EPAC 2006 - List of Keywords

A B C D E F G H I K L M O P Q R S T U V W X

vacuum

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPCH027	Metal Film Photocathodes for High Brightness Electron Injectors	laser, cathode, gun, target	104
	G. Gatti, L. Cultrera, F. Tazzioli, C. Vicario INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Fiori, S. Orlanducci Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, P. Strzyzewski The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock A. Perrone INFN-Lecce, Lecce C. Ristoscu INFLPR, Bucharest - Magurele
	Advanced high brightness injectors require photocathodes with fast response,high quantum efficiency and good surface uniformity. Both Mg films deposited by laser ablation and Pb films deposited by vacuum arc could satisfy these requirements. Their emission and morphology are compared.

MOPCH031	Progress on the Pi-mode X-band RF Cavity for SPARC	simulation, emittance, radiation	116
	L. Ficcadenti, M.E. Esposito, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo Rome University La Sapienza, Roma D. Alesini, B. Spataro INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Bacci INFN-Milano, Milano
	The Frascati photo-injector SPARC (Pulsed Self Amplified Coherent Radiation Source) will be equipped with an x-band RF cavity for linearizing emittance to enhance bunch compression and for reducing bunch longitudinal energy spread. The nine cell standing wave cavity prototype made of separated cells has been already built and measured. In this paper we report on characterization of the first brazed prototype. Heat load studies have been performed as well to design the cooling system for the final device. D. Alesini et al. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 554 (2005) 1.

MOPCH065	Fabrication and Installation of Superconducting Accelerator Modules for the ERL Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury	cryogenics, ERLP, TESLA, linac	178
	P. vom Stein, S. Bauer, M. Pekeler, H. Vogel ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach R. Bate, C.D. Beard, D.M. Dykes, P.A. McIntosh, B. Todd CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Installation and commissioning of the superconducting energy recovery linac(ERL) prototype is under way at Daresbury Laboratory. ACCEL have manufactured two superconducting accelerator modules for the injector and the linac, operating at 2K with 1.3 GHz TESLA type cavities. Each module contains two cavities and is designed to provide an accelerating voltage of 25 MV in cw mode. This paper presents details of the module fabrication, cavity preparation and performance results. An overview of the cryogenic installations for the modules is given and status results of the commissioning are discussed.

MOPCH078	Simulation of Dynamic Vacuum Induced Beam Loss	ion, beam-losses, lattice, target	211
	C. Omet, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann GSI, Darmstadt
	In synchrotrons, operated with intermediate charge state, heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change in charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms or molecules. The resulting A/Z deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact positions, secondary particles are produced by ion stimulated desorption and increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change^- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time (a few turns). A program package has been developed, which links the described beam loss mechanisms to the residual gas status and determines the vacuum dynamics. Core of the program is an ion optics tracking routine, in which the atomic physics and vacuum effects are embedded.

MOPCH085	Pickup Structures for the HESR Stochastic Cooling System	pick-up, COSY, kicker, ion	228
	R. Stassen, P.B. Brittner, G. Schug, H.S. Singer FZJ, Jülich
	The design of the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt includes electron and stochastic cooling. Simulations have shown that the bandwidth of a 2-4 GHz stochastic cooling system is sufficient to achieve the requested beam parameter at the internal target. New 2-4 GHz pickup structures have been developed and tested. First results of the low impedance, printed loop structures will be presented.

MOPCH093	Design of the Double Electrostatic Storage Ring DESIREE	ion, cryogenics, storage-ring, simulation	252
	P. Löfgren, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, A. Paal, K.-G. Rensfelt, A. Simonsson MSL, Stockholm H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt, K. Schmidt FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm
	A double electrostatic storage ring named DESIREE is under construction at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory and Stockholm University. The two rings will have the same circumference, 9.2 m, and a common straight section where merged beam experiments with ions of opposite signs will be performed. The whole structure will be contained in a single vacuum vessel resulting in a very compact design. In addition to its unique double ring structure it will be possible to cool DESIREE down to 10-20K using cryogenerators. This will reduce the internal vibrational and rotational excitations of stored molecules. A cold system will also result in excellent vacuum conditions where longer lifetimes of the stored beams can be expected. While the ion optical calculations have entered a final phase much of the work is now devoted to solve many of the mechanical and cryogenic challenges of DESIREE. In order to test the mechanical and cryogenic properties of for example insulators, vacuum seals, and laser viewports a small test system has been built. The test system is expected to provide valuable information for the final design of DESIREE.

MOPCH103	SPIRAL2 RFQ Prototype – First Results	rfq, injection, ion, SPIRAL2	282
	R. Ferdinand, R. Beunard, V. Desmezières, M. Di Giacomo, P. Robillard GANIL, Caen A.C. Caruso INFN/LNS, Catania S. Cazaux, M. Desmons, A. France, D. Leboeuf, O. Piquet, J.-C. Toussaint CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette M. Fruneau, Y. Gómez-Martínez LPSC, Grenoble
	The SPIRAL2 RFQ has been designed to accelerate a 5 mA deuteron beam (Q/A=1/2) or a 1 mA particle beam with q/A=1/3 up to 0.75 MeV/A at 88MHz. It is a CW machine which has to show stable operation, provide the required availability and reduce losses to a minimum in order to minimize the activation constraints. Extensive modelisation was done to ensure a good vane position under RF. The prototype of this 4-vane RFQ has been built and tested in INFN-LNS Catania and then in IN2P3-LPSC Grenoble. It allowed us to measure the vacuum quality, the RF field by X-ray measurements, the cavity displacement and the real vane displacement during the RF injection. Different techniques were used, including an innovative and effective CCD measurement with a 0.6 μm precision. This paper outlines the different results.

MOPCH106	An Innovative Method to Observe RFQ Vanes Motion with Full-scale RF Power and Water Cooling	rfq, LEFT, SPIRAL2, optics	288
	A. France, O. Piquet CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette R. Ferdinand GANIL, Caen
	The design of high current RFQs is heavily strained by thermo-mechanical considerations, which eventually have an impact on machining costs, cooling systems, etc. A 1-meter long copper prototype of the SPIRAL2 RFQ has been specifically built to corroborate design options. An innovative method has been developed, allowing real-time observation of mechanical deformations of RFQ vanes, with full-scale RF power and water cooling. Digital images are acquired by a CCD camera, and processed by a dedicated software. Processing includes contrast stretching, low-pass filtering, and block-correlation followed by interpolation. Sub-pixel relative motions of RFQ electrode ends are clearly detected and measured, with RMS errors of the order of 0.6 microns.

MOPCH117	Mechanical Design and RF Measurement on RFQ for Front-end Test Stand at RAL	rfq, factory, simulation, coupling	318
	P. Savage, Y.A. Cheng Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London A.P. Letchford CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J.K. Pozimski CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	This paper will present the mechanical design and preliminary results of a RF measurement system for the cold model of a 324MHz 4-vane RFQ, which is part of the development of a proton driver front end test stand at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The design concepts will be discussed and some issues in manufacturing of the RFQ will be pointed out, and specific modifications will be explained. Furthermore, results of thermal simulations of the RFQ will be presented together with RF simulations of the resonant frequency, the Q-value and the longitudinal field distribution.

MOPCH134	Electron-impact Desorption at the RHIC Beam Pipes	electron, RHIC, injection, BNL	360
	U. Iriso, U. Iriso CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) W. Fischer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The electron induced molecular desorption coefficient of a material provides the number of molecules released when an electron hits its surface. This coefficient changes as a function of the material, energy of the electrons, surface status, etc. In this paper, this coefficient is inferred analyzing electron detector and pressure gauge signals during electron clouds at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) beam pipes. The evolution of the electron-impact desorption coefficient after weeks of electron bombardment is followed for both baked and unbaked stainless steel chambers, evaluating the feasibility of the scrubbing effect. Measurements of an energy spectrum during multipacting conditions are shown, and the final results are compared with laboratory simulations.

MOPCH141	Fast Argon-Baking Process for Mass Production of Niobium Superconducting RF Cavities	ion, lattice, superconductivity, superconducting-RF	381
	B. Visentin, J.-P. Charrier, Y. Gasser, S. Regnaud CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Baking is a necessary stage to reach high gradients with niobium superconducting cavities. In the standard process, so called "in-situ UHV baking", Nb cavity is baked at 110°C, during 2 days. During this treatment the inner part of the cavity is pumped out under Ultra High Vacuum conditions. In order to save time, "fast UHV baking" at 145 °C during 3 hours, under UHV pumping, has been successfully demonstrated* with similar improvements for cavity performances compare to the standard treatment. With the same simplification concern, we report here about an alternative method to avoid restrictive UHV requirements. Experiments have been carried out to perform "fast baking" in oxygen-free atmosphere, because bad performances have been observed with "fast baking" in air. These degradations are closely connected with a strong oxygen penetration in bulk analysed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopyon on Nb samples . *Proceedings of SRF Workshop – Ithaca (July 2005) – TuP05.

MOPCH142	Commissioning of the SOLEIL RF Systems	SOLEIL, controls, cryogenics, CERN	384
	P. Marchand, H.D. Dias, M.D. Diop, M.E. El Ajjouri, J.L. Labelle, R.L. Lopes, M. Louvet, C.M. Monnot, J. Polian, F. Ribeiro, T. Ruan, R.S. Sreedharan, K. Tavakoli, C. Thomas-Madec SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette P. Bosland, P. Bredy CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The 352 MHz RF accelerating systems for the SOLEIL Booster (BO) and Storage Ring (SR) are being commissioned. In the BO a 5-cell copper cavity of the CERN-LEP type is powered with a 35kW solid state amplifier. In the SR the required RF accelerating voltage (up to 4.4MV) will be provided by two cryomodules, each containing a pair of superconducting cavities, specifically designed for SOLEIL. The parasitic impedances of the high order modes are strongly attenuated by means of four coaxial couplers, located on the tube connecting the two cavities. The first cryomodule is already installed in the SR tunnel, while the second one is being constructed by ACCEL (Germany). These cryomodules are supplied in liquid helium from a single 350W liquefier and each cavity is powered with a 190kW solid state amplifier. The RF system commissioning and first operation results are reported.

MOPCH143	Electromechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric Actuators Subjected to a Variable Preloading Force at Cryogenic Temperature	cryogenics, simulation, target, linac	387
	M. Fouaidy, N. Hammoudi, M.S. Saki, H. Saugnac, L. Simonet IPN, Orsay
	Piezoelectric actuators are actually used in Fast Active Cold Tuning Systems (FACTS) for SRF cavities. The characteristics, performances and lifetime of these actuators depend on the preloading force applied by the cavity and the FACTS to the piezostacks. Experimental data are needed for reliable and optimum operation of piezostacks in superconducting protons or electrons linacs. In the frame of the CARE project supported by EU, we designed and constructed a dedicated apparatus for studying the electromechanical behavior of prototype piezoelectric actuators subjected to variable preloading force at cryogenic temperatures. This device was successfully used for testing piezoelectric actuators prototypes for T in the range 2K-300K. The dielectric properties as well as dynamic properties were measured including the actuator characteristics when used as force sensor. The corresponding data are reported and discussed.

