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rfq

     
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MOZAPA01 Approaches to High Intensities for FAIR ion, heavy-ion, ion-source, UNILAC 24
 
  • P.J. Spiller, W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, H. Eickhoff, R. Hollinger, P.S. Spaedtke
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A new accelerator complex is planned to generate highest intensities of heavy ion and proton beams for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI. The two new synchrotrons, SIS100 and SIS300 which deliver the primary beams to the FAIR target stations, will make use of the existing GSI accelerators UNILAC and SIS18 as injectors. In order to reach the desired intensities close to 1012 uranium ions and 2.5 x 1013 protons per pulse, a substantial upgrade program of the existing facility is being prepared. The well defined technical subprojects of these upgrade programs and the concepts for approaching the intensity goals of SIS100/300 will be described.  
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MOPCH103 SPIRAL2 RFQ Prototype – First Results vacuum, injection, ion, SPIRAL2 282
 
  • R. Ferdinand, R. Beunard, V. Desmezières, M. Di Giacomo, P. Robillard
    GANIL, Caen
  • A.C. Caruso
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • S. Cazaux, M. Desmons, A. France, D. Leboeuf, O. Piquet, J.-C. Toussaint
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • M. Fruneau, Y. Gómez-Martínez
    LPSC, Grenoble
  The SPIRAL2 RFQ has been designed to accelerate a 5 mA deuteron beam (Q/A=1/2) or a 1 mA particle beam with q/A=1/3 up to 0.75 MeV/A at 88MHz. It is a CW machine which has to show stable operation, provide the required availability and reduce losses to a minimum in order to minimize the activation constraints. Extensive modelisation was done to ensure a good vane position under RF. The prototype of this 4-vane RFQ has been built and tested in INFN-LNS Catania and then in IN2P3-LPSC Grenoble. It allowed us to measure the vacuum quality, the RF field by X-ray measurements, the cavity displacement and the real vane displacement during the RF injection. Different techniques were used, including an innovative and effective CCD measurement with a 0.6 μm precision. This paper outlines the different results.  
 
MOPCH105 A New RF Tuning Method for the End Regions of the IPHI 4-vane RFQ simulation, quadrupole, dipole, proton 285
 
  • O. Delferriere, M. Desmons, A. France
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • R. Ferdinand
    GANIL, Caen
  The 3-MeV High Intensity Proton Injector (IPHI) RFQ is constituted by the assembly of three 2-m-long segments. The tuning of the end regions of such an accelerator with respect to the quadrupole mode is generally made by machining the thickness of the end plates. The dipole modes are moved away from the accelerator mode frequency by adding dipole rods and adjusting their length. In the case of the last IPHI RFQ segment, the tuning range given by possible plate thickness was not sufficient to adjust the frequency at 352 Mhz without modifying the notch depth, leading to serious engineering problems for the cooling, new thermo-mechanical simulations and drawings. To avoid these difficulties, a new way has been investigated by replacing the end plate thickness adjustment by a "quadrupole rod" length adjustment. These rods are situated between the beam axis and the dipole rods, and the tuning range is largely increased. The paper will describe this method applied to the IPHI RFQ and some experimental results obtained on the cold model.  
 
MOPCH106 An Innovative Method to Observe RFQ Vanes Motion with Full-scale RF Power and Water Cooling vacuum, LEFT, SPIRAL2, optics 288
 
  • A. France, O. Piquet
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • R. Ferdinand
    GANIL, Caen
  The design of high current RFQs is heavily strained by thermo-mechanical considerations, which eventually have an impact on machining costs, cooling systems, etc. A 1-meter long copper prototype of the SPIRAL2 RFQ has been specifically built to corroborate design options. An innovative method has been developed, allowing real-time observation of mechanical deformations of RFQ vanes, with full-scale RF power and water cooling. Digital images are acquired by a CCD camera, and processed by a dedicated software. Processing includes contrast stretching, low-pass filtering, and block-correlation followed by interpolation. Sub-pixel relative motions of RFQ electrode ends are clearly detected and measured, with RMS errors of the order of 0.6 microns.  
 
MOPCH107 Tuning Procedure of the 6 Meter IPHI RFQ dipole, coupling, LEFT, quadrupole 291
 
  • O. Piquet, M. Desmons, A. France
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  In the framework of the IPHI project (High Intensity Proton Injector), the RFQ cavity is divided into 6 sections of 1 meter each, and assembled in 3 segments separated by coupling plates. We will present the tuning procedure of the aluminium RFQ cold model to set the accelerating mode frequency, a flat voltage profile and to minimize the dipole components of the accelerating voltage. This tuning procedure can be divided in three steps. First, dipole mode frequencies are adjusted with rods for the 3 separated segments. Second, RFQ end cells and coupling cells are tuned by mechanical machining of tuning plates. Third, using a fully automated bead-pull for the measurement of the field distribution inside every RFQ quadrants, the RFQ is tuned with 96 plungers in a small number of iterations. Tuning this 6-meter long cold model is a comprehensive training in view of the future tuning of the copper RFQ with the variable voltage profile.  
 
