A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   K   L   M   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X    

linac

                  
Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOXPA02 SCRF Test Facilities toward the ILC TTF, KEK, DESY, XFEL 5
 
  • K. Saito
    KEK, Ibaraki
  After the ICFA selection of the superconducting linear collider technology in August 2004, many intensive R&D programs are in the planning stage or already underway. Work is proceeding in the three major geographical regions involved in the ILC: Europe(TTF), North America (SMTF) and Asia (STF). In this paper, the global activity represented by these superconducting RF test facilities will be reviewed. Their goals, plans, schedules and possible complementarities will be presented. The performance expected from the different R&D efforts by 2008, and the corresponding contribution to the ILC Technical Design Report, will be especially emphasized.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
MOZAPA02 Commissioning Highlights of the Spallation Neutron Source SNS, target, proton, extraction 29
 
  • N. Holtkamp
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a second generation pulsed neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The SNS is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences and is dedicated to the study of the structure and dynamics of materials by neutron scattering. A collaboration composed of six national laboratories (ANL, BNL, TJNAF, LANL, LBNL, ORNL) is responsible for the design and construction of the various subsystems. With the official start in October 1998, the operation of the full facility has begun in late spring 2006 delivering a 1.0 GeV proton beam with a pulse length of approximately 700 nanoseconds on a liquid mercury target. Within the next two years a beam power of more than one MW should be achieved. The multi-lab collaboration provided a large variety of expertise in order to enhance the beam power delivered by the accelerator by almost an order of magnitude compared to existing neutron facilities. The SNS linac consists of a room temperature and superconducting (sc) structures and is the first pulsed high power sc linac in the world. The compressor ring and the target are the final subsystems that were commissioned during early 06.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
MOZBPA02 A Review of ERL Prototype Experience and Light Source Design Challenges ERL, FEL, gun, superconducting-RF 39
 
  • S.L. Smith
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The presentation will review the status of commissioning of ERL light source prototype projects drawing on experience from the JLab IR FEL, UK's ERL prototype ring and the Cornell injector project. State of the art design for future light source based on ERLs and FELs will be illustrated using the concept for the UK's 4GLS project.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
MOPCH012 FEL Disturbance by Ambient Magnetic Field Changes PETRA, DESY, proton, electron 74
 
  • H. Kapitza, P. Göttlicher, N. Heidbrook, H. Schlarb
    DESY, Hamburg
  The VUV-FEL at DESY in Hamburg (Germany) is mostly located inside the circular accelerator PETRA which serves as an injector for the electron proton collider HERA. SASE was regularly lost in the VUV-FEL when protons were ramped to the injection energy in PETRA. This effect was mediated by magnetic field changes in the order of 1 microtesla, caused by time-dependent uncompensated magnet currents of more than 800 A which made PETRA act like a large current loop. The resulting beam displacements of several hundred micrometers in the undulators proved to be enough to make SASE fail. This serious disturbance of user runs was eliminated by introducing an improved compensation scheme which further limits residual currents in PETRA during proton injection. The consequences of this observation for the design of the XFEL are briefly discussed.  
 
MOPCH019 Baseline Design of the Linac Upgrade for Fermi FEL, controls, laser, ELETTRA 92
 
  • G. D'Auria, P. Craievich, P. Delgiusto, S. Di Mitri, M. Ferianis, M.M. Milloch, G.C. Pappas, G. Penco, M. Trovo
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • L.R. Doolittle, A. Ratti
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The FERMI FEL requires a major upgrade of the existing linac, which needs to be transformed from being the injector for the ELETTRA light source, to becoming the source for the FERMI FEL. In this work, we present the baseline design, including the integration of the 7 additional systems from the LIL linac, and one X-band station as linearizers. We will present the new layout with the required modifications and additions to the existing infrastructure to meet the more demanding needs of the system. Such modifications include a new RF controller, improvements in the modulator stability and an upgrade to the average power capabilities of the system to operate at 50 Hz. Test results from the characterization of the existing systems will be included, as well as plans for future development.  
 
MOPCH028 Status of the SPARX FEL Project emittance, simulation, undulator, brightness 107
 
  • C. Vaccarezza, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bertolucci, M.E. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, L. Cultrera, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • F. Alessandria, A. Bacci, F. Broggi, C. De Martinis, D. Giove, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi, C. Schaerf
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • S. Cialdi, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, M. Rome, L. Serafini
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  • F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Doria, F. Flora, G.P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. Messina, P.L. Ottaviani, G. Parisi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A. Renieri, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • P. Emma
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • L. Ficcadenti, A. Mostacci
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • M. Mattioli
    Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma
  • P. Musumeci
    INFN-Roma, Roma
  • S. Reiche, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  The SPARX project consists in an X-ray-FEL facility jointly supported by MIUR (Research Department of Italian Government), Regione Lazio, CNR, ENEA, INFN and Rome University Tor Vergata. It is the natural extension of the ongoing activities of the SPARC collaboration. The aim is the generation of electron beams characterized by ultra-high peak brightness at the energy of 1 and 2 GeV, for the first and the second phase respectively. The beam is expected to drive a single pass FEL experiment in the range of 13.5-6 nm and 6-1.5 nm, at 1 GeV and 2 GeV respectively, both in SASE and SEEDED FEL configurations. A hybrid scheme of RF and magnetic compression will be adopted, based on the expertise achieved at the SPARC high brightness photoinjector presently under commissioning at Frascati INFN-LNF Laboratories. The use of superconducting and exotic undulator sections will be also exploited. In this paper we report the progress of the collaboration together with start to end simulation results based on a combined scheme of RF compression techniques.  
 
MOPCH041 Design of a New Preinjector for the MAX Recirculator to be Used in EUROFEL gun, emittance, cathode, simulation 130
 
  • S. Werin, M. Brandin, T. Hansen, D. Kumbaro, L. Malmgren, S. Thorin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • J. Bahrdt
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  The MAX-lab recirculator injector will be equipped with a new preinjector system. The aim is to reduce the emittance, increase the charge and achieve a proper timing between accelerator and laser systems. All is aimed at the MAX-lab test facility for HG built in collaboration with BESSY in the EUROFEL program. The preinjector system consists of a photo cathode RF-gun with an emittance compensating solenoid. Special issues regard the injection of the new beam into the beam path of the MAX recirculator and the conservation of beam parameters.  
 
MOPCH047 Study of the Electron Beam Dynamics in the FERMI @ ELETTRA Linac electron, emittance, laser, simulation 145
 
  • M. Cornacchia, P. Craievich, S. Di Mitri
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • I.V. Pogorelov, J. Qiang, M. Venturini, A. Zholents
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • D. Wang
    MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
  • R.L. Warnock
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  A study of the electron beam dynamics in the linac is made within the framework of the design of a free electron laser (FEL) at the Syncrotrone Trieste*. A scope of the work includes analysis of two operational scenarios, one with relatively long electron bunches of the order of 1.5 ps and a moderate peak current of 500 A and one with shorter bunches of the order of 0.7 ps and higher peak current of the order of 800 A. In both cases, care has been taken to preserve the slice and projected emittances formed in the photocathode gun injector and to minimize the slice energy spread. The latter goal is accomplished by balancing the onset of the microbunching instability driven by the longitudinal space charge forces and the emission of coherent synchrotron radiation using Landau damping produced by a so-called laser heater. Various analytical techniques and tracking codes have been employed to obtain the reported results.

*C. Bocchetta, et al., this conference.

 
 
MOPCH048 Linac Coherent Light Source Electron Beam Collimation undulator, collimation, LCLS, cathode 148
 
  • J. Wu, D. Dowell, P. Emma, C. Limborg-Deprey, J.F. Schmerge
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  This paper describes the design and preliminary simulations of the electron beam collimation system in the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) linac. Dark current is expected from the gun and some of the accelerating cavities. Particle tracking of the expected dark current through the entire LCLS linac, from L0-linac exit to FEL undulator entrance, is used to estimate final particle extent in the undulator as well as expected beam loss at each collimator or aperture restriction. A table of collimators and aperture restrictions is listed along with halo particle loss results, which includes an estimate of average continuous beam power lost on each individual collimator. In addition, the transverse wakefield alignment tolerances are calculated for each collimator.  
 
MOPCH049 Trajectory Stability Modeling and Tolerances in the LCLS LCLS, quadrupole, undulator, CSR 151
 
  • J. Wu, P. Emma
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  To maintain stable performance of the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray Free-electron laser, one has to control undulator trajectory stability to a small fraction of the rms beam size. BPM based feedback loops running at 120 Hz will be effective in controlling jitter at low frequencies less than a few Hz. On the other hand, linac and injector stability tolerances must control jitter at higher frequencies. In this paper, we study the possible sources of such high frequency jitter, including: 1) steering coil current regulation; 2) quadrupole (and solenoid) transverse vibrations; 3) quadrupole (and solenoid) current regulation in presence of typical 200-micron misalignments; 4) charge jitter coupling to RF cavity transverse wakefield due to alignment errors; and 5) bunch length jitter coupling to Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in Chicane. Based on this study, we then set tolerances on each item.  
 
MOPCH055 Circulation of a Short, Intense Electron Bunch in the NewSUBARU Storage Ring injection, storage-ring, CSR, radiation 163
 
  • Y. Shoji, Y. Hisaoka, T. Matsubara, T. Mitsui
    NewSUBARU/SPring-8, Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry (LASTI), Hyogo
  • T. Asaka, S. Suzuki
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  One new method is proposed which supplies synchrotron radiation light from a short and intense electron bunch. This method supplies a short and intense x-ray pulse and extremely strong coherent radiation in a long wavelength region to beam lines of a storage ring. SPring-8 linac supplied a short and intense 1.0 GeV electron beam to NewSUBARU storage ring. The electron bunch was compressed to 10ps (full width) from the normal condition (20ps full width) using ECS system. The pulse charge was 0.10nC/bunch and the energy spread was (±) 0.2 % (full width) at the injection point. The ring lattice was adjusted at a quasi-isochronous condition to keep the short bunch for many revolutions. The estimated linear and non-linear momentum compaction factors were -6·10-5 (the linear factor), 0.0 (the second order factor) and +0.9 (the third order factor). The bunch length was measured by a streak camera, and the coherent radiation was detected by a Shottky diode detector. The short bunch was successfully circulated for about 50 turns.  
 
MOPCH057 The Design of a 1.8 keV Compton X-ray Generator for a SC RF Linac at KAERI electron, laser, photon, brilliance 169
 
  • A.V. Bondarenko, S.V. Miginsky
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • Y.H. Han, Y.U. Jeong, B.C. Lee, S. H. Park
    KAERI, Daejon
  A quasi-monochromatic X-ray source based on the KAERI SC linac system has been designed and is being manufactured now. A 10 MeV 10 mA electron beam together with a 20 W 1.06 ?m laser beam will be used for 1.8 keV Compton X-ray generation with a few percentage of energy spread and 107 photons per second. A simple straight beamline was designed to deliver the electron beam with no degradation of its emittance and energy spread and to focus it to a proper size to produce the desired X-rays. We expect the first demonstration of 1.8 keV Compton X-ray generation in autumn 2006.  
 
MOPCH064 The Specification, Design and Measurement of Magnets for the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury Laboratory dipole, quadrupole, ERLP, FEL 175
 
  • F. Bødker
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  • N. Marks, N. Thompson
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) is currently under construction at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK and will serve as a test bed for the investigation of technologies and beam physics issues necessary for the development of Daresbury Laboratory's Fourth Generation Light Source (4GLS) proposal. A number of new ERLP beam transport system magnets have been procured for the project. The magnets have been designed, manufactured and measured by Danfysik following a stringent magnetic field specification produced by Daresbury Laboratory. In this paper we summarise the magnet specification. We then present details of the magnetic and mechanical design of the magnets and finally discuss the measurement techniques used to demonstrate that the field quality of the magnets satisfied the specification.  
 
MOPCH065 Fabrication and Installation of Superconducting Accelerator Modules for the ERL Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury vacuum, cryogenics, ERLP, TESLA 178
 
  • P. vom Stein, S. Bauer, M. Pekeler, H. Vogel
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  • R. Bate, C.D. Beard, D.M. Dykes, P.A. McIntosh, B. Todd
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  Installation and commissioning of the superconducting energy recovery linac(ERL) prototype is under way at Daresbury Laboratory. ACCEL have manufactured two superconducting accelerator modules for the injector and the linac, operating at 2K with 1.3 GHz TESLA type cavities. Each module contains two cavities and is designed to provide an accelerating voltage of 25 MV in cw mode. This paper presents details of the module fabrication, cavity preparation and performance results. An overview of the cryogenic installations for the modules is given and status results of the commissioning are discussed.  
 
MOPCH066 The Conceptual Design of 4GLS at Daresbury Laboratory radiation, electron, FEL, undulator 181
 
  • J.A. Clarke
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  4GLS is a novel next generation proposal for a UK national light source to be sited at Daresbury Laboratory, based on a superconducting energy recovery linac (ERL) with both high average current photon sources (undulators and bending magnets) and three high peak current free electron lasers. Key features are a high gain, seeded FEL amplifier to generate XUV radiation and the prospect of advanced research arising from unique combinations of sources with femtosecond pulse structure. The conceptual design is now completed and a CDR recently published. The 4GLS concept is summarised, highlighting how the significant design challenges have been addressed, and the project status and plans explained.  
 
MOPCH069 Lattice Design for the Fourth Generation Light Source at Daresbury Laboratory FEL, laser, undulator, electron 184
 
  • B.D. Muratori, M.A. Bowler, H.L. Owen, S.L. Smith
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • S.V. Miginsky
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The proposed Fourth Generation Light Source (4GLS) has three electron transport paths, an energy recovery loop containing the main linac, IDs and a VUV-FEL, a separate branch after the main linac for an XUV-FEL and a transport path for an IR-FEL. The first two present major challenges in lattice design. The energy recovery loop will be fed by a high average current gun, with bunches of charge of about 80 pC. High charge (1nC) bunches from a high brightness gun will be accelerated prior to the main linac and split into the XUV-FEL branch using energy separation after the main linac. We present a lattice design and results from numerical modelling of the electron bunch transport. The requirements of the machine are short bunches, a small emittance for both branches and an overall topology which gives a reasonable dimension for the building. Different transport and compression schemes were assessed to meet these requirements whilst balancing the disruptive effects of longitudinal and transverse space charge, CSR, wakefields and BBU. Investigations into all of these instabilities are summarized together with other transport issues and the resulting requirements on all IDs.  
 
MOPCH070 The Status of the Daresbury Energy Recovery Prototype Project gun, ERLP, diagnostics, electron 187
 
  • D.J. Holder, J.A. Clarke, P.A. McIntosh, M.W. Poole, S.L. Smith
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • N. Bliss
    CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • E.A. Seddon
    CCLRC/DL/SRD, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The major component of the UK's R&D programme towards an advanced energy recovery linac-based light source facility is a 35 MeV technology demonstrator called the energy recovery linac prototype (ERLP). This is based on a combination of a DC photocathode electron gun, a superconducting linac operated in energy recovery mode and an IR FEL. The current status of the of this project is presented, including the construction and commissioning progress and plans for the future exploitation of this scientific and technical R&D facility.  
 
MOPCH072 Adjustable Input Coupler Development for Superconducting Accelerating Cavity simulation, cryogenics, ERL, electromagnetic-fields 193
 
  • M.V. Lalayan, M.A. Gusarova, V.I. Kaminsky, A.A. Krasnov, V.A. Makarov, N.P. Sobenin
    MEPhI, Moscow
  • A.A. Zavadtsev, D.A. Zavadtsev
    Introscan, Moscow
  The waveguide and coaxial-type input couplers for Energy Recovery Linac type injector cavity electrodynamical and thermal simulation results are presented. The devices are designed to feed the superconducting cavity with up to 500 kW RF power in continuous wave regime at 1.3 GHz operating frequency. The cavity external quality factor adjustment is provided. The heat load to the cryogenic system was lowered to a tolerable level by coupler design optimization.  
 
MOPCH108 Error Study of LINAC 4 simulation, quadrupole, emittance, CERN 294
 
  • M.A. Baylac, J.-M. De Conto, E. Froidefond
    LPSC, Grenoble
  • E.Zh. Sargsyan
    CERN, Geneva
  Within the framework of the Joint Research Activity HIPPI (High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injector) of the CARE program, the conception study of the LINAC 4 accelerator which aims to intensify the proton flux available for the CERN injection line is pursued. The linac, operating in pulsed mode at 352 MHz, is designed to accelerate a 65 mA beam of H- ions up to an energy of 160 MeV. The requirements on acceptable beam emittance growth and particle loss are extremely tight. In order to determine the Drift Tube Linac tolerances, we examined the sensitivity of the LINAC 4 DTL to errors on the accelerating field and the focusing quadrupoles. Simulations were performed with the transport code TRACEWIN (CEA-Saclay, France). We will present results on individual sensitivities to a single error as well as the global impact of alignment and RF errors on the beam quality. Similarly, accelerating structures following the DTL in the LINAC4 design (CCDTL, SCL) have been studied.  
 
MOPCH111 A Fast Beam Chopper for the RAL Front End Test Stand emittance, CERN, proton, quadrupole 300
 
  • M.A. Clarke-Gayther
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • G. Bellodi, F. Gerigk
    CERN, Geneva
  The FETS project at RAL will test a fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high power proton drivers for next generation pulsed spallation sources and neutrino factories. A description is given of the novel RAL 'Fast - Slow' chopping scheme, and of candidate optical designs for the 3.0 MeV, 60 mA, H- Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line.  
 
MOPCH112 The RAL Front End Test Stand rfq, ion-source, ion, emittance 303
 
  • A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, D.C. Plostinar, J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • Y.A. Cheng, S. Jolly, A. Kurup, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the megawatt range have many possible applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. These applications typically propose beam powers of 5 MW or more compared to the highest beam power achieved from a pulsed proton accelerator in routine operation of 0.16 MW at ISIS. The UK's commitment to the development of the next generation of HPPAs is demonstrated by a test stand being constructed in collaboration between RAL, Imperial College London and the University of Warwick. The aim of the RAL Front End Test Stand is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced and is intended to allow generic experiments exploring a variety of operational regimes. This paper describes the status of the RAL Front End Test Stand which consists of five main components: a 60 mA H- ion source, a low energy beam transport, a 324 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole accelerator, a high speed beam chopper and a comprehensive suite of diagnostics. The aim is to demonstrate production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps, chopped H- beam at 3 MeV.  
 
MOPCH113 Re-bunching RF Cavities and Hybrid Quadrupoles for the RAL Front-end Test Stand (FETS) quadrupole, impedance, proton, CCL 306
 
  • D.C. Plostinar
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • M.A. Clarke-Gayther
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The proposed FETS project at RAL will test a fast beam chopper in a 3.0 MeV H- Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line. Space restrictions in the MEBT line place constraints on component length and drive the requirement to identify compact component configurations. A description is given of candidate re-bunching RF cavities and hybrid quadrupole designs. The cavity options considered are the space efficient Drift Tube Linac type cavity (DTL) with integrated quadrupoles, and the high shunt impedance Coupled Cavity Linac type cavity (CCL) with external quadrupoles. The advantages and disadvantages of both structures are discussed and a comprehensive comparison between the two is made enabling the best cavity geometry choice. The compact hybrid quadrupole configurations considered are the 'tandem' combination of permanent magnet (PMQ) and electro-magnetic (EMQ) types, and the concentric combination of PMQ and laminar conductor (Lambertson) EMQ types.  
 
MOPCH127 SNS Warm Linac Commissioning Results CCL, beam-losses, emittance, SNS 342
 
  • A.V. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, W. Blokland, P. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, V.V. Danilov, C. Deibele, J. Galambos, S. Henderson, D.-O. Jeon, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of an H- injector, capable of producing one-ms-long pulses at 60Hz repetition rate with 38 mA peak current, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The 2.5MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. The staged beam commissioning of the accelerator complex is proceeding as component installation progresses. Current results of the beam commissioning program of the warm linac will be presented including transverse emittance evolution along the linac, longitudinal bunch profile measurements at the beginning and end of the linac, and beam loss study.  
 
MOPCH129 Status of the SNS Beam Power Upgrade Project SNS, target, emittance, kicker 345
 
  • S. Henderson, A.V. Aleksandrov, D.E. Anderson, S. Assadi, I.E. Campisi, F. Casagrande, M.S. Champion, R.I. Cutler, V.V. Danilov, G.W. Dodson, D.A. Everitt, J. Galambos, J.R. Haines, J.A. Holmes, N. Holtkamp, T. Hunter, D.-O. Jeon, S.-H. Kim, D.C. Lousteau, T.L. Mann, M.P. McCarthy, T. McManamy, G.R. Murdoch, M.A. Plum, B.R. Riemer, M.P. Stockli, D. Stout, R.F. Welton
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The baseline Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex, consisting of an H- injector, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines, will provide a 1 GeV, 1.44 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. Upgrades to the SNS accelerator and target systems to increase the beam power to at least 2 MW, with a design goal of 3 MW, are in the planning stages. The increased SNS beam power can be achieved primarily by increasing the peak H- ion source current from 38 mA to 59 mA, installing additional superconducting cryomodules to increase the final linac beam energy to 1.3 GeV, and modifying injection and extraction hardware in the ring to handle the increased beam energy. The mercury target power handling capability will be increased to 2 MW or greater by i) mitigating cavitation damage to the target container through improved materials/surface treatments, and introducing a fine dispersion of gas bubbles in the mercury, and ii) upgrading the proton beam window, inner reflector plug and moderators. The upgrade beam parameters will be presented and the required hardware modifications will be described.  
 
MOPCH131 SNS Ring Commissioning Results target, extraction, injection, beam-losses 351
 
  • M.A. Plum, A.V. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, W. Blokland, I.E. Campisi, P. Chu, S.M. Cousineau, V.V. Danilov, C. Deibele, G.W. Dodson, J. Galambos, M. Giannella, S. Henderson, J.A. Holmes, D.-O. Jeon, S.-H. Kim, C.D. Long, T.A. Pelaia, T.J. Shea, A.P. Shishlo, Y. Zhang
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) comprises a 1.5-MW, 60-Hz, 1-GeV linac, an accumulator ring, associated beam lines, and a spallation neutron target. Construction began in 1999 and the project is on track to be completed in June 2006. By September 2005 the facility was commissioned up through the end of the superconducting linac, and in January 2006 commissioning began on the High Energy Beam Transport beam line, the accumulator ring, and the Ring to Target Beam Transport beam line up to the Extraction Beam Dump. In this paper we will discuss early results from ring commissioning including a comparison of achieved vs. design beam machine parameters and the maximum beam intensity achieved to date.  
 