MOPCH147	Developments in Conditioning Procedures for the TTF-III Power Couplers	DESY, electron, controls, monitoring	399
	H. Jenhani, T. Garvey, P. Lepercq, M. Omeich, C.P. Prevost, V. Variola LAL, Orsay
	Despite extensive experience in many laboratories on power conditioning of couplers for RF superconducting accelerators, it is still not a well understood procedure and can produce many unpredictable phenomena. There remains considerable interest in reducing the power coupler conditioning time necessary for superconducting linear accelerators. This paper presents studies of optimisation of the conditioning procedure for the couplers intended for use on the European XFEL project.

MOPCH148	First RF Tests in the HoBiCaT Superconducting Test Facility at BESSY	TESLA, cryogenics, electron, controls	402
	O. Kugeler, W. Anders, J. Borninkhof, H.G. Hoberg, S. Klauke, J. Knobloch, M. Martin, G. Mielczarek, A. Neumann, D. Pflückhahn, S. Rotterdam, M. Schuster, T. Westphal BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	In preparation for the construction of the BESSY-FEL User Facility, BESSY recently completed the installation of the HoBiCaT cryogenic test facility for superconducting RF (SRF) TESLA cavity units, including all ancillary devices (helium tank, input coupler, tuner, magnetic shielding). It is designed to house two such units in a configuration similar to that envisaged for the superconducting CW linac of the BESSY FEL. Commissioning of the facility is now complete and the first TTF-III RF coupler and cavity unit have been tested. In particular, the complete production, cleaning and assembly of the cavity unit was carried out by industry. These tests thus serve as a first step at qualifying industrial partners for series production of such systems, which will be essential for the future construction of SRF based light sources. Results will be presented.

MOPCH151	Pulsed RF System for the ELBE Superconducting Accelerator	ELBE, controls, klystron, DESY	411
	A. Buechner, F.G. Gabriel FZR/FWFE, Dresden H. Buettig, U. Lehnert, P. Michel, Ch. Schneider, R. Schurig FZR, Dresden
	The RF system for the ELBE accelerator was originally designed for CW mode. Although this works problem-free tests have shown that it is possible to reach higher gradients in the TESLA cavities with a pulsed RF system. The new RF system will be presented together with measurements of the achievable gradients. Roughly 30% higher gradients could now be used in pulsed mode. As positive side effects the radiation by field emission is reduced by the duty cycle and an easy in situ RF conditioning of cavities and coupler windows is possible.

MOPCH154	Dry-ice Cleaning on SRF Cavities	superconductivity, DESY, controls, linac	418
	A. Brinkmann, J.I. Iversen, D. Reschke, J. Ziegler DESY, Hamburg
	High pressure rinsing with ultra-pure water is the well-proven standard cleaning step after chemical or electrochemical surface treatment of SRF cavities. Dry-ice cleaning (DIC) is a powerful additional cleaning option which depends on the sublimation-impulse method. Particles and film contaminations, especially hydro-carbons, are removed without residues. Furthermore DIC offers the possibility of a final horizontal cleaning of a fully equipped cavity because water is not present in the cleaning process. Horizontal cleaning tests on single-cell cavities showed promising high gradient, high Q-value performances, but field emission is still the limiting effect. On the basis of these tests a new IR-heater module is installed to keep a high temperature gradient between the CO2 jet and the cavity surface. New test results for this optimized cleaning set-up will be presented.

MOPCH155	Performance Limitations of Tesla Cavities in the Flash Accelerator and their Relation to the Assembly Process	TESLA, DESY, pick-up, controls	421
	L. Lilje DESY, Hamburg
	Several accelerator modules with superconducting cavities have been assembled for TTF. The paper reviews the performance of these structures and will try to correlate their performance to information about the assembly process. In some cases a performace degradation could be attributed to problems in this process. The introduction of additional quality control steps improved accelerator module performance. For example, the more recently assembled modules have shown the expected acceleration gradients and no vacuum leaks.

MOPCH157	Structural Analysis for a Half-reentrant Superconducting Cavity	simulation, TESLA, linac, linear-collider	424
	E. Zaplatin FZJ, Jülich T.L. Grimm, W. Hartung, M. J. Johnson, M.S. Meidlinger, J. Popielarski NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
	A half-reentrant cavity (1300 MHz, beta=1.0) is being developed at Michigan State University for use in a superconducting linear collider and other applications. The electromagnetic performance of a half-reentrant cell shape is similar to that of a fully reentrant cavity, but a multi-cell half-reentrant cavity can be cleaned using traditional techniques. We present the results of structural analyses of the half-reentrant cavity for the mid-cell, single-cell, and multi-cell cases. The analysis includes the static and dynamic response of the cavity. Stiffening options to minimize the resonant RF frequency shift due to pressure and the Lorentz force are explored.

MOPCH158	HIPPI Triple-spoke Cavity Design	simulation, electron, gun, resonance	427
	E. Zaplatin, M. Pap, R. Tölle FZJ, Jülich
	In the frames of the European project of High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injector (HIPPI) the 352 MHz, beta=0.48 triple-spoke cavity is under development and will be built at the research center FZJ in Juelich. The criteria and results of the cavity RF and structural analyses are presented.

MOPCH165	Low- and Intermediate-beta, 352 MHz Superconducting Half-wave Resonators for High Power Hadron Acceleration	hadron, proton, acceleration, linac	448
	A. Facco, F. Scarpa, D. Zenere INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova R. Losito CERN, Geneva V. Zviagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver
	A beta=0.17, 352 MHz superconducting Half-Wave resonator was designed and constructed at INFN-LNL in the framework of the SPES and EURISOL projects. This cavity, together with the beta=0.31 HWR of similar design that was previously built in the framework of the SPES project, allows acceleration of high power hadron beams in the 5?100 MeV/u energy range, as required in the SPES primary linac and in the first part of the EURISOL proton driver. Main features of this structure, compared to other ones developed elsewhere with different geometries for similar applications, are compactness and mechanical stability. Characteristics and test results will be presented.

MOPCH168	Novel Development on Superconducting Niobium Film Deposition for RF Applications	plasma, cathode, ion, laser	457
	A. Cianchi, L. Catani, D. D. Di Giovenale, J. Lorkiewicz INFN-Roma II, Roma J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, P. Strzyzewski The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock V. M. Merlo, M. Salvato, S. Tazzari Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma B.R. Ruggiero, R. Russo ICIB, Pozzuoli (NA)
	A new deposition technology has been developed, based on a cathodic arc system working under UHV conditions, to produce metallic thin films. The technique presents several advantages compared to standard sputtering, mainly: ionized state of the evaporated material, absence of gases to sustain the discharge, higher energy of atoms reaching the substrate surface, possibility to apply bias to the substrate and to guide the arc plasma using magnetic fields. Recent results on superconducting Niobium films deposited under several conditions and on sapphire substrate are reported. A cavity deposition system has been developed and the plasma transport to the cavity cell studied

MOPCH170	Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Tesla-like SRF Cavity Flanges	TTF, TESLA, cryogenics, collider	463
	L. Monaco, P. Michelato, C. Pagani, N. Panzeri INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	In view of the future large SC accelerator, an improvement of the reliability and a cost reduction of the SRF cavities cold flanges is required. In this paper, a critical analysis of the TESLA-like cold connection flanges at room and at cryogenic temperature is presented. This analysis is based on experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of the joint and of the leak rates during the sealing process. A FEM model, that agrees with the experimental data, is also presented. This model is being used for the optimization of the present SRF flanges and the development of new cold connections.

MOPCH186	First Cool Down of the Juelich Accelerator Module Based on Superconducting Half-Wave Resonators	radiation, shielding, instrumentation, COSY	496
	F.M. Esser, B. Laatsch, H.S. Singer, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich R. Eichhorn TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
	In the context of upgrading the existing proton and deuteron accelerator facility COSY at the Forschungszentrum Juelich, an accelerator module based on superconducting half wave resonators is prototyped. Due to beam dynamics, the requirements of cavity operation and a top-loading design for mounting, the cryostat had to be designed very compact and with a separate vacuum system for beam and insulation vacuum. These restricted requirements lead to very short cold-warm transitions in beam port region and to an unconventional design regarding to the shape of the cryostat vessel. This paper will review the design constraints, gives an overview of the ancillary parts of the module (cavities, tuner, etc.) and will present the results of the first cool-down experiments. Furthermore the future work will be presented.

MOPCH190	Cryomodule Development for Superconducting RF Test Facility (STF) at KEK	KEK, TESLA, superconducting-RF, alignment	505
	K. Tsuchiya, H. Hayano, Y. Higashi, H. Hisamatsu, M. Masuzawa, H. Matsumoto, C. Mitsuda, S. Noguchi, N. Ohuchi, T. Okamura, K. Saito, A. Terashima, N. Toge KEK, Ibaraki
	Current status of the cryomodule development for superconducting RF test facility, STF, at KEK is presented. The objective of the STF construction is to have an experience of 5-m long cryomodule fabrications and to learn an operational method of superconducting RF cavities. The STF consists of two 5-m long cryomodules, each housing four 9-cell cavities (one for 35 MV/m and the other for 45 MV/m). In addition to the cavity type, each cavity has variations in its appendices. Thus, two cryomodules must have different structures for the cavity support and for the port of the RF input coupler. This paper describes the details of the cryomodule design, the development of the bimetallic joint for connecting the titanium helium vessel to the stainless steel cooling pipe, and the studies of the magnetic shielding for high quality cavities.

MOPCH195	The LiCAS-RTRS – A Survey System for the ILC	survey, laser, simulation, CERN	520
	A. Reichold, C. Perry OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. Dawson, J. Green, Y. Han, M. Jones, G. Moss, B. Ottewell, R. Wastie JAI, Oxford G. Grzelak Warsaw University, Warsaw D. Kaemtner, J. Prenting, E. Saemann, M. Schloesser DESY, Hamburg
	The ILC requires an unprecedented accuracy and speed for the survey and alignment of its components. The Rapid Tunnel Reference Surveyor (RTRS) is a self-propelled train intended to automatically survey a reference network in the ILC tunnels with a design accuracy of 200 microns over distances of 600 m. A prototype RTRS has been built by the LiCAS collaboration. It will shortly commence operation at DESY. The operation principle of the RTRS will be explained. The status of the project's hardware, software and calibrations as well as the principles and performance of the underlying measurement techniques will be described.

MOPLS005	A Staged Approach to LHC Commissioning	LHC, instrumentation, controls, CERN	538
	R. Bailey, O.S. Brüning, P. Collier, M. Lamont, R.J. Lauckner, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva
	After a brief reminder of the performance goals of the LHC, the overall strategy proposed for commissioning the machine with protons is presented. A thorough commissioning of the LHC hardware systems, presently ongoing, will lead into a staged approach for the first two years of operation with the beam, allowing both the complexity of the machine operation and the destructive power of the high intensity beams to be introduced in a controlled, incremental manner. The demands on the annual machine schedule are discussed, including the need to incorporate dedicated running for ions and proton-proton total cross section measurements. An important pre-commissioning milestone is the injection of the beam into a sector of the partially completed LHC; the motivation and tests planned are briefly summarised.

