Keyword: cryogenics
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MOPAB037 Analytical and Numerical Performance Analysis of a Cryogenic Current Comparator damping, dipole, simulation, beam-diagnostic 160
 
  • N. Marsic, H. De Gersem, W.F.O. Müller
    TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • F. Kurian, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  Funding: This research is funded by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung as the project BMBF-05P15RDRBB Ultra-Sensitive Strahlstrommessung für zukünftige Beschleunigeranlagen.
Nowadays, cryogenic current comparators (CCCs) are among the most accurate devices for measuring extremely small electric currents. Probably the most interesting property of this equipment, is the excellent position independence of the current passing through it. This feature motivated the use of CCCs for beam instrumentation in particle accelerators. A typical CCC consists of a ferrite core, a pick-up coil, a superconducting quantum interference device, appropriate electronics and superconducting shielding consisting of a meander structure. This configuration offers a strong attenuation for all the magnetic field components, except for the azimuthal one. Thus, high precision measurements of extremely low beam currents are made possible. The damping performance of this device is analysed in this work. A 3D finite element (FE) analysis has been carried out and the computed results were compared to an analytical model*. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computation time, a 2.5D FE model is also proposed and discussed.
* K. Grohmann et al., Field attenuation as the underlying principle of
cryo-current comparators 2. Ring cavity elements, Cryogenics, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 601-605, 1976. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPAB037  
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MOPIK009 Characterization of Cold Model Cavity for Cryocooled C-Band 2.6-Cell Photocathode RF Gun at 20 K cavity, gun, experiment, simulation 518
 
  • T. Tanaka, K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, K. Nakao, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, K. Takatsuka
    LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
  • M.K. Fukuda, D. Satoh, T. Takatomi, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa, M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  
  Funding: This work was partly supported by the Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT).
A cryocooled C-band 2.6-cell photocathode RF electron gun has been studied at Nihon University in cooperation with KEK. The cold model cavity with an input coupler was completed in spring 2016. The RF characteristics measured at room temperature were in agreement with the prediction by the CST Studio simulation. The RF characteristics at 20 K have been measured using a rather simple cavity-cooling vacuum system that was built by using existing components for tentative experiments. A thin-wall stainless-steel R48 waveguide with copper-plated inner walls has been used for the RF power transmission from the room-temperature input port to the 20-K cooled coupler waveguide. The unloaded Q-value of 73000 has been obtained by the reflection coefficient measurement at 20 K, which is in agreement with the result of the CST Studio simulation using the cavity surface resistance predicted by the theory of the anomalous skin effect. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK009  
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MOPVA040 Status of the ESS Elliptical Cryomodules at CEA Saclay cryomodule, cavity, vacuum, SRF 945
 
  • P. Bosland, C. Arcambal, F. Ardellier, S. Berry, A. Bouygues, A. Bruniquel, E. Cenni, J.-P. Charrier, C. Cloué, G. Devanz, F. Éozénou, T. Hamelin, X. Hanus, P. Hardy, C. Marchand, O. Piquet, J. Plouin, J.P. Poupeau, T. Trublet
    CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • G. Costanza
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • C. Darve
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • P. Michelato
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • G. Olivier
    IPN, Orsay, France
  • F. Peauger
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  
  The first ESS prototype cryomodule with medium beta cavities named M-ECCTD is being assembled at CEA Saclay. The Q curves of the 4 cavities mounted inside the cryomodule are presented, and the four power couplers have been conditioned at high power before their assembly onto the cavity string. Completion of the M-ECCTD assembly outside clean room is in progress as well as the finalization of the RF power test stand preparation. RF power tests of the M-ECCTD will be performed during summer 2017. CEA is preparing the production of the ESS medium and high beta cryomodules of the series before the test of the M-ECCTD and the contracts for the procurement of the most critical components have already been signed  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA040  
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MOPVA068 Experience on Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Large Grain ESS Medium Beta Prototype Cavity cavity, radiation, niobium, operation 1027
 
  • D. Sertore, A. Bellandi, M. Bertucci, A. Bignami, A. Bosotti, J.F. Chen, C.G. Maiano, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, R. Paparella, P. Pierini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • C. Pagani
    Università degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate, Italy
  • S. Pirani
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  We report on the design, fabrication and testing of an ESS Medium Beta prototype cavity made with Large Grain Niobium sheets sliced from an ingot provided by CBMM. The peculiar choices during the fabrication process related to the Large Grain Niobium material are described. We present also the results of the cavity test at cryogenic temperature and the dedicated quench diagnostic.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA068  
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MOPVA075 Development of High Sensitive X-Ray Mapping for SC Cavities cavity, survey, operation, interface 1040
 
