCI and other types of Head-Tail instabilities.
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TUPVA001	Progress on the Optics Corrections of FCC-hh	quadrupole, dipole, coupling, lattice	2019
	D. Boutin, A. Chancé, B. Dalena CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The FCC-hh (Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider) is one of the three options considered for the next generation accelerator in high-energy physics as recommended by the European Strategy Group, and the natural evolution of existing LHC. Studies are ongoing about the evaluation of the various magnets mechanical errors and field errors tolerances in the arc sections of FCC-hh, as well as an estimation of the correctors strengths necessary to perform the corrections of the errors. In this study advanced correction schemes for the residual orbit, the linear coupling and the ring tune are described. The impact of magnet tolerances on the residual errors, on the correctors technological choice and on the beam screen design are discussed. In particular the effect of the dipole a2 error is emphasized.
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TUPVA003	Advance on Dynamic Aperture at Injection for FCC-hh	dipole, optics, dynamic-aperture, target	2027
	B. Dalena, D. Boutin, A. Chancé CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This Research and Innovation Action project submitted to call H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1 receives funding from the European Union's H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 654305. In the hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) study, the first evaluation of dipole field quality, based on the Nb3Sn technology, has shown a Dynamic Aperture at injection above the LHC target value. In this paper the effect of field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using the updated lattice design, is presented. Tolerances on the main multipole components are evaluated including feed-down effect.
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TUPVA007	Impact of LHC and SPS Injection Kicker Rise Times on Lhc Filling Schemes and Luminosity Reach	kicker, emittance, luminosity, timing	2043
	W. Bartmann, M.J. Barnes, J. Boyd, E. Carlier, A. Chmielinska, B. Goddard, G. Kotzian, C. Schwick, L.S. Stoel, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, V. Vlachodimitropoulos, C. Wiesner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The 2016 LHC proton filling schemes generally used a spacing between injections of batches of bunches into SPS and LHC corresponding to the design report specification for the SPS and LHC injection kicker rise times, respectively. A reduction of the batch spacing can be directly used to increase luminosity without detrimental effects on beam stability, and with no increase in the number of events per crossing seen by the experiments. Measurements and simulations were performed in SPS and LHC to understand if a shorter injection kicker rise time and associated tighter batch spacing would lead to increased injection oscillations of the first and last bunches of a bunch train and eventually also a systematic growth of the transverse emittance. The results were used to define the minimum possible batch spacing for an acceptable emittance growth in LHC, with gains of reductions of about 10% possible in both machines. The results are discussed, including the potential improvement of the LHC luminosity for different filling schemes.
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TUPVA019	Impact and Mitigation of Electron Cloud Effects in the Operation of the Large Hadron Collider	electron, cryogenics, operation, impedance	2085
	G. Iadarola, B. Bradu, P. Dijkstal, L. Mether, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2015 and in 2016 the Large Hadron Collider has been routinely operated with 25 ns bunch spacing. With this beam configuration electron clouds develop in a large fraction of the beam chambers, in spite of a very large electron dose accumulated on the surfaces. This posed several challenges to different aspects of the beam operation. In particular, the machine settings had to be optimized in order to mitigate coherent and incoherent effects of the electron cloud on the beam dynamics while a specifically designed feed-forward control had to be implemented and optimized in order to dynamically adapt the regulations of the cryogenic system to the strong heat load deposited by the electron cloud on the beam screens of the cryogenic magnets. At the same time, the data collected from the different accelerator subsystems (heat loads, vacuum pressures, evolution of the bunch by bunch beam parameters) allowed to significantly improve our models and understanding on these phenomena.
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TUPVA020	The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN: Ion Injector Chain	ion, extraction, luminosity, kicker	2089
	H. Bartosik, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, V. Toivanen, F.J.C. Wenander CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC injector chain for Pb-ion beams at CERN consists of Linac3, the accumulator ring LEIR, the PS and the SPS. In the context of the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) project an intense program of machine development studies has been performed in the last two years to maximise the intensity of Pb-ion beams at LHC injection. In this paper we present an analysis of the operational performance achieved so far, with the goal of 1) identifying the remaining performance bottlenecks along the chain and possible areas for improvement, and 2) to optimize the Pb-ion beam production scheme for the High Luminosity (HL-) LHC era. A consistent set of beam parameters for the HL-LHC era has been established taking into account the already achieved improvements as well as foreseen upgrades still to be implemented, such as slip stacking in the SPS.
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TUPVA030	Measurement of Beta-Beating Due to Strong Head-on Beam-Beam Interactions in the LHC	dipole, emittance, optics, simulation	2121
	P. Gonçalves Jorge, J. Barranco García, T. Pieloni EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland X. Buffat, F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, E. Fol, L.E. Medina Medrano, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC operation relies on a good knowledge of the optics, usually corrected in absence of beam-beam interactions. In a near future, both the LHC and the HL-LHC will need to cope with large head-on beam-beam parameters, the impact on the optics needs to be understood and, if necessary, corrected. The results of a dedicated experiment performed at injection energy are discussed in this paper.
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TUPVA047	IBS Simulation with Different RF Configurations in RHIC	emittance, simulation, cavity, proton	2178
	C. Liu, A.V. Fedotov, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This report focuses on three dimensional emittance growth of polarized proton beam due to Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) at RHIC. Simulations are presented which give guidance on the configuration of the RF systems to mitigate IBS-induced emittance growth. In addition, simulated growth rates are compared with measured emittance evolution at injection, which shows better agreement in longitudinal than transverse dimension. The results in this report will help us better understand the emittance evolution for current RHIC operations and for future operations (eRHIC).
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TUPVA049	Re-Visiting RHIC Snakes and Spin Orbit	polarization, proton, collider, dipole	2184
	F. Méot, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, A. Marusic, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Recent analyses of RHIC run12 to run15 proton-carbon polarimeter measurements have shown significant tilt of the polarization vector from vertical, at high energy essentially. This is confirmed by extensive measurements performed in the present Run 17. Possible origins of such large tilt may reside in snake spin rotation angle or orbit defects, to mention just two. Dedicated simulations have been undertaken to investigate possible causes, they are presented and discussed, they include the computation and use of 3-D field maps of RHIC siberian snakes.
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TUPVA050	RHIC Polarized Proton Operation for 2017	resonance, lattice, polarization, luminosity	2188
	V.H. Ranjbar, P. Adams, Z. Altinbas, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, P.S. Dyer, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, C.E. Harper, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, J. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, P. Oddo, M. Okamura, S. Perez, A.I. Pikin, A. Poblaguev, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, Z. Sorrell, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, W. Zhang, B. van Kuik BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-SC0012704 The 2017 operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) involved the running of only a single experiment at STAR with PHENIX offline in the process of the upgrade to sPHENIX. For this run there were several notable changes to machine operations. These included, transverse polarization, luminosity leveling, a new approach to machine protection and the development of new store and ramped lattices. The new 255 GeV store lattice was designed to both accommodate the necessary phase advance between the e-lens and IP8 for testing and to maximize dynamic aperture. The new lattices on the ramp were designed to maximize polarization transmission during the three strong intrinsic spin resonances crossings. Finally we are also commissioning new 9 MHz RF cavities during this run.
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TUPVA056	Ionization Loss and Dynamic Vacuum in Heavy Ion Synchrotrons	ion, vacuum, synchrotron, heavy-ion	2201
	L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Dynamic vacuum effects, induced by charge exchange processes and ion impact driven gas desorption, generate an intensity limitation for high intensity heavy ion synchrotrons. In order to reach ultimate heavy ion intensities, medium charge state heavy ions are used. The cross sections for charge exchange in collisions with residual gas molecules for such beams are much higher, than for highly charged heavy ion beams. Therefore high pumping power is required to obtain a very low static residual gas pressure and to suppress vacuum dynamics during operation. In modern heavy ion synchrotrons different techniques are employed: NEG-coating, cryogenic pumping, and low-desorption ion-catcher. The unique StrahlSim code allows the comparison of different design options for heavy ion synchrotrons. Different aspects of dynamic vacuum limitations are summarized, such as the dependence on different injection parameter. A comparison between a room temperature and a cryogenic synchrotron from the vacuum point of view is given.
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TUPVA059	Overcoming the Space Charge Limit: Development of an Electron Lens for SIS18	electron, ion, gun, space-charge	2211
	D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Apse-Apsitis Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia K. Schulte IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction will deliver intense ion beams to its experimental users. The requested intensities require filling the existing synchrotron SIS18, which serves as injector to FAIR, up to the space charge (SC) limit. Operation under these conditions is challenging due to the large tune footprint of the beam, demanding delicate control of adverse effects caused by machine imperfections to avoid emittance growth and beam loss. To facilitate the high intensity operation, the installation of an electron lens for SC compensation into SIS18 is foreseen. This requires an electron beam of a current of several amperes with longitudinal and transverse distributions matched to those of the ion beam during the cycle. The electron beam needs to be RF modulated at a bandwidth of a few MHz with time varying amplitude ranging from DC to fully modulated, while the transverse size needs to be continuously adapted to the adiabatically shrinking ion beam. This contribution reports on the requirements on an electron lens for SC compensation in SIS18.
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TUPVA091	Batch Compression Scheme for Multi-MW J-PARC	booster, cavity, beam-loading, proton	2294
	C. Ohmori, M. Furusawa, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Replacement of all J-PARC MR cavities has completed in this summer to increase the RF voltage. Nine sets of new high-gradient FT3L cavities will generate the required RF voltage for the 1.16 second cycle operation. Upgrade of magnet power supplies is planned and the cycle time becomes 1.3 seconds from the present 2.48 seconds in FY2018 to achieve the beam power of 750 kW-1 MW. For the further improvement of beam power, a new rapid-cycling booster is considered to increase the injection energy of the MR from 3 GeV to 6-8 GeV. By the reduction of the space charge effects, the injection time can be extended and a batch compression scheme becomes possible. It will increase the number of bunches from 8 to 11 or 12 during the beam injection. And, recent beam study of the 3 GeV RCS shows the potential capability of 6.6·10¹³ proton per bunch. Combining these improvements with the booster, the beam power of 3 MW will be manageable.
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TUPVA093	Radio-Activation Caused by Secondary Particles Due to Nuclear Reactions at the Stripper Foil in the J-PARC RCS	proton, operation, synchrotron, beam-losses	2300
	M. Yoshimoto, H. Hotchi, S. Kato, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The most important issue in realizing such a MW-class high-power routine beam operation is to keep machine activations within a permissible level, that is, to preserve a better hands-on-maintenance environment. Thus, a large fraction of our effort has been concentrated on reducing and managing beam losses. However the high residual activation is appeared around the stripper foils. It is caused by not primary particles due to the beam losses but secondary particles due to nuclear reaction at the foil. This radio-activation is an intrinsically serious problem for the RCS which adopts the charge exchange multi-turn beam injection scheme with the stripper foil. In this presentation, we report a detail measurement of the residual dose around the stripper foil together with the cause estimated based on simulation studies.
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TUPVA106	Solvements of the Asynchronization between the Bpms and Corrector Power Supplies in RCS of CSNS*	software, EPICS, hardware, power-supply	2339
	M.T. Li CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China Y.W. An, Y.D. Liu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 11405189) This paper studies the possible solvements of the asyn-chronization between the BPMs and Corrector Supplies in RCS of CSNS, to increase the accuracy of the response matrix measurement and the obit correction.
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TUPVA123	Status of DESIREE	ion, storage-ring, experiment, detector	2379
	A. Simonsson, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Cederquist, K. Chartkunchand, G. Eklund, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, H. Motzkau, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
	DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm has been running since 2011(?). In the cold (13 K) environment with an excellent vacuum, very long storage times in both rings have been achieved, which has enabled the preparation of beams in a single quantum state. The status of DESIREE is presented with particular emphasis on measurements of stored beam currents in the sub-nA range. We also discuss the ongoing work towards stochastic cooling of very slow beams.
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TUPVA128	Performance of the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies into the LHC during the Second Proton-Lead Run	ion, emittance, proton, extraction	2395
	R. Alemany-Fernández, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, E. Carlier, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, A. Huschauer, M.A. Jebramcik, S. Jensen, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, T. Mertens, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, A. Saá Hernández, M. Schaumann, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, H. Timko, V. Toivanen, G. Tranquille, F.M. Velotti, F.J.C. Wenander, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC performance during the proton-lead run in 2016 fully relied on a permanent monitoring and systematic improvement of the beam quality in all the injectors. The beam production and characteristics are explained in this paper, together with the improvements realized during the run from the source up to the flat top of the LHC. Transmission studies from one accelerator to the next as well as beam quality evolution studies during the cycle at each accelerator, have been carried out and are summarized in this paper. In 2016, the LHC had to deliver the beams to the experiments at two different energies, 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV. The properties of the beams at these two energies are also presented
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WEOAA3	Realizing a High-Intensity Low-Emittance Beam in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS	emittance, sextupole, resonance, extraction	2470
	H. Hotchi, H. Harada, S. Kato, K. Okabe, P.K. Saha, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, N. Tani, Y. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The J-PARC 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) has two functions; one as a proton driver to produce pulsed muons and neutrons, and the other as an injector to the following 50-GeV main ring (MR). RCS is now intensively developing a high-intensity beam test to realize a high-intensity low-emittance beam with less beam halo required from MR. This paper presents the recent experimental results, together with detailed discussions for the emittance growth and its mitigation mechanisms.
	Slides WEOAA3 [1.732 MB]
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WEOCA1	Performance of SOLARIS Storage Ring	storage-ring, electron, closed-orbit, photon	2490
	A.I. Wawrzyniak, P.B. Borowiec, M.B. Jaglarz, A. Kisiel, P.M. Klimczyk, M.A. Knafel, M.P. Kopeć, A.M. Marendziak, S. Piela, P. Sagało, M.J. Stankiewicz, K. Wawrzyniak, M. Zając Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
	After one year of the Solaris storage ring commission-ing excellent performance has been achieved. The optics was corrected close to the design values. However, some minor adjustments are still needed. The commissioning of the Solaris 1.5 GeV storage ring required a big effort in machine parameters optimization. Performance of posi-tion monitoring devices has proven essential for the suc-cessful optimization of beam parameters such as: closed orbit, tune, chromaticity, and dispersion. Now, the effort is focused on fine-tuning the machine by implementing the linear optics from orbit correction (LOCO) and reduc-ing the disparity between model and measured results revealed by the phase advance analysis and dispersion measurement. Moreover, during daily operation the main task is to maintain long-term stability of the circulating electron beam allowing for beamlines commissioning. Within this presentation the current status of the Solaris facility and the commissioning results will be reported.
	Slides WEOCA1 [13.180 MB]
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WEOCA2	Experience of Taiwan Photon Source Commissioning and Operation	vacuum, operation, radiation, booster	2495
	Y.-C. Liu, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, P.J. Chou, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.-C. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The TPS commissioning period is from August 2014 to March 2016. The experience of phase I [1] (bare lattice 2014.8~2015.3) and phase II [2,3] (SRF and insertion devices 2015.9~2016.3) commissioning is overviewed. Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) started user operation in March 2016. The delivery user time reached 3211 hours. The continuous improvements of integrated accelerator performance are described and future developments are discussed.
	Slides WEOCA2 [32.368 MB]
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WEPAB004	Progress Status for the 10 Year Old SOLEIL Synchrotron Radiation Facility	operation, storage-ring, booster, undulator	2564
	L.S. Nadolski, Y.-M. Abiven, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, J.M. Dubuisson, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, M. Louvet, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, F. Ribeiro, K.T. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	Synchrotron SOLEIL has just turned 10 years since its commissioning. The 2.75 GeV facility is now delivering very stable photon beams to 29 beam lines. A total of 5 operation modes are available in top-up. Maintaining and updating the key performance metric remains a daily work facing both aging of components and tighter operation requirements. Low-alpha operation is attracting more beam lines leading us to an upgrade of the Booster (BOO) radiofrequency (RF) system in order to increase the injection efficiency into the storage ring (SR). The femtoslicing experiment is now in production for a hard X-ray beam line; a dedicated chicane has been installed for a second beam line in the soft X-ray regime. The two long canted beam lines can operate simultaneously at minimum gaps since May 2016 thanks to the introduction of a dedicated photon absorber and a fast angle interlock. R&D work in several areas will be reported. In parallel lattice design are in progress both for short term and long term evolution of the ring performance.
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WEPAB005	First MOGA Optimization of the Soleil Lattice	lattice, storage-ring, synchrotron, simulation	2568
	L.S. Nadolski, P. Brunelle, X.N. Gavaldà SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The first optimization of the nonlinear beam dynamics of the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation light sources using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm is reported. After benchmarking ELEGANT against TRACY3, beam lifetime studies with the operation lattice and fine-tuning of the storage ring model, MOGA-ELEGANT was used to find the best settings of quadrupole and sextupole magnets in order to maximize the dynamic and momentum apertures used as proxies for the Touschek lifetime and the injection efficiency respectively. The solutions obtained after one month of computation in the high level computational cluster of SOLEIL using 200 CPUs are detailed. The improvement of the Touschek lifetime obtained with MOGA is confirmed by the beam-based experiments. The beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring was increased experimentally by 40% as predicted by the simulations.
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WEPAB006	Performance Improvements of the BESSY II Storage Ring by Optimizing the Phase Acceptance	sextupole, resonance, storage-ring, optics	2571
	P. Kuske, J. Li HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Linear optics modifications in order to improve injec-tion efficiency and for the installation of two IDs in one straight section demand an optimization of the sextupole correction scheme. Four harmonic sextupole families were sufficient with the earlier 8-fold symmetric lattice. Today there are ten families of harmonic sextupole mag-nets in addition to the three families of chromatic sextu-poles. This paper describes our experimental approach to find better settings for these harmonic sextupoles based on the direct optimization of the injection efficiency with a longitudinal phase offset between storage ring and the injector - in our case a booster synchrotron. As demon-strated in the paper, the resulting improvement of the phase acceptance of the ring leads to increased momen-tum acceptance by suppressing 3rd order non-systematic resonances. This increases not only the injection effi-ciency for long bunches but also the Touschek lifetime, the largest contribution to the overall lifetime of low emittance storage rings.
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WEPAB044	Construction and Commissioning of Direct Beam Transport Line for PF-AR	linac, beam-transport, vacuum, operation	2678
	N. Higashi, S. Asaoka, K. Furukawa, K. Haga, K. Harada, T. Higo, T. Honda, H. Honma, N. Iida, H. Iwase, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kishimoto, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, K. Kudo, T. Kume, K. Mikawa, T. Mimashi, F. Miyahara, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, H. Nakamura, N. Nakamura, T. Natsui, K.N. Nigorikawa, Y. Niwa, T. Nogami, T. Obina, Y. Ogawa, M. Ono, T. Ozaki, H. Sagehashi, T. Sanami, M. Sato, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, M. Tadano, T. Tahara, R. Takai, H. Takaki, S. Takasaki, M. Tanaka, Y. Tanimoto, M. Tawada, N. Toge, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, Y. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	PF-AR was constructed as an accumulator ring for TRISTAN, and in the KEKB era it has been revitalized as a 6.5 GeV synchrotron radiation source. The injection energy was 3 GeV and the beam was accelerated to 6.5 GeV prior to the user run. The original beam transport line (BT) from the LINAC to the PF-AR shared its upstream part with the the BT line of KEKB High Energy Ring (HER). The injection-mode change from PF-AR to HER or vice versa needs about 10 minutes for the magnet cycling procedure of the shared part. In SuperKEKB, the upgrade of KEKB, the lifetime of HER is about 10 minutes. The mode-switch operation of the BT is, therefore, not allowed for maintaining the highest luminosity of the SuperKEKB. In order to avoid this problem, a new 6.5 GeV BT line dedicated to PF-AR has been constructed. This also enables the top-up injection for the user run. The commissioning of the new BT line has been completed in this March, and now the first user run has been operated successfully.
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Paper

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MOYAA1

Approaching the Nominal Performance at the LHC

luminosity, operation, emittance, experiment

13

J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2015 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) restarted for Run 2 after an almost two year long shutdown to consolidate the machine for operation at nominal beam energy. Following a month of recommissioning and training of the magnet system, the LHC operated for the first time at an energy of 6.5 TeV. The aim of this first year was to master operation at the higher energy and with beams of 25 ns spacing. In 2016 the performance could be pushed based on the experience of 2015, culminating with a luminosity 40% above the design value of 10³⁴ cm^-2s⁻¹. The status of the machine operation, performance and prospects for the rest of Run 2 and Run 3 will be discussed.

Slides MOYAA1 [4.639 MB]

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MOPAB007

Status of Crystal Collimation Studies at the LHC

collimation, proton, beam-losses, ion

84

R. Rossi, O. Aberle, O.O. Andreassen, M.E.J. Butcher, C.A. Dionisio Barreto, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, W. Scandale, P. Serrano Galvez, G. Valentino
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Galluccio
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy

Crystal collimation is a technique that relies on highly pure bent crystals to coherently deflect beam particles - through the channeling mechanisms - onto dedicated absorbers. Standard multi-stage collimation systems for hadron beams use amorphous materials as primary collimators and might be limited by nuclear interactions and ion fragmentation that are strongly suppressed in crystals. A crystal collimation setup was installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to demonstrate with LHC beams the feasibility of this concept and to compare its performance with that of the present system. Channeling was observed for the first time with 6.5 TeV beam and and plans for further crystal collimation beam tests at the LHC are discussed. Results of these first beam tests are presented.