MOPLS013	The Roman Pot for LHC	LHC, optics, radiation, scattering	562
	M. Oriunno, M. Deile, K. Eggert, J.-M. Lacroix, S.J. Mathot, E.P. Noschis, R. Perret, E.R. Radermacher, G. Ruggiero CERN, Geneva
	The LHC machine will be equipped with Roman Pot stations by the TOTEM experiment to measure the pp total cross section and to study the elastic scattering and the diffraction physics processes. TOTEM needs to bring the pots, equipped with cold micro-strip silicon detectors, as a close as possible to the high intensity beam of LHC. Because of the special optics required by TOTEM, the beam has a transversal size of only 80 microns at the Roman pot locations. Safety considerations for the machine protection set the limit to 10 ?, i.e. 800 μm. Such unprecedented parameters, together with the issues of the Ultra High Vacuum and the RF compatibility, and the harsh radiation environment, have requested a design for the Roman Pot system, which is compliant with the LHC requirements and operations. To better meet also the challenging requirements of TOTEM, a technology development of a thin window has been pursued and a flatness of less than 50 μm has been obtained by brazing foil of 150 μm thicknesses. A prototype of the Roman Pot and of the thin window box have been manufactured and tested. We describe the main issues of the final design and the results of the preliminary tests.

MOPLS021	Beam Pipe Desorption Rate in RHIC	ion, RHIC, electron, beam-losses	583
	H. Huang, W. Fischer, P. He, H.-C. Hseuh, U. Iriso, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic, J. Wei, S.Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Increase of beam intensity in RHIC has caused several decades of pressure rises in the warm sections during operation. This has been a major factor limiting the RHIC luminosity. About 250 meters of NEG coated beam pipes have been installed in many warm sections to ameliorate this problem. Beam ion induced desorption is one possible cause of pressure rises. A series beam studies in RHIC has been dedicated to estimate the desorption rate of various beam pipes (regular and NEG coated) at various warm sections. Correctors were used to generate local beam losses and consequently local pressure rises. The experiment results are presented and analyzed in this paper.

MOPLS030	Recent Progress of KEKB	luminosity, KEKB, optics, electron	610
	Y. Funakoshi KEK, Ibaraki
	We summarize the machine operation of KEKB during the past one year, focusing on progress for this period.

MOPLS049	Anomalous High Radiation Beam Aborts in the PEP-II B-factory	background, radiation, SLAC, luminosity	652
	M.K. Sullivan, Y. Cai, S. DeBarger, F.-J. Decker, S. Ecklund, A.S. Fisher, S.M. Gierman, S.A. Heifets, R.H. Iverson, A. Kulikov, N. Kurita, S.J. Metcalfe, A. Novokhatski, J. Seeman, K.G. Sonnad, D. Teytelman, J.L. Turner, U. Wienands, D. Wright, Y.T. Yan, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The PEP-II B-factory at SLAC has recently experienced unexpected beam losses due to anomalously high radiation levels at the BaBar detector. The problem was finally traced to the occurrence of very high pressure (>100 nTorr) spikes that have a very short duration (few seconds). We describe the events and show analysis predicting where in the vacuum system the events originated and describe what was discovered in the vacuum system.

MOPLS051	Tracking Down a Fast Instability in the PEP-II LER	SLAC, beam-losses, damping, feedback	658
	U. Wienands, R. Akre, S.C. Curry, S. DeBarger, F.-J. Decker, S. Ecklund, A.S. Fisher, S.A. Heifets, A. Krasnykh, A. Kulikov, A. Novokhatski, J. Seeman, M.K. Sullivan, D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	During Run 5, the beam in the PEP-II Low Energy Ring (LER) became affected by a predominantly vertical instability with very fast growth rate of 10…60/ms - much faster than seen in controlled grow-damp experiments - and varying threshold. The coherent amplitude of the oscillation was limited to approx. 1 mm pk-pk or less and would damp down over a few tens of turns; however, beam loss set in even as the measured amplitude damped, causing a beam abort. This led to the conclusion that the beam was actually blowing up. The presence of a 2 nu_s line in the spectrum suggested a possible head-tail nature of the instability, although chromaticity was not effective in raising the threshold. In this paper we will describe the measurements and data taken to isolate and locate the cause of the instability and, eventually, the discovery and fix of the root cause.

MOPLS063	Accelerator Component Vibration Studies and Tools	quadrupole, TESLA, resonance, DESY	688
	R. Amirikas, A. Bertolini, W. Bialowons DESY, Hamburg
	This talk will cover a research program on accelerator component vibrations. Ground motion and technical noise, such as vacuum and refrigeration systems, couple to the beam, mainly via quadrupoles, making the design of their supports, especially, in the case of the superconducting magnets, critical. This program includes investigation of cold mass vibration of the superconducting quadrupoles inside an accelerating module and sensor performance in the main or fringe field of a linear collider detector. Seismometer accuracy limitations in correlated ground motion measurements are also being investigated.

MOPLS085	Experience with a Zero Impedance Vacuum Flange at He Super-Leak Temperature for the ILC	impedance, KEK, ion, target	753
	H. Matsumoto, F. Furuta, I.H. Inoue, K. Saito, S.N. Sakamoto, K. Ueno KEK, Ibaraki
	Several tens of thousands of vacuum flanges will be used in the construction of the ILC. So the reliability and large scale reproducibility of these elements are important issue. To arrive at a standardized vacuum flange, a new design of a unisex flange has been developed. This important component has to serve in two roles at He-super-leak temperature; both as an rf seal and as a vacuum seal. We chose the unisex type with a 90-degree sharp edge forming the seal. The design is a modification of the DESY S-band rectangular waveguide flange. The variation in flatness between the flange and gasket along the inside wall is within 50 micrometer. This should present zero impedance for a bunched beam and for rf power. The He-super-leak performance was measured using the "build up method", i.e.the test was carried out for three hours at 2 degrees Kelvin. The measured He leak rate was below 1·10^-13 Atm*cc/sec for a test flange after three successive tests. We describe the design concept and the operational experience at various rf frequencies. These span the frequency range corresponding to warm and cold accelerators.

MOPLS087	Series Test of High-gradient Single-cell Superconducting Cavity for the Establishment of KEK Recipe	KEK, electron, pick-up, superconductivity	756
	T. Saeki, F. Furuta, Y. Higashi, T. Higo, S. Kazakov, H. Matsumoto, Y. Morozumi, K. Saito, N. Toge, K. Ueno, H. Yamaoka KEK, Ibaraki M.Q. Ge IHEP Beijing, Beijing K. Kim Kyungpook National University, Daegu R.S. Orr University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
	We have performed a series of vertical tests of single cell Niobium superconducting cavities at 2 degrees Kelvin. These tests aimed at establishing the feasibility of reaching an accelerating gradient of 45 MV/m on a routine basis. The cavity profiles were all of the KEK low loss design and were fabricated from deep drawn Niobium half shells using electron beam welding. The cavity surface preparation followed an established KEK procedure of centrifugal barrel polishing, light chemical polishing, high temperature annealing, electropolishing, and finally a high pressure water rinse. Of the six cavities tested, three exceeded 45 MV/m on the first test. This clearly establishes the feasibility of this gradient. In this paper we describe these tests and our future program for optimising the surface preparation.

MOPLS095	Investigations of DC Breakdown Fields	cathode, CERN, CLIC, ion	777
	T. Ramsvik, S. Calatroni, A. Reginelli, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva
	The need for high accelerating gradients for the future 30 GHz multi-TeV e⁺e^- Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) at CERN has triggered a comprehensive study of DC breakdown fields of metals in UHV. The experimental setup is based on a capacitor discharge across a gap junction. The simple design and fully automated computer control enable breakdown fields and dark current of numerous materials to be measured. The study shows that Mo, W and Ti reach high breakdown fields, and are thus good candidates for the iris material of CLIC structures. For untreated Mo the breakdown field is higher than Cu but the conditioning speed is slower. Ti, on the other hand, shows acceptable conditioning speeds, but material erosion makes this solution problematic. Feasible solutions to increase the spark conditioning speed for the case of Mo are presented together with attempts to prevent Ti erosion. For some of the materials studied a significant reduction in the saturated breakdown field was observed upon gas exposure during intensive spark conditioning. As an example, a 50% decrease of the breakdown field of Mo is recorded when spark conditioning is carried out in an environment of 10^-5 mbar air.

MOPLS103	A High-gradient Test of a 30 GHz Molybdenum-iris Structure	CLIC, CTF3, electron, diagnostics	801
	W. Wuensch, C. Achard, H.-H. Braun, G. Carron, R. Corsini, S. Doebert, R. Fandos, A. Grudiev, E. Jensen, T. Ramsvik, J.A. Rodriguez, J.P.H. Sladen, I. Syratchev, M. Taborelli, F. Tecker, P. Urschütz, I. Wilson CERN, Geneva H. Aksakal Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara Ö.M. Mete Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Tandogan, Ankara
	The CLIC study is investigating a number of different materials as part of an effort to find ways to increase achievable accelerating gradient. So far, a series of rf tests have been made with a set of identical-geometry structures: a tungsten-iris 30 GHz structure, a molybdenum-iris 30 GHz structure and a scaled molybdenum-iris X-band structure. A second molybdenum-iris 30 GHz structure of the same geometry has now been tested in CTF3 with pulse lengths up to 350 ns. The new results are presented and compared to those of the previous structures to determine dependencies of quantities such as accelerating gradient, material, frequency, pulse length, power flow, conditioning rate and breakdown rate.

MOPLS107	Test of SC Undulator for ILC	undulator, positron, collider, electron	813
	A.A. Mikhailichenko Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	We represent details of design and results of test SC 40cm-long undulator having period 10mm and aperture ~8 mm allowing K=0.7. This undulator can be used in ILC positron conversion system.

MOPLS109	Operational Experience with Undulator for E-166	undulator, positron, electron, SLAC	819
	A.A. Mikhailichenko Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	We represent results of operation of 2.54 mm period, K=0.2, up to 30 Hz undulator used in E-166 experiment for polarized positron production. One peculiarity is in usage of Ferrofluid for cooling.

MOPLS114	Construction of the Probe Beam Photo-injector of CTF3	emittance, gun, simulation, laser	828
	J. Brossard, M. Desmons, B.M. Mercier, C.P. Prevost, R. Roux LAL, Orsay
	The paper describes the HF and dynamic beam modelling performed onto the 3 GHz / 2,5 cells photo-injector of the future CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) probe beam linac, whose goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of the 30 GHz accelerating sections in the framework of the CLIC project. The Probe Beam Photo-Injector (PBPI) conception is inspired from the drive beam photo-injector already designed by LAL (Orsay, France) and actually tested in our laboratory. However, the design of PBPI has been simplified with respect to the previous because the charge per bunch is 4 times lower and the number of bunches several orders of magnitude smaller. The internal geometry and the coupling system of the PBPI have been designed with 2D (SUPERFISH) and 3D (HFSS, ANSYS) codes. A detailed analysis of the dissymmetry (induced by the coupling system) of the accelerating field component has been performed. Based on the modified design, PARMELA simulations showed that the technical specifications are fulfilled. The vacuum issue has been also carefully investigated, and NEG (Non Evaporated Getter) technology has been adopted in order to reach the 10^-10 mbar pressure inside the structure.