MOPCH136 China Spallation Neutron Source Accelerators: Design, Research, and Development injection, target, extraction, synchrotron 366
 
  • J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S.X. Fang, S. Fu
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  The Beijing Spallation Neutron Source (BSNS) is a newly approved high power accelerator project based on a H- linear accelerator and a rapid cycling synchrotron. During the past year, several major revisions were made to the design including the type of the front end, linac frequency, transport layout, ring lattice, and type of ring components. Possible upgrade paths were also laid out: based on an extension of the warm linac, the ring injection energy and the beam current could be raised doubling the beam power on target to reach 200 kW; an extension with a superconducting RF linac of similar length could raise the beam power near 0.5 MW. Based on these considerations, research and development activities are started. In this paper, we discuss the rationale of design revisions and summarize the recent work.  
 
MOPCH139 Results and Experience with Single Cavity Tests of Medium Beta Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators at TRIUMF heavy-ion, acceleration, ion, radiation 375
 
  • V. Zviagintsev, K. Fong, M.P. Laverty, R.E. Laxdal, A.K. Mitra, T.C. Ries, I. Sekachev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A heavy ion superconducting linac is being installed at ISAC/TRIUMF. A first stage of the ISAC-II upgrade will see the installation of 20 quarter wave bulk niobium cavities (Beta0=0.057,0.071). The cavities operate CW at 106MHz with design peak fields of Ep=30MV/m, Bp=60mT while delivering an accelerating voltage of 1.08MV at <7W power consumption. All cavities have been tested in a single cavity test stand with twenty of twenty-one meeting ISAC-II specifications. The cavity test results will be presented. In particular we will discuss our experience with BCP vs. EP surface treatments and with Q-disease. In addition the tuning plates of two of the cavities were modified to provide a unique compensation to the resonant frequency.  
 
MOPCH143 Electromechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric Actuators Subjected to a Variable Preloading Force at Cryogenic Temperature cryogenics, vacuum, simulation, target 387
 
  • M. Fouaidy, N. Hammoudi, M.S. Saki, H. Saugnac, L. Simonet
    IPN, Orsay
  Piezoelectric actuators are actually used in Fast Active Cold Tuning Systems (FACTS) for SRF cavities. The characteristics, performances and lifetime of these actuators depend on the preloading force applied by the cavity and the FACTS to the piezostacks. Experimental data are needed for reliable and optimum operation of piezostacks in superconducting protons or electrons linacs. In the frame of the CARE project supported by EU, we designed and constructed a dedicated apparatus for studying the electromechanical behavior of prototype piezoelectric actuators subjected to variable preloading force at cryogenic temperatures. This device was successfully used for testing piezoelectric actuators prototypes for T in the range 2K-300K. The dielectric properties as well as dynamic properties were measured including the actuator characteristics when used as force sensor. The corresponding data are reported and discussed.  
 
MOPCH145 Tests Results of the Beta 0.07 and Beta 0.12 Quarter Wave Resonators for the SPIRAL2 Superconducting Linac SPIRAL2, simulation 393
 
  • G. Olry, J.-L. Biarrotte, S. Bousson, C. Joly, T. Junquera, J. Lesrel, G. Martinet, D. Moura, H. Saugnac, P. Szott
    IPN, Orsay
  • P.-E. Bernaudin, P. Bosland, G. Devanz
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  New developments and tests have been carried out on low beta (0.07) and high beta (0.12) 88 MHz superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators. These resonators will be installed in the LINAC driver, respectively in the low beta section, composed of cryomodules A (developed at CEA-Saclay) and the high beta section composed of cryomodules B (developed at IPN-Orsay). Both resonators' types will be equipped with the same power coupler (developed at LPSC-Grenoble) and designed for a maximum power of 20 kW. RF tests results of the prototype cavities and power couplers are reported. The fabrication of the two cryomodules prototypes, fully equipped, is in progress in order to be ready for high power RF tests at 4.2 K at the beginning of 2007.  
 
MOPCH146 Status of the Beta 0.12 Superconducting Cryomodule Development for the Spiral2 Project SPIRAL2, cryogenics, alignment, controls 396
 
  • H. Saugnac, J.-L. Biarrotte, S. Blivet, S. Bousson, C. Commeaux, C. Joly, T. Junquera, J. Lesrel, fl. Lutton, G. Martinet, G. Olry, P. Szott
    IPN, Orsay
  SPIRAL2 is a radioactive beams facility, composed of a superconducting linac driver, delivering deuterons with an energy up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with an energy of 14.5 MeV/u (1 mA). This facility is now fully approved by the French government. IPN Orsay is in charge of the study and manufacture of the beta 0.12 cryomodule of the superconducting LINAC. These cryomodule, designed for an overall cryogenic power of 30 W at 4.2 K, is composed of two quarter wave type 88 MHz rf resonator providing a minimum of 6.5 MV/m with a quality factor of 1 10 9, two tuning mechanisms controlling the resonator frequency and an alignment system allowing to adjust the cavity position with a ± 1 mm accuracy. Several tests performed on a first resonator prototype fabricated by the "Ettore Zanon SpA" Company, have validated the cavity and its auxiliary components design. A first cryomodule fully equipped (cavities, cryostat, tuning and alignment systems), planned to be tested at the beginning of 2007, is under manufacturing. The details of the cryomodule design and the resonator tests results are discussed in the paper.  
 
MOPCH149 Microphonics Measurements in a CW-driven TESLA-type Cavity resonance, cryogenics, klystron, pick-up 405
 
  • O. Kugeler, W. Anders, J. Knobloch, A. Neumann
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  Superconducting cavities with a high quality factor exhibit a very low bandwidth in their resonant frequency, which makes their operation very sensitive to mechanical oscillations. In CW mode of operation, as is intended for the BESSY-FEL Linac, microphonics are therefore the dominant error source for field stability. In order to compensate the detuning, it is necessary to properly characterize amplitude and frequency with respect to all involved mechanical and electrical components. Such measurements have been performed at the HoBiCaT test facility at BESSY and will be described in detail.  
 
MOPCH150 Characterization of a Piezo-based Microphonics Compensation System at HoBiCaT resonance, controls, TESLA, FEL 408
 
  • A. Neumann, W. Anders, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, M. Schuster
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  In the superconducting driver linac for the BESSY FEL, piezo actuators will be utilized to rapidly counteract the detuning of the cavity resonance caused by nm mechanical oscillations (microphonics). This is of importance to guarantee field stability and lower the power consumption of the RF system for the superconducting cavities. To design a suitable compensator, mechanical and electro-mechanical transfer functions, as well as the tuning range of the system under operating conditions have been measured and will be presented.  
 
MOPCH152 A Pulsed-RF High-power Processing Effect of Superconducting Niobium Cavities observed at the ELBE Linear Accelerator controls, ELBE, radiation, resonance 413
 
  • U. Lehnert, H. Buettig, P. Michel, Ch. Schneider, R. Schurig
    FZR, Dresden
  • A. Buechner, F.G. Gabriel
    FZR/FWFE, Dresden
  The driver LINAC of the ELBE radiation source is built for cw operation. However, in some cases a pulsed-mode operation was desired to extend the otherwise stringent gradient limits. The main restriction results from field emission that decreases the Q of the cavities which was evaluated from measurements of the liquid helium consumption. After pulsed-mode operation with gradients exceeding the maximum cw accelerating gradients by 30–40\% a significant reduction in the field emission was observed. This in turn allows higher accelerating gradients to be used in cw as well. We attribute this behaviour to an rf-processing of the cavity surface which burns off field emitters.  
 
MOPCH153 Peak Field Optimization for the Superconducting CH Structure simulation, impedance, cryogenics, GSI 415
 
  • H. Liebermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The Cross-Bar H-type (CH) cavity is a multi-gap drift tube structure operated in the H-210 mode which has been developed at the IAP Frankfurt and in collaboration with GSI. Based on detailed numerical simulations a 19 cell prototype cavity from massive Nb was realised. For optimization of the magnetic and electric peak fields, detailed numerical simulations with CST MicroWave Studio have been performed. After successful experiments on the superconducting prototype cavity calculations about improved drift tube geometries with respect to field emission took place. Additionally, the stem geometry was further improved by simulations.  
 
MOPCH154 Dry-ice Cleaning on SRF Cavities superconductivity, DESY, controls, vacuum 418
 
  • A. Brinkmann, J.I. Iversen, D. Reschke, J. Ziegler
    DESY, Hamburg
  High pressure rinsing with ultra-pure water is the well-proven standard cleaning step after chemical or electrochemical surface treatment of SRF cavities. Dry-ice cleaning (DIC) is a powerful additional cleaning option which depends on the sublimation-impulse method. Particles and film contaminations, especially hydro-carbons, are removed without residues. Furthermore DIC offers the possibility of a final horizontal cleaning of a fully equipped cavity because water is not present in the cleaning process. Horizontal cleaning tests on single-cell cavities showed promising high gradient, high Q-value performances, but field emission is still the limiting effect. On the basis of these tests a new IR-heater module is installed to keep a high temperature gradient between the CO2 jet and the cavity surface. New test results for this optimized cleaning set-up will be presented.  
 
MOPCH157 Structural Analysis for a Half-reentrant Superconducting Cavity simulation, TESLA, vacuum, linear-collider 424
 
  • E. Zaplatin
    FZJ, Jülich
  • T.L. Grimm, W. Hartung, M. J. Johnson, M.S. Meidlinger, J. Popielarski
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  A half-reentrant cavity (1300 MHz, beta=1.0) is being developed at Michigan State University for use in a superconducting linear collider and other applications. The electromagnetic performance of a half-reentrant cell shape is similar to that of a fully reentrant cavity, but a multi-cell half-reentrant cavity can be cleaned using traditional techniques. We present the results of structural analyses of the half-reentrant cavity for the mid-cell, single-cell, and multi-cell cases. The analysis includes the static and dynamic response of the cavity. Stiffening options to minimize the resonant RF frequency shift due to pressure and the Lorentz force are explored.  
 
MOPCH161 Development of a Prototype Superconducting CW Cavity and Cryomodule for Energy Recovery ERL, TESLA, TTF, ERLP 436
 
  • P.A. McIntosh, C.D. Beard, D.M. Dykes, B. Todd
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • S.A. Belomestnykh
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • A. Buechner, P. Michel, J. Teichert
    FZR, Dresden
  • J.M. Byrd, J.N. Corlett, D. Li
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • T. Kimura, T.I. Smith
    Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia
  • M. Liepe, V. Medjidzade, H. Padamsee, J. Sears, V.D. Shemelin
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  • D. Proch
    DESY, Hamburg
  Energy Recovery LINAC (ERL) and LINAC-driven FEL proposals and developments are now widespread around the world. Superconducting RF (SRF) cavity advances made over the last 10 years for TESLA/TTF at 1.3 GHz, in reliably achieving accelerating gradients >20 MV/m, suggest their suitability for these ERL and FEL accelerators. Typically however, photon fluxes are maximised from the associated insertion devices when the electron bunch repetition rate is as high as possible, making CW-mode operation at high average current a fundamental requirement for these light sources. Challenges arise in controlling the substantial HOM power and in minimizing the power dissipated at cryogenic temperatures during acceleration and energy recovery, requiring novel techniques to be employed. This paper details a collaborative development for an advanced high-Qo cavity and cryomodule system, based on a modified TESLA cavity, housed in a Stanford/Rossendorf cryomodule. The cavity incorporates a Cornell developed resistive-wall HOM damping scheme, capable of providing the improved level of HOM damping and reduced thermal load required.  
 
MOPCH162 RF Requirements for the 4GLS Linac Systems ERL, acceleration, electron, controls 439
 
  • P.A. McIntosh, C.D. Beard, D.M. Dykes, A.J. Moss
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The 4GLS facility at Daresbury will combine energy recovery linac (ERL) and free electron laser (FEL) technologies to deliver a suite of naturally synchronised state-of-the-art sources of synchrotron radiation and FEL radiation covering the terahertz (THz) to soft X-ray regimes. CW-mode operation at high acceleration gradients are needed for the various 4GLS accelerator systems and here is where Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities excel. Since resistive losses in the cavity walls increase as the square of the accelerating voltage, conventional copper cavities become uneconomical when the demand for high CW voltage grows with particle energy requirements. After accounting for the refrigeration power needed to provide the liquid helium operating temperature, a net power gain of several hundred remains for SRF over conventional copper cavities. This paper details the RF requirements for each of the SRF accelerating stages of the 4GLS facility, outlining techniques necessary to cope with CW-mode operation and HOM power generation.  
 
MOPCH165 Low- and Intermediate-beta, 352 MHz Superconducting Half-wave Resonators for High Power Hadron Acceleration hadron, proton, acceleration, vacuum 448
 
  • A. Facco, F. Scarpa, D. Zenere
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • R. Losito
    CERN, Geneva
  • V. Zviagintsev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A beta=0.17, 352 MHz superconducting Half-Wave resonator was designed and constructed at INFN-LNL in the framework of the SPES and EURISOL projects. This cavity, together with the beta=0.31 HWR of similar design that was previously built in the framework of the SPES project, allows acceleration of high power hadron beams in the 5?100 MeV/u energy range, as required in the SPES primary linac and in the first part of the EURISOL proton driver. Main features of this structure, compared to other ones developed elsewhere with different geometries for similar applications, are compactness and mechanical stability. Characteristics and test results will be presented.  
 
MOPCH166 Construction, Tuning and Assembly of the Beta=0.12 SC Ladder Resonator at LNL target, simulation, EURISOL, TTF 451
 
  • G. Bisoffi, E. Bissiato, A. Palmieri
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The Ladder resonator is a 4-gap full Nb cavity suitable for the 0.1< beta <0.2 range of high current proton linacs. A beta=0.12 Nb prototype of this cavity has been built by ZANON (Schio, Italy) on the basis of LNL design. In this paper we describe the construction procedure of such cavity, as well as the tuning steps, aimed at the achievement of the target frequency of 352.2 MHz and the desired field uniformity along the four gaps. Related results of RF simulations and room temperature tests are presented. The preparation of the SC test at LNL is at an advanced stage.  
 
MOPCH175 High Power Testing RF System Components for the Cornell ERL Injector ERL, klystron, coupling, factory 472
 
  • S.A. Belomestnykh, R.P.K. Kaplan, M. Liepe, P. Quigley, J.J.R. Reilly, C.K. Sinclair, V. Veshcherevich
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  There are two high power 1300 MHz RF systms under development for the Cornell University ERL Injector. The first system, based on a 16 kWCW IOT transmitter, will provide RF power to a buncher cavity. The second system employs five 120 kWCW klystrons to feed 2-cell superconducting cavities of the injector cryomodule. All components of these systems were ordered and some have already been delivered, including the IOT transmitter (manufactured by Thales-BM), 20 kWCW AFT circulator, 170 kWCW circulators (Ferrite Co.) and two prototype input couplers for superconducting cavities. A special LN2 cryostat has been designed and built for testing/processing the input couplers. The results of the first high-power tests are presented.  
 
MOPCH177 Status of HOM Load for the Cornell ERL Injector ERL, damping, emittance, electron 478
 
  • V.D. Shemelin, B. Gillett
    Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  • P. Barnes, M. Liepe, V. Medjidzade, H. Padamsee, G.R. Roy, J. Sears
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  The HOM load for the injector of the Energy Recovery Linac at Cornell University is proposed to work at a temperature of 80 K. The anticipated absorbed power of the load is up to 200 W. Versions with inner diameter of 78 and 106 mm are under development. Two different kinds of ferrites and a lossy ceramic are chosen as RF absorbers for the load to cover a wide frequency range. Measurements of electromagnetic properties of absorbing materials have been performed in a frequency range from 1 to 40 GHz. The engineering design of the load is ready and technological issues of brazing the absorbing tiles and cooling have been solved. Brazing quality is controlled by IR thermograms. First warm measurements of a prototype load are expected this summer.  
 
MOPCH187 Key Cryogenics Challenges in the Development of the 4GLS cryogenics, TESLA, FEL, ERLP 499
 
  • R. Bate, R.K. Buckley, A.R. Goulden, C. Hodgkinson, S.M. Pattalwar
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The fourth generation light source (4GLS) is a uniquely flexible source of ultra-high brightness continuous and pulsed radiation covering the IR to XUV range of the spectrum. It is the first light source in the world that is planned from the outset to be a multi-user, multi-source facility combining ERL (energy recovery LINAC) and FEL (free electron laser) technology. 4GLS will require six different sets of superconducting LINACs. Each of the LINAC modules consists of 2 to 7, 1.3 GHz superconducting RF cavities of the TESLA design operating at 1.8 K. The overall cooling power necessary to cool the cavities is estimated to be around 2.5KW demanding the superfluid liquid helium flow rates in excess of 200g/s. Even though the technology of the superconducting RF cavities is somewhat well understood, the design and subsequent operation of the cryogenic system / Cryo modules is an extremely complex task. In this paper we describe the key cryogenic challenges of the 4GLS project and our approach in identifying solutions to meet them.  
 
MOPCH193 SNS 2.1K Cold Box Turn-down Studies cryogenics, SNS, controls, SLAC 514
 
  • F. Casagrande, P.A. Gurd, D.R. Hatfield, M.P. Howell, W.H. Strong
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • D. Arenius, J. Creel, V. Ganni, P. Knudsen
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is nearing completion. The cold section of the Linac consists of 81 superconducting radio frequency cavities cooled to 2.1K by a 2400 watt cryogenic refrigeration system. The 2.1K cold box consists of four stages of centrifugal compressors with LN2-cooled variable speed electric motors and magnetic bearings. The cryogenic system successfully supported the Linac beam commissioning at both 4.2K and 2.1K and has been fully operational since June 2005. This paper describes the control principles utilized and the experimental results obtained for the SNS cold compressors turn-down capability to about 30% of the design flow, and possible limitation of the frequency dependent power factor of the cold compressor electric motors, which was measured for the first time during commissioning. These results helped to support the operation of the Linac over a very broad and stable cold compressor operating flow range (refrigeration capacity) and pressure. This in turn helped to optimise the cryogenic system operating parameters, minimizing the utilities and improving the system reliability and availability.  
 
MOPLS027 Beam-beam Simulations for a Single Pass SuperB-factory luminosity, emittance, simulation, damping 601
 
  • M.E. Biagini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • P. Raimondi, J. Seeman
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  A study of beam-beam collisions for an asymmetric single pass SuperB-Factory is presented*. In this scheme an electron and a positron beam are first stored and damped in two damping rings, then extracted, compressed and focused to the IP. After collision the two beams are re-injected in the DR to be damped and extracted for collision again. The explored beam parameters are similar to those used in the design of the International Linear Collider, except for the beam energies. Very flat beams and round beams were compared in the simulations, with the GuineaPig code**, in order to optimize both luminosity performances and beam blow-up after collision. With such approach, luminosities of the order of 1036 /(cm2 sec) can be achieved.

*http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0512235.**D. Schulte. “Study of electromagnetic and hadronic background in the Interaction Region of the TESLA Collider”, PhD Thesis, Hamburg, 1996.

 
 
MOPLS059 The Probe Beam Linac in CTF3 CLIC, CTF3, gun, emittance 679
 
  • A. Mosnier, M. Authier, D. Bogard, A. Curtoni, O. Delferriere, G. Dispau, R. Duperrier, W. Farabolini, P. Girardot, M. Jablonka, J.L. Jannin, M. Luong, F. Peauger
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • N. Rouvière
    IPN, Orsay
  • R. Roux
    LAL, Orsay
  The test facility CTF3, presently under construction at CERN within an international collaboration, is aimed at demonstrating the key feasibility issues of the multi-TeV linear collider CLIC. The objective of the probe beam linac is to "mimic" the main beam of CLIC in order to measure precisely the performances of the 30 GHz CLIC accelerating structures. In order to meet the required parameters of this 200 MeV probe beam, in terms of emittance, energy spread and bunch-length, the most advanced techniques have been considered: laser triggered photo-injector, velocity bunching, beam-loading compensation, RF pulse compression … The final layout is described, and the selection criteria and the beam dynamics results are reviewed.  
 
MOPLS065 An ILC Main Linac Simulation Package Based on Merlin simulation, emittance, alignment, klystron 694
 
  • N.J. Walker, D. Kruecker, F. Poirier
    DESY, Hamburg
  The preservation of the ultra-small vertical emittance in the International Linear Collider (ILC) will require the use of beam-based alignment techniques, the expected performance of which relies heavily on the use of simulation tools. In this report, we present the newest release of a purpose-built ILC main linac simulation tool, based on the Merlin* C++ class library. Examples of results from Dispersion Free Steering (DFS) simulations are also be presented.

