IPAC2017 - List of Keywords (ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOOCB2	Laser System Design and Operation for SNS H⁻ Beam Laser Stripping	laser, experiment, operation, neutron	57
	Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, T.V. Gorlov, A.A. Menshov, A. Webster ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA A. Rakhman ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This work has been partially supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-13ER41967. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE. Recently, a high-efficiency laser assisted hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam stripping was successfully carried out in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator. The experiment was not only an important step toward foil-less H⁻ stripping for charge exchange injection, it also served as a first example of using megawatt ultraviolet (UV) laser in an operational high power proton accelerator facility. This talk reports the design, implementation, and commissioning results of the macropulse laser system, laser transport line, and laser operation for the laser stripping experiment. The macropulse laser consists of a mode-locked picosecond pulsed seed laser and a burst-mode Nd:YAG laser amplifier. The general design concept can be adapted to any temporal beam structures in most accelerators. We have achieved UV pulses with the pulse widths varying between 34 to 54 ps and a maximum peak power over 3.5 MW. A laser transport line is installed to deliver the UV beam to the laser stripping chamber at a transmission efficiency of 70%. Laser operation including remote control and monitor of laser parameters will be described.
	Slides MOOCB2 [11.306 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOOCB2
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MOPAB007	Status of Crystal Collimation Studies at the LHC	collimation, proton, injection, beam-losses	84
	R. Rossi, O. Aberle, O.O. Andreassen, M.E.J. Butcher, C.A. Dionisio Barreto, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, W. Scandale, P. Serrano Galvez, G. Valentino CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Galluccio INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
	Crystal collimation is a technique that relies on highly pure bent crystals to coherently deflect beam particles - through the channeling mechanisms - onto dedicated absorbers. Standard multi-stage collimation systems for hadron beams use amorphous materials as primary collimators and might be limited by nuclear interactions and ion fragmentation that are strongly suppressed in crystals. A crystal collimation setup was installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to demonstrate with LHC beams the feasibility of this concept and to compare its performance with that of the present system. Channeling was observed for the first time with 6.5 TeV beam and and plans for further crystal collimation beam tests at the LHC are discussed. Results of these first beam tests are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPAB007
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MOPAB012	Study of the 2015 Top Energy LHC Collimation Quench Tests Through an Advanced Simulation Chain	simulation, proton, collimation, heavy-ion	100
	E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	While the LHC has shown record-breaking perfor-mance during the 2016 run, our understanding of the behaviour of the machine must also reach new levels. The collimation system and especially the betatron cleaning insertion region (IR7), where most of the beam halo is intercepted to protect superconducting (SC) magnets from quenching, has so far met the expectations but could nonetheless pose a bottleneck for future operation at higher beam intensities for HL-LHC. A better under-standing of the collimation leakage to SC magnets is required in order to quantify potential limitations in terms of cleaning efficiency, ultimately optimising the collider capabilities. Particle tracking simulations com-bined with shower simulations represent a powerful tool for quantifying the power deposition in magnets next to the cleaning insertion. In this study, we benchmark the simulation models against beam loss monitor measure-ments from magnet quench tests (QT) with 6.5 TeV pro-ton and 6.37Z TeV Pb ion beams. In addition, we investi-gate the effect of possible imperfections on the collima-tion leakage and the power deposition in magnets.
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MOPAB023	ESS Emittance Measurements at INFN CATANIA	emittance, ion-source, simulation, proton	123
	O. Tuske, P. Daniel-Thomas, J.F. Denis, Y. Gauthier, T.J. Joannem, N. Misiara, V. Nadot, G. Perreu, F. Senée, V. Silva CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France L. Celona, L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy B. Cheymol, T.J. Shea ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Chu, M. Monteremand CEA LITEN, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France Ø. Midttun University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway T.V. Vacher CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	Beam characteristics at low energy are an absolute necessity for an acceptable injection in the next stage of a linear accelerator, and are also necessary to reduce beam loss and radiation inside the machine. CEA is taking part of ESS linac construction, by designing Emittance Measurement Units (EMU) for the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). The EMU are designed to qualify the proton beam produced by the INFN Catania ion source. This measurement has been decided to be time resolved, allowing to follow the beam emittance reduction, during the pulse length. A 1Mhz acquisition board controlled by EPICS save raw datas to an archiver in order to be able to post process the measurements for time resolution. The design corresponds to an Allison's scanner, using entrance and exit slits, electrostatic plates and a faraday cup. The beamstopper protects the device and can be removable to fit to beam power. It has been manufactured by the CEA/LITEN with copper tungsten HIP technique. This article report the first measurements on the ESS injector at INFN CATANIA.
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MOPAB035	Status of Beam Diagnostics for SIS100	diagnostics, pick-up, instrumentation, beam-diagnostic	156
	M. Schwickert, O. Chorniy, T. Giacomini, P. Kowina, H. Reeg, T. Reichert, R. Singh GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerator facility presently under construction at GSI will supply a wide range of ion species and beam intensities for physics experiments. Design beam intensities range from 2.5·10¹³ protons/cycle to be delivered to the pBar-target and separator for production of antiprotons, to beams of e.g. 10⁹ ions/s in the case of slowly extracted beams. The main synchrotron of FAIR is the fast ramped super-conducting SIS100. In the present layout SIS100 will deliver up to 4·10¹¹ U-28+ ions/s with energies of 400-2700 MeV/u, either in single bunches of 30-90 ns, or as slowly extracted beam with extraction times of several seconds, for the radioactive ion beam program of FAIR. This contribution gives an overview of the present layout of beam diagnostic instruments for SIS100 and presents the status of the main development projects regarding e.g. the beam position monitor system, ionization profile monitor and the beam current transformers.
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MOPAB039	Development of a Control System Based on Experimental Data for Space Charge Lenses	electron, plasma, operation, space-charge	166
	S. Klaproth, C. Beberweil, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, B.E.J. Scheible, K. Schulte, K.I. Thoma, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Space charge lenses use a confined electron cloud for the focusing of ion beams. The electron density gives the focusing strength whereas the density distribution influences the mapping quality of the space charge lens and is related to the confinement. The major role of the electron density with respect to the focusing quality has been pointed out many times in the past ,. With an automated measurement system the radial light density profile, plasma stability and mean value of the electron density have been measured in respect to the confining fields and the pressure. The results are summarized in 3D-maps. The theoretical model approximations for space charge lenses predicts high electron densities then measured. With the automated system the realistic 3D-maps can be considered instead of an approximation of a theoretical density including knowledge of the most stable electron cloud achievable within the parameter range of the lens. The experimental results of the automated measurement system will be presented here and a concept of a control system for this type of space charge lenses will be explained. O. Meusel, 'Focussing and transport of ion beams using space charge lenses', PhD thesis, 2006
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MOPAB076	2D Beam Profile Monitors at CPHS of Tsinghua University	proton, target, radiation, electronics	298
	W. Wang, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, Y. Lei, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China L. Du CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
	Beam profile is a key parameter for high current proton linac. Compact Pulsed Hadron Source(CPHS) has two type of detectors to monitor beam 2D beam profile: scintillator screen and rotatable multi-wire scanner. A retractable chromium-doped alumina (Chromox) screen is used as scintillator, emitted lights when impacted by proton are captured by a 12 bit CCD camera. Nineteen carbon fibre wires with a diameter of 30 'm, 3 mm separated from each other, are used to measure beam 1D distribution. Projection can be measured at different direction by rotating the multi-wire scanner about beam direction. 2D beam distribution is reconstructed from multiple projections with the help of CT. Different CT algorithms, Algebra Reconstruct Technique (ART) and Maximum Entropy algorithm (MENT), are applied to achieve accurate or quick reconstruction. The preliminary experimental results show the two profile monitors working consistently with each other.
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MOPAB100	The Development of Button Type BPM Electronics for RAON	electronics, pick-up, operation, FPGA	362
	S.W. Jang, E.-S. Kim, Y. Lee Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea Y.S. Chung, G.D. Kim, H.J. Woo IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea J.W. Kwon Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	RAON is a heavy ion accelerator for the Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea. The main goals of RAON is to accelerate various stable ions from ECR ion source and rare isotopes ions from ISOL beam line. For the stable beam operation, the beam diagnostics equipment is very important. Recently, we developed a digital board electronics for the button type beam position monitor (BPM) to measure the position of ion beams. In this presentation, design of electronics, beam signal simulation results, and RF measurement test results with a developed button BPM will be described.
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MOPAB139	A Supersonic Gas-Jet Based Beam Induced Fluorescence Prototype Monitor for Transverse Profile Determination	electron, photon, experiment, gun	458
	H.D. Zhang, E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Barrios Diaz, N. Chritin, O.R. Jones, G. Schneider, R. Veness CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Forck, S. Udrea GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Forck IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom S. Udrea TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Supersonic gas jets have been used in transverse beam profile monitoring as Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) and Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) monitors. The former method images ions generated by the projectile beam, whilst the latter is based on the detection of photons. This is a promising technology for use in high energy accelerators, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HLLHC). In this paper, the suitability of a supersonic gas jet in combination with a BIF detection system for the measurement of the transverse beam profile of a low energy electron beam is discussed. The technical layout and experimental results from measurements at a test installation at the Cockcroft Institute are also presented.
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MOPAB141	Instrumentation and Its Interaction With the Secondary Beam for the Fermilab Muon Campus	experiment, simulation, vacuum, emittance	466
	D. Stratakis, B.E. Drendel, M.J. Syphers Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.J. Syphers Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Fermilab Muon Campus will host the Muon g-2 experiment - a world class experiment dedicated to the search for signals of new physics. Strict demands are placed on the beam diagnostics in order to ensure delivery of high quality beams to the storage ring with minimal losses. In this study, we briefly describe the available secondary beam diagnostics for the Fermilab Muon Campus. Then, with the aid of numerical simulations we detail their interaction with the secondary beam. Finally, we compare our results against theoretical findings.
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MOPAB144	Residual-Gas Beam Profile Monitors for Intense Beams in Transfer Lines	electron, proton, synchrotron, detector	469
	R.J. Abrams, M.A. Cummings, V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA M. Popovic Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Muons, Inc. proposes to develop a Residual-Gas Beam Profile Monitor for Transfer Lines with pulse-to-pulse precision of better than 0.1 mm in position and size that will operate over a wide range of proton beam intensities including those needed for multi-MW beams of future facilities. Traditional solid-based beam intercepting instrumentation produces unallowable levels of radiation at high powers. Our alternative approach is to use a low mass residual-gas profile monitor, where ionization electrons are collected along extended magnetic field lines and the gas composition and pressure in the beam pipe are locally controlled to minimize unwanted radiation and to improve resolution. Beam Induced Fluorescence profile monitor with mirascope light collection is proposed.
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MOPAB153	R&D of a Gas-Filled RF Beam Profile Monitor for Intense Neutrino Beam Experiments	cavity, plasma, electron, experiment	491
	K. Yonehara, M. Backfish, A. Moretti, A.V. Tollestrup, A.C. Watts, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.J. Abrams, M.A. Cummings, A. Dudas, R.P. Johnson, G.M. Kazakevich, M.L. Neubauer Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA Q. Liu Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DOE STTR Grant, No. DE-SC0013764. A MW-power beam facility is desired to produce an intense neutrino beam for study of fundamental particle physics. It is a critical challenge to measure beam profile in extreme radiation environments. To this end, a novel beam profile monitor based on a gas-filled multi-RF cavity is proposed. Charged particles through the gas-filled RF generate plasma that changes the gas permittivity. The modulated RF signal in the cavity due to the permittivity shift will be measured to reconstruct the flux of charged particles in the cavity. The demonstration is proposed to validate the concept of the monitor. We report the progress of the demonstration test.
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MOPIK022	Experimental Investigation of Field-Emission From Silicon Nano-Cone Cathodes	cathode, electron, emittance, vacuum	548
	A. Lueangaramwong, C. Buzzard, V. Korampally, O. Mohsen, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA S. Chattopadhyay Northern Illinois Univerity, DeKalb, Illinois, USA R. Divan Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the NSF grant PHY-1535401 with Northern Illinois University Field emission cathode are capable of forming electron beam with extreme brightness via strong-field excitation from applied electrostatic, or electromagnetic (radiofrequency and laser) fields. Our group, in collaboration with the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Material, has recently developed nanocone cathode. The present paper reports on the experimental characterization of these cathodes both configured as a single-cone emitter or as large arrays of tightly-packed emitter. The tests carried in a diode setup are capable of measuring IV characteristic curves and beam distributions.
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MOPIK023	Cornell Laboratory for High Intensity, Ultra-Bright and Polarized Electron Beams	electron, gun, simulation, cathode	551
	L. Cultrera, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, C.M. Gulliford, P. Gupta, H. Lee, S.A. McBride, T.P. Moore Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: This work has been funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-1416318) and Department of Energy (Grants No. DE-SC0014338, No. DE-SC0011643 and No. DE-SC0016203). We report on the current activities pursued at Cornell University for the production of electron beams tailored to a wide range of applications. We have developed the expertise to grow many different type of high quantum efficiency photocathode belonging to the alkali antimonide family. Those materials are ideal candidates to produce high intensity beam with average currents in the mA range. When operated near threshold at cryogenic temperature in transmission mode they can also generate the electron beams needed to perform ultrafast electron diffraction of bio molecules. We have recently expanded our facility with a Mott polarimeter to include the capability to measure polarization of the electron beam. The photocathode lab is being complemented by a dedicated photo-gun laboratory to test the photocathode properties in a real environment and to perform measurement of the beam properties under new and yet unexplored operating conditions.
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MOPIK032	Commissioning of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS	ion-source, plasma, injection, operation	570
	L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Maugeri, L. Neri, F. Noto, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy
	At INFN-LNS the commissioning of the AISHa superconducting ECRIS started in November 2016. Highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility are the most important features for the ongoing commissioning. In this work, we will show the preliminary results of a parametric study on the extracted current/beam in order to minimize the emittance and increase the brightness taking advantage by its hybrid magnetic system and by a fine frequency tuning system.
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MOPIK039	Transport Channel of Secondary Ion Beam of Experimental Setup for Selective Laser Ionization With Gas Cell Gals	quadrupole, target, simulation, neutron	589
	N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bashevoy, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, V.I. Kazacha, N.F. Osipov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia S.G. Zemlyanoy JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia
	GALS is the experimental setup intended for production and research of isobaric- and isotopically pure heavy neutron-rich nuclei. The beam line consists of two parts. The initial part is used for transport of the primary 136Xe ion beam with energy of 4.5-9.0 MeV/amu from the FLNR cyclotron U400M to the Pb target for the production of the studying ion beams. These beams have the following design parameters: the charge Z = +1, the mass A = 180-270 and the kinetic energy W = 40 keV. The second part placed after the target consists of SPIG (QPIG) system, the accelerating gap, the electrostatic Einzel lens, 90-degree spectrometric magnet (calculated value of the mass-resolution is equal to 1400) and the channel for the transportation of the ions from the focal plane of the magnet to a particle detector. The results of the simulation of particle dynamics and the basic parameters of the elements of the beam lines are presented in this report.
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MOPIK052	Generation of Highly-Charged Carbon Ions from Thin Foil Target	target, laser, plasma, heavy-ion	635
	T. Kanesue, S. Ikeda, M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA Y. Saito Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Generation of highly-charged heavy ions such as fully stripped C⁶⁺ of more than hundreds mA of beam current can be possible only with a laser ablation ion source (LIS). Heavy ions are produced from a solid target irradiated by a pulsed high power laser. Recent study showed that only sub-micron range of surface layer contributes for the generation of highly-charged heavy ions. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the difference of the performance of highly-charged carbon ion production from graphite targets of different thickness (25, 70, 254, and 3000 'm) to seek the possibility of a rolled target to overcome the limitation of a target lifetime.
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MOPIK053	Design Study of High Repetition Rate Laser Ion Source for High Power Beam Production	target, laser, plasma, heavy-ion	638
	T. Kanesue, S. Ikeda, M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA Y. Saito Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are studying a laser ion source (LIS) for a high average beam power heavy ion beam production. A LIS is the most intense source of pulsed highly-charged ions using a laser ablation scheme. By increasing the repetition rate, a LIS based heavy ion beam would approach the average beam power based on a low beam current and continuous beam regime. In addition, a high-repetition-rate LIS can be used as a heavy ion source for a medical accelerator with spot scanning technique. This paper will describe the requirements to realize the high repetition rate operation.
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MOPIK056	On the Ariel Pre-Separator	dipole, target, emittance, optics	648
	S. Saminathan, R.A. Baartman TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: Funded under a contribution agreement with NRC (National Research Council Canada) and Capital funding from CFI (Canada Foundation for Innovation). Two new independent target ion sources with dedicated pre-separators will be built in the ARIEL facility to triple the radioactive ion beam production at TRIUMF. A compact Nier-Johnson type of pre-separator has been designed to achieve a mass resolving power of 300 in order to minimize the undesired radioactive species contaminating the downstream beamlines. It consists of a 112 degree magnetic and a 90 degree toroidal electrostatic dipole with deflection in opposite direction. It also contains electrostatic quadrupole elements in between the dipoles. The electrostatic dipole compensates the energy dispersion of the magnetic dipole. This allows an achromatic mode of operation resulting in a high mass resolving power downstream to the electrostatic deflector even for beams with a high energy spread. We present the result of beam optics calculations for the ARIEL pre-separator.
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MOPIK067	Figure-8 Storage Ring - Ion Beam Injection into a Closed, Magnetic System	injection, detector, experiment, storage-ring	680
	H. Niebuhr, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	To store high current low-energetic ion beams of up to 10 A, a superconducting storage ring (F8SR) based on solenoidal and toroidal magnetic guiding fields is investigated at Frankfurt University. Besides simulations, a scaled down experimental setup with normalconducting magnets was built. Investigations of beam injection into closed, magnetic guiding fields are in progress. Therefore, a new kind of injection system consisting of a solenoidal injection coil and a special vacuum vessel was constructed. It is used to inject a hydrogen beam from the side between two toroidal magnets. In parallel operation, a second hydrogen beam is transported through both magnets to represent the circulating beam. The current status of the experimental setup and first experimental results will be shown.
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MOPIK127	FAIR Risk Management as a Proactive Steering Tool for the Large Scale Multi Project	factory, experiment, project-management, antiproton	839
	S. Deveaux, F. Becker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a large scale multi project comprising 10 subprojects in the field of accelerators (pLINAC, SIS100, SuperFRS, p-bar separator, Collector Ring, High Energy Storage Ring), experiments (CBM, APPA, NUSTAR, PANDA) and civil construction. This contribution describes the implementation of a progressive risk management methodology based on a comprehensive assessment on work package level. Complexity factors (number of parts, level of state of the art, level of human interfaces, level of operational complexity) and importance factors (safety, cost, schedule, resources) represent the likelihood of risk occurrence and the eventual value at risk. Relative comparison of the normalized factors together with a supplier assessment enables to derive an event based risk register with a standardized evaluation scheme assigning risk and opportunity classes. This contribution demonstrates the full methodology highlighting some typical examples of the FAIR project.
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MOPVA017	Electrostatic Pickup in the CNAO Injection Line	linac, pick-up, detector, proton	884
	A. Parravicini, G.M.A. Calvi, E. Rojatti, C. Viviani CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
	The paper concerns the electrostatic pickup (PUB) installed in the injection line of the CNAO, the Italian facility for Oncological Hadrontherapy. The PUB has been designed with the purpose of having a continuous and non-interceptive measurement of the beam transverse position short upstream the injection in the synchrotron. Detector commissioning has not been immediate since a number of primary ions and secondary electrons fall on the PUB electrodes in many configurations, resulting in a significantly distorted signal. After the identification, and consequent rejection, of a few circumstances where the PUB cannot work properly, the commissioning proceeded on a twofold way, designing a mechanical shield to stop ions before hitting the electrodes and developing an advanced data-analysis algorithm to go beyond the signal distortion. The use of the new algorithm was sufficient to make the PUB successfully working and, after a proper calibration with upstream and downstream profile monitors, the PUB started to provide the expected results. The PUB is working as a watch-dog since January 2016. Details on the data-analysis algorithm and first year measurements are discussed in the paper.
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MOPVA054	High Power RF Coupler for the CW-Linac Demonstrator at GSI	cavity, Windows, linac, simulation	990
	M. Heilmann, W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Amberg, M. Basten, R. Blank, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu HIM, Mainz, Germany W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	The planned super-heavy element (SHE) research project investigates heavy ions near the coulomb barrier in future experiments. A superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) CH-Linac Demonstrator was developed and installed behind the High Charge State Injector (HLI) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. In future the advanced cw-LINAC setup, with several CH-cavities, will accelerates the heavy ion beam from HLI with an energy of 1.4 MeV/u up to 3.5 - 7.3 MeV/u. The RF power of several kW will be coupled capacitively into the CH-cavities with minimal reflection at an operation frequency of 217 MHz. Two ceramic windows (Al2O3) are installed inside the RF coupler, to reduce the premature contamination of the cavity and as an additional vacuum barrier. The CH-cavity will be operated at cryogenic temperature (4 K) and will be increased to room temperature along the RF coupler. The optimally adapted RF coupler design, providing minimal RF losses and simultaneously maximal performance, was optimized by electromagnetic simulations. An RF coupler design with a reflection-free RF adaptor as well as the temperature distribution along the coupler will be presented.
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MOPVA114	Materials Characterization for SRF Cavities: Gaining Insight Into Nb3Sn	SRF, interface, cavity, electron	1111
	J. Tuggle Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA G.V. Eremeev, A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.J. Kelley, U. Pudasaini The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
	Funding: JLab work supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Work at William & Mary and Virginia Tech supported by the Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC-0014475 Although SRF accelerators are an invaluable research tool they can be painfully expensive to construct and operate at the current level of SRF technology. This cost is significantly due to the necessity to operate at a temperature of only 2K. Considerable research is currently underway into next generation SRF cavity technologies such as Ndoping and Nb3Sn coating. Both of these technologies will lower the cryogenic load of accelerators, correspondingly lowering both construction and operating costs. However, current understanding of either technology is incomplete and in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms there is a need to push current characterization methods forward. In this work, ion beam techniques (e.g. focused ion beam (FIB)), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were applied to help understand Nb3Sn coating mechanisms. This presentation will focus on characterization, providing examples of EBSD work, along with discussion of some of the issues encountered while trying to produce high quality EBSD data.
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MOPVA146	Optimization of Carbon Treatments at CNAO	dipole, extraction, feedback, acceleration	1197
	L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
	CNAO facility is treating patients with carbon ion beams since 2012. Often carbon ions are used to treat tumors with great volumes that causes long time irradiations: this represents a complaint for the patient, a limit in the number of treatable patients per day and an increase in the cost of the treatment itself. An effort has been done in the last year to increase the particle intensity in order to reduce the irradiation time for the carbon treatments: this article illustrates the changes in the machine done to achieve this goal.
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MOPVA147	High Energy Transport Line Orbit Correction at CNAO	dipole, kicker, proton, synchrotron	1200
	L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
	CNAO is the only Italian facility for the cancer treatment with protons and carbon ions. Each treatment needs hundreds of energies in the range of the tumor and needs a great precision in terms of beam position and divergence at the target. Goal of the article is to show the layout of the CNAO high energy lines and the strategy that has been used to optimize the transport and set the beam trajectory.
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TUXB1	Non-destructive Beam Profile Monitors	electron, photon, vacuum, focusing	1234
	C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	This paper will present an overview and comparison between beam induced fluorescence, residual gas ionization and gas jet based beam profile monitors, based on recent experimental and theoretical results at different labs. The achievable image/profile quality and resolution limits will be discussed, along with design consideration for different particle species and primary beam energies. Details may be provided about different classic and novel approaches to gas jet shaping, including nozzle-skimmer and Freznel Zone Plate configurations. Finally, particular challenges such as those arising from monitoring multiple beams in parallel (e.g. proton and electron beam in HLLHC) and solutions for targeting the energy limit within the HLLHC project will be presented.
	Slides TUXB1 [12.557 MB]
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TUPAB032	Development of a Cryogenic GaAs DC Photo-Gun for High-Current Applications	electron, cathode, cryogenics, vacuum	1391
	S. Weih, T. Eggert, J. Enders, M. Espig, Y. Fritzsche, N. Kurichiyanil, M. Wagner TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by DFG (GRK 2128) and BMBF (05H15RDRB1) For high-current applications of GaAs photocathodes it is necessary to maximize the charge lifetime of the cathode material to ensure reliable operation. By means of cryogenic cooling of the electrode, the local vacuum conditions around the source can be improved due to cryogenic adsorption of reactive rest-gas molecules at the surrounding walls. Furthermore, the cooling also allows a higher laser power deposited in the material, resulting in higher currents that can be extracted from the cathode. Ion-backbombardment is expected to be reduced using electrostatic bending of the electrons behind the cathode. To measure the characteristics of such an electron source, a dedicated set-up is being developed at the Photo-CATCH test facility in Darmstadt.