  • H. Tongu, H. Hokonohara, Y. Iwashita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • R.L. Geng, A.D. Palczewski
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • H. Hayano, T. Kubo, T. Saeki, Y. Yamamoto
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H. Oikawa
    Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
  
  We developed an X-ray mapping system sX-map for superconducting cavities. The sensors are inserted under the stiffener rings between cavity cells, whose locations are close to the iris areas. The whole circuits are im-mersed in liquid He and the multiplexed signals reduces the number of cables to the room temperature region. sX-map has the advantages in its compact size, low cost and simple setup for nondestructive inspections. The sX-map system detected X-rays from field emissions in vertical RF tests of ILC 9-cell cavities at Jefferson Lab (JLab) and KEK. sX-map showed an excellent performance in the meas-urement test at JLab, it exhibited a high sensitivity com-pared with an the fixed diode rings colocated at irises and ion chamber located out side of the vertical test cryostat.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA075  
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MOPVA076 Measurement of Thin Film Coating on Superconductors controls, experiment, FPGA, photon 1043
 
  • Y. Iwashita, Y. Fuwa, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
  • H. Hayano, T. Kubo, T. Saeki
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M. Hino
    Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • H. Oikawa
    Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
  
  Funding: This research is supported by following programs: Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26600142 and Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the MEXT.
Multilayer thin film coating is a promising technology to enhance performance of superconducting cavities. Until recently, principal parameters to achieve the sufficient performance had not been known, such as the thickness of each layer. We proposed a method to deduce a set of the parameters to exhibit a good performances. In order to verify the scheme, we are trying to make some experiments on the subject at Kyoto. The sample preparation and the test setup for the measurement apparatus will be discussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA076  
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MOPVA089 The Cryomodule Test Stands for the European Spallation Source cryomodule, klystron, cavity, controls 1064
 
  • E. Asensi Conejero, W. Hees
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • K. Fransson, K.J. Gajewski, L. Hermansson, M. Jobs, H. Li, T. Lofnes, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, R. Santiago Kern, R. Wedberg
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently under construction in Lund, in southern Sweden. The superconducting section of the linear accelerator consists of three parts; 26 double-spoke cavities at 352.21 MHz gathered in 13 cryomodules, 36 medium beta elliptical cavities at 704.42 MHz gathered in 9 cryomodules and 84 high beta elliptical cavities also at 704.42 MHz gathered in 21 cryomodules. These cryomodules allow the acceleration of the beam from 90 MeV to 2.0 GeV. The cryomodules have to be tested in dedicated test facilities before installation in the ESS tunnel, the Test Stand 2 (TS2) in Lund and the FREIA Test Stand at Uppsala University, Sweden, which are dedicated to the tests of the medium and high beta elliptical cryomodules and the spoke cavity cryomodules, respectively, for the ESS linear accelerator. All cryomodules will go through their Site Acceptance Tests (SAT) on these dedicated test stands which will each consist of an RP bunker, a test stand cryoplant and RF power sources. Both test stands will allow the SAT of cryomodules with full cryogenic load at the final operating temperature and with full RF load on all cavities in parallel.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA089  
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MOPVA091 Investigation of HOM Frequency Shifts Induced by Mechanical Tolerances cavity, HOM, simulation, operation 1071
 
  • S. Pirani, M. Eshraqi, M. Lindroos
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • A. Bosotti, J.F. Chen, P. Michelato, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, D. Sertore
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI), Italy
  • T.P.Å. Åkesson
    Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
  
  We present Higher Order Mode (HOM) studies on ESS Medium-Beta cavity of INFN-LASA design, including both simulation and measurement results. Mechanical tolerances of the fabrication process might shift HOMs frequencies toward harmonics of the bunch frequency. Both simulation and measurements at room and cryogenic temperature show that INFN LASA cavity is fully compatible with ESS requirements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA091  
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MOPVA097 Finite Element Analysis on Helium Discharge from Superconducting RF in the Storage Ring Tunnel simulation, SRF, cavity, distributed 1085
 
  • J.-C. Chang, F. Z. Hsiao, J.C. Huang, S.P. Kao, H.C. Li, W.R. Liao, C.Y. Liu, H.H. Tsai, Z.-D. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  Liquid helium for transferring cooling power from the cryogenic plant to the magnets and SRF cavities had been widely applied on the advanced large superconducting particle accelerators. For requirements of high stable and reliable operation, many efforts have been put into the improvement and modification of the cryogenic system. However, personnel safety is another critical issue of the cryogenic system. Once large liquid helium was released on the atmospheric tunnel, the volume of helium will expand several hundred times and cause oxygen deficiency in short time due to sudden change of helium density. In this study, we applied numerical simulation to analyze helium discharge through a SRF cavity in the TPS tunnel.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA097  
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MOPVA098 Strategy Towards Non-Interrupted Operation of Superconducting Radio Frequency Modules at NSRRC SRF, operation, vacuum, cavity 1088
 