MOPCH112 The RAL Front End Test Stand ion-source, ion, linac, emittance 303
 
  • A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, D.C. Plostinar, J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • Y.A. Cheng, S. Jolly, A. Kurup, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the megawatt range have many possible applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. These applications typically propose beam powers of 5 MW or more compared to the highest beam power achieved from a pulsed proton accelerator in routine operation of 0.16 MW at ISIS. The UK's commitment to the development of the next generation of HPPAs is demonstrated by a test stand being constructed in collaboration between RAL, Imperial College London and the University of Warwick. The aim of the RAL Front End Test Stand is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced and is intended to allow generic experiments exploring a variety of operational regimes. This paper describes the status of the RAL Front End Test Stand which consists of five main components: a 60 mA H- ion source, a low energy beam transport, a 324 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole accelerator, a high speed beam chopper and a comprehensive suite of diagnostics. The aim is to demonstrate production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps, chopped H- beam at 3 MeV.  
 
MOPCH116 Electromagnetic Design of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole for the Front End Test Stand at RAL simulation, quadrupole, dipole, ion 315
 
  • A. Kurup
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • A.P. Letchford
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The goal of the RAL front end test stand is to demonstrate cleanly chopped bunches of a 60mA H- ion beam at 3MeV. The acceleration of the H- ions from 65keV to 3MeV will be done using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) operating at a resonant frequency of 324MHz. The two types of RFQ considered were a 4-vane and a 4-rod. The 4-vane has a higher Q-value but the post-production adjustment is limited. The 4-rod design is easier to manufacture but requires complicated cooling at 324MHz. The results of electromagnetic simulations using CST Microwave Studio are presented for the 4-vane type and 4-rod type RFQ.  
 
MOPCH117 Mechanical Design and RF Measurement on RFQ for Front-end Test Stand at RAL factory, simulation, vacuum, coupling 318
 
  • P. Savage, Y.A. Cheng
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • A.P. Letchford
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  This paper will present the mechanical design and preliminary results of a RF measurement system for the cold model of a 324MHz 4-vane RFQ, which is part of the development of a proton driver front end test stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The design concepts will be discussed and some issues in manufacturing of the RFQ will be pointed out, and specific modifications will be explained. Furthermore, results of thermal simulations of the RFQ will be presented together with RF simulations of the resonant frequency, the Q-value and the longitudinal field distribution.  
 
TUZAPA02 ISIS Upgrades – A Status Report synchrotron, target, proton, linac 935
 
  • D.J.S. Findlay, D.J. Adams, T.A. Broome, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, P. Drumm, D.C. Faircloth, I.S.K. Gardner, P. Gear, M.G. Glover, S. Hughes, H.J. Jones, M. Krendler, A.P. Letchford, E.J. McCarron, S.J. Payne, C.R. Prior, A. Seville, C.M. Warsop
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Since 2002 several accelerator upgrades have been made to the ISIS spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, and upgrades are currently continuing in the form of the Second Target Station Project. The paper reviews the upgrade programmes: a new extraction straight, replacement of the Cockcroft-Walton by an RFQ, installation of a second harmonic RF system, replacement and upgrading of installed equipment, design and installation of improved diagnostics in conjunction with beam dynamics simulations, the Second Target Station Project, design and construction of a front end test stand, and the MICE programme. The paper also looks forward to possible future schemes at ISIS beyond the Second Target Station Project.  
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TUOAFI01 Development for New Carbon Cancer-therapy Facility and Future Plan of HIMAC linac, synchrotron, ion, injection 955
 
  • K. Noda, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, S. Sato, E. Takada, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada, K. Yoshida
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • C. Kobayashi, S. Shibuya, O. Takahashi, H. Tsubuku
    AEC, Chiba
  • Y. Sato, M. Tashiro, K. Yusa
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma
  The first clinical trial with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. The total number of patients treated is now in excess of 2500 as of December 2005. Based on our 10 years of experience with the HIMAC, we have proposed a new carbon-ion therapy facility for widespread use in Japan. The key technologies of the accelerator and irradiation systems for the new facility have been developed since April 2004. The new carbon-therapy facility will be constructed at Gunma University from April 2006. As our future plan for the HIMAC, further, a new treatment facility will be constructed at NIRS from April 2006. The design work has already been initiated and will lead to the further development of the therapy with the HIMAC. The facility is connected with the HIMAC accelerator complex and has two treatment rooms with horizontal and a vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. We will report the development for new carbon therapy facility and the design study for new treatment facility with the HIMAC.  
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TUPCH123 Dipole Stabilizing Rods System for a Four-vane RFQ: Modeling and Measurement on the TRASCO RFQ Aluminum Model at LNL dipole, quadrupole, coupling, simulation 1301
 
  • F. Grespan, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The Dipole Stabilizing Rods (DSR's) are devices used in order to reduce a priori the effect of perturbation on the operating mode of a four-vane RFQ caused by neighboring dipole modes by increasing the frequency spacing between the TE210 mode and dipole modes, without, in principle, affecting the quadrupole TE210 mode. They have proven to be particularly useful in the case of coupled RFQ's whose overall length is significantly greater than the operating wavelength. In this article we present a circuit model of such DSR's, that, used in combination with a transmission line model of a four vane RFQ, has allowed us to predict the dimensioning of the DSR's in the case of the aluminum model of TRASCO RFQ. The DSR parameters and, in general, the accuracy of the model have been also confirmed by HFSS simulations and by RF measurements on the above-mentioned model.  
 
