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| MOPCH182 | The JLAB Ampere-class Cryomodule Conceptual Design | damping, FEL, impedance, coupling | 490 | ||
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For the next generation of compact high-power FELs a new cryomodule is required that is capable of accelerating up to Ampere levels of beam current. Challenges include strong HOM damping, high HOM power and high fundamental-mode power (in operating scenarios without full energy recovery). For efficient use of space a high real-estate gradient is desirable and for economic operation good fundamental-mode efficiency is important. The technology must also be robust and should be based on well-proven and reliable technologies. For Ampere-class levels of beam current both halo interception and beam break-up (BBU) are important considerations. These factors tend to drive the designs to lower frequencies where the apertures are larger and the transverse impedances are lower. To achieve these goals we propose to use a compact waveguide-damped multi-cell cavity packaged in an SNS-style cryomodule.
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| THPCH040 | Linac Focusing and Beam Break Up for 4GLS | focusing, linac, quadrupole, TESLA | 2871 | ||
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As part of the design for 4GLS the linac focusing and its effect on the beam break up (BBU) threshold have been studied. The choice of graded gradient focusing scheme is discussed and initial models of the focusing, using a triplet of quadrupoles between each of the modules within the linac, are presented. The quadrupoles were set-up in a defocusing - focusing - defocusing format with strengths of -1/2k, k, -1/2k. Using these models the BBU threshold was computed using available codes assuming a 9-cell TESLA cavity within the linac and a 7-cell design with HOM dampers. A sweep of the magnet strength with respect to the BBU threshold showed that there is an optimum setting.
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| THPCH041 | Alternate Cavity Designs to Reduce BBU | recirculation, TESLA, dipole, ERL | 2874 | ||
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An investigation was carried out on alternate cavity designs to decrease the effect of the higher order modes (HOMs) whilst maintaining the cavity accelerating gradient. The cavities were modelled in Microwave Studio and the number of cells per cavity and the number of cells per unit length were examined. HOM data from these models was used in beam break up (BBU) codes to calculate the threshold and the results are presented here. The cells of each cavity were slightly deformed alternately in the x and y planes so that the fundamental frequency of the cavity remained unperturbed, whilst minimising the HOM coupling between consecutive cells. Other patterns, such as alternating each deformed cell by several degrees, were also investigated. The data from these e-m models was also used in BBU calculations and their thresholds calculated.
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| THPCH044 | Beam Break-up Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA Linac | linac, emittance, FEL, simulation | 2883 | ||
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The beam break-up instability is studied for the 1.2 GeV linac of FERMI @ ELETTRA FEL*. This instability is driven by transverse wake fields acting on an electron beam travelling off-axis in the accelerating structures due to the launching errors in positions, angles, energy and misalignment of various lattice elements. Two operational scenarios are considered: one with a relatively long electron bunch of 1.5 ps and a moderate peak current of 500 A and one with a shorter bunch of 0.7 ps and a higher peak current of 800 A. Attention is given to the correction of the "banana" shape of the electron bunch caused by the instability. The simulation results are compared with the analytical predictions.
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*C. Bocchetta et al. “FERMI@Elettra – Conceptual Design for a Seeded Harmonic Cascade FEL for EUV and Soft X-rays”, this conference. |
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| THPCH069 | BBU Calculations for Beam Stability Experiments on DARHT-2 | simulation, impedance, induction, electron | 2943 | ||
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The DARHT-2 (Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test) facility is expected to produce a 2-kA, 20-MeV, 2-microsecond flattop electron beam pulse. Normal operation requires that the beam exit the accelerator with a normalized transverse emittance of less than 0.15-cm-rad. The beam break up (BBU) instability is a potentially serious effect for a high current linear accelerator. It arises from the interaction between the beam and the cavity modes of the accelerating cells. In support of the beam stability experiments, simulations of BBU for DARHT-2 using the Lamda code have been carried out. The simulations used experimental data for the transverse impedance of the cells. Lamda was benchmarked against results calculated with the LLNL code BREAKUP. For nominal transport parameters, simulation results showed that the BBU growth was not significant in changing the beam spot. For a magnetic field reduced by a factor of 5, BBU growth was over a factor of 100, and the image displacement effect was significant.
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| THPCH070 | Long-pulse Beam Stability in the DARHT-II Linear-induction Accelerator | impedance, ion, vacuum, induction | 2946 | ||
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The beam breakup instability has long been a problem for linear induction accelerators (LIAs). Although it is predicted to saturate in the strong focus regime relevant to LIAs most, if not all, LIAs have had pulse-widths too short to observe this effect. We recently completed BBU experiments on a 1.2 kA, 6.7-MeV configuration of the DARHT-II LIA having a 1600-ns pulse length much longer than the saturation time. The saturated growth observed in these experiments when we reduced the magnetic guide-field strength was in agreement with theory. We used these results to deduce that BBU growth will be insignificant in the final 2-kA, 17-MeV DARHT-II configuration with the tunes that will be used. Another problematic instability for long-pulse LIAs such as DARHT-II is the ion-hose. We also performed experiments with the 6.7-MeV long-pulse configuration of DARHT-II in which we deliberately induced ion-hose by raising the background pressure far above its normal value. The results of these experiments were used to show that ion-hose will not be a problem for to the final DARHT-II configuration.
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