MOPLS116	Status Report on the Harmonic Double-sided Microtron of MAMI C	linac, dipole, MAMI, klystron	834
	A. Jankowiak, K. Aulenbacher, O. Chubarov, M. Dehn, H. Euteneuer, F.F. Fichtner, F. Hagenbuck, R.H. Herr, P. Jennewein, K.-H. Kaiser, W.K. Klag, H.J. Kreidel, U.L. Ludwig-Mertin, J.R. Röthgen, S.S. Schumann, G.S. Stephan, V. Tioukine IKP, Mainz
	The Mainz Mikrotron MAMI is a cascade of three racetrack microtrons, delivering since 1991 a high quality 855MeV, 100muA cw electron beam for nuclear and radiation physics experiments. An energy upgrade of this machine to 1.5GeV by adding a Harmonic Double-Sided Microtron (HDSM)* as a fourth stage is well under way. Here we give a review of the experiences gained during fabrication and testing of the main components of the HDSM and report the status of its construction. Initial operation of the machine is expected for the first half of 2006. After a period of commissioning in diagnostic pulse mode with low beam power (10ns, high intensity bunch trains with a repetition rate of max. 10kHz), soon the first nuclear physics experiments will be started. *A. Jankowiak et al. "Design and Status of the 1.5 GeV-Harmonic Double Sided Microtron for MAMI", Proceedings EPAC2002, Paris, p. 1085.

MOPLS136	Ion Effects in the Damping Rings of ILC and CLIC	ion, CLIC, damping, wiggler	876
	F. Zimmermann, W. Bruns, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva
	We discuss ion trapping, rise time of the fast beam-ion instability, and ion-induced incoherent tune shift for various incarnations of the ILC damping rings and for CLIC, taking into account the different regions of each ring. Analytical calculations for ion trapping are compared with results from a new simulation code.

TUPCH010	Profile Measurement by Beam Induced Fluorescence for 60 MeV/u to 750 MeV/u Heavy Ion Beams	ion, background, photon, heavy-ion	1013
	P. Forck, C. Andre, F. Becker, H. Iwase GSI, Darmstadt D. Hoffmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
	At the planned heavy ion facility FAIR very intense beams of heavy ions will be transported between various synchrotrons and focused on targets for secondary ion productions. For the transverse profile determination only non-destructive methods are suited due to the large deposed beam power. We investigated experimentally the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) method. Due to the atomic collision by the beam ions the residual gas N2 is excited to fluorescence levels. Single photon detection is performed by a double MCP image intensifier coupled to a digital CCD camera. Extensive experimental studies (with the today available lower ion currents) were performed to determine the photon yield and the background contribution for different ion species and beam energies. The measured profiles show a good correspondence to other methods as long as the vacuum pressure by a regulated N2 inlet is below 10-1 mbar. Based on the experimental results, the layout for a BIF profile determination will be discussed.

TUPCH013	Numerical Calculations of Position Sensitivity for Linear-cut Beam Position Monitors	simulation, pick-up, coupling, CERN	1022
	P. Kowina, A.A. Galatis, W. Kaufmann, J. Schoelles GSI, Darmstadt
	In this contribution the results of simulations performed for different geometries of linear-cut Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are compared for two design types: i)based on metal electrodes and ii)using a metal coated ceramics. The advantage of the ceramic solution is a compact construction allowing easy positioning. Contrary, the construction based on the metal electrodes benefits from its simplicity. The main goals in optimization are the sensitivity and linearity of the position determination. High position sensitivity can be achieved by the reduction of the plate-to-plate cross talks caused by coupling capacities. For instance, the insertion of an additional guard ring into the gap between the active plates leads to an increase of the sensitivity by about 30%. This insertion is necessary in case of ceramic solution: The large ceramics permeability enlarges the coupling capacity by about a factor of four. The careful geometrical arrangement allows to avoid resonances in the interesting frequency range i.e. from 0.2 to 200MHz. The displayed simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio. The investigated BPMs will be used in the FAIR facility presently under design at GSI.

TUPCH016	Numerical Simulation of Synchrotron Radiation for Bunch Diagnostics	simulation, radiation, DESY, synchrotron	1031
	A. Paech, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt O. Grimm DESY, Hamburg
	For the operation of the VUV-FEL at DESY, Hamburg, the longitudinal charge distribution of the electron bunches that drive the free electron laser is of high importance. One novel method to measure the bunch shape is to analyze the coherent far-infrared synchrotron radiation generated at the last dipole magnet of the first bunch compressor. For the correct interpretation of the results it is mandatory to know how various parameters, like the bunch shape and path, the vacuum chamber walls, the optical beamline, etc., influence the observed spectrum. The aim of this work is to calculate the generation of synchrotron radiation inside the bunch compressor with the emphasis of including the effects of the vertical and horizontal vacuum chamber walls in the vicinity of the last dipole magnet. Challenging problems for the numerical simulations are the very short wavelength and the broad frequency range of interest. As a first step, it is shown how the radiation leaving the vacuum chamber, that is generated by a single point charge, can be calculated with the help of the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD).

TUPCH042	The Optical System for a Smith-Purcell Experiment at 45MeV	radiation, background, cryogenics, electron	1097
	V. Blackmore, W.W.M. Allison, G. Doucas, C. Perry OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon P.G. Huggard CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon M.B. Johnston University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford B. Redlich, A.F.G. van der Meer FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein
	Smith-Purcell (SP) radiation has been used to investigate the longitudinal profile of a 45MeV, picosecond long bunched beam at the FELIX facility, FOM Institute. The three important optical elements that made this experiment possible were (i) high quality optical filters, (ii) nonimaging light concentrators, (iii) and a system to rapidly change between gratings.

TUPCH057	A Diagnostic System for Beam Abort at KEKB	beam-losses, KEKB, KEK, controls	1139
	H. Ikeda, K. Akai, J.W. Flanagan, T. Furuya, S. Hiramatsu, M. Suetake, Y. Suetsugu, M. Tobiyama, T. Tsuboyama KEK, Ibaraki S. Stanic Tsukuba University, Ibaraki
	A controlled beam abort system has been installed at KEKB for the protection of the hardware components of the accelerator and detector from damage by ampere-class beam currents. In order to identify the reason for each abort and optimize the abort system to handle each type of problem as well as improve machine operation, a diagnostic system has been developed. Fast signals, such as beam currents, accelerating voltages of the RF cavities and beam loss monitor signals from PIN photo-diodes are recorded and analyzed by a data logger system with a high sampling rate at the moment of each abort. Beam oscillations, radiation dose at the detector and vacuum pressure are also examined to classify the reasons for beam loss and aborts. Statistics and typical examples of these aborts will be discussed.

TUPCH061	Installation of Beam Monitor Sensors in the LINAC Section of J-PARC	linac, quadrupole, KEK, pick-up	1151
	S. Sato, H. Ao, T. Tomisawa, A. Ueno JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken H. Akikawa JAEA, Ibaraki-ken Z. Igarashi, S. Lee KEK, Ibaraki
	In the LINAC section of J-PARC, we have several type of sensors of monitor, i.e, Beam Position Monitor, Beam Profile Monitor, Beam Size Monitor, Current Monitor, Beam Phase Monitor, Beam Loss Monitor. Those sensors are being installed currently. The procedures, remarks during the installation, status are described in this paper. As an examle, the beam postion monitors are one of sensors which are taken cared intensively for their positioning on their housing quadrupole magnet, then our cares during their installation are described .

TUPCH070	Development of Beam Profile Monitor for Cyclotron	cyclotron, CDA, positron, TTF	1169
	K.-H. Park, S.-M. Hong, Y.G. Jung, D.E. Kim, H.-G. Lee, W.W. Lee PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk D.H. An, J.-S. Chai, Y.S. Kim KIRAMS, Seoul B.-K. Kang POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	A beam profile monitor was designed and fabricated to measure the beam shape of the cyclotron MC50 beam line at KIRAMS. The sensor module was made of 13 tungsten wires and they were assembled into an array type. The sensor wires whose diameter is 1 mm were placed in parallel with the incident beam, while they were placed in the perpendicular direction to the incident beam in the conventional method. Thus this monitor has a linear actuator to scan whole beam profile, which moves the sensor module from the dormant to measurement position or vice versa. The current output of each sensor was amplified using a trans-resistance amplifier which can measure input current in the range of 1 pA. The amplifier had a resolution of ~ 20 fA, the temperature drift of ~0.5 pA/°C, and the signal-to-noise ratio greater than 80 dB. Various test results of the amplifier and sensor module assembly are given in this paper. The measured current profiles of cyclotron beam line at KIRAMS are also given.

TUPCH078	BPM Design for the ALBA Synchrotron	impedance, booster, storage-ring, pick-up	1190
	F. Pérez, A. Olmos ALBA, Bellaterra T.F. Günzel ESRF, Grenoble
	ALBA is a 3 GeV, low emittance, 3rd generation synchrotron light source that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. Vertical beam sizes down to a few microns will require beam stabilities on the submicron level. The BPM has to be designed in order to provide reliable and accurate beam position readings. Simulation and computational codes have been used to optimise, for a given vacuum chamber dimension, the BPM design. The optimisation has taken into account the usual sensitivity and intrinsic resolution parameters, but as well, the wakefield loss factor of the buttons. Due to the small vertical vacuum chamber dimension and the high design current, the beam power deposited in the buttons is becoming a concern due to the thermal deformation effects that can introduce errors at the submicron level. A compromise between a higher intrinsic resolution from one side, and a low power deposited by the beam in the buttons from the other, define the final buttons dimensions.

TUPCH081	Technical Aspects of the Integration of the Optical Replica Synthesizer for the Diagnostics of Ultra-short Bunches in FLASH at DESY	laser, electron, undulator, DESY	1199
	V.G. Ziemann UU/ISV, Uppsala N.X. Javahiraly, P. van der Meulen FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm M. Larsson Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm E. Saldin, H. Schlarb, E. Schneidmiller, A. Winter, M.V. Yurkov DESY, Hamburg
	In this paper we present an overview of current status of the Optical Replica synthesizer at DESY. The method is based on producing an "optical copy" of the electron bunch with its subsequent analysis with optical techniques. To this end, a near-IR laser beam is superimposed on the electron beam in the first undulator of an optical klystron. In the following dispersive section the laser-induced energy modulation is transformed into a density modulation . The modulated electron bunch then produces a strong optical pulse in the second undulator. Analysis of this near-IR pulse (the optical copy) then provides information about the profile, the slice emittance and the slice energy spread of the electron bunch. We discuss the implementation of such a measurement set-up at the FLASH facility at DESY and investigate the influence of various parameters on the performance of the device. Topics we address include the dispersive chicane, as well as the requirements for the seed laser pulses and the detection and analysis of the near-IR pulse. E. Saldin, et al. "A simple method for the determination of the structure of ultrashort relativistic electron bunches," Nucl. Inst. and Methods A 539 (2005) 499.