TUPCH134 RF Characteristics of the PEFP DTL coupling, controls, proton, klystron 1331
 
  • H. S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol
    KAERI, Daejon
  A conventional 20 MeV Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has been developed as a low energy section of a 100 MeV accelerator. The 20 MeV DTL consists of 4 tanks with 152 cells. The machine has a unique feature of driving the 4 tanks with a single klystron. Therefore it has several control knobs to compensate the errors of each tank during operation. To develop the RF control scheme, the variations of the RF parameters of each tank were measured under various environmental conditions such as wall temperature, cooling water temperature, and cooling water pressure. In addition, the behaviors of the RF parameters among the tanks were also monitored during high power operation. In this paper, the measurement results are discussed and the control scheme based on the results are proposed.  
 
TUPCH135 Characteristics of the PEFP 3 MeV RFQ dipole, electron, quadrupole, coupling 1334
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H. S. Kim, K.T. Seol
    KAERI, Daejon
  A four-vane type 3 MeV, 350 MHz RFQ (Radiofrequency Quadrupole) has been developed as a front end part of PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) 100 MeV accelerator. After the completion of field tuning and high power conditioning at reduced duty, the initial operation of the RFQ with beam was carried out. During the initial test period, several parameters related with the RF and beam were measured to characterize the performance of the RFQ. Based on these measurements, several suggestions for further system improvement were proposed. In this paper, the initial test results are discussed and the suggestions for the system improvement are summarized.  
 
TUPCH149 Design of a 10 MHz Heavy Ion RFQ for a RIA Post Accelerator ion, heavy-ion, target, superconductivity 1370
 
  • S.O. Schriber, V. Andreev
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  Design of a 10 MHz heavy ion RFQ for the RIA post accelerator is described. Main rf and mechanical parameters of the proposed accelerator are given. This 10 MHz RFQ is capable of accelerating beams from an initial energy of 2 keV/u to 8 keV/u covering a charge to mass ratio from 1/10 to 1/240.  
 
TUPCH162 Operation Results of 1 MW RF Systems for the PEFP 20 MeV Linac klystron, power-supply, proton, linac 1402
 
  • K.T. Seol, Y.-S. Cho, H. S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  • K.R. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The PEFP 20 MeV linear accelerator is composed of a 3 MeV RFQ and 20 MeV DTL. Two sets of 1MW, 350MHz RF systems drive the RFQ and DTL. The RF system can perform a 100% duty operation. The TH2089F klystron is used as an RF source. During the test operation, only the driving RF signal of the klystron was operated in pulse mode, while the electron beam was maintained in DC mode. The klystron power supplies and cooling systems were also operated in 100% duty mode. In this paper, the operation results of 1 MW RF systems including klystron power supply and cooling system are discussed and propose possible options to improve the operation conditions based on the results.  
 
TUPLS032 Superconducting Driver Linac for the New Spiral 2 Radioactive Ion Beam Facility GANIL ion, linac, heavy-ion, ion-source 1559
 
  • T. Junquera
    IPN, Orsay
  The new Spiral 2 facility will deliver high intensity rare isotope beams for fundamental research in nuclear physics, and high neutron flux for multidisciplinary applications. Based into the ISOL and in-flight isotope production methods this facility will cover broad areas of the nuclide chart. The driver accelerator must deliver CW beams of deuterons (40 MeV, 5 mA) and heavy ions (q/A=1/3, 15 MeV/A, 1 mA). The injector is composed of two ion sources (deuterons and heavy ions) and a common RFQ cavity (88 MHz). The Superconducting Linac is composed of two sections of Quarter Wave Resonators (beta 0.07 and 0.12, frequency 88 MHz) with room temperature focusing devices. After two years of preliminary study, and following the recent decision to launch the construction phase, a complete design of the Driver Accelerator is presently completed. Important results have been obtained during the initial R&D phase, in particular on ion sources, RFQ and superconducting resonators prototypes. Status report on both the design and the prototype performances will be given in this contribution.  
 
TUPLS033 First Stage of a 40 MeV Proton Deuteron Accelerator Commissioning Results ion, ion-source, proton, linac 1562
 
  • C. Piel, K. Dunkel, M. Pekeler, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  In 2006 the first stage of a 40MeV superconducting linear accelerator for protons and deuterons will be commissioned at SOREQ. This paper will present commissioning of the ECR source after final assembly. First results of the 1.5MeV/u cw RFQ are expected, further test results of the beta=0.09 half wave superconducting resonators are presented, and resonator geometry improvements with respect to electron multipacting behaviour will be discussed. An outlook on the project with respect to achieve the final energy of 40MeV will be given.  
 
TUPLS034 UNILAC Upgrade Programme for the Heavy Element Research at GSI-SHIP ion, linac, ion-source, target 1565
 
  • W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, S. Hofmann, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the field of heavy-element research using the velocity separator SHIP significant achievements were made at GSI during the last 30 years. The experiences obtained of experiments clearly show that superheavy-element research was always based on efforts to extend the limits of technical possibilities - of these the increase of beam intensity is one of the major contributions. This paper provides for technical information on the already planned upgrades of the present facility, which results in a significant overall increase of the experimental sensitivity. It is foreseen to investigate and to build a sc 28 GHz-ECR ion source, which should increase the primary beam intensities. The beam coming from the new ECR source will be delivered to the GSI-High Charge State Injector by a second LEBT-system. An upgrade program for the rf-amplifiers and the rf-structures is intended to increase the duty factor from 30 % to 50 %. Besides the ECR-source a new RFQ accelerator and the IH structure may alternatively serve as an injector for an new advanced stand alone accelerator providing for 100 % duty factor. Two different linac-layouts will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS035 The HITRAP Decelerator Project at GSI ion, GSI, HITRAP, ESR 1568
 