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MOPAB031

Orbit Measurements in the BESSY II Booster in Preparation for Quasi-Low-Alpha Operation

booster, data-acquisition, lattice, extraction

146

T. Atkinson, E. Motuk, M. Ries, M. Ulrich
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Diagnostic refurbishments are ongoing in the booster synchrotron in preparation for the near future Variable pulse Storage Ring (VSR) project at BESSY II. Essential orbit measurements have been re-installed after almost two decades of latency. This diagnostic will help assess the effectiveness of the possible upgrade scenarios such as quasi-low-alpha operation and extraction optimization. The contribution presents the preliminary results of the continual global upgrade of the injector systems.

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MOPAB040

Linear and Nonlinear Optics Measurements With Multiturn Data at PETRA III

optics, kicker, operation, diagnostics

170

I.V. Agapov, M. Bieler, H. Ehrlichmann, J. Keil, J. Klute, G. Kube, G.K. Sahoo, F. Schmidt-Föhre, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

At Petra III measuring multiturn beam response to pulsed and continuous excitations allows linear and nonlinear (e.g. frequency maps) optics parameter determination. We describe the measurement setup, approaches to optics parameter determination, and the measurement results for Petra III.

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MOPAB048

Simulation of fs Bunch Length Determination with the 3-Phase Method and THz Dielectric Loaded Waveguides

linac, space-charge, simulation, electron

199

T. Vinatier, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In this paper, we investigate with ASTRA simulations the capability of the 3-phase method to reconstruct the length of a fs electron bunch. We show that a standard 3 GHz travelling wave accelerating structure is not suited for this purpose, because of the too important effect of the space-charge forces and of the too small variations of the induced energy spread with the bunch injection phase. Our simulations demonstrate that the use of dielectric-loaded waveguides driven by THz pulses would allow overcoming these two limitations and possibly achieving an ultimate resolution better than 5% for the determination of a 6.25 fs rms bunch length at 100 MeV energy and 1 pC charge. The next steps of the study to better evaluate, in simulations and experiments, the possible sources of degradation of the 3-phase method resolution are also mentioned.

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MOPAB070

Beam Position Measurement During Multi-Turn Painting Injection at the J-PARC RCS

linac, operation, proton, synchrotron

277

N. Hayashi, A. Miura, P.K. Saha, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

Multi-turn painting injection scheme is important for high intensity proton accelerators. At the J-PARC RCS, a transverse painting scheme was adapted by adding vertical painting magnets to the beam transport line before the injection point, with horizontal painting being performed by a set of dedicated pulse magnets in the ring. To establish a transverse painting condition, it is usual to base on the pulse magnet current pattern. However, it is more desirable to directly measure the beam orbit time variation for evaluation. A linac beam was chopped to match the ring RF bucket. We thought that it would be difficult to measure the position for each pulse; however, the average position could be extracted by introducing a particular device. For the beam injected into the ring, because the linac RF frequency component was diminished due to debunching quickly, one could determine its position in the beginning of the injection period. However, due to rebunching effect the position determination becomes difficult. This problem needs to be resolved.

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MOPAB093

Bunch Phase Measurement for Storage Ring

storage-ring, simulation, experiment, pick-up

341

Y.M. Zhou, Y.B. Leng, N. Zhang
SSRF, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
H.J. Chen
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

A bunch-by-bunch phase measurement system has been studied to improve the accuracy of phase measurement. Longitudinal phase information will be retrieved from beam signals picked up from the button electrodes. The signals from four electrodes in the BPM are summed by using a 4-way power driver, by which the effect of the transverse beam offset on the phase measurement can be eliminated. Four samples with fixed time interval (typical 100ps) for each bunch, which are taken by a 500MHz waveform recorder with a four channels signal splitting and delaying network, will be used to calculate bunch phase. In this paper, we present the layout of the system and primary experimental results.

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MOPAB113

Usage of the Transverse Damper Observation Box for High Sampling Rate Transverse Position Data in the LHC

diagnostics, impedance, pick-up, operation

389

L.R. Carver, X. Buffat, A.C. Butterworth, W. Höfle, G. Iadarola, G. Kotzian, K.S.B. Li, E. Métral, M. Ojeda Sandonís, M.E. Söderén, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The transverse damper observation box (ADTObsBox) is a device that makes accessible the bunch-by-bunch turn-by-turn data recorded from the pickups of the LHC transverse damper. This device can provide online transient analysis of different beam dynamics effects (tunes and damping times at injection, for example), while also under development is an online coherent instability triggering system. This paper will provide an overview of the current setup and plans for future upgrades, as well as detailing how it deals with the large volume of data being generated. The results of some analysis that rely on the ADTObsBox will also be shown.

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MOPAB117

Online Bunch by Bunch Transverse Instability Detection in LHC

operation, pick-up, network, feedback

397

M.E. Söderén, G. Kotzian, M. Ojeda Sandonís, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Reliable detection of developing transverse instabilities in the Large Hadron Collider is one of the main operational challenges of the LHC's high intensity proton run. A full machine snapshot provided from the moment of instability is a crucial input to develop and fine tune instability models. The transverse feedback system (ADT) is the only instrument in LHC, where a full rate bunch by bunch transverse position information is available. Together with a sub-micron resolution it makes it a perfect place to detect transverse beam motion. Very large amounts of data, at very high data rates (8 Gb/s) need to be processed on the fly to detect onset of transverse instability. A very powerful computer system (so called ADTObsBox) was developed and put into operation by the CERN RF group, which is capable of processing the full rate data streams from ADT and perform an on the fly instability detection. The output of this system is a timing event with a list of all bunches developing instability, which is then sent to the LHC-wide instability trigger network to freeze other observation instruments. The device also provides buffers with raw position data for offline analysis.

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MOPAB122

Fast Bunch by Bunch Tune Measurements at the CERN PS

betatron, proton, synchrotron, operation

415

P. Zisopoulos, M. Gąsior, M. Serluca, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) is a crucial component of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector complex. The PS role is to provide beams of high brightness and with the required time structure. In this paper, we present the results of bunch-by-bunch tune measurements by using turn-by-turn transverse beam position monitors (BPMs). The data from different BPMs are combined together to allow fast and accurate tune measurements for each bunch. The obtained results are compared with the present PS tune-meter system and the specific advantages and limits of this technique are commented and exemplified.

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MOPAB154

Measurement of Proton Transverse Emittance in the Brookhaven AGS

emittance, dipole, flattop, proton

494

H. Huang, L. Ahrens, C.W. Dawson, C.E. Harper, C. Liu, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, V. Schoefer, S. Tepikian, K. Zeno
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
High luminosity and high polarization in RHIC require good control and measurement of emittance in its injector, the Brookhaven AGS. In the past, the AGS emittance has been measured by using an ion collecting IPM during the whole cycle. The beam profiles from this IPM are distorted by space charge forces at higher energy, which makes the emittance determination very hard. The effect has been measured with IPM measurement at different energies with RF off to mitigate the space charge effect. In addition, helical snake magnets and near integer vertical tune for polarized proton operation distort the lattice in the AGS and introduce large beta beating. For more precise measurements of the emittance, we need turn-by-turn (TBT) measurements near injection and beta function measurements at the IPM. The AGS has also been modeled to get the beta functions at the locations of IPM. A new type of electron collecting IPM has been installed and tested in the AGS with proton beam. The vertical beta functions at the IPM locations have been measured with a local corrector near the IPM. This paper summarizes our current understanding of AGS emittances and plans for the further improvements.

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MOPIK018

Micro-Scale Electron Beam Generation Using Pyroelectric Crystals

electron, acceleration, laser, diagnostics

538

R.B. Yoder, Z. Kabilova
Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Novel laser-powered acceleration structures currently under development, which have dimensions comparable to optical wavelengths and can be constructed on a silicon wafer, require injection of a sub-micron-scale electron bunch to achieve high-quality, monoenergetic output beams. A potential injection mechanism for such micro-scale beams relies on field emission from a nanotip array, followed by acceleration to near-relativistic energies. We demonstrate field emission of electrons from a lithium niobate crystal during heating and cooling, and describe the production of electrons within a hollow channel along the axis of a lithium niobate crystal. Measurements of emitted beam properties are compared with direct measurements of crystal fields under comparable conditions and modeled mathematically.

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MOPIK032

Commissioning of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS

ion, ion-source, plasma, operation

570

L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Maugeri, L. Neri, F. Noto, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra
Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy

At INFN-LNS the commissioning of the AISHa superconducting ECRIS started in November 2016. Highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility are the most important features for the ongoing commissioning. In this work, we will show the preliminary results of a parametric study on the extracted current/beam in order to minimize the emittance and increase the brightness taking advantage by its hybrid magnetic system and by a fine frequency tuning system.

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MOPIK034

The New High Field Injection Septum Magnet System for Main Ring of J-PARC

septum, operation, power-supply, flattop

576

T. Shibata, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

We are improving the Main Ring (MR) for beam power of 750 kw which is the first goal of J-PARC. The repetition period of the fast extraction must be short to 1.3 second from the current period of 2.48 second for the improvement of the beam power. We exchanged a injection septum magnet which are located at the injection line from RCS to MR and its power supply in summer of 2016. It was necessary to exchange, because the previous injection septum system can not be operated with 1.3 second repetition. The development of the new injection septum magnet and its power supply in which the maximum repetition are 1Hz and the order od the leakage field are 10^-4 of the gap field were completed in 2016. In this presentation, we will report the final results of its performance, e.g. the magnetic fields and stability of the output current and field, and the beam performance after installation in MR with the new injection magnet.

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MOPIK035

New Injection Scheme of J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

proton, operation, synchrotron, shielding

579

K. Yamamoto, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, J. Kamiya, P.K. Saha, T. Takayanagi, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
N. Miki, O. Takeda
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan

The 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) aims to deliver 1-MW proton beam to the neutron target and Main Ring synchrotron (MR). Present beam power of RCS is up to 500-kW and the higher radiation doses were concentrated in the injection area. These activations were caused by the interaction between the foil and the beam. To reduce the worker dose near the injection point, we have studied new design of the injection scheme to secure enough space for radiation shielding and bellows. In the new system, two of four injection pulse bump magnets are replaced and we are able to ensure the additional 500 mm space at the injection foil .

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MOPIK041

Commissioning of the Stripping Foil Units for the Upgrade of the PSB H⁻ Injection System

linac, controls, electron, vacuum

595

C. Bracco, S. Burger, V. Forte, B. Goddard, G. Guidoboni, L.O. Jorat, B. Mikulec, A. Navarro Fernandez, R. Noulibos, F. Roncarolo, P. Van Trappen, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The PSB will be extensively upgraded during the next long shutdown of the CERN accelerator complex, to double the brightness of the stored beams. The existing multi-turn injection will be replaced by a charge exchange system designed for the 160 MeV hydrogen ions provided by Linac4. Part of the injection equipment has been temporarily installed along the Linac4-to-PSB transfer line and tested with beam. This allowed to gain experience with the system, test the related diagnostics and benchmark calculations with measurements. An additional permanent stripping foil test stand is also installed right after the Linac and will be used to characterise new foils for possible future applications. The main outcomes, issues and applied or planned mitigations are presented for both installations.

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MOPIK042

Beam-Based Kicker Waveform Measurements Using Long Bunches

kicker, flattop, emittance, proton

599

V. Forte, W. Bartmann, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, M.A. Fraser, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The increased bunch length demanded by the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project to mitigate emittance growth from space-charge on the PS injection plateau puts strong constraints on the rise-times of the recombination kickers in the transfer lines between the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) and the Proton Synchrotron (PS). A beam-based technique has been developed to validate the waveforms of the recombination kickers. In this paper high-resolution measurements are presented by extracting the intra-bunch deflection along bunches with lengths comparable to or longer than the rise-time of the kicker being probed. The methodology has been successfully applied to the three vertical recombination kickers named BT1. KFA10, BT4. KFA10 and BT2. KFA20, and benchmarked with direct measurements of the kicker field made using a magnetic field probe. This paper describes the beam-based technique, summarises the main characteristics of the measured waveforms, such as rise-time and flat-top ripple, and estimates their impact on beam brightness.

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MOPIK043

Beam-Based Waveform Measurements of the CERN PS Injection Kicker

kicker, flattop, impedance, timing

603

V. Forte, W. Bartmann, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L.M.C. Feliciano, A. Ferrero Colomo, M.A. Fraser, T. Kramer, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, a beam-based technique has been developed for measuring the waveform the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) horizontal injection kicker, named KFA45. The technique avoids the need for tedious magnetic measurements, especially when a spare magnet is presently unavailable and measuring the operational magnet with a magnetic field probe is complicated by integration reasons. In this paper, the technique and results of the waveform measurements are summarised. The results already provide additional information in terms of waveform characterisation for the validation of numerical simulations and are of great interest for the future LIU performance upgrade.

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MOPIK047

Commissioning and Results of the Half-Sector Test Installation with 160 MeV H⁻ beam from Linac4

linac, operation, proton, vacuum

619

B. Mikulec, D. Aguglia, J.C. Allica Santamaria, C. Baud, C. Bracco, S. Burger, G. Guidoboni, L.O. Jorat, C. Martin, A. Navarro Fernandez, R. Noulibos, F. Roncarolo, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, J. Tan, T. Todorcevic, P. Van Trappen, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN in 2019/20, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) will undergo a profound upgrade in the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project involving also the connection to the new Linac4 injector. The 160 MeV Linac4 H' injection entails a complete replacement of the PSB injection section, including a stripping foil system, injection chicane, an H⁰/H' dump and novel beam instrumentation. The equivalent of half of this new injection chicane was temporarily installed in the Linac4 transfer line to evaluate the performance of the equipment and prepare controls, interlocks and applications for the connection. Outcomes of this so-called Half-Sector Test (HST) are presented in this paper.

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MOPIK059

Linear and Nonlinear Optimizations of Combined 7BA-6BA Lattices for the Future Upgrade of SOLEIL

emittance, lattice, dipole, sextupole

659

A. Loulergue, P. Brunelle, H.C. Chao, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Previous MBA studies converged to a combination of 7BA and 6BA structures, in terms of the target horizontal emittance of below 300 pm-rad, where the effect of anti-bends, dipole field values, and straight section lengths were investigated. Inspired by the successful lattice designs elsewhere adopting the interleaved sextupole scheme with dispersion bumps originally developed at the ESRF, the 7BA-6BA structures adopting this scheme are studied in details in parallel to those without it. The former aims at the horizontal emittance in the 200-300 pm-rad range with on and off-momentum dynamic acceptances sufficiently large for off-axis injection and good Touschek lifetime. The latter pursues the lower bound of the reachable horizontal emittance with quadrupole and sextupole strengths in the feasible range with maximum dynamic acceptance. The option of non-standard on-axis injection such as displacing the injected beam longitudinally is envisaged for the latter solutions. In both lattices, the numerical search using MOGA-based codes is employed extensively. The studies focus on the impact of linear optics and straight section lengths on the off-momentum and nonlinear properties.

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MOPIK063

Non-Linear Kickers Using Eddy Current Screens and Application to the ESRF

kicker, sextupole, storage-ring, flattop

670

S.M. White, M. Dubrulle, L. Farvacque, P. Henrissat, G. Le Bec, E. Plouviez, P. Raimondi, C. Richard
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The ESRF storage ring injection and accumulation is performed using standard 4-kickers bump and septum magnet. Sextupoles are located within the injection bump leading to significant bump non-closure during the ramp-up and ramp-down and optics distorsion for both stored and injected beam. Introducing non-linearities in the kickers allows for compensation of the perturbation from these sextupoles. We report on the feasibility of adding eddy current screens to a standard kicker magnet design to generate a non-linear field and its recent application to mitigate the injection perturbations at the ESRF.

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MOPIK067

Figure-8 Storage Ring - Ion Beam Injection into a Closed, Magnetic System

detector, experiment, storage-ring, ion

680

H. Niebuhr, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

To store high current low-energetic ion beams of up to 10 A, a superconducting storage ring (F8SR) based on solenoidal and toroidal magnetic guiding fields is investigated at Frankfurt University. Besides simulations, a scaled down experimental setup with normalconducting magnets was built. Investigations of beam injection into closed, magnetic guiding fields are in progress. Therefore, a new kind of injection system consisting of a solenoidal injection coil and a special vacuum vessel was constructed. It is used to inject a hydrogen beam from the side between two toroidal magnets. In parallel operation, a second hydrogen beam is transported through both magnets to represent the circulating beam. The current status of the experimental setup and first experimental results will be shown.

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MOPIK071

Dispersion and Beam Optic Parameter Measurements in the Transport Line (E-Weg) from DESY II to PETRA III

emittance, optics, quadrupole, synchrotron

692

G.K. Sahoo, K. Balewski, H. Ehrlichmann, J. Keil, R. Wanzenberg
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The transport line E-Weg extends from the extraction septum in DESY II to the injection septum in PETRA III, and transports electrons at a beam energy of 6.0 GeV. It consists of 3 parts. The first part is in DESY tunnel, the second part is a long drift space in a slanted tube and the third part is in PETRA III tunnel. The vertical plane difference between the tunnels is 1.28 m. The optics was derived from initial values at Transfer Point (UGP) from a previous optics. The total length of the transfer line is about 203 m. Ten screen monitors are used to estimate the profiles of the beam spot for the optics measurements, while 8 BPMs, mostly adjacent to the screens, are used to compare and control the orbits. Two scrapers are installed on either side of the long drift space to trim the beam dimensions in transverse plane. Two FCTs are used to measure the beam current and transfer efficiency. The transverse dispersion and beta functions are measured by extracting the beam from DESY at different energies and analysing the beam profiles at the screen as well as positions at BPMs. The details of such measurements are reported in this paper.

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MOPIK079

The Off-Axis Injection Lattice Design of HEPS Storage Ring

lattice, dynamic-aperture, storage-ring, multipole

716

Y.M. Peng, D. Ji, Y. Jiao, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang, G. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The dynamic aperture size determines the injection scheme to a large extent. The aim of storage ring design of HEPS is to achieve ultralow emittances on both transverse planes. This will bring very strong lattice nonlinearities. The present nominal design is a hybrid 7BA design with effective dynamic aperture of about 3 mm both in horizontal and vertical plane. Due to the restriction of dynamic aperture of this lattice, on-axis injection is the only choice . But, on-axis injection will bring a very big challenge for injector or injection kicker, if it is feasible to obtain a large dynamic aperture, off-axis injection is a favoured choice. In this paper, we will show the preliminary study of the lattice design with a sufficient dynamic aperture for pulsed multipole injection..

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MOPIK103

Operation with Carbon Stripping Foils at ISIS

electron, operation, synchrotron, emittance

771

H.V. Cavanagh, B. Jones
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a pulsed neutron and muon source for physical and life science research. Up to 3·10¹³ protons per pulse are accelerated to 800 MeV in the 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron that serves two spallation neutron targets. Charge exchange injection of 70 MeV H' ions into the synchrotron takes place over 130 turns. For over 30 years ISIS has used 40×120 mm aluminium oxide stripping foils, produced in-house [1]. Recently, foil preparation and installation processes have been simplified with the use of commercially available 40×60 mm carbon stripping foils. This paper summarises operational experiences with diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and graphene foils. Radiological analysis, atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging of foils and off-line irradiation with a 1.5 keV electron gun are also discussed.

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MOPIK104

Top-Up Injection With Anti-Septum

septum, kicker, simulation, storage-ring

774

C.H. Gough, M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

We present a novel improvement for injection into the very restricted machine aperture of future light source synchrotrons. A conventional injection scheme is based on a septum to deflect the injected bunch plus a fast pulsed three or four kicker bump to bring the stored beam close to the septum wall. With the novel improvement, the bump kickers are fitted with a thin wall longitudinal metal plate which screens the injected bunch from deflection without changing the stored beam bump behaviour. This metal screen then forms the final septum, but inverted in function of the conventional approach, hence the name anti-septum. The approach does not remove the need for the main septum magnet, but for modest cost it permits the injected bunch to be brought closer to the stored beam. Application of the anti-septum to the SLS-2 project and simulation results on a prototype are presented.

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MOPIK105

Preliminary Study of Injection Transients in TPS Storage Ring

septum, vacuum, kicker, storage-ring

777

C.H. Chen, B.Y. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.-C. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, Y.-C. Liu, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

An optimized injection efficiency is related to a perfect match between the pulsed magnetic fields in the storage ring and transfer line extraction in the TPS. However, misalignment errors, hardware output errors and leakage fields are unavoidable. We study the influence of injection transients on the stored TPS beam and discuss solutions to compensate these. Related simulations and measurements will be presented.

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MOPIK107

Injection Efficiency Simulation in the Electron Storage Ring of X-Ray Generator NESTOR

storage-ring, electron, alignment, simulation

784

A.Y. Zelinsky, P. Gladkikh, A.A. Kalamayko
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine

In the paper the results of the beam dynamics and injection efficiency simulation in the storage ring of the X-ray generator NESTOR are presented.