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TUPAB145	Alignment of Electron and Ion Beam Trajectories in Non-Magnetized Electron Cooler	solenoid, electron, alignment, ISOL	1672
	S. Seletskiy, M. Blaskiewicz, A.V. Fedotov, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.J. Michnoff, I. Pinayev BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The cooling section (CS) of the low energy RHIC electron cooler (LEReC) consists of two 20 m long parts each containing six solenoids with trajectory correctors placed inside the solenoids and the BPMs located downstream of each solenoid. The solenoids are used to minimize the scalloping of the electron beam envelope. To obtain the cooling it is required to keep the overall RMS electron angles in the cooling section below 100 urad. Possible mechanical misalignment, such as shift and inclination of the CS solenoids can cause an unacceptable misalignment of the e-beam trajectory with respect to the ideal trajectory set by ions. Therefore, it is critical to perform a beam based alignment of the CS solenoids. In this paper we suggest a procedure for such an alignment.
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TUPAB148	Investigation of a Splitring-RFQ for High Current Ion Beams at Low Frequencies	rfq, resonance, impedance, simulation	1680
	M. Baschke, H. Podlech, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	For hadron linacs RFQs are the first stage of acceleration. To reach high intensities a new Splitring-RFQ is investigated. Not only a high current and high beam quality/brilliance should be achieved, also a good tuning flexibility and comfort for maintenance are part of the study. It will consist of two stages with 27 MHz and 54 MHz to accelerate ions with an A/q of 60 up to energies of 200 keV/u. Therefor RF simulations with CST MWS were done to study the quality factor and the shunt impedance as well as tuning possibilities. First results and the status of the project will be presented.
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TUPIK002	H-, D-, C2-: A Comparison of RF andFilament Powered Volume-Cusp Ion Sources	ion-source, electron, plasma, extraction	1685
	S.V. Melanson, M.P. Dehnel, D.E. Potkins D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada H.C. McDonald, C. Philpott BSL, Auckland, New Zealand
	Today's industrial ion source applications often require high beam currents with long source lifetime and low maintenance. Filament powered ion sources produce high beam currents but are limited by the short lifetime (~5000 mA*h) of the filament, while RF ion sources with external antennas do not require such maintenance. By changing the filament back plate of our TRIUMF licensed ion source to the ceramic window, planar coil antenna and 13.56 MHz RF amplifier of our University of Jyväskylä licensed ion source, we are able to directly compare the effect of the two technologies for powering sources on negative ion production in volume-cusp ion sources for the case of H-, D- and C2- using our ion source test facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK002
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TUPIK020	Application of Optical Emission Spectroscopy to High Current Proton Sources	plasma, proton, electron, diagnostics	1721
	G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, E. Naselli, L. Neri, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy F. Leone INAF-OACT, Catania, Italy M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy E. Naselli Catania University, Catania, Italy B. Zaniol Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy
	Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) represents a very reliable technique to carry out non-invasive measurements of plasma density and plasma temperature in the range of tens of eV. Instead of other diagnostics, it also allows to characterize the different populations of neutrals and ionized particles constituting the plasma. At INFN-LNS, OES techniques have been developed and applied to characterize the plasma generated by the Flexible Plasma Trap, an ion source used as testbench of the proton source built for European Spallation Source. This work presents the characterization of the parameters of a hydrogen plasma in different conditions of neutral pressure, microwave power and magnetic field profile along with the perspectives for further upgrades of the OES diagnostics system.
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TUPIK021	Microwave Injection and Coupling Optimization in ECR and MDIS Ion Sources	plasma, ion-source, coupling, ECRIS	1724
	G. Torrisi, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, D. Mascali, E. Naselli, L. Neri, G. Sorbello INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy E. Naselli Catania University, Catania, Italy G. Sorbello University of Catania, Catania, Italy
	The fundamental aspect of coupling between microwave and plasma of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) and Microwave Discharge Ion Source (MDIS) is hereinafter treated together with ad hoc microwave-based plasma diagnostics, as a key element for the next progress and variations with respect to the classical ECR heating mechanism. The future challenges for the production of higher-charge states, higher beam intensity, and high absolute ionization efficiency also demand for the exploration of new heating schemes and synergy between experiments and modeling. An overview concerning microwave transport and coupling issues in plasma-based ion sources for particle accelerator will be given in the paper, along with perspectives for the design of next generation sources.
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TUPIK030	Characterization of the AMIT Internal Ion Source With a Devoted DC Extraction Test Bench	ion-source, cathode, electron, cyclotron	1740
	D. Obradors-Campos, M.B. Ahedo, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, P. Calvo, M.A. Domínguez, E.F. Estévez, J.M. Figarola, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, P. Gómez, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, D. López, L.M. Martínez, J. Munilla, C. Oliver, J.M. Pérez Morales, I. Podadera, E. RodrÃguez GarcÃa, F. Toral, R. Varela, C. Vázquez CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain R. Iturbe, B. López ANTEC Magnets SLU, Vizcaya, Spain
	Funding: Work partially funded under the Resolution of the Spanish Ministery of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness dated May 24 th, 2016 and project FIS2013-40860-R With the main aim of a compact machine for 18F and 11C radioisotope production, AMIT cyclotron relies on a superconducting 4T magnet with an internal cold cathode PIG ion source for H⁻ production. Given the limited access to the ion source in the cyclotron as well the reduced number of beam diagnostics, an experimental facility was proposed for the commissioning of such ion source. The versatility of this test bench, which includes a movable puller, gives us the opportunity to validate and characterize the ion source behavior as well as to optimize the H⁻ production. In a first stage, the discharge characteristics of the ion source has been studied in the CIEMAT IST facilities.
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TUPIK047	FAIR Control Centre (FCC) - Concepts and Interim Options for the Existing GSI Main Control Room	controls, operation, experiment, proton	1791
	M. Vossberg, K. Berkl, S. Reimann, P. Schütt, R.J. Steinhagen, G. Stephan GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) which is presently under construction, extends and supersedes the existing GSI. Present operation still largely relies on laborious manual tuning based on analogue signals routed directly to the existing control room. The substantial scope increase from 3 to more than 8 FAIR accelerators requires more intricate and precise control across longer accelerator chains, while providing a high degree of multi-user operation, with facility reconfiguration required on time-scales of a few times per week. A new FAIR Control Centre (FCC) is being planned to accommodate the required larger accelerator crews as well as accelerator-based experiments. While targeting a single control room for up to ~35 people, emphasis is put on ergonomics, operational processes, and minimising unnecessary strain on personnel already during the design stage. This contribution presents digital control room concepts, console layout, and beam-production-chain paradigms aimed at achieving good operational performances and that influence the new FCC design. Prior to FCC completion, interim upgrade options of the existing control room are being investigated.
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TUPIK122	Bunch-by-Bunch Feedback Kickers for SPEAR3	kicker, impedance, feedback, vacuum	2012
	K. Tian, W.J. Corbett, J.D. Fox, S.M. Gierman, R.O. Hettel, X. Huang, A.K. Krasnykh, N. Kurita, D.J. Martin, J.A. Safranek, J.J. Sebek SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Q. Lin DongHua University, Songjiang, People's Republic of China D. Teytelman Dimtel, San Jose, USA
	SPEAR3 operates with a large cross-section copper vacuum chamber, mode-damped RF cavities and low-impedance insertion devices. As a result, the beam is passively stable for 280-bunch circulating beam current up to 500ma when the background gas pressure is low. In the future, more small-gap insertion devices will be installed and plans are underway to implement resonant bunch-crabbing for the ultrafast x-ray research program. These requirements drive the need for a fast, bunch-by-bunch feedback system to control beam instabilities, remove unwanted satellite bunches and resonantly crab select bunches on demand. In this paper we present a conceptual design for the transverse bunch-by-bunch stripline kickers.
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TUPVA013	Lifetime of Asymmetric Colliding Beams in the LHC	simulation, luminosity, proton, coupling	2067
	J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.A. Jebramcik, T. Mertens, M. Schaumann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the 2013 proton-nucleus (p-Pb) run of the LHC, the lifetime of the lead beam was significantly shorter than could be accounted for by luminosity burn-off. These effects were observed at a lower level in 2016 and studied in more detail. The beams were not only asymmetric but the differences in the bunch filling schemes between protons and Pb nuclei led to a wide variety of beam-beam interaction sequences in the bunch trains. The colliding bunches were also of different sizes. We present an analysis of the data and an interpretation in terms of theoretical models.
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TUPVA014	The 2016 Proton-Nucleus Run of the LHC	luminosity, proton, experiment, operation	2071
	J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernández, G. Baud, P. Baudrenghien, R. De Maria, R. De Maria, D. Jacquet, M.A. Jebramcik, A. Mereghetti, T. Mertens, M. Schaumann, H. Timko, M. Wendt, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	For five of the LHC experiments the second p-Pb collision run planned in 2016 offered the opportunity to answer a range of important physics questions arising from the surprise discoveries (e.g., flow-like collective phenomena in small systems) made in earlier Pb-Pb, p-Pb and p-p runs. However the diversity of the physics and their respective capabilities led them to request very different operating conditions, in terms of collision energy, luminosity and pile-up. These appeared mutually incompatible within the available one month of operation. Nevertheless, a plan to satisfy most requirements was developed and implemented successfully. It exploited different beam lifetimes at two beam energies of 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV, a variety of luminosity sharing and bunch filling schemes, and varying beam directions. The outcome of this very complex strategy for repeated re-commissioning and operation of the LHC included the longest ever LHC fill with luminosity levelled for almost 38 h. The peak luminosity achieved exceeded the design value by a factor 7.8 and integrated luminosity substantially exceeded the experiments' requests.
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TUPVA020	The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN: Ion Injector Chain	injection, extraction, luminosity, kicker	2089
	H. Bartosik, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, V. Toivanen, F.J.C. Wenander CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC injector chain for Pb-ion beams at CERN consists of Linac3, the accumulator ring LEIR, the PS and the SPS. In the context of the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) project an intense program of machine development studies has been performed in the last two years to maximise the intensity of Pb-ion beams at LHC injection. In this paper we present an analysis of the operational performance achieved so far, with the goal of 1) identifying the remaining performance bottlenecks along the chain and possible areas for improvement, and 2) to optimize the Pb-ion beam production scheme for the High Luminosity (HL-) LHC era. A consistent set of beam parameters for the HL-LHC era has been established taking into account the already achieved improvements as well as foreseen upgrades still to be implemented, such as slip stacking in the SPS.
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TUPVA055	Further Investigations for a Superconducting cw-LINAC at GSI	linac, cavity, heavy-ion, solenoid	2197
	W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu HIM, Mainz, Germany M. Basten, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany S. Yaramyshev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	For superconducting (sc) accelerator sections operating at low and medium beam energies very compact accelerating-focusing structures are strongly required, as well as short focusing periods, high accelerating gradients and very short drift spaces. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is going to use heavy ion beams with extremely high peak current from UNiversal Linear ACcelerator (UNILAC) and the synchrotron SIS18 as an injector for the SIS100. To keep the GSI-Super Heavy Element program competitive on a high level and even beyond, a standalone sc continuous wave LINAC in combination with the upgraded GSI High Charge State injector is envisaged. In preparation for this, testing of the first LINAC section (financed by HIM and GSI) as a demonstration of the capability of 216 MHz multi gap Crossbar H-structures (CH) is still ongoing, while an accelerating gradient of 9.6 MV/m (4K) at a sufficient quality factor has been already reached in a horizontal cryostat. As a final R&D step towards an entire LINAC three advanced cryo modules, each comprising two short CH cavities, should be built until 2019, serving for first user experiments at the coulomb barrier.
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TUPVA056	Ionization Loss and Dynamic Vacuum in Heavy Ion Synchrotrons	injection, vacuum, synchrotron, heavy-ion	2201
	L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Dynamic vacuum effects, induced by charge exchange processes and ion impact driven gas desorption, generate an intensity limitation for high intensity heavy ion synchrotrons. In order to reach ultimate heavy ion intensities, medium charge state heavy ions are used. The cross sections for charge exchange in collisions with residual gas molecules for such beams are much higher, than for highly charged heavy ion beams. Therefore high pumping power is required to obtain a very low static residual gas pressure and to suppress vacuum dynamics during operation. In modern heavy ion synchrotrons different techniques are employed: NEG-coating, cryogenic pumping, and low-desorption ion-catcher. The unique StrahlSim code allows the comparison of different design options for heavy ion synchrotrons. Different aspects of dynamic vacuum limitations are summarized, such as the dependence on different injection parameter. A comparison between a room temperature and a cryogenic synchrotron from the vacuum point of view is given.
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TUPVA057	Design Study for a Prototype Alvarez-Cavity for the Upgraded Unilac	cavity, DTL, operation, quadrupole	2205
	M. Heilmann, X. Du, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, S. Mickat, A. Rubin GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Seibel IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The design study describes the prototype Alvarez-tank of the new post-stripper of the UNILAC. A prototype with 17 drift tubes (including quadrupole singulets) of 3 m of total length and 2 m of diameter will be manufactured. This cavity features new drift tube shape profiles to provide for high shunt impedance at a maximum electric surface field of 1 Ek. Additionally, it allows realization and high power testing of an optimized stem configuration for field stabilization. In case of successful tuning and long-term operation at high power level, it shall be used as a first of series cavity of the new UNILAC post-stripper DTL.
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TUPVA059	Overcoming the Space Charge Limit: Development of an Electron Lens for SIS18	electron, gun, space-charge, injection	2211
	D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Apse-Apsitis Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia K. Schulte IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction will deliver intense ion beams to its experimental users. The requested intensities require filling the existing synchrotron SIS18, which serves as injector to FAIR, up to the space charge (SC) limit. Operation under these conditions is challenging due to the large tune footprint of the beam, demanding delicate control of adverse effects caused by machine imperfections to avoid emittance growth and beam loss. To facilitate the high intensity operation, the installation of an electron lens for SC compensation into SIS18 is foreseen. This requires an electron beam of a current of several amperes with longitudinal and transverse distributions matched to those of the ion beam during the cycle. The electron beam needs to be RF modulated at a bandwidth of a few MHz with time varying amplitude ranging from DC to fully modulated, while the transverse size needs to be continuously adapted to the adiabatically shrinking ion beam. This contribution reports on the requirements on an electron lens for SC compensation in SIS18.
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TUPVA061	Beam Dynamics Study for the HIM&GSI Heavy Ion SC CW-LINAC	cavity, linac, acceleration, simulation	2217
	S. Yaramyshev, W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu HIM, Mainz, Germany W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia M. Basten, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A sc cw-linac with variable output energy from 3.7 to 7.5 MeV/u for ions with mass to charge ratio of A/Z<6 is recently under development at HIM and GSI. Following the results of the latest RF-tests with the newly constructed sc CH-DTL cavity, even heavier ions up to Uranium 28+ could be potentially accelerated with the already reached higher RF-voltage. Also the possibility for an up to 10 MeV/u increased output energy, using the same 13 independent cavities, is under consideration. All these options require an advanced beam dynamics layout, as well as a versatile procedure for transverse and longitudinal beam matching along the entire linac. The proposed algorithms are discussed and the obtained simulation results are presented.
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TUPVA067	The KONUS IH-DTL Proposal for the GSI UNILAC Poststripper Linac Replacement	linac, emittance, quadrupole, DTL	2230
	H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: BMBF 05P15RFRBA The GSI UNILAC will serve as the main injector for the upcoming FAIR project. Since the existing Alvarez DTL is in operation for more than 40 years, it has to be replaced to ensure reliable operation in the future. To this purpose a compact and efficient linac design based on IH-type cavities and KONUS beam dynamics has been designed at IAP Frankfurt. It consists of five 10⁸ MHz IH-type cavities that can be operated by the existing UNILAC RF amplifier structure. The transversal focusing scheme is based on magnetic quadrupole triplet lenses. The optimized design provides full transmission and low emittance growth for the design current of 15 emA U²⁸⁺ accelerating the beam from 1.4 MeV/u to 11.4 MeV/u. Extensive error studies were performed to define tolerances and verify the stability of the design with respect to misalignment and injection parameters. The design provides a compact and cost efficient alternative to a new Alvarez linac. With a total length of just 22.8 meters it will leave room for future energy upgrades in the UNILAC tunnel. H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede, Efficient Heavy Ion Acceleration with IH-Type Cavities for High Current Machines in the Energy Range up to 11.4 MeV/u, in Proc. LINAC2016, paper TUPLR070
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TUPVA072	Conceptual Injector Design for an Electron-Ion-Collider Front-End	rfq, linac, heavy-ion, cavity	2246
	H. Podlech, M. Busch, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R.C. York NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	An electron-hadron collider (EIC) could be the next large-scale nuclear physics facility in the United States. A hadron linac with a final energy of 40 AMeV (heavy ions) and up to 130 MeV for protons with an upgrade path to higher energies is required as the first step of the hadron accelerator chain. From a cost point of view superconducting technology seems to be the better choice above an energy of about 5 AMeV compared to a room temperature (rt) solution. This paper describes the conceptual design of a rt front-end up to an energy of 5 AMeV appropriate as initial element of the EIC hadron linac. It consists of two separate injectors based on efficient H-mode cavities, one optimized for heavy ions (Pb³⁰⁺) and the other optimized for protons and deuterons. Beam dynamics and first RF simulations are presented.
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TUPVA077	The Phase Slip Factor of the Electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR	storage-ring, quadrupole, cryogenics, simulation	2255
	M. Grieser, R. Hahn, S. Vogel, A. Wolf MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
	For the determination of the momentum spread of an ion beam from the measurable revolution frequency distribution the knowledge of the phase slip factor of the storage ring is necessary. At various working points of the cryogenic storage ring CSR installed at the MPI for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg the slip factor was simulated and compared with measurements. The predicted functional relationship of the slip factor and the horizontal tune depends on the different islands of stability, which has been experimentally verified. This behavior of the slip factor is in clear contrast to magnetic storage rings. In the paper we compare the results of the simulations with the measurements
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TUPVA085	First Experiences with HESR Stochastic Cooling System	kicker, pick-up, hardware, impedance	2278
	R. Stassen, B. Breitkreutz, T. Katayama, N. Shurkhno, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich, Germany T. Katayama Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan L. Thorndahl CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The stochastic cooling system of the HESR (High Energy Storage Ring) is based on completely new structures especially designed for the HESR. Each beam surrounding slot of these so called slot-ring couplers covers the whole image current without a reduction of the HESR aperture and without any plunging system. One pickup and one kicker have been already fabricated and installed into the COSY ring to demonstrate stochastic cooling in all three dimensions with only one structure. First results of commissioning with proton beams will be presented. The longitudinal cooling system at HESR is based on filter cooling with an optical notch-filter and ToF cooling. The demanding accuracy concerning phase stability requires dedicated control of the notch-frequency. The optical COSY filter has been modified and can be proven in long term runs together with the new stochastic cooling system.
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TUPVA087	ADIGE: The Radioactive Ion Beam Injector of the SPES Project	plasma, ECR, rfq, extraction	2281
	A. Galatà, L. Bellan, G. Bisoffi, M. Comunian, L. Martin, M.F. Moisio, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, G.P. Prete, C. R. Roncolato INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project is presently under development at INFN-LNL: aim of this project is the production, ionization and post-acceleration of radioactive ions to perform forefront research in nuclear physics. An ECR-based charge breeder (SPES-CB) will allow post-acceleration of radioactive ions: in particular, the SPES-CB has been designed and developed by LPSC of Grenoble, based on the Phoenix booster. It will be equipped with a complete test bench totally integrated with the SPES beam line: this part of the post-accelerator, together with the newly designed RFQ, composes the so-called ADIGE injector for the superconducting linac ALPI. The injector will employ a unique Medium Resolution Mass Spectrometer (MRMS, R=1/1000), mounted downstream the SPES-CB, in order to avoid the typical drawback of the ECR-based charge breeding technique, that is the beam contamination. This contribution describes the ADIGE injector, with particular attention to the analysis of possible contaminations and the performances expected for the MRMS, showing the beam dynamics calculations for a reference radioactive beam.
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TUPVA096	Detection of H⁰ Particles in MEBT2 Chicane of J-PARC Linac	vacuum, linac, diagnostics, detector	2308
	J. Tamura, H. Ao, T. Maruta, A. Miura, T. Morishita, K. Okabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao KEK, Ibaraki, Japan Y. Nemoto Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
	In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), H⁰ particles generated by collisions of accelerated H⁻ beams with residual gases are considered as one of the key factors of the residual radiation in the high energy accelerating section of the linac. To diagnose the H⁰ particles, the new beam line for analyzing H⁰ and H⁻ particles was installed in the second medium energy beam transport (MEBT2), which is the matching section from the separated-type drift tube linac (SDTL) to the annular-ring coupled structure linac (ACS). The analysis line consists of four dipole magnets for giving the H⁻ beam chicane orbit, and a wire scanner monitor (WSM) for measuring the horizontal shift of the H⁻ beam. To detect the H⁰ particles, a carbon plate is installed to the WSM. In the beam commissioning, we detected the signals of H⁰ particles penetrating the plate and observed the transition of the signal with various vacuum condition in the SDTL section.
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TUPVA102	Effect of Beam Losses on Radio Frequency Quadrupole	rfq, proton, experiment, operation	2325
	Q. Fu, P.P. Gan, S.L. Gao, F.J. Jia, H.P. Li, Y.R. Lu, Z. Wang, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB845503) Most of existing high-current RFQs in the world encounter the degrade of beam transmission or unstable operation, even RF ramping can't go up to nominal design voltage after several years or long time beam commissioning. One of the main reasons is that the irradiation damage to electrode surface, caused by beam losses, influences RF performance of RFQ cavity. This is especially serious for high-current RFQ. By simulation and irradiation experiments, proton irradiation damage to copper target has been studied. The simulation results showed that normally incident proton beams with input energy lower than 1 MeV damage the copper surface in the range of one skin depth at 162.5 MHz, which indicated that almost all the lost beams with small incident angles impact RF performance of RFQ cavity. By the irradiation experiments, the damage within 60 nm depth from surface was proved to have a greater impact on surface finish. The conclusion is that low energy beam losses also need to be kept as low as possible to prolong the life of the RFQ electrodes, especially in high-current RFQ design.
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TUPVA105	Development Progress of the 7MeV Linac Injector for the 200MeV Synchrotron of Xi'an Proton Application Facility	rfq, linac, DTL, ion-source	2336
	Q.Z. Xing, C.B. Bi, C. Cheng, D. Dan, C.T. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, K.D. Man, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China E.Y. Qu, B.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
	We present, in this paper, the development progress of the 7MeV Linac for the 200MeV synchrotron of the Xi'an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). The 7 MeV linac injector is composed of the 50 keV negative hydrogen ion source, Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), 3 MeV four-vane type Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, 7 MeV Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linac (DTL), and the corresponding RF power source system. The 2.45 GHz microwave-driven Cesium-free Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) source and LEBT will be commissioned in this year, and the peak current of the extracted H⁻ beam at the exit of the LEBT is expected to be 6 mA, with the output energy of 50 keV, maximum repetition rate of 0.5 Hz, beam pulse width of 10~40 microseconds and normalized RMS emittance of less than 0.2 PI mm mrad. Furthermore, the construction status of the RFQ accelerator and DTL accelerator will be presented in this paper.
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TUPVA108	Development of 1 MeV/n RFQ for Ion Beam Irradiation	rfq, cavity, ion-source, vacuum	2343
	H.S. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning). For the purpose of the ion beam irradiation, especially for helium beam application to semiconductor industry, an ion beam RFQ is under development at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex). The output energy of the RFQ is determined to be 1 MeV/n, which corresponds to 4 MeV in helium beam case, in consideration of the penetration depth in the silicon substrate. The RFQ is a four-vane type and will be fabricated through vacuum brazing technique. The RF power of 130 kW at 200 MHz will be provided to the RFQ by using a solid-state RF amplifier through two coaxial RF couplers with coaxial RF windows. The details of the RFQ development including some design features and fabrication methods will be given in this paper.
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TUPVA111	Design of the Secondary Particle Production Beam Line at KOMAC	target, proton, ion-source, neutron	2346
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.J. Dang, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A 100-MeV proton linac is under operation since 2013 at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) and provides the accelerated proton beam to various users from the research institutes, universities and industries. To expand the utilization fields of the accelerator, we are planning to develop a target ion source to produce a secondary particle such as Li-8 based on the existing linac. A test beam line was designed to supply proton beam to target ion source. Details on the beam line design are presented.
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TUPVA113	The Feature of Magnetic Field Formation of Multi-Purpose Isochronous Cyclotron DC280	cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, ion-source	2352
	I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia V.P. Kukhtin, E.A. Lamzin, S.E. Sytchevsky NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia
	At the present time the activities on creation of the new heavy-ion isochronous cyclotron DC280 are carried out at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The isochronous cyclotron DC-280 will produce accelerated beam of ions A/Z= 4 - 7 with a smooth variation of the beam energy W= 4 ' 8 MeV/n. The variation of energy is provided by the wide range of the magnetic field levels from 0.64T till 1.32T and usage of the 11 radial and 4 pairs of harmonic correcting coils. In the work the results of calculations and final measurements of the magnetic field are presented. The magnetic field of cyclotron DC-280 is formed in a good conformity with results of computer modeling.
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TUPVA114	Nuclotron New Beam Channels for Applied Researches	target, heavy-ion, radiation, ion-source	2355