  • Ch. Wang, F.Y. Chang, L.-H. Chang, M.H. Chang, J. Chen, L.J. Chen, F.-T. Chung, M.-C. Lin, Z.K. Liu, C.H. Lo, C.L. Tsai, M.-S. Yeh, T.-C. Yu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  Two modern 3rd generation light sources, the well-developed 1.5-GeV Taiwan Light Source (TLS) and the new constructed 3-GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), are now in routine operation. Both storage rings are powered by the superconducting RF (cavity) modules, one CESR-type SRF module for the TLS since 2005 and two KEKB-type SRF modules for the TPS since 2014. Thanks to continuous efforts, the operational reliability of SRF modules at NSRRC is now compatible or better in comparison with the best operation record of room temperature cavities ever achieved at TLS (1992-2004). How to improve the long term availability but hold the achieved reliability of SRF modules such as to maximize the available annual user beam time, especially, under requirements on high RF power operation, become a new operational challenge, especially for the SRF modules at TPS which is now routinely operated with a forward RF power around 150-kW individually and expected to push to 300-kW in the coming future. Here we report our strategy and achievement to minimize long term interrupt of SRF operation owing to regular full-thermal cycling and annual maintenance of cryogenic plant.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA098  
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MOPVA121 Frequency Tuner Development at Cornell for the RAON Half-Wave-Resonator cavity, cryomodule, controls, simulation 1134
 
  • M. Ge, F. Furuta, T. Gruber, D.L. Hall, S.W. Hartman, C. Henderson, M. Liepe, S. Lok, T.I. O'Connell, P.J. Pamel, P. Quigley, J. Sears, V. Veshcherevich
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • B.H. Choi, J. Joo, J.W. Kim, W.K. Kim, J. Lee, I. Shin
    IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  
  The half-wave-resonators (HWR) for the RAON pro-ject require a slow frequency tuner that can provide at least 80 kHz tuning range. Cornell University is currently in the process of designing, prototyping, and testing this HWR tuner. In this paper, we present the tuner design, prototype fabrication, and first test results.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA121  
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MOPVA135 Fabrication, Processing and RF Test of RF-Dipole Prototype Crabbing Cavity for LHC High Luminosity Upgrade cavity, dipole, HOM, luminosity 1174
 
  • S.U. De Silva, J.R. Delayen
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • H. Park
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  The superconducting rf-dipole crabbing cavity is one of two crabbing cavity designs proposed for the LHC high luminosity upgrade. The proof-of-principle rf-dipole cavity operating at 400 MHz has demonstrated excellent performance exceeding the design specifications. The prototype cavity for SPS beam test has been designed to include the fundamental power coupler, HOM couplers, and all the ancillary components intended to meet the design requirements. A crabbing cavity system is expected to be installed in the SPS beam line and tested prior to the installation in LHC; this will be the first crabbing cavity operation on a proton beam. The fabrication of two prototype rf-dipole cavities is currently being completed at Jefferson Lab. This paper presents the details on cavity processing and cryogenic test results of the rf-dipole cavities.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPVA135  
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TUOAA3 Progress of Pr2Fe14B Based Hybrid Cryogenic Undulators at SOLEIL undulator, radiation, electron, photon 1213
 
  • A.M. Ghaith, P. Berteaud, F. Blache, F. Briquez, N. Béchu, M.-E. Couprie, J. Da Silva Castro, J.M. Dubuisson, C. Herbeaux, C.A. Kitegi, A. Lestrade, O. Marcouillé, F. Marteau, M. Sebdaoui, G. Sharma, A. Somogyi, K.T. Tavakoli, M. Tilmont, M. Valléau
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • C. Benabderrahmane
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
  
  Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulators (CPMUs) take advantage of the enhanced field performance of permanent magnets when cooled down to low temperature, enabling shorter period with sufficient magnetic field to achieve high brightness radiation in the X-ray domain. Several CPMUs have been manufactured at SOLEIL. The first CPMU of period 18 mm (U18), optimized with a phase error of 3.2° at temperature of 77 K, has been installed and operated for the past 5 years at SOLEIL for the NANOSCOPIUM beamline. We report on photon beam based alignment enabling for a better adjustment of the vertical position offset of the undulator with a precision of 50 μm, and on the correction of the taper with a precision of 5 μrad to enhance the radiation flux. A second U18 cryo-ready undulator, with a new mechanical and magnetic sorting of module shimming, has attained a phase error of 2.3° at CT without any further adjustments after the assembly. Currently, two more CPMUs are being built; a 2 m long U18 for the SOLEIL ANATOMIX beamline, and a 3 m long U15 undulator reaching a magnetic gap of 3 mm. The new challenges encountered with magnetic measurements and mechanical designs for U15 are presented.  
slides icon Slides TUOAA3 [3.491 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUOAA3  
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TUPAB032 Development of a Cryogenic GaAs DC Photo-Gun for High-Current Applications electron, cathode, vacuum, ion 1391
 