  • L.A. Dahl, W. Barth, M. Kaiser, O.K. Kester, H.J. Kluge, W. Vinzenz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • B. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger, A.C. Sauer, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The heavy ion trap (HITRAP) at GSI is a funded project since 2004. Highly charged ions up to U92+ provided by the GSI accelerator facility will be decelerated and subsequently injected into a Penning trap for further cooling almost to rest. A combination of an IH- and an RFQ-structure decelerates the ions from 4 MeV/u down to 6 keV/u. In front of the decelerator a double-drift-buncher-system provides for phase focusing and a final debuncher integrated in the RFQ-tank reduces the energy spread in order to improve the efficiency for beam capture in the cooler trap. The report gives an overview of the final beam dynamic design of the entire decelerator. Besides the construction status of the cavities, particular beam diagnostic features due to the short pulses of 1 μs and 108 MHz bunch frequency, and the measures for technical and controls integration into the existing GSI accelerator complex are presented. Finally the recent time schedule and considerations for commissioning are shown.  
 
TUPLS036 Status of the Linac-commissioning for the Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility HIT ion, GSI, linac, proton 1571
 
  • M.T. Maier, R. Baer, W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, C. Dorn, T.G. Fleck, L. Groening, C.M. Kleffner, C. Müller, A. Peters, B. Schlitt, M. Schwickert, K. Tinschert, H. Vormann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Cee, B. Naas, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A clinical facility for cancer therapy using energetic proton and ion beams (C, He and O) is under construction and will be installed at the Radiologische Universitätsklinik in Heidelberg, Germany. It consists of two ECR ion sources, a 7 MeV/u linac injector and a 6.5 Tm synchrotron to accelerate the ions to final energies of 50-430 MeV/u. The linac comprises a 400 keV/u RFQ and a 7 MeV/u IH-DTL operating at 216.8 MHz. In this contribution the current status of the linear accelerator is reported. After first tests with 1H+ beam of the RFQ at GSI, the commissioning of the accelerator in Heidelberg has already started. The commissioning with beam is performed in three steps for the LEBT, the RFQ and the IH-DTL. For this purpose a versatile beam diagnostic test bench has been designed. It consists of a slit-grid emittance measurement device, transverse pick-ups providing for time of flight energy measurements, SEM-profile grids and different devices for beam current measurements. This paper will provide for a status report of the linac-commissioning.  
 
TUPLS037 The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment ion, resonance, ion-source, simulation 1574
 
  • U. Bartz, D. Ficek, N. Mueller, A. Schempp, J. Thibus, M. Vossberg
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The goal of the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is to multiply beam currents of RFQ accelerators at low energies to avoid problems with space charge. The two beams from the ion sources are injected into two RFQ channels. The last part of the RFQ electrodes have been replaced to achieve a 3d focus at the crossing point of the two beam axis where the funneling deflector as a central peace of the experiment is located. The newly designed multi-cell deflector is adapted to the optimised funneling section. It is mechanically solid, easy to tune in and ready for operation. First measurements will be presented.  
 
TUPLS038 The MAFF IH-RFQ Test Stand at the IAP Frankfurt ion, ion-source, emittance, quadrupole 1577
 
  • A. Bechtold, D. Habs
    LMU, München
  • J. Fischbach, U. Ratzinger, J. Rehberg, M. Reichwein, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • J. Haeuser
    NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The IH-type RFQ for the MAFF project at the LMU in Munich is presently under construction and will be integrated into a beam test stand at the IAP in Frankfurt. It is the second RFQ following the IH resonator concept and the first one that can be directly compared to a very similar 4-rod type machine, namely the REX-ISOLDE RFQ at CERN. The MAFF RFQ has been designed to accelerate rare isotope beams (RIBs) with mass to charge ratios up to 6.3 from 3 keV/u to 300 keV/u at an operating frequency of 101.28 MHz with an electrode voltage of 60 kV. First RF-measurements have already been executed and can be compared to appropriate simulation results. Parts of the test stand are currently under construction, such as the volume ion source for He+ at an extraction voltage of 12 keV and an electrostatic quadruplet for injection with an integrated steering system. These tests and accompanying theoretical investigations will be done with special respect to the applicability of such normal conducting RFQ accelerators to the EURISOL post accelerator.  
 
TUPLS039 Proposal of a Normal Conducting CW-RFQ for the EURISOL Post-accelerator and a Dedicated Beta-beam Linac Concept EURISOL, linac, ion, emittance 1580
 
  • A. Bechtold, H. Podlech
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A combination of three superconducting RFQs has been proposed for the EURISOL post accelerator layout. At least the first RFQ of this triplet could be replaced by a normal conducting continuous wave (c.w.) device. Efficient cooling systems have already been designed and applied to existing machines at the IAP in Frankfurt. Preliminary electrode and cavity designs can be presented. Since a parallel use for beta-beam applications was intended, we have optimized the design not only for heavy ion applications with negligible beam currents at c.w. but also for lighter ions with currents up to 7.5 mA at pulsed operation. More recent investigations on beta-beams came up with currents around 50 mA, which then would make a separate linac solution for beta-beams necessary. We worked out some preliminary design suggestions for such a dedicated 100 MeV/u machine.  
 