*http://www.desy.de/~merlin

 
 
MOPLS067 Test Beam Studies at SLAC's End Station A, for the International Linear Collider SLAC, synchrotron, emittance, linear-collider 700
 
  • M. Woods, C. Adolphsen, R. Arnold, G.B. Bowden, G.R. Bower, R.A. Erickson, H. Fieguth, J.C. Frisch, C. Hast, R.H. Iverson, Z. Li, T.W. Markiewicz, D.J. McCormick, S. Molloy, J. Nelson, M.T.F. Pivi, M.C. Ross, S. Seletskiy, A. Seryi, S. Smith, Z. Szalata, P. Tenenbaum
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • D. Adey, M.C. Stockton, N.K. Watson
    Birmingham University, Birmingham
  • M. Albrecht, M.H. Hildreth
    Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Iowa
  • W.W.M. Allison, V. Blackmore, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C.C. Clarke, G. Doucas, A.F. Hartin, B. Ottewell, C. Perry, C. Swinson, G.R. White
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  • D.A.-K. Angal-Kalinin, C.D. Beard, J.L. Fernandez-Hernando, F. Jackson, A. Kalinin
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • R.J. Barlow, A. Bungau, G.Yu. Kourevlev, A. Mercer
    UMAN, Manchester
  • S.T. Boogert
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
  • D.A. Burton, J.D.A. Smith, R. Tucker
    Lancaster University, Lancaster
  • W.E. Chickering, C.T. Hlaing, O.N. Khainovski, Y.K. Kolomensky, T. Orimoto
    UCB, Berkeley, California
  • C. Densham, R.J.S. Greenhalgh
    CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  • V. Duginov, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • G. Ellwood, P.G. Huggard, J. O'Dell
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • F. Gournaris, A. Lyapin, B. Maiheu, S. Malton, D.J. Miller, M.W. Wing
    UCL, London
  • M.B. Johnston
    University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford
  • M.F. Kimmitt
    University of Essex, Physics Centre, Colchester
  • H.J. Schriber, M. Viti
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  • N. Shales, A. Sopczak
    Microwave Research Group, Lancaster University, Lancaster
  • N. Sinev, E.T. Torrence
    University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
  • M. Slater, M.T. Thomson, D.R. Ward
    University of Cambridge, Cambridge
  • Y. Sugimoto
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Walston
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • T. Weiland
    TEMF, Darmstadt
  • M. Wendt
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • I. Zagorodnov
    DESY, Hamburg
  • F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  The SLAC Linac can deliver to End Station A a high-energy test beam with similar beam parameters as for the International Linear Collider for bunch charge, bunch length and bunch energy spread. ESA beam tests run parasitically with PEP-II with single damped bunches at 10Hz, beam energy of 28.5 GeV and bunch charge of (1.5-2.0)·1010 electrons. A 5-day commissioning run was performed in January 2006, followed by a 2-week run in April. We describe the beamline configuration and beam setup for these runs, and give an overview of the tests being carried out. These tests include studies of collimator wakefields, prototype energy spectrometers, prototype beam position monitors for the ILC Linac, and characterization of beam-induced electro-magnetic interference along the ESA beamline.  
 
MOPLS092 Efficient Collimation and Machine Protection for the Compact Linear Collider CLIC, collimation, kicker, luminosity 768
 
  • R.W. Assmann, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  We present a new approach to machine protection and collimation in CLIC, separating these two functions: If emergency dumps in the linac protect the downstream beam line against drive-beam failures, the energy collimation only needs to clean the beam tails and can be compact. Overall, the length of the beam delivery system is significantly reduced.  
 
MOPLS093 Commissioning Status of the CTF3 Delay Loop CLIC, CTF3, CERN, wiggler 771
 
  • R. Corsini, S. Doebert, F. Tecker, P. Urschütz
    CERN, Geneva
  • D. Alesini, C. Biscari, B. Buonomo, A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini, B. Preger, M. Serio, A. Stella
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  The CLIC Test Facility CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, aims at demonstrating the feasibility of the CLIC scheme by 2010. In particular, one of the main goals is to study the generation of high-current electron pulses by interleaving bunch trains in delay lines and rings using transverse RF deflectors. This will be done in the 42 m long delay loop, built under the responsibility of INFN/LNF, and in the 84 m long combiner ring that will be installed in 2006. The delay loop installation was completed, and its commissioning started at the end of 2005. In this paper the commissioning results are presented, including the first tests of beam recombination.  
 
MOPLS094 Luminosity Tuning at the Interaction Point sextupole, luminosity, simulation, quadrupole 774
 
  • P. Eliasson, M. Korostelev, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  Minimisation of the emittance in a linear collider is not enough to achieve optimal performance. For optimisation of the luminosity, tuning of collision parameters such as angle, offset, waist, etc. is needed, and a fast and reliable tuning signal is required. In this paper tuning knobs are presented, and their optimisation using beamstrahlung as a tuning signal is studied.  
 
MOPLS098 Study of an ILC Main Linac that Follows the Earth Curvature emittance, alignment, quadrupole, laser 786
 
  • D. Schulte, P. Eliasson, A. Latina
    CERN, Geneva
  • F. Poirier, N.J. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg
  In the base line configuration, the tunnel of the ILC will follow the earth curvature. The emittance growth in a curved main linac has been studied, including static and dynamic imperfections. These include effects due to current ripples in the power supplies of the steering coils, the impact of the beam position monitor scale errors.  
 
MOPLS099 A Study of Failure Modes in the ILC Main Linac quadrupole, klystron, simulation, lattice 789
 
  • D. Schulte, P. Eliasson, A. Latina
    CERN, Geneva
  • Eckhard. Elsen, D. Kruecker, F. Poirier, N.J. Walker, G.X. Xia
    DESY, Hamburg
  Failures in the ILC can lead to beam loss or even damage the machine. Also failures that do not lead to beam loss can affect the luminosity performance, in particular since some time is required to recover from them. In the paper a number of different failures is being investigated and the impact on the machine performance is being studied.  
 
MOPLS101 Beam Dynamics and First Operation of the Sub-harmonic Bunching System in the CTF3 Injector CTF3, simulation, CERN, bunching 795
 
  • P. Urschütz, H.-H. Braun, G. Carron, R. Corsini, S. Doebert, T. Lefevre, G. McMonagle, J. Mourier, J.P.H. Sladen, F. Tecker, L. Thorndahl, C.P. Welsch
    CERN, Geneva
  The CLIC Test Facility CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, aims at demonstrating the feasibility of the CLIC scheme by 2010. The CTF3 drive beam generation scheme relies on the use of a fast phase switch of a sub-harmonic bunching system in order to phase-code the bunches. The amount of charge in unwanted satellite bunches is an important quantity, which must be minimized. Beam dynamics simulations have been used to study the problem, showing the limitation of the present CTF3 design and the gain of potential upgrades. In this paper the results are discussed and compared with beam measurements taken during the first operation of the system.  
 
MOPLS102 Beam Dynamic Studies and Emittance Optimization in the CTF3 Linac at CERN emittance, CTF3, quadrupole, simulation 798
 
  • P. Urschütz, H.-H. Braun, R. Corsini, S. Doebert, F. Tecker
    CERN, Geneva
  • A. Ferrari
    UU/ISV, Uppsala
  Small transverse beam emittances and well-known lattice functions are crucial for the 30 GHz power production in the Power Extraction and Transfer Structure (PETS), and for the commissioning of the delay loop of the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3). Following beam-dynamics-simulation results, two additional solenoids were installed in the CTF3 injector in order to improve the emittance. During the runs in 2005 and 2006, an intensive measurement campaign to determine Twiss parameters and beam sizes was launched. The results obtained by means of quadrupole scans for different modes of operation suggest rms emittances well below the nominal (100 pi mm mrad) and a convincing agreement with PARMELA simulations.  
 
MOPLS106 Independent Operation of Electron/Positron Wings of ILC positron, kicker, electron, target 810
 
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  We represent a concept of fast feedback system allowing independent operation of electron-positron wings of ILC.  
 
MOPLS110 ILC Linac R&D at SLAC SLAC, klystron, DESY, collider 822
 
  • C. Adolphsen
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  Since the ITRP recommendation in 2004 to use superconducting rf technology for a next generation linear collider, the former NLC group at SLAC has been actively pursuing a broad range of R&D for this collider (the ILC). In this paper, we review the progress of those programs relating to linac technology. These include the development of a Marx-style modulator (120 kV, 120 A, 1.5 ms, 5 Hz) and a 10 MW sheet-beam klystron, construction of an L-band (1.3 GHz) rf source using a SNS HVCM modulator and commercial klystrons, fabrication and testing of a five-cell L-band cavity prototype for the ILC positron capture accelerator, high power tests of cavity coupler components, beam tests of prototype S-band linac beam position monitors and measurements of the magnetic center stability of an ILC prototype superconducting quadrupole magnet built by the CIEMAT group in Spain.  
 
MOPLS113 Commissioning of the ALTO 50 MeV Electron Linac electron, target, ion, quadrupole 825
 
  • J. Lesrel, J. Arianer, M. Arianer, O. Bajeat, J-M. Buhour, H. Bzyl, F. Carrey, M. Chabot, J.-L. Coacolo, T. Corbin, H. Croizet, J.-M. Curaudeau, F. Doizon, M. Ducourtieux, J.-M. Dufour, S. Essabaa, D. Grialou, C. Joly, M. Kaminski, H. Lefort, B. Lesellier, G. Magneney, L. Mottet, Y. Ollivier, C. Planat, M. Raynaud, Y. Richard, A. Said, A. Semsoum, F. Taquin, C. Vogel
    IPN, Orsay
  • G. Bienvenu, J-N. Cayla, M. Desmons
    LAL, Orsay
  The ALTO 50 MeV electron linac is dedicated to the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei using the photo-fission process and the optimisation of the target-ion source system for SPIRAL 2 and Eurisol projects. A description of the accelerator consisting in 3 Mev injector (old test station of LAL), LIL accelerating structure, RF power plant, beam line, control system and diagnostics will be given. Specified and measured beam parameters will be compared to show the performance for the photo-fission and eventually other applications.  
 
MOPLS115 A Spin Rotator for the ILC emittance, polarization, coupling, dipole 831
 
  • P.O. Schmid, N.J. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg
  A spin rotator featuring an optic axis with straight vision is presented. This rotator utilizes three bends, two solenoid pairs and two correction devices. These correctors, named reflectors, are mandatory for removing the cross plane coupling introduced by the solenoids. It is shown how the solenoids have to be set up to achieve longitudinal IP polarization taking into account non-zero crossing angles at the interaction region and a linac following the curvature of the earth. Furthermore, the stability requirements for mechanical and electrical imperfections are analyzed.  
 
MOPLS116 Status Report on the Harmonic Double-sided Microtron of MAMI C dipole, MAMI, vacuum, klystron 834
 
  • A. Jankowiak, K. Aulenbacher, O. Chubarov, M. Dehn, H. Euteneuer, F.F. Fichtner, F. Hagenbuck, R.H. Herr, P. Jennewein, K.-H. Kaiser, W.K. Klag, H.J. Kreidel, U.L. Ludwig-Mertin, J.R. Röthgen, S.S. Schumann, G.S. Stephan, V. Tioukine
    IKP, Mainz
  The Mainz Mikrotron MAMI is a cascade of three racetrack microtrons, delivering since 1991 a high quality 855MeV, 100muA cw electron beam for nuclear and radiation physics experiments. An energy upgrade of this machine to 1.5GeV by adding a Harmonic Double-Sided Microtron (HDSM)* as a fourth stage is well under way. Here we give a review of the experiences gained during fabrication and testing of the main components of the HDSM and report the status of its construction. Initial operation of the machine is expected for the first half of 2006. After a period of commissioning in diagnostic pulse mode with low beam power (10ns, high intensity bunch trains with a repetition rate of max. 10kHz), soon the first nuclear physics experiments will be started.

*A. Jankowiak et al. "Design and Status of the 1.5 GeV-Harmonic Double Sided Microtron for MAMI", Proceedings EPAC2002, Paris, p. 1085.

 
 
MOPLS120 Mitigation of Emittance Dilution due to Transverse Mode Coupling in the L-band Linacs of the ILC emittance, simulation, lattice, coupling 843
 
  • R.M. Jones, R.M. Jones
    UMAN, Manchester
  • R.H. Miller
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  The main L-band linacs of the ILC accelerate 2820 bunches from a center of mass of 10 GeV to 500 GeV (and in the proposed later upgrade, to 1 TeV). The emittance of the vertical plane is approximately 400 times less than that of the horizontal plane. Provided the vertical and horizontal mode dipole frequencies are degenerate, then the motion in each plane is not coupled. However, in reality the degeneracy will more than likely be removed with the eigen modes lying in planes rotated from the x and y planes due to inevitable manufacturing errors introduced in fabricating 20,000 cavities. This gives rise to a transverse coupling in the horizontal-vertical motion and can readily lead to a dilution in the emittance in the vertical plane. We investigate means to ameliorate this emittance dilution by splitting the horizontal-vertical tune of the lattice.  
 
MOPLS121 The DAFNE Beam Test Facility: from 1 to 10 Milliards of Particles electron, photon, positron, target 846
 
  • G. Mazzitelli, B. Buonomo, L. Quintieri
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • P. Valente
    INFN-Roma, Roma
  The DAFNE Beam Test Facility is operating since 2002, providing electrons, positrons and photons from the single particle up to 1010 particleS per spill and from 20 to 750 MeV. During these years, the facility has hosted tens of high energy test and experiments coming from all Europe, operating in a wide spread of multiplicity and energy. Operation performance and parameters, tools and diagnostics, as well as the main results obtained, are presented.  
 
MOPLS124 The KEK Injector Upgrade for the Fast Beam-Mode Switch KEKB, positron, electron, injection 855
 
  • M. Satoh
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The KEK linac is a 600-m-long linear accelerator with maximum energy 8-GeV electron and 3.5-GeV positron, and it is used as an injector for 4-rings (KEKB e-/ e+, PF, PF-AR). To increase the operation efficiency, we have an injector upgrade plan for the quasi-simultaneous injection. In this paper, we will present the operation scheme and the construction of a new beam transport line in detail.  
 
MOPLS130 Implications of a Curved Tunnel for the Main Linac of CLIC emittance, quadrupole, laser, CLIC 864
 
  • A. Latina, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  • P. Eliasson
    Uppsala University, Uppsala
  Preliminary studies of a linac that follows the earth's curvature are presented for the CLIC main linac. The curvature of the tunnel is modeled in a realistic way by use of geometry changing elements. The emittance preservation is studied for a perfect machine as well as taking into account imperfections. Results for a curved linac are compared with those for a laser-straight machine.  
 
TUYPA02 High Precision SC Cavity Alignment Diagnostics with HOM Measurements dipole, alignment, diagnostics, feedback 920
 
  • J.C. Frisch, L. Hendrickson, J. May, D.J. McCormick, S. Molloy, M.C. Ross, T.J. Smith
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • N. Baboi, O. Hensler, L.M. Petrosyan
    DESY, Hamburg
  • N.E. Eddy, S. Nagaitsev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • O. Napoly, R. Paparella, C. Simon
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  Experiments at the TTF at DESY have demonstrated that the Higher Order Modes induced in Superconducting Cavities can be used to provide a variety of beam and cavity diagnostics. The centers of the cavities can be determined from the beam orbit which produces minimum power in the dipole HOM modes. The phase and amplitude of the dipole modes can be used as a high resolution beam position monitor, and the phase of the monopole modes to measure the beam phase relative to the accelerator RF. Beam orbit feedback which minimizes the dipole HOM power in a set of structures has been demonstrated. For most SC accelerators, the existing HOM couplers provide the necessary signals, and the downmix and digitizing electronics are straightforward, similar to those for a conventional BPM.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUZAPA01 Present Status of the J-PARC Accelerator injection, quadrupole, acceleration, proton 930
 
  • H. Kobayashi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a joint project of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), which started on April 1, 2001. The J-PARC accelerator complex is composed of a 400 MeV proton linac, a 3 GeV Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), and a 50 GeV Proton Synchrotron (MR). A 180-MeV beam ( in the first stage) accelerated by the linac is to be injected into the RCS, and further accelerated there to 3 GeV. The RCS will operate at 25 Hz, and will provide the Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF) with a 1-MW beam (600 kW during 180 MeV injection). There are two extraction sections in the MR: fast extraction for neutrino experiment and slow extraction for the Hadron Facility. A linac beam with a peak current of 30 mA and an energy of 19.7 MeV was successfully accelerated in Sep. 2004 using the first tank of the Drift Tube Linac in KEK. Now three accelerators are under installation. The beam commissioning of the linac will start in this December and those of the RCS and the MR will start in Sep. 2007 and May 2008, respectively. Status of installation and plan for commissioning run will be presented.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUZAPA02 ISIS Upgrades – A Status Report synchrotron, target, proton, rfq 935
 
  • D.J.S. Findlay, D.J. Adams, T.A. Broome, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, P. Drumm, D.C. Faircloth, I.S.K. Gardner, P. Gear, M.G. Glover, S. Hughes, H.J. Jones, M. Krendler, A.P. Letchford, E.J. McCarron, S.J. Payne, C.R. Prior, A. Seville, C.M. Warsop
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Since 2002 several accelerator upgrades have been made to the ISIS spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, and upgrades are currently continuing in the form of the Second Target Station Project. The paper reviews the upgrade programmes: a new extraction straight, replacement of the Cockcroft-Walton by an RFQ, installation of a second harmonic RF system, replacement and upgrading of installed equipment, design and installation of improved diagnostics in conjunction with beam dynamics simulations, the Second Target Station Project, design and construction of a front end test stand, and the MICE programme. The paper also looks forward to possible future schemes at ISIS beyond the Second Target Station Project.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUOAFI01 Development for New Carbon Cancer-therapy Facility and Future Plan of HIMAC synchrotron, ion, injection, rfq 955
 
  • K. Noda, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, S. Sato, E. Takada, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada, K. Yoshida
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • C. Kobayashi, S. Shibuya, O. Takahashi, H. Tsubuku
    AEC, Chiba
  • Y. Sato, M. Tashiro, K. Yusa
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma
  The first clinical trial with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. The total number of patients treated is now in excess of 2500 as of December 2005. Based on our 10 years of experience with the HIMAC, we have proposed a new carbon-ion therapy facility for widespread use in Japan. The key technologies of the accelerator and irradiation systems for the new facility have been developed since April 2004. The new carbon-therapy facility will be constructed at Gunma University from April 2006. As our future plan for the HIMAC, further, a new treatment facility will be constructed at NIRS from April 2006. The design work has already been initiated and will lead to the further development of the therapy with the HIMAC. The facility is connected with the HIMAC accelerator complex and has two treatment rooms with horizontal and a vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. We will report the development for new carbon therapy facility and the design study for new treatment facility with the HIMAC.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUOCFI01 Radiation Measurements vs. Predictions for SNS Linac Commissioning radiation, shielding, CCL, SNS 977
 
  • I.I. Popova, F. X. Gallmeier, P. L. Gonzalez, D. C. Gregory
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  Detailed predictions for radiation fields, induced inside and outside of the accelerator tunnel, were performed for each of the SNS accelerator commissioning stages, from the ion source through the entire LINAC. Analyses were performed for normal commissioning parameters, for worst possible beam accidents, and for beam fault studies, using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. Proper temporary shielding was developed and installed in local areas near beam termination points (beam stops) and some critical locations, such as penetrations, in order to minimize dose rates in general occupied areas. Areas that are not full-time occupied and have dose rates above a specified limit during beam accident and fault studies were properly restricted. Radiation monitoring was performed using real time radiation measurement devices and TLDs to measure absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates. The measured radiation fields were analyzed and compared with transport simulations. TLD readings vs. calculations are in a good agreement, generally within a factor of two difference. A large inconsistency among instrument readings is observed, and an effort is underway to understand the variations.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUPCH006 A Wideband Intercepting Probe for the TRIUMF Cyclotron cyclotron, simulation, impedance, electron 1001
 
  • V.A. Verzilov, D. Cameron, D.T. Gray, S. Kellogg, M. Minato, W.R. Rawnsley
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  An intercepting probe for the TRIUMF cyclotron capable of measuring the phase and time structure of the circulating beam was designed, manufactured, installed into the tank and tested. A model of the probe head in the form of a 50 Ohm parallel plate transmission line was developed and simulated to operate up to 2 GHz. Thermal simulations show that the probe can withstand at least 500 nA of average current for the 500 MeV beam. In laboratory tests the probe demonstrated a bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz. The probe was mounted on a 3 m long drive and is capable of travelling over 0.5 m at an angle of 27 degree w.r.t. the cyclotron radius. The signals extracted from the probe are processed by a pair of diplexers, where low frequency and high frequency components are separated. The low frequency signal is directed to our standard electronics for processing and provides both dc current and a time of flight signal with a rise time of about 100 ns. At the high frequency output a signal-to-noise ratio of about 4 at 250 nA average current and 0.1 % duty cycle was measured in the presence of rf background from the cyclotron resonators. A bunch time structure as short as 1 ns was resolved.  
 
TUPCH015 Integrated Beam Diagnostics Systems for HICAT and CNAO controls, diagnostics, GSI, ion 1028
 
  • A. Reiter, A. Peters, M. Schwickert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  An integrated system for beam diagnostics was produced at GSI for the heavy-ion cancer treatment facility HICAT of the Heidelberg university clinics. A set of 92 manifold beam diagnostic devices allows automated measurements of the main beam parameters such as beam current, profile or energy. The beam diagnostic subsystem is completely integrated in the overall accelerator control system and its timing scheme. This paper reports on the underlying design patterns for the abstraction of the beam diagnostic devices towards the control system. Event-counting devices, i.e. scintillating counters and ionization chambers, are presented as examples of the diagnostic devices in the synchrotron and high-energy beam transport section of HICAT. Additionally, it is shown that the well-defined building blocks of the beam instrumentation made it possible to prepare almost identical devices including the manual control software, to be used in the CNAO facility (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) presently under construction in Pavia, Italy.  
 
TUPCH026 Single Shot Longitudinal Bunch Profile Measurements at FLASH using Electro-optic Techniques electron, laser, SASE, FEL 1055
 
  • B. Steffen, E.-A. Knabbe, B. Schmidt
    DESY, Hamburg
  • G. Berden, A.F.G. van der Meer
    FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein
  • W.A. Gillespie, P.J. Phillips
    University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, Scotland
  • S.P. Jamison, A. MacLeod
    UAD, Dundee
  • P. Schmüser
    Uni HH, Hamburg
  For the high-gain operation of a SASE FEL, extremly short electron bunches are essential to generate sufficiently high peak currents. At the superconducting linac of the VUV-FEL at DESY, we have installed an electro-optic experiment with temporal decoding and spectral decoding to probe the time structure of the electric field of single sub 200fs e-bunches. In this technique, the field-induced birefringence in an electro-optic crystal is encoded on a chirped ps laser pulse. The longitudinal electric field profile of the electron bunch is then obtained from the encoded optical pulse by a single-shot cross correlation with a 30 fs laser pulse using a second-harmonic crystal (temporal decoding) or by a single-shot measurement of its spectrum (spectral decoding). In the temporal decoding measurements an electro-optic signal of 230fs FWHM was observed, and is limited by the material properties of the particular electro-optic crystal used. Bunch profile and time jitter measurements were obtained simultaneously with VUV SASE operation.  
 