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MOPIK124

A New Method to Tune the Nonlinear Lattice Online

lattice, sextupole, betatron, focusing

828

W. Guo, Y. Hidaka, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Most nonlinear lattice tuning methods use only part of the optimization constraints, for example, part of the driving terms, nonlinear detuning, lifetime or injection efficiency. Even though some of the nonlinear properties can be improved, it is not guaranteed the nonlinear lattice is fully optimized. In this paper we propose to optimize the nonlinear lattice by correcting the betatron phase advance and detuning of the off-orbit lattices. It is shown that all the leading order optimization constraints are restored in this approach. One advantage of this new method is that the measurement is independent of BPM calibration errors. We succeed in both simulation and experiment in identifying the intentionally added sextupole errors.

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MOPVA020

S2E Simulation of an ERL-Based High-Power EUV-FEL Source for Lithography

FEL, linac, electron, simulation

894

N. Nakamura, R. Kato, T. Miyajima, M. Shimada
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Hajima
QST, Tokai, Japan
T. Hotei
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

An energy recovery linac(ERL)-based free electron laser(FEL) is a possible candidate of a high-power EUV source for lithography. The ERL can provide a high-current and high-quality electron beam for the high-power FEL and also greatly reduce the dumped beam power and activation compared to ordinary linacs. An ERL-based EUV-FEL source has been designed using available technologies and resources*. For this design, we perform Start-to-End(S2E) simulation from the electron gun to the exit of the decelerating main linac to track the electron beam parameters and to evaluate the FEL performance. The electron bunches from the injector are off-crest accelerated to 800 MeV and compressed in the 1st arc and/or chicane to obtain a high-peak current for high FEL output. After the undulator section for SASE FEL, they are decompressed in the 2nd arc and then decelerated in the main linac to optimize the energy spread or the energy recovery efficiency. This paper will present the S2E simulation for the designed EUV-FEL source.
* N. Nakamura et al., Proc. of ERL2015, Stony Brook, NY, USA, pp.4-9.

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MOPVA029

Conceptual Design of a Pre-Booster Ring for the FCC e⁺e⁻ Injector

emittance, booster, extraction, damping

917

O. Etisken, A.K. Çiftçi
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The FCC-ee injector complex needs to produce and to transport a high-intensity e⁺/e⁻ beam at a fast repetition rate of about 0.1 Hz for topping up the collider at its collision energy. A basic parameter set exists for all the collider energies, assuming a 10 GeV linac operating with a large number of bunches being accumulated in the existing SPS, which serves as pre-accelerator and damping ring before the bunches are transferred to the high-energy booster. The purpose of this study is to provide the conceptual design of an alternative accelerator ring, replacing the SPS in the present scheme. This ring will have injection energy of around 5 GeV and extraction energy of around 20 GeV. Apart from establishing the basic parameters of the ring, the study work will include the optics design and layout, single particle linear and non-linear dynamics optimization, including magnetic and alignment error tolerances. The study will also contain some basic estimation of collective effects and address the issue of synchrotron radiation handling.

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MOPVA079

A 166.6 MHz Superconducting RF System for the HEPS Storage Ring

cavity, HOM, LLRF, SRF

1049

P. Zhang, H.X. Hao, T.M. Huang, Z.Q. Li, H.Y. Lin, F. Meng, Z.H. Mi, Y. Sun, G.W. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, X.Y. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This work has been supported by HEPS-TF project and partly by Pioneer 'Hundred Talents Program' of Chinese Academy of Science.
A superconducting 166.6 MHz quarter-wave β=1 cavity was recently proposed for the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a 6 GeV kilometer-scale light source. Four 166.6 MHz cavities will be used for main acceleration in the newly planned on-axis beam injection scheme realized by a double-frequency RF system. The fundamental frequency, 166.6 MHz, was dictated by the fast injection kicker technology and the preference of using 499.8 MHz SC RF cavity as the third harmonic. Each 166.6 MHz cavity will be operated at 4.2 K providing 1.2 MV accelerating voltage and 150 kW of power to the electron beam. The input coupler will use single-window coaxial type graded up to 200 kW CW power. Each cavity will be equipped with a 200 kW solid-state amplifier and digital low-level RF system. This paper will describe the 166.6 MHz RF system with a focus on the design and optimization of the RF cavity and its ancillaries, the LLRF system and the status of the solid-state amplifiers.

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MOPVA145

Improvements on CNAO Accelerator for Ocular Treatments

extraction, proton, acceleration, synchrotron

1194

L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy

Ocular melanoma has been successfully treated worldwide since many years using proton beams. CNAO is the only Italian hadrontherapy facility able to treat tumours with both proton and carbon ion high-energy scanning beams accelerated by a synchrotron; the machine was commissioned in 2011 and more than 1000 patients have been treated so far. With respect to the othercases, , ocular melanoma treatment needed important changes both under the medical physics and machine physics points of view. The main goal of this work is to describe the changes in the machine set up to increase the proton current by a factor of 5, this task representing a sort of recommissioning of the synchrotron.

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TUOBA2

Commissioning of the MYRRHA Low Energy Beam Transport Line and Space Charge Compensation Experiments

rfq, solenoid, proton, emittance

1226

F. Bouly, M.A. Baylac, D. Bondoux
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J. Belmans, D. Vandeplassche
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d'Étude de l'énergie Nucléaire (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
N. Chauvin, F. Gérardin
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Funding: This work is supported by the European Atomic Energy Community's (EURATOM) H2020 Programme under grant agreement n°662186 (MYRTE project).
The MYRRHA project aims at the construction of a new research reactor in Mol (Belgium) to demonstrate the nuclear waste transmutation feasibility with an Accelerator Driven System (ADS). In its subcritical configuration, the MYRRHA facility requires a proton beam with a maximum power of 2.4 MW (600 MeV - 4 mA). Such a continuous wave beam will be delivered by a superconducting linear accelerator (linac) which must fulfil very stringent reliability requirements to ensure the safe ADS operation with a high level of availability. The linac injector will be composed of: a proton source, a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), a 176 MHz RFQ and CH-DTL cavities. The LEBT prototype has been built and is presently installed and operated at LPSC Grenoble (France). An experimental program, to optimise the tuning of the line, the beam transport, and to study the space charge compensation mechanism, is in progress. We here review the main achievements of the LEBT commissioning. Experimental results will be presented and discussed, in particular the influence of the residual gas (type and pressure) on the beam dynamics.

Slides TUOBA2 [3.929 MB]

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TUOBA3

Strain and Temperature Measurements From the SNS Mercury Target Vessel During High Intensity Beam Pulses

target, simulation, radiation, data-acquisition

1230

W. Blokland, Y. Liu, B.W. Riemer, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Scientific User Facilities.
To better understand the mechanical impact of the proton beam on the lifetime on Spallation Neutron Source (SNS*) mercury-filled, stainless steel targets, these targets are now instrumented with optical and metal strain sensors, temperature sensors, and accelerometers. The strain and temperature sensors are placed inside the target vessel, between the water shroud and mercury vessel, while the accelerators are placed outside on the target mount and on the mercury return line. We now have data from four targets. The first instrumented target used regular multimode optical sensors, while later targets have used radhard multimode sensors. We are also developing super-radhard single-mode optical strain sensors to get data further into the production cycle. In this paper, we describe the data-acquisition system, compare the measured strain to the simulated strain for the different targets, estimate the survivable radiation level for each type of sensor, and discuss the implications of the results on the lifetime of the target.

Slides TUOBA3 [37.266 MB]

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TUOAB3

Development of Wide Dynamic Range Beam Loss Monitor System for the J-PARC Main Ring

detector, operation, beam-losses, extraction

1248

K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama, S. Yamada
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
S.Y. Yoshida
Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan

The new beam loss monitor (BLM) system now in operation at the main ring of J-PARC consists of an isolated front-end current to voltage converter, a VME-based 24 bit ADC system. A dual detector system employs a proportional-type gas chamber (PBLM) and an air-filled ionization chamber (AIC). The system shows a wide dynamic range of 160 dB. It can detect the low level signal that would arise in the case of the detection of residual dose in the ring itself after the beam has been turned off as well as an event such as high level beam loss at the collimators. The signal rise time of the waveform obtained is 17 us which fast enough to meet the speed requirement of the Machine Protection System (MPS); which is that the MPS should dump the beam within 100 us when the beam loss signal exceeds the reference levels set in the ADC system.

Slides TUOAB3 [2.692 MB]

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TUYB1

First Measurements of Trojan Horse Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

plasma, laser, electron, wakefield

1252

B. Hidding, A. Beaton, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, A. Sutherland, D. Ullmann
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
E. Adli, C.A. Lindstrøm
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
E. Adli, S.J. Gessner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Andonian, A. Deng, J.B. Rosenzweig
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
G. Andonian
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
A. Beaton, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, A. Sutherland, D. Ullmann
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
D.L. Bruhwiler
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
J.R. Cary
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
C.I. Clarke, S.Z. Green, M.J. Hogan, B.D. O'Shea, V. Yakimenko
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
M. Downer, R. Zgadzaj
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
T. Heinemann, A. Knetsch
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
T. Heinemann, G. Wittig
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
O.S. Karger
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
M.D. Litos
Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
J.D.A. Smith
TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Plasma accelerators support accelerating fields of 100's of GV/m over meter-scale distances and routinely produce femtosecond-scale, multi-kA electron bunches. The so called Trojan Horse underdense photocathode plasma wakefield acceleration scheme combines state-of-the-art accelerator technology with laser and plasma methods and paves the way to improve beam quality as regards emittance and energy spread by many orders of magnitude. Electron beam brightness levels exceeding 10²⁰ Am^-2 rad^-2 may be reached, and the tunability allows for multi-GeV energies, designer bunches and energy spreads <0.05% in a single plasma accelerator stage. The talk will present results of the international E210 multi-year experimental program at SLAC FACET, which culminated in successful first demonstration of the Trojan Horse method during FACET's final experimental run in 2016. Enabling implications for applications, including high performance plasma-based 5th generation light sources such as hard x-ray FEL's, for which start-to-end simulations are presented, and for high energy physics are discussed.

Slides TUYB1 [19.089 MB]

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TUPAB004

Progress of 7-GeV SuperKEKB Injector Linac Upgrade and Commissioning

positron, gun, linac, electron

1300

K. Furukawa, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, H. Ego, A. Enomoto, Y. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funahashi, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, M. Kawamura, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, M. Nishida, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, F. Qiu, I. Satake, D. Satoh, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, A. Shirakawa, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, N. Toge, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, R. Zhang, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK injector linac has delivered electrons and positrons for particle physics and photon science experiments for more than 30 years. It is being upgraded for the SuperKEKB project, which aims at a 40-fold increase in luminosity over the previous project KEKB, in order to increase our understanding of new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. SuperKEKB asymmetric electron and positron collider with its extremely high luminosity requires a high current, low emittance and low energy spread injection beam from the injector. Electron beams will be generated by a new type of RF gun, that will provide a much higher beam current to correspond to a large stored beam current and a short lifetime in the ring. The positron source is another major challenge that enhances the positron bunch intensity from 1 to 4 nC by increasing the positron capture efficiency, and the positron beam emittance is reduced from 2000 micron to 20 micron in the vertical plane by introducing a damping ring, followed by the bunch compressor and energy compressor. The recent status of the upgrade and beam commissioning is reported.

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TUPAB009

Design Study on CEPC Positron Damping Ring and Bunch Compressor

damping, linac, positron, emittance

1318

D. Wang, Y.L. Chi, J. Gao, X.P. Li, C. Meng, J.R. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
G. Pei
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The primary purpose of CEPC damping ring is to reduce the transverse phase spaces of positron beam to suitably small value at the beginning of Linac and also adjust the time structure of positron beam for reinjection into the Linac. Longitudinal bunch length control was provided to minimize wake field effects in the Linac by a bunch compressor system after the damping ring. Both designs for damping ring and bunch compressor were discussed in this paper.

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TUPAB011

Beam Dynamics Simulation in Two Versions of New Photogun for FCC-ee Electron Injector Linac

linac, simulation, electron, beam-loading

1326

S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. The project includes three modes: ee, hh and eh interactions for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2-14 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Injector linac should provide two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. Two possible schemes of photogun are comprised and results of beam dynamics simulation in both FCC-ee injection linac photoguns are discussed.

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TUPAB062

Single Dipole Kicker Injection Into the Sesame Storage Ring

kicker, dipole, septum, storage-ring

1463

K. Manukyan, I.A. Abid, M. Attal, M. Ebbeni, E. Huttel
SESAME, Allan, Jordan

SESAME (Synchrotron Radiation Light Source in Allan, Jordan) consists of an 800 MeV injector (original from BESSY I, Berlin, Germany) and a 2.5 GeV storage ring. Extraction out of the Booster is done by means of a bumper, a delay-line kicker, and a direct driven in-vacuum septum. This paper will present the injection procedure into the storage ring. Simulations of the injection process are compared to the results obtained during commissioning

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TUPAB063

High Energy Transport Line Design for the HEPS Project

booster, storage-ring, extraction, quadrupole

1466

Y.Y. Guo, Z. Duan, Y. Jiao, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a kilometer-scale storage ring light source with the energy of 6GeV is to be built in China. For the injection scheme of the stor-age ring, on-axis injection is the baseline scheme. To simultaneously accommodate on-axis accumulation and swap-out injection schemes, we designed two high energy transport lines. In this paper we will report the detailed design of these two transport lines, including the layout and lattice design.

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TUPAB065

The Progress of HEPS Booster Design

booster, lattice, storage-ring, emittance

1472

Y.M. Peng, Z. Duan, Y.Y. Guo, D. Ji, Y. Jiao, S.K. Tian, G. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a kilometre-scale, ultralow-emittance storage ring light source, is to be built in Beijing, China. For HEPS, a full energy booster synchrotron operating at a frequency of 2Hz is considered. In this paper, we will report the progress of the lattice design and physics studies on HEPS booster, containing the injection consideration, ramping process, error studies, and so on.

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TUPAB080

Considerations of the HALS Injection System and a New Non-linear Kicker Design

kicker, accumulation, multipole, lattice

1503

L. Shang, W. Liu, Y. Lu, F.L. Shang, Z.B. Sun
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2016YFA0402000(2016YFA0402002)
Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) is a newly designed diffraction-limited synchrotron radiation source with an energy of 2GeV and a natural emittance of 18.4 pm. A project to build test facility of this new light source has been approved and funded in 2017. Among many key subsystems, the injection system of HALS is a very important one. Both on-axis swap out, on-axis longitudinal accumulation and off-axis single multipole kicker injection are considered. For on-axis fast kicker injection, basic parameters of the system are given. Layout of kickers and septums are presented. For off-axis multipole injection, non-linear kickers (NLK) draw much attention in recent years, various studies have been carried out in many laboratories. But it suffered from low injection efficiency and has not been used in routine operation. In this paper, we propose a new ferrite-loaded non-linear kicker (FNLK) and a prototype FNLK has been developed and tested. Compared to the air bus design of NLK, the FNLK not only improves the flat region of magnetic field but also reduce the error sensitivity of bars' position.

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TUPAB099

Status of MAX IV Linac Beam Commissioning and Performance

linac, gun, storage-ring, sextupole

1547

S. Thorin, J. Andersson, M. Brandin, F. Curbis, L. Isaksson, M. Kotur, D. Kumbaro, F. Lindau, E. Mansten, D. Olsson, R. Svärd, S. Werin
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
J. Björklund Svensson
Lund University, Division of Atomic Physics, Lund, Sweden

The MAX IV linac is used both for full energy injection into two storage rings at 3 GeV and 1.5 GeV, and as a high brightness driver for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). The linac has also been designed to handle the high demands of an FEL injector. The linac is now routinely injecting into the two storage rings, and commissioning work is focused towards delivering high brightness pulses to the SPF. In this paper we present results from characterisation of the linac in ring injection mode, as well as results from measurements of key parameters for the SPF such as bunch length and emittance.

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TUPAB109

Study on Injection with Pulsed Multipole Magnet for SPS Storage Ring

multipole, kicker, operation, storage-ring

1573

T. Pulampong, P. Klysubun, P. Sudmuang, P. Sunwong
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Pulsed multipole magnet (PM) has zero magnetic field at the centre, therefore it introduces no perturbation to the stored beam. It has been demonstrated that this injection scheme is able to minimise the oscillation of the stored beam, and thus make it suitable for top-up operation. To investigate the suitability of employing this injection method at Siam Photon Source, PM was modelled and optimised for best performance using particle tracking based method. This work presents injection optimisation process with PM considering various constraints such as position of injected beam, injection conditions, and effects of installed IDs.

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TUPAB121

Bench Measurements and Beam Tests of a Prototype Stripline Kicker for Swap-Out Injection in the ALS-U

kicker, impedance, vacuum, alignment

1599

S. De Santis, J.M. Byrd, T.H. Luo, G.C. Pappas, C. Steier, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The ALS upgrade to a diffraction-limited light source (ALS-U Project) relies on a swap-out injection scheme, where the circulating current is maintained constant by injecting on-axis fresh bunch trains, replacing old trains, which are simultaneously extracted. The realization of a stripline kicker to perform such an operation presents several challenges in terms of optimal matching to the pulser, contributions to the beam coupling impedance, and dissipation of the power deposited by the stored beam. To test our design choices for the ALS-U kicker, we have built and installed on the ALS a kicker with characteristics similar to the design for the ALS-U, as the more challenging aspects of the project are concerned. In particular, while the small distance between stripline electrodes reduces the required pulser voltage, the extreme proximity of the circulating beam requires a careful evaluation of the interaction between beam and kicker. In this paper we present the first measurements with beam, after the test kicker installation, together with the results of bench measurements performed on a cold model and computer simulations.

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TUPIK006

FLASHForward - A Future-Oriented Wakefield-Accelerator Research and Development Facility at FLASH

plasma, electron, laser, diagnostics

1692

R.T.P. D'Arcy, A. Aschikhin, C. Behrens, S. Bohlen, J. Dale, L. Di Lucchio, M. Felber, B. Foster, L. Goldberg, J.-N. Gruse, Z. Hu, G. Indorg, S. Karstensen, O. S. Kononenko, V. Libov, K. Ludwig, A. Martinez de la Ossa, F. Marutzky, T.J. Mehrling, P. Niknejadi, J. Osterhoff, P. Pourmoussavi, M. Quast, J.-H. Röckemann, L. Schaper, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, S. Schröder, J.-P. Schwinkendorf, B. Sheeran, G.E. Tauscher, J. Thesinga, V. Wacker, S. Weichert, S. Wesch, S. Wunderlich, J. Zemella
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
B. Foster, T.J. Mehrling
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
A. Knetsch
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
C.A.J. Palmer, M.J.V. Streeter
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Funding: Helmholtz ARD program and the VH-VI-503
FLASHForward is a beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration facility, currently under construction at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), aiming at the stable generation of electron beams of several GeV with small energy spread and emittance. High-quality 1 GeV-class electron beams from the free-electron laser FLASH will act as the wake driver. The setup will allow studies of external injection as well as density-downramp injection. With a triangular-shaped driver beam electron energies of up to 5 GeV from a few centimeters of plasma can be anticipated. Particle-In-Cell simulations are used to assess the feasibility of each technique and to predict properties of the accelerated electron bunches. In this contribution the current status of FLASHForward, along with recent experimental developments and upcoming scientific plans, will be reviewed.

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TUPIK009

External Injection Into a Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerator With Sub-Femtosecond Timing Jitter

plasma, laser, electron, acceleration

1699

A. Ferran Pousa, R.W. Aßmann, R. Brinkmann, A. Martinez de la Ossa
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Martinez de la Ossa
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany

The use of external injection in plasma acceleration is attractive due to the high control over the electron beam parameters, which can be tailored to meet the plasma requirements and therefore preserve its quality during acceleration. However, using this technique requires an extremely fine synchronization between the driver and witness beams. In this paper, we present a new scheme for external injection in a laser-driven plasma accelerator that would allow, for the first time, sub-femtosecond timing jitter between laser pulse and electron beam.

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TUPIK024

Study of High Transformer Ratio Plasma Wakefield Acceleration for Accelerator Parameters of SXFEL Using 3D PIC Simulations

plasma, simulation, acceleration, wakefield

1734

S. Huang, J.F. Hua, F. Li, W. Lu, C.H. Pai, Y. Wan, Y.P. Wu, S.Y. Zhou
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. An, C. Joshi, W.B. Mori, X.L. Xu
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.X. Deng, B. Liu, D. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.T. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

High transformer ratio (HTR) Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA) based on shaped electron bunches is an important topic of plasma wakefield acceleration for future light sources and colliders [1]. To explore the possibility of implementing PWFA at SXFEL, we performed 3D PIC simulations using shaped electron beam parameters obtained by start-to-end beam line simulations [2]. The PIC simulations show that an average transformer ratio around 4 can be maintained for about 10 cm long low density plasma, and the energy gain of the trailing bunch eventually reaches 5.9 GeV. Simulations and analysis are also performed to check the effects of transverse beam size on HTR acceleration. In addition, plasma density downramp injection has also been tested as a possible high brightness injection method for HTR acceleration, and preliminary results will be presented.
[*] Lu W, An W, Huang C, et al. High Transformer ratio PWFA for Applications on XFELs. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2009, 54.
[**] Z. Wang, Z. T. Zhao, et al. private communication

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TUPIK036

Use of Laser Wakefield Accelerators as Injectors for Compact Storage Rings

laser, electron, storage-ring, emittance

1760

K.A. Dewhurst, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
B.D. Muratori
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
B.D. Muratori
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is funded by the STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council).
Compact storage rings require a compact acceleration solution. We propose the use of a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) as an injector for compact electron storage rings to produce synchrotron radiation. In particular, we study the injection of 0.7 GeV and 3 GeV electrons into the DIAMOND storage ring and consider implications for future storage ring design. Whilst laser-based acceleration is well-known as a driver for future electron-positron colliders and future free-electron lasers, here we propose it is also advantageous to provide electrons for 3rd-generation storage rings. The electron beams produced by LWFAs have a naturally very small emittance around 1 nm and moderate energy spread of a few percent. Combining these beam parameters with the compact size of a LWFA makes them highly favourable compared to traditional linac or booster synchrotron injector chains.chains.