TUPCH082	The EuroTeV Confocal Resonator Monitor Task	coupling, CTF3, pick-up, resonance	1202
	V.G. Ziemann, T. J. C. Ekelof, A. Ferrari, M. A. Johnson, E. A. Ojefors, A. B. Rydberg UU/ISV, Uppsala F. Caspers CERN, Geneva
	We describe the progress in the analysis of the confocal resonator monitor task which is part of the diagnostics workpackage of EuroTeV. The initial design was analyzed both numerically and experimentally and found limitations. We therefore digressed from strict confocality and report the numerical analysis and S-parameter measurements of a modified design. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanical design needed for planned tests with beam in CTF3 which requires integration of the monitor into the beam pipe, damping of trapped modes, and frequency tunability.

TUPCH109	Ion-related Phenomenon in UVSOR/UVSOR-II Electron Storage Ring	ion, single-bunch, electron, storage-ring	1265
	A. Mochihashi, K. Hayashi, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki Y. Hori KEK, Ibaraki Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya
	A vertical betatron tune shift depending on beam current under multibunch condition was observed in the UVSOR storage ring. Vertical tune increased as beam current decreased, and the slope of the tune shift depended on the condition of the vacuum in the ring. Such a change in vertical tune was explained by a change in the stability condition of trapped ions/* with the beam current. Based on a theoretical model*** that gives density of the trapped ions the experimental results were discussed via analytic and tracking calculations. Both the effect from the residual gas ions generated by scattering between high energy electrons and molecules and that from dissociated ions that come from secondary ionization processes have been discussed. In quest of the ion-related phenomenon in single-bunch condition, precise tune measurement has been also performed in the UVSOR-II storage ring. The experimental results in the single-bunch condition have been discussed. Precise measurement of vacuum pressure in the beam duct is a key issue of the ion-related phenomenon. A design of vacuum pressure measurement system via detecting residual gas fluorescence will be introduced in the presentation. R. D. Kohaupt. DESY Internal. Bericht No.H1-71/2 (1971). Y. Baconnier and G. Brianti. CERN Internal Report No.CERN/SPS/80-2(DI) (1980). **A. Mochihashi et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (2005) 430.

TUPCH110	Upgrade of Main RF Cavity in UVSOR-II Electron Storage Ring	electron, storage-ring, optics, controls	1268
	A. Mochihashi, K. Hayashi, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, J. Yamazaki UVSOR, Okazaki H. Suzuki Toshiba, Yokohama Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya
	The UVSOR electron storage ring, which is dedicated to a synchrotron radiation (SR) light source especially for VUV and Soft X-ray, has been improved at the beginning of 2003, and transverse emittance in the improved ring (UVSOR-II)* has been decreased from 165nm-rad to 60 and/or 27nm-rad. Users runs have been performed since September 2003 with 60nm-rad mode, and since then high brilliant SR beams have been supplied routinely for users. The 27nm-rad mode, however, was difficult to introduce to daily operation initially because Touschek lifetime was insufficient in such small emittance condition. To improve the beam lifetime and make full use of the SR beams, we have built new main RF cavity. The aim of the improvement was to increase momentum acceptance by increasing RF accelerating voltage; the previous cavity generated the voltage of 55kV, whereas the new one can generate 150kV in maximum without changing RF frequency (90.1MHz) and transmitter (20kW in maximum). The new cavity has been installed in the UVSOR-II in spring of 2005, and high power commissioning went on smoothly. Because of the improvement, from spring 2005 the UVSOR-II has switched the daily users run to 27nm-rad. *M. Katoh et al., in this conference.

TUPCH113	Construction of the ALPHA-X Photo-injector Cavity	gun, cathode, electron, injection	1277
	J. Rodier, T. Garvey LAL, Orsay D.A. Jaroszynski, V.M. Pavlov, Y.M. Saveliev, M. Wiggins USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer PP, Soest
	We will describe the construction and low power testing of an RF cavity to be used as a photo-injector for the ALPHA-X project within the Department of Physics at the University of Strathclyde (UK). The gun is a two and a half cell S-band cavity, employing a metallic photo-cathode. RF power is coupled to the gun via a co-axial power coupler. The specification of the gun and the low power measurements made to achieve the correct mode frequency and field flatness will be presented.

TUPCH114	A Ridged Circular Waveguide Ferrite Load for Cavity HOM Damping	damping, simulation, impedance, radiation	1280
	E. Weihreter, V. Duerr, F. Marhauser BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	A normal conducting HOM damped 500 MHz prototype cavity has been tested with three tapered circular double ridged waveguide to coaxial transitions as HOM couplers, featuring maximum longitudinal and transverse HOM impedances below 5 kOhm and 200 kOhm/m respectively. Numerical simulations indicate that these impedance levels can be further reduced by more than a factor of 3 using homogeneous circular double ridged waveguides for improved coupling to the HOMs. In the present paper the layout of an optimised homogeneous waveguide with "in vacuum" ferrite tiles is presented, including mechanical and thermal design considerations. Low power reflectrometry measurements demonstrate good matching of a prototype load, and high power tests of the ferrite absorber elements indicate that the waveguide load is well suited for the cavity HOM power levels present in state of art 3rd generation SR sources.

TUPCH118	Manufacturing and Testing of 2.45 GHz and 4.90 GHz Biperiodic Accelerating Structures for MAMI C	coupling, MAMI, resonance, SLAC	1292
	A. Jankowiak, O. Chubarov, H. Euteneuer IKP, Mainz K. Dunkel, C. Piel, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	At the Institut fur Kernphysik (IKPH) of Mainz University the fourth stage of the Mainz Microtron (MAMI), a 855MeV to 1500MeV Harmonic Double Sided Microtron, is now on the verge of first operation. For this project ACCEL Instruments GmbH manufactured biperiodic, on axis coupled, standing wave accelerating structures at the frequencies of 2.45GHz and 4.90GHz. Four resp. eleven multicell sections were manufactured, low power characterized and after delivery tested at the high power test stand of IKPH. This paper describes the production and characterization of these structures, presents results of the high power tests, and compares these data with results gained at IKPH for an in house built 4.90GHz prototype and the 2.45GHz structures built in the 1980s. A. Jankowiak et al. "Design and Status of the 1.5 GeV-Harmonic Double Sided Microtron for MAMI", Proceedings EPAC2002, Paris, p. 1085.

TUPCH126	Outgassing Rate of Highly Pure Copper Electroplating Applied to RF Cavities	linac, LEFT, KEK, simulation	1307
	T. Abe, T. Kageyama, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, Y. Sato, Y. Takeuchi KEK, Ibaraki Z. Kabeya, T. Kawasumi MHI, Nagoya T. Nakamura, S. Nishihashi, K. Tsujimoto Asahi Kinzoku Co., Ltd., Gifu K. Tajiri Churyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Nagoya
	We plan to apply a new copper electroplating with a high purity and a high electric conductivity to normal-conducting RF cavities for electron or positron storage rings with a high current beam. As reported in 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, our first test cavity, made of iron, with the electroplated copper surface finished up by electropolishing showed an excellent electric performance compared with the case of cavities made of oxygen free copper. Our next step is to examine the vacuum performance. This paper reports results of the outgassing-rate measurements on our second test cavity together with its fabrication process.

TUPCH137	Design of the RF System for 30 MeV Cyclotron	cyclotron, simulation, impedance, coupling	1340
	I.S. Jung, D.H. An, J.-S. Chai, H.B. Hong, S.S. Hong, M.G. Hur, H.S. Jang, J. Kang, J.H. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, M.Y. Lee, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul K.H. Kwon SKKU, Seoul
	LAD (Lab. of Accelerator Development) in KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences) developed 13MeV medical cyclotron, named by KIRAMS-13, for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) in 2001. Now, KIRAMS-13 is widespread in Korea through the national project, "Development of Cyclotron and FDG Synthesis module." But, there is just one cyclotron for SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) in Korea, which is made by IBA, Belgium. If some problems are happened, we should shut off the cyclotron until IBA engineer fixes them. So, we decide to develop a 30MeV cyclotron, named KIRAMS-30, which has high-performance compared with existing commercial cyclotrons and will install this machine to radioactive isotopes production and researches in Advanced Radiation Technology Institute. In this paper, we design RF system, such as cavity, power coupler, and so on. At design of RF components, we consider mechanical stability, RF heating and cooling, arcing and multipacting, low maintenance. We simulate KIRAMS-30 with MWS (MicroWave Studio) and present simulation results.

TUPCH140	Studies of Thermal Fatigue Caused by Pulsed RF Heating	collider, linear-collider, controls, linac	1343
	S.V. Kuzikov, Yu. Danilov, N.S. Ginzburg, N.Yu. Peskov, M.I. Petelin, A. Sergeev, A.A. Vikharev, N.I. Zaitsev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod A.V. Elzhov, A. Kaminsky, O.S. Kozlov, E.A. Perelstein, S. Sedykh, A.P. Sergeev JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region I. Syratchev CERN, Geneva
	A future linear collider with a multi-TeV level of energies of the collided particles in the center of masses is naturally associated with high frequencies and a high power RF level. One of the interfering factors in this way is an effect of copper damage due to multi-pulse mechanical stress caused by high-power microwaves. In order to get new information about this effect, we started an experiment with the test cavity fed by 30 GHz FEM oscillator (15-30 MW, 100-200 ns, 0.5 - 1 Hz). Now we finished the second phase of this experiment where the test cavity was irradiated by 0.1 millions of RF pulses with temperature rise ~140 C in each pulse. The third phase is the experiment with 1 million pulses. In the next planned experiment with 36 GHz magnetron (0.1-0.15 MW, 1-2 mks, 0.01 - 1 kHz) we are going to investigate the thermal fatigue in most interesting for collider application region of temperatures (30-50 C). It is expected that these two experiments will supply necessary statistical information for the developed theory of the thermal fatigue in order to extrapolate lifetime numbers to other values of the temperature rise and pulse duration.

TUPCH142	Development of a Novel RF Waveguide Vacuum Valve	CTF3, CLIC, coupling, electromagnetic-fields	1349
	A. Grudiev CERN, Geneva
	The development of a novel rf waveguide vacuum valve is presented. The rf design is based on the use of TE0n modes of circular waveguides. In the device, the T·10⁰¹ mode at the input is converted into a mixture of several TE0n modes which provide low-loss rf power transmission across the vacuum valve gap, these modes are then converted back into the T·10⁰¹ mode at the output. There are a number of advantages associated with the absence of surface fields in the region of the valve: 1)Possibility to use commercially available vacuum valves equipped with two specially designed mode converter sections. 2)No necessity for an rf contact between these two sections. 3)Increased potential for high power rf transmission. This technology can be used for all frequencies for which vacuum waveguides are used. The only drawback is that, in rectangular waveguides, mode converters from the operating mode into the T·10⁰¹ mode and back again are necessary. Experimental results for the 30 GHz valves developed for the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) are presented showing in particular that the rf power transmission losses are below 1%.