	E. Syresin, A.V. Butenko, O.S. Kozlov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia A.V. Bakhmutova, A.V. Bogdanov, R. Gavrilin, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, D.A. Liakin, N.V. Markov, V.A. Panyushkin, V. Skachkov, S.A. Visotski ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Three new experimental areas are organized for applied physics researches in frame of realization of the accelerator facility NICA. New beamlines are under development for applied researches on Nuclotron accelerator. The ion beams with energy of 250-800 MeV/n extracted from Nuclotron will be used for the radio-biological and materials research and modeling of the cosmic rays interactions with microchips. The equipment of two experimental stations is designed by JINR-ITEP collaboration for these applied researches. The design of the magnetic system, the beam diagnostic equipment, the target stations are developed in frame of this project. The design and construction of these beamlines and experimental stations are planned in 2017-2020. Low ion energy station will be installed in 2021-2023 inside the transportation channel from heavy ion linac HILAC. Two new stations for applied researches will be constructed in 2021-2023 with ion beams at energy up 4.5 GeV/u.
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TUPVA116	Commissioning of the New Heavy Ion Linac at the NICA Project	rfq, linac, ion-source, heavy-ion	2362
	A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.V. Mialkovskiy, D.O. Ponkin, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia A.M. Bazanov, B.V. Golovenskiy, V. Kobets, V.A. Monchinsky, A.V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Höltermann, D. Mäder, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
	The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR, Dubna. This complex is assumed to operate using two injectors: modernized old Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as the injector of light polarized ions and a new Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator HILAc - injector of heavy ions beams. The new heavy ion linac accelerate ions with q/A values above 0.16 to 3.2 MeV/u is under commissioning. The main components are 4-Rod-RFQ and two IH drift tube cavities is operated at 100.6 MHz. Main results of the HILAc commissioning with carbon beam from the laser ion source are discussed.
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TUPVA117	Commissioning of New Light Ion RFQ Linac and First Nuclotron Run with New Injector	rfq, linac, operation, proton	2366
	A.V. Butenko, A.M. Bazanov, D.E. Donets, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.V. Mialkovskiy, D.O. Ponkin, R.G. Pushkar, V.V. Seleznev, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia S.V. Barabin, A.V. Kozlov, G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy, V.G. Kuzmichev ITEP, Moscow, Russia A. Belov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia V.V. Fimushkin, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, V. Kobets, A.D. Kovalenko, V.A. Monchinsky, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia S.M. Polozov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR, Dubna. This complex is assumed to operate using two injectors: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector of light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILAc - injector of heavy ions beams. Old DC for-injector of the LU-20, which operated from 1974, is replaced by the new RFQ accelerator, which was commissioned in spring 2016. The first Nuclotron technological run with new fore-injector was performed in June 2016. Beams of D⁺ and H²⁺ were successfully injected and accelerated in the Nuclotron ring. Main results of the RFQ commissioning and the first Nuclotron run with new for-injector is discussed in this paper.
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TUPVA123	Status of DESIREE	injection, storage-ring, experiment, detector	2379
	A. Simonsson, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Cederquist, K. Chartkunchand, G. Eklund, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, H. Motzkau, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
	DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm has been running since 2011(?). In the cold (13 K) environment with an excellent vacuum, very long storage times in both rings have been achieved, which has enabled the preparation of beams in a single quantum state. The status of DESIREE is presented with particular emphasis on measurements of stored beam currents in the sub-nA range. We also discuss the ongoing work towards stochastic cooling of very slow beams.
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TUPVA125	LINAC5: A Quasi-Alvarez LINAC for BioLEIR	linac, rfq, DTL, quadrupole	2385
	J.M. Garland, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	LINAC5 is a new linac proposed for the acceleration of light ions with Q/A = 1/3 to 1/4 for medical applications within the BioLEIR (Low Energy Ion Ring) design study at CERN. We propose a novel quasi-Alvarez drift-tube linac (DTL) accelerating structure design for LINAC5, which can reduce the length of a more conventional DTL structure, yet allows better beam focussing control and flexibility than the inter-digital H (IH) structures typically used for modern ion acceleration. We present the main sections of the linac with total length 12 m, including a 202 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) a matching medium energy beam transport (MEBT) and a 405 MHz quasi-Alvarez accelerating section with an output energy of 4.2 MeV/u. Permanent magnet quadrupoles are proposed for use in the quasi-Alvarez structure to improve the compactness of the design and increase the efficiency. Lattice design considerations, multi-particle beam dynamics simulations and RFQ and radio frequency (RF) cavity designs are presented.
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TUPVA128	Performance of the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies into the LHC during the Second Proton-Lead Run	injection, emittance, proton, extraction	2395
	R. Alemany-Fernández, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, E. Carlier, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, A. Huschauer, M.A. Jebramcik, S. Jensen, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, T. Mertens, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, A. Saá Hernández, M. Schaumann, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, H. Timko, V. Toivanen, G. Tranquille, F.M. Velotti, F.J.C. Wenander, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC performance during the proton-lead run in 2016 fully relied on a permanent monitoring and systematic improvement of the beam quality in all the injectors. The beam production and characteristics are explained in this paper, together with the improvements realized during the run from the source up to the flat top of the LHC. Transmission studies from one accelerator to the next as well as beam quality evolution studies during the cycle at each accelerator, have been carried out and are summarized in this paper. In 2016, the LHC had to deliver the beams to the experiments at two different energies, 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV. The properties of the beams at these two energies are also presented
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TUPVA138	Status of the Warm Front End of PIP-II Injector Test	rfq, kicker, ion-source, linac	2421
	A.V. Shemyakin, M.L. Alvarez, R. Andrews, C.M. Baffes, J.-P. Carneiro, A.Z. Chen, P. Derwent, J.P. Edelen, D. Frolov, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, V.L. Sista, J. Steimel, D. Sun, A. Warner Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA V.L. Sista BARC, Mumbai, India
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) at Fermilab is a program of upgrades to the injection complex. At its core is the design and construction of a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ SRF linac. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator known as PIP-II Injector Test is under construction. It includes a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2 m-long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, followed by a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) that feeds the first of 2 cryomodules increasing the beam energy to about 25 MeV, and a High Energy Beam Transport section (HEBT) that takes the beam to a dump. The ion source, LEBT, RFQ, and initial version of the MEBT have been built, installed, and commissioned. This report presents the overall status of the warm front end.
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TUPVA139	Characterization of the Beam from the RFQ of the PIP-II Injector Test	rfq, emittance, quadrupole, ion-source	2425
	A.V. Shemyakin, J.-P. Carneiro, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, V.L. Sista, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA V.L. Sista BARC, Mumbai, India
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy A 2.1 MeV, 10 mA CW RFQ has been installed and commissioned at the Fermilab's test accelerator known as PIP-II Injector Test. This report describes the measurements of the beam properties after acceleration in the RFQ, including the energy and emittance.
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TUPVA145	Commissioning of the New SNS RFQ and 2.5MeV Beam Test Facility	rfq, emittance, target, ion-source	2438
	A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, M.T. Crofford, B. Han, Y.W. Kang, A.A. Menshov, A. Webster, R.F. Welton, A.P. Zhukov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA B.L. Cathey, C.C. Peters ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. SNS injector uses a four-vane 402.5MHz RFQ for accelerating the H⁻ beam with 38mA peak current and 7% duty factor to 2.5MeV. The original RFQ, commissioned in 2002, has been able to support SNS operation up to the design average beam power of 1.4MW. However, several problems have developed over almost fifteen years of operation. A new RFQ with design changes addressing the known problems has been built and commissioned up to the design beam power at the new SNS Beam Test Facility (BTF). The BTF consists of a 65 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2.5MeV RFQ, a beam line with advanced transverse and longitudinal beam diagnostics and a 6 kW beam dump. This presentation provides results of the RFQ commissioning and the BTF beam instrumentation commissioning. We also discuss progress of the ongoing multidimensional phase space characterization experiment and future beam dynamics study planned at the SNS BTF.
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WEOAA1	Commissioning of SPIRAL2 CW RFQ and Linac	rfq, linac, proton, cryomodule	2462
	R. Ferdinand, P.-E. Bernaudin, P. Bertrand, M. Di Giacomo, H. Franberg, A. Ghribi, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle, F. Varenne GANIL, Caen, France D. Uriot CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The SPIRAL2 88 MHz CW RFQ is designed to accelerate light and heavy ions with A/Q from 1 to 3 at 0.73 MeV/A. The nominal beam intensities are up to 5 mA CW for both proton and deuteron beams and up to 1 mA CW for heavier ions. The design foresees almost 100% transmission for all ions at nominal beam current and emittance. Beam commissioning of the RFQ and linac cool down started already. The specifications have been achieved within the measurement precision for the different ions accelerated yet. This paper describes the beam commissioning strategy, the measurement results in both transverse and longitudinal planes and the success-fully first cryogenic tests of the linac.
	Slides WEOAA1 [11.515 MB]
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WEOBB2	Beam Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source	proton, emittance, plasma, ion-source	2530
	L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, A. Miraglia, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the beam commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started in November 2016. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Promising results were obtained since the first source start with a 6 mm diameter extraction hole. The increase of the extraction hole to 8 mm allowed improving PS-ESS performances and obtaining the values required by the ESS accelerator. In this work, extracted beam current characteristics together with Doppler shift and emittance measurements are presented, as well as the description of the next phases before the installation at ESS in Lund.
	Slides WEOBB2 [2.457 MB]
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WEOCB2	Superconducting Magnets at FAIR	dipole, quadrupole, operation, superconducting-magnet	2546
	E.S. Fischer, A. Bleile, J. Ceballos Velasco, V.I. Datskov, F. Kaether, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, H. Müller, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	For the FAIR (Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerators, various technologies of superconducting magnets have been developed. In total, 613 superconducting magnets are required for the FAIR modularized start version. For the heavy ion synchrotron SIS100, which is the central accelerator under construction, fast ramped, iron dominated superconducting magnets of the Nuclotron type will be used. Due to the high beam intensity operation desired for SIS100, highest precision and reproducibility is requested for the iron yoke of these magnets. For the dipole magnets of SIS100 the series production has already been released. In parallel, the Super-FRS will be built for the generation of radioactive beams and for isotope separation. Huge aperture superconducting dipole magnets and multiplet modules are required for the main separator of the Super-FRS. For testing of the various types of sc magnets, three test facilities at GSI, JINR and CERN have been set-up. We give an overview on the modern design aspects for the different magnet types and their first test results and the preparation of the appropriate test facilities.
	Slides WEOCB2 [12.633 MB]
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WEPAB026	BRho-Dependent Taylor Transfer Maps for Super-FRS Dipole Magnets	dipole, simulation, radiation, multipole	2631
	E.S. Kazantseva, O. Boine-Frankenheim TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany M. Berz, R. Jagasia, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA H. Weick, J.S. Winfield GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The Super-FRS is an in-flight projectile fragment separator being built at GSI for FAIR. Due to the required high design momentum resolution and large acceptance (Ah= ±40mrad, Av= ±20mrad) the dipole magnets of the Super-FRS have large apertures (38×14cm²). The wide design magnetic rigidity (BRho) range 2-20 Tm requires the variation of the main dipole magnetic field B0 in the range 0.16-1.6 T. Since the upper third of the B0 range is situated in a non-linear saturation region of the magnetization curve B(H) and the spatial distribution of magnetic permeability in the steel yoke is non-uniform, the field distribution in the useful aperture of the magnet is a non-linear and non-uniform function of the excitation current I. One consequence is the shortening of the effective length and the change of the field distribution with increasing I. In this study we analyze these effects for the Super-FRS dipole magnets. We use 3D field distribution from FEM simulations for different I values and a resulting BRho(I). From the fields the Taylor transfer maps for the particles are obtained using DA techniques (COSY-infinity) and the convergence of the resulting transfer maps is discussed.
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WEPAB068	Residual Gas in the Vacuum System of the Solaris 1.5GeV Electron Storage Ring	vacuum, storage-ring, electron, injection	2734
	A.M. Marendziak, S. Piela, M.J. Stankiewicz, A.I. Wawrzyniak, M. Zając Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland E. Al-Dmour MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	Solaris is a third generation light source constructed at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. The machine was designed by the MAX IV Laboratory team. The replica of the 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference of a vacuum system was successfully built and now the synchrotron facility is after the 3rd phase of commissioning. Recent installation of the Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) in the storage ring allows now for evaluation of the residual gas composition. Within this paper the result of residual gas analysis in the vacuum system of storage ring during different states of the machine will be presented. Result of vacuum performance regarding beam cleaning and beam lifetime will be presented. Moreover, the NEG strips performance will be evaluated and reported.
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WEPAB137	Cold Muonium Negative Ion Production	electron, target, collider, plasma	2898
	V.G. Dudnikov, M.A. Cummings, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA A.V. Dudnikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Charged muons as Muonium negative ions (consisting of positive Mu-meson and 2 electrons) have affinity S=0.75 eV. Muonium have ionization energy I=13.6 eV. Muonium negative ions were observed in 1987 [10, 11] by interaction of muons with a foil. In these work an efficiency of transformation of mu mesons to negative musonium ions were very low 10^-4. However, with using Tungsten or palladium single crystal with deposition cesium it can be improved up to 40-50%.
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WEPIK025	Spectral Diagnostics of Argon Plasma in a 10mm Aperture Plasma Window	plasma, electron, cathode, vacuum	2978
	P.P. Gan, S. Huang, Y.R. Lu, S.Z. Wang, Z.X. Yuan, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A 10 mm diameter 60 mm long plasma window has been designed and managed to generate arc discharge with argon gas experimentally in Peking University. Based on the previous experiments and simulations, we have measured the electron temperature and density of the plasma via argon spectral diagnostics, and analyzed the conditions to satisfy the criterion of local thermal equilibrium (L.T.E). The electron temperature is in the range of 12000 K to 16000 K. The electron density is in the range of 2.2×10¹⁶ cm^-3 to 3.2×10¹⁶ cm^-3, increasing with discharge current and gas flow rate. The results indicate that our argon plasma is in the L.T.E status. The sealing pressure characteristics of the plasma window is mentioned as well.
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WEPIK035	Adapting the JLEIC Electron Ring for Ion Acceleration	booster, lattice, electron, dipole	3007
	B. Mustapha, Z.A. Conway, J.L. Martinez Marin, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for ANL and by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. A key component of the recently proposed alternative design approach for the JLab-EIC (JLEIC) ion complex is to consolidate the electron storage ring (e-ring) as a large booster for the ions. A preliminary parameter study showed that it is possible to do so for different design options of the e-ring. In this paper we will report on the adaptation of the e-ring lattice to accelerate ions. After studying the beam dynamics at the injection and extraction energies, we will determine the RF requirements for ion acceleration, in particular the number of required accelerating sections and their locations. The effect of this potential lattice change on the electron beam will be investigated. In a second stage, we will focus on the spin manipulation and determine if the spin rotators and flippers available for the electron could be used for the ions. An Alternative Approach for the JLEIC Ion Accelerator Complex, B. Mustapha et al, Proceedings of NAPAC-2016, October 9-14, Chicago, IL.
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WEPIK038	Acceleration of Polarized Protons and Deuterons in the Ion Collider Ring of JLEIC	collider, resonance, polarization, proton	3014
	V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. The figure-8-shaped ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is transparent to the spin. It allows one to preserve proton and deuteron polarizations using weak stabilizing solenoids when accelerating the beam up to 100 GeV/c. When the stabilizing solenoids are introduced into the collider's lattice, the particle spins precess about a spin field, which consists of the field induced by the stabilizing solenoids and the zero-integer spin resonance strength. During acceleration of the beam, the induced spin field is maintained constant while the resonance strength experiences significant changes in the regions of interference peaks. The beam polarization depends on the field ramp rate of the arc magnets. Its component along the spin field is preserved if acceleration is adiabatic. We present the results of our theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of the spin dynamics during acceleration of protons and deuterons in the JLEIC ion collider ring. We demonstrate high stabil-ity of the deuteron polarization in figure-8 accelerators. We analyze a change in the beam polarization when crossing the transition energy.
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WEPIK041	Update on the JLEIC Electron Collider Ring Design	sextupole, electron, emittance, lattice	3018
	Y.M. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, F.C. Pilat, G.H. Wei, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.-H. Wang Self Employment, Private address, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under US DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work supported by the US DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. We present an update on the lattice design of the electron ring of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC). The electron and ion collider rings feature a unique figure-8 layout providing optimal conditions for preservation of beam polarization. The rings include two arcs and two intersecting long straight sections containing a low-beta interaction region (IR) with special optics for detector polarimetry, electron beam spin rotator sections, ion beam cooling sections, and RF-cavity sections. Recent development of the electron ring lattice has been focused on minimizing the beam emittance while providing an efficient non-linear chromaticity correction and large dynamic aperture. We describe and compare three lattice designs, from which we determine the best option.
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WEPIK043	Modeling Local Crabbing Dynamics in the JLEIC Ion Collider Ring	lattice, cavity, emittance, luminosity	3022
	S.I. Sosa Guitron, J.R. Delayen ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA V.S. Morozov JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) design considers a 50 mrad crossing angle at the Interaction Point. Without appropriate compensation, this could geometrically reduce the luminosity by an order of magnitude. A local crabbing scheme is implemented to avoid the luminosity loss: crab cavities are placed at both sides of the interaction region to restore a head-on collision scenario. In this contribution, we report on the implementation of a local crabbing scheme in the JLEIC ion ring. The effects of this correction scheme on the stability of proton bunches are analyzed using the particle tracking software elegant.
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WEPIK044	Effects of Crab Cavitiy Multipoles on JLEIC Ion Ring Dynamic Aperture	multipole, cavity, dynamic-aperture, dipole	3025
	S.I. Sosa Guitron, S.U. De Silva, J.R. Delayen ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA V.S. Morozov JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	We study the effects of crab cavity multipole fields on the beam dynamic aperture of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) ion ring. Crab cavities are needed to compensate for luminosity loss due to a 50 mrad crossing angle at the interaction point. New compact crab cavity designs are interesting as they do not require considerable space in the ring but their non-linear field needs to be well understood. In this contribution, we study the impact of field multipoles on the beam dynamic aperture and report tolerance values for crab cavity multipoles.
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WEPIK047	Frequency Choice Studies of eRHIC Crab Cavity	luminosity, cavity, electron, simulation	3028
	Y. Hao, Y. Luo, V. Ptitsyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Crab crossing scheme is essential collision scheme to achieve high luminosity for the future electron-ion collider (EIC). Since the ion beam is long when cooling is not present, the nonlinear dependence of the crabbing kick may present a challenge to the beam dynamics of the ion beam, hence a impact to the luminosity lifetime. In this paper, we present the initial result of the weak-strong and strong-strong beam-beam tracking with the crab crossing scheme. The result provides beam dynamics guidance in choosing the proper frequency the crab cavity for the future EIC.
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WEPIK094	LEIR Impedance Model and Coherent Beam Instability Observations	impedance, injection, space-charge, electron	3159
	N. Biancacci, H. Bartosik, A. Huschauer, E. Métral, T.L. Rijoff, B. Salvant, R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Migliorati University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
	The LEIR machine is the first synchrotron in the ion acceleration chain at CERN and it is responsible to deliver high intensity ion beams to the LHC. Following the recent progress in the understanding of the intensity limitations, detailed studies of the machine impedance started. In this work we describe the present LEIR impedance model, detailing the contribution to the total longitudinal and transverse impedance of several machine element. We then compare the machine tune shift versus intensity predictions against measurements at injection energy and summarize the coherent instability observations in absence of transverse damper feedback.
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WEPVA014	Status of R&D on New Superconducting Injector Linac for Nuclotron-NICA	linac, proton, simulation, injection	3282
	G.V. Trubnikov, A.V. Butenko, N. Emelianov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia T.A. Bakhareva, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, S.V. Matsievskiy, S.M. Polozov, A.V. Samoshin, N.P. Sobenin, D.V. Surkov, K.V. Taletskiy, S.E. Toporkov, V. Zvyagintsev MEPhI, Moscow, Russia A.A. Bakinowskaya, A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus S.E. Demyanov Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus V.A. Karpovich BSU, Minsk, Belarus T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov ITEP, Moscow, Russia A.A. Kurayev, V.V. Matbeenko, A.O. Rak Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR), Minsk, Belarus V.N. Rodionova Belarussian State University, Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus A.O. Sidorin Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The new collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB, BSUIR and SPMRC NASB starts in 2015 the project of linac-injector design in 2015. The goal of new linac is to accelerate protons up to 25 MeV (and up to 50 MeV at the second stage) and light ions to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current results of the linac general design and development, beam dynamics simulations, SC cavities design and SRF technology development are presented in this report.
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WEPVA017	Efficiency Enhancement Induced by a Precursor Electron Bunch in Quasi-Phase Matched Direct Laser Acceleration	plasma, electron, focusing, laser	3289
	C.-Y. Hsieh, S.-H. Chen NCU, Chung Li, Taiwan I. Jovanovic NERS-UM, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA M.W. Lin National Tsing-Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan by Grant MOST 104-2112-M-008-013-MY3 and the United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency through contract HDTRA1-11-1-0009 Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of an electron bunch can be achieved by utilizing the axial field of a well-guided, radially polarized laser pulse in a density-modulated plasma waveguide. However, the ponderomotive force of a TW-class laser pulse excites a plasma wave that can generate a defocusing electrostatic field, which significantly deteriorates the transverse properties of the injected electron witness bunch. To improve the quality of the accelerated witness bunch, an additional leading electron bunch, termed as a precursor, is introduced to generate ion-focusing force to effectively confine the trailing witness bunch. We conducted three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the effect of bunch charge, transverse size of the precursor, and the axial separation between the precursor and the witness bunch on the efficacy of DLA. Results indicate that the transverse properties of the witness bunch can be maintained and the overall DLA efficiency can be improved, when a favorable ion-focusing force is provided by the precursor. A. G. York, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 195001 (2008). ** M. -W. Lin et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 093109 (2014).
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WEPVA030	FAIR SIS100 - Features and Status of Realisation	cryogenics, operation, dipole, synchrotron	3320
	P.J. Spiller, U. Blell, L.H.J. Bozyk, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, J. Henschel, P. Hülsmann, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Mühle, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, V.P. Plyusnin, I. Pongrac, N. Pyka, P. Rottländer, C. Roux, J. Stadlmann, B. Streicher, St. Wilfert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	SIS100 is a unique heavy ion synchrotron designed for the generation of high intensity heavy ion and Proton beams. New features and solutions are implemented to enable operation with low charge state heavy ions and to minimize ionization beam loss driven by collisions with the residual gas. SIS100 aims for new frontier and world wide leading Uranium bam intensities. A huge effort is taken to stabilized the dynamics of the residual gas pressure and to suppress ion induced desorption. Fast ramped superconducting magnets have been developed and are in production with highest precision in engineering and field quality, matching the requirements from beams with high space charge. A powerful equipment with Rf stations for fast acceleration, pre- and final compression, for the generation of barrier buckets and provision of longitudinal feed-back shall allow a flexible handling of the ion bunches for the matching to various user requirements. Results obtained with FOS (first of series) devices, status of realisation and technical challenges resulting from the demanding goals, will be presented.
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WEPVA034	ELENA - From Installation to Commissioning	antiproton, injection, experiment, ion-source	3327
	T. Eriksson, W. Bartmann, P. Belochitskii, L. Bojtár, H. Breuker, F. Butin, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, P. Freyermuth, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, J. Mertens, R. Ostojić, S. Pasinelli, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva, Switzerland W. Oelert Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut für Physik, Mainz, Germany
	ELENA (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring) is an upgrade project at the CERN AD (Antiproton Decelerator). The smaller ELENA ring will further decelerate 5.3 MeV antiprotons from the AD ring down to 100 keV using electron cooling to obtain good deceleration efficiency and dense beams. An increase of up to two orders of magnitude in trapping efficiency is expected at the AD experiments. This paper will report on the current status of ELENA where beam commissioning of the ring is now taking place. Phase one of the project installation has been completed with ring and injection lines in place, while phase two will finalize the project with installation of 100 keV transfer lines connecting the experiments to ELENA and is planned to take place in 2019/2020.
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WEPVA040	Design of Imaginary Transition Gamma Booster Synchrotron for the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC)	injection, optics, booster, lattice	3350
	S.A. Bogacz JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains a non- exclusive, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Baseline design of the JLEIC booster synchrotron is presented. Its aim is to inject and accumulate heavy ions and protons at 285 MeV, to accelerate them to about 7 GeV, and finally to extract them into the ion collider ring. The Figure-8 ring features two 260 deg. achromatic arcs configured with negative momentum compaction lattices, designed to avoid transition crossing for all ion species during the course of acceleration. The arc optics is based on a lightly perturbed 90 deg. FODO, with missing dipoles every fourth half-cell, where the horizontal dispersion is driven partly negative for the inward bending arc leading to negative momentum compaction. The lattice also features a specialized high dispersion injection insert optimized to facilitate the transverse phase-space painting in both planes for multi-turn ion injection. Furthermore, the lattice has been optimized to mitigate magnet error sensitivity and to ease chromaticity correction with two families of sextupoles in each plane. The booster ring is configured with super-ferric, 3 Tesla bends. We are presently launching optimization of the booster synchrotron design to operate in the extreme space-charge dominated regime.