TUPCH029 High-precision Laser Master Oscillators for Optical Timing Distribution Systems in Future Light Sources laser, feedback, FEL, DESY 1064
 
  • A. Winter, P. Schmüser, A. Winter
    Uni HH, Hamburg
  • J. Chen, F.X. Kaertner
    MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • F.O. Ilday
    Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara
  • F. Ludwig, H. Schlarb
    DESY, Hamburg
  X-ray pulses with a pulse duration in the 10 fs regime or even less are needed for numerous experiments planned at next generation free electron lasers. A synchronization of probe laser pulses to the x-ray pulses with a stability on the order of the pulse width is highly desirable for these experiments. This requirement can be fulfilled by distributing an ultra-stable timing signal to various subsystems of the machine and to the experimental area to provide synchronization at the fs level over distances of several kilometers. Mode-locked fiber lasers serve as laser master oscillators (LMO), generating the frequencies required in the machine. The pulse train is distributed through length-stabilized fiber links. This paper focuses on the LMO, devoting special attention to the phase noise properties of the frequencies to be generated, its reliability to operate in an accelerator environment, and the residual timing jitter and drifts of the RF feedback for the fiber links. A prototype experimental system has been constructed and tested in an accelerator environment and its performance characteristics will be evaluated.  
 
TUPCH033 Automated Beam Optimisation and Diagnostics at MAMI diagnostics, microtron, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation 1076
 
  • M. Dehn, H. Euteneuer, F.F. Fichtner, A. Jankowiak, K.-H. Kaiser, W.K. Klag, H.J. Kreidel, S.S. Schumann, G.S. Stephan
    IKP, Mainz
  At the Institut fur Kernphysik (IKPH) of Mainz University the fourth stage of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI), a 855MeV to 1500MeV Harmonic Double Sided Microtron (HDSM), is now on the verge of first operation*. To provide an automated beam optimisation, low-Q-TM010 and TM110 resonators at each linac of the three cascaded RTMs and the two linacs of the new HDSM are used. These monitors deliver position, phase and intensity signals of each recirculation turn when modulating the beam intensity with 12ns-pulses (diagnostic pulses, max. rep. rate 10kHz). For operating the HDSM an extended system for displaying and digitising these signals was developed. High-bandwidth ADCs allow very comfortable to analyse, calibrate and automatically optimise the beam positions and phases during operation. The system is also used to adjust the transversal and longitudinal focussing according to the design parameters. Synchrotron radiation monitors, providing beam sizes and positions out of the bending magnets for each turn and on the entrance and exit of the linac axis, were a very helpful tool for beam-matching between the RTMs. Therefore a similar system was planned and constructed for the HDSM.

*A. Jankowiak et al. “Status Report on the Harmonics Double Sided Microtron of MAMI C”, this conference.

 
 
TUPCH045 First Use of Current and Charge Measurement Systems in the Commissioning of Diamond booster, storage-ring, DIAMOND, injection 1106
 
  • A.F.D. Morgan, M.G. Abbott, G. Rehm
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  This paper will discuss the results obtained from the charge and current measurement systems installed in Diamond during the commissioning stage of operation. The charge measurements are gathered from integrating current transformers and Faraday cups, while the current is measured using a DC current transformer in each ring. The measured beam parameters will be investigated, as well as how well the devices performed against expectations.  
 
TUPCH061 Installation of Beam Monitor Sensors in the LINAC Section of J-PARC quadrupole, KEK, vacuum, pick-up 1151
 
  • S. Sato, H. Ao, T. Tomisawa, A. Ueno
    JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
  • H. Akikawa
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • Z. Igarashi, S. Lee
    KEK, Ibaraki
  In the LINAC section of J-PARC, we have several type of sensors of monitor, i.e, Beam Position Monitor, Beam Profile Monitor, Beam Size Monitor, Current Monitor, Beam Phase Monitor, Beam Loss Monitor. Those sensors are being installed currently. The procedures, remarks during the installation, status are described in this paper. As an examle, the beam postion monitors are one of sensors which are taken cared intensively for their positioning on their housing quadrupole magnet, then our cares during their installation are described .  
 
TUPCH083 Time-resolved Spectrometry on the CLIC Test Facility 3 electron, radiation, photon, synchrotron 1205
 
  • T. Lefevre, C.B. Bal, H.-H. Braun, E. Bravin, S. Burger, R. Corsini, S. Doebert, C.D. Dutriat, F. Tecker, P. Urschütz, C.P. Welsch
    CERN, Geneva
  The high charge (>6microC) electron beam produced in the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) is accelerated in fully loaded cavities. To be able to measure the resulting strong transient effects, the time evolution of the beam energy and its energy spread must be measured with at least 50MHz bandwidth. Three spectrometer lines were installed all along the linac in order to control and tune the beam. The electrons are deflected by a dipole magnet onto an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screen, which is observed by a CCD camera. The measured beam size is then directly related to the energy spread. In order to provide time-resolved energy spectra, a fraction of the OTR photons is sent onto a multichannel photomultiplier. The overall set-up is described, special focus is given to the design of the OTR screen with its synchrotron radiation shielding. The performance of the time-resolved measurements are discussed in detail. Finally, the limitations of the system, mainly due to radiation problems, are discussed.  
 
TUPCH086 Precision Beam Timing Measurement System for CLIC Synchronization CLIC, CTF3, pick-up, CERN 1211
 
  • J.P.H. Sladen, A. Andersson
    CERN, Geneva
  Very precise synchronization between main and drive beams is required in CLIC to avoid excessive luminosity loss due to energy variations. One possibility to accomplish this would be to measure and correct the drive beam phase. The timing reference for the correction could be the beam in the transfer line between the injector complex and the main linac. The timing of both main and drive beams will have to be measured to a precision in the region of 10 fs. The aim is to achieve this by means of a beam measurement at 30 GHz with the signal mixed down to an intermediate frequency (IF) for precise phase detection. The RF and IF electronics are being developed and tests will be carried out in CTF3.  
 
TUPCH111 RF System for the Superconducting Linac Downstream from DEINOS Injector controls, SOLEIL, ELSA, simulation 1271
 
  • P. Balleyguier, J.-L. Lemaire
    CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  The DEINOS injector will be followed by an accelerator consisting of a LEP-like cryomodule including four 4-cell superconducting cavities. Each of these cavities will be fed by a solid-state amplifier delivering 20 kW in CW operation at 352 MHz. We will use the technology developed by the "Synchrotron SOLEIL" RF team, consisting of merging the power of numerous independent 330 W modules. The design of the low level RF system will be based on our experience with the ELSA accelerator.  
 
TUPCH112 Commissioning of the 100 MeV Preinjector HELIOS for the SOLEIL Synchrotron emittance, gun, beam-loading, SOLEIL 1274
 
  • A.S. Setty, D. Jousse, J.-L. Pastre, F. Rodriguez
    THALES, Colombes
  • R. Chaput, J.-P. Pollina, B. Pottin, M.-A. Tordeux
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • A. Sacharidis
    EuroMev, Buc
  HELIOS is the 100 MeV electron linac pre-injector of SOLEIL the new French SR facility. It has been supplied by THALES, as a turn-key system on the basis of SOLEIL APD design. The linac was commissioned in October 2005. This paper will remind the main features of the linac, especially on beam-loading compensation, and will give results obtained during the commissioning tests where a special care has been taken for emittance measurements. Specified and measured beam parameters will be compared to show the performance of the entire system.  
 
TUPCH116 Waveguide Distribution Systems for the European XFEL XFEL, DESY, klystron, coupling 1286
 
  • V.V. Katalev, S. Choroba
    DESY, Hamburg
  In the European X-ray FEL 32 superconducting cavities are connected to a 10 MW multibeam klystron through a waveguide distribution system. The basic waveguide system is a linear system. The XFEL tunnel has limited space for the waveguide system and therefore some new compact high power waveguide components like a motor driven phaseshifter, an iris tuner and an asymmetric shunt tee have been developed. Also alternative layouts of the waveguide distribution system which may have certain advantages have been designed. In this report we will present the different layouts and report on the status of the development of the different new waveguide components.  
 
TUPCH121 The IASA Cooling System for the 10 MeV Linac controls, klystron, microtron, resonance 1298
 
  • A. Karabarbounis, D. Baltadoros, T. Garetsos, C.N. Papanicolas, E. Stiliaris
    IASA, Athens
  • A. Zolfaghari
    MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
  A de-ionized water cooling system for the IASA room temperature 10 MeV CW Linac has been constructed and successfully installed. Commissioning is undergoing achieving resistivity larger to 5M?cm with a temperature accuracy of for all three linacs. Three ways mixing valves with a stepping capability of one thousand different mixing steps fulfill independently for each section the required temperature stability and the appropriate resonance frequency to our cavities. The RF requirements for the three linacs is 190kW provided by a single high power klystron tube capable to deliver up to 500 kW CW at 2380 MHz. The klystron is been cooled with a parallel similar cooling system and a third system cools our Aluminum waveguide complex. In this paper we will present the design, specifications and results of our preliminary tests. A sophisticated control and interlock system based on EPICS guarantees the proper functioning of the system.  
 
TUPCH126 Outgassing Rate of Highly Pure Copper Electroplating Applied to RF Cavities vacuum, LEFT, KEK, simulation 1307
 
  • T. Abe, T. Kageyama, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, Y. Sato, Y. Takeuchi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Z. Kabeya, T. Kawasumi
    MHI, Nagoya
  • T. Nakamura, S. Nishihashi, K. Tsujimoto
    Asahi Kinzoku Co., Ltd., Gifu
  • K. Tajiri
    Churyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Nagoya
  We plan to apply a new copper electroplating with a high purity and a high electric conductivity to normal-conducting RF cavities for electron or positron storage rings with a high current beam. As reported in 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, our first test cavity, made of iron, with the electroplated copper surface finished up by electropolishing showed an excellent electric performance compared with the case of cavities made of oxygen free copper. Our next step is to examine the vacuum performance. This paper reports results of the outgassing-rate measurements on our second test cavity together with its fabrication process.  
 
TUPCH133 Comparison of Measured and Calculated Coupling between a Waveguide and an RF Cavity Using CST Microwave Studio coupling, simulation, damping, higher-order-mode 1328
 
  • J. Shi, H. Chen, S. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing
  • D. Li
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R.A. Rimmer, H. Wang
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Accurate predications of RF coupling between an RF cavity and ports attached to it have been an important study subject for years for RF coupler and higher order modes (HOM) damping design. We report recent progress and a method on the RF coupling simulations between waveguide ports and RF cavities using CST Microwave Studio in time domain (Transit Solver). Comparisons of the measured and calculated couplings are presented. The simulated couplings and frequencies agree within ~ 10% and ~ 0.1% with the measurements, respectively. We have simulated couplings with external Qs ranging from ~ 100 to ~ 100, 000, and confirmed with measurements. The method should also work well for higher Qs, and can be easily applied in RF power coupler designs and HOM damping for normal-conducting and superconducting cavities.  
 
TUPCH136 Phase Measurement and Compensation System in PLS 2.5 GeV Linac for PAL-XFEL feedback, klystron, XFEL, electron 1337
 
  • W.H. Hwang, J. Choi, Y.J. Han, J.Y. Huang, H.-G. Kim, S.-C. Kim, I.S. Ko, W.W. Lee
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  In PAL, We are preparing the 3.7 GeV PALXFEL project by upgrading the present 2.5GeV Linac. In present PLS Linac, the specifications of the beam energy spread and rf phase are 0.6%(peak) and 3.5 degrees(peak) respectively. And the output power of klystron is 80 MW at the pulse width of 4 ? and the repetition rate of 10 Hz. In XFEL, the specifications of the beam energy spread and rf phase are 0.03%(rms) and 0.01 degrees(rms) respectively. We developed an analogue and a digital phase measurement and rf phase compensation system for stable beam quality. This paper describes the microwave system for the PALXFEL and the rf phase measurement and phase compensation system.  
 
TUPCH140 Studies of Thermal Fatigue Caused by Pulsed RF Heating collider, linear-collider, controls, vacuum 1343
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov, Yu. Danilov, N.S. Ginzburg, N.Yu. Peskov, M.I. Petelin, A. Sergeev, A.A. Vikharev, N.I. Zaitsev
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod
  • A.V. Elzhov, A. Kaminsky, O.S. Kozlov, E.A. Perelstein, S. Sedykh, A.P. Sergeev
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • I. Syratchev
    CERN, Geneva
  A future linear collider with a multi-TeV level of energies of the collided particles in the center of masses is naturally associated with high frequencies and a high power RF level. One of the interfering factors in this way is an effect of copper damage due to multi-pulse mechanical stress caused by high-power microwaves. In order to get new information about this effect, we started an experiment with the test cavity fed by 30 GHz FEM oscillator (15-30 MW, 100-200 ns, 0.5 - 1 Hz). Now we finished the second phase of this experiment where the test cavity was irradiated by 0.1 millions of RF pulses with temperature rise ~140 C in each pulse. The third phase is the experiment with 1 million pulses. In the next planned experiment with 36 GHz magnetron (0.1-0.15 MW, 1-2 mks, 0.01 - 1 kHz) we are going to investigate the thermal fatigue in most interesting for collider application region of temperatures (30-50 C). It is expected that these two experiments will supply necessary statistical information for the developed theory of the thermal fatigue in order to extrapolate lifetime numbers to other values of the temperature rise and pulse duration.  
 
TUPCH143 High Gradient Tests of an 88 MHZ RF Cavity for Muon Cooling CERN, factory, simulation, LEFT 1352
 
  • C. Rossi, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, J. Marques Balula, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Geneva
  The scheme for a Muon Cooling channel developed at CERN in the frame of Neutrino Factory studies foresees the use of 44 and 88 MHz cavities operating at a real-estate gradient as high as 4 MV/m. To assess the feasibility of this scheme, including high-gradient operation at relatively low frequency and the production and handling of high RF peak powers, a test stand was assembled at CERN. It included an 88 MHz resonator reconstructed from a 114 MHz cavity previously used for lepton acceleration in the PS, a 2.5 MW final amplifier made out of an old linac unit improved and down-scaled in frequency, and a PS spare amplifier used as driver stage. After only 160 hours of conditioning the cavity passed the 4 MV/m level, with local peak surface field in the gap exceeding 25 MV/m (2.4 times the Kilpatrick limit). The gradient was limited by the amplifier power, the maximum RF peak output power achieved during the tests being 2.65 MW. This paper presents the results of the tests, including an analysis of field emission from the test cavity, and compares the results with the experience in conditioning ion linac RF cavities at CERN.  
 
TUPCH145 The MUCOOL RF Program RF-structure, instrumentation, target, controls 1358
 
  • J. Norem
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • A. Bross, A. Moretti, B. Norris, Z. Qian
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D. Li, S.P. Virostek, M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R.A. Rimmer
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • R. Sandstrom
    DPNC, Genève
  • Y. Torun
    IIT, Chicago, Illinois
  Efficient muon cooling requires high RF gradients in the presence of high (~3T) solenoidal fields. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) also requires that the x-ray production from these cavities is low, in order to minimize backgrounds in the particle detectors that must be located near the cavities. These cavities require thin Be windows to ensure the highest fields on the beam axis. In order to develop these cavities, the MUCOOL RF Program was started about 6 years ago. Initial measurements were made on a six-cell cavity and a single-cell pillbox, both operating at 805 MHz. We have now begun measurements of a 201 MHz pillbox cavity. This program has led to new techniques to look at dark currents, a new model for breakdown and a general model of cavity performance based on surface damage. The experimental program includes studies of thin Be windows, conditioning, dark current production from different materials, magnetic-field effects and breakdown. We will present results from measurements at both 805 and 201 MHz.  
 
TUPCH150 Improved 1.3 GHz Inductive Output Tube for Particle Accelerators synchrotron, ERLP, klystron 1373
 
  • A.E. Wheelhouse
    e2v technologies, Chelmsford, Essex
  There is an increasing requirement for RF power sources in the L-band frequency range for operation in particle accelerators. Previously (at PAC 2005), the design, development and initial testing of a new L-band 16kW cw inductive output tube (IOT) was described. This paper discusses the detailed performance characteristics of the latest EEV IOT116LS embodying the most recent design improvements and presents data demonstrating its suitability for operation at 1.3GHz in the next generation of light sources.  
 
TUPCH151 ERLP/4GLS Low Level Radio Frequency System controls, ERLP, laser, feedback 1376
 
  • A.J. Moss, P.A. Corlett, J.F. Orrett, J.H.P. Rogers
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) being constructed at Daresbury Laboratory will use an analog-based low level RF (LLRF) control system designed and built at FZR Rossendorf. Once the machine is operational, the testing and development of a digital LLRF feedback system will take place using the ERLP as a testbed.  
 
TUPCH158 High Power, Solid State RF Amplifiers Development for the EURISOL Proton Driver controls, EURISOL, simulation, coupling 1394
 
  • F. Scarpa, A. Facco, D. Zenere
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  A 5 kW solid-state RF amplifier for the SPES and EURISOL projects has been built and extensively tested. High reliability and low cost are the main goals for this device, an evolution of a 2.5 kW unit previously developed and presented at EPAC 02. The description of the amplifier, especially designed for superconducting cavities, its characteristics and test results will be illustrated and discussed, as well as the design and construction of two new 10 kW amplifier units that have recently started.  
 
TUPCH159 High Power Waveguide Switching System for SPring-8 Linac klystron, vacuum, injection, electron 1397
 
  • T. Taniuchi, T. Asaka, H. Dewa, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, A. Mizuno, S. Suzuki, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  • A. Miura
    Nihon Koshuha Co., Ltd., Yokohama
  A vacuum waveguide switch has been developed to build a backup system of an RF source for the electron injector system and the klystron drive line in the SPring-8 linac. A high power test of the waveguide switch was carried out, and the maximum RF power of 62 MW in peak, 1μsecond in pulse width and 10 pps in repetition rate was achieved without serious problems in RF and vacuum characteristics. The backup system utilizing this waveguide switch has been installed in the electron injector system.  
 
TUPCH162 Operation Results of 1 MW RF Systems for the PEFP 20 MeV Linac klystron, rfq, power-supply, proton 1402
 
  • K.T. Seol, Y.-S. Cho, H. S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  • K.R. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The PEFP 20 MeV linear accelerator is composed of a 3 MeV RFQ and 20 MeV DTL. Two sets of 1MW, 350MHz RF systems drive the RFQ and DTL. The RF system can perform a 100% duty operation. The TH2089F klystron is used as an RF source. During the test operation, only the driving RF signal of the klystron was operated in pulse mode, while the electron beam was maintained in DC mode. The klystron power supplies and cooling systems were also operated in 100% duty mode. In this paper, the operation results of 1 MW RF systems including klystron power supply and cooling system are discussed and propose possible options to improve the operation conditions based on the results.  
 
TUPCH163 Status of 30 GHz High Power RF Pulse Compressor for CTF3 CTF3, laser, CLIC, vacuum 1405
 
  • I. Syratchev
    CERN, Geneva
  A 70 ns 30 GHz pulse compressor with resonant delay lines has been built and installed in the CTF3 test area to obtain the high peak power of 150 MW necessary to demonstrate the full performance of the new CLIC accelerating structure. This pulse compressor will be commissioned at high power in 2006. Different methods to provide fast RF phase switching are discussed. The current status of the CTF3 RF pulse compressor commissioning and first results are presented.  
 
TUPCH165 Compact Single-channel Ka-band SLED-II Pulse Compressor coupling, scattering, LEFT, CLIC 1411
 
  • S.V. Kuzikov, S.V. Kuzikov, M.E. Plotkin, A.A. Vikharev
    Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
  • J.L. Hirshfield
    Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT
  Basic studies of factors that limit RF fields in warm accelerator structures require experiments at RF power levels that can only be produced from an intense drive beam, as with CLIC studies, or using pulse compression of output pulses from the RF source. This latter approach is being implemented to compress output pulses from the Yale/Omega-P 34-GHz magnicon to produce ~100-200 MW, 100 ns pulses. A new approach for passive pulse compression is described that uses a SLED-II-type circuit operating with axisymmetrical modes of the TE0n type that requires only a single channel instead of the usual double channel scheme. This allows avoidance of a 3-dB coupler and need for simultaneous fine tuning of two channels. Calculations show that with this device at 34 GHz one can anticipate a power gain of 3.3:1, and an efficiency of 66% for a 100 ns wide output pulse, taking into account losses and a realistic 50-ns long 180 degrees phase flip.  
 
TUPCH187 DSP-based Low Level RF Control as an Integrated Part of DOOCS Control System controls, feedback, DESY, electron 1450
 
  • V. Ayvazyan, A. Brandt, O. Hensler, G.M. Petrosyan, L.M. Petrosyan, K. Rehlich, S. Simrock, P. Vetrov
    DESY, Hamburg
  The Distributed Object Oriented Control System (DOOCS) has been developed at DESY as a control system for TTF/VUV-FEL. The DSP based low level RF control system is one of the main subsystems of the linac. Several DOOCS device servers and client applications have been developed to integrate low level RF control into the TTF/VUV-FEL control system. The DOOCS approach defines each hardware device as a separate object and this object is represented in a network by a device server, which handles all device functions. A client application can have access to the server data using the DOOCS application programming interface. A set of generic and specially devoted programs provide the tools for the operators to control the RF system. The RF operation at the linac is being automated by the implementation of DOOCS finite state machine servers.  
 
TUPCH194 Analogue and Digital Low Level RF for the ALBA Synchrotron controls, resonance, synchrotron, shielding 1468
 
  • F. Pérez, H. Hassanzadegan, A. Salom
    ALBA, Bellaterra
  ALBA is a 3 GeV, 400 mA, 3rd generation Synchrotron Light Source that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. The RF System will have to provide 3.6 MV of accelerating voltage and restore up to 540 kW of power to the electron beam. Two LLRF prototypes are being developed in parallel, both following the IQ modulation/demodulation technique. One is fully based on analogue technologies; the other is based on digital FPGA processing. The advantages of the IQ technique will be summarised and the control loop logic described. The hardware implementation in analogue as well as in digital format will be presented and first test results shown. The implementation of the same logic with both technologies will give us a perfect bench to compare, and use the better of them, for the final LLRF of the ALBA synchrotron.  
 