TUPCH144	Automatic Conditioning of the CTF3 RF System	klystron, CTF3, controls, CERN	1355
	J.P.H. Sladen, S. Deghaye, S. Livesley, J. Marques Balula, J. Mourier, J.-M. Nonglaton CERN, Geneva A. Dubrovsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The RF system of CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) includes ten 35 MW to 40 MW 3 GHz klystrons and one 20 MW 1.5 GHz klystron. High power RF conditioning of the waveguide network and cavities connected to each klystron can be extremely time consuming. Because of this, a fully automatic conditioning system has been developed within a CERN JINR (Dubna) collaboration. It involves relatively minor hardware additions, most of the work being in application and front-end software. The system has already been used very successfully.

TUPCH146	The Interactions of Surface Damage on RF Cavity Operation	site, electron, RF-structure, controls	1361
	J. Norem, A. Hassanein, Z. Insepov ANL, Argonne, Illinois A. Bross, A. Moretti, Z. Qian Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D. Li, M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California R.A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia D.N. Seidman, K. Yoon NU, Evanston, Illinois Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	Studies of low frequency RF systems for muon cooling has led to a variety of new techniques for looking at dark currents, a new model of breakdown, and, ultimately, a model of RF cavity operation based on surface damage. We find that cavity behavior is strongly influenced by the spectrum of enhancement factors on field emission sites. Three different spectra are involved: one defining the initial state of the cavity, the second determined by the breakdown events, and the third defining the equilibrium produced as a cavity operates at its maximum field. We have been able to measure these functions and use them to derive a wide variety of cavity parameters: conditioning behavior, material, pulse length, temperature, vacuum, magnetic field, pressure, gas dependence. In addition we can calculate the dependence of breakdown rate on surface field and pulse length. This work correlates with data from Atom Probe Tomography. We will describe this model and new experimental data.

TUPCH147	High Pressure RF Cavities in Magnetic Fields	pick-up, klystron, ion, resonance	1364
	P.M. Hanlet, M. Alsharo'a, R. E. Hartline, R.P. Johnson, M. Kuchnir, K. Paul Muons, Inc, Batavia C.M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D.M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
	A study of RF breakdown in pressurized cavities immersed in strong magnetic fields has begun as part of a program to develop RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas to be used for muon ionization cooling. A pressurized 805 MHz test cell is being used at Fermilab to compare the conditioning and breakdown behavior of copper, molybdenum, and beryllium electrodes as functions of hydrogen and helium gas densities and magnetic field strength. These results will be compared to the predicted or known RF breakdown behavior of these metals in vacuum with and without external magnetic fields.

TUPCH148	201 MHz Cavity R&D for MUCOOL and MICE	emittance, factory, collider, coupling	1367
	D. Li, S.P. Virostek, M.S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California A. Bross, A. Moretti, B. Norris Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois J. Norem ANL, Argonne, Illinois H.L. Phillips, R.A. Rimmer, M. Stirbet Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia M. Reep, D.J. Summers UMiss, University, Mississippi Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	We describe the design, fabrication and preliminary testing of the prototype 201 MHz copper cavity for a muon ionization cooling channel. Application of the cavity includes the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) as well as cooling channels for a neutrino factory or a muon collider. This cavity was developed by the US MUCOOL collaboration and is being tested in the MUCOOL Test Area (MTA) at Fermilab. In order to achieve a high accelerating gradient, the cavity beam irises are terminated by a pair of curved, thin beryllium windows. Several of the fabrication methods developed for this cavity and the windows are novel and offer significant cost savings compared to conventional construction methods. Cavity thermal and RF performance will be compared to FEA modeling predictions. RF commissioning results will be presented.

TUPCH154	RF Amplifier for Next Generation Light Sources	controls, power-supply, monitoring, cathode	1385
	J.S. Przybyla, E. Radcliffe e2v Technologies, Essex
	This paper describes the design concepts and development issues around generating a compact 16kW 1.3GHz RF amplifier for use in the next generation of light sources. These amplifiers need to be operated for extended periods to maximise use of the facility and so high reliability and availability are of key importance. Equally important are the capabilities to have extensive self-monitoring and fault prediction, autonomous operation, low heat dissipation to air, and easy maintenance. The design and development of such an RF amplifier based on the latest e2v technologies 1.3GHz inductive output tube (IOT) will be described. The RF amplifier equipment makes extensive use of commercially available products and industry collaborations to produce an amplifier that meets all the requirements yet can be manufactured and operated in a most cost effective manner. Prototype equipment will be shown at EPAC 06.

TUPCH159	High Power Waveguide Switching System for SPring-8 Linac	klystron, linac, injection, electron	1397
	T. Taniuchi, T. Asaka, H. Dewa, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, A. Mizuno, S. Suzuki, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken A. Miura Nihon Koshuha Co., Ltd., Yokohama
	A vacuum waveguide switch has been developed to build a backup system of an RF source for the electron injector system and the klystron drive line in the SPring-8 linac. A high power test of the waveguide switch was carried out, and the maximum RF power of 62 MW in peak, 1μsecond in pulse width and 10 pps in repetition rate was achieved without serious problems in RF and vacuum characteristics. The backup system utilizing this waveguide switch has been installed in the electron injector system.

TUPCH163	Status of 30 GHz High Power RF Pulse Compressor for CTF3	CTF3, laser, CLIC, linac	1405
	I. Syratchev CERN, Geneva
	A 70 ns 30 GHz pulse compressor with resonant delay lines has been built and installed in the CTF3 test area to obtain the high peak power of 150 MW necessary to demonstrate the full performance of the new CLIC accelerating structure. This pulse compressor will be commissioned at high power in 2006. Different methods to provide fast RF phase switching are discussed. The current status of the CTF3 RF pulse compressor commissioning and first results are presented.

TUPCH164	Ka-band Test Facility for High-gradient Accelerator R&D	SLAC, cathode, CLIC, DIAMOND	1408
	M.A. LaPointe, J.L. Hirshfield, E.V. Kozyrev Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT A.A. Bogdashov, A.V. Chirkov, G.G. Denisov, A.S. Fix, D.A. Lukovnikov, V.I. Malygin, Yu.V. Rodin, M.Y. Shmelyov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod S.V. Kuzikov, A.G. Litvak, O.A. Nezhevenko, M.I. Petelin, A.A. Vikharev, V.P. Yakovlev Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut G.V. Serdobintsev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk S.V. Shchelkunov Columbia University, New York
	Achievement of high acceleration gradients in room-temperature structures requires basic studies of electric and magnetic RF field limits at surfaces of conductors and dielectrics. Facilities for such studies at 11.4 GHz have been in use at KEK and SLAC; facilities for studies at 17.1 GHz are being developed at MIT and UMd; and studies at 30 GHz are being conducted at CERN using the CLIC drive beam to generate short intense RF pulses. Longer pulse studies at 34 GHz are to be carried out at a new test facility being established at the Yale Beam Physics Laboratory, built around the Yale/Omega-P 34-GHz magnicon. This high-power amplifier, together with an available ensemble of components, should enable tests to be carried at up to about 9 MW in 1 mcs wide pulses at up to four output stations or, using a power combiner, at up to about 35 MW in 1 mcs wide pulses at a single station. RF pulse compression is planned to be used to produce 100-200 MW, 100 ns pulses; or GW-level, 1 mcs wide pulses in a resonant ring. A number of experiments have been prepared to utilize multi-MW 34-GHz power for accelerator R&D, and users for future experiments are encouraged to express their interest.

TUPCH171	Calculation, Measurement and Analysis of Vacuum Pressure Data and Related Bremsstrahlung Levels on Straight Sections of the ESRF	ESRF, radiation, storage-ring, optics	1417
	R. Kersevan, P. Berkvens, P. Colomp ESRF, Grenoble
	One of the major personal safety issues of modern synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources is the minimization of the exposure of beamline staff and users to high-energy bremsstrahlung (BS) radiation generated in the straight sections of the storage ring and entering the optics hutches of the beamlines. This is particularly important when insertion device (ID) narrow-gap chambers are installed, nowadays characterized by very low specific conductances. At the ESRF, this has led to the implementation of systematic measurements of BS levels and vacuum conditioning curves, in conjunction with the installation of non-evaporable getter (NEG)-coated ID chambers. A dedicated beamline is used to do on-axis measurements of the BS intensity during the initial conditioning period of newly installed NEG-coated ID chambers. This paper will show results of measurements and calculations performed throughout the years, and comment on the suitability from the radiation safety point of view of the installation of NEG-coated chambers in large numbers around the ring.

TUPCH172	Status Report on the Performance of NEG-coated Chambers at the ESRF	ESRF, CERN, radiation, beam-losses	1420
	R. Kersevan, M. Hahn, i. Parat ESRF, Grenoble
	At the ESRF, the use of NEG-coated narrow gap chambers for insertion device (ID) straight sections has become the standard choice for in-air IDs. A total of 25 chambers have been installed at different times in the ring, with 19 being installed as of Jan 2006, for a total length of 82 m. The vacuum performance has been excellent for all but one of them. It has been found that the now standard "10mm" design, i.e. a 5 m-long, 57x8 mm2 ellipse, is compatible with the multi-bunch operation at 200 mA. Runs at higher currents, performed in preparation of current upgrades, have gone smoothly. During 2005, a 3.5 m-long prototype of a chamber suited for installation in the achromat part of the lattice has been installed in the ring. It was characterized by a much smaller cross-section (30x20 mm2, HxV) as compared to a standard chamber (74x33 mm2, HxV), and by the absence of three lumped pumps, replaced by the NEG-coating. The data taken during a full run have been extremely encouraging, to the point of considering the adoption of a similar design for a future upgrade of the storage ring lattice and vacuum system. A status report will be given, alongside with a discussion of future plans.

TUPCH173	Understanding of Ion Induced Desorption Using the ERDA Technique	ion, target, GSI, beam-losses	1423
	M. Bender, H. Kollmus GSI, Darmstadt W.A. Assmann LMU, München
	In heavy ion synchrotrons like SIS18 at GSI high energetic ions can impact on the beam pipe and release gas molecules. This so called "ion induced desorption" deteriorates the accelerator vacuum and as a consequence the beam life time and luminosity. To minimize the pressure increase it is necessary to understand the physics of ion induced desorption. The elastic recoil ion detection analysis (ERDA) can give a time resolved element specific depth profile of a probe under ion bombardment. A UHV-ERDA setup has been installed at GSI to investigate correlations between desorption and material properties as well as its dose dependant evolution. Recent experiments have shown the influence of the surface state of a sample such as the oxide layer on steel as well as the importance of a high-purity bulk such as in silicon and OFHC copper. We will present the results of gold coated copper in comparison to stainless steel as applicable materials for accelerators.

TUPCH174	Vacuum Issues and Challenges of SIS18 Upgrade at GSI	dipole, ion, quadrupole, GSI	1426
	H. Kollmus, M.C. Bellachioma, M. Bender, A. Kraemer, J. Kurdal, H.R. Sprenger GSI, Darmstadt
	For the present experiment programm and for the planned FAIR facility the heavy ion synchroton SIS18 at GSI has to reach the space charge limit for highly and intermediate charged heavy ions. For the booster mode of SIS18 the number of 1x10¹² ions per second in 4 Hz operation mode is specified. To achive this requirement a dynamic vacuum in the 10-12 mbar region has to be garanteed. The poster will present the status of recent R & D work concerning the SIS18 vacuum upgrade, with a focus on the new GSI NEG coating facility and on ion-induced desorption measurements using advanced ion beam analysis.