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MOOCB2

Laser System Design and Operation for SNS H⁻ Beam Laser Stripping

laser, experiment, operation, neutron

57

Y. Liu, A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, T.V. Gorlov, A.A. Menshov, A. Webster
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A. Rakhman
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This work has been partially supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-13ER41967. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE.
Recently, a high-efficiency laser assisted hydrogen ion (H⁻) beam stripping was successfully carried out in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator. The experiment was not only an important step toward foil-less H⁻ stripping for charge exchange injection, it also served as a first example of using megawatt ultraviolet (UV) laser in an operational high power proton accelerator facility. This talk reports the design, implementation, and commissioning results of the macropulse laser system, laser transport line, and laser operation for the laser stripping experiment. The macropulse laser consists of a mode-locked picosecond pulsed seed laser and a burst-mode Nd:YAG laser amplifier. The general design concept can be adapted to any temporal beam structures in most accelerators. We have achieved UV pulses with the pulse widths varying between 34 to 54 ps and a maximum peak power over 3.5 MW. A laser transport line is installed to deliver the UV beam to the laser stripping chamber at a transmission efficiency of 70%. Laser operation including remote control and monitor of laser parameters will be described.

Slides MOOCB2 [11.306 MB]

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MOPAB007

Status of Crystal Collimation Studies at the LHC

collimation, proton, injection, beam-losses

84

R. Rossi, O. Aberle, O.O. Andreassen, M.E.J. Butcher, C.A. Dionisio Barreto, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, W. Scandale, P. Serrano Galvez, G. Valentino
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Galluccio
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy

Crystal collimation is a technique that relies on highly pure bent crystals to coherently deflect beam particles - through the channeling mechanisms - onto dedicated absorbers. Standard multi-stage collimation systems for hadron beams use amorphous materials as primary collimators and might be limited by nuclear interactions and ion fragmentation that are strongly suppressed in crystals. A crystal collimation setup was installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to demonstrate with LHC beams the feasibility of this concept and to compare its performance with that of the present system. Channeling was observed for the first time with 6.5 TeV beam and and plans for further crystal collimation beam tests at the LHC are discussed. Results of these first beam tests are presented.

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MOPAB012

Study of the 2015 Top Energy LHC Collimation Quench Tests Through an Advanced Simulation Chain

simulation, proton, collimation, heavy-ion

100

E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

While the LHC has shown record-breaking perfor-mance during the 2016 run, our understanding of the behaviour of the machine must also reach new levels. The collimation system and especially the betatron cleaning insertion region (IR7), where most of the beam halo is intercepted to protect superconducting (SC) magnets from quenching, has so far met the expectations but could nonetheless pose a bottleneck for future operation at higher beam intensities for HL-LHC. A better under-standing of the collimation leakage to SC magnets is required in order to quantify potential limitations in terms of cleaning efficiency, ultimately optimising the collider capabilities. Particle tracking simulations com-bined with shower simulations represent a powerful tool for quantifying the power deposition in magnets next to the cleaning insertion. In this study, we benchmark the simulation models against beam loss monitor measure-ments from magnet quench tests (QT) with 6.5 TeV pro-ton and 6.37Z TeV Pb ion beams. In addition, we investi-gate the effect of possible imperfections on the collima-tion leakage and the power deposition in magnets.

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MOPAB023

ESS Emittance Measurements at INFN CATANIA

emittance, ion-source, simulation, proton

123

O. Tuske, P. Daniel-Thomas, J.F. Denis, Y. Gauthier, T.J. Joannem, N. Misiara, V. Nadot, G. Perreu, F. Senée, V. Silva
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
L. Celona, L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
B. Cheymol, T.J. Shea
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Chu, M. Monteremand
CEA LITEN, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
Ø. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
T.V. Vacher
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

Beam characteristics at low energy are an absolute necessity for an acceptable injection in the next stage of a linear accelerator, and are also necessary to reduce beam loss and radiation inside the machine. CEA is taking part of ESS linac construction, by designing Emittance Measurement Units (EMU) for the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). The EMU are designed to qualify the proton beam produced by the INFN Catania ion source. This measurement has been decided to be time resolved, allowing to follow the beam emittance reduction, during the pulse length. A 1Mhz acquisition board controlled by EPICS save raw datas to an archiver in order to be able to post process the measurements for time resolution. The design corresponds to an Allison's scanner, using entrance and exit slits, electrostatic plates and a faraday cup. The beamstopper protects the device and can be removable to fit to beam power. It has been manufactured by the CEA/LITEN with copper tungsten HIP technique. This article report the first measurements on the ESS injector at INFN CATANIA.

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MOPAB035

Status of Beam Diagnostics for SIS100

diagnostics, pick-up, instrumentation, beam-diagnostic

156

M. Schwickert, O. Chorniy, T. Giacomini, P. Kowina, H. Reeg, T. Reichert, R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerator facility presently under construction at GSI will supply a wide range of ion species and beam intensities for physics experiments. Design beam intensities range from 2.5·10¹³ protons/cycle to be delivered to the pBar-target and separator for production of antiprotons, to beams of e.g. 10⁹ ions/s in the case of slowly extracted beams. The main synchrotron of FAIR is the fast ramped super-conducting SIS100. In the present layout SIS100 will deliver up to 4·10¹¹ U-28+ ions/s with energies of 400-2700 MeV/u, either in single bunches of 30-90 ns, or as slowly extracted beam with extraction times of several seconds, for the radioactive ion beam program of FAIR. This contribution gives an overview of the present layout of beam diagnostic instruments for SIS100 and presents the status of the main development projects regarding e.g. the beam position monitor system, ionization profile monitor and the beam current transformers.

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MOPAB039

Development of a Control System Based on Experimental Data for Space Charge Lenses

electron, plasma, operation, space-charge

166

S. Klaproth, C. Beberweil, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, B.E.J. Scheible, K. Schulte, K.I. Thoma, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Space charge lenses use a confined electron cloud for the focusing of ion beams. The electron density gives the focusing strength whereas the density distribution influences the mapping quality of the space charge lens and is related to the confinement. The major role of the electron density with respect to the focusing quality has been pointed out many times in the past *,**. With an automated measurement system the radial light density profile, plasma stability and mean value of the electron density have been measured in respect to the confining fields and the pressure. The results are summarized in 3D-maps. The theoretical model approximations for space charge lenses predicts high electron densities then measured. With the automated system the realistic 3D-maps can be considered instead of an approximation of a theoretical density including knowledge of the most stable electron cloud achievable within the parameter range of the lens. The experimental results of the automated measurement system will be presented here and a concept of a control system for this type of space charge lenses will be explained.
* O. Meusel, 'Focussing and transport of ion beams using space charge lenses', PhD thesis, 2006

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MOPAB076

2D Beam Profile Monitors at CPHS of Tsinghua University

proton, target, radiation, electronics

298

W. Wang, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, Y. Lei, X.W. Wang, Q.Z. Xing, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
L. Du
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang
State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China

Beam profile is a key parameter for high current proton linac. Compact Pulsed Hadron Source(CPHS) has two type of detectors to monitor beam 2D beam profile: scintillator screen and rotatable multi-wire scanner. A retractable chromium-doped alumina (Chromox) screen is used as scintillator, emitted lights when impacted by proton are captured by a 12 bit CCD camera. Nineteen carbon fibre wires with a diameter of 30 'm, 3 mm separated from each other, are used to measure beam 1D distribution. Projection can be measured at different direction by rotating the multi-wire scanner about beam direction. 2D beam distribution is reconstructed from multiple projections with the help of CT. Different CT algorithms, Algebra Reconstruct Technique (ART) and Maximum Entropy algorithm (MENT), are applied to achieve accurate or quick reconstruction. The preliminary experimental results show the two profile monitors working consistently with each other.

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MOPAB100

The Development of Button Type BPM Electronics for RAON

electronics, pick-up, operation, FPGA

362

S.W. Jang, E.-S. Kim, Y. Lee
Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea
Y.S. Chung, G.D. Kim, H.J. Woo
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
J.W. Kwon
Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

RAON is a heavy ion accelerator for the Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea. The main goals of RAON is to accelerate various stable ions from ECR ion source and rare isotopes ions from ISOL beam line. For the stable beam operation, the beam diagnostics equipment is very important. Recently, we developed a digital board electronics for the button type beam position monitor (BPM) to measure the position of ion beams. In this presentation, design of electronics, beam signal simulation results, and RF measurement test results with a developed button BPM will be described.

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MOPAB139

A Supersonic Gas-Jet Based Beam Induced Fluorescence Prototype Monitor for Transverse Profile Determination

electron, photon, experiment, gun

458

H.D. Zhang, E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Barrios Diaz, N. Chritin, O.R. Jones, G. Schneider, R. Veness
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Forck, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Forck
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
S. Udrea
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Supersonic gas jets have been used in transverse beam profile monitoring as Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) and Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) monitors. The former method images ions generated by the projectile beam, whilst the latter is based on the detection of photons. This is a promising technology for use in high energy accelerators, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HLLHC). In this paper, the suitability of a supersonic gas jet in combination with a BIF detection system for the measurement of the transverse beam profile of a low energy electron beam is discussed. The technical layout and experimental results from measurements at a test installation at the Cockcroft Institute are also presented.

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MOPAB141

Instrumentation and Its Interaction With the Secondary Beam for the Fermilab Muon Campus

experiment, simulation, vacuum, emittance

466

D. Stratakis, B.E. Drendel, M.J. Syphers
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.J. Syphers
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Fermilab Muon Campus will host the Muon g-2 experiment - a world class experiment dedicated to the search for signals of new physics. Strict demands are placed on the beam diagnostics in order to ensure delivery of high quality beams to the storage ring with minimal losses. In this study, we briefly describe the available secondary beam diagnostics for the Fermilab Muon Campus. Then, with the aid of numerical simulations we detail their interaction with the secondary beam. Finally, we compare our results against theoretical findings.

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MOPAB144

Residual-Gas Beam Profile Monitors for Intense Beams in Transfer Lines

electron, proton, synchrotron, detector

469

R.J. Abrams, M.A. Cummings, V.G. Dudnikov, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
M. Popovic
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Muons, Inc. proposes to develop a Residual-Gas Beam Profile Monitor for Transfer Lines with pulse-to-pulse precision of better than 0.1 mm in position and size that will operate over a wide range of proton beam intensities including those needed for multi-MW beams of future facilities. Traditional solid-based beam intercepting instrumentation produces unallowable levels of radiation at high powers. Our alternative approach is to use a low mass residual-gas profile monitor, where ionization electrons are collected along extended magnetic field lines and the gas composition and pressure in the beam pipe are locally controlled to minimize unwanted radiation and to improve resolution. Beam Induced Fluorescence profile monitor with mirascope light collection is proposed.

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MOPAB153

R&D of a Gas-Filled RF Beam Profile Monitor for Intense Neutrino Beam Experiments

cavity, plasma, electron, experiment

491

K. Yonehara, M. Backfish, A. Moretti, A.V. Tollestrup, A.C. Watts, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.J. Abrams, M.A. Cummings, A. Dudas, R.P. Johnson, G.M. Kazakevich, M.L. Neubauer
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
Q. Liu
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DOE STTR Grant, No. DE-SC0013764.
A MW-power beam facility is desired to produce an intense neutrino beam for study of fundamental particle physics. It is a critical challenge to measure beam profile in extreme radiation environments. To this end, a novel beam profile monitor based on a gas-filled multi-RF cavity is proposed. Charged particles through the gas-filled RF generate plasma that changes the gas permittivity. The modulated RF signal in the cavity due to the permittivity shift will be measured to reconstruct the flux of charged particles in the cavity. The demonstration is proposed to validate the concept of the monitor. We report the progress of the demonstration test.

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MOPIK022

Experimental Investigation of Field-Emission From Silicon Nano-Cone Cathodes

cathode, electron, emittance, vacuum

548

A. Lueangaramwong, C. Buzzard, V. Korampally, O. Mohsen, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
S. Chattopadhyay
Northern Illinois Univerity, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
R. Divan
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the NSF grant PHY-1535401 with Northern Illinois University
Field emission cathode are capable of forming electron beam with extreme brightness via strong-field excitation from applied electrostatic, or electromagnetic (radiofrequency and laser) fields. Our group, in collaboration with the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Material, has recently developed nanocone cathode. The present paper reports on the experimental characterization of these cathodes both configured as a single-cone emitter or as large arrays of tightly-packed emitter. The tests carried in a diode setup are capable of measuring IV characteristic curves and beam distributions.

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MOPIK023

Cornell Laboratory for High Intensity, Ultra-Bright and Polarized Electron Beams

electron, gun, simulation, cathode

551

L. Cultrera, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, C.M. Gulliford, P. Gupta, H. Lee, S.A. McBride, T.P. Moore
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: This work has been funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-1416318) and Department of Energy (Grants No. DE-SC0014338, No. DE-SC0011643 and No. DE-SC0016203).
We report on the current activities pursued at Cornell University for the production of electron beams tailored to a wide range of applications. We have developed the expertise to grow many different type of high quantum efficiency photocathode belonging to the alkali antimonide family. Those materials are ideal candidates to produce high intensity beam with average currents in the mA range. When operated near threshold at cryogenic temperature in transmission mode they can also generate the electron beams needed to perform ultrafast electron diffraction of bio molecules. We have recently expanded our facility with a Mott polarimeter to include the capability to measure polarization of the electron beam. The photocathode lab is being complemented by a dedicated photo-gun laboratory to test the photocathode properties in a real environment and to perform measurement of the beam properties under new and yet unexplored operating conditions.

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MOPIK032

Commissioning of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS

ion-source, plasma, injection, operation

570

L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Maugeri, L. Neri, F. Noto, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra
Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy

At INFN-LNS the commissioning of the AISHa superconducting ECRIS started in November 2016. Highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility are the most important features for the ongoing commissioning. In this work, we will show the preliminary results of a parametric study on the extracted current/beam in order to minimize the emittance and increase the brightness taking advantage by its hybrid magnetic system and by a fine frequency tuning system.

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MOPIK039

Transport Channel of Secondary Ion Beam of Experimental Setup for Selective Laser Ionization With Gas Cell Gals

quadrupole, target, simulation, neutron

589

N.Yu. Kazarinov, V. Bashevoy, G.G. Gulbekyan, I.A. Ivanenko, V.I. Kazacha, N.F. Osipov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S.G. Zemlyanoy
JINR/FLNR, Moscow region, Russia

GALS is the experimental setup intended for production and research of isobaric- and isotopically pure heavy neutron-rich nuclei. The beam line consists of two parts. The initial part is used for transport of the primary 136Xe ion beam with energy of 4.5-9.0 MeV/amu from the FLNR cyclotron U400M to the Pb target for the production of the studying ion beams. These beams have the following design parameters: the charge Z = +1, the mass A = 180-270 and the kinetic energy W = 40 keV. The second part placed after the target consists of SPIG (QPIG) system, the accelerating gap, the electrostatic Einzel lens, 90-degree spectrometric magnet (calculated value of the mass-resolution is equal to 1400) and the channel for the transportation of the ions from the focal plane of the magnet to a particle detector. The results of the simulation of particle dynamics and the basic parameters of the elements of the beam lines are presented in this report.

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MOPIK052

Generation of Highly-Charged Carbon Ions from Thin Foil Target

target, laser, plasma, heavy-ion

635

T. Kanesue, S. Ikeda, M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Y. Saito
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Generation of highly-charged heavy ions such as fully stripped C⁶⁺ of more than hundreds mA of beam current can be possible only with a laser ablation ion source (LIS). Heavy ions are produced from a solid target irradiated by a pulsed high power laser. Recent study showed that only sub-micron range of surface layer contributes for the generation of highly-charged heavy ions. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the difference of the performance of highly-charged carbon ion production from graphite targets of different thickness (25, 70, 254, and 3000 'm) to seek the possibility of a rolled target to overcome the limitation of a target lifetime.

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MOPIK053

Design Study of High Repetition Rate Laser Ion Source for High Power Beam Production

target, laser, plasma, heavy-ion

638

T. Kanesue, S. Ikeda, M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Y. Saito
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
We are studying a laser ion source (LIS) for a high average beam power heavy ion beam production. A LIS is the most intense source of pulsed highly-charged ions using a laser ablation scheme. By increasing the repetition rate, a LIS based heavy ion beam would approach the average beam power based on a low beam current and continuous beam regime. In addition, a high-repetition-rate LIS can be used as a heavy ion source for a medical accelerator with spot scanning technique. This paper will describe the requirements to realize the high repetition rate operation.

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MOPIK056

On the Ariel Pre-Separator

dipole, target, emittance, optics

648

S. Saminathan, R.A. Baartman
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: Funded under a contribution agreement with NRC (National Research Council Canada) and Capital funding from CFI (Canada Foundation for Innovation).
Two new independent target ion sources with dedicated pre-separators will be built in the ARIEL facility to triple the radioactive ion beam production at TRIUMF. A compact Nier-Johnson type of pre-separator has been designed to achieve a mass resolving power of 300 in order to minimize the undesired radioactive species contaminating the downstream beamlines. It consists of a 112 degree magnetic and a 90 degree toroidal electrostatic dipole with deflection in opposite direction. It also contains electrostatic quadrupole elements in between the dipoles. The electrostatic dipole compensates the energy dispersion of the magnetic dipole. This allows an achromatic mode of operation resulting in a high mass resolving power downstream to the electrostatic deflector even for beams with a high energy spread. We present the result of beam optics calculations for the ARIEL pre-separator.

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MOPIK067

Figure-8 Storage Ring - Ion Beam Injection into a Closed, Magnetic System

injection, detector, experiment, storage-ring

680

H. Niebuhr, A. Ates, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

To store high current low-energetic ion beams of up to 10 A, a superconducting storage ring (F8SR) based on solenoidal and toroidal magnetic guiding fields is investigated at Frankfurt University. Besides simulations, a scaled down experimental setup with normalconducting magnets was built. Investigations of beam injection into closed, magnetic guiding fields are in progress. Therefore, a new kind of injection system consisting of a solenoidal injection coil and a special vacuum vessel was constructed. It is used to inject a hydrogen beam from the side between two toroidal magnets. In parallel operation, a second hydrogen beam is transported through both magnets to represent the circulating beam. The current status of the experimental setup and first experimental results will be shown.

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MOPIK127

FAIR Risk Management as a Proactive Steering Tool for the Large Scale Multi Project

factory, experiment, project-management, antiproton

839

S. Deveaux, F. Becker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a large scale multi project comprising 10 subprojects in the field of accelerators (pLINAC, SIS100, SuperFRS, p-bar separator, Collector Ring, High Energy Storage Ring), experiments (CBM, APPA, NUSTAR, PANDA) and civil construction. This contribution describes the implementation of a progressive risk management methodology based on a comprehensive assessment on work package level. Complexity factors (number of parts, level of state of the art, level of human interfaces, level of operational complexity) and importance factors (safety, cost, schedule, resources) represent the likelihood of risk occurrence and the eventual value at risk. Relative comparison of the normalized factors together with a supplier assessment enables to derive an event based risk register with a standardized evaluation scheme assigning risk and opportunity classes. This contribution demonstrates the full methodology highlighting some typical examples of the FAIR project.

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MOPVA017

Electrostatic Pickup in the CNAO Injection Line

linac, pick-up, detector, proton

884

A. Parravicini, G.M.A. Calvi, E. Rojatti, C. Viviani
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy

The paper concerns the electrostatic pickup (PUB) installed in the injection line of the CNAO, the Italian facility for Oncological Hadrontherapy. The PUB has been designed with the purpose of having a continuous and non-interceptive measurement of the beam transverse position short upstream the injection in the synchrotron. Detector commissioning has not been immediate since a number of primary ions and secondary electrons fall on the PUB electrodes in many configurations, resulting in a significantly distorted signal. After the identification, and consequent rejection, of a few circumstances where the PUB cannot work properly, the commissioning proceeded on a twofold way, designing a mechanical shield to stop ions before hitting the electrodes and developing an advanced data-analysis algorithm to go beyond the signal distortion. The use of the new algorithm was sufficient to make the PUB successfully working and, after a proper calibration with upstream and downstream profile monitors, the PUB started to provide the expected results. The PUB is working as a watch-dog since January 2016. Details on the data-analysis algorithm and first year measurements are discussed in the paper.

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MOPVA054

High Power RF Coupler for the CW-Linac Demonstrator at GSI

cavity, Windows, linac, simulation

990

M. Heilmann, W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Amberg, M. Basten, R. Blank, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu
HIM, Mainz, Germany
W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The planned super-heavy element (SHE) research project investigates heavy ions near the coulomb barrier in future experiments. A superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) CH-Linac Demonstrator was developed and installed behind the High Charge State Injector (HLI) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. In future the advanced cw-LINAC setup, with several CH-cavities, will accelerates the heavy ion beam from HLI with an energy of 1.4 MeV/u up to 3.5 - 7.3 MeV/u. The RF power of several kW will be coupled capacitively into the CH-cavities with minimal reflection at an operation frequency of 217 MHz. Two ceramic windows (Al2O3) are installed inside the RF coupler, to reduce the premature contamination of the cavity and as an additional vacuum barrier. The CH-cavity will be operated at cryogenic temperature (4 K) and will be increased to room temperature along the RF coupler. The optimally adapted RF coupler design, providing minimal RF losses and simultaneously maximal performance, was optimized by electromagnetic simulations. An RF coupler design with a reflection-free RF adaptor as well as the temperature distribution along the coupler will be presented.

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MOPVA114

Materials Characterization for SRF Cavities: Gaining Insight Into Nb3Sn

SRF, interface, cavity, electron

1111

J. Tuggle
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
G.V. Eremeev, A.D. Palczewski, C.E. Reece
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.J. Kelley, U. Pudasaini
The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

Funding: JLab work supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. Work at William & Mary and Virginia Tech supported by the Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC-0014475
Although SRF accelerators are an invaluable research tool they can be painfully expensive to construct and operate at the current level of SRF technology. This cost is significantly due to the necessity to operate at a temperature of only 2K. Considerable research is currently underway into next generation SRF cavity technologies such as Ndoping and Nb3Sn coating. Both of these technologies will lower the cryogenic load of accelerators, correspondingly lowering both construction and operating costs. However, current understanding of either technology is incomplete and in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms there is a need to push current characterization methods forward. In this work, ion beam techniques (e.g. focused ion beam (FIB)), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were applied to help understand Nb3Sn coating mechanisms. This presentation will focus on characterization, providing examples of EBSD work, along with discussion of some of the issues encountered while trying to produce high quality EBSD data.