TUPCH197 Low level RF System Development for the Superconducting Cavity in NSRRC controls, feedback, klystron, FIR 1477
 
  • M.-S. Yeh, L.-H. Chang, F.-T. Chung, K.-T. Hsu, Y.-H. Lin, C. Wang
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  The present low level system in NSRRC is based on analogy feedback control scheme. It provides feedback regulation on EM field, phase, and resonant frequency of the superconducting RF cavity. In order to address the required flexibility and improve diagnostic of the RF control system, a new digital low-level RF system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed to be develop in house. The status of current analogy low level RF system and the specification of new digital FPGA based low level RF system are reposted herein.  
 
TUPLS010 New Beam Transport Line from LINAC to Photon Factory in KEK KEKB, injection, emittance, optics 1505
 
  • N. Iida, K. Furukawa, M. Ikeda, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kobayashi, T. Mitsuhashi, Y. Ogawa, M. Satoh, T. Suwada, M. Tawada, K. Yokoyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The e+/e- injector LINAC in KEK usually injects into four rings which are Low Energy Ring (LER) of KEKB (3.5GeV/e+), High Energy Ring (HER) of KEKB(8.0GeV/e-), Photon Factory (PF)(2.5GeV/e-) and Advanced Ring for pulse x-rays (PF-AR)(3.0GeV/e-). While LINAC continuously injects into LER and HER alternately about every five minutes, both of the KEKB rings usually store almost full operating currents. Time for PF or PF-AR, which includes switching time, took about 20 minutes several times a day. During this, the storage currents in KEKB rings decreased, and the optimum points of luminosity tuning had been lost. It had taken more than two hours to recover the luminosity. It is so useful for KEKB to shorten the time for switch LINAC KEKB to/from PF or PF-AR. In summer of 2005, the transport line from LINAC to PF were renewed, in which a DC bending magnet only for PF line apportions electron beam from the end of LINAC to the new line. We succeeded to reduce the occupancy time for PF injection to about five minutes. In this paper design of the new PF beam transport line and the practical performance achieved according to the design are described.  
 
TUPLS025 Racetrack Non-scaling FFAG for Muon Acceleration betatron, acceleration, lattice, focusing 1544
 
  • D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The non-scaling Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) machines have very strong focusing, large momentum acceptance, and small dispersion and betatron functions. This report is a study of using a compact non-scaling FFAG in combination with the superconducting linac to accelerate the muons. The drift space between two kinds of combined function magnets in the previous non-scaling FFAG is removed. The time of flight in the non-scaling FFAG has a parabolic dependence on momentum. The large energy acceptance of the machine requires matching between the linac and the non-scaling FFAG arcs for both the betatron and dispersion functions over the entire energy range.  
 
TUPLS028 An Irradiation System for Carbon Stripper Foils with 750 keV H- Beams target, ion, ion-source, KEK 1550
 
  • A. Takagi, Y. Arakida, Z. Igarashi, K.I. Ikegami, C. Kubota, I. Sugai, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Dairaku, N. Saito, A. Sato, K. Senzaki
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Y. Irie
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  Carbon stripper foils of around 300 ug/cm2 will be used as a stripping of H-ion beam of the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the J-PARC. The foil should have a long lifetime with mechanically strong against high temperature of 1800K due to high-energy deposition by high intensity H-ion and circulating bunched proton beam irradiations. For this purpose, we have installed a new irradiation system using high intensity pulsed and dc H-beams of the KEK 750keV Cocksfoot-Walton accelerator. By adjusting the peak intensity and the pulse length of the hydrogen beams appropriately, the energy deposition becomes equivalent to that exerted by the incoming H- and the circulating beams at the injection process of the RCS. The new irradiation system and some preliminary results of the carbon stripper foil will be reported.  
 
TUPLS031 Commissioning of the ISAC-II Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac at TRIUMF acceleration, ion, heavy-ion, vacuum 1556
 
  • R.E. Laxdal, W. Andersson, K. Fong, M. Marchetto, A.K. Mitra, W.R. Rawnsley, I. Sekachev, G. Stanford, V.A. Verzilov, V. Zviagintsev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A new heavy ion superconducting linac at TRIUMF is being installed to boost the final energy of radioactive beams from ISAC from 1.5MeV/u to above the Coulomb barrier. A first stage of 20MV consisting of five medium beta cryomodules each with four quarter wave bulk niobium cavities and a superconducting solenoid is being commissioned in early 2006. The cavities (Beta0=0.057, 0.071) operate cw at 106MHz with design peak fields of Ep=30MV/m, Bp=60mT while delivering an accelerating voltage of 1.08MV at ~4W power consumption. The report will summarize the commissioning results and early operating experience.  
 
TUPLS032 Superconducting Driver Linac for the New Spiral 2 Radioactive Ion Beam Facility GANIL ion, rfq, heavy-ion, ion-source 1559
 
  • T. Junquera
    IPN, Orsay
  The new Spiral 2 facility will deliver high intensity rare isotope beams for fundamental research in nuclear physics, and high neutron flux for multidisciplinary applications. Based into the ISOL and in-flight isotope production methods this facility will cover broad areas of the nuclide chart. The driver accelerator must deliver CW beams of deuterons (40 MeV, 5 mA) and heavy ions (q/A=1/3, 15 MeV/A, 1 mA). The injector is composed of two ion sources (deuterons and heavy ions) and a common RFQ cavity (88 MHz). The Superconducting Linac is composed of two sections of Quarter Wave Resonators (beta 0.07 and 0.12, frequency 88 MHz) with room temperature focusing devices. After two years of preliminary study, and following the recent decision to launch the construction phase, a complete design of the Driver Accelerator is presently completed. Important results have been obtained during the initial R&D phase, in particular on ion sources, RFQ and superconducting resonators prototypes. Status report on both the design and the prototype performances will be given in this contribution.  
 
TUPLS033 First Stage of a 40 MeV Proton Deuteron Accelerator Commissioning Results ion, ion-source, rfq, proton 1562
 
  • C. Piel, K. Dunkel, M. Pekeler, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  In 2006 the first stage of a 40MeV superconducting linear accelerator for protons and deuterons will be commissioned at SOREQ. This paper will present commissioning of the ECR source after final assembly. First results of the 1.5MeV/u cw RFQ are expected, further test results of the beta=0.09 half wave superconducting resonators are presented, and resonator geometry improvements with respect to electron multipacting behaviour will be discussed. An outlook on the project with respect to achieve the final energy of 40MeV will be given.  
 
TUPLS034 UNILAC Upgrade Programme for the Heavy Element Research at GSI-SHIP ion, rfq, ion-source, target 1565
 
  • W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, S. Hofmann, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the field of heavy-element research using the velocity separator SHIP significant achievements were made at GSI during the last 30 years. The experiences obtained of experiments clearly show that superheavy-element research was always based on efforts to extend the limits of technical possibilities - of these the increase of beam intensity is one of the major contributions. This paper provides for technical information on the already planned upgrades of the present facility, which results in a significant overall increase of the experimental sensitivity. It is foreseen to investigate and to build a sc 28 GHz-ECR ion source, which should increase the primary beam intensities. The beam coming from the new ECR source will be delivered to the GSI-High Charge State Injector by a second LEBT-system. An upgrade program for the rf-amplifiers and the rf-structures is intended to increase the duty factor from 30 % to 50 %. Besides the ECR-source a new RFQ accelerator and the IH structure may alternatively serve as an injector for an new advanced stand alone accelerator providing for 100 % duty factor. Two different linac-layouts will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS036 Status of the Linac-commissioning for the Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility HIT rfq, ion, GSI, proton 1571
 
  • M.T. Maier, R. Baer, W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, C. Dorn, T.G. Fleck, L. Groening, C.M. Kleffner, C. Müller, A. Peters, B. Schlitt, M. Schwickert, K. Tinschert, H. Vormann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Cee, B. Naas, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A clinical facility for cancer therapy using energetic proton and ion beams (C, He and O) is under construction and will be installed at the Radiologische Universitätsklinik in Heidelberg, Germany. It consists of two ECR ion sources, a 7 MeV/u linac injector and a 6.5 Tm synchrotron to accelerate the ions to final energies of 50-430 MeV/u. The linac comprises a 400 keV/u RFQ and a 7 MeV/u IH-DTL operating at 216.8 MHz. In this contribution the current status of the linear accelerator is reported. After first tests with 1H+ beam of the RFQ at GSI, the commissioning of the accelerator in Heidelberg has already started. The commissioning with beam is performed in three steps for the LEBT, the RFQ and the IH-DTL. For this purpose a versatile beam diagnostic test bench has been designed. It consists of a slit-grid emittance measurement device, transverse pick-ups providing for time of flight energy measurements, SEM-profile grids and different devices for beam current measurements. This paper will provide for a status report of the linac-commissioning.  
 
TUPLS039 Proposal of a Normal Conducting CW-RFQ for the EURISOL Post-accelerator and a Dedicated Beta-beam Linac Concept rfq, EURISOL, ion, emittance 1580
 
  • A. Bechtold, H. Podlech
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A combination of three superconducting RFQs has been proposed for the EURISOL post accelerator layout. At least the first RFQ of this triplet could be replaced by a normal conducting continuous wave (c.w.) device. Efficient cooling systems have already been designed and applied to existing machines at the IAP in Frankfurt. Preliminary electrode and cavity designs can be presented. Since a parallel use for beta-beam applications was intended, we have optimized the design not only for heavy ion applications with negligible beam currents at c.w. but also for lighter ions with currents up to 7.5 mA at pulsed operation. More recent investigations on beta-beams came up with currents around 50 mA, which then would make a separate linac solution for beta-beams necessary. We worked out some preliminary design suggestions for such a dedicated 100 MeV/u machine.  
 
TUPLS043 Simulations for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment simulation, emittance, rfq, space-charge 1591
 
  • J. Thibus, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  Beam simulations for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment are done with RFQSim and FUSIONS. RFQSim is responsible for the beam transport through an RFQ accelerator. Behind the accelerator the particle dynamic program FUSIONS calculates the macro bunches of both beam lines through an r.f. funneling deflector. A new space charge routine has now been included. The status of the development of FUSIONS and the results of the simulations will be presented.  
 
TUPLS047 An Analysis of Lumped Circuit Equation for Side Coupled Linac (SCL) coupling, SCL, insertion, booster 1600
 
  • V.G. Vaccaro, A. D'Elia
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  The behaviour of a SCL module is generally described by resorting to an equation system borrowed from lumped circuit theories. This description holds for a narrow frequency band (mono-modal cavity behaviour). A milestone in this field is represented by the classical analysis made by Knapp & alii where the equations allow for the resonant frequencies of the cavities and the first and second order coupling constants. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (resonant frequencies of the system and relevant current amplitudes) are also given. We show that the system is not correct in the second and last but one equations for the case of half cell termination and non zero second order coupling constants. Due to the relevance of this formulation and of the case treated, we pay a particular attention to find the missing terms in the above mentioned equation. We suggest a correction term, having in addition a deep meaning from electromagnetic point of view. By means of this term we may justify the analytical solution given by the authors. Some numerical examples are also given showing that a discrepancy appears comparing the new equations with the results of the non-correct formulation.  
 
TUPLS048 Optimization Design of a Side Coupled Linac (SCL) for Protontherapy: a New Feeding Solution proton, cyclotron, SCL, acceleration 1603
 
  • V.G. Vaccaro, A. D'Elia
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli
  • T. Clauser, A.C. Rainò
    Bari University, Science Faculty, Bari
  • C. De Martinis, D. Giove, M. Mauri
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • S. Lanzone
    CERN, Geneva
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  • R.J. Rush
    e2v technologies, Chelmsford, Essex
  • V. Variale
    INFN-Bari, Bari
  It is proposed to use an SCL, starting at 30MeV, up to 230MeV. The linac consists of 25 modules (two tanks each). Twelve, 3GHz power generators, feed two modules in parallel, with the last power generator feeding the last module. The SCL is designed, assuming a mean accelerating field in the cavities of 16,5MV/m. The longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics has been studied, assuming that the input parameters (emittance, energy spread and mean current) are those of commercial 30MeV cyclotrons. The characteristics of the ejected beam were analysed: the transmittance value is largely sufficient to deliver a correct dose for therapy; the beam line activation is kept largely below allowed levels; the output energy spread is sufficiently small. The first prototype module is under construction and a second one is under design. Contacts with e2v have been established for defining an agreement, which proposes to use magnetrons as feeders for the acceleration tests. Attention was therefore paid to phase locking constraints between feeders. Theoretical studies suggest that transmittance stays constant if de-phasing is kept into values that seem attainable with magnetrons.  
 
TUPLS049 A Rationale to Design Side Coupled Linac (SCL): a Faster and More Reliable Tool SCL, coupling, booster, simulation 1606
 
  • V.G. Vaccaro, A. D'Elia
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  A module of an SCL is formed by a cascade of two or more tanks, connected by a Bridge Couplers (BC) with an RF feeder, which realizes a well defined accelerating field configuration in all the coupled cavities. Even resorting to geometrical scaling for the design of the adjacent tanks in the module it is not possible to reproduce the same e-m parameters. In addition to this the BC's for each tanks have a different geometrical design because of phasing constraints. The standard procedure may leads a very slow convergence of the design to the optimum and it is not in general clear if the optimum is reached. In this paper a rationale for designing a module of an SCL will be described and it will be presented its application to PALME first module (30-3???MeV). From a lumped circuit model one may get useful relations between e-m global response of the system and single cell parameters. Therefore it provides a certain number of tools which are used for the designing steps in connection with the standard electromagnetic CAD's, the results of which were used as "measurements".  
 
TUPLS052 Beam Dynamics of the PEFP Linac rfq, proton, emittance, quadrupole 1612
 
  • J.-H. Jang, Y.-S. Cho, K.Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  The PEFP Linac consists of a 50 keV ion source, LEBT, 3 MeV RFQ, 20 MeV DTL called DTL1, MEBT, and 100 MeV DTL called DTL2. The MEBT includes two small DTL tanks, which match the 20 MeV proton beams into the DTL2, and a bending magnet, which extracts the 20 MeV proton beams to the experimental hall. We will present the full beam dynamics study from the entrance of the DTL1 to the end of DTL2 with the initial beam parameters obtained from a simulation study of the RFQ. Our study focuses on the longitudinal beam matching in order to compensate the missing RF effect between every neighboring DTL tanks as well as the full beam matching between DTL1 and DTL2.  
 
TUPLS055 First Section of a 352 MHz Prototype Alvarez DTL Tank for the CERN SPL quadrupole, CERN, proton, laser 1621
 
  • S.V. Plotnikov, A.P. Durkin, D. Kashinskiy, V.A. Koshelev, T. Kulevoy, S. Minaev, V. Pershin, B.Y. Sharkov, V. Skachkov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • V.F. Basmanov, V.A. Demanov, I.D. Goncharov, E.S. Mikhailov, N.I. Moskvin, S.T. Nazarenko, V.S. Pavlov, V.V. Porkhaev, V.T. Punin, A.V. Telnov, V.N. Yanovsky, N.V. Zavyalov, S.A. Zhelezov
    VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod)
  In the Linac4/SPL projects at CERN, 352 MHz 30 mA DTL Alvarez accelerating structure will be used to accelerate protons between 3 and 40 MeV. The R&D for the development of a prototype structure for the energy range from 3 to 10 MeV is taking place jointly at ITEP and VNIIEF. The design of this 2.7 m Alvarez tank containing 27 drift tubes is described in this document. Results of calculations of the section parameters are presented. One of the main features of the design is the use of permanent magnets made of SmCo5 alloy as quadrupole focusing lenses (PMQ) inside the drift tubes. Details of the experimental PMQ-equipped drift tube are described.  
 
TUPLS057 Linac4, a New Injector for the CERN PS Booster rfq, CERN, SCL, emittance 1624
 
  • R. Garoby, G. Bellodi, F. Gerigk, K. Hanke, A.M. Lombardi, M. Pasini, C. Rossi, E.Zh. Sargsyan, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Geneva
  The first bottle-neck towards higher beam brightness in the LHC injector chain is due to space charge induced tune spread at injection in the CERN PS Booster (PSB). A new injector called Linac4 is proposed to remove this limitation. Using RF cavities at 352 and 704 MHz, it will replace the present 50 MeV proton Linac2, and deliver a 160 MeV, 40 mA H beam. The higher injection energy will reduce space charge effects by a factor of 2, and charge exchange will drastically reduce the beam losses at injection. Operation will be simplified and the beam brightness required for the LHC ultimate luminosity should be obtained at PS ejection. Moreover, for the needs of non-LHC physics experiments like ISOLDE, the number of protons per pulse from the PSB will increase by a significant factor. This new linac constitutes an essential component of any of the envisaged LHC upgrade scenarios, which can also become the low energy part of a future 3.5 GeV, multi-megawatt superconducting linac (SPL). The present design has benefited from the support of the French CEA and IN2P3, of the European Union and of the ISTC (Moscow). The proposed machine and its layout on the CERN site are described.  
 
TUPLS082 The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum (FRANZ) proton, target, GSI, space-charge 1690
 
  • L.P. Chau, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, K. Volk
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • M. Heil
    FZ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
  About 40ns long proton pulses with an energy of 120keV and currents of up to 200mA will be produced at the 150kV high current injector with a rep.rate of up to 250kHz. The main acceleration will be done by a 175MHz-RFQ. After this section the proton bunches will have an energy of about 1.7MeV. A 4-gap cavity will allow for an energy increase up to 2.2MeV.In order to get 1ns short pulses at the Li-7-Target we propose a buncher-system of the Mobley-Type*, whereby periodic deflection at one focus of a dipole-magnet guides the bunche train from the linac on different paths to the other focus, where the n-production traget is located in the time focus.By 7Li(p,n)B·107 reactions low-energy neutron bunches will be produced with an averaged integrated flux-density of 4*107/(cm2 s) at a distance of 0.4m. The upper limit for the neutron spectra will be 500keV. The main challange with respect to this buncher is the strong space charge action, which has to be treated by careful particle simulations. FRANZ is among other duties well suited for (n,gamma)-cross-sectional measurements with astrophysical relevance**/***. It is characterised by high n-intensities and by its pulse-structure.

*Phys. Rev. 88(2), 360-361 (1951). **Phys. Rev. C 71, 025803 (2005).***Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 092504 (2005).

 
 
TUPLS094 Development of a Permanent Magnet Microwave Ion Source for Medical Accelerators ion, permanent-magnet, ion-source, proton 1723
 
  • S. Hara, T. Iga, M. Tanaka
    Hitachi, Ltd., Power & Industrial Systems R&D Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken
  A permanent magnet microwave ion source was developed to improve availability of proton accelerator application systems based on industrial microwave ion source technologies. The ion source needs no filament in the discharge chamber, which leads to reliability improvement and less maintenance time. Because the ion source uses a permanent magnet, the ion source needs no coils, no coil power and no coil coolant. The hydrogen beam of over 60 mA has been extracted from a single 5mm diameter aperture with a proton fraction of 85% at a microwave power of 1.3kW. Rise times of the microwave power and beam current to 90 % of the final value were about 30 and 100μseconds respectively at a pulse operation mode with 400μseconds pulse width and 20 Hz repetition rate. These performance parameters are equal to the solenoid coil ion source parameters, making the ion source desirable for accelerator applications like proton therapy systems.  
 
TUPLS097 Application of DPIS to IH Linac plasma, laser, target, ion 1729
 
  • J. Tamura, J. Hasegawa, T. Hattori, N. Hayashizaki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito
    Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  We are now designing a Laser Ion Source (LIS), which will be operated with an Inter-digital H (IH) structure linac using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). The DPIS has been applied to RFQ linacs and has successfully achieved very high current with simple structure. The IH structure linac was designed to accept 40 keV proton beam which could be produced by the DPIS. The combination of the DPIS and IH structure linac will realize quite compact accelerator complex with intense proton beam. The detailed design study of a plasma production chamber with a cryogenic cooler is investigated.  
 
TUPLS108 Realization of Thick Hybrid Type Carbon Stripper Foils with High Durability at 1800K for RCS of J-PARC DIAMOND, injection, vacuum, ion 1753
 
  • I. Sugai, K. Hara, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki
    RLNR, Tokyo
  • Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  The J-PARC requires thick carbon stripper foils (250-500 ug/cm2) to strip electrons from the H-beam supplied by the linac before injection into a 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The 200 MeV H- beam from the linac has a pulse length of 0.5 ms with a repetition rate of 25 Hz and an average beam current of 335 uA. By much energy deposition of these high-intensity H- and circulating bunched beams, commercially available best stripper foils (CM) will break in a very short time and even a diamond foil will rupture at around 1800K by MW class accelerators. We have realized for first time the hybrid boron doped carbon stripper foils with long life time for J-PARC. The foils of 250-500 ug/cm2 were made by a controlled DC arc-discharge method. The lifetime was tested by using 3.2 MeV Ne+ DC beam of 2.5 uA and 750 keV H- DC beam of 500 uA, in which a significant amount of energy was deposited in the foils. The maximum lifetime was extremely long, 120- and 480-times than those of diamond and CM foils. The foils were also free from any shrinkage, and showed low thickness reduction rate even at high temperature of 1800K during long time irradiation of 90h.  
 
TUPLS109 Present Status of the L3BT for J-PARC injection, emittance, simulation, quadrupole 1756
 
  • T. Ohkawa
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • M. Ikegami
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  L3BT is a beam transport line from J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) linac to the succeeding 3-GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron). The construction of the L3BT has been almost finished. The beam commissioning of the L3BT will be started soon. On the other hand we have performed 3D particle simulations with PARMILA and IMPACT to evaluate the performance of the halo scraping, momentum compaction and beam diagnostics. In this paper, results of the beam simulation of the L3BT are presented. The construction status of the L3BT is also presented in brief.  
 
TUPLS111 Experimental Results of the Shift Bump Magnet in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS injection, power-supply, extraction, controls 1762
 
  • T. Takayanagi, Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Kuramochi, O. Takeda, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  The shift bump magnet produces a fixed main bump orbit to merge the injection beam into the circulating beam. In order to control the injection beam for the short injection time (500 microseconds) with sufficient accuracy, the shift bump magnet needs a wide uniform magnetic field and the high speed exciting pattern of the high current. The magnetic field design and the structural analysis of the shift bump magnets have been performed using three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis code and mechanical analysis code, respectively. The magnetic field distributions were measured with a long search coil, thus giving a BL product over a magnet gap area. The temperature distributions at the various points of the magnet were measured by thermocouples over 24 hours till they saturated. General trend of these measurements agrees well with calculations.  
 