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TUPIK043

Upgrade of the Neutron Dose Measurement System at BESSY

neutron, radiation, electron, synchrotron

1781

K. Ott, Y. Bergmann, M. Martin, L. Pichl
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie and by the Land Berlin
Neutron radiation fields at synchrotron light sources are caused by bremsstrahlung from electron losses in accelerator components. Inside the enclosure and in transversal direction neutron and gamma radiation is of the same order of magnitude but high energy neutrons are much more penetrating. This causes outside the shielding neutron spectra with two broad maxima at about 1 MeV and 100 MeV. Standard Anderson-Braun or Leake neutron monitors measure thermalized neutrons in a proportional counter tube by nuclear reactions which limits the measurement range to neutron energies < 10 MeV. This implies two considerable systematic errors: Pulsed neutron beams causes dead-time losses due to the time structure of injections and the moderators are not sufficient to moderate high energy neutrons down to thermal energies. We determined and fixed these measurement errors by faster preamplifiers and by a more effective moderator developed by us, which expands the measurement range up to several GeV. Examples of the application at BESSY are presented.

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TUPIK046

Beam-Based Feedbacks for FAIR - Prototyping at the SIS18

feedback, controls, extraction, proton

1787

R.J. Steinhagen, J. Fitzek, H.C. Hüther, H. Liebermann, R. Müller, D. Ondreka, H. Reeg, B.R. Schlei, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction, extends and supersedes GSI's existing infrastructure. Its core challenges include the precise control of highest proton and uranium ion beam intensities, the required extreme high vacuum conditions, machine protection and activation issues while providing a high degree of multi-user mode of operation with facility reconfiguration on time-scales of a few times per week. To optimise turn-around times and to establish a safe and reliable machine operation, a comprehensive suite of semi-automated measurement applications, as well as fully-automated beam-based feedbacks will be deployed, covering the control of orbit, Q/Q', spill structure, optics, and other machine parameters. These systems are based on the LSA settings management framework, code-shared with and also used at CERN. The concepts, software architecture and first prototype beam tests at the SIS18 in 2016 are presented. As an initial proof-of-concept, a cycle-to-cycle orbit* and macro-spill feedback, as well as a semi-automated magnetic quadrupole- and sextupole-centre measurement tool have been selected.
*results presented in separate contribution

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TUPIK066

Beam Loss Simulation and Radiation Shielding for Top-Off Operation of Hefei Light Source

electron, storage-ring, shielding, simulation

1845

X. Zhou, J.Y. Li, J.G. Wang, S.W. Wang, W.B. Wu, W. Xu, K. Xuan, Q.B. Zeng
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

The Hefei Light Source (HLS) is undergoing a series of upgrades to prepare for the top-off operation. To ensure radiation safety in the experimental hall under abnormal beam loss, simulations under various system errors in the HLS storage ring are performed to get in-depth understanding of the induced radiation nature. To make the radiation shielding more effective, a beam scraper is used to decrease the aperture opening of the vacuum chamber, and additional shielding is installed around the scraper. Simulation and beam test results are reported in this paper.

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TUPIK088

Development of a New System for Detailed LHC Filling Diagnostics and Statistics

diagnostics, framework, software, controls

1905

A. Calia, K. Fuchsberger, G.H. Hemelsoet, D. Jacquet
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the CERN accelerator complex the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is used as injector of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Statistics on the injection and beam availability in 2015 showed that too much time is spent at injection. Reducing this time could improve LHC availability and luminosity over the year. Currently, useful data to diagnose the problems is sparse and shown in different applications. Operators time is wasted in debugging and checking for the source of the problem before trying another injection. A new Software application for diagnostics of the LHC Filling is under development which collects data from multiple inputs of the CERN Control System and concentrates them in one central view. The inputs are processed and matched with a set of rules (or assertions) that need to be fulfilled for an injection to be successful. Whenever a problem occurs, the operator can check the Filling Diagnostic for hints on what is the source of the problem during the injection. Filling Diagnostic also produces statistics of the LHC injections and the causes of failed injections, this will allow significantly better analysis of the LHC performance for next year.

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TUPIK102

Introduction of Operating Procedures at TPS

controls, operation, electron, vacuum

1951

C.S. Huang, B.Y. Chen, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.H. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, W.Y. Lin, Y.-C. Liu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is the latest generation of 3 GeV synchrotron light source which subsystem includes magnet, power supply, vacuum, RF system, insertion device, control system, etc. The operating procedures and checking items are complex. To speed up the machine start-up and shut-down procedures, check the system's status, and prevent misoperation, we summarize the procedures for routine operation and develop the integrated control interface, which concentrates most machine information and control functions into a single window. This interface clearly indicates the machine status and improves operational efficiency.

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TUPIK103

Development of Automatic Turn-on Systems for TPS Machine

operation, linac, controls, booster

1954

T.Y. Lee, B.Y. Chen, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.C. Liang, W.Y. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been successfully commissioned and has reached now stable operation. Now, the machine must be turned off routinely for week-ly maintenance. While following standard machine turn-on procedures for now, we have developed an automatic turn-on program to accelerate operation, for automatic system status checks and to prevent human errors. The turn-on program process flow includes: turn-on of the LTB (linac to booster transport line), the BTS (booster to storage ring transport line), the SR (storage ring), the BR (booster ring) power supplies and BR&SR pulsers as well as degaussing magnets, turning on the BR&SR RF sys-tems, activating the linac electron source, opening all insertion device (ID) gaps to their parking positions, set-ting all ID phases to zero, controlling all front ends (FEs) and loading the desired machine lattice. Individual pro-cedures can be executed alone depending on the desired practical situation. Experience so far shows, that it takes about 30 minutes to proceed from tunnel safety search to the injection ready state of the light source, including a 20 minute period for magnet degaussing.

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TUPIK116

Injection Bucket Jitter Compensation Using Phase Lock System at Fermilab Booster

booster, controls, extraction, proton

1999

K. Seiya, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, W. Pellico
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Phase synchronization between Booster extraction and Recycler injection has been done with the phase lock loop at Booster extraction. The phase Lock Loop control rf phase by changing radial position at extraction and it causes ± one bucket error, not phase error at Recycler injection. By switching a mode of operation for the phase lock loop by measuring the extraction gap position, the jitter was eliminated. The beam loss at the Recycler injection was reduced by 20%. Beam studies and the phase lock system will be discussed in this paper.

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TUPIK119

Control of Intra-Bunch Vertical Instabilities at the SPS - Measurements and Technology Demonstration

feedback, controls, kicker, optics

2005

J.D. Fox, J.E. Dusatko, C.H. Rivetta, O. Turgut
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
H. Bartosik, W. Höfle, K.S.B. Li, E. Métral, B. Salvant, U. Wehrle
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S. De Santis
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DOE-AC02-76SF00515, the US LHC Accelerator Research Program ( LARP), the FP7 High Luminosity LHC Project and the US-Japan Cooperative Program in High Energy Physics
We present recent measurements demonstrating control of unstable beam motion in single bunch and bunch train configurations at the SPS. The work is motivated by anticipated intensity increases from the LIU and HL-LHC upgrade programs, and has included the development of a GHz bandwidth reconfigurable 4 GS/S signal processor with wideband kickers and associated amplifiers. The system was operated at 3.2GS/s with 16 samples across a 5 ns RF bucket (4.2 ns bunch at injection). The experimental results confirm damping of intra-bunch instabilities in both Q20 and Q26 optics configurations for intensities of 2x10¹¹ P/bunch. Instabilities with growth times of 200 turns are well-controlled from injection, consistent with the achievable gains for the 2 installed stripline kickers with 1 kW broadband power. Measurements from multiple studies in single-bunch and bunch train configurations show achieved damping rates, control of multiple intra-bunch modes, behavior of the system at injection and final damped noise floor. We present an analysis method to study the relative phase of slice motion during a transient to discriminate between TMCI and other types of Head-Tail instabilities.

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TUPVA001

Progress on the Optics Corrections of FCC-hh

quadrupole, dipole, coupling, lattice

2019

D. Boutin, A. Chancé, B. Dalena
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The FCC-hh (Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider) is one of the three options considered for the next generation accelerator in high-energy physics as recommended by the European Strategy Group, and the natural evolution of existing LHC. Studies are ongoing about the evaluation of the various magnets mechanical errors and field errors tolerances in the arc sections of FCC-hh, as well as an estimation of the correctors strengths necessary to perform the corrections of the errors. In this study advanced correction schemes for the residual orbit, the linear coupling and the ring tune are described. The impact of magnet tolerances on the residual errors, on the correctors technological choice and on the beam screen design are discussed. In particular the effect of the dipole a2 error is emphasized.

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TUPVA003

Advance on Dynamic Aperture at Injection for FCC-hh

dipole, optics, dynamic-aperture, target

2027

B. Dalena, D. Boutin, A. Chancé
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
B.J. Holzer, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This Research and Innovation Action project submitted to call H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1 receives funding from the European Union's H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 654305.
In the hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) study, the first evaluation of dipole field quality, based on the Nb3Sn technology, has shown a Dynamic Aperture at injection above the LHC target value. In this paper the effect of field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using the updated lattice design, is presented. Tolerances on the main multipole components are evaluated including feed-down effect.

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TUPVA007

Impact of LHC and SPS Injection Kicker Rise Times on Lhc Filling Schemes and Luminosity Reach

kicker, emittance, luminosity, timing

2043

W. Bartmann, M.J. Barnes, J. Boyd, E. Carlier, A. Chmielinska, B. Goddard, G. Kotzian, C. Schwick, L.S. Stoel, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, V. Vlachodimitropoulos, C. Wiesner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The 2016 LHC proton filling schemes generally used a spacing between injections of batches of bunches into SPS and LHC corresponding to the design report specification for the SPS and LHC injection kicker rise times, respectively. A reduction of the batch spacing can be directly used to increase luminosity without detrimental effects on beam stability, and with no increase in the number of events per crossing seen by the experiments. Measurements and simulations were performed in SPS and LHC to understand if a shorter injection kicker rise time and associated tighter batch spacing would lead to increased injection oscillations of the first and last bunches of a bunch train and eventually also a systematic growth of the transverse emittance. The results were used to define the minimum possible batch spacing for an acceptable emittance growth in LHC, with gains of reductions of about 10% possible in both machines. The results are discussed, including the potential improvement of the LHC luminosity for different filling schemes.

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TUPVA019

Impact and Mitigation of Electron Cloud Effects in the Operation of the Large Hadron Collider

electron, cryogenics, operation, impedance

2085

G. Iadarola, B. Bradu, P. Dijkstal, L. Mether, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2015 and in 2016 the Large Hadron Collider has been routinely operated with 25 ns bunch spacing. With this beam configuration electron clouds develop in a large fraction of the beam chambers, in spite of a very large electron dose accumulated on the surfaces. This posed several challenges to different aspects of the beam operation. In particular, the machine settings had to be optimized in order to mitigate coherent and incoherent effects of the electron cloud on the beam dynamics while a specifically designed feed-forward control had to be implemented and optimized in order to dynamically adapt the regulations of the cryogenic system to the strong heat load deposited by the electron cloud on the beam screens of the cryogenic magnets. At the same time, the data collected from the different accelerator subsystems (heat loads, vacuum pressures, evolution of the bunch by bunch beam parameters) allowed to significantly improve our models and understanding on these phenomena.

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TUPVA020

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN: Ion Injector Chain

ion, extraction, luminosity, kicker

2089

H. Bartosik, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, V. Toivanen, F.J.C. Wenander
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC injector chain for Pb-ion beams at CERN consists of Linac3, the accumulator ring LEIR, the PS and the SPS. In the context of the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) project an intense program of machine development studies has been performed in the last two years to maximise the intensity of Pb-ion beams at LHC injection. In this paper we present an analysis of the operational performance achieved so far, with the goal of 1) identifying the remaining performance bottlenecks along the chain and possible areas for improvement, and 2) to optimize the Pb-ion beam production scheme for the High Luminosity (HL-) LHC era. A consistent set of beam parameters for the HL-LHC era has been established taking into account the already achieved improvements as well as foreseen upgrades still to be implemented, such as slip stacking in the SPS.

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TUPVA030

Measurement of Beta-Beating Due to Strong Head-on Beam-Beam Interactions in the LHC

dipole, emittance, optics, simulation

2121

P. Gonçalves Jorge, J. Barranco García, T. Pieloni
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
X. Buffat, F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, E. Fol, L.E. Medina Medrano, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC operation relies on a good knowledge of the optics, usually corrected in absence of beam-beam interactions. In a near future, both the LHC and the HL-LHC will need to cope with large head-on beam-beam parameters, the impact on the optics needs to be understood and, if necessary, corrected. The results of a dedicated experiment performed at injection energy are discussed in this paper.

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TUPVA047

IBS Simulation with Different RF Configurations in RHIC

emittance, simulation, cavity, proton

2178

C. Liu, A.V. Fedotov, M.G. Minty, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This report focuses on three dimensional emittance growth of polarized proton beam due to Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) at RHIC. Simulations are presented which give guidance on the configuration of the RF systems to mitigate IBS-induced emittance growth. In addition, simulated growth rates are compared with measured emittance evolution at injection, which shows better agreement in longitudinal than transverse dimension. The results in this report will help us better understand the emittance evolution for current RHIC operations and for future operations (eRHIC).

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TUPVA049

Re-Visiting RHIC Snakes and Spin Orbit

polarization, proton, collider, dipole

2184

F. Méot, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, A. Marusic, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Recent analyses of RHIC run12 to run15 proton-carbon polarimeter measurements have shown significant tilt of the polarization vector from vertical, at high energy essentially. This is confirmed by extensive measurements performed in the present Run 17. Possible origins of such large tilt may reside in snake spin rotation angle or orbit defects, to mention just two. Dedicated simulations have been undertaken to investigate possible causes, they are presented and discussed, they include the computation and use of 3-D field maps of RHIC siberian snakes.

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TUPVA050

RHIC Polarized Proton Operation for 2017

resonance, lattice, polarization, luminosity

2188

V.H. Ranjbar, P. Adams, Z. Altinbas, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, P.S. Dyer, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, C.E. Harper, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, J. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, P. Oddo, M. Okamura, S. Perez, A.I. Pikin, A. Poblaguev, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, Z. Sorrell, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, W. Zhang, B. van Kuik
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-SC0012704
The 2017 operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) involved the running of only a single experiment at STAR with PHENIX offline in the process of the upgrade to sPHENIX. For this run there were several notable changes to machine operations. These included, transverse polarization, luminosity leveling, a new approach to machine protection and the development of new store and ramped lattices. The new 255 GeV store lattice was designed to both accommodate the necessary phase advance between the e-lens and IP8 for testing and to maximize dynamic aperture. The new lattices on the ramp were designed to maximize polarization transmission during the three strong intrinsic spin resonances crossings. Finally we are also commissioning new 9 MHz RF cavities during this run.

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TUPVA056

Ionization Loss and Dynamic Vacuum in Heavy Ion Synchrotrons

ion, vacuum, synchrotron, heavy-ion

2201

L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Dynamic vacuum effects, induced by charge exchange processes and ion impact driven gas desorption, generate an intensity limitation for high intensity heavy ion synchrotrons. In order to reach ultimate heavy ion intensities, medium charge state heavy ions are used. The cross sections for charge exchange in collisions with residual gas molecules for such beams are much higher, than for highly charged heavy ion beams. Therefore high pumping power is required to obtain a very low static residual gas pressure and to suppress vacuum dynamics during operation. In modern heavy ion synchrotrons different techniques are employed: NEG-coating, cryogenic pumping, and low-desorption ion-catcher. The unique StrahlSim code allows the comparison of different design options for heavy ion synchrotrons. Different aspects of dynamic vacuum limitations are summarized, such as the dependence on different injection parameter. A comparison between a room temperature and a cryogenic synchrotron from the vacuum point of view is given.

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TUPVA059

Overcoming the Space Charge Limit: Development of an Electron Lens for SIS18

electron, ion, gun, space-charge

2211

D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Apse-Apsitis
Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
K. Schulte
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction will deliver intense ion beams to its experimental users. The requested intensities require filling the existing synchrotron SIS18, which serves as injector to FAIR, up to the space charge (SC) limit. Operation under these conditions is challenging due to the large tune footprint of the beam, demanding delicate control of adverse effects caused by machine imperfections to avoid emittance growth and beam loss. To facilitate the high intensity operation, the installation of an electron lens for SC compensation into SIS18 is foreseen. This requires an electron beam of a current of several amperes with longitudinal and transverse distributions matched to those of the ion beam during the cycle. The electron beam needs to be RF modulated at a bandwidth of a few MHz with time varying amplitude ranging from DC to fully modulated, while the transverse size needs to be continuously adapted to the adiabatically shrinking ion beam. This contribution reports on the requirements on an electron lens for SC compensation in SIS18.

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TUPVA091

Batch Compression Scheme for Multi-MW J-PARC

booster, cavity, beam-loading, proton

2294

C. Ohmori, M. Furusawa, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, Y. Sugiyama, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Replacement of all J-PARC MR cavities has completed in this summer to increase the RF voltage. Nine sets of new high-gradient FT3L cavities will generate the required RF voltage for the 1.16 second cycle operation. Upgrade of magnet power supplies is planned and the cycle time becomes 1.3 seconds from the present 2.48 seconds in FY2018 to achieve the beam power of 750 kW-1 MW. For the further improvement of beam power, a new rapid-cycling booster is considered to increase the injection energy of the MR from 3 GeV to 6-8 GeV. By the reduction of the space charge effects, the injection time can be extended and a batch compression scheme becomes possible. It will increase the number of bunches from 8 to 11 or 12 during the beam injection. And, recent beam study of the 3 GeV RCS shows the potential capability of 6.6·10¹³ proton per bunch. Combining these improvements with the booster, the beam power of 3 MW will be manageable.

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TUPVA093

Radio-Activation Caused by Secondary Particles Due to Nuclear Reactions at the Stripper Foil in the J-PARC RCS

proton, operation, synchrotron, beam-losses

2300

M. Yoshimoto, H. Hotchi, S. Kato, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The most important issue in realizing such a MW-class high-power routine beam operation is to keep machine activations within a permissible level, that is, to preserve a better hands-on-maintenance environment. Thus, a large fraction of our effort has been concentrated on reducing and managing beam losses. However the high residual activation is appeared around the stripper foils. It is caused by not primary particles due to the beam losses but secondary particles due to nuclear reaction at the foil. This radio-activation is an intrinsically serious problem for the RCS which adopts the charge exchange multi-turn beam injection scheme with the stripper foil. In this presentation, we report a detail measurement of the residual dose around the stripper foil together with the cause estimated based on simulation studies.

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TUPVA106

Solvements of the Asynchronization between the Bpms and Corrector Power Supplies in RCS of CSNS*

software, EPICS, hardware, power-supply

2339

M.T. Li
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
Y.W. An, Y.D. Liu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 11405189)
This paper studies the possible solvements of the asyn-chronization between the BPMs and Corrector Supplies in RCS of CSNS, to increase the accuracy of the response matrix measurement and the obit correction.

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TUPVA123

Status of DESIREE

ion, storage-ring, experiment, detector

2379

A. Simonsson, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Cederquist, K. Chartkunchand, G. Eklund, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, H. Motzkau, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm has been running since 2011(?). In the cold (13 K) environment with an excellent vacuum, very long storage times in both rings have been achieved, which has enabled the preparation of beams in a single quantum state. The status of DESIREE is presented with particular emphasis on measurements of stored beam currents in the sub-nA range. We also discuss the ongoing work towards stochastic cooling of very slow beams.

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TUPVA128

Performance of the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies into the LHC during the Second Proton-Lead Run

ion, emittance, proton, extraction

2395

R. Alemany-Fernández, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, E. Carlier, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, A. Huschauer, M.A. Jebramcik, S. Jensen, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, T. Mertens, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, A. Saá Hernández, M. Schaumann, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, H. Timko, V. Toivanen, G. Tranquille, F.M. Velotti, F.J.C. Wenander, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC performance during the proton-lead run in 2016 fully relied on a permanent monitoring and systematic improvement of the beam quality in all the injectors. The beam production and characteristics are explained in this paper, together with the improvements realized during the run from the source up to the flat top of the LHC. Transmission studies from one accelerator to the next as well as beam quality evolution studies during the cycle at each accelerator, have been carried out and are summarized in this paper. In 2016, the LHC had to deliver the beams to the experiments at two different energies, 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV. The properties of the beams at these two energies are also presented

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WEOAA3

Realizing a High-Intensity Low-Emittance Beam in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS

emittance, sextupole, resonance, extraction

2470

H. Hotchi, H. Harada, S. Kato, K. Okabe, P.K. Saha, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, N. Tani, Y. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The J-PARC 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) has two functions; one as a proton driver to produce pulsed muons and neutrons, and the other as an injector to the following 50-GeV main ring (MR). RCS is now intensively developing a high-intensity beam test to realize a high-intensity low-emittance beam with less beam halo required from MR. This paper presents the recent experimental results, together with detailed discussions for the emittance growth and its mitigation mechanisms.