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MOPVA146

Optimization of Carbon Treatments at CNAO

dipole, extraction, feedback, acceleration

1197

L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy

CNAO facility is treating patients with carbon ion beams since 2012. Often carbon ions are used to treat tumors with great volumes that causes long time irradiations: this represents a complaint for the patient, a limit in the number of treatable patients per day and an increase in the cost of the treatment itself. An effort has been done in the last year to increase the particle intensity in order to reduce the irradiation time for the carbon treatments: this article illustrates the changes in the machine done to achieve this goal.

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MOPVA147

High Energy Transport Line Orbit Correction at CNAO

dipole, kicker, proton, synchrotron

1200

L. Falbo, E. Bressi, C. Priano
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy

CNAO is the only Italian facility for the cancer treatment with protons and carbon ions. Each treatment needs hundreds of energies in the range of the tumor and needs a great precision in terms of beam position and divergence at the target. Goal of the article is to show the layout of the CNAO high energy lines and the strategy that has been used to optimize the transport and set the beam trajectory.

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TUXB1

Non-destructive Beam Profile Monitors

electron, photon, vacuum, focusing

1234

C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

This paper will present an overview and comparison between beam induced fluorescence, residual gas ionization and gas jet based beam profile monitors, based on recent experimental and theoretical results at different labs. The achievable image/profile quality and resolution limits will be discussed, along with design consideration for different particle species and primary beam energies. Details may be provided about different classic and novel approaches to gas jet shaping, including nozzle-skimmer and Freznel Zone Plate configurations. Finally, particular challenges such as those arising from monitoring multiple beams in parallel (e.g. proton and electron beam in HLLHC) and solutions for targeting the energy limit within the HLLHC project will be presented.

Slides TUXB1 [12.557 MB]

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TUPAB032

Development of a Cryogenic GaAs DC Photo-Gun for High-Current Applications

electron, cathode, cryogenics, vacuum

1391

S. Weih, T. Eggert, J. Enders, M. Espig, Y. Fritzsche, N. Kurichiyanil, M. Wagner
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work supported by DFG (GRK 2128) and BMBF (05H15RDRB1)
For high-current applications of GaAs photocathodes it is necessary to maximize the charge lifetime of the cathode material to ensure reliable operation. By means of cryogenic cooling of the electrode, the local vacuum conditions around the source can be improved due to cryogenic adsorption of reactive rest-gas molecules at the surrounding walls. Furthermore, the cooling also allows a higher laser power deposited in the material, resulting in higher currents that can be extracted from the cathode. Ion-backbombardment is expected to be reduced using electrostatic bending of the electrons behind the cathode. To measure the characteristics of such an electron source, a dedicated set-up is being developed at the Photo-CATCH test facility in Darmstadt.

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TUPAB145

Alignment of Electron and Ion Beam Trajectories in Non-Magnetized Electron Cooler

solenoid, electron, alignment, ISOL

1672

S. Seletskiy, M. Blaskiewicz, A.V. Fedotov, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.J. Michnoff, I. Pinayev
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The cooling section (CS) of the low energy RHIC electron cooler (LEReC) consists of two 20 m long parts each containing six solenoids with trajectory correctors placed inside the solenoids and the BPMs located downstream of each solenoid. The solenoids are used to minimize the scalloping of the electron beam envelope. To obtain the cooling it is required to keep the overall RMS electron angles in the cooling section below 100 urad. Possible mechanical misalignment, such as shift and inclination of the CS solenoids can cause an unacceptable misalignment of the e-beam trajectory with respect to the ideal trajectory set by ions. Therefore, it is critical to perform a beam based alignment of the CS solenoids. In this paper we suggest a procedure for such an alignment.

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TUPAB148

Investigation of a Splitring-RFQ for High Current Ion Beams at Low Frequencies

rfq, resonance, impedance, simulation

1680

M. Baschke, H. Podlech, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

For hadron linacs RFQs are the first stage of acceleration. To reach high intensities a new Splitring-RFQ is investigated. Not only a high current and high beam quality/brilliance should be achieved, also a good tuning flexibility and comfort for maintenance are part of the study. It will consist of two stages with 27 MHz and 54 MHz to accelerate ions with an A/q of 60 up to energies of 200 keV/u. Therefor RF simulations with CST MWS were done to study the quality factor and the shunt impedance as well as tuning possibilities. First results and the status of the project will be presented.

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TUPIK002

H-, D-, C2-: A Comparison of RF andFilament Powered Volume-Cusp Ion Sources

ion-source, electron, plasma, extraction

1685

S.V. Melanson, M.P. Dehnel, D.E. Potkins
D-Pace, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
H.C. McDonald, C. Philpott
BSL, Auckland, New Zealand

Today's industrial ion source applications often require high beam currents with long source lifetime and low maintenance. Filament powered ion sources produce high beam currents but are limited by the short lifetime (~5000 mA*h) of the filament, while RF ion sources with external antennas do not require such maintenance. By changing the filament back plate of our TRIUMF licensed ion source to the ceramic window, planar coil antenna and 13.56 MHz RF amplifier of our University of Jyväskylä licensed ion source, we are able to directly compare the effect of the two technologies for powering sources on negative ion production in volume-cusp ion sources for the case of H-, D- and C2- using our ion source test facility.

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TUPIK020

Application of Optical Emission Spectroscopy to High Current Proton Sources

plasma, proton, electron, diagnostics

1721

G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, E. Naselli, L. Neri, D. Nicolosi, R. Reitano, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
F. Leone
INAF-OACT, Catania, Italy
M. Mazzaglia, R. Reitano
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
E. Naselli
Catania University, Catania, Italy
B. Zaniol
Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy

Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) represents a very reliable technique to carry out non-invasive measurements of plasma density and plasma temperature in the range of tens of eV. Instead of other diagnostics, it also allows to characterize the different populations of neutrals and ionized particles constituting the plasma. At INFN-LNS, OES techniques have been developed and applied to characterize the plasma generated by the Flexible Plasma Trap, an ion source used as testbench of the proton source built for European Spallation Source. This work presents the characterization of the parameters of a hydrogen plasma in different conditions of neutral pressure, microwave power and magnetic field profile along with the perspectives for further upgrades of the OES diagnostics system.

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TUPIK021

Microwave Injection and Coupling Optimization in ECR and MDIS Ion Sources

plasma, ion-source, coupling, ECRIS

1724

G. Torrisi, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, D. Mascali, E. Naselli, L. Neri, G. Sorbello
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
E. Naselli
Catania University, Catania, Italy
G. Sorbello
University of Catania, Catania, Italy

The fundamental aspect of coupling between microwave and plasma of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) and Microwave Discharge Ion Source (MDIS) is hereinafter treated together with ad hoc microwave-based plasma diagnostics, as a key element for the next progress and variations with respect to the classical ECR heating mechanism. The future challenges for the production of higher-charge states, higher beam intensity, and high absolute ionization efficiency also demand for the exploration of new heating schemes and synergy between experiments and modeling. An overview concerning microwave transport and coupling issues in plasma-based ion sources for particle accelerator will be given in the paper, along with perspectives for the design of next generation sources.

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TUPIK030

Characterization of the AMIT Internal Ion Source With a Devoted DC Extraction Test Bench

ion-source, cathode, electron, cyclotron

1740

D. Obradors-Campos, M.B. Ahedo, J.M. Barcala, J. Calero, P. Calvo, M.A. Domínguez, E.F. Estévez, J.M. Figarola, L. García-Tabarés, D. Gavela, P. Gómez, A. Guirao, J.L. Gutiérrez, J.I. Lagares, D. López, L.M. Martínez, J. Munilla, C. Oliver, J.M. Pérez Morales, I. Podadera, E. RodrÃguez GarcÃa, F. Toral, R. Varela, C. Vázquez
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
R. Iturbe, B. López
ANTEC Magnets SLU, Vizcaya, Spain

Funding: Work partially funded under the Resolution of the Spanish Ministery of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness dated May 24 th, 2016 and project FIS2013-40860-R
With the main aim of a compact machine for 18F and 11C radioisotope production, AMIT cyclotron relies on a superconducting 4T magnet with an internal cold cathode PIG ion source for H⁻ production. Given the limited access to the ion source in the cyclotron as well the reduced number of beam diagnostics, an experimental facility was proposed for the commissioning of such ion source. The versatility of this test bench, which includes a movable puller, gives us the opportunity to validate and characterize the ion source behavior as well as to optimize the H⁻ production. In a first stage, the discharge characteristics of the ion source has been studied in the CIEMAT IST facilities.

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TUPIK047

FAIR Control Centre (FCC) - Concepts and Interim Options for the Existing GSI Main Control Room

controls, operation, experiment, proton

1791

M. Vossberg, K. Berkl, S. Reimann, P. Schütt, R.J. Steinhagen, G. Stephan
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) which is presently under construction, extends and supersedes the existing GSI. Present operation still largely relies on laborious manual tuning based on analogue signals routed directly to the existing control room. The substantial scope increase from 3 to more than 8 FAIR accelerators requires more intricate and precise control across longer accelerator chains, while providing a high degree of multi-user operation, with facility reconfiguration required on time-scales of a few times per week. A new FAIR Control Centre (FCC) is being planned to accommodate the required larger accelerator crews as well as accelerator-based experiments. While targeting a single control room for up to ~35 people, emphasis is put on ergonomics, operational processes, and minimising unnecessary strain on personnel already during the design stage. This contribution presents digital control room concepts, console layout, and beam-production-chain paradigms aimed at achieving good operational performances and that influence the new FCC design. Prior to FCC completion, interim upgrade options of the existing control room are being investigated.

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TUPIK122

Bunch-by-Bunch Feedback Kickers for SPEAR3

kicker, impedance, feedback, vacuum

2012

K. Tian, W.J. Corbett, J.D. Fox, S.M. Gierman, R.O. Hettel, X. Huang, A.K. Krasnykh, N. Kurita, D.J. Martin, J.A. Safranek, J.J. Sebek
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Q. Lin
DongHua University, Songjiang, People's Republic of China
D. Teytelman
Dimtel, San Jose, USA

SPEAR3 operates with a large cross-section copper vacuum chamber, mode-damped RF cavities and low-impedance insertion devices. As a result, the beam is passively stable for 280-bunch circulating beam current up to 500ma when the background gas pressure is low. In the future, more small-gap insertion devices will be installed and plans are underway to implement resonant bunch-crabbing for the ultrafast x-ray research program. These requirements drive the need for a fast, bunch-by-bunch feedback system to control beam instabilities, remove unwanted satellite bunches and resonantly crab select bunches on demand. In this paper we present a conceptual design for the transverse bunch-by-bunch stripline kickers.

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TUPVA013

Lifetime of Asymmetric Colliding Beams in the LHC

simulation, luminosity, proton, coupling

2067

J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.A. Jebramcik, T. Mertens, M. Schaumann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the 2013 proton-nucleus (p-Pb) run of the LHC, the lifetime of the lead beam was significantly shorter than could be accounted for by luminosity burn-off. These effects were observed at a lower level in 2016 and studied in more detail. The beams were not only asymmetric but the differences in the bunch filling schemes between protons and Pb nuclei led to a wide variety of beam-beam interaction sequences in the bunch trains. The colliding bunches were also of different sizes. We present an analysis of the data and an interpretation in terms of theoretical models.

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TUPVA014

The 2016 Proton-Nucleus Run of the LHC

luminosity, proton, experiment, operation

2071

J.M. Jowett, R. Alemany-Fernández, G. Baud, P. Baudrenghien, R. De Maria, R. De Maria, D. Jacquet, M.A. Jebramcik, A. Mereghetti, T. Mertens, M. Schaumann, H. Timko, M. Wendt, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

For five of the LHC experiments the second p-Pb collision run planned in 2016 offered the opportunity to answer a range of important physics questions arising from the surprise discoveries (e.g., flow-like collective phenomena in small systems) made in earlier Pb-Pb, p-Pb and p-p runs. However the diversity of the physics and their respective capabilities led them to request very different operating conditions, in terms of collision energy, luminosity and pile-up. These appeared mutually incompatible within the available one month of operation. Nevertheless, a plan to satisfy most requirements was developed and implemented successfully. It exploited different beam lifetimes at two beam energies of 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV, a variety of luminosity sharing and bunch filling schemes, and varying beam directions. The outcome of this very complex strategy for repeated re-commissioning and operation of the LHC included the longest ever LHC fill with luminosity levelled for almost 38 h. The peak luminosity achieved exceeded the design value by a factor 7.8 and integrated luminosity substantially exceeded the experiments' requests.

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TUPVA020

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN: Ion Injector Chain

injection, extraction, luminosity, kicker

2089

H. Bartosik, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, T. Bohl, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, B. Goddard, S. Hancock, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, V. Toivanen, F.J.C. Wenander
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC injector chain for Pb-ion beams at CERN consists of Linac3, the accumulator ring LEIR, the PS and the SPS. In the context of the LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) project an intense program of machine development studies has been performed in the last two years to maximise the intensity of Pb-ion beams at LHC injection. In this paper we present an analysis of the operational performance achieved so far, with the goal of 1) identifying the remaining performance bottlenecks along the chain and possible areas for improvement, and 2) to optimize the Pb-ion beam production scheme for the High Luminosity (HL-) LHC era. A consistent set of beam parameters for the HL-LHC era has been established taking into account the already achieved improvements as well as foreseen upgrades still to be implemented, such as slip stacking in the SPS.

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TUPVA055

Further Investigations for a Superconducting cw-LINAC at GSI

linac, cavity, heavy-ion, solenoid

2197

W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu
HIM, Mainz, Germany
M. Basten, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
S. Yaramyshev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

For superconducting (sc) accelerator sections operating at low and medium beam energies very compact accelerating-focusing structures are strongly required, as well as short focusing periods, high accelerating gradients and very short drift spaces. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is going to use heavy ion beams with extremely high peak current from UNiversal Linear ACcelerator (UNILAC) and the synchrotron SIS18 as an injector for the SIS100. To keep the GSI-Super Heavy Element program competitive on a high level and even beyond, a standalone sc continuous wave LINAC in combination with the upgraded GSI High Charge State injector is envisaged. In preparation for this, testing of the first LINAC section (financed by HIM and GSI) as a demonstration of the capability of 216 MHz multi gap Crossbar H-structures (CH) is still ongoing, while an accelerating gradient of 9.6 MV/m (4K) at a sufficient quality factor has been already reached in a horizontal cryostat. As a final R&D step towards an entire LINAC three advanced cryo modules, each comprising two short CH cavities, should be built until 2019, serving for first user experiments at the coulomb barrier.

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TUPVA056

Ionization Loss and Dynamic Vacuum in Heavy Ion Synchrotrons

injection, vacuum, synchrotron, heavy-ion

2201

L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Dynamic vacuum effects, induced by charge exchange processes and ion impact driven gas desorption, generate an intensity limitation for high intensity heavy ion synchrotrons. In order to reach ultimate heavy ion intensities, medium charge state heavy ions are used. The cross sections for charge exchange in collisions with residual gas molecules for such beams are much higher, than for highly charged heavy ion beams. Therefore high pumping power is required to obtain a very low static residual gas pressure and to suppress vacuum dynamics during operation. In modern heavy ion synchrotrons different techniques are employed: NEG-coating, cryogenic pumping, and low-desorption ion-catcher. The unique StrahlSim code allows the comparison of different design options for heavy ion synchrotrons. Different aspects of dynamic vacuum limitations are summarized, such as the dependence on different injection parameter. A comparison between a room temperature and a cryogenic synchrotron from the vacuum point of view is given.

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TUPVA057

Design Study for a Prototype Alvarez-Cavity for the Upgraded Unilac

cavity, DTL, operation, quadrupole

2205

M. Heilmann, X. Du, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, S. Mickat, A. Rubin
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Seibel
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The design study describes the prototype Alvarez-tank of the new post-stripper of the UNILAC. A prototype with 17 drift tubes (including quadrupole singulets) of 3 m of total length and 2 m of diameter will be manufactured. This cavity features new drift tube shape profiles to provide for high shunt impedance at a maximum electric surface field of 1 Ek. Additionally, it allows realization and high power testing of an optimized stem configuration for field stabilization. In case of successful tuning and long-term operation at high power level, it shall be used as a first of series cavity of the new UNILAC post-stripper DTL.

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TUPVA059

Overcoming the Space Charge Limit: Development of an Electron Lens for SIS18

electron, gun, space-charge, injection

2211

D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Apse-Apsitis
Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
K. Schulte
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The 'Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research' (FAIR) presently under construction will deliver intense ion beams to its experimental users. The requested intensities require filling the existing synchrotron SIS18, which serves as injector to FAIR, up to the space charge (SC) limit. Operation under these conditions is challenging due to the large tune footprint of the beam, demanding delicate control of adverse effects caused by machine imperfections to avoid emittance growth and beam loss. To facilitate the high intensity operation, the installation of an electron lens for SC compensation into SIS18 is foreseen. This requires an electron beam of a current of several amperes with longitudinal and transverse distributions matched to those of the ion beam during the cycle. The electron beam needs to be RF modulated at a bandwidth of a few MHz with time varying amplitude ranging from DC to fully modulated, while the transverse size needs to be continuously adapted to the adiabatically shrinking ion beam. This contribution reports on the requirements on an electron lens for SC compensation in SIS18.

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TUPVA061

Beam Dynamics Study for the HIM&GSI Heavy Ion SC CW-LINAC

cavity, linac, acceleration, simulation

2217

S. Yaramyshev, W.A. Barth, M. Heilmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, M. Miski-Oglu
HIM, Mainz, Germany
W.A. Barth, S. Yaramyshev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
M. Basten, M. Busch, F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A sc cw-linac with variable output energy from 3.7 to 7.5 MeV/u for ions with mass to charge ratio of A/Z<6 is recently under development at HIM and GSI. Following the results of the latest RF-tests with the newly constructed sc CH-DTL cavity, even heavier ions up to Uranium 28+ could be potentially accelerated with the already reached higher RF-voltage. Also the possibility for an up to 10 MeV/u increased output energy, using the same 13 independent cavities, is under consideration. All these options require an advanced beam dynamics layout, as well as a versatile procedure for transverse and longitudinal beam matching along the entire linac. The proposed algorithms are discussed and the obtained simulation results are presented.

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TUPVA067

The KONUS IH-DTL Proposal for the GSI UNILAC Poststripper Linac Replacement

linac, emittance, quadrupole, DTL

2230

H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: BMBF 05P15RFRBA
The GSI UNILAC will serve as the main injector for the upcoming FAIR project. Since the existing Alvarez DTL is in operation for more than 40 years, it has to be replaced to ensure reliable operation in the future. To this purpose a compact and efficient linac design based on IH-type cavities and KONUS beam dynamics has been designed at IAP Frankfurt*. It consists of five 10⁸ MHz IH-type cavities that can be operated by the existing UNILAC RF amplifier structure. The transversal focusing scheme is based on magnetic quadrupole triplet lenses. The optimized design provides full transmission and low emittance growth for the design current of 15 emA U²⁸⁺ accelerating the beam from 1.4 MeV/u to 11.4 MeV/u. Extensive error studies were performed to define tolerances and verify the stability of the design with respect to misalignment and injection parameters. The design provides a compact and cost efficient alternative to a new Alvarez linac. With a total length of just 22.8 meters it will leave room for future energy upgrades in the UNILAC tunnel.
* H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede, Efficient Heavy Ion Acceleration with IH-Type Cavities for High Current Machines in the Energy Range up to 11.4 MeV/u, in Proc. LINAC2016, paper TUPLR070

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TUPVA072

Conceptual Injector Design for an Electron-Ion-Collider Front-End

rfq, linac, heavy-ion, cavity

2246

H. Podlech, M. Busch, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R.C. York
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

An electron-hadron collider (EIC) could be the next large-scale nuclear physics facility in the United States. A hadron linac with a final energy of 40 AMeV (heavy ions) and up to 130 MeV for protons with an upgrade path to higher energies is required as the first step of the hadron accelerator chain. From a cost point of view superconducting technology seems to be the better choice above an energy of about 5 AMeV compared to a room temperature (rt) solution. This paper describes the conceptual design of a rt front-end up to an energy of 5 AMeV appropriate as initial element of the EIC hadron linac. It consists of two separate injectors based on efficient H-mode cavities, one optimized for heavy ions (Pb³⁰⁺) and the other optimized for protons and deuterons. Beam dynamics and first RF simulations are presented.

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TUPVA077

The Phase Slip Factor of the Electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR

storage-ring, quadrupole, cryogenics, simulation

2255

M. Grieser, R. Hahn, S. Vogel, A. Wolf
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany

For the determination of the momentum spread of an ion beam from the measurable revolution frequency distribution the knowledge of the phase slip factor of the storage ring is necessary. At various working points of the cryogenic storage ring CSR installed at the MPI for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg the slip factor was simulated and compared with measurements. The predicted functional relationship of the slip factor and the horizontal tune depends on the different islands of stability, which has been experimentally verified. This behavior of the slip factor is in clear contrast to magnetic storage rings. In the paper we compare the results of the simulations with the measurements

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TUPVA085

First Experiences with HESR Stochastic Cooling System

kicker, pick-up, hardware, impedance

2278

R. Stassen, B. Breitkreutz, T. Katayama, N. Shurkhno, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
T. Katayama
Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
L. Thorndahl
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The stochastic cooling system of the HESR (High Energy Storage Ring) is based on completely new structures especially designed for the HESR. Each beam surrounding slot of these so called slot-ring couplers covers the whole image current without a reduction of the HESR aperture and without any plunging system. One pickup and one kicker have been already fabricated and installed into the COSY ring to demonstrate stochastic cooling in all three dimensions with only one structure. First results of commissioning with proton beams will be presented. The longitudinal cooling system at HESR is based on filter cooling with an optical notch-filter and ToF cooling. The demanding accuracy concerning phase stability requires dedicated control of the notch-frequency. The optical COSY filter has been modified and can be proven in long term runs together with the new stochastic cooling system.

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TUPVA087

ADIGE: The Radioactive Ion Beam Injector of the SPES Project

plasma, ECR, rfq, extraction

2281

A. Galatà, L. Bellan, G. Bisoffi, M. Comunian, L. Martin, M.F. Moisio, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, G.P. Prete, C. R. Roncolato
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project is presently under development at INFN-LNL: aim of this project is the production, ionization and post-acceleration of radioactive ions to perform forefront research in nuclear physics. An ECR-based charge breeder (SPES-CB) will allow post-acceleration of radioactive ions: in particular, the SPES-CB has been designed and developed by LPSC of Grenoble, based on the Phoenix booster. It will be equipped with a complete test bench totally integrated with the SPES beam line: this part of the post-accelerator, together with the newly designed RFQ, composes the so-called ADIGE injector for the superconducting linac ALPI. The injector will employ a unique Medium Resolution Mass Spectrometer (MRMS, R=1/1000), mounted downstream the SPES-CB, in order to avoid the typical drawback of the ECR-based charge breeding technique, that is the beam contamination. This contribution describes the ADIGE injector, with particular attention to the analysis of possible contaminations and the performances expected for the MRMS, showing the beam dynamics calculations for a reference radioactive beam.

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TUPVA096

Detection of H⁰ Particles in MEBT2 Chicane of J-PARC Linac

vacuum, linac, diagnostics, detector

2308

J. Tamura, H. Ao, T. Maruta, A. Miura, T. Morishita, K. Okabe, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Nemoto
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), H⁰ particles generated by collisions of accelerated H⁻ beams with residual gases are considered as one of the key factors of the residual radiation in the high energy accelerating section of the linac. To diagnose the H⁰ particles, the new beam line for analyzing H⁰ and H⁻ particles was installed in the second medium energy beam transport (MEBT2), which is the matching section from the separated-type drift tube linac (SDTL) to the annular-ring coupled structure linac (ACS). The analysis line consists of four dipole magnets for giving the H⁻ beam chicane orbit, and a wire scanner monitor (WSM) for measuring the horizontal shift of the H⁻ beam. To detect the H⁰ particles, a carbon plate is installed to the WSM. In the beam commissioning, we detected the signals of H⁰ particles penetrating the plate and observed the transition of the signal with various vacuum condition in the SDTL section.