TUPLS117 Beam Transport Lines for the CSNS target, RTBT, beam-transport, beam-losses 1780
 
  • J. Tang, G.H. Wei, C. Zhang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  This paper presents the design of two beam transport lines at the CSNS: one is the injection line from the linac to the RCS and the other is the target line from the RCS to the target station. In the injection beam line, space charge effects, transverse halo collimation, momentum tail collimation and debunching are the main concerned topics. A new method of using triplet cells and stripping foils is used to collimate transverse halo. A long straight section is reserved for the future upgrading linac and debuncher. In the target beam line, large halo emittance, beam stability at the target due to kicker failures and beam jitters, shielding of back-scattering neutrons from the target are main concerned topics. Special bi-gap magnets will be used to reduce beam losses in the collimators in front of the target.  
 
TUPLS118 Injection System Design for the CSNS/RCS injection, proton, emittance, electron 1783
 
  • J. Tang, Y. Chen, Y.L. Chi, Y.L. Jiang, W. Kang, J.B. Pang, Q. Qin, J. Qiu, L. Shen, S. Wang
    IHEP Beijing, Beijing
  • J. Wei
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The CSNS injection system is designed to take one uninterrupted long drift in one of the four dispersion-free straight sections to host all the injection devices. Painting bumper magnets are used for both horizontal and vertical phase space painting. Closed-orbit bumper magnets are used for facilitating the installation of the injection septa and decreasing proton traversal in the stripping foil. Even with large beam emittance of about 300 pmm.mrad used, BSNS/RCS still approaches the space charge limit during the injection/trapping phase for the accumulated particles of 1.9*1013 and at the low injection energy of 80 MeV. Uniform-like beam distribution by well-designed painting scheme is then obtained to decrease the tune shift/spread. ORBIT code is used for the 3D simulations. Upgrading to higher injection energy has also been considered.  
 
WEXPA02 New Developments on RF Power Sources klystron, storage-ring, DIAMOND, ESRF 1842
 
  • J. Jacob
    ESRF, Grenoble
  The classical generation of RF power with klystrons and tetrodes is evolving and changing to meet the demands of higher efficiency and simpler maintenance. Developments of IOT tubes for FEL, Energy Recovery Linacs and Storage Rings, together with solid state technology approaches and combination techniques for high power generation are opening new alternatives to the classical ones. An overview of the new concepts, designs and solutions applied to the new accelerators will be presented. Advantages and drawbacks of new versus classical technologies as well as strategies for the selection will be discussed.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEXPA03 Digital Low Level RF controls, feedback, collider, CERN 1847
 
  • M.-E. Angoletta
    CERN, Geneva
  The demand on high stability and precision on the RF voltage for modern accelerators, as well as better diagnostics, maintenance and flexibility is driving the community to develop Digital Low Level RF systems (DLLRF) for the new linear accelerators, but also for synchrotrons. An overview of the state of the art in digital technologies applied to DLLRF systems and an overview of the different designs developed or in development at the different labs will be presented.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEYPA01 Beam Delivery System in ILC quadrupole, electron, feedback, luminosity 1852
 
  • G.A. Blair
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
  The presentation will review the challenges of this key ILC sub-system in terms of beam performances, machine protection system, collimation, interaction with the detector and compare them with the achievements in SLC and FFTB. It will then present the world-wide organization to define and make the necessary R&D for the design, beam simulations and benchmarking in tests facilities, especially the ATF2 facility under construction at KEK. It will explore the major issues both from the beam dynamics and the technological point of view, as well as the plans foreseen and the schedule to address them. It will finally analyze the possible upgrade in energy together with the possible limitations and associated issues.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEYPA03 CLIC Feasibility Study in CTF3 CTF3, CLIC, collider, CERN 1862
 
  • A. Ghigo
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  After a reminder of the CLIC scheme towards multi-TeV Linear Collider and of the main challenges of this novel technology, the presentation will focus on the CTF3 test facility presently under construction at CERN to address all key issues in a multi-lateral collaboration. It will present the status of the facility and of the technological developments, especially the high field accelerating structures and the RF power production, the performances already achieved as well as the plans and schedule for the future. It will finally compare the CTF3 results with those foreseen by the theory and the corresponding benchmarking of CLIC simulations.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEOAPA02 Optimum Frequency and Gradient for the CLIC Main Linac luminosity, CLIC, emittance, damping 1867
 
  • A. Grudiev, D. Schulte, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva
  A novel procedure for the optimization of the operating frequency, the accelerating gradient, and many other parameters of the CLIC main linac is presented. Based on the new accelerating structure design HDS (Hybrid Damped Structure), the optimization procedure takes into account both beam dynamics (BD) and RF constraints. BD constraints are related to emittance growth due to short- and long-range transverse wakefields. RF constraints are related to RF breakdown and pulsed surface heating limitations of the accelerating structure. Interpolation of beam and structure parameters in a wide range allows hundreds of millions of structures to be analyzed. Only those structures which satisfy BD and RF constraints are evaluated further in terms of ratio of luminosity to main linac input power, which is used as the figure of merit. The frequency and gradient have been varied in the range 12-30 GHz and 90-150 MV/m, respectively. It is shown that the optimum frequency varies in the range from 16 to 20 GHz depending on the accelerating gradient and that the optimum gradient is below 100 MV/m and that changing frequency and gradient can double the luminosity for the same main linac input power.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEOBPA02 LEIR Commissioning ion, LHC, injection, controls 1876
 
  • C. Carli, P. Beloshitsky, L. Bojtar, M. Chanel, K. Cornelis, B. Dupuy, J. Duran-Lopez, T. Eriksson, S.S. Gilardoni, D. Manglunki, E. Matli, S. Maury, C. Oliveira, S. Pasinelli, J. Pasternak, F. Roncarolo, G. Tranquille
    CERN, Geneva
  The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is a central piece of the injector chain for LHC ion operation, transforming long Linac 3 pulses into high density bunches needed for LHC. LEIR commissioning is scheduled to be completed at the time of the conference. A review of LEIR commissioning highlighting expected and unexpected problems and actions to tackle them will be given.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEIFI01 How to Create a Business out of Manufacturing Linacs proton, ion, synchrotron, cyclotron 1911
 
  • R.W. Hamm, M.E. Hamm
    AccSys, Pleasanton, California
  AccSys Technology, Inc. was established in 1985 by the author and several colleagues to sell ion linacs based on the new linac technology that had just been developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The company is now the leading manufacturer of turn-key ion linacs for several markets worldwide. This paper will describe the history of AccSys and how it has survived more than 20 years manufacturing these specialized products. The similarities of AccSys' history to that of a small electron linac manufacturer established in 1970 will also be described to provide a general concept of what is required to create a business out of manufacturing linacs.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEPCH007 Beam Dynamics Studies for the Spiral-2 Project ion, SPIRAL2, dipole, proton 1930
 
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  • P. Bertrand
    GANIL, Caen
  • D. Uriot
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The SPIRAL-2 superconducting linac driver, which aims to deliver 5 mA, 20 A.MeV deuterons and 1 mA, 14.5 A.MeV q/A=1/3 heavy ions, is now entering the construction phase. It is composed of an injector composed of two ECR sources entering a 88 MHz RFQ, followed by a superconducting section based on independently phased quarter-wave cavities with warm focusing. This paper presents the status of the beam dynamics studies recently performed during this construction phase: consolidation and freezing of the linac design, update of the mass separation system or analysis of the proton capability.  
 
WEPCH017 Front-to-end Simulation of the Injector Linac for the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre simulation, ion, rfq, quadrupole 1957
 
  • R. Cee
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • C.M. Kleffner, M.T. Maier, B. Schlitt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The injector linac of the Heidelberg ion beam therapy centre is currently in the commissioning phase. Its main components are two electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) and an interdigital H-type drift tube linac (IH-DTL). It will be able to accelerate beams of hydrogen-, helium-, carbon- and oxygen-ions up to a specific energy of 7 MeV per nucleon. This contribution focuses on the beam dynamics simulation of the transport lines and the accelerating structures. Three dedicated tools have been employed: Mirko for the beam transport, RFQmed for the particle dynamics through the RFQ and LORASR for the acceleration in the IH-DTL. Between the different beam dynamics codes interfaces have been implemented and a front-to-end simulation has been performed. Comparisons with alternative programmes confirm the results obtained. The work will enable us to investigate the behaviour of the machine in a theoretical model during the forthcoming operating.  
 
WEPCH030 Beam Dynamics of a 175MHz RFQ for an IFMIF Project rfq, coupling, emittance, quadrupole 1990
 
  • S. Maebara, S. Moriyama, M.S. Sugimoto
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • M.S. Saigusa
    Ibaraki University, Electrical and Electronic Eng., Ibaraki
  International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is an accelerator-based neutron irradiation facility employing the D-Li stripping reaction, to produce the neutron field similar to the D-T Fusion reactor (2MW/m2, 20 dpa/year for Fe). The required beam current of 250 mA is realized by two beam lines of 125mA, and the output energies at injector, RFQ and DTL were designed to be 0.1, 5 and 40 MeV, respectively. The operation frequency of 175MHz was selected to accelerate the large current of 125mA. After an intensive beam simulation, the RFQ with a total length of 12.6 m was designed to keep the minimum emittance growth with the RF injection power of 2.3MW CW. For such a 12m-long RFQ, two coupling plates are indispensable in order to suppress higher modes in a longitudinal direction at least. From beam dynamics point views, the transmission co-efficient has been evaluated by TOUTATIS code, and it is found that the transmission decay within 0.5% can be achieved by employing a gap width of less than 4mm for a coupling plate design.  
 
WEPCH036 Design of Short Bunch Compressors for the International Linear Collider emittance, damping, optics, acceleration 1999
 
  • E.-S. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  We present a two-stage bunch compressor system that was selected as alternative design in the ILC BCD (baseline configuration design). Initial beam with bunch length of 6 mm rms can be compressed to 150 micron rms in the bunch compressor, but the system uses a single chicane for each stage of compression, rather than the 12 chicanes used in the baseline design. We present the design scheme and performances of the system in detail, including scheme for emittance tuning in the system.  
 
WEPCH046 Design and Validation with Measurements of the LEIR Injection Line optics, ion, quadrupole, dipole 2020
 
  • F. Roncarolo, C. Carli, M. Chanel, L.D. Dumas, R. Scrivens
    CERN, Geneva
  The CERN Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) commissioning started in the year 2005. O4+ and Pb54+ 4.2 MeV/nucleon ion beams are transferred from Linac 3 to LEIR through a low energy transfer line, for which the constraints and the resulting optics design are presented. First trajectory and dispersion measurements agreed only poorly with the theoretical model. Iterations of a refined optics model and further measurements improved the agreement between experimental observations and expectations. In particular, the effect of quadrupolar errors in the line dipole magnets is discussed.  
 
WEPCH061 SABER Optical Design electron, positron, SLAC, sextupole 2062
 
  • R.A. Erickson, K.L.F. Bane, P. Emma, Y. Nosochkov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  SABER, the South Arc Beam Experimental Region, is a proposed new beam line facility designed to replace the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. In this paper, we outline the optical design features and beam parameters now envisioned for SABER. A magnetic chicane to compress positron bunches for SABER and a bypass line that could transport electrons or positrons from the two-thirds point of the linac to SABER, bypassing the LCLS systems, are also discussed.  
 
WEPCH118 LORASR Code Development rfq, simulation, space-charge, proton 2194
 
  • R. Tiede, G. Clemente, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A.C. Sauer
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • S. Minaev
    ITEP, Moscow
  LORASR is specialized on the beam dynamics design of Separate Function DTL's based on the 'Combined 0 Degree Structure (KONUS)' beam dynamics concept. The code has been used for the beam dynamics design of several linacs already in operation (GSI-HLI, GSI-HSI, CERN Linac 3, TRIUMF ISAC-I) or scheduled for the near future (Heidelberg Therapy Injector, GSI Proton Linac). Recent code development was focused on the implementation of a new PIC 3D FFT space charge routine, facilitating time-efficient simulations with up to 1 million macro particles routinely, as well as of tools for error study and loss profile investigations. The LORASR code was successfully validated within the European HIPPI Project activities: It is the Poisson solver benchmarking and the GSI UNILAC Alvarez section tracking comparison programme. The error study tools are a stringent necessity for the design of future high intensity linacs. The new LORASR release will have a strong impact on the design of the GSI FAIR Facility Proton Linac, as well as the transmission investigations on the IFMIF Accelerator. This paper presents the status of the LORASR code development and the benchmarking results.  
 
WEPCH140 Recent Improvements of PLACET CLIC, simulation, ground-motion, luminosity 2251
 
  • A. Latina, H. Burkhardt, L. Neukermans, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas
    CERN, Geneva
  • P. Eliasson
    Uppsala University, Uppsala
  • J. Resta-López
    IFIC, Valencia
  The tracking code PLACET is used to simulate the beam transport in linear colliders from the damping ring to the interaction point and beyond. Recent improvements of the code are presented. They include the possibility to simulate bunch compressors and to use parallel computer systems.  
 
WEPCH164 High Power RF Tests of the First Module of the TOP Linac SCDTL Structure coupling, proton, booster, impedance 2313
 
  • L. Picardi, C. Cianfarani, G. Messina, G.L. Orlandi, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • E. Cisbani, S.F. Frullani
    ISS, Rome
  The TOP Linac (Oncological Therapy with Protons), under development by ENEA and ISS, is a sequence of three pulsed (5 microseconds, 300 Hz) linear accelerators: a 7 MeV, 425 MHz RFQ+DTL (AccSys Model PL-7), a 7-65 MeV, 2998 MHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL), and a 65-200 MeV, variable energy 2998 MHz Side Coupled Linac (SCL). The first SCDTL module structure, composed by nine DTL tanks coupled by eight side cavities, has been built. Low power RF measurements have shown good field uniformity and stability along the axis. The structure has been tested with a 1 - 4 MW power RF. Results of low and high power tests are reported and discussed.  
 
WEPCH165 A Nonlinear Transport Line for the Optimization of F18 Production by the TOP Linac Injector target, octupole, proton, quadrupole 2316
 
  • C. Ronsivalle, C. Cianfarani, G. Messina, G.L. Orlandi, L. Picardi
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • E. Cisbani, S.F. Frullani
    ISS, Rome
  The injector of the TOP Linac (Oncological Therapy with Protons), under development by ENEA and ISS, consists of a 7 MeV, 425 MHz RFQ+DTL (AccSys Model PL-7). It is actually in operation at ENEA-Frascati Laboratories for the production of the positron-emitting radionuclide F18 for PET analyses by an intense proton beam (8 - 10 mA, 50 - 100 μs, 30 - 100 Hz). At the exit of the injector, the beam is guided through a magnetic channel to a target composed by a thin chamber (0.5 mm thick and 1-inch diameter) containing water enriched with O18. Recently, to the original quadrupole transport channel, a non-linear magnet system using octupoles has been added in order to flatten the proton beam distribution and optimize the radioisotope production. In the paper the details of the octupole design and beam dynamic study and the first measurements results are presented.  
 
WEPCH166 Beam Test of Thermionic Cathode X-band RF-gun and Linac for Monochromatic Hard X-ray Source laser, electron, photon, cathode 2319
 
  • K. Dobashi, A. Fukasawa, M. D. Meng, T. Natsui, F. Sakamoto, M. Uesaka, T. Yamamoto
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  • M. Akemoto, H. Hayano, T. Higo, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  A compact hard X-ray source based on laser-electron collision is proposed. The X-band linac is introduced to realize a very compact system. 2MeV electron beam with average current 2μampere at 10 pps, 200 ns of RF pulse is generated by a thermionic cathode X-band RF-gun. Beam acceleration and X-ray generation experiment by the X-band beam line are under way.  
 
WEPCH169 Alternating Phase Focused IH-DTL for Heavy-ion Medical Accelerators ion, rfq, acceleration, emittance 2328
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, S. H. Hojo, M. Kanazawa, N. M. Miyahara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, H. Ogawa, Y. S. Sakamoto, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Fujimoto, T. Takeuchi
    AEC, Chiba
  • T. Mitsumoto, H. Tsutsui, T. Ueda, T. Watanabe
    SHI, Tokyo
  Tumor therapy using HIMAC has been performed at NIRS since June 1994. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, a number of projects to construct these complexes have been proposed over the world. Since existing heavy-ion linacs are large in size, the development of compact linacs would play a key role in designing compact and cost-effective complexes. Therefore, we developed an injector system consisting of RFQ and Interdigital H-mode (IH) DTL having the frequency of 200 MHz. The injector system can accelerate carbon ions up to 4.0 AMeV. For the beam focusing of IH-DTL, the method of Alternating Phase Focusing (APF) was employed. With the IH structure and rather high frequency, the cavity size is compact; the radius is 0.4 m, and lengths of RFQ and IH-DTL are 2.5m and 3.5m respectively. The fabrication of RFQ was completed, and we succeeded to accelerate carbon ions with satisfactory performances. For IH-DTL, the full-scale model was first fabricated. With the encouraging result* of its electric field measurement, we constructed IH-DTL and beam acceleration tests will be performed in March 2006. We will present the performances of the entire injector system.

*Y. Iwata et al., Nucl Instr. & Meth in Phys. Res. A (submitted).

 
 
WEPCH175 Design of 12 MEV RTM for Multiple Applications electron, acceleration, radiation, microtron 2340
 
  • A.V. Poseryaev, V.I. Shvedunov
    MSU, Moscow
  • M.F. Ballester, Yu.A. Kubyshin
    UPC, Barcelona
  Design of a compact 12 MeV race-track microtron (RTM) is described. The results of operating wavelength choice, accelerating structure and end magnets optimization and beam dynamics simulation are represented. Use of a C-band linac and rare earth permanent magnet end magnets permit to design RTM, which is more compact and more effective as compared with the same energy circular microtron or linac. Electron beam with energy 4-12 MeV in 2 MeV step can be extracted from RTM. The estimated pulsed RF power required for feeding the linac is about 800 kW, total mass of accelerator is less than 40 kg and its dimensions are about 500x200x110 mm3.  
 
WEPCH178 Simulation Study of Compact Hard X-ray Source via Laser Compton Scattering electron, simulation, focusing, laser 2346
 
  • R. Kuroda, M.K. Koike, H. Ogawa, N. Sei, H. Toyokawa, K. Y. Yamada, M.Y. Yasumoto
    AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
  • N. Nakajyo, F. Sakai, T. Yanagida
    SHI, Tokyo
  The compact hard X-ray source via laser Compton scattering between high intensity electron beam and high power laser beam was developed at FESTA (The Femtosecond Technology Research Association) project in collaboration between AIST and SHI. According to completion of the project in March 2005, the compact hard X-ray source is being transferred from FESTA to AIST to upgrade and to apply the system to biological and medical uses. Our system consists of a laser-driven photocathode rf gun, two 1.5m-long S-band accelerator structures and a high power Ti:Sa Laser system. This system can generate a hard X-ray pulse which has variable energy of 12 keV – 33 keV with narrow bandwidth by changing electron energy and collision angle. Maximum X-ray photon yield at FESTA was accomplished about 107photons/s (@10Hz, MAX 33keV) in case of 165 degree collision angle. In the next phase, we are planning to make the total system much compact using X-band or C-band accelerator structures with permanent magnets. We have carried out the numerical simulations to investigate the possibility of these compact systems. In this conference, we will talk about results of the simulations and future plans.  
 
WEPCH182 Design of 9.4 GHz 950 keV X-band Linac for Nondestructive Testing electron, gun, target, KEK 2358
 
  • T. Yamamoto, T. Natsui, M. Uesaka
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  • M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, T. Higo, M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • K. Dobashi
    The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken
  • E. Tanabe
    AET Japan, Inc., Kawasaki-City
  Mobile "suit-case-sized" x-band (9.4GHz) 950 keV linac is designed for applications of nondestructive testing (NDT). Conventional device for the purpose is the S-band linac, but its drawback is a rather large device-size, large electron beam spot size of about 3 mm and lack of spatial resolution. We aim to realize the smaller spot size about 500 micro-m by a low emittance beam. The proposed system consists of the 9.4 GHz magnetron, modulator, thermionic RF electron gun and 9.4 GHz x-band linac and metal target for x-ray generation. The energy at the gun is 20 keV, and the final energy becomes 950 keV. Now, we are designing the linac structure of the pai/2 mode and analyzing the electromagnetic field (EMF) by SUPERFISH. At this time, we finish analyzing EMF of regular cavity cells and we are analyzing EMF of total accelerating tube. We have finished the detailed RF design. Further, we are also performing the design of the pai mode and going to discuss the advantages and drawbacks between them. Construction of the RF supplying system is underway. The detailed design parameters and updated status of the construction are presented at the spot.  
 