  • S. Weih, T. Eggert, J. Enders, M. Espig, Y. Fritzsche, N. Kurichiyanil, M. Wagner
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  Funding: Work supported by DFG (GRK 2128) and BMBF (05H15RDRB1)
For high-current applications of GaAs photocathodes it is necessary to maximize the charge lifetime of the cathode material to ensure reliable operation. By means of cryogenic cooling of the electrode, the local vacuum conditions around the source can be improved due to cryogenic adsorption of reactive rest-gas molecules at the surrounding walls. Furthermore, the cooling also allows a higher laser power deposited in the material, resulting in higher currents that can be extracted from the cathode. Ion-backbombardment is expected to be reduced using electrostatic bending of the electrons behind the cathode. To measure the characteristics of such an electron source, a dedicated set-up is being developed at the Photo-CATCH test facility in Darmstadt. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB032  
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TUPAB039 Installation Management for the European XFEL Main Accelerator Ethernet, status, controls, electron 1409
 
  • M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, F. Eints
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  By end of 2016, the main accelerator of the European XFEL was completed. To build this complex machine in a minimum of time, certain management methods were introduced in mid 2015, which accelerated the installation process substantially. In the following 64 weeks additional 84 % of the main accelerator were set up. This was possible due to an improved planning, the reinforcement of two teams as well as a permanent controlling and optimizing of the installation process. In this paper, the installation process from July 2015 to end 2016 and the measures which speeded up the workflow are described.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB039  
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TUPAB064 Development of a PrFeB Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator (CPMU) Prototype at IHEP vacuum, undulator, permanent-magnet, photon 1469
 
  • H.H. Lu, W. Chen, L. Gong, X.Y. Li, L.Z. Li, S.C. Sun, Y.J. Sun, Y.F. Yang, L. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, S.T. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  A PrFeB cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) prototype is under construction for High Energy Photon Source Test Facility (HEPS-TF) at IHEP. The device is a full scale in-vacuum undulator with a magnetic length of 2 meters and a period of 13.5 mm, and it will work at less than 85K. The whole design scheme of prototype is presented and the specifications are given, where the consideration of in-vacuum magnetic measurement bench is also included. The development progress is introduced.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB064  
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TUPAB066 Mechanical Design of a Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator at IHEP vacuum, undulator, permanent-magnet, photon 1475
 
  • S.C. Sun, W. Chen, L. Gong, X.Y. Li, L.Z. Li, H.H. Lu, Y.J. Sun, Y.F. Yang, L. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, S.T. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) at Institute of High energy Physics (IHEP) is a new 6 GeV third generation electron storage ring. Insertion devices play a significant role in achieving the high performance of the photon source. A 13.5mm period-length Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator (CPMU) prototype is designed and under construction. The mechanical structure designed based on physical requirements will be presented.
Work supported by Project of High Energy Photon Source Test Facility,
email address: sunsc@ihep.ac.cn 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB066  
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TUPAB068 Design of the CPMU Vacuum System at the HEPS vacuum, undulator, radiation, photon 1482
 
  • L. Zhang, H.H. Lu, S.C. Sun
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light source. Its beam energy is 6 GeV and its emittance is less than 60 pm'rad, which can provide high brilliance hard X-rays to several tens of experimental stations. The Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator (CPMU) is one of the key components to achieve the high brilliance. And its vacuum system is necessary to provide an ultra-high vacuum environment for CPMU operation. To design the CPMU vacuum system, we do experiments to test the outgassing rate, estimate the total gas load, calculate the effective pumping speed, design the baking program and select all pumps and other vacuum equipments. This paper presents the design specifications and the assemblage status of the CPMU vacuum system.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB068  
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TUPAB105 Field Measurement System for a Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator in TPS undulator, vacuum, permanent-magnet, multipole 1559
 