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TUPVA102

Effect of Beam Losses on Radio Frequency Quadrupole

rfq, proton, experiment, operation

2325

Q. Fu, P.P. Gan, S.L. Gao, F.J. Jia, H.P. Li, Y.R. Lu, Z. Wang, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB845503)
Most of existing high-current RFQs in the world encounter the degrade of beam transmission or unstable operation, even RF ramping can't go up to nominal design voltage after several years or long time beam commissioning. One of the main reasons is that the irradiation damage to electrode surface, caused by beam losses, influences RF performance of RFQ cavity. This is especially serious for high-current RFQ. By simulation and irradiation experiments, proton irradiation damage to copper target has been studied. The simulation results showed that normally incident proton beams with input energy lower than 1 MeV damage the copper surface in the range of one skin depth at 162.5 MHz, which indicated that almost all the lost beams with small incident angles impact RF performance of RFQ cavity. By the irradiation experiments, the damage within 60 nm depth from surface was proved to have a greater impact on surface finish. The conclusion is that low energy beam losses also need to be kept as low as possible to prolong the life of the RFQ electrodes, especially in high-current RFQ design.

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TUPVA105

Development Progress of the 7MeV Linac Injector for the 200MeV Synchrotron of Xi'an Proton Application Facility

rfq, linac, DTL, ion-source

2336

Q.Z. Xing, C.B. Bi, C. Cheng, D. Dan, C.T. Du, T.B. Du, X. Guan, Q.K. Guo, Y. Lei, K.D. Man, C.-X. Tang, R. Tang, D. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W.Q. Guan, Y. He, J. Li
NUCTECH, Beijing, People's Republic of China
E.Y. Qu, B.C. Wang, Z.M. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China

We present, in this paper, the development progress of the 7MeV Linac for the 200MeV synchrotron of the Xi'an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). The 7 MeV linac injector is composed of the 50 keV negative hydrogen ion source, Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), 3 MeV four-vane type Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, 7 MeV Alvarez-type Drift Tube Linac (DTL), and the corresponding RF power source system. The 2.45 GHz microwave-driven Cesium-free Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) source and LEBT will be commissioned in this year, and the peak current of the extracted H⁻ beam at the exit of the LEBT is expected to be 6 mA, with the output energy of 50 keV, maximum repetition rate of 0.5 Hz, beam pulse width of 10~40 microseconds and normalized RMS emittance of less than 0.2 PI mm mrad. Furthermore, the construction status of the RFQ accelerator and DTL accelerator will be presented in this paper.

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TUPVA108

Development of 1 MeV/n RFQ for Ion Beam Irradiation

rfq, cavity, ion-source, vacuum

2343

H.S. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning).
For the purpose of the ion beam irradiation, especially for helium beam application to semiconductor industry, an ion beam RFQ is under development at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex). The output energy of the RFQ is determined to be 1 MeV/n, which corresponds to 4 MeV in helium beam case, in consideration of the penetration depth in the silicon substrate. The RFQ is a four-vane type and will be fabricated through vacuum brazing technique. The RF power of 130 kW at 200 MHz will be provided to the RFQ by using a solid-state RF amplifier through two coaxial RF couplers with coaxial RF windows. The details of the RFQ development including some design features and fabrication methods will be given in this paper.

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TUPVA111

Design of the Secondary Particle Production Beam Line at KOMAC

target, proton, ion-source, neutron

2346

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.J. Dang, H.S. Kim, Y.G. Song, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A 100-MeV proton linac is under operation since 2013 at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) and provides the accelerated proton beam to various users from the research institutes, universities and industries. To expand the utilization fields of the accelerator, we are planning to develop a target ion source to produce a secondary particle such as Li-8 based on the existing linac. A test beam line was designed to supply proton beam to target ion source. Details on the beam line design are presented.

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TUPVA113

The Feature of Magnetic Field Formation of Multi-Purpose Isochronous Cyclotron DC280

cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, ion-source

2352

I.A. Ivanenko, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
V.P. Kukhtin, E.A. Lamzin, S.E. Sytchevsky
NIIEFA, St. Petersburg, Russia

At the present time the activities on creation of the new heavy-ion isochronous cyclotron DC280 are carried out at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The isochronous cyclotron DC-280 will produce accelerated beam of ions A/Z= 4 - 7 with a smooth variation of the beam energy W= 4 ' 8 MeV/n. The variation of energy is provided by the wide range of the magnetic field levels from 0.64T till 1.32T and usage of the 11 radial and 4 pairs of harmonic correcting coils. In the work the results of calculations and final measurements of the magnetic field are presented. The magnetic field of cyclotron DC-280 is formed in a good conformity with results of computer modeling.

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TUPVA114

Nuclotron New Beam Channels for Applied Researches

target, heavy-ion, radiation, ion-source

2355

E. Syresin, A.V. Butenko, O.S. Kozlov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
A.V. Bakhmutova, A.V. Bogdanov, R. Gavrilin, A. Golubev, A.V. Kantsyrev, D.A. Liakin, N.V. Markov, V.A. Panyushkin, V. Skachkov, S.A. Visotski
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Three new experimental areas are organized for applied physics researches in frame of realization of the accelerator facility NICA. New beamlines are under development for applied researches on Nuclotron accelerator. The ion beams with energy of 250-800 MeV/n extracted from Nuclotron will be used for the radio-biological and materials research and modeling of the cosmic rays interactions with microchips. The equipment of two experimental stations is designed by JINR-ITEP collaboration for these applied researches. The design of the magnetic system, the beam diagnostic equipment, the target stations are developed in frame of this project. The design and construction of these beamlines and experimental stations are planned in 2017-2020. Low ion energy station will be installed in 2021-2023 inside the transportation channel from heavy ion linac HILAC. Two new stations for applied researches will be constructed in 2021-2023 with ion beams at energy up 4.5 GeV/u.

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TUPVA116

Commissioning of the New Heavy Ion Linac at the NICA Project

rfq, linac, ion-source, heavy-ion

2362

A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.V. Mialkovskiy, D.O. Ponkin, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
A.M. Bazanov, B.V. Golovenskiy, V. Kobets, V.A. Monchinsky, A.V. Smirnov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Höltermann, D. Mäder, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany

The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR, Dubna. This complex is assumed to operate using two injectors: modernized old Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as the injector of light polarized ions and a new Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator HILAc - injector of heavy ions beams. The new heavy ion linac accelerate ions with q/A values above 0.16 to 3.2 MeV/u is under commissioning. The main components are 4-Rod-RFQ and two IH drift tube cavities is operated at 100.6 MHz. Main results of the HILAc commissioning with carbon beam from the laser ion source are discussed.

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TUPVA117

Commissioning of New Light Ion RFQ Linac and First Nuclotron Run with New Injector

rfq, linac, operation, proton

2366

A.V. Butenko, A.M. Bazanov, D.E. Donets, K.A. Levterov, D.A. Lyuosev, A.A. Martynov, V.V. Mialkovskiy, D.O. Ponkin, R.G. Pushkar, V.V. Seleznev, K.V. Shevchenko, I.V. Shirikov, A.O. Sidorin
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
S.V. Barabin, A.V. Kozlov, G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy, V.G. Kuzmichev
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A. Belov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
V.V. Fimushkin, B.V. Golovenskiy, A. Govorov, V. Kobets, A.D. Kovalenko, V.A. Monchinsky, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
S.M. Polozov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR, Dubna. This complex is assumed to operate using two injectors: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector of light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILAc - injector of heavy ions beams. Old DC for-injector of the LU-20, which operated from 1974, is replaced by the new RFQ accelerator, which was commissioned in spring 2016. The first Nuclotron technological run with new fore-injector was performed in June 2016. Beams of D⁺ and H²⁺ were successfully injected and accelerated in the Nuclotron ring. Main results of the RFQ commissioning and the first Nuclotron run with new for-injector is discussed in this paper.

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TUPVA123

Status of DESIREE

injection, storage-ring, experiment, detector

2379

A. Simonsson, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Cederquist, K. Chartkunchand, G. Eklund, A. Källberg, P. Löfgren, H. Motzkau, P. Reinhed, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm has been running since 2011(?). In the cold (13 K) environment with an excellent vacuum, very long storage times in both rings have been achieved, which has enabled the preparation of beams in a single quantum state. The status of DESIREE is presented with particular emphasis on measurements of stored beam currents in the sub-nA range. We also discuss the ongoing work towards stochastic cooling of very slow beams.

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TUPVA125

LINAC5: A Quasi-Alvarez LINAC for BioLEIR

linac, rfq, DTL, quadrupole

2385

J.M. Garland, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

LINAC5 is a new linac proposed for the acceleration of light ions with Q/A = 1/3 to 1/4 for medical applications within the BioLEIR (Low Energy Ion Ring) design study at CERN. We propose a novel quasi-Alvarez drift-tube linac (DTL) accelerating structure design for LINAC5, which can reduce the length of a more conventional DTL structure, yet allows better beam focussing control and flexibility than the inter-digital H (IH) structures typically used for modern ion acceleration. We present the main sections of the linac with total length 12 m, including a 202 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) a matching medium energy beam transport (MEBT) and a 405 MHz quasi-Alvarez accelerating section with an output energy of 4.2 MeV/u. Permanent magnet quadrupoles are proposed for use in the quasi-Alvarez structure to improve the compactness of the design and increase the efficiency. Lattice design considerations, multi-particle beam dynamics simulations and RFQ and radio frequency (RF) cavity designs are presented.

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TUPVA128

Performance of the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies into the LHC during the Second Proton-Lead Run

injection, emittance, proton, extraction

2395

R. Alemany-Fernández, S.C.P. Albright, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, W. Bartmann, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, T. Bohl, E. Carlier, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, A. Findlay, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, A. Huschauer, M.A. Jebramcik, S. Jensen, J.M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, T. Mertens, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, A. Saá Hernández, M. Schaumann, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, H. Timko, V. Toivanen, G. Tranquille, F.M. Velotti, F.J.C. Wenander, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC performance during the proton-lead run in 2016 fully relied on a permanent monitoring and systematic improvement of the beam quality in all the injectors. The beam production and characteristics are explained in this paper, together with the improvements realized during the run from the source up to the flat top of the LHC. Transmission studies from one accelerator to the next as well as beam quality evolution studies during the cycle at each accelerator, have been carried out and are summarized in this paper. In 2016, the LHC had to deliver the beams to the experiments at two different energies, 4 Z TeV and 6.5 Z TeV. The properties of the beams at these two energies are also presented

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TUPVA138

Status of the Warm Front End of PIP-II Injector Test

rfq, kicker, ion-source, linac

2421

A.V. Shemyakin, M.L. Alvarez, R. Andrews, C.M. Baffes, J.-P. Carneiro, A.Z. Chen, P. Derwent, J.P. Edelen, D. Frolov, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, V.L. Sista, J. Steimel, D. Sun, A. Warner
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
V.L. Sista
BARC, Mumbai, India

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) at Fermilab is a program of upgrades to the injection complex. At its core is the design and construction of a CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ SRF linac. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator known as PIP-II Injector Test is under construction. It includes a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2 m-long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, followed by a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) that feeds the first of 2 cryomodules increasing the beam energy to about 25 MeV, and a High Energy Beam Transport section (HEBT) that takes the beam to a dump. The ion source, LEBT, RFQ, and initial version of the MEBT have been built, installed, and commissioned. This report presents the overall status of the warm front end.

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TUPVA139

Characterization of the Beam from the RFQ of the PIP-II Injector Test

rfq, emittance, quadrupole, ion-source

2425

A.V. Shemyakin, J.-P. Carneiro, B.M. Hanna, L.R. Prost, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, V.L. Sista, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
V.L. Sista
BARC, Mumbai, India

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
A 2.1 MeV, 10 mA CW RFQ has been installed and commissioned at the Fermilab's test accelerator known as PIP-II Injector Test. This report describes the measurements of the beam properties after acceleration in the RFQ, including the energy and emittance.

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TUPVA145

Commissioning of the New SNS RFQ and 2.5MeV Beam Test Facility

rfq, emittance, target, ion-source

2438

A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, M.T. Crofford, B. Han, Y.W. Kang, A.A. Menshov, A. Webster, R.F. Welton, A.P. Zhukov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
B.L. Cathey, C.C. Peters
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
SNS injector uses a four-vane 402.5MHz RFQ for accelerating the H⁻ beam with 38mA peak current and 7% duty factor to 2.5MeV. The original RFQ, commissioned in 2002, has been able to support SNS operation up to the design average beam power of 1.4MW. However, several problems have developed over almost fifteen years of operation. A new RFQ with design changes addressing the known problems has been built and commissioned up to the design beam power at the new SNS Beam Test Facility (BTF). The BTF consists of a 65 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2.5MeV RFQ, a beam line with advanced transverse and longitudinal beam diagnostics and a 6 kW beam dump. This presentation provides results of the RFQ commissioning and the BTF beam instrumentation commissioning. We also discuss progress of the ongoing multidimensional phase space characterization experiment and future beam dynamics study planned at the SNS BTF.

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WEOAA1

Commissioning of SPIRAL2 CW RFQ and Linac

rfq, linac, proton, cryomodule

2462

R. Ferdinand, P.-E. Bernaudin, P. Bertrand, M. Di Giacomo, H. Franberg, A. Ghribi, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle, F. Varenne
GANIL, Caen, France
D. Uriot
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The SPIRAL2 88 MHz CW RFQ is designed to accelerate light and heavy ions with A/Q from 1 to 3 at 0.73 MeV/A. The nominal beam intensities are up to 5 mA CW for both proton and deuteron beams and up to 1 mA CW for heavier ions. The design foresees almost 100% transmission for all ions at nominal beam current and emittance. Beam commissioning of the RFQ and linac cool down started already. The specifications have been achieved within the measurement precision for the different ions accelerated yet. This paper describes the beam commissioning strategy, the measurement results in both transverse and longitudinal planes and the success-fully first cryogenic tests of the linac.

Slides WEOAA1 [11.515 MB]

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WEOBB2

Beam Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Source Developed at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source

proton, emittance, plasma, ion-source

2530

L. Neri, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, A. Miraglia, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

At the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) the beam commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) started in November 2016. Beam stability at high current intensity is one of the most important parameter for the first steps of the ongoing commissioning. Promising results were obtained since the first source start with a 6 mm diameter extraction hole. The increase of the extraction hole to 8 mm allowed improving PS-ESS performances and obtaining the values required by the ESS accelerator. In this work, extracted beam current characteristics together with Doppler shift and emittance measurements are presented, as well as the description of the next phases before the installation at ESS in Lund.

Slides WEOBB2 [2.457 MB]

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WEOCB2

Superconducting Magnets at FAIR

dipole, quadrupole, operation, superconducting-magnet

2546

E.S. Fischer, A. Bleile, J. Ceballos Velasco, V.I. Datskov, F. Kaether, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, H. Müller, C. Roux, P.J. Spiller, K. Sugita
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

For the FAIR (Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerators, various technologies of superconducting magnets have been developed. In total, 613 superconducting magnets are required for the FAIR modularized start version. For the heavy ion synchrotron SIS100, which is the central accelerator under construction, fast ramped, iron dominated superconducting magnets of the Nuclotron type will be used. Due to the high beam intensity operation desired for SIS100, highest precision and reproducibility is requested for the iron yoke of these magnets. For the dipole magnets of SIS100 the series production has already been released. In parallel, the Super-FRS will be built for the generation of radioactive beams and for isotope separation. Huge aperture superconducting dipole magnets and multiplet modules are required for the main separator of the Super-FRS. For testing of the various types of sc magnets, three test facilities at GSI, JINR and CERN have been set-up. We give an overview on the modern design aspects for the different magnet types and their first test results and the preparation of the appropriate test facilities.

Slides WEOCB2 [12.633 MB]

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WEPAB026

BRho-Dependent Taylor Transfer Maps for Super-FRS Dipole Magnets

dipole, simulation, radiation, multipole

2631

E.S. Kazantseva, O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Berz, R. Jagasia, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
H. Weick, J.S. Winfield
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The Super-FRS is an in-flight projectile fragment separator being built at GSI for FAIR. Due to the required high design momentum resolution and large acceptance (Ah= ±40mrad, Av= ±20mrad) the dipole magnets of the Super-FRS have large apertures (38×14cm²). The wide design magnetic rigidity (BRho) range 2-20 Tm requires the variation of the main dipole magnetic field B0 in the range 0.16-1.6 T. Since the upper third of the B0 range is situated in a non-linear saturation region of the magnetization curve B(H) and the spatial distribution of magnetic permeability in the steel yoke is non-uniform, the field distribution in the useful aperture of the magnet is a non-linear and non-uniform function of the excitation current I. One consequence is the shortening of the effective length and the change of the field distribution with increasing I. In this study we analyze these effects for the Super-FRS dipole magnets. We use 3D field distribution from FEM simulations for different I values and a resulting BRho(I). From the fields the Taylor transfer maps for the particles are obtained using DA techniques (COSY-infinity) and the convergence of the resulting transfer maps is discussed.

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WEPAB068

Residual Gas in the Vacuum System of the Solaris 1.5GeV Electron Storage Ring

vacuum, storage-ring, electron, injection

2734

A.M. Marendziak, S. Piela, M.J. Stankiewicz, A.I. Wawrzyniak, M. Zając
Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
E. Al-Dmour
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Solaris is a third generation light source constructed at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. The machine was designed by the MAX IV Laboratory team. The replica of the 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference of a vacuum system was successfully built and now the synchrotron facility is after the 3rd phase of commissioning. Recent installation of the Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) in the storage ring allows now for evaluation of the residual gas composition. Within this paper the result of residual gas analysis in the vacuum system of storage ring during different states of the machine will be presented. Result of vacuum performance regarding beam cleaning and beam lifetime will be presented. Moreover, the NEG strips performance will be evaluated and reported.

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WEPAB137

Cold Muonium Negative Ion Production

electron, target, collider, plasma

2898

V.G. Dudnikov, M.A. Cummings, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
A.V. Dudnikov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Charged muons as Muonium negative ions (consisting of positive Mu-meson and 2 electrons) have affinity S=0.75 eV. Muonium have ionization energy I=13.6 eV. Muonium negative ions were observed in 1987 [10, 11] by interaction of muons with a foil. In these work an efficiency of transformation of mu mesons to negative musonium ions were very low 10^-4. However, with using Tungsten or palladium single crystal with deposition cesium it can be improved up to 40-50%.

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WEPIK025

Spectral Diagnostics of Argon Plasma in a 10mm Aperture Plasma Window

plasma, electron, cathode, vacuum

2978

P.P. Gan, S. Huang, Y.R. Lu, S.Z. Wang, Z.X. Yuan, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A 10 mm diameter 60 mm long plasma window has been designed and managed to generate arc discharge with argon gas experimentally in Peking University. Based on the previous experiments and simulations, we have measured the electron temperature and density of the plasma via argon spectral diagnostics, and analyzed the conditions to satisfy the criterion of local thermal equilibrium (L.T.E). The electron temperature is in the range of 12000 K to 16000 K. The electron density is in the range of 2.2×10¹⁶ cm^-3 to 3.2×10¹⁶ cm^-3, increasing with discharge current and gas flow rate. The results indicate that our argon plasma is in the L.T.E status. The sealing pressure characteristics of the plasma window is mentioned as well.

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WEPIK035

Adapting the JLEIC Electron Ring for Ion Acceleration

booster, lattice, electron, dipole

3007

B. Mustapha, Z.A. Conway, J.L. Martinez Marin, P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, USA
Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for ANL and by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
A key component of the recently proposed alternative design approach for the JLab-EIC (JLEIC) ion complex is to consolidate the electron storage ring (e-ring) as a large booster for the ions*. A preliminary parameter study showed that it is possible to do so for different design options of the e-ring. In this paper we will report on the adaptation of the e-ring lattice to accelerate ions. After studying the beam dynamics at the injection and extraction energies, we will determine the RF requirements for ion acceleration, in particular the number of required accelerating sections and their locations. The effect of this potential lattice change on the electron beam will be investigated. In a second stage, we will focus on the spin manipulation and determine if the spin rotators and flippers available for the electron could be used for the ions.
* An Alternative Approach for the JLEIC Ion Accelerator Complex, B. Mustapha et al, Proceedings of NAPAC-2016, October 9-14, Chicago, IL.

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WEPIK038

Acceleration of Polarized Protons and Deuterons in the Ion Collider Ring of JLEIC

collider, resonance, polarization, proton

3014

V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The figure-8-shaped ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is transparent to the spin. It allows one to preserve proton and deuteron polarizations using weak stabilizing solenoids when accelerating the beam up to 100 GeV/c. When the stabilizing solenoids are introduced into the collider's lattice, the particle spins precess about a spin field, which consists of the field induced by the stabilizing solenoids and the zero-integer spin resonance strength. During acceleration of the beam, the induced spin field is maintained constant while the resonance strength experiences significant changes in the regions of interference peaks. The beam polarization depends on the field ramp rate of the arc magnets. Its component along the spin field is preserved if acceleration is adiabatic. We present the results of our theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of the spin dynamics during acceleration of protons and deuterons in the JLEIC ion collider ring. We demonstrate high stabil-ity of the deuteron polarization in figure-8 accelerators. We analyze a change in the beam polarization when crossing the transition energy.

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WEPIK041

Update on the JLEIC Electron Collider Ring Design

sextupole, electron, emittance, lattice

3018

Y.M. Nosochkov, Y. Cai, M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, F.C. Pilat, G.H. Wei, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.-H. Wang
Self Employment, Private address, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under US DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work supported by the US DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
We present an update on the lattice design of the electron ring of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC). The electron and ion collider rings feature a unique figure-8 layout providing optimal conditions for preservation of beam polarization. The rings include two arcs and two intersecting long straight sections containing a low-beta interaction region (IR) with special optics for detector polarimetry, electron beam spin rotator sections, ion beam cooling sections, and RF-cavity sections. Recent development of the electron ring lattice has been focused on minimizing the beam emittance while providing an efficient non-linear chromaticity correction and large dynamic aperture. We describe and compare three lattice designs, from which we determine the best option.

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WEPIK043

Modeling Local Crabbing Dynamics in the JLEIC Ion Collider Ring

lattice, cavity, emittance, luminosity

3022

S.I. Sosa Guitron, J.R. Delayen
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) design considers a 50 mrad crossing angle at the Interaction Point. Without appropriate compensation, this could geometrically reduce the luminosity by an order of magnitude. A local crabbing scheme is implemented to avoid the luminosity loss: crab cavities are placed at both sides of the interaction region to restore a head-on collision scenario. In this contribution, we report on the implementation of a local crabbing scheme in the JLEIC ion ring. The effects of this correction scheme on the stability of proton bunches are analyzed using the particle tracking software elegant.

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WEPIK044

Effects of Crab Cavitiy Multipoles on JLEIC Ion Ring Dynamic Aperture

multipole, cavity, dynamic-aperture, dipole

3025

S.I. Sosa Guitron, S.U. De Silva, J.R. Delayen
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
V.S. Morozov
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

We study the effects of crab cavity multipole fields on the beam dynamic aperture of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) ion ring. Crab cavities are needed to compensate for luminosity loss due to a 50 mrad crossing angle at the interaction point. New compact crab cavity designs are interesting as they do not require considerable space in the ring but their non-linear field needs to be well understood. In this contribution, we study the impact of field multipoles on the beam dynamic aperture and report tolerance values for crab cavity multipoles.

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WEPIK047

Frequency Choice Studies of eRHIC Crab Cavity

luminosity, cavity, electron, simulation

3028

Y. Hao, Y. Luo, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Crab crossing scheme is essential collision scheme to achieve high luminosity for the future electron-ion collider (EIC). Since the ion beam is long when cooling is not present, the nonlinear dependence of the crabbing kick may present a challenge to the beam dynamics of the ion beam, hence a impact to the luminosity lifetime. In this paper, we present the initial result of the weak-strong and strong-strong beam-beam tracking with the crab crossing scheme. The result provides beam dynamics guidance in choosing the proper frequency the crab cavity for the future EIC.

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WEPIK094

LEIR Impedance Model and Coherent Beam Instability Observations

impedance, injection, space-charge, electron

3159

N. Biancacci, H. Bartosik, A. Huschauer, E. Métral, T.L. Rijoff, B. Salvant, R. Scrivens
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Migliorati
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

The LEIR machine is the first synchrotron in the ion acceleration chain at CERN and it is responsible to deliver high intensity ion beams to the LHC. Following the recent progress in the understanding of the intensity limitations, detailed studies of the machine impedance started. In this work we describe the present LEIR impedance model, detailing the contribution to the total longitudinal and transverse impedance of several machine element. We then compare the machine tune shift versus intensity predictions against measurements at injection energy and summarize the coherent instability observations in absence of transverse damper feedback.