TUPLS040 Tuning of a 4-rod CW-mode RFQ Accelerator acceleration, resonance, pick-up, vacuum 1583
 
  • P. Fischer, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A four-rod RFQ accelerator has been built which operates in CW mode with a power consumption of 250 kW. The assembly of a high power RFQ structure requires a precise mechanical alignment and field tuning of the electrode field. The field distribution must be very flat to enable a proper operation with few losses. Adjusting of the field distribution is critical in long structures. Simulations and the status of the tuned structure will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS041 The HITRAP RFQ Decelerator at GSI GSI, HITRAP, ion, emittance 1586
 
  • B. Hofmann, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The HITRAP linac at GSI will decelerate ions from 5 MeV/u to 6 keV/u for experiments with the large GSI Penning trap. The ions, provided by the GSI accelerator facility, will be decelerated at first in the existing experimental storage ring (ESR) down to an energy of 5 MeV/u, and injected into a new IH decelerator and decelerated to 5oo keV/u. The following 4- Rod type RFQ will decelerate the ion beam from 5oo keV to 6 keV/u. The RFQ has been designed and will be built at the Institute for Applied Physics in Frankfurt. The properties of the RFQ decelerator and the status of the project will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS043 Simulations for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment simulation, emittance, space-charge, linac 1591
 
  • J. Thibus, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  Beam simulations for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment are done with RFQSim and FUSIONS. RFQSim is responsible for the beam transport through an RFQ accelerator. Behind the accelerator the particle dynamic program FUSIONS calculates the macro bunches of both beam lines through an r.f. funneling deflector. A new space charge routine has now been included. The status of the development of FUSIONS and the results of the simulations will be presented.  
 
TUPLS045 Completion of the Commissioning of the Superconducting Heavy Ion Injector PIAVE at INFN-LNL emittance, ion, booster, cryogenics 1597
 
  • G. Bisoffi, G. Bassato, A. Battistella, l. Boscagli, A. Calore, S. Canella, D. Carlucci, M. Cavenago, F. Chiurlotto, M. Comunian, M. De Lazzari, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, A. Galatà, P. Modanese, M.F. Moisio, A. Pisent, M. Poggi, A.M. Porcellato, P.A. Posocco, C. Roncolato, E. Sattin, S. Stark
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • N. Schiccheri
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  At INFN-LNL the commissioning of the injector PIAVE, based on superconducting RFQs, has been completed. All the superconducting cavities (two RFQs and 8 quarter wave resonators - QWR) have shown very satisfactory stability with respect to changes of the liquid helium pressure and microphonics. Beam parameters are very close to the nominal values. The commissioning was completed by accelerating the pilot beam 16O3+ with the PIAVE injector and the booster linac ALPI (summer 2005). Since December 2005, a number of test beams were accelerated (mainly noble gas species) with PIAVE and ALPI and delivered to user experimental stations. Regular operation will be scheduled from Fall 2006 onwards.  
 
TUPLS051 Development of PEFP 20 MeV Proton Accelerator proton, klystron, ion-source, site 1609
 
  • Y.-S. Cho, H.M. Choi, S.-H. Han, I.-S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, H. S. Kim, K.Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, Y.-G. Song
    KAERI, Daejon
  A 20 MeV proton accelerator has been developed as a low energy part of PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) 100 MeV accelerator. The 20 MeV accelerator consists of ion source, LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport), 3 MeV RFQ (Radiofrequency Quadrupole) and 20 MeV DTL (Drift Tube Linac). After the field tuning and high power RF conditioning of the accelerating cavities, the first beam test of the 20 MeV accelerator is underway. During the test, the pulsed proton beam was extracted from the ion source by pulsing the high voltage power supply. Two 1.1 MW, 350MHz RF systems were used to drive the 20 MeV accelerator. The current transformers between DTL tanks and Faraday cup at the end of 20 MeV DTL were used to measure the beam current. In this paper, the development of 20MeV accelerator are summarized and the first beam test results are discussed.  
 
TUPLS052 Beam Dynamics of the PEFP Linac proton, emittance, linac, quadrupole 1612
 
  • J.-H. Jang, Y.-S. Cho, K.Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
    KAERI, Daejon
  The PEFP Linac consists of a 50 keV ion source, LEBT, 3 MeV RFQ, 20 MeV DTL called DTL1, MEBT, and 100 MeV DTL called DTL2. The MEBT includes two small DTL tanks, which match the 20 MeV proton beams into the DTL2, and a bending magnet, which extracts the 20 MeV proton beams to the experimental hall. We will present the full beam dynamics study from the entrance of the DTL1 to the end of DTL2 with the initial beam parameters obtained from a simulation study of the RFQ. Our study focuses on the longitudinal beam matching in order to compensate the missing RF effect between every neighboring DTL tanks as well as the full beam matching between DTL1 and DTL2.  
 
TUPLS053 Beam Dynamics of a High Current IH-DTL Structure for the TWAC Injector ion, emittance, quadrupole, synchrotron 1615
 
  • S. Minaev, T. Kulevoy, B.Y. Sharkov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A powerful ion injector based on a laser ion source is needed for an efficient operation of the Tera Watt Accumulator (TWAC) complex including a heavy ion synchrotron and a storage ring, which is under progress now at ITEP, Moscow. The Interdigital H-type drift tube linac (IH-DTL) structure operating at 162 MHz is proposed for the second stage of the injector linac behind of a 81 MHz RFQ. Consisting of independently driven sections with inter-tank quadrupole triplet focusing, this structure will accelerate highly stripped ions with charge-to-mass ratios above 1/3 in the energy range from 1.57 MeV/u at the RFQ exit to 7 MeV/u. Beam currents up to 100 mA are expected for medium ions like Carbon or Aluminum. Since the rf frequency is duplicated at the entrance of the IH-DTL in order to reduce size as well as power consumption, space charge effects are dominant at full current. Beam dynamics and structure parameters are discussed in detail.  
 