  • C.K. Yang, C.H. Chang, T.Y. Chung, W.H. Hsieh, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  Short period in-vacuum, permanent magnet undulators operating at cryogenic temperatures are being developed worldwide to serve as brilliant and coherent light sources for medium energy storage rings. A hybrid cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CU) with PrFeB magnets has now been designed and constructed at NSRRC [1]. To characterize the performance and to determine magnetic field errors after cool down poses some technical chal-lenges compared to room temperature undulators. A new system combining a Hall probe and a stretched wire has been designed to measure the field integrals, trajectory, phase errors, and K value under low temperature and vacuum conditions. Field measurements in this cryogenic undulator will be performed around 77 K as well as at room temperature, making temperature dependent calibra-tion of the Hall probes necessary. The main features and improvement of the measurement and calibration system are presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB105  
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TUPAB106 Development of a Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator for the TPS undulator, vacuum, permanent-magnet, radiation 1562
 
  • J.C. Huang, C.H. Chang, T.Y. Chung, C.-S. Hwang, J.C. Jan, C.S. Yang, C.K. Yang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • H. Kitamura
    RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
  
  Development of a cryogenic permanent magnet undu-lator (CPMU) at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is the most recent activity toward a new light source for the Phase-II beamlines. A hybrid-type CPMU with a period length of 15 mm is under construction with PrFeB permanent-magnet materials. A maximum effective magnetic field of 1.77 T at a gap of 3 mm is expected when the magnets (PMs) are cooled down around 77 K. The features desired for the TPS CPMU are low-intrinsic-phase-error characteristics and high thermal budget for various kinds of heat loads. The design of the TPS CPMU is discussed in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB106  
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TUPAB115 Impact of Electron Beam Heating on Insertion Devices at Diamond Light Source electron, wiggler, insertion-device, insertion 1588
 
  • E.C.M. Rial, Z. Patel
    DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  
  Electron beam heating is a widely observed phenomenon at synchrotron facilities around the world, and has a large impact particularly on cryogenic insertion devices, but also on room temperature devices. This paper seeks to outline electron beam heating measurements taken at Diamond Light Source (DLS) and produces an empirical heat load relationship that matches the form of heating through the anomalous skin effect, although gives an order of magnitude higher than that predicted by theory. Resistive wall heating should vary inversely with the gap of installed cryogenic and permanent magnet insertion devices. This is also examined in this paper and the results presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB115  
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TUPAB127 A Cryogenically Cooled High Voltage DC Photogun gun, electron, vacuum, cathode 1618
 
  • H. Lee, I.V. Bazarov, L. Cultrera
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  A DC high voltage photogun with cryogenically cooling of the electrode has been newly built at Cornell University. This gun is designed to provide a DC high voltage and a photocathode in this gun can be cooled down to a cryogenic temperature. A photocathode puck design from INFN/DESY/LBNL is used, so we will be able to run a photocathode from other institutions as well. This paper describes the mechanical, thermal, and high voltage design of this gun. We also present data of high voltage conditioning and the thermal profile along the electrode structure.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB127  
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TUPAB128 Single Photoemitter Tips in a DC Gun: Limiting Aberration-induced Emittance emittance, electron, cathode, laser 1622
 
  • I.V. Bazarov, L. Cultrera, C.M. Gulliford, H. Lee
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • H.K. Fung
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • J.M. Maxson
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  
  Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) offers unique advantages over x-ray diffraction, like stronger scattering cross-section, versatility in sample types and ability to offer smaller apparatus foot print. There is a growing need to increase brightness of electron beams especially for single-shot UED applications. We explore the utilization of field enhancement from a micron-scale single tip inside a DC gun to obtain brighter sub-pC electron beams using a nominal cathode electric field of several MV/m. The additional field enhancement can place moderate voltage sources on par with the highest gradient devices and allow improved performance presently not possible in the existing photoemission guns.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB128  
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TUPIK067 Online Monitoring of the ADS Test Cryostat Cold Mass With WPM cryomodule, alignment, vacuum, monitoring 1848
 
  • H.Y. Zhu
    Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
  • L. Dong, L.L. Men, Z. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • B. Li
    CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
  
  Superconducting devices in particle accelerator demand strict operating environment: cryostat with ultra high vacuum and almost absolute zero temperature 2K-4K. This brings a big problem to survey and alignment work: how to preserve the magnets alignment precision in the cryostat, especially after such a big range temperature change. The complicate structure of magnet girder and cryogenic pipes make it difficult to do precise contraction simulation. So wire position monitor (WPM) is designed to measure the device contraction in cryomodule. Accelerator Driven System (ADS) Injector-I is a proton Linac, WPM system was assembled in its first cyomodule TCM. WPM is precisely calibrated, assembled at the same height as magnets. System noise, contraction stability and repeatability are analyzed in detail. Contraction coefficient of girder system is calculated by contraction data and temperature data, the result matches with the thermal coefficient of stainless steel very well. After commissioning, two thermal cycles were recorded, average contraction value was 1.35mm. The commissioning data shows about 0.2mm contraction difference with the same girder structure.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK067  
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TUPIK078 Machine Protection Risk Management of the ESS Target System target, proton, timing, operation 1876
 