Slides WEOAA3 [1.732 MB]

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WEOCA1

Performance of SOLARIS Storage Ring

storage-ring, electron, closed-orbit, photon

2490

A.I. Wawrzyniak, P.B. Borowiec, M.B. Jaglarz, A. Kisiel, P.M. Klimczyk, M.A. Knafel, M.P. Kopeć, A.M. Marendziak, S. Piela, P. Sagało, M.J. Stankiewicz, K. Wawrzyniak, M. Zając
Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

After one year of the Solaris storage ring commission-ing excellent performance has been achieved. The optics was corrected close to the design values. However, some minor adjustments are still needed. The commissioning of the Solaris 1.5 GeV storage ring required a big effort in machine parameters optimization. Performance of posi-tion monitoring devices has proven essential for the suc-cessful optimization of beam parameters such as: closed orbit, tune, chromaticity, and dispersion. Now, the effort is focused on fine-tuning the machine by implementing the linear optics from orbit correction (LOCO) and reduc-ing the disparity between model and measured results revealed by the phase advance analysis and dispersion measurement. Moreover, during daily operation the main task is to maintain long-term stability of the circulating electron beam allowing for beamlines commissioning. Within this presentation the current status of the Solaris facility and the commissioning results will be reported.

Slides WEOCA1 [13.180 MB]

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WEOCA2

Experience of Taiwan Photon Source Commissioning and Operation

vacuum, operation, radiation, booster

2495

Y.-C. Liu, C.H. Chen, J.Y. Chen, M.-S. Chiu, P.J. Chou, S. Fann, C.S. Huang, C.-C. Kuo, T.Y. Lee, C.C. Liang, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, F.H. Tseng
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The TPS commissioning period is from August 2014 to March 2016. The experience of phase I [1] (bare lattice 2014.8~2015.3) and phase II [2,3] (SRF and insertion devices 2015.9~2016.3) commissioning is overviewed. Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) started user operation in March 2016. The delivery user time reached 3211 hours. The continuous improvements of integrated accelerator performance are described and future developments are discussed.

Slides WEOCA2 [32.368 MB]

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WEPAB004

Progress Status for the 10 Year Old SOLEIL Synchrotron Radiation Facility

operation, storage-ring, booster, undulator

2564

L.S. Nadolski, Y.-M. Abiven, P. Brunelle, A. Buteau, N. Béchu, M.-E. Couprie, X. Delétoille, J.M. Dubuisson, C. Herbeaux, N. Hubert, M. Labat, J.-F. Lamarre, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, A. Loulergue, M. Louvet, P. Marchand, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau, A. Nadji, R. Nagaoka, F. Ribeiro, K.T. Tavakoli, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Synchrotron SOLEIL has just turned 10 years since its commissioning. The 2.75 GeV facility is now delivering very stable photon beams to 29 beam lines. A total of 5 operation modes are available in top-up. Maintaining and updating the key performance metric remains a daily work facing both aging of components and tighter operation requirements. Low-alpha operation is attracting more beam lines leading us to an upgrade of the Booster (BOO) radiofrequency (RF) system in order to increase the injection efficiency into the storage ring (SR). The femtoslicing experiment is now in production for a hard X-ray beam line; a dedicated chicane has been installed for a second beam line in the soft X-ray regime. The two long canted beam lines can operate simultaneously at minimum gaps since May 2016 thanks to the introduction of a dedicated photon absorber and a fast angle interlock. R&D work in several areas will be reported. In parallel lattice design are in progress both for short term and long term evolution of the ring performance.

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WEPAB005

First MOGA Optimization of the Soleil Lattice

lattice, storage-ring, synchrotron, simulation

2568

L.S. Nadolski, P. Brunelle, X.N. Gavaldà
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The first optimization of the nonlinear beam dynamics of the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation light sources using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm is reported. After benchmarking ELEGANT against TRACY3, beam lifetime studies with the operation lattice and fine-tuning of the storage ring model, MOGA-ELEGANT was used to find the best settings of quadrupole and sextupole magnets in order to maximize the dynamic and momentum apertures used as proxies for the Touschek lifetime and the injection efficiency respectively. The solutions obtained after one month of computation in the high level computational cluster of SOLEIL using 200 CPUs are detailed. The improvement of the Touschek lifetime obtained with MOGA is confirmed by the beam-based experiments. The beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring was increased experimentally by 40% as predicted by the simulations.

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WEPAB006

Performance Improvements of the BESSY II Storage Ring by Optimizing the Phase Acceptance

sextupole, resonance, storage-ring, optics

2571

P. Kuske, J. Li
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Linear optics modifications in order to improve injec-tion efficiency and for the installation of two IDs in one straight section demand an optimization of the sextupole correction scheme. Four harmonic sextupole families were sufficient with the earlier 8-fold symmetric lattice. Today there are ten families of harmonic sextupole mag-nets in addition to the three families of chromatic sextu-poles. This paper describes our experimental approach to find better settings for these harmonic sextupoles based on the direct optimization of the injection efficiency with a longitudinal phase offset between storage ring and the injector - in our case a booster synchrotron. As demon-strated in the paper, the resulting improvement of the phase acceptance of the ring leads to increased momen-tum acceptance by suppressing 3rd order non-systematic resonances. This increases not only the injection effi-ciency for long bunches but also the Touschek lifetime, the largest contribution to the overall lifetime of low emittance storage rings.

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WEPAB044

Construction and Commissioning of Direct Beam Transport Line for PF-AR

linac, beam-transport, vacuum, operation

2678

N. Higashi, S. Asaoka, K. Furukawa, K. Haga, K. Harada, T. Higo, T. Honda, H. Honma, N. Iida, H. Iwase, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kishimoto, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kodama, K. Kudo, T. Kume, K. Mikawa, T. Mimashi, F. Miyahara, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, H. Nakamura, N. Nakamura, T. Natsui, K.N. Nigorikawa, Y. Niwa, T. Nogami, T. Obina, Y. Ogawa, M. Ono, T. Ozaki, H. Sagehashi, T. Sanami, M. Sato, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, M. Tadano, T. Tahara, R. Takai, H. Takaki, S. Takasaki, M. Tanaka, Y. Tanimoto, M. Tawada, N. Toge, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, Y. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

PF-AR was constructed as an accumulator ring for TRISTAN, and in the KEKB era it has been revitalized as a 6.5 GeV synchrotron radiation source. The injection energy was 3 GeV and the beam was accelerated to 6.5 GeV prior to the user run. The original beam transport line (BT) from the LINAC to the PF-AR shared its upstream part with the the BT line of KEKB High Energy Ring (HER). The injection-mode change from PF-AR to HER or vice versa needs about 10 minutes for the magnet cycling procedure of the shared part. In SuperKEKB, the upgrade of KEKB, the lifetime of HER is about 10 minutes. The mode-switch operation of the BT is, therefore, not allowed for maintaining the highest luminosity of the SuperKEKB. In order to avoid this problem, a new 6.5 GeV BT line dedicated to PF-AR has been constructed. This also enables the top-up injection for the user run. The commissioning of the new BT line has been completed in this March, and now the first user run has been operated successfully.

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WEPAB045

Development of Dedicated Linac and Booster for KEK PF

booster, linac, operation, lattice

2681

N. Higashi, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, A. Ueda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK Photon Factory (PF) is a major light source facility in Japan. The injector of PF is KEK LINAC and it is shared with other three rings; PF-AR, SuperKEKB HER (High Energy Ring) and LER (Low Energy Ring). Due to the large electricity consumption, all accelerators in KEK are shut down during every summer for about 3 months. In 2017, because of the LINAC upgrade for SuperKEKB Phase 2 operation, the summer shutdown will be extended to about 5 months. On the other hand, the PF users always strongly wish the shorter shutdown and longer operation. Especially the structural biology users require the ability for the measurement within about 2 weeks after the irregular sample manufacture throughout the year. In order to satisfy these requests, the independent injector system is required for the realization of such longer operation. The examined system consists of an about 100 MeV small linac and a booster ring in the present PF ring tunnel. We show the results of the feasibility study for the independent injector system for the PF ring.

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WEPAB046

New HMBA Lattice for PF-AR

lattice, dynamic-aperture, emittance, optics

2684

N. Higashi, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, A. Ueda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR) has been operated for users about 30 years from 1987. The lattice and optics are not almost changed from the original one as the TRISTAN booster ring constructed in 1984. The lattice employs FODO structure and the horizontal emittance for the 6.5 GeV user run is about 300 nmrad. In order to improve the performance of PF-AR dramatically, the full replacement of the accelerator to the ESRF type HMBA (Hybrid multi bend achromat) lattice is examined. In order to geometrically fit the new lattice to the present PF-AR tunnel, the new ring consists of 12 cells with four long straight sections. The emittance is improved to about 500 pmrad at 3 GeV. With the present user experimental hall at the north half of the ring, at least eight undulator beam lines can be constructed. The simulated dynamic aperture is about 1.5 cm at the long straight section with reasonable magnetic errors and COD correction. The Touschek lifetime is about 6 hours. The beam injection with conventional injection system causes no problem and the beam lifetime is long enough.

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WEPAB050

Commissioning of SESAME Storage Ring

storage-ring, optics, sextupole, kicker

2694

M. Attal, A.A. Abbadi, I.A. Abid, T.H. Abu-Hanieh, A. Al-Dalleh, H. Al-Mohammad, M.A. Al-Najdawi, D.S. Foudeh, A. Hamad, E. Huttel, A. Ismail, S.Kh. Jafar, K. Manukyan, I. Saleh, N.Kh. Sawai, M.M. Shehab
SESAME, Allan, Jordan

SESAME light source uses a 2.5GeV storage ring, designed to produce synchrotron light in the hard X-ray region. The 133.2 m circumference ring composed of 16 Double Bend Achromat cells with 16 dispersive straight sections, offers a maximum capacity of 25 beamlines. The storage ring is filled with electrons using an 800MeV injector of 1 Hz repetition rate. This article reports on the main results and first experience of storage ring commissioning and operation.

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WEPAB052

Progress of the Lattice Design and Physics Studies on the High Energy Photon Source

lattice, booster, storage-ring, emittance

2697

Y. Jiao, X. Cui, Z. Duan, Y.Y. Guo, D. Ji, J.Y. Li, X.Y. Li, Y.M. Peng, Q. Qin, S.K. Tian, J.Q. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Wei, G. Xu, H.S. Xu, F. Yan, C.H. Yu, Y.L. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by NSFC (11475202, 11405187, 11205171)
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6-GeV, kilometer-scale, ultralow-emittance storage ring light source to be built in Beijing, China. In this paper we will discuss the progress of the lattice design and related physics studies on HEPS, covering issues of storage ring design, booster design, injection design, collective effects, error study, insertion device effects, longitudinal dynamics, etc.

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WEPAB064

Upgrade Project on Top-Off Operation for Hefei Light Source

operation, radiation, storage-ring, controls

2719

W. Xu, D. Jia, S.P. Jiang, C. Li, J.Y. Li, J.G. Wang, K. Xuan, Y.L. Yang, Q.B. Zeng, X. Zhou
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Hefei Light Source has successfully finished a major upgrade project and has been officially opened to users since January 2015. The upgrade project mainly includes increasing the linac injector energy from 200 MeV to 800 MeV which is the same as the ring energy, changing the ring lattice structure from TBA to DBA in order to provide more straight sections for insertion devices while keeping the circumference unchanged, and lowering the beam emittance to obtain higher photon brightness. Before the upgrade project, decay mode is the only choice for the operation of Hefei Light Source. This is because the injected beam from the linac injector needs to be ramped up to 800 MeV after injection. At prensent we have the conditions to operate Hefei Light Source with top-off mode since the linac can perform full-energy and bunch-by-bunch injection. The main challenge for the top-off operation is to control the radiation dose for personal and equipment safety, and to maintain high stability and reliability of the injector. In this paper, we report our work on the top-off operation project for Hefei Light Source.

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WEPAB068

Residual Gas in the Vacuum System of the Solaris 1.5GeV Electron Storage Ring

vacuum, storage-ring, electron, ion

2734

A.M. Marendziak, S. Piela, M.J. Stankiewicz, A.I. Wawrzyniak, M. Zając
Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
E. Al-Dmour
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Solaris is a third generation light source constructed at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. The machine was designed by the MAX IV Laboratory team. The replica of the 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference of a vacuum system was successfully built and now the synchrotron facility is after the 3rd phase of commissioning. Recent installation of the Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) in the storage ring allows now for evaluation of the residual gas composition. Within this paper the result of residual gas analysis in the vacuum system of storage ring during different states of the machine will be presented. Result of vacuum performance regarding beam cleaning and beam lifetime will be presented. Moreover, the NEG strips performance will be evaluated and reported.

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WEPAB071

Single Bunch Bucket Selection Injection Modes in the ALBA Storage Ring

linac, operation, storage-ring, electron

2744

R. Muñoz Horta, G. Benedetti, D. Lanaia, J. Moldes, F. Pérez, M. Pont, L. Torino
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

The ALBA Synchrotron has been operating routinely in top-up mode since 2014, performing reinjections of multi-bunches every 20 minutes. Recently, the control of the timing has been upgraded to allow single bunches to be injected into any storage ring bucket and therefore to top up the stored current also in single bunch injector mode. In addition, by means of a specific algorithm, a new injection mode called Single Bunch Bucket Selection (SBBS) has been developed to provide any kind of filling pattern in the ALBA storage ring. This mode controls independently the amount of current injected into each bucket, and injects first into those buckets with lowest charge. When used in top-up mode, SBBS keeps the charge distribution of the filling pattern with a uniformity below 10%. The improved flexibility and stability of the filling pattern increases the scope of research for the ALBA experiments and for machine studies development. The implementation of the new injection modes and their performance are presented.

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WEPAB075

First Optics and Beam Dynamics Studies on the MAX IV 3 GeV Storage Ring

storage-ring, emittance, optics, synchrotron

2756

S.C. Leemann, Å. Andersson, M. Sjöström
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

We present results from beam commissioning of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring as well as a summary of the beam dynamics studies that have so for been carried out. We report on injection and accumulation using a single dipole kicker, top-up injection, slow orbit feedback, restoring the linear optics to design, effects of in-vacuum undulators with closed gaps, and adjusting nonlinear optics to achieve design chromaticity correction as well as dynamic aperture sufficient for high injection efficiency and good Touschek lifetime.

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WEPAB085

Siam Photon Source: Present Machine Status and Future Upgrades

storage-ring, electron, photon, operation

2770

P. Klysubun, S. Boonsuya, N. Juntong, K. Kittimanapun, S. Kongtawong, S. Krainara, A. Kwankasem, T. Pulampong, P. Sudmuang, N. Suradet
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Siam Photon Source, the Thailand synchrotron light source, has received several upgrades in recent years. Most important of which are the improvement of the positional stability of the stored electron beam, and the installation of 2 IDs, i.e. a 2.2 T hybrid multipole wiggler and a 6.5 T superconducting wavelength shifter, to extend the available SR spectrum into hard x-ray region. The beam stability improvement was achieved through several activities, including improving the BPM system, upgrading the existing corrector power supplies, and implementing global orbit feedback. The two new IDs provide higher-intensity and higher-energy (up to 25 keV) synchrotron light, which will be utilized for MX, high-energy SAXS, WAXS, XAS, and microtomography. Ongoing machine upgrades include increasing the energy of the booster and transport line to 1.2 GeV for full-energy injection and eventual top-up operation. Utilization of the electron beam is also being explored. A beam test facility, which extracts electron beam in the booster for characterizing high-energy particle sensors, as well as calibrating other beam diagnostic instruments, has been constructed and is now in operation.

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WEPAB095

Electron Beam Commissioning of the DDBA Modification to the Diamond Storage Ring

dipole, storage-ring, emittance, lattice

2800

I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, C.P. Bailey, R. Bartolini, C. Christou, R.T. Fielder, M.J. Furseman, E. Koukovini-Platia, T. Pulampong, G. Rehm, W.A.H. Rogers, B. Singh
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

The Diamond storage ring has been modified by replacing one of the existing double bend achromat (DBA) cells with a double-DBA (DDBA) cell*. This change represents the largest modification to the storage ring since it was first commissioned in 2006, and was installed and fully commissioned during a single 8 week shutdown in autumn 2016. In view of this tight schedule, the planned commissioning steps and all high-level software needed to be developed and thoroughly tested in advance. Electron beam commissioning occupied the final 2 weeks of the shutdown, during which the injected electrons were captured and accumulated, the correct linear lattice was established, the nonlinear beam dynamics were studied, IDs were closed and the target 300 mA was achieved. This paper presents an overview of these activities.
* R.P. Walker et al., 'The Double-Double Bend Achromat (DDBA) Lattice Modification for the Diamond Storage Ring', Proc. IPAC 2014, MOPRO103, (2014)

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WEPAB103

On-Axis Swap-Out Injection R+D for ALS-U

kicker, emittance, alignment, storage-ring

2821

C. Steier, A. Anders, S. De Santis, T.H. Luo, T. Oliver, G.C. Pappas, C. Sun, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The ALS-U upgrade promises to deliver diffraction limited performance throughout the soft x-ray range by lowering the horizontal emittance by a factor of 40 compared to the current ALS. One of the consequences of producing a small emittance is a small dynamic aperture, although the momentum acceptance will remain large enough for acceptable beam lifetime. To overcome this challenge, ALS-U will use on-axis swap-out injection to exchange bunch trains between the storage ring and an accumulator ring. On-axis swapout injection requires special fast pulsers and state-of-the-art stripline kicker magnets. This paper reports on the results of the on-axis swap-out injection R&D program, including beam tests of a complete stripline kicker/pulser system on the current ALS and the development of methods to speed up beam based commissioning after the upgrade shutdown.

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WEPIK007

Optics Design and Observation for the Beam Abort System in SuperKEKB HER

sextupole, optics, kicker, quadrupole

2922

N. Iida, K. Egawa, Y. Enomoto, Y. Funakoshi, M. Kikuchi, T. Mimashi, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide, Y. Suetsugu
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

In the first commissioning of SuperKEKB, which is 'Phase 1', the new abort system is tested in the High Energy Ring (HER). There is a risk that aborted beams with low emittance and high current may destroy the window for extraction from beam pipe. In order to enlarge the aborted beam at the window, quadrupole field is applied only for the aborted beam. In the Low Energy Ring (LER), quadrupole pulsed magnets will be installed to enlarge the aborted beam, and in the HER, a pair of identical sextupole magnets is installed between the abort kickers and the extraction window. These sextrupole magnets are connected by I or 'I transformation to cancel the geometrical nonlinearity for the stored beam in the ring. This paper will report the optics design for the abort system of the HER as well as the observation of the aborted beam.

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WEPIK011

Ceramic Chamber Used in SuperKEKB High Energy Ring Beam Abort System

kicker, operation, vacuum, target

2936

T. Mimashi, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi, K. Kodama, T. Mori
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Abe
Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device, Ltd., Hitachishi, Ibaraki, Japan

The water-cooled type ceramic chambers were used for Super-KEKB high energy ring beam abort system. Since the horizontal abort kicker magnets are required to have very fast rise time and large current, the gap of kicker magnet must be as small as possible. The thin and compact ceramic chamber were developed. The chamber has racetrack type chamber whose inner diameter is 60mm in horizontal and 40 mm in vertical. And the gap of horizontal kicker magnet is 70mm. The thickness of the ceramic chamber is 30 % reduced from that of KEKB. The 500mm long hollow type ceramic, which includes cooling water path inside, is fabricated. It makes the structure of ceramic chamber simple and compact. The new copper electroforming is applied to deposit the 100μmeter thickness Cu conducting layer on the inner wall of Kovar. The Cu conducting layer reduces the heat generated by image beam current on the Kovar brazering. They are installed in the Super-KEKB electron ring beam abort system, and used in the phase 1 operation. The paper describes the performance of the water-cooled ceramic chamber under phase 1 operation.

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WEPIK013

Electron Beam Injection Septum

septum, electron, emittance, synchrotron

2943

T. Mori, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi, T. Mimashi, Y. Sakamoto, S. Takasaki, M. Tawada
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The SuperKEKB project is in progress toward the initial physics run in autumn 2018. It assumes the nano-beam scheme, in which the emittance of the colliding beams is 4.6 nm. To achieve such a low emittance, it is vitally important to preserve the emittance during the transport of the beam from the linac to the main ring. One of the most difficult sections is the injection system. Since the dynamic aperture is small for the low emittance, the allowed distances between the stored beam and the injected beam at the injection point are 7.8 mm for the betatron injection and 7.2 mm for the synchrotron injection. The new septum magnets has been constructed and installed in the beam line after the measurement of magnetic flux density and aging test. It has been also checked the septum magnets are capable of design orbit. The initial beam injection succeeded on schedule and they had been operated without any big troubles in the first beam run of Phase-1.