TUPLS057 Linac4, a New Injector for the CERN PS Booster linac, CERN, SCL, emittance 1624
 
  • R. Garoby, G. Bellodi, F. Gerigk, K. Hanke, A.M. Lombardi, M. Pasini, C. Rossi, E.Zh. Sargsyan, M. Vretenar
    CERN, Geneva
  The first bottle-neck towards higher beam brightness in the LHC injector chain is due to space charge induced tune spread at injection in the CERN PS Booster (PSB). A new injector called Linac4 is proposed to remove this limitation. Using RF cavities at 352 and 704 MHz, it will replace the present 50 MeV proton Linac2, and deliver a 160 MeV, 40 mA H beam. The higher injection energy will reduce space charge effects by a factor of 2, and charge exchange will drastically reduce the beam losses at injection. Operation will be simplified and the beam brightness required for the LHC ultimate luminosity should be obtained at PS ejection. Moreover, for the needs of non-LHC physics experiments like ISOLDE, the number of protons per pulse from the PSB will increase by a significant factor. This new linac constitutes an essential component of any of the envisaged LHC upgrade scenarios, which can also become the low energy part of a future 3.5 GeV, multi-megawatt superconducting linac (SPL). The present design has benefited from the support of the French CEA and IN2P3, of the European Union and of the ISTC (Moscow). The proposed machine and its layout on the CERN site are described.  
 
TUPLS093 AG Acceleration using DPIS ion, laser, target, plasma 1720
 
  • T. Kanesue, K. Ishibashi
    Kyushu University, Hakozaki
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • K. Sakakibara
    RLNR, Tokyo
  We are investigating high current and high repetition rate ion production methods for various heavy ions which can be utilized for an injector of an FFAG accelerator. Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) is one of the candidates of the ion production methods and to confirm the capability of the DPIS, we are now preparing for accelerating high intensity Ag15+ ions. The DPIS uses a combination of Laser Ion Source (LIS) and RFQ linac. The plasma goes into the linac directly without transportation line and the ions are extracted at RFQ entrance. To determine the specifications of new RFQ electrodes, the plasma properties were measured. With the Nd-glass laser (3 J / 30 ns), we could not obtain high charge state ions. A new Nd-YAG laser (2.3 J / 6 ns) enabled us to observe many high charged ions and the most produced ions were Ag15+. We completed the plasma distribution measurements. Based on these results, we designed the new RFQ, which will accommodate Q / M = 1 / 8 particles, supposing Ag+15.  
 
TUPLS104 Matching of High Intensity Ion Beams to an RFQ: Comparison of PARMTEQ and IGUN Simulations ion, simulation, emittance, ion-source 1741
 
  • R. Becker, R.A. Jameson
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The classical way of matching an ion source to the low energy accelerator RFQ generally is performed by adjusting the matching optics of the LEBT to provide the rms ellipse twiss parameter requirements of the RFQ shaper section. By matching to the rms parameters (the equivalent rms beam method) the actual shape of the distribution plays a smaller role according to F. Sacherer. In many cases, however, the matching optics are creating not only aberrations to the ion beam but also a very non-elliptical shape of the emittance figure, and a more exact match may be required. As a way out, an ion extraction program (IGUN) has been modified to also take into account the rf-focusing of non-modulated RFQ vanes in the shaper section. This makes it feasible to use this program for the simulation from the ion source plasma until the beginning of modulation inside the RFQ, and it can also handle dc fields in the injection region of the RFQ. In order to demonstrate the differences of both approaches we apply them to well defined experimentally proved designs of RFQ shaper sections.  
 
WEOBPA01 First Results of the CRFQ Proof of Principle proton, quadrupole, radio-frequency, impedance 1873
 
  • D. Davino
    Universita' degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento
  • L. Campajola
    Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli
  • V. Lo Destro, A.G. Ruggiero
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • M.R. Masullo
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli
  • V.G. Vaccaro
    Naples University Federico II and INFN, Napoli
  The Circular Radiofrequency Quadrupole is a new concept of a storage and accelerator ring for intense beams of light and heavy ions, protons and electrons. It is basically a Linear Radiofrequency Quadrupole completely bent on a circle. The advantages, which are expected to be the same performance features of a linear RFQ, would be smaller overall dimension with respect to accelerators with comparable beam intensity and emittance*. A collaboration between BNL and Italian research institute and universities was set up at the end of 2002 with the aim of the proof of the bending principle**. The prototype design is based on a 4-rods scheme and have a linear sector followed by a 45-degree curved sector. The 1mA proton beam, produced by a reconditioned RF source, go through a beam gap diameter of 10mm with circular 10mm diameters rods. Each sector is 700mm long and is placed in a 150mm diameter pipe***. The RF power at 202.56MHz is fed by a CERN "Frank James" 50kW amplifier. In this paper the first power and beam tests of the linear sector are presented.