  • R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, L.S. Emås, J. Harborn, A. Lundgren, U. Odén, J. Ringnér, K. Sjögreen
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source target system is, together with the proton linac, the main component in the spallation process. ESS will use a 4-ton, helium-cooled, rotating tungsten target for this purpose, and its protection and availability is paramount to the success of ESS. High demands are placed on all of the target equipment, including cooling, movement, rotation, and timing, in order to reach the facility-wide 95% availability goal for neutron production. Machine protection has defined a set of protection functions that are to be implemented for the target system. This paper describes the development of these protection functions through the use of classic HAZOPs combined with modern safety standard lifecycle management. The implementation of these functions is carried out through close collaboration between the target system owners and the machine protection group at ESS.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK078  
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TUPVA019 Impact and Mitigation of Electron Cloud Effects in the Operation of the Large Hadron Collider electron, operation, injection, impedance 2085
 
  • G. Iadarola, B. Bradu, P. Dijkstal, L. Mether, G. Rumolo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  In 2015 and in 2016 the Large Hadron Collider has been routinely operated with 25 ns bunch spacing. With this beam configuration electron clouds develop in a large fraction of the beam chambers, in spite of a very large electron dose accumulated on the surfaces. This posed several challenges to different aspects of the beam operation. In particular, the machine settings had to be optimized in order to mitigate coherent and incoherent effects of the electron cloud on the beam dynamics while a specifically designed feed-forward control had to be implemented and optimized in order to dynamically adapt the regulations of the cryogenic system to the strong heat load deposited by the electron cloud on the beam screens of the cryogenic magnets. At the same time, the data collected from the different accelerator subsystems (heat loads, vacuum pressures, evolution of the bunch by bunch beam parameters) allowed to significantly improve our models and understanding on these phenomena.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA019  
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TUPVA077 The Phase Slip Factor of the Electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR ion, storage-ring, quadrupole, simulation 2255
 
  • M. Grieser, R. Hahn, S. Vogel, A. Wolf
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
  
  For the determination of the momentum spread of an ion beam from the measurable revolution frequency distribution the knowledge of the phase slip factor of the storage ring is necessary. At various working points of the cryogenic storage ring CSR installed at the MPI for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg the slip factor was simulated and compared with measurements. The predicted functional relationship of the slip factor and the horizontal tune depends on the different islands of stability, which has been experimentally verified. This behavior of the slip factor is in clear contrast to magnetic storage rings. In the paper we compare the results of the simulations with the measurements  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA077  
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TUPVA129 Energy Efficiency and Saving Potential Analysis of the High Intensity Proton Accelerator HIPA at PSI cyclotron, proton, cavity, neutron 2399
 
  • A. Kovach, J. Grillenberger, A.S. Parfenova, M. Seidel
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  High power proton machines consume a large amount of energy. Thus, the energy efficiency of grid to beam power conversion is particularly important for the overall power consumption of such facilities. In this study, we analyse the energy efficiency of PSI's cyclotron-based HIPA facility, which presently delivers a maximum of 1.4 MW beam power. The total power consumption of the entire facility is 12.5 MW at 2.2 mA beam current (1.3 MW). Main power consumers are: RF systems, electromagnets, water cooling and auxiliary systems including infrastructure, each consuming 5.3 MW, 3.6 MW, 1.65 MW and 1.95 MW, respectively. HIPA's grid to beam efficiency is 18.3% when considering only those parts of any subsystems (RF components, magnets, cooling, and auxiliary systems), which are minimally required to produce a full 1.3 MW beam. The dependency of individual subsystems on beam power was also studied. These findings serve as a basis for further optimizations of the HIPA facility and give a reference of the efficiency estimate for the cyclotron-based high power machines.
* https://www.psi.ch/enefficient/ 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA129  
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WEOAA2 Status of Radioactive Ion Beam Post-Acceleration at CERN-ISOLDE linac, cryomodule, experiment, operation 2466
 