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WEPIK014

Coupled Bunch Instability and Its Cure at J-PARC RCS

impedance, kicker, space-charge, emittance

2946

Y. Shobuda, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, P.K. Saha, T. Takayanagi, F. Tamura, N. Tani, T. Togashi, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y.H. Chin, Y. Irie, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The RCS at J-PARC is a kicker-impedance dominant machine, which violates the impedance budget from a classical viewpoint. Nevertheless, we have recently succeeded to accelerate a 1-MW equivalent beam by making maximum use of the space charge effect on the beam instabilities. In this report, we explain the manipulation to suppress the beam instability, at first. Then, we discuss some issues to suppress the beam instabilities for beams with much smaller transverse emittance, as well as the present status of our efforts to reduce the kicker impedance toward the realization of the higher beam power at the RCS.

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WEPIK026

VEPP-5 Injection Complex: Two Colliders Operation Experience

collider, operation, extraction, positron

2982

D.E. Berkaev, A.V. Andrianov, K.V. Astrelina, V.V. Balakin, A.M. Batrakov, O.V. Belikov, M.F. Blinov, D. Bolkhovityanov, A. Butakov, E.V. Bykov, N.S. Dikansky, F.A. Emanov, A.R. Frolov, V.V. Gambaryan, K. Gorchakov, Ye.A. Gusev, S.E. Karnaev, G.V. Karpov, A.S. Kasaev, E. Kenzhebulatov, V.A. Kiselev, S. Kluschev, A.A. Kondakov, I. Koop, I.E. Korenev, N.Kh. Kot, V.R. Kozak, A.A. Krasnov, S.A. Krutikhin, I.V. Kuptsov, G.Y. Kurkin, N.N. Lebedev, A.E. Levichev, P.V. Logatchov, Yu. Maltseva, A.A. Murasev, V. Muslivets, D.A. Nikiforov, An.A. Novikov, A.V. Ottmar, A.V. Pavlenko, I.L. Pivovarov, V.V. Rashchenko, Yu. A. Rogovsky, S.L. Samoylov, N. Sazonov, A.V. Semenov, S.V. Shiyankov, D.B. Shwartz, A.N. Skrinsky, A.A. Starostenko, D.A. Starostenko, A.G. Tribendis, A.S. Tsyganov, S.S. Vasichev, S.V. Vasiliev, V.D. Yudin, I.M. Zemlyansky, A.N. Zhuravlev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.V. Andrianov, V.V. Balakin, F.A. Emanov, I. Koop, A.A. Krasnov, A.E. Levichev, D.A. Nikiforov, A.V. Pavlenko, Yu. A. Rogovsky, D.B. Shwartz, A.A. Starostenko
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.I. Mickailov
Budker INP & NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
A.G. Tribendis
NSTU, Novosibirsk, Russia

Two BINP colliders VEPP-4M and VEPP-2000 e⁺e⁻ colliders are under operation with the beams feeding from VEPP-5 Injection Complex via newly constructed K-500 beam transfer line. Upgraded injection chain demonstrated ability to provide designed luminosity both to VEPP-4M and VEPP-2000 and techniques of reliable operation are under development now. The design and operation experience of Injection Complex and transfer lines are presented.

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WEPIK029

High Luminosity at VEPP-2000 Collider With New Injector

luminosity, collider, detector, positron

2989

P.Yu. Shatunov, O.V. Belikov, D.E. Berkaev, K. Gorchakov, A.S. Kasaev, A.N. Kirpotin, I. Koop, A.A. Krasnov, A.P. Lysenko, S.V. Motygin, E. Perevedentsev, V.P. Prosvetov, D.V. Rabusov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.M. Semenov, A.I. Senchenko, Y.M. Shatunov, D.B. Shwartz, M.V. Timoshenko, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
E. Perevedentsev, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.I. Senchenko, D.B. Shwartz
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia

VEPP-2000 e⁺e⁻ collider at BINP was commissioned and started data taking with two detectors in 2010 with old injection chain. In the middle energy range, where the luminosity was limited by beam-beam effects, the world record values of beam-beam parameter were achieved, ksi=0.12/IP. At the same time the design luminosity value of L = 10³² cm^-2s⁻¹ at top energy (E = 1 GeV per beam) remained unreachable due to limited e⁺ production rate. The injection chain was significantly upgraded in 2013-2016. The experience of upgraded VEPP-2000 complex operation at top energies with Round Colliding Beams will be presented.

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WEPIK030

Experimental Validation of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing Scheme at the LHC

optics, collimation, insertion, luminosity

2992

S.D. Fartoukh, R. Bruce, F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, A. Garcia-Tabares, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, T. Persson, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, P.K. Skowroński, M. Solfaroli, R. Tomás, D. Valuch, A. Wegscheider, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) [1] scheme offers new techniques to deliver unprecedentedly small beam spot size at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments of the LHC, while perfectly controlling the chromatic properties of the corresponding optics (linear and non-linear chromaticities, off-momentum beta-beating, spurious dispersion induced by the crossing bumps). The first series of beam tests with ATS optics were achieved during the LHC Run I (2011/2012) for a first validation of the basics of the scheme at small intensity. In 2016, a new generation of more performing ATS optics was developed and more extensively tested in the machine, still with probe beams for optics measurement and correction at β^*=10 cm, but also with a few nominal bunches to establish first collisions at nominal β^* (40 cm) and beyond (33 cm), and to analysis the robustness of these optics in terms of collimation and machine protection. The paper will highlight the most relevant and conclusive results which were obtained during this second series of ATS tests.
[1] S. Fartoukh , Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 111002

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WEPIK031

Challenges and Status of the Rapid Cycling Top-Up Booster for FCC-ee

collider, booster, synchrotron, emittance

2996

B. Härer, S. Aumon, B.J. Holzer, Y. Papaphilippou, T. Tydecks
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

FCC-ee is a 100 km e⁺ e⁻ collider, which is being designed within the Future Circular Collider Study (FCC) for precision studies and rare decay observations in the range of 90 to 350 GeV center-of- mass energy. The beam lifetime will be limited to less than one hour, because of radiative Bhaba scattering and beamstrahlung. In order to keep the luminosity on the high level of 10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1 continuous top-up injection is required. Therefore, besides the collider, that will operate at constant energy, a fast cycling booster synchrotron will be installed in the tunnel. The injection energy to the booster synchrotron will be around 6-20 GeV. Such a small energy together with the large bending radius not only creates an ultra-small beam emittance, but also requires very low magnetic fields close to the limit of technical feasibility. This paper will focus on the challenges and requirements for the top-up booster design arising from low magnetic fields and collective instabilities and present the status of the lattice design.

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WEPIK057

Transverse Resonance Island Buckets as Bunch Separation Scheme

optics, simulation, sextupole, operation

3059

P. Goslawski, A. Jankowiak, F. Kramer, M. Ries, M. Ruprecht, G. Wüstefeld
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Supported by the BMBF
Beam storage close to a tune resonance (Qx = 1/3,1/4) can generate transverse resonance island buckets in the x,x' phase space providing a second stable island orbit winding around the standard orbit. The two orbits are well separated, with good life time and stability. Successful user experiments have been conducted at BESSY II and the Metrology Light Source (MLS) *,** with such an operation mode. We discuss the required beam optics setup, the TopUp injection process and present successful measurements taken at photon beamlines at BESSY II.
* THPMR017, P.Goslawski et al., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea
** MOPWA021, M.Ries et al., IPAC2015, Richmond, USA

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WEPIK070

Nonlinear Lattice Optimization for the SPring-8 Upgrade

sextupole, lattice, betatron, octupole

3091

K. Soutome, H. Tanaka
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
Y. Shimosaki, M. Takao
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

The SPring-8 upgrade project has adopted the hybrid MBA lattice to achieve the emittance of about 100 pmrad at 6 GeV with damping effects by insertion devices. This optics has two dispersion bumps in one unit cell where chromaticity-correcting sextupoles locate. The horizontal and vertical betatron phases between these bumps are tuned to be 3PI and PI, respectively, to cancel the low order contributions of nonlinear kicks due to sextupoles. However, it is not easy to obtain a sufficiently large dynamic aperture (DA) since (i) the cancellation is incomplete due to a nested arrangement, (ii) sextupoles are very strong, and (iii) the number of tuning knobs is limited. The DA is quite small due to the leakage of nonlinear kicks by nested sextupoles. We hence proposed to install additional weak sextupoles between the dispersion bumps to suppress the leakage kick further. Simulations show that this simple scheme is very effective for suppressing ADTS and for enlarging DA. We present details of this scheme and some numerical examples together with a newly developed fourth-order formula of ADTS for describing and controlling the lattice nonlinearity.

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WEPIK078

Development of the Impedance Model in HEPS

impedance, vacuum, kicker, feedback

3110

N. Wang, Z. Duan, X.Y. Li, H. Shi, S.K. Tian, G. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a new designed photon source at beam energy of 6 GeV. Due to the small beam pipe aperture and a large number of insertion devices in the machine, the impedance can drive collective instabilities and limit the machine performance. Therefore, a thorough estimation of the coupling impedance is necessary in controlling the total impedance of the whole machine. A primary impedance model is obtained for the storage ring.

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WEPIK087

Measurement and Characterization of Cable Losses for High Voltage Coaxial Cables Used in Kicker Systems

impedance, kicker, simulation, network

3131

A. Ferrero Colomo, L. Ducimetière, T. Kramer, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of CERN's LHC Injector Upgrade, simulation models for kicker pulse generators have been improved. A key element in the conventional pulse generators, among many others, are the high voltage coaxial cables. Since they can have significant impact on the waveform characteristics, an accurate cable model for simulation is crucial for reliable results during development. For this purpose, precise measurements of scatter parameters have been carried out in order to improve existing simulation models. Specialized high voltage cables, sometimes SF6 gas filled, used in various CERN kicker systems are usually large, heavy, not very flexible and often only one end is easy accessible. In addition, the impedance of these cables is rarely of 50 Ohms, which presents an extra difficulty. This paper describes the methods that have been defined and used to measure any kind of coaxial structures relying on S11 parameters exclusively. Measurements for various specialized cable types are presented and compared with their improved models. The implications for overall kicker system performance are briefly discussed.

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WEPIK091

Amplitude Dependent Closest Tune Approach Generated by Normal and Skew Octupoles

octupole, coupling, simulation, resonance

3147

E.H. Maclean, T. Persson, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Amplitude dependent closest tune approach, an action dependent analogue of the DQmin generated by linear coupling, was observed in the LHC during Run1. It restricts the accessible resonance free area of the tune diagram and by altering tune spread has the potential to impact upon Landau damping. A theoretical description of such behaviour, generated by normal octupoles and linear coupling has recently been validated in the LHC, however simulation has established that amp-dependent closest approach may also be generated by a combination of normal and skew octupoles. This paper summarizes these simulation based observations.

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WEPIK092

Effect of Linear Coupling on Nonlinear Observables at the LHC

coupling, dynamic-aperture, simulation, octupole

3151

E.H. Maclean, F.S. Carlier, M. Giovannozzi, T. Persson, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Simulation work during LHC Run 1 established that linear coupling had a large impact on nonlinear observables such amplitude detuning and dynamic aperture. It is generally taken to be the largest single source of uncertainty in the modelling of the LHC's nonlinear single particle dynamics. Measurements in 2016 sought to confirm this impact of linear coupling with beam. This paper summarizes the observed influence of linear coupling on various nonlinear observables in the LHC.

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WEPIK094

LEIR Impedance Model and Coherent Beam Instability Observations

impedance, ion, space-charge, electron

3159

N. Biancacci, H. Bartosik, A. Huschauer, E. Métral, T.L. Rijoff, B. Salvant, R. Scrivens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Migliorati
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

The LEIR machine is the first synchrotron in the ion acceleration chain at CERN and it is responsible to deliver high intensity ion beams to the LHC. Following the recent progress in the understanding of the intensity limitations, detailed studies of the machine impedance started. In this work we describe the present LEIR impedance model, detailing the contribution to the total longitudinal and transverse impedance of several machine element. We then compare the machine tune shift versus intensity predictions against measurements at injection energy and summarize the coherent instability observations in absence of transverse damper feedback.

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WEPIK097

An Optimization Tool to Design a Coreless Non-Linear Injection Kicker Magnet

kicker, emittance, target, sextupole

3170

B. MacDonald-de Neeve
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
B. MacDonald-de Neeve, M. Paraliev, A. Saá Hernández
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Top-up injection into low emittance light sources is challenging due to their inherent small dynamic apertures (DA). The use of a multipole-magnet injection kicker prevents disturbing the circulating beam. However, the injected bunch will be mismatched due to unwanted focusing (linear field profile) or even filamented (nonlinear field profile). Coreless nonlinear kicker magnets, using different configurations of straight conductors, can produce transverse step-like magnetic field distribution which prevent the mismatch. We explored an 8-conductor configuration and a multi-conductor approach like unipolar massless septum design. Maximizing the spatial derivative of the transverse field step function is crucial in order to kick the injected bunch inside the DA. Comparing the results of different designs a particular dependence between the smallest clear aperture and the maximum transverse field spatial derivative was observed. We have developed an optimization tool to generate arbitrary 2D magnetic fields and determine the associated current distribution. With it we obtained new design solutions for possible injection magnets that go beyond the limitations of the standard designs.

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WEPVA004

Simulation of an Electromagnetic Field Excitation by a THz-pulse and Acceleration of an Electron Bunch in a Dielectric-loaded AXSIS Linac

linac, electron, acceleration, simulation

3253

K. Galaydych, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti, G. Vashchenko, I. Zagorodnov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 609920
The Attosecond X-ray Science: Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXSIS) experiment at DESY will use a dielectric loaded waveguide to accelerate electron bunches up to 15 MeV. Such a linac will be powered by a narrowband multicycle THz-pulse with a central frequency of 300 GHz. In this paper we focus on the reflection of the excited field at a pinhole, on the optimization of the bunch injection time and on the bunch dynamics in the acceleration process. The linac excitation by the THz-pulse and the bunch acceleration in the excited field are investigated using CST and ECHO simulations.

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WEPVA008

Beam Dynamics in THz Dielectric Loaded Waveguides for the AXSIS Project

linac, gun, emittance, electron

3268

T. Vinatier, R.W. Aßmann, U. Dorda, B. Marchetti
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
F. Lemery
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany

In this paper, we investigate with ASTRA simulations the beam dynamics in dielectric-loaded waveguides driven by THz pulses, used as linac structure for the AXSIS project. We show that the bunch properties at the linac exit are very sensitive to the phase velocity of the THz pulse and are limited by the strong phase slippage of the bunch respective to it. We also show that some margins for instabilities of the injection phase into the linac structure are allowed. We finally demonstrate that the bunch properties are optimized when low frequencies (< 300 GHz) are used inside the linac, and that the longitudinal focal point can be put several tens of cm away from the linac exit thanks to ballistic bunching. However, a strong asymmetry in the bunch transverse sizes remains for which a solution is still to be found.

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WEPVA014

Status of R&D on New Superconducting Injector Linac for Nuclotron-NICA

linac, proton, ion, simulation

3282

G.V. Trubnikov, A.V. Butenko, N. Emelianov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T.A. Bakhareva, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, S.V. Matsievskiy, S.M. Polozov, A.V. Samoshin, N.P. Sobenin, D.V. Surkov, K.V. Taletskiy, S.E. Toporkov, V. Zvyagintsev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Bakinowskaya, A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko
INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
S.E. Demyanov
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
V.A. Karpovich
BSU, Minsk, Belarus
T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Kurayev, V.V. Matbeenko, A.O. Rak
Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR), Minsk, Belarus
V.N. Rodionova
Belarussian State University, Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
A.O. Sidorin
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The new collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB, BSUIR and SPMRC NASB starts in 2015 the project of linac-injector design in 2015. The goal of new linac is to accelerate protons up to 25 MeV (and up to 50 MeV at the second stage) and light ions to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current results of the linac general design and development, beam dynamics simulations, SC cavities design and SRF technology development are presented in this report.

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WEPVA023

Performance of the PS Injection Kicker System Short Circuit Mode Upgrade for Operation with 2 GeV LIU Beams

flattop, kicker, simulation, operation

3308

T. Kramer, W. Bartmann, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, L.M.C. Feliciano, A. Ferrero Colomo, B. Goddard, L. Sermeus
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project an upgrade of the existing PS proton injection kicker system for 2 GeV operation is in progress. The upgrade is based on the operation of the existing kicker system in short circuit mode. This paper briefly reviews the deployed modifications to the system to obtain the specified reduction of pulse reflections unavoidably induced by such a configuration. The implementation of improvements to the magnet entry box, transmission cables and the short circuit plug with integrated LC-filter are described as well as tests and measurements during the 2016/17 annual shutdown. The impact of the residual pulse shape structure on the beam performance for the reference LIU beam is quantified. The paper concludes with a performance analysis, a comparison of measurements vs. simulations and an outlook to the remaining modifications during the next long shut down.

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WEPVA024

Design of an Inductive Adder for the FCC Injection Kicker Pulse Generator

kicker, impedance, high-voltage, collider

3312

D. Woog, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, J. Holma, T. Kramer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The injection system for a 100 TeV centre-of-mass collider is an important part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study. Due to issues with conventional kicker systems, such as self-triggering and long term availability of thyratrons and limitations of HV-cables, innovative design changes are planned for the FCC injection kicker pulse generator. An inductive adder (IA) based on semiconductor (SC) switches is a promising technology for kicker systems. Its modular design, and the possibility of an active ripple suppression are significant advantages. Since the IA is a complex device, with multiple components whose characteristics are important, a detailed design study and construction of a prototype is necessary. This paper summarizes the system requirements and constraints, and describes the main components and design challenges of the prototype IA. It outlines the results from simulations and measurements on different magnetic core materials as well as on SC switches. The paper concludes on the design choices and progress for the prototype to be built at CERN.

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WEPVA033

Conceptual Design Considerations for a 1.3 TeV Superconducting SPS (scSPS)

extraction, dipole, target, proton

3323

F. Burkart, W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, B. Goddard, A. Milanese, J.S. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Future Circular Collider for hadrons (FCC-hh) envisaged at CERN will require a High Energy Booster as injector. One option being studied is to reuse the 6.9 km circumference tunnel of the SPS to house a fast-ramping superconducting machine. This paper presents the conceptual design considerations for this superconducting single aperture accelerator (designated scSPS) which can be used to accelerate protons to an extraction energy of 1.3 TeV, both for FCC and for fixed target beam operation in CERN's North Area. As FCC injector this accelerator has to be used in a fast cycling mode to fulfil the FCC-hh requirements concerning filling time, which impacts directly the choice of magnet technology. The reliability and availability will also play important roles in the design, and the inclusion of a fixed target capacity also has significant implications for the lattice and layout. The cell design, magnet parameters, overall layout, design of the different insertion and performance estimates for specific applications will be presented and discussed.

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WEPVA034

ELENA - From Installation to Commissioning

antiproton, experiment, ion, ion-source

3327

T. Eriksson, W. Bartmann, P. Belochitskii, L. Bojtár, H. Breuker, F. Butin, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, P. Freyermuth, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, J. Mertens, R. Ostojić, S. Pasinelli, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W. Oelert
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut für Physik, Mainz, Germany

ELENA (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring) is an upgrade project at the CERN AD (Antiproton Decelerator). The smaller ELENA ring will further decelerate 5.3 MeV antiprotons from the AD ring down to 100 keV using electron cooling to obtain good deceleration efficiency and dense beams. An increase of up to two orders of magnitude in trapping efficiency is expected at the AD experiments. This paper will report on the current status of ELENA where beam commissioning of the ring is now taking place. Phase one of the project installation has been completed with ring and injection lines in place, while phase two will finalize the project with installation of 100 keV transfer lines connecting the experiments to ELENA and is planned to take place in 2019/2020.

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WEPVA035

The PSB Operational Scenario with Longitudinal Painting Injection in the Post-LIU Era

target, linac, simulation, controls

3331

V. Forte, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, P. Baudrenghien, E. Benedetto, A. Blas, C. Bracco, C. Carli, A. Findlay, R. Garoby, G. Hagmann, A.M. Lombardi, B. Mikulec, M.M. Paoluzzi, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Wegner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Longitudinal painting has been presented as an elegant technique to fill the longitudinal phase space at injection to the CERN PSB once it is connected with the new Linac4. Painting brings several advantages related to a more controlled longitudinal filamentation, lower peak line density and beating reduction, resulting in a smaller space-charge tune spread. This could be an advantage especially for high intensity beams (> 6·10¹² protons per bunch) to limit losses on the transverse acceptance of the machine. This paper presents an overview on the possible advantages of the technique for operational and test beams, taking care of the hardware limitations and possible failure scenarios.

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WEPVA036

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN: Proton Injector Chain

linac, cavity, impedance, proton

3335

K. Hanke, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, B. Goddard, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project at CERN aims at delivering high brightness beams required by the LHC in the high-luminosity LHC (HLLHC) era. The project comprises a new H⁻ Linac (Linac4) as well as a massive upgrade of the PS Booster, PS and SPS synchrotrons. This paper gives an update of the activities regarding the proton injector chain. We present the target beam parameters, a brief status of the upgrade work per machine and the outcome of the recent reviews. The planning for the implementation of the hardware upgrades and the re-commissioning of the complex will also be discussed.