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WEPVA014

Status of R&D on New Superconducting Injector Linac for Nuclotron-NICA

linac, proton, simulation, injection

3282

G.V. Trubnikov, A.V. Butenko, N. Emelianov, A.O. Sidorin, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T.A. Bakhareva, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, S.V. Matsievskiy, S.M. Polozov, A.V. Samoshin, N.P. Sobenin, D.V. Surkov, K.V. Taletskiy, S.E. Toporkov, V. Zvyagintsev
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Bakinowskaya, A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, D.A. Shparla, S.V. Yurevich, V.G. Zaleski
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
M.A. Baturitski, S.A. Maksimenko
INP BSU, Minsk, Belarus
S.E. Demyanov
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
V.A. Karpovich
BSU, Minsk, Belarus
T. Kulevoy, S.M. Polozov
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Kurayev, V.V. Matbeenko, A.O. Rak
Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR), Minsk, Belarus
V.N. Rodionova
Belarussian State University, Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, Belarus
A.O. Sidorin
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The new collaboration of JINR, NRNU MEPhI, INP BSU, PTI NASB, BSUIR and SPMRC NASB starts in 2015 the project of linac-injector design in 2015. The goal of new linac is to accelerate protons up to 25 MeV (and up to 50 MeV at the second stage) and light ions to ~7.5 MeV/u for Nuclotron-NICA injection. Current results of the linac general design and development, beam dynamics simulations, SC cavities design and SRF technology development are presented in this report.

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WEPVA017

Efficiency Enhancement Induced by a Precursor Electron Bunch in Quasi-Phase Matched Direct Laser Acceleration

plasma, electron, focusing, laser

3289

C.-Y. Hsieh, S.-H. Chen
NCU, Chung Li, Taiwan
I. Jovanovic
NERS-UM, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
M.W. Lin
National Tsing-Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan by Grant MOST 104-2112-M-008-013-MY3 and the United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency through contract HDTRA1-11-1-0009
Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of an electron bunch can be achieved by utilizing the axial field of a well-guided, radially polarized laser pulse in a density-modulated plasma waveguide*. However, the ponderomotive force of a TW-class laser pulse excites a plasma wave that can generate a defocusing electrostatic field, which significantly deteriorates the transverse properties of the injected electron witness bunch**. To improve the quality of the accelerated witness bunch, an additional leading electron bunch, termed as a precursor, is introduced to generate ion-focusing force to effectively confine the trailing witness bunch. We conducted three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the effect of bunch charge, transverse size of the precursor, and the axial separation between the precursor and the witness bunch on the efficacy of DLA. Results indicate that the transverse properties of the witness bunch can be maintained and the overall DLA efficiency can be improved, when a favorable ion-focusing force is provided by the precursor.
* A. G. York, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 195001 (2008).
** M. -W. Lin et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 093109 (2014).

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WEPVA030

FAIR SIS100 - Features and Status of Realisation

cryogenics, operation, dipole, synchrotron

3320

P.J. Spiller, U. Blell, L.H.J. Bozyk, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, J. Henschel, P. Hülsmann, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, P. Kowina, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Mühle, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, V.P. Plyusnin, I. Pongrac, N. Pyka, P. Rottländer, C. Roux, J. Stadlmann, B. Streicher, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

SIS100 is a unique heavy ion synchrotron designed for the generation of high intensity heavy ion and Proton beams. New features and solutions are implemented to enable operation with low charge state heavy ions and to minimize ionization beam loss driven by collisions with the residual gas. SIS100 aims for new frontier and world wide leading Uranium bam intensities. A huge effort is taken to stabilized the dynamics of the residual gas pressure and to suppress ion induced desorption. Fast ramped superconducting magnets have been developed and are in production with highest precision in engineering and field quality, matching the requirements from beams with high space charge. A powerful equipment with Rf stations for fast acceleration, pre- and final compression, for the generation of barrier buckets and provision of longitudinal feed-back shall allow a flexible handling of the ion bunches for the matching to various user requirements. Results obtained with FOS (first of series) devices, status of realisation and technical challenges resulting from the demanding goals, will be presented.

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WEPVA034

ELENA - From Installation to Commissioning

antiproton, injection, experiment, ion-source

3327

T. Eriksson, W. Bartmann, P. Belochitskii, L. Bojtár, H. Breuker, F. Butin, C. Carli, B. Dupuy, P. Freyermuth, L.V. Jørgensen, B. Lefort, J. Mertens, R. Ostojić, S. Pasinelli, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W. Oelert
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut für Physik, Mainz, Germany

ELENA (Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring) is an upgrade project at the CERN AD (Antiproton Decelerator). The smaller ELENA ring will further decelerate 5.3 MeV antiprotons from the AD ring down to 100 keV using electron cooling to obtain good deceleration efficiency and dense beams. An increase of up to two orders of magnitude in trapping efficiency is expected at the AD experiments. This paper will report on the current status of ELENA where beam commissioning of the ring is now taking place. Phase one of the project installation has been completed with ring and injection lines in place, while phase two will finalize the project with installation of 100 keV transfer lines connecting the experiments to ELENA and is planned to take place in 2019/2020.

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WEPVA040

Design of Imaginary Transition Gamma Booster Synchrotron for the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC)

injection, optics, booster, lattice

3350

S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains a non- exclusive, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
Baseline design of the JLEIC booster synchrotron is presented. Its aim is to inject and accumulate heavy ions and protons at 285 MeV, to accelerate them to about 7 GeV, and finally to extract them into the ion collider ring. The Figure-8 ring features two 260 deg. achromatic arcs configured with negative momentum compaction lattices, designed to avoid transition crossing for all ion species during the course of acceleration. The arc optics is based on a lightly perturbed 90 deg. FODO, with missing dipoles every fourth half-cell, where the horizontal dispersion is driven partly negative for the inward bending arc leading to negative momentum compaction. The lattice also features a specialized high dispersion injection insert optimized to facilitate the transverse phase-space painting in both planes for multi-turn ion injection. Furthermore, the lattice has been optimized to mitigate magnet error sensitivity and to ease chromaticity correction with two families of sextupoles in each plane. The booster ring is configured with super-ferric, 3 Tesla bends. We are presently launching optimization of the booster synchrotron design to operate in the extreme space-charge dominated regime.

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WEPVA049

Vacuum- and Bake-Out-Testbenches for the HESR at FAIR

dipole, vacuum, quadrupole, heavy-ion

3366

H. Jagdfeld, M. Bai, U. Bechstedt, N. Bongers, P. Chaumet, F.M. Esser, F. Jordan, F. Klehr, G. Langenberg, G. Natour, U. Pabst, D. Prasuhn, L. Semke, F. Zahariev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is one part of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI Darmstadt. Forschungszentrum Jülich (IKP and ZEA-1) is responsible for the design and development of the HESR. The HESR is designed for antiprotons and heavy ion experiments as well. Therefore the vacuum is required to be 10^-11 mbar or better. To achieve this also in the curved sections, where 44 bent dipole magnets are installed, NEG coated dipole chambers will be used to reach the needed pumping speed and capacity. For activation of the NEG a bake-out system is needed. Two test benches were installed to investigate the required equipment needed to reach this low pressure: A vacuum test bench to investigate the influence of different types and quantity of vacuum pumps for the straight sections of the HESR A bake-out test bench for checking the achievable end pressure and develop the bake-out system for the NEG coated dipole chambers in the curved sections of the HESR The results of the tests and the bake-out concept including the layout of the control system and the special design of the heater jackets inside the dipoles and quadrupoles are presented.
1 Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics- Engineering and Technology ZEA-1
2 Institute for nuclear physics

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WEPVA050

Developments for the Injection Kicker Vacuum System of the HESR at FAIR

vacuum, injection, kicker, controls

3369

F. Zahariev, M. Bai, N. Bongers, P. Chaumet, F.M. Esser, R. Gebel, H. Glückler, S. Hamzic, H. Jagdfeld, B. Laatsch, W. Lesmeister, L. Reifferscheidt, M. Retzlaff, L. Semke, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
G. Natour
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany

The Research Center Jülich has taken the leadership of a consortium being responsible for the design and manufacturing of the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) going to be part of FAIR. The HESR is designed both for antiprotons and for heavy ion experiments. The injection kicker system of the HESR is located directly behind the septum and consists of two pumping crosses for pumps and measurement devices as well as two vacuum tanks housing the four ferrite magnets which will be operated with 40 kV, 4kA. As well as the magnets, the adjustments frames and the electrical feedthroughs will be installed inside the tanks. Due to the large surface of the magnets the injection kicker system will be very sensitive with regard to the achievable vacuum quality that is expected to be in the order of 10^-11 mbar or better. Thus the vacuum system is designed to heat up to 250°C. In order to investigate the achievable end pressure and to develop the heating system a test facility was constructed. The actual vacuum layout of the injection kicker system as well as the experimental test results will be presented and in similar the layout of the control system of the test facility will be described.

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WEPVA053

New Extraction Line for the Lns Cyclotron

extraction, cyclotron, emittance, quadrupole

3378

L. Calabretta, A. Calanna, G. D'Agostino, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. D'Agostino
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy

The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron will be modified to allow the extraction by stripper of ion beams with power up to 10 kW. By choosing properly the position of the stripper foils and of the corrector magnetic channels, it is possible to convoy the trajectories of the selected representative ion beams across a new extraction channel. It is mandatory to design a new extraction line to transport these beams to the existing beam transport line. The extracted beams have an energy spread of about ±0.4%, so, the new extraction line has to compensate the correlation energy-position of the beam and to produce an achromatic waist of the beam at the common starting point of the existing transport lines. The main changes of the cyclotron will be briefly described and the performance and the features of the new extraction line will be presented too.

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WEPVA054

Study of The New Return Yoke for The Upgraded Superconducting Cyclotron of INFN-LNS

extraction, cyclotron, experiment, acceleration

3381

A. Calanna, L. Allegra, L. Calabretta, G. Costa, G. D'Agostino, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato, A.D. Russo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. D'Agostino
Universita Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy

The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) has been working for 20 years making available a wide range of ions and energies. Its operational diagram is peculiar and many experiment are performed each year. In the near future a major upgrade is planned. This will allow to overcome the major limitation of the CS, which is the beam power limited at 100 W. In the new version of the CS, the extracted beam power will be increased up to a factor 100. This improvement will be reached adding a new extraction line dedicated to a specific set of light ions and energies extracted by stripping. The new design could affect the beam dynamics strongly. Indeed, the iron yoke penetrations don't respect the three folds symmetry of our cyclotron. This inhomogeneity produces unwanted field harmonics, which have to be reduced as much as possible to avoid beam precession or second order effects. Here the study accomplished to minimize the perturbation of the non-three fold field symmetry using the current sheet approximation (CSA) is presented, along with the state-of-art configuration of the updated cyclotron

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WEPVA056

Development of an Induction Accelerator Cell Driver Utilizing 3.3 kV SiC-MOSFETs

operation, induction, power-supply, synchrotron

3388

K. Okamura, K. Takayama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Takayama
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

A novel synchrotron called an induction synchrotron (IS) was developed at KEK in 2006*. In the IS, charged particles are accelerated by pulse voltages driven by switching modulators employing high-speed semiconductor switches. As the switches are turned on and off by gate signals corresponding to the revolution frequency of the ion bunches, switching frequency reaches up to MHz order. The switching power supply (SPS) that generates bipolar pulses is one of the key technologies for the DA. The rating of SPS is roughly 2.5kV-20A-1MHz. To accomplish these requirements, we adopted 7 series connected Si-MOSFET for the switching devices of the 1st generation SPS. However it was too large and complicated for the future practical accelerator driver. Therefore we started to develop the next generation of SPS utilizing silicon carbide (SiC) devices, since they have inherently excellent properties such as high breakdown electric field high drift velocity, and high thermal conductivity**. In this paper, we describe the pulse switching test results of a prototype SiC-MOSFET and the test results of the prototype SPS.
* K. Takayama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, no.5, pp.054801(1)-054801(4) (2007).
**H. Okumura, Japanese J. Appl. Phys. vol.45, no.10A, pp. 7565-7586, Oct. 2006.

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WEPVA077

Design of the Control System of Pulsed Power Supplies for WHMM Injection Bump Magnets

controls, injection, FPGA, synchrotron

3442

J. Zhao, D.Q. Gao, H. Zhang, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The injection bump system of the synchrotron of the Wuwei Heavy-ion Medical Machine(WHMM) consists of four horizontal bump magnets to merge the injection beam with the circulating beam. In order to control the injection beam with sufficient accuracy, the bump mag-nets need four pulsed power supplies with high speed, precision, reliability. The power supplies, whose IBGT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) are working in the linear area, are required to output the maximum current of 2900A. Furthermore, the current pulse is activated by synchronous triggering events, the current pulse frequen-cy is required about 30Hz, and that the pulse current falling edge should be less than 60us. In this paper, a control system for the pulsed power supplies was described in details. The commissioning results showed that the control system owned high reliability and flexible and that beam could be injected effectively into the synchrotron of the WHMM. In addition, one on-line current pulse waveform is shown in the result section.

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WEPVA090

The Vacuum System of MAX IV Storage Rings: Installation and Conditioning

vacuum, storage-ring, synchrotron, linac

3468

E. Al-Dmour, M.J. Grabski
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The installation of the vacuum system of the 3 GeV storage ring was started in November 2014 and finished in May 2015. In August 2015 the commissioning of the storage ring started, the first stored beam has been achieved on the 15th of September 2015. The installation of the vacuum system of the 1.5 GeV storage ring was done from September 2015 and the main part finished in December 2015, the connection to the Linac with the transfer line has been done in August 2016. In September 2016 the commissioning of the 1.5 GeV storage ring started with the first stored beam achieved on the 30th of September 2016. The vacuum system conditioning for the two rings was successful; the average dynamic pressure reduction and the increase in the lifetime with the accumulated beam dose is a demonstration of the good performance of the vacuum system. The installation procedure and the results of the conditioning together with the latest developments are introduced here.

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THPAB006

Nuage, Ion Cloud Tracker

simulation, electron, storage-ring, injection

3692

A. Gamelin, C. Bruni, D. Radevych
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: Work is supported by ANR-10-EQPX-51, by grants from Région Ile-de- France, IN2P3 and Pheniics Doctoral School.
NUAGE is a data parallel Matlab code which simulates the ion cloud effect in electron storage rings. The ion cloud is tracked in the ring taking into account the transverse and longitudinal effect of the beam-ion interaction, tracking in magnetic elements, usage of electrodes and gaps as clearing means. This program has been used to compute ionised ion equilibrium state and its neutralisation factor. In this article the NUAGE code is presented. The model, analysis method and performances are discussed.

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THPAB016

Investigation on the Ion Motion Towards Clearing Electrodes in an Accelerator

electron, simulation, linac, software

3723

G. Pöplau
COMPAEC e.G., Rostock, Germany
A. Meseck
HZB, Berlin, Germany

High brightness beams provided by linac-based accelerators require several measures to preserve their high quality and to avoid instabilities, where the mitigation of the impact of residual ions is one of these measures, in particular if high repetition rates are aimed for. Over the last decade three ion-clearing strategies: clearing electrodes, bunch gaps and beam shaking have been applied to counteract the degrading impact of the ions on the electron beam. Currently, their merit as clearing strategies for next generation high brightness accelerators such as energy recovery linacs (ERLs) are under intensive investigations with both simulations and measurements. In this paper, we present numerical studies for the behavior of ions generated by electron bunch passages within the field of electrodes. The objective is to investigate the ion motion towards the electrodes and to study under which circumstances and up to which ratio, equilibrium between ion generation and ion-clearing is established. Hereby several ion species and shapes of electrodes are considered with typical parameters of future high current linacs.

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THPAB022

Ion Instability in SuperKEKB Phase I Commissioning

simulation, feedback, betatron, vacuum

3741

K. Ohmi, H. Fukuma, Y. Suetsugu, M. Tobiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Ion instability has been observed in SuperKEKB phase I commissioning. Unstable modes, their growth rates, tune shift were measured. Frequency of the unstable modes is slower than theoretical prediction and the growth rate is also slower. We discuss possible model to explain the measurements.

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THPAB030

Studies on Collective Instabilities in HEPS

impedance, injection, operation, damping

3763

N. Wang, Z. Duan, C. Li, S.K. Tian, H.S. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a new designed photon source at beam energy of 6 GeV. Due to the small beam size and increased coupling impedance with the restricted beam pipe aperture, the collective effects may bring new challenges to the physical design of the machine. The collective instabilities are estimated for different operation mode. The critical instability issues are also identified for each mode.

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THPAB034

Generation of Short Intense Heavy-Ion Pulses in HIAF

acceleration, injection, heavy-ion, cavity

3774

D.Y. Yin, H. Du, L.J. Mao, G.D. Shen, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The HIAF is a new accelerator complex under design at IMP to provide intense primary and radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, high energy density physics and other applications. As a key part of HIAF, the Booster Ring (BRing) is designed to accumulate and accelerate heavy ion beams provided by iLinac up to high intensity and energy. The high quality, well focused, strongly bunched intense Uranium beam (U³⁴⁺) with high energy and high intensity of 10¹¹ will open a new area for the HED physics research in laboratory. Based on the beam parameters of 238U³⁴⁺ proposed by the BRing, the two critical issues of producing short bunch with high beam intensity are studied. One is efficiency of adiabatic capture which can be a necessary prerequisite to ensure the beam intensity, and the other one is bunch compression in longitudinal which is an effective way of producing short pulse duration bunch. In this article, the analytical calculations and tracking simulations are described, the capture efficiency and possible bunch length under the action of planning RF system are presented

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THPAB046

SixTrack for Cleaning Studies: 2017 Updates

collimation, scattering, coupling, collider

3811

A. Mereghetti, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, R. De Maria, A. Ferrari, M. Fiascaris, P.D. Hermes, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli, K.N. Sjobak, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France
Y. Zou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

SixTrack is a single particle tracking code for simulating beam dynamics in ultra-relativistic accelerators. It is widely used at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) for predicting dynamic aperture and cleaning inefficiency in large circular machines like the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC). The code is under continuous development, to both extend its physics models, and enhance performance. The present work gives an overview of developments, specifically aimed at extending the code capabilities for cleaning studies. They mainly involve: the online aperture check; the possibility to perform simulations coupled to advanced Monte Carlo codes like Fluka or using the scattering event generator of the Merlin code; the generalisation of tracking maps to ion species; the implementation of composite materials of relevance for the future upgrades of the LHC collimators; the physics of interactions with bent crystals. Plans to merge these functionalities into a single version of the SixTrack code will be outlined.

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THPAB049

Progress in the Understanding of the Performance Limitations in the CERN Low Energy Ion Ring

resonance, sextupole, optics, space-charge

3819

A. Huschauer, H. Bartosik, S. Hancock, V. Kain
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The performance of heavy ion beams in the CERN Low Energy Ion Ring is mainly limited by beam loss occuring during the radio-frequency capture and the first part of acceleration. Since October 2015, the driving mechanism of these losses has been studied in detail and an interplay of direct space charge forces and excited betatron resonances was identified as the most plausible explanation of the phenomenon. In this paper we summarize the current understanding of the loss mechanism by presenting recent experimental and simulation studies. We discuss strategies to mitigate beam loss and further improve the performance of the accelerator in the future.

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THPAB052

Recent Developments in DEMIRCI, the RFQ Design Software

rfq, simulation, software, multipole

3830

E. Celebi
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
O. Cakir, G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin
TAEK - SANAEM, Ankara, Turkey
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA

Funding: This project has been supported by TUBITAK with project number 114F10⁶.
The RFQ design tool DEMIRCI aims to provide fast and accurate simulation of a light ion accelerating cavity and of the ion beam in it. It is a modern tool with a graphical user interface leading to a point and click method to help the designer. This article summarizes the recent developments of DEMIRCI software such as the addition of beam dynamics and 8-term potential coefficient calculations. Its results are compared to other software available on the market, to show the attained compatibility level. Finally the future prospects are discussed.

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THPAB080

Estimations of Coherent Instabilities for JLEIC

electron, impedance, proton, collider

3903

R. Li
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy, Laboratory Directed Research and Development Funding, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177
JLEIC is the medium energy electron-ion collider currently under active design at Jefferson Lab*. The design goals of JLEIC are both high luminosity (1033-1034 cm^-2ses⁻¹) and high polarization (>70%) for the electron and light ion beams, for a wide range of electron and ion beam energies and for a wide spectrum of ion species. The unprecedented luminosity goal for this electron-ion collider sets strong requirements for the understanding and management of potential collective effects in JLEIC. In this paper, we present preliminary estimations of single and coupled bunch coherent instabilities for the electron and proton beams at collision energies for the JLEIC design. Further improvement of the estimations and mitigation methods are discussed.
* MEIC design summary, http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1504/1504.07961.pdf, (2015).

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THPAB084

Integration of the Full-Acceptance Detector Into the JLEIC

dynamic-aperture, detector, collider, solenoid

3912

G.H. Wei, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, F.C. Pilat, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y.M. Nosochkov
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
M.-H. Wang
Self Employment, Private address, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work supported also by the U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
For physics requirements, the JLEIC (Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider) has a full-acceptance detector, which brings many new challenges to the beam dynamics integration. For example, asymmetric lattice and beam envelopes at interaction region (IR), forward detection, and large crossing angle with crab dynamics. Also some common problems complicate the picture, like coupling and coherent orbit from detector solenoid, high chromaticity and high multipole sensitivity from low beta-star at interaction point (IP), collision mode with different energy and ion species. Meanwhile, to get a luminosity level of a few 10³³ cm^-2ses⁻¹, small beta-star are necessary at the IP, which also means large beta in the final focus area, chromaticity correction sections, etc. This sets a constraint on the field quality of magnets in large beta areas, in order to ensure a large enough dynamic aperture (DA). In this context, limiting multipole components of magnets are surveyed to get a standard line. And continuously, multipole magnets as dedicated correctors are studied to provide semi-local corrections of specific multipole components beyond the standard line.

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THPAB096

Automatized Optimization of Beam Lines Using Evolutionary Algorithms

injection, simulation, operation, quadrupole

3941

S. Appel, V. Chetvertkova, W. Geithner, F. Herfurth, U. Krause, S. Reimann, M. Sapinski, P. Schütt
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
D. Österle
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Due to the massive parallel operation modes at GSI accelerators, a lot of accelerator setup and re-adjustment has to be made by operators during a beam time. This is typically done manually using potentiometers and is very time-consuming. With the FAIR project the complexity of the accelerator facility increases further and for efficiency reasons it is recommended to establish a high level of automation for future operation. Modern Accelerator Control Systems allow a fast access to both, accelerator settings and beam diagnostics data. This provides the opportunity to implement algorithms for automated adjustment of e.g. magnet settings to maximize transmission and optimize required beam parameters. The fast-switching magnets in GSI-beamlines are an optimal basis for an automatic exploration of the parameter-space. The optimization of the parameters for the SIS18 multi-turn-injection using a genetic algorithm has already been simulated*. The first results of our automatized online parameter optimization at the CRYRING@ESR injector are presented here.
[*] S. Appel, O. Boine-Frankenheim: Optimization of Multi-turn Injection into a Heavy-Ion Synchrotron using Genetic Algorithms, Proceedings of IPAC2015, Richmond, USA (2015)

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THPAB132

MCP Based Detectors Installation in European XFEL

detector, photon, radiation, laser

4031

E. Syresin, O.I. Brovko, A.Yu. Grebentsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
W. Freund
XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
J. Grünert
European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
M.V. Yurkov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

An important task of the photon beam diagnostics at the European XFEL is providing reliable tools for measurements aiming at the search for and fine tuning of the amplification process in the SASE FEL. Radiation detectors based onμchannel plates (MCP) were prepared for such measurements. These detectors operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the saturation level (between a few nJ to 25 mJ), and in a wide wavelength range from 0.05 nm to 0.4 nm for SASE1 and SASE2, and from 0.4 nm to 5.1 nm for SASE3. Photon pulse energies are measured at the MCP anode and with a photodiode. The transverse photon beam profile is measured by an MCP imager with phosphor screen anode. Three MCP devices are being installed, one in each of the three FEL beamlines (SASE1, SASE2, and SASE3). The units for SASE1 and SASE3 were already installed in the XFEL tunnel, and the technical commissioning of the MCP detectors and their electronics is progressing. Calibration and acceptance test experiments with beam are scheduled for early 2017.