TUPCH175	The Vacuum System of FAIR Accelerator Facility	cryogenics, ion, cathode, quadrupole	1429
	A. Kraemer, M.C. Bellachioma, H. Kollmus, H.R. Sprenger, St. Wilfert GSI, Darmstadt
	The FAIR accelerator complex consists of two superconducting synchrotrons (SIS100 and SIS300) with a circumference of 1083.6m each, a high energy beam transport system (HEBT) with a total length of about 2.5km and four storage rings (CR, RESR, HESR and NESR). Their length varies between 200m and 550m. For each of the subsystems, different vacuum requirements have to be fulfilled. The vacuum system of SIS100 and SIS300 consists of cryogenic and bakeable room temperature sections, where a pressure in the lower 10-12 mbar range is needed. For HEBT, also a combination of cryogenic and room temperature sections, a vacuum pressure of 10-9 mbar is sufficient. The storage rings will be operated in a pressure range from 10-9 mbar to 10-12 mbar. In the poster a detailed layout of the vacuum systems and technical solutions will be presented.

TUPCH177	Measurement of the Sorption Characteristics of NEG Coated Pipes: The Transmission Factor Method	CERN, ERL, LHC, background	1432
	A. Bonucci, A. Conte, P. Manini, S. Raimondi SAES Getters S.p.A., Lainate
	ZrTiV Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coatings of vacuum chambers have found application in the particle accelerators to lower the gas pressure, during the operative conditions. For that, the characterization of the actual pumping speed of the NEG coating is a key issue. It is carried out by means of the dynamic sorption method according to ASTM F798-82 standard, conducted "offline" on a sample (coupon), suitably positioned inside the chamber to be coated and recovered after the process. To evaluate in-situ the sorption characteristics of getter coated chambers, a different measurement technique (Trasmission Factor Method) is here described. It is based on the measurement of pressures ratio at the inlet and the outlet of a coated pipe, under a flow of test gas. A calibration curve permits to evaluate sticking probability of the coated surface from the pressure ratio. The use of reference samples to calibrate the method is quite difficult. A better approach is a modellistic one, finding the dependency of pressure ratio on the average sticking probability, the pipe length and the section geometry and dimensions. Preliminary experimental results will be shown.

TUPCH178	Deposition of Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) Films on Vacuum Chambers for High Energy Machines and Synchrotron Radiation Sources	cathode, synchrotron, electron, controls	1435
	P. Manini, A. Bonucci, A. Conte, S. Raimondi SAES Getters S.p.A., Lainate
	Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) films, sputter deposited onto the internal surfaces of vacuum chambers reduce thermal out-gassing and provide conductance-free distributed pumping ability, allowing the achievement of very low pressure inside narrow and conductance limited chambers, like Insertion Devices. NEG films do show additional interesting features, like low secondary electron yield and low gas de-sorption rates under ions, electrons and photons bombardment. They seem therefore ideal to reduce electron multi-pacting and dynamic gas de-sorption induced beam instabilities in high energy machines. This paper presents SAES getters experience in the NEG coating of chambers of different geometries and sizes for a variety of projects related to high energy machines and synchrotron radiation facilities. Examples of applications, as well as most common issues related to chambers preparation, film deposition, characterization and quality control, are given. Areas where further work is still necessary to fully take advantage of NEG film properties will be also discussed.

TUPCH179	R&D on Copper Beam Ducts with Antechambers and Related Vacuum Components	KEKB, electron, wiggler, photon	1438
	Y. Suetsugu, H. Hisamatsu, K.-I. Kanazawa, K. Shibata, M. Shimamoto, M. Shirai KEK, Ibaraki
	A beam duct with antechambers is able to reduce the effect of photoelectrons and, as a result, to suppress the electron cloud effect of positron or proton beam. It will be adopted for a future high current positron/proton rings and also a damping ring of a linear collider. Copper beam ducts with one or two antechambers were manufactured for test and the feasibility was studied. The test chambers were then installed into the KEK B-factory positron ring and the performance was investigated with a beam current up to 2000 mA. The temperature, the pressure and the electron density in the beam channel were measured during the beam operation. The photoelectron, for example, was found to be well suppressed as expected compared to that of a simple circular beam duct. The related vacuum components, such as a connection flange, a bellows chamber and a gate valve with the same cross section to the beam duct, were also developed and tested together with the beam duct.

TUPCH182	Radiation Monitors as a Vacuum Diagnostic in the Room Temperature Parts of the LHC Straight Sections	radiation, LHC, background, hadron	1441
	V. Talanov IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region V. Baglin, T. Wijnands CERN, Geneva
	In the absence of collisions, inelastic interactions between protons and residual gas molecules are the main source of radiation in the room temperature parts of the LHC long straight sections. In this case the variations in the radiation levels will reflect the dynamics of the residual pressure distribution. Based on the background simulations for the long straight section of the LHC IP5 and on the current understanding of the residual pressure dynamics, we evaluate the possibility to use the radiation monitors for the purpose of the vacuum diagnostic, and we present the first estimates of the predicted monitor counts for different scenarios of the machine operation.

TUPCH183	H2 Equilibrium Pressure in a NEG-coated Vacuum Chamber as a Function of Temperature and H2 Concentration	LHC, injection, instrumentation, collider	1444
	A. Rossi CERN, Geneva
	Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating is used in the LHC room- temperature sections to ensure a low residual gas pressure for its properties of distributed pumping, low outgassing and desorption under particle bombardment; and to limit or cure electron cloud build-up due to its low secondary electron emission. In certain regions of the LHC, and in particular close to the beam collimators, the temperature of the vacuum chamber is expected to rise due to energy deposition from particle losses. Gas molecules are pumped by the NEG via dissociation on the surface, sorption at the superficial sites and diffusion into the NEG bulk. In the case of hydrogen, the sorption is thermally reversible, causing the residual pressure to increase with NEG temperature and amount of H2 pumped. Measurements were carried out on a stainless steel chamber coated with TiZrV NEG as a function of the H2 concentration and the chamber temperature, to estimate the residual gas pressure in the collimator regions for various LHC operation scenarios, corresponding to different particle loss rates and times between NEG regenerations. The results are presented in this paper and discussed.

TUPLS002	Dust Macroparticles in HERA and DORIS	electron, radiation, storage-ring, simulation	1486
	A. Kling DESY, Hamburg
	Charged dust macroparticles are considered as sources of sudden beam lifetime breakdowns detected in many electron storage rings. This phenomenon is still observed in HERA, although the distributed ion pumps, which were previously identified as dust particle sources, have been removed. We report on the observations of trapped dust during the last period of electron operation and present a detailed model of dust macroparticle dynamics in the HERA e-ring and in DORIS with particular emphasis on stability and possible trapping processes.

TUPLS011	The Beam Screen for the LHC Injection Kicker Magnets	impedance, LHC, kicker, injection	1508
	M.J. Barnes, F. Caspers, L. Ducimetière, N. Garrel, T. Kroyer CERN, Geneva
	The two LHC injection kicker magnet systems must each produce a kick of 1.2 T.m with a flattop duration variable up to 7.86 μs, and rise and fall times of less than 0.9 μs and 3 μs, respectively. Each system is composed of four 5 Ω transmission line kicker magnets with matched terminating resistors and pulse forming networks (PFN). The LHC beam has a high intensity, hence a beam screen is required in the aperture of the magnets This screen consists of a ceramic tube with conducting "stripes" on the inner wall. The stripes provide a path for the image current of the beam and screen the magnet ferrites against Wake fields. The stripes initially used gave adequately low beam impedance however stripe discharges occured during pulsing of the magnet: hence further development of the beam screen was undertaken. This paper presents options considered to meet the often conflicting needs for low beam impedance, shielding of the ferrite, fast field rise time and good electrical and vacuum behaviour.

TUPLS031	Commissioning of the ISAC-II Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac at TRIUMF	linac, acceleration, ion, heavy-ion	1556
	R.E. Laxdal, W. Andersson, K. Fong, M. Marchetto, A.K. Mitra, W.R. Rawnsley, I. Sekachev, G. Stanford, V.A. Verzilov, V. Zviagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver
	A new heavy ion superconducting linac at TRIUMF is being installed to boost the final energy of radioactive beams from ISAC from 1.5MeV/u to above the Coulomb barrier. A first stage of 20MV consisting of five medium beta cryomodules each with four quarter wave bulk niobium cavities and a superconducting solenoid is being commissioned in early 2006. The cavities (Beta0=0.057, 0.071) operate cw at 106MHz with design peak fields of Ep=30MV/m, Bp=60mT while delivering an accelerating voltage of 1.08MV at ~4W power consumption. The report will summarize the commissioning results and early operating experience.

TUPLS040	Tuning of a 4-rod CW-mode RFQ Accelerator	rfq, acceleration, resonance, pick-up	1583
	P. Fischer, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
	A four-rod RFQ accelerator has been built which operates in CW mode with a power consumption of 250 kW. The assembly of a high power RFQ structure requires a precise mechanical alignment and field tuning of the electrode field. The field distribution must be very flat to enable a proper operation with few losses. Adjusting of the field distribution is critical in long structures. Simulations and the status of the tuned structure will be discussed.

TUPLS065	Beam Commissioning of Ion Cooler Ring, S-LSR	ion, electron, proton, laser	1642
	T. Shirai, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto H. Fadil MPI-K, Heidelberg T. Fujimoto, H. Fujiwara, S.I. Iwata, S. Shibuya AEC, Chiba I.N. Meshkov, I.A. Seleznev, A.V. Smirnov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	S-LSR is a new ion cooler ring constructed in Kyoto University. The circumference is 22.557 m and the maximum magnetic rigidity is 1 Tm. The constructiion and the vacuum baking had been finished in September, 2005. The beam commissioning was started since October, 2005. The injected beam is 7 MeV proton from the existing linac. The beam circulation test and the electron beam cooling were carried out successfully and the beam information and the characteristics of the ring were measured. One of the subjects of S-LSR is a realization of the crystalline beams using the electron and laser cooling. The lattice of S-LSR was designed to suppress the beam heating as much as possible and we also present such measurement results in this paper.

TUPLS068	LEIR Electron Cooler Status	electron, ion, gun, injection	1651
	G. Tranquille, V. Prieto, R. Sautier CERN, Geneva A.V. Bubley, V.V. Parkhomchuk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The electron cooler for LEIR is the first of a new generation of coolers being commissioned for fast phase space cooling of ion beams in storage rings. It is a state-of-the-art cooler incorporating all the recent developments in electron cooling technology (adiabatic expansion, electrostatic bend, variable density electron beam…) and is designed to deliver up to 600 mA of electron current for the cooling and stacking of Pb⁵⁴⁺ ions in the frame of the ions for LHC project. In this paper we present our experience with the commissioning of the new device as well as the first results of ion beam cooling with a high-intensity variable-density electron beam.