*A.G. Ruggiero, C-A/AP/65 note, Brookhaven National Laboratory, October 2001. **A.G. Ruggiero et al., Proceedings of the EPAC 2004 conference.***D. Davino et al., Proceedings of the EPAC 2004 conference.

 
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEPCH017 Front-to-end Simulation of the Injector Linac for the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre simulation, ion, linac, quadrupole 1957
 
  • R. Cee
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • C.M. Kleffner, M.T. Maier, B. Schlitt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The injector linac of the Heidelberg ion beam therapy centre is currently in the commissioning phase. Its main components are two electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) and an interdigital H-type drift tube linac (IH-DTL). It will be able to accelerate beams of hydrogen-, helium-, carbon- and oxygen-ions up to a specific energy of 7 MeV per nucleon. This contribution focuses on the beam dynamics simulation of the transport lines and the accelerating structures. Three dedicated tools have been employed: Mirko for the beam transport, RFQmed for the particle dynamics through the RFQ and LORASR for the acceleration in the IH-DTL. Between the different beam dynamics codes interfaces have been implemented and a front-to-end simulation has been performed. Comparisons with alternative programmes confirm the results obtained. The work will enable us to investigate the behaviour of the machine in a theoretical model during the forthcoming operating.  
 
WEPCH030 Beam Dynamics of a 175MHz RFQ for an IFMIF Project coupling, emittance, linac, quadrupole 1990
 
  • S. Maebara, S. Moriyama, M.S. Sugimoto
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • M.S. Saigusa
    Ibaraki University, Electrical and Electronic Eng., Ibaraki
  International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is an accelerator-based neutron irradiation facility employing the D-Li stripping reaction, to produce the neutron field similar to the D-T Fusion reactor (2MW/m2, 20 dpa/year for Fe). The required beam current of 250 mA is realized by two beam lines of 125mA, and the output energies at injector, RFQ and DTL were designed to be 0.1, 5 and 40 MeV, respectively. The operation frequency of 175MHz was selected to accelerate the large current of 125mA. After an intensive beam simulation, the RFQ with a total length of 12.6　m was designed to keep the minimum emittance growth with the RF injection power of 2.3MW CW. For such a 12m-long RFQ, two coupling plates are indispensable in order to suppress higher modes in a longitudinal direction at least. From beam dynamics point views, the transmission co-efficient has been evaluated by TOUTATIS code, and it is found that the transmission decay within 0.5% can be achieved by employing a gap width of less than 4mm for a coupling plate design.  
 
WEPCH117 Beam Dynamics of an Integrated RFQ-drifttube-combination ion, simulation, GSI, ion-source 2191
 
  • A. Bechtold, M. Otto, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the frame of a collaboration with the GSI in Darmstadt an RFQ-Drifttube-Combination for the Heidelberg cancer therapy center HICAT has been designed, built and successfully beam tested at the IAP Frankfurt. The integration and combination of both an RFQ and a rebunching drifttube unit inside a common cavity forming one single resonant RF-structure has been realized for the first time with this machine. The results of the beam measurements and questions about the beam dynamics simulations of such a combination have been investigated in detail with the code RFQSIM.  
 
WEPCH118 LORASR Code Development linac, simulation, space-charge, proton 2194
 
  • R. Tiede, G. Clemente, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A.C. Sauer
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • S. Minaev
    ITEP, Moscow
  LORASR is specialized on the beam dynamics design of Separate Function DTL's based on the 'Combined 0 Degree Structure (KONUS)' beam dynamics concept. The code has been used for the beam dynamics design of several linacs already in operation (GSI-HLI, GSI-HSI, CERN Linac 3, TRIUMF ISAC-I) or scheduled for the near future (Heidelberg Therapy Injector, GSI Proton Linac). Recent code development was focused on the implementation of a new PIC 3D FFT space charge routine, facilitating time-efficient simulations with up to 1 million macro particles routinely, as well as of tools for error study and loss profile investigations. The LORASR code was successfully validated within the European HIPPI Project activities: It is the Poisson solver benchmarking and the GSI UNILAC Alvarez section tracking comparison programme. The error study tools are a stringent necessity for the design of future high intensity linacs. The new LORASR release will have a strong impact on the design of the GSI FAIR Facility Proton Linac, as well as the transmission investigations on the IFMIF Accelerator. This paper presents the status of the LORASR code development and the benchmarking results.  
 
WEPCH169 Alternating Phase Focused IH-DTL for Heavy-ion Medical Accelerators linac, ion, acceleration, emittance 2328
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, S. H. Hojo, M. Kanazawa, N. M. Miyahara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, H. Ogawa, Y. S. Sakamoto, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Fujimoto, T. Takeuchi
    AEC, Chiba
  • T. Mitsumoto, H. Tsutsui, T. Ueda, T. Watanabe
    SHI, Tokyo
  Tumor therapy using HIMAC has been performed at NIRS since June 1994. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, a number of projects to construct these complexes have been proposed over the world. Since existing heavy-ion linacs are large in size, the development of compact linacs would play a key role in designing compact and cost-effective complexes. Therefore, we developed an injector system consisting of RFQ and Interdigital H-mode (IH) DTL having the frequency of 200 MHz. The injector system can accelerate carbon ions up to 4.0 AMeV. For the beam focusing of IH-DTL, the method of Alternating Phase Focusing (APF) was employed. With the IH structure and rather high frequency, the cavity size is compact; the radius is 0.4 m, and lengths of RFQ and IH-DTL are 2.5m and 3.5m respectively. The fabrication of RFQ was completed, and we succeeded to accelerate carbon ions with satisfactory performances. For IH-DTL, the full-scale model was first fabricated. With the encouraging result* of its electric field measurement, we constructed IH-DTL and beam acceleration tests will be performed in March 2006. We will present the performances of the entire injector system.