  • Y. Kadi, W. Andreazza, J. Bauche, A. Behrens, A.P. Bernardes, J.A. Ferreira Somoza, F. Formenti, M.A. Fraser, M.J. Garcia Borge, N. Guillotin, K. Johnston, G. Kautzmann, Y. Leclercq, M. Martino, A. Miyazaki, R. Mompo, A. Papageorgiou Koufidou, O. Pirotte, J.A. Rodriguez, S. Sadovich, E. Siesling, M. Therasse, D. Valuch, W. Venturini Delsolaro
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: We acknowledge funding from the Belgian Big Science program of the FWO (Research Foundation Flanders) and the Research Council K.U. Leuven.
The HIE-ISOLDE project* (High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE) reached an important milestone in September 2016 when the first physics run was carried out with radioactive beams at 6 MV/m. This is the first stage in the upgrade of the REX post-accelerator, whereby the energy of the radioactive ion beams was increased from 3 to 5.5 MeV per nucleon. The facility will ultimately be equipped with four high-beta cryomodule that will accelerate the beams up to 10 MeV per nucleon for the heaviest isotopes available at ISOLDE. The first 2 cryomodules of the new linac, hosting each five superconducting cavities and one solenoid, were commissioned in August 2016. Besides demonstrating the experimental capabilities of the facility, this successful first run validated the technical choices of the HIE ISOLDE team and provided a fitting reward for eight years of rigorous R&D efforts. At the start of 2018, HIE-ISOLDE is expected to complete the energy upgrade, reaching 10 MeV/u and becoming an attractive facility for a wide variety of experiments. This contribution will focus on the results of the commissioning and on the main technical issues that were highlighted.
* M.J.G. Borge and K. Riisager (2016), HIE-ISOLDE, the project and the physics opportunities, European Physical Journal A 52: 334, DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2016-16334-4 		 
slides icon Slides WEOAA2 [7.659 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEOAA2  
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WEPIK024 HTS-Coated Beam Screen for SPPC Bending Magnets synchrotron, radiation, proton, synchrotron-radiation 2974
 
  • P.P. Gan, Q. Fu, H.P. Li, Y.R. Lu, K. Zhu
    PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • Y.D. Liu, J.Y. Tang, Q.J. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  For studying new physics beyond the Standard Model, Supper proton-proton Collider (SPPC) with a circumfer-ence of 100 km and a centre mass energy of 100 TeV is proposed and under study in China. Due to the high particle energies and 16 T high magnet field, the synchrotron radiation power emitted from the proton beams reaches 48.5 W/m in the bending magnets, two orders of magnitude higher than that of LHC. A novel beam screen is anticipated to screen cold chamber walls from the massive synchrotron radiation power and transfer the heat load to cryogenic cooling fluid. For drastically reducing resistive wall impedance and saving refrigerator power, we have studied high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated beam screen operating in liquid nitrogen temperature area. Singly from the point of temperature, the feasibility of HTS-coated beam screen is demonstrated by steady-state thermal analysis. Two kinds of potential HTS material are also discussed in this paper.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEPIK024  
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WEPVA030 FAIR SIS100 - Features and Status of Realisation operation, ion, dipole, synchrotron 3320
 
  • P.J. Spiller, U. Blell, L.H.J. Bozyk, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, J. Henschel, P. Hülsmann, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Mühle, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, V.P. Plyusnin, I. Pongrac, N. Pyka, P. Rottländer, C. Roux, J. Stadlmann, B. Streicher, St. Wilfert
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  
  SIS100 is a unique heavy ion synchrotron designed for the generation of high intensity heavy ion and Proton beams. New features and solutions are implemented to enable operation with low charge state heavy ions and to minimize ionization beam loss driven by collisions with the residual gas. SIS100 aims for new frontier and world wide leading Uranium bam intensities. A huge effort is taken to stabilized the dynamics of the residual gas pressure and to suppress ion induced desorption. Fast ramped superconducting magnets have been developed and are in production with highest precision in engineering and field quality, matching the requirements from beams with high space charge. A powerful equipment with Rf stations for fast acceleration, pre- and final compression, for the generation of barrier buckets and provision of longitudinal feed-back shall allow a flexible handling of the ion bunches for the matching to various user requirements. Results obtained with FOS (first of series) devices, status of realisation and technical challenges resulting from the demanding goals, will be presented.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEPVA030  
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WEPVA088 Testing of SC-Magnets of NICA booster synchrotron booster, dipole, synchrotron, quadrupole 3461
 
  • S.A. Kostromin, V.V. Borisov, A.M. Donyagin, A.R. Galimov, O. Golubitsky, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, B.Yu. Kondratiev, S.A. Korovkin, A.V. Kudashkin, G.L. Kuznetsov, D. Nikiforov, A.V. Shemchuk, A.Y. Starikov, A. Tikhomirov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • T.E. Serochkina
    JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  
  Serial tests of sc-magnets of NICA Booster started at the dedicated facility of LHEP JINR. Magnets' assembly and testing workflow are presented. Main steps of the magnet preparation to the cryogenics tests are described. First results of serial tests are presented and discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEPVA088  
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WEPVA112 Characterisation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Superconducting Cables Used in High Field Magnets From Room Temperature Down to 77K dipole, collider, luminosity, superconducting-magnet 3532
 