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THPIK002

Development of a Range of High Peak Power Solid-State Amplifiers for Use in the Heavy Ion Linac at JINR, Dubna

cavity, linac, heavy-ion, impedance

4108

S.C. Dillon, J.L. Reid
Tomco Technologies, Stepney, South Australia, Australia
A.V. Butenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Höltermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany

A range of LDMOS based amplifiers rated for up to 340kW peak power and operating at 100.625MHz were developed for use as RF sources for driving cavities in the heavy ion LINAC (HILac) at JINR, Dubna. The final solution had to be compact and competitive while addressing technical challenges such as phase and amplitude stability, long term reliability, reflected power handling and serviceability. Design considerations and performance results are presented.

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THPIK003

Novel RF Structure for Energy Matching into an RFQ

rfq, booster, ISAC, cavity

4111

V. Zvyagintsev, Z.T. Ang, T. Au, N.V. Avreline, J.J. Keir, R.E. Laxdal, M. Marchetto, B.S. Waraich
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
A. Cote
UBC, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: National Research Council of Canada
The ISAC RFQ at TRIUMF is designed to accelerate ions with A/q<=30 and requires an ion injection energy of 2.04 keV/u (β=0.002) for successful matching. This means that the ions (typically radioactive ions produced via the ISOL method) have to be extracted from a source at a terminal voltage in excess of 60 kV. Presently the ISAC target modules cannot hold more than 54 kV (and some lower than this) so that some of the higher masses cannot be successfully accelerated. A small 3-gap RF structure at 11.8 MHz has been designed to provide an energy matching to the RFQ. The structure operates in pi-mode and provides a maximum effective accelerating voltage of 16 kV to the low energy ions. Beam dynamics considerations, RF and mechanical design will be described. First results of RF tests of the structure will be given.

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THPIK049

High Power Conditioning of the DTL-1 for CSNS

DTL, cavity, vacuum, linac

4207

H.C. Liu, Q. Chen, K.Y. Gong
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
M.X. Fan, A.H. Li, B. Li, J. Peng, P.H. Qu, Y. Wang, X.L. Wu
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China

The RF tuning of the first DTL tank for the China spalla-tion neutron source was finished leading to a stabilized-uniform accelerating field. After the installation of the DTL-1 in the linac tunnel, the high power conditioning was carried out deliberately. Consequently a peak RF power of 1.6MW with 25Hz repetition rate and 650'sec pulse width was put into the tank stably. A 3MeV H⁻ ion was injected into the DTL-1 and was successfully accel-erated to 21.6MeV with almost 100% transmission. Dur-ing the operation, The DTL-1 tank worked stable in the design power level. The conditioning details will be pre-sented in this paper.

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THPVA003

Status of the Beam Dynamics Design of the New Post-Stripper DTL for GSI-FAIR

DTL, emittance, quadrupole, simulation

4414

A. Rubin, X. Du, L. Groening, M. Kaiser, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The GSI UNILAC has served as injector for all ion species since 40 years. Its 10⁸ MHz Alvarez DTL providing acceleration from 1.4 MeV/u to 11.4 MeV/u has suffered from material fatigue and has to be replaced by a new section. The design of the new post-stripper DTL is now under development in GSI. Five Alvarez tanks with four intertank sections provide 100% transmission and low emittance growth. The intertank sections allow for a matched solution and provide place for diagnostics. Simulations along the complete Alvarez DTL were done for 238U²⁸⁺ using the TraceWin code. The transversal zero current phase advance is 65' for all tanks. Results of beam dynamics simulations for six different scenarios as well as an error study for the FAIR nominal case are presented.

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THPVA004

Pushing the Space Charge Limit: Electron Lenses in High-Intensity Synchrotrons?

space-charge, electron, synchrotron, resonance

4417

W.D. Stem, O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work is supported by BMBF contract FKZ:05P15RDRBA
Several accelerator projects require an increase in the number of particles per bunch, which is constrained by the space charge limit. Above this limit the transverse space charge force in combination with the lattice structure causes beam quality degradation and beam loss. Proposed devices to mitigate this beam loss in ion beams are electron lenses. An electron lens imparts a nonlinear, localized focusing kick to counteract the (global) space-charge forces in the primary beam. This effort is met with many challenges, including a reduced dynamic aperture (DA), resonance crossing, and beam-beam alignment. This contribution provides a detailed study of idealized electron lens use in high-intensity particle accelerators, including a comparison between analytical calculations and pyORBIT particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.

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THPVA006

Space-Charge Compensation in the Transition Area Between LEBT and RFQ

rfq, injection, electron, simulation

4425

P.P. Schneider, D. Born, V.A. Britten, M. Droba, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, A. Schempp
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
D. Noll
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) #05P15RFRBA and by HORIZON 2020 for the MYRRHA project #662186
The transition from a space charge compensated beam in the LEBT to an uncompensated beam in the RFQ will influence the beam parameters. To investigate the impact of the electric fields on the space charge compensation, an insulated cone is used as a repeller electrode in front of the RFQ. Depending on the time dependent potential of the RFQ rods respectively to the beam potential, the compensation electrons may be prevented from moving into the RF field which oozes out of the RFQ entrance. The simulation studies are performed with the particle-in-cell code bender*. The simulations may substantiate measurements at the CW-operated RFQ in Frankfurt University** as well as at the foreseen MYRRHA LEBT-RFQ interface.*** In this contribution, a study on a LEBT-RFQ interface is shown. Results of numerical and experimental investigations will be compared.
*Noll, D. et al.The Particle-in-Cell Code Bender and Its Application to Non-Relativistic Beam Transport, WEO4LR02, HB'14
**Meusel, O. et al.FRANZ Accelerator Test Bench and Neutron Source.,MO3A03, LINAC'12
***R. Salemme et al.Design Progress of the MYRRHA Low Energy Beam Line, MOPP137, LINAC'14

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THPVA011

Beam Dynamics Studies on Low and Medium Energy Beam Transport With Intense H⁻ Ions for J-PARC Linac

rfq, solenoid, emittance, linac

4439

S. Artikova
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
K. Ikegami, T. Shibata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Y. Kondo
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac was intensity-upgraded up to pulse current of 50 mA of H⁻ beam by replacing the ion source and the Radio Frequency Quadrupole(RFQ). We measured beam properties at the end of low energy beam transport (LEBT) line test stand under several conditions to investigate the transverse halo and space charge effects of an intense H⁻ ions. The LEBT is composed of two solenoid magnets. Furthermore, space charge neutralization effects in the residual gas were considered into account to describe the behavior of the beam phase space evolution. LEBT transmission efficiency, beam losses were estimated and optimization for beam matching into acceptance of the RFQ is studied. Two-solenoid based LEBT section is connected to the RFQ which is followed by a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) line. In this paper, we discuss the outcomes of beam emittance measurements and the results from beam dynamics simulations throughout LEBT and the RFQ acceleration.

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THPVA013

Benchmarking of the ESS LEBT in TraceWin and IBSimu

proton, simulation, rfq, emittance

4445

Ø. Midttun
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Y.I. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, D.C. Plostinar
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The modeling of the proton beam in the ESS accelerator starts with a beam distribution as an input to the TraceWin code currently used as the simulation tool. This input is typically a Gaussian distribution, a distribution from other codes, or data from an emittance measurement. The starting point of these simulations is therefore located somewhere along the low energy beam transport (LEBT) close to the ion source. In this paper, we propose to use IBSimu to model the beam extraction from the ion source, which provides an input beam distribution to TraceWin. IBSimu is a computer simulation package for ion optics, plasma extraction, and space charge dominated ion beam transport. We also present a benchmarking of the beam tracking through the LEBT using both these tools, and propose a transition interface to handover the beam distribution from IBSimu to TraceWin.

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THPVA027

Commissioning and First Results of the IBEX Paul Trap

electron, gun, experiment, focusing

4481

S.L. Sheehy, E. Carr, L. Martin
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
K. Budzik
Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C.R. Prior
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Intense Beam Experiment (IBEX) is a linear Paul trap designed to replicate the dynamics of intense particle beams in accelerators. Similar to the S-POD apparatus at Hiroshima University, IBEX is a small scale experiment which has been constructed and recently commissioned at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Its aim is to support theoretical studies of next-generation high intensity proton and ion accelerators, complementing existing computer simulation approaches. Here we report on the status of commissioning and first results obtained.

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THPVA041

Progress in the Bunch-to-Bucket Transfer Implementation for FAIR

synchrotron, proton, network, Ethernet

4525

T. Ferrand, H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Bachmann
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
J.N. Bai, H. Klingbeil
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Damerau
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The transfer of bunched ion beams between various synchrotrons is required for the multi-accelerator complex FAIR, presently under construction at GSI. To avoid a dedicated distribution infrastructure for radiofrequency (RF) signals between each source and destination synchrotron, a new approach has been developed to transmit bunch and bucket phase information using synchronous Ethernet. This allows to locally regenerate all reference signals needed for the RF synchronization prior to a bunch-to-bucket transfer, as well as the triggers to the kickers. The modular and configurable hardware implementation based on the White Rabbit network progresses towards a proof-of-principle demonstrator. Besides the synchronization of revolution and RF frequencies, the bunches in the source accelerator must be aligned in azimuth with respect to the buckets in the receiving synchrotron. To validate the feasibility of this azimuthal steering, measurements have been performed with protons in the CERN PS to evaluate the longitudinal emittance growth. They are complemented with tracking simulations using the BLonD code.

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THPVA042

Semi-Autonomous Device for Visual Inspection of Vacuum Beamlines of Particle Accelerators

vacuum, synchrotron, diagnostics, heavy-ion

4528

N. Schweizer
Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt, RMR), Darmstadt, Germany
I. Pongrac
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Due to the closed structure of ultra-high vacuum beamline systems, a visual inspection of the internal pipe is hardly feasible. For instance, when opening the accelerator vacuum system, an endoscope can be used to inspect the internals. However, this proves to be impractical in case of large, curved accelerator vacuum systems with complex geometries. It is more efficient to open the system only at one or two locations and to use a mobile semi-autonomous inspection device with optical imaging. A mobile robot is currently under development in our laboratory for the planned heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 at FAIR. A multitude of vacuum chamber types with different height levels as well as gaps must be traversed reliably by the robot. We present a modular wheel-based mobile robot prototype with joints between the modules which let the robot climb to different height levels by lifting the modules successively.

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THPVA054

Research of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source Stripper Foil

vacuum, neutron, injection, proton

4562

J.X. Chen
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
L. Kang, J.B. Yu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.11375217.
In the injection process of spallation neutron source, the effect of the stripper foil is extremely critical, which is the key equipment to realize the conversion of negative hydrogen ions into proton injection. This paper mainly introduces the research of Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) stripper foil. The CSNS stripper foil is a diamond-like carbon (DLC) foil with a thickness of 100 micrograms per square centimetre. This paper introduces the study of the thickness of the CSNS stripper foil, the installation method and the installation process in the tunnel site. Simultaneously, the influence of the gas flow rate of the vacuum chamber on the vibration of the foils is simulated. In the end of this paper, the research plan and follow-up of the experimental equipment of the stripper foil are introduced.

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THPVA061

Study of the Cooling and Vacuum Systems of a Miniature 12 MeV Race-Track Microtron

vacuum, linac, simulation, microtron

4582

Yu.A. Kubyshin, X. Escaler, A. Viladomiu
UPC, Barcelona, Spain
V.I. Shvedunov
SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia

With the aim of optimization, numerical simulations of the cooling and vacuum systems of a compact 12 MeV race-track microtron (RTM) which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia have been carried out. The hydraulic and thermal performance of the cooling system for various flow rates has been studied using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. A CFD model, previously validated with experimental pressure loss results, has permitted to simulate the cooling fluid temperature, inner wall temperatures and heat trans-fer coefficients at different sections of the RTM accelerating structure. Conclusions concerning the current design and its possible optimization are discussed. Simulations of the RTM high vacuum conditions have been performed using the Monte-Carlo simulation package Molflow+. The pressure in the vacuum chamber, pumping tube conductance and maximum allowed throughput have been calculated. Also results of the vacuum chamber pumping out sessions are reported.

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THPVA074

Upgrade Study of the MedAustron Ion Beam Center

extraction, quadrupole, betatron, synchrotron

4619

A. De Franco, T.T. Böhlen, F. Farinon, G. Kowarik, M. Kronberger, C. Kurfürst, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk'odowska-Curie grant agreement No 675265.
MedAustron is a synchrotron-based ion beam therapy center allowing the treatment of tumours with protons and other light ion species, in particular C⁶⁺. Commissioning of the first irradiation room for clinical therapy with proton beams has been completed and in parallel to the commissioning of the remaining two irradiation rooms, a facility upgrade study has started. Our analysis includes considerations for the possibility to introduce different extraction mechanisms, new diagnostic tools, optimization of the accelerator cycle time, ripples mitigation for more accurate active beam stabilization and other improvements for hardware reliability. We present the concept, the main benefits, also in terms of treatment time reduction, and the challenges for implementation. Each option will be investigated including a detailed assessment on resources demand, impact and risk analysis.

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THPVA076

Overview and Status of the MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Accelerator

proton, extraction, synchrotron, quadrupole

4627

M.T.F. Pivi, A. De Franco, F. Farinon, M. Kronberger, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
T.K.D. Kulenkampff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
L.C. Penescu
Abstract Landscapes, Montpellier, France

The synchrotron-based MedAustron accelerator in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, has seen the first clinical beam and has been certified as a medical accelerator in December 2016. This represented a major milestone for the facility whose original design originated more than a decade ago and construction started four years ago. The accelerator is designed to deliver clinical proton beams 60-253 MeV and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/u to three ion therapy irradiation rooms (IRs), including a room with a proton Gantry. Beams up to 800 MeV will be provided to a fourth room dedicated to non-clinical research. Presently, proton beams are delivered to the horizontal beam lines of three irradiation rooms. In parallel, commissioning of the accelerator with Carbon ions and the installation of the Gantry beam line are ongoing. At MedAustron, a third-order resonance extraction method is used to extract particles from the synchrotron in a slow controlled process over a spill time of 0.1-10 seconds to facilitate the measurement and control of the delivered radiation dose during clinical treatments. The main characteristics of the accelerator and the results obtained during the commissioning are presented.

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THPVA082

Multi-Energy Trial Operation of the HIT Medical Synchrotron: Accelerator Model and Data Supply

synchrotron, extraction, acceleration, controls

4644

M. Galonska, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, C. Schömers
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

At the Heidelberg ion beam therapy center (HIT) cancer patients are treated with the raster-scanning dose delivery method of heavy ion pencil beams. The beams are provided by a synchrotron which allows for a variation of the ion penetration depth by changing the ion beam energy for each synchrotron cycle. In order to change the beam energy within one synchrotron cycle the accelerator model and data supply model within the control system have been extended extensively. In this first data supply model beam re-acceleration or deceleration between two arbitrary extraction energies is defined. The model defines an additional transition phase, i.e. current/set value patterns between extraction and the re-acceleration yet giving the possibility of setting the beam properties suitable for further acceleration/deceleration. This includes the dipoles, correctors, quadrupoles, sextupoles, KO-Exciter (spill break), and RF. This allowed for the survey and optimisation of the beam properties including possible beam losses of the re-accelerated, transversally blown up beam for arbitrary energy levels.

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THPVA083

First Tests of a Re-accelerated Beam at Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT)

synchrotron, extraction, operation, acceleration

4647

C. Schömers, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, J.T. Horn, A. Peters
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

In the active raster scanning method performed at HIT since 2009, tumors are irradiated slice-by-slice by changing the extraction energy. The synchrotron provides a library of 255 different extraction-energy levels per ion type, according to the aimed penetration depth. So far, a new synchrotron cycle is started for each iso-energy-slice resulting in a non-optimal duty cycle. In order to reduce treatment time and to increase the number of patients treated per day, synchrotron cycles with several extraction flattops on different energy levels are planned. After completing one iso-energy-slice, remaining particles will be reaccelerated to the adjacent level. As a first test a new data supply model generating patterns for power supplies and RF devices with two different extraction flattops has been implemented recently. The properties of the reaccelerated beam are now under detailed examination. The reaccelerated beam was successfully extracted and guided to the experimental area. Ionization chambers along the beam line clearly show two spills on two different extraction flattops. The desired change of beam energy has been verified by range measurements in a water column.

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THPVA094

Permanent Halbach Magnet Proton and Superconducting Carbon Cancer Therapy Gantries

proton, permanent-magnet, focusing, dipole

4679

D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, B. Parker, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
W. Lou
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Hadron cancer therapy facilities are expanding exponentially as advantages with respect to other radiation treatments are localized energy deposition at the tumor and reduction of side effects. The main problem of expansion is the high cost and large size of the facility. The largest cost is the delivery systems, especially isocentric gantries. We present first, the permanent Halbach gantry with significant reduction in cost and simplified operation as all treatment energies are transported from an accelerator to the patient through the same Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) structure. The superconducting FFAG gantry also transports at one setting all energies required for the cancer treatment of the patient with carbon ions.

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THPVA096

Development of 11C+ Ion Source for Reacceleration With HIMAC for Real-Time Observation of Dose Distribution

cyclotron, proton, dipole, ion-source

4686

A. Noda, S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, K. Noda, T. Shirai, A. Sugiura, K. Suzuki, T. Wakui
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
M. Grieser
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
M. Nakao
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

In order to improve the precision of dose distribution in a patient's body in the case of carbon therapy, realtime measurement of the dose distribution with the use of the so called OPEN PET is desirable. For realization of such a treatment, usage of isotope separator online scheme based on target fragment might be inevitable to keep the needed S/N ratio. From the above requirement, we have been developing 1+ ion source of positron emitting 11C+ ions*, which will be charge breeded before injection into the injector LINAC of the HIMAC. 11C+ ion is to be produced by a high intensity proton beam from a cyclotron. In the real process, a small cyclotron like HM20 might provide the proton beam, but at the development stage, we are planning investigation utilizing proton beam from the AVF cyclotron existing at NIRS with K-number of 110. In the present paper, the total scheme of radioactive ion re-acceleration will be described together with the recent ion source development.
* K. Katagiri et al., Review of Scientific Instruments 87, 02B509 (2016)

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THPVA101

Scanning Irradiation System at SAGA-HIMAT

operation, synchrotron, extraction, lattice

4698

M. Kanazawa, M. Endo, T. Himukai, M. Kitamura, M. Mizota, A. Nakagawara, H. Sato, Y. Shioyama, T. Totoki, Y. Tsunashima
SAGA HIMAT, Saga, Japan

In SAGA-HIMAT, 620 patients have been treated by use of two irradiation rooms in 2015 financial year, where passive irradiation method is adopted. To increase treatment capacity of our facility, we have started the construction of the third treatment room at the beginning of 2014 with a scanning irradiation system. In the new treatment room (room C), there are horizontal and vertical irradiation courses. This construction was required to carry out without interruptions on the treatments in room A and room B. At the end of 2016 financial year, the system tests are almost scheduled to be ready for treatment. In this presentation, we will give obtained performances of our scanning system.

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THPVA103

Design of Injector for Carbon Cancer Therapy

DTL, rfq, linac, ion-source

4704

A. Yamaguchi, K. Nakayama, K. Okaya, K. Sato, T. Takeuchi, J. Watanabe
Toshiba, Yokohama, Japan
N. Hayashizaki
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan

An Injector which consisted of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and Drift Tube Linacs (DTLs) were designed for carbon cancer therapy system. An extraction energy of RFQ was 0.6 MeV/u, an extraction energy of DTLs was 4 MeV/u, frequency is 200MHz. To apply a compact solid-state power amplifier system, we designed one high-Q RFQ and two high-Q DTLs which had a triplet Quadrupole magnet between DTLs.

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THPVA111

Central Region Design for a Superconducting Cyclotron in the HUST Proton Therapy Facility

proton, ion-source, cyclotron, extraction

4716

Z.Y. Mei, K. Fan, S. Hu, L.X.F. Li, Z.J. Zeng, L.G. Zhang
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

A 250 MeV isochronous superconducting cyclotron was adopted in the HUST proton therapy facility. Since the proton beam quality is often limited by the parameters of the central region, special care is given to the design and optimization of the central region to obtain a qualified proton beam using for treatment. An internal proton PIG source with constant arc current is adopted to meet the stability requirements of the beam. Furthermore, a puller followed by an adjustable slit and a fixed vertical collimator are installed to maintain a good centering and vertical focusing beam with maximum intensity. In order to meet the requirement of the intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), a vertical kicker is used just followed the puller. The central region structure is optimized iteratively with the simulation results of the OPERA3D and the CYCLONE code. An optimum central region structure has been obtained with RF phase acceptance is around 24°. This paper presents the design parameters of the central region and the results of the proton beam simulation.

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THPVA121

Focusing and Bunching of Ion Beam in Axial Injection Channel of IPHC Cyclotron TR24

bunching, cyclotron, focusing, solenoid

4733

N.Yu. Kazarinov, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
T. Adam, F.R. Osswald, E.K. Traykov
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

The CYRCé cyclotron (CYclotron pour la ReCherche et l'Enseignement) is used at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien) for the production of radio-isotopes for diagnostics, medical treatments and fundamental research in radiobiology. The TR24 cyclotron produced and commercialized by ACSI (Canada) delivers a 16-25 MeV proton beam with intensity from few nA up to 500 mcA. The solenoidal focusing instead of existing quadrupole one is proposed in this report. The changing of the focusing elements will give the better beam matching with the acceptance of the spiral inflector of the cyclotron. The parameters of the focusing solenoid is found. Additionally, the main parameters of the bunching system are evaluated in the presence of the beam space charge. This system consists of the buncher installed in the axial injection beam line of the cyclotron. The using of the greedless multi harmonic buncher may increase the accelerated beam current and will give the opportunity to a new proton beam applications.

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THPVA131

Biological Effectiveness of Proton and Ion Beam Therapy: Studies Using G4-DNA

proton, simulation, target, experiment

4761

R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
P. Thongjerm
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

We have used the Geant4-DNA program to investigate on a radiobiological level the interaction of various types of particles within cells, to identify relationships between irradiation and damage to DNA, leading to cell death. Although the physical attributes of particle therapy clearly hold a benefit over conventional radiotherapy, the biological effects hold uncertainties, and modelling the way particles interact with tissue on a cellular level can reduce these. The understanding of the energy deposition pattern along the particle track and consequent probabilities of producing DNA cluster breaks enables us to predict the effects of a particle beam on a microscopic level, which can aid treatment planning.

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THPVA133

HEATHER - HElium Ion Accelerator for RadioTHERapy

acceleration, proton, resonance, injection

4768

J. Taylor, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S. Green
University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (nsFFAG) accelerator is being designed for helium ion therapy. This facility will consist of 2 superconducting rings, treating with helium ions (He²⁺ ) and image with hydrogen ions (H + 2 ). Currently only carbon ions are used to treat cancer, yet there is an increasing interest in the use of lighter ions for therapy. Lighter ions have reduced dose tail beyond the tumour compared to carbon, caused by low Z secondary particles produced via inelastic nuclear reactions. An FFAG approach for helium therapy has never been previously considered. Having demonstrated isochronous acceleration from 0.5 MeV to 900 MeV, we now demonstrate the survival of a realistic beam across both stages.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPVA133

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THPVA138

Optimization of Medical Accelerators within the OMA Project

proton, network, medical-accelerators, detector

4787

C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 675265.
Although significant progress has been made in the use of particle beams for cancer treatment, an extensive research and development program is still needed to maximize the healthcare benefits from these therapies. The Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) is the aim of a new European Network. OMA joins universities, research centers and clinical facilities with industry partners to address the challenges in treatment facility design and optimization, numerical simulations for the development of advanced treatment schemes, and in beam imaging and treatment monitoring. This contribution gives an overview of the 15 R&D projects that are covered within the project and reports on initial results.

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FRYAA1

Discovery of the Island of Stability for Super Heavy Elements

neutron, target, detector, heavy-ion

4848

Y.T. Oganessian
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The existence of a region of hypothetical Super Heavy Elements (SHE) forming region (island) with high stability in the vicinity of the doubly magic nucleus 298 114 was postulated in the mid-1960s. For more than 30 years, scientists hard searched for naturally occurring SHEs and unsuccessfully attempted to synthesize them using heavy ion accelerators. Over the past 15 years the breakthroughs in heavy element synthesis has achieved, using rare actinide targets irradiated with 48Ca beams. More than 52 neutron-rich nuclei including the isotopes of the new element 113-118 and their alpha-decay product where synthesized for the first time. SHE with Z> 40% larger than that of Bi show an impressive extension in nuclear survival: the map of the nuclides have extended up to mass number 294, the 7th row of the periodic Table have completed. The talk will cover this achievement and will give an outlook for the field including any plans at the new facilities: SHE-Factory, SPIRAL-2 and others.

Slides FRYAA1 [9.750 MB]

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