WEPCH187 A Compact 5 MeV, S-band, Electron Linac Based X-ray Tomography System electron, simulation, radiation, collimation 2370
 
  • L. Auditore, L. Auditore, R.C. Barnà, D. De Pasquale, D. Loria, A. Trifirò, M. Trimarchi
    INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina
  • U. Emanuele, A. Italiano
    INFN - Gruppo Messina, S. Agata, Messina
  The availability of commercial X-ray tubes made of radiography and tomography two of the most used non-destructive testing techniques both in industrial and cultural heritage fields. Nevertheless, the inspection of heavy materials or thick objects requires X-ray energies larger than the maximum energy provided by commercial X-ray tubes (600 kV). For this reason, and owing to the long experience of the INFN-Gruppo Collegato di Messina in designing and assembling low energy electron linacs, at the Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Messina, a 5 MeV electron linac based X-ray tomographic system has been developed. The X-ray source, properly designed by means of the MCNP-4C2 code, provides a 16 cm diameter X-ray spot at the sample position and a beam opening angle of about 3.6 degree. The image acquisition system consists of a CCD camera (Alta Apogee E1, 768x512 pixel) and a GOS scintillating screen. Preliminary radiographies and tomographies showing the high quality performances of the tomographic system have been acquired. Finally, the compactness of the linac, is one of the advantages of this system that could be used for in situ inspections when huge structures have to be tested  
 
WEPLS017 International Scoping Study of a Future Accelerator Neutrino Complex factory, proton, target, acceleration 2427
 
  • M.S. Zisman
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The ISS, launched at NuFact05 to evaluate the physics case for a facility, along with options for the accelerator complex and detectors, is laying the foundations for a subsequent conceptual-design study. It is hosted by RAL and organized by the international community, with participants from Europe, Japan, and the U.S. Here we cover work of the Accelerator Group. For the 4 MW proton driver, we consider linacs, synchrotrons, and FFAG rings. For targets, issues of both liquid-metal and solid materials are examined. For beam conditioning (phase rotation, bunching, and ionization cooling), we evaluate schemes with and without cooling, the latter based on scaling FFAG rings. For acceleration, we examine scaling FFAGs and hybrid systems comprising linacs, dogbone RLAs, and non-scaling FFAGs. For the decay ring we consider racetrack and triangular shapes, the latter capable of simultaneously illuminating two different detectors at different baselines. Comparisons are made between various technical approaches to identify optimum design choices for the facility.  
 
WEPLS020 The RF Deflector for the CTF3 Delay Loop klystron, CTF3, vacuum, coupling 2436
 
  • F. Marcellini, D. Alesini
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  In the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) a 42 m long ring, called delay loop, is used to halve the distance between bunches in the drive beam. The compression is obtained by merging two adjacent bunch trains from the linac deflected in opposite directions by an RF device, in such a way that the first train is forced to perform a full revolution in the delay loop, while the second one passes through. The length of the ring is an odd multiple of half the distance between bunches in the beam from the linac. The RF deflector consists of two identical cavities connected to the RF power source through a hybrid junction that equally splits the power and isolates the klystron from reflections. Its innovative design, the results of electromagnetic simulations and expected performances are described, together with low level RF measurements for test and characterization of the device before installation. Preliminary recombination results with the CTF3 beam are also shown. The RF deflector has also been used to measure the length of the accelerated bunches.  
 
WEPLS023 The Two-beam Test-stand in CTF3 CLIC, CTF3, diagnostics, dipole 2445
 
  • V.G. Ziemann, T. J. C. Ekelof, M. A. Johnson
    UU/ISV, Uppsala
  • H.-H. Braun, S. Doebert, G. Geschonke, J.P.H. Sladen, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva
  The acceleration concept for CLIC, based on the two-beam acceleration scheme, where the 30 GHz RF power needed to accelerate the high energy beam is generated by a high-intensity but rather low energy drive beam, will be tested in the two-beam test-stand in CTF3. There RF-structures will be tested at full pulse length. The extreme power levels of up to 640 MW warrant a careful diagnostic system to analyze RF breakdown by observing the effect on both probe- and drive-beam but also the RF signals and secondary effects such as emitted light, vibrations, vacuum, temperatures. We describe the experimental setup and the diagnostic system planned to be installed in CTF3 for 2007.  
 
WEPLS053 RF Design of a Cartridge-type Photocathode RF Gun in S-band Linac cathode, gun, vacuum, simulation 2499
 
  • H. Moritani, Y. Muroya, A. Sakumi, T. Ueda, M. Uesaka
    UTNL, Ibaraki
  • H. Hanaki, N. Kumagai, S. Suzuki, H. Tomizawa
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  • J. Sasabe
    Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Shizuoka
  • J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  A cartridge-type photocathode RF gun is under development in collaboration with SPring-8 and Hamamatsu Photonics. Each type of cathode (Cs2Te, Mg, diamond, Ag-Cs-O) is sealed in a cartridge-type vacuum tube. Several tubes can be installed in a vacuum chamber. The cathode in the tube is inserted into a center hole in the back plate of the RF gun by a vacuum manipulator. These cartridge-type photocathodes with high QE or sensitivity for visible lights, which are prepared in a factory, can be used for a long time without vacuum breaking. Since a load-lock system for forming a new high QE film is not needed, the cartridge-type RF gun becomes compact. We are going to introduce this cartridge-type system to our linac with the BNL-GUN-IV RF gun this summer. Now, we are calculating the gun parameters of the transmission cavity which has a back plate with a center hole 8mm in diameter with SUPERFISH and simulating the beam dynamics after modifying the beam line to install the system with PARMELA. We aim to use reliable Mg and high-QE Cs2Te and try diamond and Ag-Cs-O for radiation chemistry applications. The detailed numerical design and construction will be presented.  
 
WEPLS054 Higher-order Effect Compensation in Magnetic Compressor for < 50 fs Electron Bunch Generation electron, gun, simulation, quadrupole 2502
 
  • K. Kan, T. Kondoh, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka
  An ultrashort electron bunch is essential for pulse radiolysis, which is a pump-probe measurement based on an ultrashort electron beam and an ultrashort light. In Osaka University, a laser photocathode electron linear accelerator with a magnetic compressor has been constructed for the femtosecond electron bunch generation. An electron beam with bunch length of 98 fs was successfully generated and used in pulse radiolysis. However, an electron beam with bunch length of < 50 fs is required for development of pulse radiolysis with time resolution of 100 fs. To generate such a short bunch, higher order disadvantage effects, which are caused by the fringing fields of the magnets in the compressor, should be compensated. In this paper, a compensation technique of higher-order effects was proposed by using a nonlinear energy modulation in the bunch produced in the linear accelerator by re-phasing the linac away from the zero-crossing of the rf (i.e., away from the linear slope). In the simulation, we compressed the electron bunch into 48 fs at bunch charge of 0.1 nC.  
 
WEPLS055 Development of Double-decker Electron Beam Accelerator for Femto/attosecond Pulse Radiolysis electron, gun, laser, emittance 2505
 
  • Y.K. Kuroda, T. Kondoh, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka
  The study of electron-induced reactions in femto/attosecond time region is very important for the next electron beam nanofabrication. Pulse radiolysis with time resolution of sub-picosecond, as a powerful method to study such reactions in materials, has been developed by using radio-frequency electron accelerators and ultrashort lasers. In Osaka University, a new concept of double-decker electron beam accelerator is proposed for opening next pulse radiolysis on femto/attosecond time scale. The double electron beams with time delay of 1.4ns (350ps x 4) and bunch charge of 0.5-0.6 nC were generated in a photocathode electron accelerator by injecting two laser pulses into the photocathode. The beam energy of the two beams was 31.7MeV. The transverse normalized emittance was 3~6 mm-mrad for both the beams. The front of them is converted to Cherenkov light and used as a probe light source, and the back is used as a pump source. Both electron pulses are generated by one accelerator, resulting in no time jitter between the pump electron bunch and the probe laser pulse.  
 
WEPLS057 Equivalent Velocity Spectroscopy Based on Femtosecond Electron Beam Accelerator electron, laser, injection, gun 2511
 
  • S. Takemoto, T. Kondoh, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka
  A new femtosecond pulse radiolysis system, which is called as "Equivalent Velocity Spectroscopy (EVS)" based on a photocathode rf linear accelerator and a femtosecond laser, is developed in ISIR for the study of primly process and ultrafast electron-induced reactions for the nanofabrication. In order to achieve a high time resolution on femtosecond scale, a femtosecond electron beam bunch produced by a photocathode accelerator and a synchronized femtosecond laser were used. The electron bunch and laser pulse were injected with an angle determined by the refractive index of the sample. The electron bunch was also rotated with a same angle, resulting in the time resolution degradation due to the velocity difference between light and the electron in the sample is thus avoided. A jitter compensation technique with a femtosecond streak camera was used to reduce the time jitter between the electron bunch and laser pulse. Moreover, in EVS, a technique of double laser pulse injection was used to improve the signal to noise ratio due to the fluctuation of the laser intensity during the measurement.  
 
WEPLS058 Femtosecond Single-bunch Electron Linear Accelerator Based on a Photocathode RF Gun electron, gun, laser, emittance 2514
 
  • J. Yang, K. Kan, T. Kondoh, A. Yoshida, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka
  A femtosecond single-bunch electron linear accelerator based on a photocathode rf gun was developed in Osaka University for the study of radiation-induced ultrafast physical and chemical reactions. A 32 MeV single electron bunch with a bunch length of 98 fs in rms was generated successfully in the linear accelerator with a magnet bunch compressor. The dependences of the bunch length and the transverse emittance on the bunch charge were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The higher-order effects in the magnetic field were studied and compensated successfully by using a nonlinear energy-phase correlation in the bunch produced in the linear accelerator. By using the femtosecond electron bunch, an equivalent velocity spectroscopy with a synchronized femtosecond laser, as a new method with femtosecond time-resolution, was developed for study of the ultrafast reactions or phenomena on the femtosecond time scale.  
 
WEPLS065 The Effect of Vaccum Vessel Permeability on the Field Quality within Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets at the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury Laboratory dipole, vacuum, quadrupole, ERLP 2529
 
  • N. Thompson
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) is currently under construction at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK and will serve as a test bed for the investigation of technologies and beam physics issues necessary for the development of Daresbury Laboratory's Fourth Generation Light Source (4GLS) proposal. To assist with the material specification of the vacuum vessels, analyses have been done on the effect of vessel permeability on the magnetic field quality within quadrupole and dipole magnets. It is found that for dipoles where the specified maximum relative dipole field variation over the good field region is ± 1x 10-4 or for quadrupoles where the specified maximum relative gradient variation is ±1 1x10-3, the transverse size of the good field region decays unacceptably for relative permeability > 1.006. However, for the dipoles where the specified maximum relative dipole field variation is ± 1x10-3, the decay of the good field region is more gradual and would safely permit a material with relative permeability >1.006 to be used for the vacuum vessel within these dipoles.  
 
WEPLS129 Upgrade Scheme for the J-PARC Main Ring Magnet Power Supply power-supply, KEK, synchrotron, extraction 2679
 
  • H. Sato, K. Koseki, K.O. Okamura, t.s. Shintomi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is under construction at the Tokai campus of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) as a joint project between KEK and JAEA. The accelerator complex, which is constructed as a 200 MeV linac, a 3 GeV RCS synchrotron, and a main ring in phase I. The main ring magnet power supply is constructing as the energy of 40 GeV in phase I and will upgrade up to 50 GeV in phase II. A large amount of pulse electric power, which is + 115 MW and -55 MW peak-to-peak, is required for 50 GeV operation and this large pulse power will give unallowable disturbances to a power network. In order to compensate the disturbances to allowable level, we need some energy storage system. A SMES system will be one of the promising means for the purposes as well as the fly-wheel system. We will describe some energy storage system and also the increasing of repetition rate without energy storage system.  
 
WEPLS132 New Magnet Power Supply for PAL Linac controls, power-supply, quadrupole, damping 2685
 
  • S.-C. Kim, J. Choi, K.M. Ha, J.Y. Huang, J.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko, S.S. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  Since the completion of PLS in 1994, PLS Linac magnet power supply(MPS) has been operated for 12 years with 12-bit resolution and 0.1% stability. Improvement in the resolution and the reliability of the Linac MPS is highly required now for the stable beam injection and 4th generation light source research. To improve MPS, we developed new compact MPS of 16-bit resolution and 20ppm stability using four-quadrant switching scheme with 50kHz MOSFET switching device. Bipolar MPS for corrector magnet consists of main power board, control power board, regulator board and CPU board. Size of each board is only 100mm width and 240mm depth. Unipolar MPS for quadrupoles and solenoid magnets is composed by parallel-operation of two main power boards, doubling the current output. Output of MPS is 10V, ±10A for the bipolar and 50V, 50A for the unipolar magnet. In this paper, we report on the development and characteristics of the new MPS for PAL linac.  
 
WEPLS138 Operation Status and Statistics of the KEK Electron/Positron Linac KEKB, positron, injection, klystron 2700
 
  • Y. Ogawa, A. Enomoto, K. Furukawa, T. Kamitani, M. Satoh, T. Sugimura, T. Suwada, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Y. Imai, T. Kudou, S. Kusano, K. Suzuki, T. Toufuku
    MELCO SC, Tsukuba
  The KEK electron/positron linac has been operated since 1982, surpassing the total operation time of more than 100,000 hours. It delivers four different beams to four different rings quite stably, even frequently switching beam modes. The operation time per year has reached 7,000 hours since 1999 when the KEKB entered a normal operation mode. Operation status and statistics will be reported with the emphasis on continuing efforts in various kinds of machine improvements, which have ensured the stable operation.  
 
WEPLS139 Operational Status of Klystron-modulator System for PAL 2.5-GeV Electron Linac klystron, electron, SLAC, feedback 2703
 
  • S.S. Park, J. Choi, J.Y. Huang, S.H. Kim, S.-C. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The klystron-modulator(K&M) system of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) generates high power microwaves for the acceleration of 2.5 GeV electron beams. There are 12 modules of K&M system to accelerate electron beams up to 2.5 GeV nominal beam energy. One module of the K&M system consists of the 200 MW modulator and an 80 MW S-band (2856 MHZ) klystron tube. The total accumulated high-voltage run-time of the oldest unit among the 12 K&M systems has reached nearly 88,000 hours as of December 2005. The overall system availability is well over 95%. In this paper, we review the overall system performance of the high-power K&M system and the operational status of the klystrons and thyratron lifetimes, and the overall system's availability will be analyzed for the period of 1994 to December 2005.  
 
THOPA01 Formation of Electron Bunches for Harmonic Cascade X-ray Free Electron Lasers electron, CSR, laser, radiation 2738
 
  • M. Cornacchia, S. Di Mitri, G. Penco
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • A. Zholents
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  A relatively long electron bunch is required for an operation of harmonic cascade free electron lasers (FELs). This is because they repeatedly employ a principle when the radiation produced in one cascade by one group of electrons proceeds ahead and interacts with other electrons from the same electron bunch in the next cascade. An optical laser is used to seed the radiation in the first cascade. Understandably the length of the electron bunch in this situation must accommodate the length of the x-ray pulse multiplied by a number of cascades plus a time jitter between the arrival time of the electron bunch and a seed laser pulse. Thus a variation of the peak current along the electron bunch as well as slice energy spread and emittance may affect the performance of the FEL. In this paper we analyze all possible sources affecting the distributions and interplay between them and show how desirable distributions can be produced. Results are illustrated with simulations using particle tracking codes.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
THOAFI01 The Development of Computational Tools for Halo Analysis and Study of Halo Growth in the Spallation Neutron Source Linear Accelerator simulation, quadrupole, emittance, CCL 2768
 
  • D.A. Bartkoski, A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, S. Henderson, J.A. Holmes
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  Computational tools have been developed to quantify the halo in a beam by analyzing beam profiles and identifying the halo particles using the Gaussian area ratio and kurtosis methods. Simulations of various injection quadrupole magnet configurations using three types of initial simulated distributions, along with an analysis of their phase space and rms properties, provides insight into the development of halo in the Spallation Neurton Source linear accelerator. Finally, comparisons with machine beam profile data, taken at the same conditions as that of the simulated data, show how accurately the simulations model the beam and its halo development and provide a better understanding of the best machine configuration with which to minimize beam halo and losses.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
THPCH015 Matched and Equipartitioned Method for High-intensity RFQ Accelerators rfq, emittance, resonance, space-charge 2814
 
  • X.Q. Yan, J.-E. Chen, J.X. Fang, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  • R.A. Jameson
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Maintaining beam envelope match, avoiding structure resonances, and using an equilibrium (equipartitioned) energy balance within the beam are the primary methods for preventing emittance growth and halo formation in high current linacs. A design strategy that requires the RFQ accelerator to be matched and equipartitioned over most of its length will produces very robust designs under a wide variety of conditions, the beam with proper energy balance is also inherently stable against resonances near the operation point. Based on this strategy, a new dynamics method is proposed to avoid the envelope mismatch and energy imbalance between different degrees of freedom. The beam sizes are well confined to match the accelerating channel in this method, to minimize the emittance growth and the related beam loss. Following the method, a RFQ design code named MATCHDESIGN has been written at Peking University. A test design of 50mA proton RFQ operating at 350 MHz was given to prove this method and it resulted in a good dynamics design.  
 
THPCH019 Halo and Tail Generation Studies for Linear Colliders scattering, simulation, CLIC, collimation 2823
 
  • L. Neukermans, H. Burkhardt
    CERN, Geneva
  • J. Resta-López
    IFIC, Valencia
  Halo particles in linear colliders can result in significant losses and serious background which may reduce the overall performances. We present a study of various halo generation processes with numerical estimates. The aim is to allow to predict and minimize the halo throughout the accelerator chain including the final focus up to the experimental detectors. We include estimates for the planned CLIC beam line.  
 
THPCH037 Wakefields Effects of New ILC Cavity Shapes emittance, TESLA, simulation, DESY 2862
 
  • I. Zagorodnov
    DESY, Hamburg
  • N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  The operation of International Linear Collider (ILC) requires high gradients and quality factors in accelerating structure. One way to reach it is to modify the cavity shape to reduce the ratio of peak surface magnetic to accelerating field. Two candidate shapes are suggested recently: the Re-entrant shape and the Low-Loss shape. In this paper we estimate numerically longitudinal and transverse short range wake functions for the new shapes. The obtained analytical expressions are used in beam dynamic simulations for ILC lattice. We show that ILC will tolerate the cavities with the new shape and the smaller iris diameter.  
 
THPCH040 Linac Focusing and Beam Break Up for 4GLS focusing, BBU, quadrupole, TESLA 2871
 
  • E. Wooldridge, B.D. Muratori
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  As part of the design for 4GLS the linac focusing and its effect on the beam break up (BBU) threshold have been studied. The choice of graded gradient focusing scheme is discussed and initial models of the focusing, using a triplet of quadrupoles between each of the modules within the linac, are presented. The quadrupoles were set-up in a defocusing - focusing - defocusing format with strengths of -1/2k, k, -1/2k. Using these models the BBU threshold was computed using available codes assuming a 9-cell TESLA cavity within the linac and a 7-cell design with HOM dampers. A sweep of the magnet strength with respect to the BBU threshold showed that there is an optimum setting.  
 
THPCH043 Jitter Studies for the FERMI@ELETTRA Linac electron, ELETTRA, FEL, simulation 2880
 
  • P. Craievich, S. Di Mitri
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  • A. Zholents
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The FEL project FERMI@ELETTRA* will use the existing linac upgraded to 1.2GeV to produce photon pulses in the wavelength range between 100-10 nm by means of harmonic generation in a seeded scheme. FEL operations foresee stringent requirements for the stability of the global linac output parameters, such as the electron bunch arrival time, peak current, average energy and the slice electron bunch parameters, such as the slice peak current and slice average energy. In order to understand the sensitivity of these parameters to jitters of various error sources along the linac an elaborate study using tracking codes has been performed. As a result, we created a tolerance budget to be used as guidance in the design of the linac upgrade. In this paper we give a detailed description of the applied procedures and present the obtained results.

*C. Bocchetta et al. "FERMI@ELETTRA - Conceptual Design for a Seeded Harmonic Cascade FEL for EUV and Soft X-rays", this conference.

 
 
THPCH044 Beam Break-up Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA Linac emittance, BBU, FEL, simulation 2883
 
  • S. Di Mitri, P. Craievich
    ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
  The beam break-up instability is studied for the 1.2 GeV linac of FERMI @ ELETTRA FEL*. This instability is driven by transverse wake fields acting on an electron beam travelling off-axis in the accelerating structures due to the launching errors in positions, angles, energy and misalignment of various lattice elements. Two operational scenarios are considered: one with a relatively long electron bunch of 1.5 ps and a moderate peak current of 500 A and one with a shorter bunch of 0.7 ps and a higher peak current of 800 A. Attention is given to the correction of the "banana" shape of the electron bunch caused by the instability. The simulation results are compared with the analytical predictions.

*C. Bocchetta et al. “FERMI@Elettra – Conceptual Design for a Seeded Harmonic Cascade FEL for EUV and Soft X-rays”, this conference.

 
 
THPCH072 Wakefields in the LCLS Undulator Transitions LCLS, undulator, radiation, SLAC 2952
 
  • K.L.F. Bane
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • I. Zagorodnov
    DESY, Hamburg
  We have studied longitudinal wakefields of very short bunches in non-cylindrically symmetric (3D) vacuum chamber transitions using analytical models and the computer program ECHO. The wake (for pairs of well-separated, non-smooth transitions) invariably is resistive, with its shape proportional to the bunch distribution. For the example of an elliptical collimator in a round beam pipe we have demonstrated that—as in the cylindrically symmetric (2D) case—the wake can be obtained from the static primary field of the beam alone. We have obtained the wakes of the LCLS rectangular-to-round transitions using indirect (numerical) field integration combined with a primary beam field calculation. For the LCLS 1 nC bunch charge configuration we find that the total variation in wake-induced energy change is small (0.03% in the core of the beam, 0.15% in the horns of the distribution) compared to that due to the resistive wall wakes of the undulator beam pipe (0.6%).  
 
THPCH104 Design and Simulation of the ILC Intra-train Orbit and Luminosity Feedback Systems feedback, luminosity, simulation, kicker 3041
 
  • G.R. White, G.R. White
    JAI, Oxford
  • D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  • N.J. Walker
    DESY, Hamburg
  To maintain luminosity to within a few percent of the design at the International Linear Collider (ILC), beam stability at the IP needs to be maintained at the sub-nanometre level. To achieve the beam stability required in the presence of ground motion, multiple feedback systems are required. The baseline design calls for a 5-Hz system to control the orbit in the Linac and Beam Delivery System (BDS) and an intra-train system to address high-frequency ground motion and mechanical disturbances which cause orbit distortions at the IP between pulses enough to completely destroy the luminosity. Details of the slower feedback systems have been addressed elsewhere*. The detailed design and simulation of the intra-train feedback systems are described here. This system controls the vertical position and angle at the IP such that luminosity is maximised. The system brings the beams into collision based on BPM-derived information from the initial bunches of the train. It then tunes the IP collision parameters (both position and angle) based on a fast (bunch-by-bunch) luminosity signal from the BeamCal. The system is implemented in fast digital FPGA logic, designed using Matlab's Simulink.