*Y. Iwata et al., Nucl Instr. & Meth in Phys. Res. A (submitted).

 
 
WEPCH179 The Indiana University Proton Therapy System proton, cyclotron, controls, radiation 2349
 
  • D. Friesel, V. Anferov, J.C. Collins, J.E. Katuin, S. Klein, D. Nichiporov, M. Wedeikind
    IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
  The Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI)was designed by the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF)to deliver proton radiation treatment to patients with solid tumors or other diseases susceptible to radiation. The IUCF Proton Therapy System (PTS)has five unigue subsystems to perform the radiation treatment; Beam Delivery, Dose Delivery, Patient Positioning and Treatment Control systems. The MPRI Clinic began operations in 2003 with a single Fixed Horizontal Beam Line (FHBL)treatment room and is being expanded to include two additional treatment rooms utilizing modified IBA* 360 degree rotating gantry systems. The Gantry nozzles use a beam wobbling and energy stacking system to produce the lateral and longitudinal beam distributions required for patient treatment. A treatment control system** provides a single user interface to deliver and monitor Proton Therapy treatment. This paper will present an brief overview of the Proton Therapy Facility, the properties and examples of the beam performance of the unique Nozzle design, and a summary of the facility beam operations.

* Ion Beam Applications, Inc, Belgium ** Design of a Treatment Control System for a Proton Therapy Facility, Joe Katuin, these proceedings

 
 
THPPA03 The First CW Accelerator in USSR and a Birth of Accelerating Field Focussing focusing, proton, quadrupole, ion 2755
 
  • V.A. Teplyakov
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  In the absence of Professor Teplyakov, Robert Jameson will present the work for which Professor Teplyakov is awarded the 2006 EPS-AG Prize for Achievement. The abstract of Professor Teplyakov's presentation follows: As CW linear accelerators became required, it appeared an absolute necessity to change the initial part of the accelerator. The initial part should prepare bunches of charged particles for the further acceleration in the main part. The CW accelerator should also be economic and reliable. The problem was solved using the principles of adiabatic capture of particles and low energy injection with focusing by means of the RF field. The acceleration of bunches with non-increasing charge density was the basic idea. It allowed reduction of the injection energy without reducing the current. By 1972, initial testing in IHEP Protvino was accomplished, and the first accelerated beam was obtained in an RFQ. The URAL-30 proton linac was commissioned in 1977 in IHEP. It applies RFQ-focusing from injection up to the top energy of 30 MeV. From 1985 until the present, this facility routinely operates as an injector to a booster proton synchrotron, this feeding the entire accelerator complex of ITEP. Development of the first RFQ in the Western world was started at Los Alamos in 1978 and performed a proof-of-principle test in 1980. After that there were many articles and reports and the RFQ became widely known in the world.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
THPCH007 Development of a High Current Proton Linac for FRANZ emittance, proton, beam-losses, bunching 2799
 
  • C. Zhang, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The FRANZ Facility, a planned worldwide unique pulsed neutron source, will be built at Frankfurt University. A single RFQ or an RFQ-IH combination working at 175MHz will be used to accelerate a 200mA proton beam to the energy which can meet the demands of required neutron production. The beam dynamics study has been performed to design a flexible, short-structure and low-beam-loss RFQ accelerator. The design results and relative analyses are presented.  
 
THPCH015 Matched and Equipartitioned Method for High-intensity RFQ Accelerators emittance, resonance, linac, space-charge 2814
 
  • X.Q. Yan, J.-E. Chen, J.X. Fang, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing
  • R.A. Jameson
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Maintaining beam envelope match, avoiding structure resonances, and using an equilibrium (equipartitioned) energy balance within the beam are the primary methods for preventing emittance growth and halo formation in high current linacs. A design strategy that requires the RFQ accelerator to be matched and equipartitioned over most of its length will produces very robust designs under a wide variety of conditions, the beam with proper energy balance is also inherently stable against resonances near the operation point. Based on this strategy, a new dynamics method is proposed to avoid the envelope mismatch and energy imbalance between different degrees of freedom. The beam sizes are well confined to match the accelerating channel in this method, to minimize the emittance growth and the related beam loss. Following the method, a RFQ design code named MATCHDESIGN has been written at Peking University. A test design of 50mA proton RFQ operating at 350 MHz was given to prove this method and it resulted in a good dynamics design.  
 
THPCH177 Design and Construction of the PEFP Timing System for a 20 MeV Proton Beam proton, power-supply, extraction, controls 3212
 
  • Y.-G. Song, Y.-S. Cho, H.M. Choi, I.-S. Hong
    KAERI, Daejon
  • K.M. Ha, J.H. Kim
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  The timing system of the PEFP requires synchronization for the accelerator and for the multipurpose beam line. The system is based on an event distribution system that broadcasts the timing information globally to all the equipment. Fast I/O hardware of the timing system is to distribute appropriate timing signals to accelerator systems, including the Injector, RFQ, DTL, and user's facilities. Signals to be distributed include the synchronized pulse triggers and event information of RF system and switching magnet power supplies for the 20MeV proton beam extraction.