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WEPVA037

Machine Development Studies in the CERN PS Booster, in 2016

emittance, extraction, booster, space-charge

3339

E. Benedetto, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, W. Bartmann, J.M. Belleman, A. Blas, M. Cieslak-Kowalska, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, V. Forte, A. Garcia-Tabares, G. Guidoboni, S. Hancock, M. Jaussi, B. Mikulec, J.C. Molendijk, A. Oeftiger, T.L. Rijoff, F. Schmidt, P. Zisopoulos
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Cieslak-Kowalska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
P. Zisopoulos
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

The paper presents the outstanding studies performed in 2016 in preparation of the PS Booster upgrade, within the LHC Injector Upgrade project (LIU), to provide twice higher brightness and intensity to the High-Luminosity LHC. Major changes include the increase of injection and extraction energy, the implementation of a H⁻ charge-exchange injection system, the replacement of the present Main Power Supply and the deployment of a new RF system (and related Low-Level), based on the Finemet technology. Although the major improvements will be visible only after the upgrade, the present machine can already benefit of the work done, in terms of better brightness, transmission and improved reproducibility of the present operational beams. Studies address the space-charge limitations at low energy, for which a detailed optics model is needed and for which mitigation measurements are under study, and the blow-up reduction at injection in the downstream machine, for which the beams need careful preparation and transmission. Moreover they address the requirements and the reliability of new beam instrumentation and hardware that is being installed in view of LIU.

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WEPVA038

Tail Repopulation Measurements in the PSB

kicker, emittance, simulation, experiment

3343

E. Benedetto, M. Cieslak-Kowalska, P. Zisopoulos
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Cieslak-Kowalska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The PS Booster (PSB) is the first circular accelerator in the LHC injector chain providing protons for the full CERN complex. Each of its four rings provides beams in a range of intensities varying from 40 e11 p/cycle to 0.8 e13 p/cycle. Low intensity beams are produced by transverse shaving, that is by scraping the tails, in order to tailor the intensity and transverse emittances. Eventually, tails repopulate and the beam profile reshapes, under the effect of space charge, which is dominant at low energy in the PS Booster. This paper describes the results of the measurements after the shaving process, where the tails are scraped but finally re-appear in the transverse profile, and it provides a first benchmark with space-charge simulations. It highlights the challenges encountered and the lessons learned, to guide the future experiments. The final outcome of these studies is the characterisation of the halo creation mechanism and the determination of the diffusion speed, important for the design of the future PS Booster scraping system.

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WEPVA040

Design of Imaginary Transition Gamma Booster Synchrotron for the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC)

optics, ion, booster, lattice

3350

S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains a non- exclusive, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
Baseline design of the JLEIC booster synchrotron is presented. Its aim is to inject and accumulate heavy ions and protons at 285 MeV, to accelerate them to about 7 GeV, and finally to extract them into the ion collider ring. The Figure-8 ring features two 260 deg. achromatic arcs configured with negative momentum compaction lattices, designed to avoid transition crossing for all ion species during the course of acceleration. The arc optics is based on a lightly perturbed 90 deg. FODO, with missing dipoles every fourth half-cell, where the horizontal dispersion is driven partly negative for the inward bending arc leading to negative momentum compaction. The lattice also features a specialized high dispersion injection insert optimized to facilitate the transverse phase-space painting in both planes for multi-turn ion injection. Furthermore, the lattice has been optimized to mitigate magnet error sensitivity and to ease chromaticity correction with two families of sextupoles in each plane. The booster ring is configured with super-ferric, 3 Tesla bends. We are presently launching optimization of the booster synchrotron design to operate in the extreme space-charge dominated regime.

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WEPVA041

Rematching AGS Booster Synchrotron Injection Lattice for Smaller Transverse Beam Emittances

booster, proton, quadrupole, emittance

3353

C. Liu, J. Beebe-Wang, K.A. Brown, C.J. Gardner, H. Huang, M.G. Minty, V. Schoefer, K. Zeno
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The polarized proton beam is injected into the booster via the charge-exchange (H⁻ to H⁺) scheme. The emittance growth due to scattering at the stripping foil is proportional to the beta functions at the foil. It was demonstrated that the current scheme of reducing the beta functions at the stripping foil preserves the emittance better, however the betatron tunes are above but very close to half integer. Due to concern of space charge and half integer in general, options of lattice designs aimed towards reducing the beta functions at the stripping foil with tunes at more favorable places are explored.

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WEPVA050

Developments for the Injection Kicker Vacuum System of the HESR at FAIR

vacuum, kicker, controls, ion

3369

F. Zahariev, M. Bai, N. Bongers, P. Chaumet, F.M. Esser, R. Gebel, H. Glückler, S. Hamzic, H. Jagdfeld, B. Laatsch, W. Lesmeister, L. Reifferscheidt, M. Retzlaff, L. Semke, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
G. Natour
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany

The Research Center Jülich has taken the leadership of a consortium being responsible for the design and manufacturing of the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) going to be part of FAIR. The HESR is designed both for antiprotons and for heavy ion experiments. The injection kicker system of the HESR is located directly behind the septum and consists of two pumping crosses for pumps and measurement devices as well as two vacuum tanks housing the four ferrite magnets which will be operated with 40 kV, 4kA. As well as the magnets, the adjustments frames and the electrical feedthroughs will be installed inside the tanks. Due to the large surface of the magnets the injection kicker system will be very sensitive with regard to the achievable vacuum quality that is expected to be in the order of 10^-11 mbar or better. Thus the vacuum system is designed to heat up to 250°C. In order to investigate the achievable end pressure and to develop the heating system a test facility was constructed. The actual vacuum layout of the injection kicker system as well as the experimental test results will be presented and in similar the layout of the control system of the test facility will be described.

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WEPVA059

Construction of the New Septum Magnet Systems for PF-Advanced Ring

septum, vacuum, linac, storage-ring

3398

A. Ueda, S. Asaoka, T. Honda, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, T. Nogami, H. Takaki, T. Uchiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

From July 2016 we are constructing a new beam transport (BT) line for the Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR). The new BT line was designed to transport the full energy 6.5-GeV beam directly from the LINAC, and the top up injection will be possible for the PF-AR. We designed and produced new pulsed septum magnet systems for this project. Two pulsed septum magnets are used for the injection of the 6.5-GeV beam. The septum magnets were constructed with a passive type magnet, a copper eddy current shield and a silicon steel magnetic shield. The magnetic fields of these magnets have been measured by the search coil method. We paid attention to evaluating eddy current losses of the SUS beam duct in the magnetic field measurement.

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WEPVA060

Construction of the New Kicker Magnet Systems for PF-Advanced Ring

kicker, timing, impedance, power-supply

3401

A. Ueda, S. Asaoka, T. Honda, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, T. Nogami, H. Takaki, T. Uchiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

From July 2016 we are constructing a new beam transport (BT) line for the Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR). The new BT line was designed to transport the full energy 6.5-GeV beam directly from the LINAC, and the top up injection will be possible for the PF-AR. We designed and produced new kicker systems for this project. Three kicker magnets are used for the injection of the 6.5-GeV beam. The kicker magnets were designed as a window frame type ferrite core magnet. The magnetic fields of these magnets have been measured by the search coil method. We paid attention to evaluating eddy current losses of the metal coated ceramic duct in the magnetic field measurement.

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WEPVA062

Improvements of Vacuum System in J-PARC 3 GeV Synchrotron

vacuum, kicker, operation, cavity

3408

J. Kamiya, Y. Hikichi, M. Kinsho, Y. Namekawa, K. Takeishi, T. Yanagibashi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
A. Sato
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan

The RCS vacuum system has been upgraded since the completion of its construction towards the objectives of both better vacuum quality and higher reliability of the components. For the better vacuum quality, (1) pressure of the injection beam line was improved to prevent the H⁻ beam from converting to H0; (2) leakage in the beam injection area due to the thermal expansion was eliminated by applying the adequate torque amount for the clamps; (3) new in-situ degassing method of the kicker magnet was developed. For the reliability increase of the components, (1) A considerable number of fluoroelastmer seal was exchanged to metal seal with the low spring constant bellows and the light clamps; (2) TMP controller for the long cable was developed to prevent the controller failure by the severe electrical noise; (3) A number of TMP were installed instead of ion pumps in the RF cavity section as an insurance for the case of pump trouble.

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WEPVA064

The Pulsed Power Supplies of the SESAME Booster and Storage Ring

septum, kicker, booster, extraction

3415

E. Huttel, I.A. Abid, S.Kh. Jafar
SESAME, Allan, Jordan

SESAME the Synchrotron Radiation Light Source in Allan (Jordan) consists of an 800 MeV injector (original from BESSY I, Berlin, Germany) and a 2.5 GeV Storagering. Injection into the Booster is done by an electrostatic Septum and one stripline kicker. Extraction out of the Booster is done by means of a bumper magnet, a strip-line-line kicker and a direct driven in-vacuum septum. Injection into the Storagering is done by a direct driven out-off vacuum septum and one kicker. The pulses of all septa are full sine, the ones of the kicker half sine with exception of the extraction kicker (flat-top). Extraction Kicker and Storage ring injection kicker are switched by Thyratron, all others via transistors. This report describes the injection and extraction optics and the results of the commissioning.

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WEPVA077

Design of the Control System of Pulsed Power Supplies for WHMM Injection Bump Magnets

controls, FPGA, synchrotron, ion

3442

J. Zhao, D.Q. Gao, H. Zhang, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The injection bump system of the synchrotron of the Wuwei Heavy-ion Medical Machine(WHMM) consists of four horizontal bump magnets to merge the injection beam with the circulating beam. In order to control the injection beam with sufficient accuracy, the bump mag-nets need four pulsed power supplies with high speed, precision, reliability. The power supplies, whose IBGT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) are working in the linear area, are required to output the maximum current of 2900A. Furthermore, the current pulse is activated by synchronous triggering events, the current pulse frequen-cy is required about 30Hz, and that the pulse current falling edge should be less than 60us. In this paper, a control system for the pulsed power supplies was described in details. The commissioning results showed that the control system owned high reliability and flexible and that beam could be injected effectively into the synchrotron of the WHMM. In addition, one on-line current pulse waveform is shown in the result section.

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WEPVA087

Magnetic Measurements of NICA Booster Dipoles

dipole, booster, collider, synchrotron

3458

V.V. Borisov, A.V. Bychkov, A.M. Donyagin, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, M.M. Omelyanenko, M.M. Shandov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.V. Shemchuk
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

NICA is a new accelerator collider complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. NICA booster magnetic system consists of 40 dipole and 48 quadrupole superconducting magnets. Measurement of magnetic field parameters is assumed for each booster magnets. At the moment 20 series dipole magnets are assembled and have passed all tests. Booster dipole magnets are 2.14 m-long, 128 /65 mm (h/v) aperture magnets with design similar to Nuclotron dipole magnet but with curved (14.1 m radius) yoke. They will produce fields up to 1.8 T. The magnetic field parameters will be measured at warm (300 K) and cold (4.5 K) conditions. This paper describes magnetic measurements methods and developing of magnetic measurements system. The obtained results of magnetic measurements of 20 magnets are summarized here.

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WEPVA094

Study of an Improved Beam Screen Design for the LHC Injection Kicker Magnet for HL-LHC

impedance, kicker, simulation, coupling

3471

V. Vlachodimitropoulos, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During Run 1 of the LHC, one of the injection kicker magnets (MKIs) occasionally exhibited an excessively high ferrite temperature, caused by coupling of the high intensity beam to the real impedance of the magnet. Beam-screen upgrades have been very effective in reducing beam coupling impedance during Run 2. However, temperature measurements during LHC operation have shown that one end of the MKIs ferrite yoke is consistently hotter than the other: this effect is due to highly non-uniform beam induced power deposition along the kicker. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations show that part of the ferrite yoke will be above its Curie temperature when the LHC is operated with HL-LHC beam parameters, which could increase the turn-around time between fills of the LHC. An impedance mitigation study is presented in this paper with emphasis on the effect of the beam screen layout upon both total beam induced power deposition and its longitudinal distribution. Results of complex thermal simulations, to benchmark the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, are reported. To validate the proposed modification a test bench measurement was performed and preliminary results are discussed

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WEPVA095

Preliminary Estimate of Beam Induced Power Deposition in a FCC-hh Injection Kicker Magnet

kicker, impedance, coupling, collider

3475

A. Chmielinska, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, B. Goddard
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Chmielinska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The Future Circular Collider for hadrons (FCC-hh) will require a fast injection kicker system that is highly reliable and that does not limit accelerator performance. Important considerations in the design of such a system are machine protection constraints, collider filling factor and hence rise and fall times of the kicker magnet field. Fast rise time kicker magnets are generally ferrite loaded transmission line type magnets with a rectangular shaped aperture. The beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnets is crucial, as this can be a dominant contribution to beam instabilities. In addition, beam-induced heating of the ferrite yoke due to the real component of the longitudinal beam coupling impedance needs to be controlled: if the ferrite temperature exceeds the Curie point this impacts the ability to inject beam and hence the availability of the machine. This paper presents estimates for the beam induced power deposition in the ferrite yoke, based on a calculated FCC beam spectrum and an analytical model of longitudinal impedance for unshielded kicker magnets.

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WEPVA096

Thermal Analysis of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnets

kicker, vacuum, operation, simulation

3479

L. Vega Cid, M.J. Barnes, V. Vlachodimitropoulos, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Abánades
ETSII UPM, Madrid, Spain

Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
The CERN Large Hadron Collider LHC is equipped with two fast pulsed magnet systems (MKIs) that inject particle beams coming from the injector chain. Operation with high intensity beams for many hours can lead to significant beam induced heating of the ferrite yokes of the MKIs. When the ferrite exceeds the Curie temperature of 125°C it loses its magnetic properties, preventing further injection until the ferrite cools down, potentially causing a delay of several hours. Hence important upgrades of the beam-screen were implemented after Run 1 of LHC. However, the High-Luminosity (HL) LHC will be operated with significantly higher intensity beams and hence additional measures are required to limit the ferrite temperature. These magnets operate under ultra-high vacuum conditions: convection is negligible and, as a result of low emissivity of the inside of the vacuum tanks, thermal radiation is limited. A detailed study of the thermal behaviour of these magnets is reported and compared with measurements. In addition several options to improve cooling of the ferrites are presented and analysed.

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WEPVA100

Operational Experience of the Upgraded LHC Injection Kicker Magnets During Run 2 and Future Plans

kicker, electron, impedance, vacuum

3495

M.J. Barnes, A. Adraktas, G. Bregliozzi, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, B. Salvant, J. Sestak, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Yin Vallgren
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During Run 1 of the LHC, one of the injection kicker magnets caused occasional operational delays due to beam induced heating with high bunch intensity and short bunch lengths. In addition, there were also sporadic issues with vacuum activity and electrical flashover of the injection kickers. An extensive program of studies was launched and significant upgrades were carried out during Long Shutdown 1 (LS 1). These upgrades included a new design of beam screen to reduce both beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnet and the electric field associated with the screen conductors, hence decreasing the probability of electrical breakdown in this region. This paper presents operational experience of the injection kicker magnets during the first years of Run 2 of the LHC, including a discussion of faults and kicker magnet issues that limited LHC operation. In addition, in light of these issues, plans for further upgrades are briefly discussed.

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WEPVA108

Operational Feedback and Analysis of Current and Future Designs of the Injection Protection Absorbers in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

vacuum, impedance, operation, alignment

3517

D. Carbajo Perez, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, G. Bregliozzi, M. Calviani, M.I. Frankl, L. Gentini, S.S. Gilardoni, G. Iadarola, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Lechner, A. Perillo-Marcone, B. Salvant
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Two injection protection absorbers, so-called TDIs (Target Dump Injection), are installed close to Interaction Points IP2 and IP8 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) right downstream of the injection kicker magnets (MKI). Malfunction or timing errors in the latter lead to wrong steering of the beam, which must then be intercepted by the TDI to avoid downstream equipment (which includes superconducting magnets) damage. In recent years, MKI failures during operation have brought to light opportunities for improvement of the TDI. The upgrade of this absorber, so-called TDIS (where S stands for segmented), is conceived as part of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) project and those operational issues are taken into account for its design. The present document describes not only the aspects related to the current TDI performance and their impact in its successor's design but also the key modifications to cope with the stronger requirements associated to the higher luminosity goal.

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WEPVA109

Design of the New PS Internal Dumps, in the Framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) Project

simulation, dumping, operation, vacuum

3521

G. Romagnoli, J.A. Briz Monago, M. Calviani, J.J. Esala, E. Grenier-Boley, A. Masi, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo-Marcone, T. Polzin, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) at CERN, the two PS (Proton Synchrotron) dumps will be redesigned and upgraded for the new high intensity beams. The EN-STI group is in charge of the design and installation of the new dumps, foreseen for the next CERN's Long Shutdown in 2019-2020. As internal dumps, the PS dumps have been installed in 1975 directly in the PS vacuum ring between the main bending magnets and they are operating since then. The dumps enter the beam line when requested by beam operation, with a 6 kg Cu block moved quickly with a spring-based mechanism. This Cu block is not expected to survive the impact of the future beams. A new design is presented for the dump core based on FLUKA-ANSYS coupled simulations. The dumps should work with any PS beam foreseen within LIU, be water cooled in ultra-high vacuum medium, and enter the beam chamber in less than 250 ms. The dump should be used 200000 times per year, with a lifetime of 20 years, with almost zero maintenance. The new challenging design is based on an oscillating thin blade shaving turn after turn the circulating beam. The material considered for the blade are Cu, Ti or CuCrZr with embedded cooling channels.

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WEPVA123

Beam Cleaning of the Vacuum System of the TPS Storage Ring without Baking in Situ

vacuum, storage-ring, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation

3561

C.K. Chan, C.-C. Chang, B.Y. Chen, C.M. Cheng, Y.T. Cheng, J. -Y. Chuang, Y.M. Hsiao, Y.T. Huang, I.C. Sheng, C. Shueh, L.H. Wu, Y.C. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A maintenance procedure without baking in situ has been successfully developed and applied to maintain and upgrade the TPS storage ring vacuum system to shorten the machine downtime. The data of photon-stimulated desorption(PSD) reveal that no obvious discrepancy between the in-situ baked and the non-in-situ baked vacuum systems. A beam conditioning dose of extent only 11.8 A·h is required to recover rapidly the dynamic pressure of an unbaked vacuum system to its pre-intervention value according to the TPS maintenance experience.

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THXA1

Beam-Based Optimization of Storage Ring Nonlinear Beam Dynamics

sextupole, dynamic-aperture, storage-ring, resonance

3627

X. Huang, J.A. Safranek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515.
This paper will present considerations and algorithms for direct online optimization of the nonlinear beam dynamics of existing and future storage rings. The experimental setup and results from using this approach to improve the dynamic aperture of the SPEAR3 storage ring, using the robust conjugate direction search method and the particle swarm optimization method, will be covered.

Slides THXA1 [1.589 MB]

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THPAB006

Nuage, Ion Cloud Tracker

ion, simulation, electron, storage-ring

3692

A. Gamelin, C. Bruni, D. Radevych
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: Work is supported by ANR-10-EQPX-51, by grants from Région Ile-de- France, IN2P3 and Pheniics Doctoral School.
NUAGE is a data parallel Matlab code which simulates the ion cloud effect in electron storage rings. The ion cloud is tracked in the ring taking into account the transverse and longitudinal effect of the beam-ion interaction, tracking in magnetic elements, usage of electrodes and gaps as clearing means. This program has been used to compute ionised ion equilibrium state and its neutralisation factor. In this article the NUAGE code is presented. The model, analysis method and performances are discussed.

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THPAB008

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Applied in Online Commissioning at the MLS and BESSY II

sextupole, storage-ring, simulation, dynamic-aperture

3700

J. Li, J. Feikes, P. Goslawski, M. Ries
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population based optimization technique inspired by the social behaviour of bird flocking. This algorithm has been successfully used for beam dynamics simulation due to its excellent capability to deal with large-dimensional optimization problems. At the MLS and BESSY II PSO was first successfully applied to improve the lifetime by 20~30% within only 10 iterations respectively. Now the PSO has been implemented as a multifunctional online optimizer to improve the machine performance. This paper presents some results of online experiments.

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THPAB024

Emittance Growth at Charge-Exchanging Multi-Turn Injection in KURRI FFAG

emittance, acceleration, scattering, simulation

3747

T. Uesugi, Y. Ishi, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

In the fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) synchrotron in Kyoto university research reactor institute (KURRI), rapid beam loss of factor 100 is observed right after the injection. In the synchrotron, charge-exchanging multi-turn injection is adopted with a stripping foil located on the closed orbit of the injection energy. No bump orbit system is used and the injected beams escape from the foil according to the closed-orbit shift by acceleration. The particles hit the foil many times and that is why the emittance grows up during the injection. In this paper, simulation studies are done to estimate the emittance growth and beam losses. The scattering effect at the foil is modeled by GEANT4.

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THPAB025

Simulation Studies of Transverse Beam Instabilities and Measures Beyond 1 MW Beam Power in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC

impedance, simulation, acceleration, extraction

3750

P.K. Saha, H. Hotchi, Y. Shobuda
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The transverse impedance of the extraction kicker magnets is a significant beam instability source in the 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The systematic simulation studies for beam instability by including the space charge effect has been done by using the ORBIT code. The simulation results are well reproduced in the corresponding measurements. The designed 1 MW beam power has recently been accomplished by keeping sextuple magnets off in order to stabilize the beam by utilizing the large lattice chromaticity throughout the entire acceleration period. The RCS simultaneously delivers extracted beam to the MLF (Material and Life Science Experimental Facility) and the MR (Main Ring). In order to ensure 1 MW beam power at the MLF even when RCS beam sharing to the MR is twice increased as well as when a second target station is constructed at the MLF, a beam power of 1.5 MW has to be realized in the RCS. However, the simulation shows that beyond 1 MW the beam is unstable even if no chromaticity is corrected. A reduction of the kicker impedance by at least a half is required in order to achieve 1.5 MW beam power in the RCS.