*A. Seryi et al. "Issues of Stability and Ground Motion in ILC", Nanobeam 2005.**G. White et al. "Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies", PAC2005.

 
 
THPCH110 The New Control System for the Future Low-emittance Light Source PETRA 3 at DESY controls, DESY, PETRA, synchrotron 3059
 
  • R. Bacher
    DESY, Hamburg
  At DESY, the existing high-energy physics booster synchrotron PETRA 2 will be transformed into a 3rd-generation light source (PETRA 3) after the final shutdowm of HERA operation mid 2007. In addition, the technical systems and components of the pre-accelerators LINAC 2 and DESY 2 will be improved. Within the scope of this project, the control system and the front-end electronics will be upgraded. Key elements of the conceptual design are TINE (Threefold Integrated Network Environment) as integrating software bus to provide efficient data communication mechanisms and support services, control room applications based on the thick-client model for optimum visualization and performance and Java as programming language to ensure platform independence, server-side control APIs in various languages to allow choice of the language that is best suited for the control task to be done, a common device interface for generic access to various field buses, and CANopen as interface standard for device electronics to ensure long-term maintenance. The complete conceptual design and the current project status will be presented.  
 
THPCH113 The Diamond Light Source Control System controls, DIAMOND, vacuum, booster 3068
 
  • M.T. Heron, M.G. Abbott, P.H. Amos, K.A.R. Baker, Y.S. Chernousko, T.M. Cobb, C.A. Colborne, P.N. Denison, I.J. Gillingham, A. Gonias, P. Hamadyk, S.C. Lay, M.A. Leech, P.J. Leicester, M. McClory, U.K. Pedersen, N.P. Rees, A.J. Rose, J.H. Rowland, E.L. Shepherd, S.J. Singleton, I. Uzun, K. Vijayan
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  • S. Hunt
    PSI, Villigen
  • P.H. Owens
    CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  Diamond is a new 3rd generation synchrotron light source currently being commissioned in the UK. The control system for Diamond will be a site-wide monitoring and control system for the accelerators, beamlines and conventional facilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of the Diamond control system, which is based on the EPICS control system toolkit. It will present the detailed choice of hardware and software, the solutions realised for interfacing and control of the major technical systems of Diamond, together with progress on installation and commissioning.  
 
THPCH115 Timing System Upgrade for Top-up Injection at KEK Linac injection, KEKB, KEK, controls 3071
 
  • K. Furukawa, E. Kadokura, A. Kazakov, M. Satoh, T. Suwada
    KEK, Ibaraki
  KEK Linac provides electrons and positrons to Photon Factory (PF) and B-Factory (KEKB). Because of the nature of those factory machines both quantity and quality of the beams are required. In order to improve the injections, quasi top-up injections of electrons to PF and KEKB rings have been planned and a new beam transport line was built. Fast beam switching mechanisms are being developed and installed. The timing and control system is also reinforced to realize fast (50Hz) switching of rf timing pulses, low-level rf, beam instrumentation parameters, and beam feedback parameters. The present timing system provides precise (jitters down to 5ps) timing pulses to 150 devices. Many of the signals will be upgraded to enable the fast switching scheme with an event system. At the same time a double-fold synchronization between asynchronous Linac and PF rf signals was developed to achieve precise injection timing mainly because both rings have independent circumference correction systems.  
 
THPCH116 Continuous Circumference Control and Timing System for Simultaneous Electron-positron Injection at the KEKB KEKB, injection, controls, positron 3074
 
  • M. Suetake, H. Koiso, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide
    KEK, Ibaraki
  We have continuously controlled ring circumference with a new method of synthesizer control at the KEKB. The new method stands for continuous controlling of reference frequency of synthesizers. Due to the new circumference control, we stabilized the KEKB circumference within about 6 micrometers. In Fall 2006, KEKB will introduce simultaneous electron-positron injection scheme. We have to change the timing system of KEKB to control the injection phase with pulse-to-pulse injection. We show the plan of the new timing system due to the simultaneous injection scheme.  
 
THPCH121 Development of Machine Interlock System HMI for PLS controls, storage-ring, vacuum, injection 3086
 
  • B.R. Park, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang, J.-W. Lee, J.C. Yoon
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The Machine Interlock System (MIS) for the Pohang Light Source (PLS) is used for the monitoring and control of machine devices and equipments for operation and maintenance, and protects machine devices and equipments by interlock chain program at fault status. The MIS consists of one central system unit and seven remote local system units, and is implemented mainly using GE-FANUC's Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Using information and data in the MIS, a human-machine interface (HMI) for the MIS is developed for the operator and system manager to efficiently control and monitor the MIS and also to log various event, trip, fault data automatically. Wonder's FactorySuite is used for the HMI development software. The HMI is developed under PC environments, which communicates with the MIS through RS-485 serial link.  
 
THPCH148 Tests of a High Voltage Pulser for ILC Damping Ring Kickers kicker, damping, extraction, injection 3137
 
  • M.A. Palmer, G. Dugan, D. L. Rubin
    Cornell University, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, New York
  • R. Meller
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  The baseline configuration for the International Linear Collider (ILC) damping rings specifies a single 6 km damping ring for electrons and two 6 km rings for positrons. Kicker requirements are determined by the damping ring circumference and the train structure in the main linac. The nominal bunch train parameters in the ILC main linac are trains of 2820 bunches with 308 ns spacing and a train repetition rate of 5 Hz. This means that the pulsers for the damping ring kickers must have rise and fall times suitable for bunch spacings of ~6 ns, must be able to operate with 3.25 Mhz bursts, and must support an average pulse rate of 14.1 kHz. We describe bench and beam tests of a pulser based on fast ionization dynistor technology whose specifications roughly meet these requirements. We then discuss the implications of our results for the ILC damping ring kickers.  
 
THPCH156 SNS Transverse and Longitudinal Laser Profile Monitors Design, Implementation and Results laser, electron, SNS, SCL 3161
 
  • S. Assadi
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  SNS is using a Nd:YAG laser to measure transverse profiles at nine-stations in the 186-1000 MeV Super-Conducting LINAC (SCL) and a Ti:Sapphire mode-locked laser to measure longitudinal profiles in the 2.5 MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT). The laser beam is scanned across the H- beam to photo-neutralize narrow slices. The liberated electrons are directly collected to measure the transverse or longitudinal beam profiles. We have successfully measured the transverse and longitudinal profiles at all stations. The SCL laser system uses an optical transport line that is installed alongside the 300 meter super-conducting LINAC to deliver laser light at nine locations. Movement of the laser light in the optical transport system can lead to problems with the profile measurement. We are using telescopes to minimize the oscillations and active feedback system on mirrors to correct the drifts and movements. In this paper we present our implementation and beam profiles measured during SCL commissioning. We also discuss future improvements, drift/vibration cancellation system, as well as plan to automate subsystems for both the transverse and the longitudinal profiles.  
 
THPCH158 A Phased-locked S.A.M. Mode-locked Laser for the ELSA Photoinjector laser, ELSA, electron, photon 3164
 
  • V. Le Flanchec, P. Balleyguier
    CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  A new laser oscillator has been developed for the ELSA photoinjector. It is a fibered-diode-pumped mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser, with a completely passive cooling design. Mode-locking is achieved by a saturable absorber mirror. Such a passive laser oscillator must be synchronized with the ELSA electron bunches. A phased-locked loop has been developed for that purpose. We present the main design aspects resulting from the high stability requirement of ELSA. The first electron spectra measurements show the high level of energy stability achieved. We also present improvements in the laser injection system leading to a higher transverse stability, a more uniform cathode illumination, and a better transmission of the whole system.  
 
THPCH159 Analysis of Microphonic Disturbances and Simulation for Feedback Compensation feedback, simulation, FEL, resonance 3167
 
  • M. Luong, P. Bosland, G. Devanz, E. Jacques
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  For FEL projects based on a superconducting linac operating in CW mode, the RF power optimization finally comes up against the microphonics disturbances, which result in an unpredictable detuning of the cavities. A new piezoelectric tuner was developed and mounted on a TTF 9-cell cavity with an appropriate instrumentation. This system enables a full characterization of the disturbances and the tuner behavior. First measurements were made in a horizontal cryomodule at 4.2 K. They set a basis for simulations to assess the possibility of a feedback compensation, which is usually credited as impracticable. The outcome of such a compensation is also shown in terms of acceleration voltage amplitude and phase residual errors.  
 
THPCH165 ERLP Quantum Efficiency Scanner cathode, laser, ERLP, controls 3179
 
  • P.A. Corlett, J.H.P. Rogers
    CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) under construction at Daresbury Laboratory will utilise a photoinjector as its electron source. In order to characterise the performance of the photo-cathode wafer, a low power laser is scanned across its surface and the resultant current measured to build up a map of the quantum efficiency of the wafer.  
 
THPCH166 The Timing System for Diamond Light Source booster, DIAMOND, gun, controls 3182
 
  • Y.S. Chernousko, A. Gonias, M.T. Heron
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  • T. Korhonen
    PSI, Villigen
  • E. Pietarinen, J. Pietarinen
    MRF, Helsinki
  The Diamond timing system is the latest generation development of the design, principles and technologies currently implemented in the Advanced Photon Source and Swiss Light Source timing systems. It provides the ability to generate reference events, distribute them over a fibre-optic network, and decode and process them at the equipment to be controlled. The timing system is closely integrated within the Diamond distributed control system, which is based on EPICS. The Diamond timing system functionality and performance, and first operational experiences in using the timing system during the commissioning of the accelerators, are presented in this paper.  
 
THPCH167 Commissioning of the Diamond Pre-injector Linac emittance, dipole, single-bunch, DIAMOND 3185
 
  • C. Christou, V.C. Kempson
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  • K. Dunkel, C. Piel
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  Commissioning of the linac for the Diamond Light Source (DLS) was completed in October 2005. The linac was supplied by Accel Instruments as a complete system, with DLS providing beam diagnostics, beam analysis software, control system hardware and standard vacuum components. Much of the beam analysis was carried out using the first part of the Linac to Booster transfer line (LTB), which was designed and built by DLS. Operation of the linac and LTB at 100 MeV in long-pulse and short-pulse modes of operation was demonstrated, and all operational parameters were measured to be within specification.  
 
THPCH168 RF Distribution System of the Diamond Master Oscillator synchrotron, DIAMOND, storage-ring, booster 3188
 
  • A.V. Watkins, M. Jensen, M. Maddock, S.A. Pande, S. Rains, D. Spink
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  A modular RF distribution system has been designed and built at Diamond Light Source to distribute the master oscillator (MO) signal. The system will deliver a low noise, phase stable 500 MHz signal to multiple points of use around the synchrotron facility. Providing phase stability and preserving noise performance over the distances required (up to 300m) have been the main design challenges. A modular approach provides future flexibility, and this paper describes each component, outlining design choices, components used, construction details and test results.  
 
THPCH170 Reduction of Dark Current in SPring-8 Linac electron, gun, simulation, synchrotron 3194
 
  • T. Kobayashi, T. Asaka, H. Dewa, H. Hanaki, A. Mizuno, S. Suzuki, T. Taniuchi, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida
    JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
  In the SPring-8 linac, removal of dark currents generated from an injector part has been studied to enhance the bunch purity of stored beam in the SPring-8 storage ring. We already succeeded in reduction of the dark currents from a thermionic electron gun by a beam deflector of parallel plate electrodes. However, dark currents are also generated in accelerating structures due to the high electric fields. We have been studying removal of the dark currents generated from the first accelerating structure by solenoid coils covering it.  
 
THPCH192 Experimental, Test and Research Beamlines at Fermilab proton, target, controls, quadrupole 3242
 
  • C. Johnstone
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  Three new external beamlines are in operation or under development at Fermilab: 1) the Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP) beamline, 2) the Mucool Test Area (MTA) beamline, and 3) a new MTEST beamline for advanced detector work for high energy experiments and the ILC. The MIPP beamline is a secondary production beamline capable of producing well-characterized beams of protons, pions, and kaons from 5-120 GeV/c using 120 GeV/c protons from the Fermilab Main Injector. The second line is a new primary 400-MeV proton beamline derived from the 400 MeV proton Linac which will provide for precision measurements of Linac beam parameters in addition to a high-intensity primary test beam for development and verification of muon ionization cooling apparatus. A dual mode operation will also provide accurate, dispersion-free measurements of the Fermilab Linac beam properties with potential for diagnostic development. Installation is planned in 2007. Finally, a third beam is also under design to provide secondary beams at ultra-low - high energies, from ~1 GeV/c to 90 GeV/c in addition to a primary 120-GeV proton mode of operation. It is anticipated that this last line will be installed in fall of 2006.  
 
THPLS003 When Less is More - Construction of the Australian Synchrotron storage-ring, synchrotron, injection, undulator 3266
 
  • D. Morris
    ASP, Clayton, Victoria
  The Australian Synchrotron is a 3 GeV facility under construction next to Monash University in Melbourne. The project was launched in January 2003 and is scheduled for completion in March 2007. The funding of Aus$206M (about 125 MEuros) covers all costs associated with the site, building, accelerators and the first nine beamlines. The building contract was placed in July 2003 and completed in February 2005. Installation of the accelerators began in April 2005 and should be complete by May 2006. Commissioning of the injection system began in October 2005, and storage ring commissioning will begin mid-2006, with beamline commissioning beginning January 2007 and facility handover in March 2007. The project is being delivered with a staff of less than 50, which has meant that much of the detailed design work and project management for major systems (e.g., the injection system, RF system, support girders, vacuum vessels and front ends) has been performed by commercial suppliers under turn-key contracts. The presentation will discuss the main technical challenges, and results will be presented of the commissioning of the linac, booster and storage ring.  
 
THPLS010 Metrology for the Beam Emittance Measurement of the SOLEIL Injector emittance, booster, quadrupole, SOLEIL 3287
 
  • M.-A. Tordeux, Y.-M. Abiven, N.L. Leclercq, D. Pedeau
    SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The injector system of SOLEIL is composed of a 100 MeV electron linac pre-accelerator followed by a full energy 2.75 GeV booster synchrotron, operating at 3 Hz. Dedicated diagnostics such as emittance monitors are installed on the two transfer lines between the linac and the booster and between the booster and the storage ring. The measurement is performed using the gradient method, relying on YAG screens and high resolution CCD cameras. This paper will show the metrology of the emittance measurements which were made for the HELIOS (THALES) iinac beam (total emittance in the range of 1 μm.rad) and for the booster beam (rms emittance ~ 150 nm.rad): error sources are identified and specific corrections are shown. Additional analysis of the dynamics of the injection into the booster and into the storage ring is made for a deeper characterization.  
 
THPLS012 Commissioning of the Australian Synchrotron Injector RF Systems booster, controls, single-bunch, electron 3293
 
  • C. Piel, K. Dunkel, J. Manolitsas, D. Trompetter, H. Vogel
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  • M.J. Boland, R.T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc, M.J. Spencer, Y.E. Tan
    ASP, Clayton, Victoria
  On December 16, 2003 the contract for the design, manufacture, installation and commissioning of the turnkey injector system for the Australian Synchrotron Project was awarded to industry. ACCEL Instruments is delivering the turnkey 100MeV linac and the booster RF system. Commissioning of the linac for ASP was performed in December 2005, right after successful commissioning of the Diamond Light Source injection linac*. The 500MHz booster cavity and related low level RF system will be commissioned after installation of the booster is finalised in early 2006. The paper will present design and layout information, as well as commissioning results.

*Commissioning of the Diamond Pre-Injector Linac (this conference).

 
 
THPLS044 Preliminary Experiment of the Thomson Scattering X-ray Source at Tsinghua University laser, electron, scattering, photon 3386
 
  • Y.-C. Du, Cheng. Cheng. Cheng, Q. Du, Du.Taibin. Du, W.-H. Huang, Y. Lin, C.-X. Tang, S. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing
  A preliminary experiment of the Thomson scattering x-ray source is being planned and constructed to generate short-pulsed, tunable x-rays in the range of ~4.5 kev by Thomson scattering of laser photons from a relativistic electron beam. Laser photons of ? = 1064 nm are Thomson backscattered by a 16MeV electron beam from a 16MeV Backward Travelling Wave (BTW) electron linac. The laser is derived from a 2J,10ns Nd:YAG laser. The parameters of electron beam and laser have been measured. The simulated and experiment results are described in this paper.  
 
THPLS045 Construction Status of the SSRF Project power-supply, booster, vacuum, storage-ring 3389
 
  • Z. Zhao
    SINR, Jiading, Shanghai
  • H. Ding, H. Xu
    SINAP, Shanghai
  The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), an intermediate energy third generation light source, is under construction at Zhang-Jiang Hi-Tech Park in Shanghai. Its main and auxiliary buildings are scheduled to be completed in October 2006, and this will be followed by the SSRF accelerator installations from October 2006 to March 2008. This paper presents the final design and the current construction status of the SSRF project.  
 
THPLS046 The Status of Instrumentation and Control for SSRF booster, controls, diagnostics, storage-ring 3392
 
  • D.K. Liu
    SINAP, Shanghai
  The SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) was started in December 25, 2004, and is located in the Zhang Jiang Hi-Teck park in Shanghai. During the past one year, the main structure is under construction and will be completed in the middle of next year on schedule. Various equipment is being processed and tested. The preliminary design of the control system, including various hardware and software, are completed, and some prototype of IOC with EPICS such as LINAC rf station, magnet station and beam diagnosis station, etc. have been already tested successfully. The digital power supply control will be adopted. Various beam instrumentation have been designed for diagnostics of the LINAC, booster and storage ring. The performance of the design, progress of the subsystem and preliminary test results of the prototype will be described in this paper in detail.  
 
THPLS057 Injector Design for ALBA booster, quadrupole, dipole, storage-ring 3413
 
  • M. Pont, G. Benedetti, D. Einfeld, A. Falone, U. Iriso, M.L. Lopes, M. Muñoz
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • E. Al-Dmour, F. Pérez
    ALBA, Bellaterra
  • W. Joho
    PSI, Villigen
  The storage ring ALBA is a 3rd generation synchrotron light source under construction in Barcelona (Spain). The facility is based on a 3.0 GeV storage ring of 268.8 m circumference with a beam emittance under 5 nm.rad. Top-up operation is foreseen from the start. The injector complex for ALBA will consist of a 100 MeV linac and a full energy booster. The linac will be a turn-key system which has already been ordered to the industry and delivery is expected in the second half of 2007. The full energy booster will be placed in the same tunnel as the storage ring and will have a circumference of 249.6 m. The lattice of the booster is a modified FODO lattice providing an emittance as low as 9 nm.rad. The magnet system comprises 40 combined magnets and 60 quadrupoles. Chromaticity correction relies on the sextupole component built-in the combined magnets and the quadrupoles. In this paper a description of the booster design including the present status of the different components will be given.  
 
THPLS059 Status of the MAX IV Light Source Project undulator, storage-ring, radiation, electron 3418
 
  • M. Eriksson, M. Berglund, K.I. Blomqvist, M. Brandin, T. Hansen, D. Kumbaro, L.-J. Lindgren, L. Malmgren, M. Sjöström, H. Svensson, H. Tarawneh, S. Thorin, E.J. Wallén, S. Werin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • B. Anderberg
    AMACC, Uppsala
  The present development of the accelerator part of the MAX IV synchrotron radiation project is presented. The main features of the 3 GeV injector linac and the two storage rings operated at different electron energies to cover a broad spectral range of high brilliance undulator radiation are described in some detail. A third ring, the existing MAX III ring, is planned to be transferred to the new facility. The preparation of the injector linac to serve as a free electron laser source and the major sub-systems of the facility are also presented.  
 
THPLS066 Improvement on the Single Bunch Operation of the TLS Injector electron, cathode, gun, booster 3439
 
  • J.-Y. Hwang, C.-S. Fann, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.H. Hu, S.H. Lee, K.-K. Lin, K.-B. Liu, Y.-C. Liu
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  The improvement of the TLS (Taiwan Light Source) injector on single bunch operation is presented in this study. Limited by the existing design of the TLS injector, the single bunch operation was not optimized in terms of bunch purity for specific users of TLS. A high voltage pulser was implemented to improve the situation. This pulser has been integrated into the high-voltage-deck electronics of electron gun for single bunch generation. Both high-voltage pulses and the associated electron bunches are monitored with a wideband digital oscilloscope. The result shows that the bunch purity can be greatly improved by using the newly installed pulser. It also greatly eliminates the beam losses while injected into the booster ring.  
 
THPLS069 Preliminary Design of the TPS Linac to Booster Transfer Line booster, injection, electron, focusing 3448
 
  • Y.-C. Liu, H.-P. Chang, C.-S. Fann, K.-T. Hsu, S.Y. Hsu, K.-K. Lin, K.-B. Liu, G.-H. Luo
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  The preliminary design of the LTB (linac to booster) transfer line of the proposed TPS (Taiwan Photon Source) project is considered in this study. The layout presented in this report is based on the booster lattice and the choice of linac parameters. These parameters are adopted from previous report of booster design and typical commercial available products of linac. The simulation result indicates that the desired optical functions at a given location can be readily obtained by varying the appropriate focusing strength of quadrupoles. It provides tuning capability to match various possible options of optical functions at injection location. This report is presented together with design consideration of a set of beam diagnostics instruments.  
 
THPLS109 Measurements and Diagnostics on the MAX Recirculator electron, radiation, FEL, injection 3532
 
  • M. Brandin, B. Nelander, S. Werin
    MAX-lab, Lund
  The MAX Recirculator is a unique accelerator, a two-pass linac at 500 MeV, that operates as injector for three storage rings. Here are presented some discussions on measurments of beam parameters such as emittance, energy spread, and bunch length. We describe what measurements are done, by wich methods, results, and how they can be improved. Also, we make an analysis of What methods and hardware are needed to perform the measurements that can't be done with the equipment in place today.  
 
FRYAPA01 Developments in Proton and Light-ion Therapy ion, proton, synchrotron, target 3631
 
  • S. Rossi
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The talk will provide an overview of recent developments in hadrontherapy. It will give a background on cancer therapy with protons and ions, discussing the relative merits of protons and ions versus conventional radiotherapy. It will include status and plans for the development of hadrontherapy facilities, in particular in Europe. It will also describe the status of the Italian hadrontherapy project (CNAO).  
slides icon Transparencies