  • O. Sacristan De Frutos, M. Daly, P. Ferracin, C. Fichera, M. Guinchard, T. Mikkola, F. Savary, G. Vallone
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  A comprehensive knowledge of the mechanical properties of the superconducting cable used in high-field magnets is of paramount importance to study and model the behaviour of the magnet coil from assembly to the operational conditions at cryogenic temperature. The mechanical characterisation of such kind of materials presents practical challenges associated with the heterogeneity of the materials, the geometry, size and quality of the samples that can be produced out of actual cables. These constraints impose the undertaking of such measurements from a nonstandard approach, and hence the development of tailor-made tooling. An extensive characterisation campaign for the determination of the mechanical properties of the superconducting cable at room and cryogenic temperature was launched at CERN in order to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of the superconducting cables used in the MQXF and 11T magnets. This paper describes the design of the tooling developed for this specific application as well as the experimental set-up used for the tests, and discusses the outcomes of the matrix of tests performed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEPVA112  
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WEPVA143 Cooling-down and Cooling of Superconducting Magnets at 4.5K with Very Little Liquid Helium using Coolers* cyclotron, superconducting-magnet, solenoid, factory 3606
 
  • M.A. Green, S. Chouhan
    FRIB, East Lansing, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation. The Michigan State University grant number is PHY0958726.
Because liquid helium is often in short supply, it is often difficult to get helium for cooling superconducting magnets that are too large to be cryogen free magnets. Grade A helium is often available in high-pressure bottles, but not in large quantities. This report describes how one can cool-down and maintain a constant temperature of ~4.5 K in a superconducting magnet that has less than 5 L of liquid in the cryostat once it has been filled with liquid helium. One can do this with either GM coolers in the drop-in mode with pulsed tube coolers. The number of coolers needed to cool the magnet depends to the heat load at 4.5 K and the desired cool-down time for the magnet system. This type of cooling system is suitable for magnets that are away from a conventional large helium refrigeration system. Examples are S/C insertion (wigglers and undulators), spectrometer magnets, and ECR ion source magnets. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEPVA143  
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THPIK124 Using Conductive Nanoparticles to Reduce the Surface Charging of Ceramics electron, experiment, vacuum, cavity 4392
 
  • M.L. Neubauer, A. Dudas
    Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
  • F. Marhauser
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Beam pipe ceramics used for various purposes suffer from the problem of surface charging in the presence of an electron beam. A novel technique has been proposed for a method for reducing the charging effects by filling nano sized pores in the ceramic with a conductive medium. Pores in ceramics can be formed in a chain with varying depths depending on sintering temperatures and methods for creating the pores. In the pre-formed condition of these novel ceramics, a nanoparticle slurry is infused by capillary action into the ceramic and fired at temperatures and atmospheres to stabilize the conductive medium inside the ceramic. The microwave characteristics of these ceramics will be investigated in a Phase I program with the design of a complete beam pipe lossy ceramic in a Phase II.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPIK124  
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THPIK125 Ultra High Gradient Breakdown Rates in X-Band Cryogenic Normal Conducting Rf Accelerating Cavities accelerating-gradient, cavity, experiment, electron 4395
 
  • A.D. Cahill, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • V.A. Dolgashev, S.G. Tantawi, S.P. Weathersby
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work Supported by DOE/SU Contract DE-AC02-76-SF00515, US NSF Award PHY-1549132, the Center for Bright Beams, and DOE SCGSR Fellowship.
RF breakdown is one of the major factors limiting the operating accelerating gradient in rf particle accelerators. We conjecture that the breakdown rate is linked to the movements of crystal defects induced by periodic mechanical stress. Pulsed surface heating possibly creates a major part of this stress. By decreasing crystal mobility and increasing yield strength we hope to reduce the breakdown rate for the same accelerating gradient. We can achieve these properties by cooling a copper accelerating cavity to cryogenic temperatures. We tested an 11.4 GHz cryogenic copper accelerating cavity at high power and observed that the rf and dark current signals are consistent with Q0 changing during rf pulses. To take this change in Q0 into account, we created a non-linear circuit model in which the Q0 is allowed to vary inside the pulse. We used this model to process the data obtained from the high power test of the cryogenic accelerating structure. We present the results of measurements with low rf breakdown rates for surface electric fields near 500 MV/m for a shaped rf pulse with 150 ns of flat gradient. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPIK125  
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