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THPAB029

Simulation of the Single Bunch Instabilities for the High Energy Photon Source

impedance, simulation, operation, photon

3760

Z. Duan, N. Wang, H.S. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11605212).
Timing modes pursing a large single bunch charge will be important operation modes for the green-field High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The single bunch instabilities are simulated with the elegant tracking code, based on the current impedance budget. In particular, a novel on-axis accumulation scheme* based on the RF gymnastics of an active double-RF system was proposed as a candidate injection scheme for HEPS, while the zero-current rms bunch length dramatically decreases during the injection, from 32 mm to 3 mm, over a time duration of about 200 ms. The single bunch instabilities are evaluated for both the operation mode with optimal bunch lengthening as well as the injection mode with the very short bunch length, as a first step in understanding the possible beam instability for this injection scheme.
* G. Xu, et al., in Proc. IPAC'16, pp. 2886-2888. Z. Duan, et al., in Proc. eeFACT 2016.

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THPAB030

Studies on Collective Instabilities in HEPS

impedance, operation, ion, damping

3763

N. Wang, Z. Duan, C. Li, S.K. Tian, H.S. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a new designed photon source at beam energy of 6 GeV. Due to the small beam size and increased coupling impedance with the restricted beam pipe aperture, the collective effects may bring new challenges to the physical design of the machine. The collective instabilities are estimated for different operation mode. The critical instability issues are also identified for each mode.

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THPAB034

Generation of Short Intense Heavy-Ion Pulses in HIAF

acceleration, ion, heavy-ion, cavity

3774

D.Y. Yin, H. Du, L.J. Mao, G.D. Shen, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The HIAF is a new accelerator complex under design at IMP to provide intense primary and radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, high energy density physics and other applications. As a key part of HIAF, the Booster Ring (BRing) is designed to accumulate and accelerate heavy ion beams provided by iLinac up to high intensity and energy. The high quality, well focused, strongly bunched intense Uranium beam (U³⁴⁺) with high energy and high intensity of 10¹¹ will open a new area for the HED physics research in laboratory. Based on the beam parameters of 238U³⁴⁺ proposed by the BRing, the two critical issues of producing short bunch with high beam intensity are studied. One is efficiency of adiabatic capture which can be a necessary prerequisite to ensure the beam intensity, and the other one is bunch compression in longitudinal which is an effective way of producing short pulse duration bunch. In this article, the analytical calculations and tracking simulations are described, the capture efficiency and possible bunch length under the action of planning RF system are presented

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THPAB035

Central Region Design of the Hust SCC250 Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, proton, cathode

3778

L.X.F. Li
Private Address, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
K.J. Kuanjun, M.Z. Mei, Z.J. Zeng, L.G. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Recently, the development of a 250 MeV cyclotron for advanced cancer therapy has been carried out by Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST) . It has four sector magnet and RF cavity which resonance frequency is 74.69 MHz. The internal ion source was adopted and the central region was designed to accommodate the starting beam. In this paper, the design of the central region to optimize the initial circumstances for H¬+ beam were described. The electric and magnetic field distribution were designed by electrostatic and magnetic solver in OPERA-3D TOSCA. The beam characteristics including the beam orbit, motion of the center of orbit, energy gain was investigated for central region was simulated by means of computer code Z3CYCLONE.

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THPAB077

Opal Simulations of the PSI Ring Cyclotron and a Design for a Higher Order Mode Flat Top Cavity

cavity, cyclotron, simulation, flattop

3891

N. Pogue
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
A. Adelmann, L. Stingelin
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007-2013) under grant agreement n.°290605 (PSI-FELLOW/COFUND).
The PSI cyclotron has been producing high power proton beam for 41 years. Over its lifetime it has been upgraded from producing 100 μA to 2.2 mA at 590 MeV. As the power reaches higher levels, it become more important to understand how the machine's beam dynamics will reach to new features of devices introduced. We present an OPAL (Object Oriented Parallel Accelerator Library) model of the cyclotron and compared it to the probe measurements from the machine. This model has good agreement with the measurements over the ~180 revolutions in the machine. Using this same model, a higher order mode flat top cavity was inserted into the machine to illustrate that its design and field structure allowed beam to be extracted. The HOM cavity design will also be presented. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

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THPAB081

The Effects of Space-Charge on the Dynamics of the Ion Booster in the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC)

booster, space-charge, resonance, emittance

3906

E.W. Nissen, S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Notice: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Optimization of the booster synchrotron design to operate in the extreme space-charge dominated regime is proposed. This study is motivated by the ultra-high luminosity promised by the JLEIC accelerator complex, which poses several beam dynamics and lattice design challenges for its individual components. We examine the effects of space charge on the dynamics of the booster synchrotron for the proposed JLEIC electron ion collider. This booster will inject and accumulate protons and heavy ions at an energy of 280 MeV and then engage in a process of acceleration and electron cooling to bring it to its extraction energy of 8 GeV. This would then be sent into the ion collider ring part of JLEIC. In order to examine the effects of space charge on the dynamics of this process we use the software SYNERGIA.

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THPAB096

Automatized Optimization of Beam Lines Using Evolutionary Algorithms

ion, simulation, operation, quadrupole

3941

S. Appel, V. Chetvertkova, W. Geithner, F. Herfurth, U. Krause, S. Reimann, M. Sapinski, P. Schütt
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
D. Österle
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Due to the massive parallel operation modes at GSI accelerators, a lot of accelerator setup and re-adjustment has to be made by operators during a beam time. This is typically done manually using potentiometers and is very time-consuming. With the FAIR project the complexity of the accelerator facility increases further and for efficiency reasons it is recommended to establish a high level of automation for future operation. Modern Accelerator Control Systems allow a fast access to both, accelerator settings and beam diagnostics data. This provides the opportunity to implement algorithms for automated adjustment of e.g. magnet settings to maximize transmission and optimize required beam parameters. The fast-switching magnets in GSI-beamlines are an optimal basis for an automatic exploration of the parameter-space. The optimization of the parameters for the SIS18 multi-turn-injection using a genetic algorithm has already been simulated*. The first results of our automatized online parameter optimization at the CRYRING@ESR injector are presented here.
[*] S. Appel, O. Boine-Frankenheim: Optimization of Multi-turn Injection into a Heavy-Ion Synchrotron using Genetic Algorithms, Proceedings of IPAC2015, Richmond, USA (2015)

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THPAB151

Online Optimisation Applications at SPS

coupling, storage-ring, sextupole, quadrupole

4086

T. Pulampong, P. Klysubun, S. Kongtawong, S. Krainara, P. Sudmuang
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Optimisation of a particle accelerator with very limited diagnostic system is proved to be very challenging and complicated. Theoretical calculation and perfect machine model never guarantee the best solution in the actual machine. In this work, optimisation of injection system from Low energy Beam Transport line (LBT) to Siam Photon Source (SPS) storage ring and reduction of beam coupling employing Robust Conjugate Direction Search (RCDS) algorithm are demonstrated. New record improvement on injection efficiency and better coupling control will be presented.

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THPAB153

An Online Multi-Objective Optimisation Package

controls, kicker, storage-ring, timing

4092

I.P.S. Martin, M. Apollonio, R. Bartolini, M.J. Furseman
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini, G.A. Bird
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
D.R. Obee
Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom

The overall performance of an electron storage ring is critically dependant on a large number of variables. It can be characterised in many ways, such as by lifetime, injection efficiency, beam stability and so on. It is frequently the case however that improving one parameter comes at the cost of harming another. Equally, given the large number of variables involved in optimising the ring performance, the true, global optimum solution may be difficult to identify using simple parameter scans. In order to address this problem, a flexible optimisation tool has been developed. This tool is capable of optimising several parameters at once and can cope with an arbitrary number of variables (individually or in families). The tool is designed to be robust to measurement noise, and has been applied to a number of different optimisation problems. This paper presents an overview of the package, as well as the results of the first tests.

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THPIK015

Prototype Results of the ESR Barrier-Bucket System

cavity, impedance, accumulation, coupling

4133

M. Frey, P. Hülsmann, H. Klingbeil
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
D. Domont-Yankulova, K. Groß, J. Harzheim, H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

The experimental storage ring (ESR), operated at the GSI facility in Darmstadt, Germany, allows experiments with a variety of ion species. In combination with the existing electron cooler, its RF cavities have been used to demonstrate longitudinal beam accumulation in order to increase the beam intensity. Limitations of the existing narrow-band cavities led to the development of a magnetic alloy (MA) based broad-band cavity for the generation of Barrier-Bucket signals. The application of a pre-distortion method demands high linearity of the driver amplifier and highlights the importance of its selection process. In this contribution, the cavity and amplifier system design is described and data measured at a prototype system are presented.

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THPIK113

Tuner of a Second Harmonic Cavity of the Fermilab Booster

cavity, booster, resonance, extraction

4362

I. Terechkine, K.L. Duel, R.L. Madrak, A.V. Makarov, G.V. Romanov, D. Sun, C.-Y. Tan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Introducing a second harmonic cavity in the accelerating system of the Fermilab Booster promises significant reduction of the particle beam loss during the injection, transition, and extraction stages. To follow the changing energy of the beam during acceleration cycles, the cavity is equipped with a tuner that employs perpendicularly biased AL800 garnet material as the frequency tuning media. The required tuning range of the cavity is from 75.73 MHz at injection to 10⁵.64 MHz at extraction. This large range necessitates the use of a relatively low bias magnetic field at injection, which could lead to high RF loss power density in the garnet, or a strong bias magnetic field at extraction, which could result in high power consumption in the tuner's bias magnet. The required 15 Hz repetition rate of the device and high sensitivity of the local RF power loss to the level of the magnetic field added to the challenges of the bias system design. In this report, the main features of a proposed prototype of the second harmonic cavity tuner are presented.

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THPIK116

Static Magnetization Properties of AL800 Garnet Material

cavity, booster, extraction, power-supply

4370

J. Kuharik, R.L. Madrak, A.V. Makarov, W. Pellico, D. Sun, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A second harmonic tunable RF cavity is being developed for the Fermilab Booster. This device, which promises reduction of the particle beam loss at the injection, transition, and extraction stages, employs perpendicularly biased garnet material for the frequency tuning. The required range of the tuning is significantly wider than in previously built and tested tunable RF devices. As a result, the magnetic field in the garnet becomes fairly close to the gyromagnetic resonance line at the lower end of the frequency range. The chosen design concept of a tuner for the cavity cannot ensure uniform magnetic field in the garnet material; thus it is important to know the static magnetic properties of the material to avoid significant increase in the local RF loss power density. This report summarizes studies performed at Fermilab to understand variations in the magnetic properties of the AL-800 garnet material used to build the tuner of the cavity.

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THPIK121

Eddy Current Analysis for a 1.495 GHz Injection-Locked Magnetron

interaction-region, cavity, klystron, SRF

4383

S.A. Kahn, A. Dudas, R.P. Johnson, M.L. Neubauer
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: U.S. DOE SBIR/STTR grant DE-SC0013203
An injection-locked amplitude modulated magnetron is being developed as a reliable, efficient RF source that could replace klystrons used in particle accelerators. A trim magnetic coil is used to alter the magnetic field in conjunction with the anode voltage to maintain an SRF cavity voltage while the cavity is experiencing microphonics and changing beam loading. The microphonic noise modes have frequencies in the range 10-100 Hz. The changing magnetic field will induce transient eddy currents in the copper anode of the magnetron which will buck the field in the interaction region. This paper will describe the calculation and handling of the eddy currents in the magnetron.

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THPIK122

Methods of Phase and Power Control in Magnetron Transmitters for Superconducting Accelerators

controls, power-supply, SRF, operation

4386

G.M. Kazakevich, R.P. Johnson, M.L. Neubauer
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
V.A. Lebedev, W. Schappert, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Various methods of phase and power control in magnetron RF sources of superconducting accelerators intended for ADS-class projects were recently developed and studied with conventional 2.45 GHz, 1 kW, CW magnetrons operating in pulsed and CW regimes. Magnetron trans-mitters excited by a resonant (injection-locking) phase-modulated signal can provide phase and power control with the rates required for precise stabilization of phase and amplitude of the accelerating field in Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities of the intensity-frontier accelerators. An innovative technique that can significantly increase the magnetron transmitter efficiency at the wide-range power control required for superconducting accelerators was developed and verified with the 2.45 GHz magnetrons operating in CW and pulsed regimes. High efficiency magnetron transmitters of this type can significantly reduce the capital and operation costs of the ADS-class accelerator projects.

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THPIK123

Magnetron Design for Amplitude Modulation

cavity, cryomodule, radiation, vacuum

4389

M.L. Neubauer, A. Dudas, S.A. Kahn
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The amplitude modulation (AM) of a magnetron is accomplished by varying the magnetic field which changes the current to the anode and the output power of the injection locked magnetron. The purpose of the AM is to compensate for microphonics in super conducting cavities by maintaining a constant gradient. The frequency range for the microphones is below 200 Hz. At these frequencies, eddy currents are encountered in the magnetron anode that reduce the effectiveness of the varying magnetic field on the magnetron current. A novel anode design is described which minimizes eddy currents and a method for manufacturing this novel magnetron anode is presented

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THPVA006

Space-Charge Compensation in the Transition Area Between LEBT and RFQ

rfq, electron, ion, simulation

4425

P.P. Schneider, D. Born, V.A. Britten, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
D. Noll
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) #05P15RFRBA and by HORIZON 2020 for the MYRRHA project #662186
The transition from a space charge compensated beam in the LEBT to an uncompensated beam in the RFQ will influence the beam parameters. To investigate the impact of the electric fields on the space charge compensation, an insulated cone is used as a repeller electrode in front of the RFQ. Depending on the time dependent potential of the RFQ rods respectively to the beam potential, the compensation electrons may be prevented from moving into the RF field which oozes out of the RFQ entrance. The simulation studies are performed with the particle-in-cell code bender*. The simulations may substantiate measurements at the CW-operated RFQ in Frankfurt University** as well as at the foreseen MYRRHA LEBT-RFQ interface.*** In this contribution, a study on a LEBT-RFQ interface is shown. Results of numerical and experimental investigations will be compared.
*Noll, D. et al.The Particle-in-Cell Code Bender and Its Application to Non-Relativistic Beam Transport, WEO4LR02, HB'14
**Meusel, O. et al.FRANZ Accelerator Test Bench and Neutron Source.,MO3A03, LINAC'12
***R. Salemme et al.Design Progress of the MYRRHA Low Energy Beam Line, MOPP137, LINAC'14

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THPVA023

Studies of Longitudinal Beam Stability in CERN PS Booster After Upgrade

impedance, simulation, space-charge, emittance

4469

D. Quartullo, S.C.P. Albright, E.N. Shaposhnikova
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN PS Booster, comprised of four superposed rings, is the first synchrotron in the LHC proton injection chain. In 2021, after major upgrades, the injection and extraction beam energies, as well as the acceleration rate, will be increased. The required beam intensities should be a factor of two higher for nominal LHC and fixed-target beams, and the currently used narrow-band ferrite systems will be replaced by broad-band Finemet cavities in all four rings. Future beam stability was investigated using simulations with the Beam Longitudinal Dynamics (BLonD) code. The simulation results for existing situation were compared with beam measurements and gave a good agreement. An accurate impedance model, together with a careful estimation of the longitudinal space charge, was used in simulations of the future acceleration cycle in single and double RF, with phase and radial loops and controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up. Since the beam is not ultra-relativistic and fills the whole ring (h=1), the front and multi-turn back wakes were taken into account, as well as the RF feedbacks which reduce the effect of the Finemet impedance at the revolution frequency harmonics.

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THPVA024

Controlled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-Up Using Band-Limited Phase Noise in CERN PSB

emittance, simulation, impedance, synchrotron

4473

D. Quartullo, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Controlled longitudinal emittance blow-up (from 1 eVs to 1.4 eVs) for LHC beams in the CERN PS Booster is currently achievied using sinusoidal phase modulation of a dedicated high-harmonic RF system. In 2021, after the LHC injectors upgrade, 3 eVs should be extracted to the PS. Even if the current method may satisfy the new requirements, it relies on low-power level RF improvements. In this paper another method of blow-up was considered, that is the injection of band-limited phase noise in the main RF system (h=1), never tried in PSB but already used in CERN SPS and LHC, under different conditions (longer cycles). This technique, which lowers the peak line density and therefore the impact of intensity effects in the PSB and the PS, can also be complementary to the present method. The longitudinal space charge, dominant in the PSB, causes significant synchrotron frequency shifts with intensity, and its effect should be taken into account. Another complication arises from the interaction of the phase loop with the injected noise, since both act on the RF phase. All these elements were studied in simulations of the PSB cycle with the BLonD code, and the required blow-up was achieved.

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THPVA037

Injection of a Self-Consistent Beam at the Spallation Neutron Source

simulation, space-charge, closed-orbit, target

4516

J.A. Holmes, S.M. Cousineau, T.V. Gorlov, M.A. Plum
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Science.
We plan to demonstrate the injection of a self-consistent beam into the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Self-consistent beams are defined to be ellipsoidal distributions with uniform density and to retain these properties under all linear transformations. Self-consistent distributions may generate very little halo if realized in practice. Some may also be manipulated to generate flat beams. Self-consistent distributions involve very special relationships between the phase space coordinates, making them difficult to realize experimentally. One self-consistent distribution, the 2D rotating distribution, can be painted into the SNS ring, with slight modification of the lattice. However, it is unknown how robust self-consistent distributions will be under real world transport in the presence of nonlinearities and other collective effects. This paper studies these issues and the mitigation of unwanted effects by applying realistic detailed computational models to the simulation of the injection of rotating beams into SNS. The result is a feasible prescription for the injection of a rotating self-consistent distribution into the SNS ring.

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THPVA054

Research of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source Stripper Foil

vacuum, neutron, ion, proton

4562

J.X. Chen
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
L. Kang, J.B. Yu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.11375217.
In the injection process of spallation neutron source, the effect of the stripper foil is extremely critical, which is the key equipment to realize the conversion of negative hydrogen ions into proton injection. This paper mainly introduces the research of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) stripper foil. The CSNS stripper foil is a diamond-like carbon (DLC) foil with a thickness of 100 micrograms per square centimetre. This paper introduces the study of the thickness of the CSNS stripper foil, the installation method and the installation process in the tunnel site. Simultaneously, the influence of the gas flow rate of the vacuum chamber on the vibration of the foils is simulated. In the end of this paper, the research plan and follow-up of the experimental equipment of the stripper foil are introduced.

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THPVA067

Observation of Beam Disturbance Caused by ID Gap Variation at TLS Storage Ring

undulator, electron, synchrotron, insertion-device

4598

H.C. Chen, C.L. Chen, H.H. Chen, C.H. Kuo, Y.K. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Insertion device is controlled by user for specific experimental condition on user beam time. It operates with user defined gap and phase. Three different undulators are installed in TLS (Taiwan Light Source), including one elliptically polarized undulator. Interactions between these undulators were studied to demonstrate the impact on beam performance. How to get more stable beam under undulators' interaction is discussed in this study.

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THPVA073

Latest Results on Fast Kicker for g-2 E-989 Experiment at Fermilab

kicker, impedance, experiment, storage-ring

4616

A.A. Mikhailichenko, D. L. Rubin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

We are describing the latest results on fabrication and measurements of kicker and pulser and beam dynamics in E-989 experiment at FERMILAB on precise measurement of anomalous magnetic moment of muon.

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THPVA095

Storage Ring Injection Kickers Alignment Optimization in NSLS-II

kicker, timing, storage-ring, operation

4683

G.M. Wang, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, T.V. Shaftan, X. Yang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is a state of the art 3 GeV third generation light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The SR is designed to work in top-off injection mode. The injection straight includes a septum and four fast kicker magnets with independent amplitude and timing control. Ideally, fast kickers formed a local bump, which is transparent to stored beam during top off injection. Due to mismatch of kicker voltage, timing or waveform, there is residual betatron oscillation and impact normal operation. This paper will present the injection kicker waveform measurement with beam, local and global alignment optimization to in improve top off injection transition.

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THPVA133

HEATHER - HElium Ion Accelerator for RadioTHERapy

ion, acceleration, proton, resonance

4768

J. Taylor, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S. Green
University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (nsFFAG) accelerator is being designed for helium ion therapy. This facility will consist of 2 superconducting rings, treating with helium ions (He²⁺ ) and image with hydrogen ions (H + 2 ). Currently only carbon ions are used to treat cancer, yet there is an increasing interest in the use of lighter ions for therapy. Lighter ions have reduced dose tail beyond the tumour compared to carbon, caused by low Z secondary particles produced via inelastic nuclear reactions. An FFAG approach for helium therapy has never been previously considered. Having demonstrated isochronous acceleration from 0.5 MeV to 900 MeV, we now demonstrate the survival of a realistic beam across both stages.

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