TUPLS084	Estimation of Decay Losses and Dynamic Vacuum for the Beta-beam Accelerator Chain	ion, acceleration, SPS, proton	1696
	M. Benedikt, A. Fabich CERN, Geneva M. Kirk, C. Omet, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt
	The beta-beam is based on the acceleration and storage of radioactive ions. Due to the large number of ions required and their relatively short lifetime, beam losses are a major concern. This paper estimates the decay losses for the part of the accelerator chain comprising the CERN PS and SPS machines. For illustration purposes, the power deposition in these accelerators is compared to that expected for nominal CNGS proton operation. The beam losses induced vacuum dynamics is simulated and the consequences for machine operation are discussed.

TUPLS100	Generation of Highly Charged Ions Using ND-glass Laser	ion, laser, target, plasma	1735
	A. Kondrashev ITEP, Moscow T. Kanesue Kyushu University, Fukuoka M. Okamura RIKEN, Saitama K. Sakakibara RLNR, Tokyo
	The parameters of ions (charge state distributions, currents and pulse durations) were measured in laser plasma generated by 3 J/30 ns Nd-glass laser for wide range of elements from 12C to 181Ta and for different laser power densities at the target surface. It is shown that such a laser can effectively generate highly charged ions for elements from 12C to 56Fe. Registered ion charge states significantly drops for heavier elements because of recombination losses of highly charged ions during laser produced plasma expansion into vacuum. Absolute currents and numbers of ions with different charge states were obtained by normalization of charge state distributions summary on total ion currents measured by Faraday cup for 10¹¹ W/cm2 and 10¹² W/cm2 laser power densities at the target surface. The results obtained are very useful for Laser Ion Source (LIS) development, in particular, for Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) study. M. Okamura et al. Laser and Particle Beams, 20, 2002, pp. 451 - 454.

TUPLS103	Further Development of a Low Inductance Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc (LIZ-MeVVA) Ion Source	plasma, ion, extraction, electron	1738
	B.M. Johnson APS, Ridge E. Garate, R. McWilliams, J.P. Sprunck, A. van Drie University of California IIrvine, Irvine, California A. Hershcovitch BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	A Low Impedance Z-Discharge Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc (LIZ-MeV) ion source* is being explored as an alternate pre-injector for the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). With the vacuum arc operating at tens of kiloamperes and an aluminum electrode, LIZ-MeV has been run in two regimes: an LC dominated "ringing" arc of period 4.1 microseconds, which decays after about 6 cycles, and a 1-3 microsecond wide "pulsed" arc, where a small series resistance has been added to critically damp ringing. Metal ions are extracted from the plasma using a two-grid system with a triggered, variable-delay voltage of up to 10 kV. Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurements are taken using a Faraday cup located at the end of a 15-76 cm drift tube. TOF measurements from both arc regimes have been obtained suggesting generation of about a billion ions per pulse of charge states +1 and +2, and occasionally +3 states. TOF results are compared with simple theoretical models. *B. M. Johnson, et al. Two approaches to electron beam enhancement of the metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. Laser and Particle Beams 21, 103 (2003).

TUPLS107	Operation of the Opposite-Field Septum Magnet for the J-PARC Main-Ring Injection	septum, injection, power-supply, dipole	1750
	I. Sakai, Y. Arakaki, K. Fan, Y. Saito, M. Tomizawa, M. Uota KEK, Ibaraki A.K. Kawasaki, H. Mori, A. Tokuchi NICHICON, Shiga Y. Morigaki, A. Nishikawa IHI/Yokohama, Kanagawa
	The opposite field septum magnet system has been applied to the injection system of the J-PARC 50-GeV proton synchrotron. The features of the system are a force-free structure, easy pulse excitation and the possibility of a large-aperture, thin-septum structure. The septum magnet has the structure of an inside-vacuum to eliminate the thickness of the vacuum-chamber walls and electric-insulation layer to make the septum thickness as thin as possible. However the magnet cores and return coils are outside of the vacuum to reduce the out-gassing rate of the vacuum system. Finally, the larger beam aperture than the full acceptance of the ring and larger separation angle can be obtained at the septum magnet for low-loss injection. In this paper we will introduce the methods to eliminate the error fields caused by fabrication errors and eddy current with pulse excitation and stability of high current power supply of 50 kA.

TUPLS108	Realization of Thick Hybrid Type Carbon Stripper Foils with High Durability at 1800K for RCS of J-PARC	DIAMOND, injection, ion, linac	1753
	I. Sugai, K. Hara, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki RLNR, Tokyo Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	The J-PARC requires thick carbon stripper foils (250-500 ug/cm²) to strip electrons from the H-beam supplied by the linac before injection into a 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The 200 MeV H^- beam from the linac has a pulse length of 0.5 ms with a repetition rate of 25 Hz and an average beam current of 335 uA. By much energy deposition of these high-intensity H^- and circulating bunched beams, commercially available best stripper foils (CM) will break in a very short time and even a diamond foil will rupture at around 1800K by MW class accelerators. We have realized for first time the hybrid boron doped carbon stripper foils with long life time for J-PARC. The foils of 250-500 ug/cm² were made by a controlled DC arc-discharge method. The lifetime was tested by using 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ DC beam of 2.5 uA and 750 keV H^- DC beam of 500 uA, in which a significant amount of energy was deposited in the foils. The maximum lifetime was extremely long, 120- and 480-times than those of diamond and CM foils. The foils were also free from any shrinkage, and showed low thickness reduction rate even at high temperature of 1800K during long time irradiation of 90h.

TUPLS110	Measurement of the Extraction Kicker System in J-PARC RCS	kicker, extraction, LEFT, proton	1759
	J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Kuramochi, T. Takayanagi, O. Takeda, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	Kicker magnet system in the J-PARC RCS is now under construction at JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). Their role in RCS is to kick the accelerated 3 GeV proton beam to the following extraction line at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. There are three kinds of kicker magnets (S, M, L), distinguished by the difference in the size of their apertures. The specification of 2 % is required on the magnetic field in terms of homogeneity in time and space from the beam optical point of view. The required flatness of the temporal uniformity was accomplished by superposing the waveforms of the two kicker magnet. The required specification to the special uniformity is also very severe to achieve because our kicker magnet is designed with a large aperture in order to accept a maximum beam power of 1 MW. We established the search coil as a detector and 3-axes stage to perform magnetic field mapping. In order to reduce the signal noises and detect the stable output signals, matching register and integrated circuit were carefully selected. The 3-axes stage was precisely aligned. The distribution of the magnetic field (By) and integrated BL were systematically measured for the three types of kickers. J. Kamiya et al. “Magnetic field measurement of the extraction kicker magnet in J-PARC RCS,” submitted for publication to the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology.

TUPLS112	Present Status of Injection and Extraction System of 3 GeV RCS at J-PARC	injection, extraction, proton, emittance	1765
	M. Yoshimoto, Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, F. Noda, P.K. Saha, T. Takayanagi, O. Takeda, M. Watanabe JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	The injection and extraction system for 3GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) at J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) have many challenging issues, in order to realize MW beam in the RCS ring. The system is consisted in 3 parts, such as the injection line, the dump line, and the extraction line. And they are constructed from many kinds of components, such as DC and pulse magnets, a charge exchange system, beam monitors, titanium and ceramic vacuum chamber, a beam dump, and so on. Up to now, final designs are accomplished and developments and experiments of some components are carried out. In this presentation, summary of the injection and extraction system, recent status of developments, and beam commissioning scheme for beam injection and extraction are introduced.

TUPLS113	Designs of Septum Magnet at 3 GeV RCS in J-PARC	septum, injection, shielding, extraction	1768
	M. Yoshimoto, Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, T. Takayanagi, O. Takeda, M. Watanabe JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken H. Fujimori, S. Igarashi, H. Nakayama KEK, Ibaraki
	3 GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) at J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) consists in many kinds of septum magnets. There are two septum magnets to inject the beam into the ring, three septum magnets to extract the beam for the users, and two septum magnets to dump the beam which can not be exchanged its charge at the first foil. In order to reduce the magnetic leakage field from the septum magnets at the beam orbit in the ring, the silicon steel sheets are set at the outside of the septum magnets for the magnetic shields. However sufficient spaces to set the thick magnetic shields are not securable at the divergent duct areas. Therefore the vacuum chambers are made by the magnetic stainless steel and the leakage fields in the chambers can be reduced. As results of the 3D field calculations by TOSCA, the magnetic leakage field can be suppressed to a few Gauss or less.

TUPLS123	Design of the LHC Beam Dump Entrance Window	LHC, kicker, CERN, proton	1792
	R. Veness, B. Goddard, S.J. Mathot, A. Presland CERN, Geneva L. Massidda CRS4, PULA
	7 TeV proton beams from the LHC are ejected through a 600 m long beam dump transfer line vacuum chamber to a beam dump block. The dump block is contained within an inert gas-filled vessel to prevent a possible fire risk. The dump vessel and transfer line are separated by a 600 mm diameter window, which must withstand both the static pressure load and thermal shock from the passage of the LHC beam. In a previous paper* the functional requirements and conceptual design of this window were outlined. This paper describes the analysis leading to the final design of the window. The choice of materials is explained and tests performed on the prototype window are summarized. *A. Presland et al. "A large diameter entrance window for the LHC beam dump line". Proc. PAC 2005, 1698-1700.

TUPLS136	Air Temperature Analysis and Improvement for the Technical Zone at TLS	controls, simulation, storage-ring, power-supply	1825
	J.-C. Chang, J.-R. Chen, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu M. Ke NTUT, Taipei
	This paper presents the air temperature analysis and control improvement for the technical zone, where many critical instrumentations of power supply, rf, vacuum and control apparatuses are located, at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS). The technical zone with circular shape is located on the core area of the storage ring. The diameter and height of the technical zone are 28.5m and 3m, respectively. Totally 13 temperature sensors are installed in this zone to online record the air temperature history. Because of insufficient cooling capacity and poor air circulation of the air-conditioning (A/C) system, the air temperature may reach to 30 degrees C, and spatial air temperature difference may be more than 7 degrees C. To cope with those problems, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is applied to simulate the spatial temperature distribution. The A/C cooling capacity will be increased, and the air exit and exhaust distribution will be modified according to the simulated results.

TUPLS140	An Overview of the SNS Accelerator Mechanical Engineering	SNS, target, BNL, RTBT	1831
	G.R. Murdoch, J.J. Error, M.P. Hechler, S. Henderson, M. Holding, T. Hunter, P. Ladd, T.L. Mann, R. Savino, J.P. Schubert ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee H.-C. Hseuh, H. Ludewig, G.J. Mahler, C. Pai, C. Pearson, J. Rank, J.E. Tuozzolo, J. Wei BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source currently nearing completion at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. When completed in 2006, the SNS will provide a 1GeV, 1.44MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. SNS is a collaborative effort between six U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and offered a unique opportunity for the mechanical engineers to work with their peers from across the country. This paper presents an overview of the overall success of the collaboration concentrating on the accelerator ring mechanical engineering along with some discussion regarding the relative merits of such a collaborative approach. Also presented are a status of the mechanical engineering installation and a review of the associated installation costs.

WEOFI03	Beam Dynamics Simulation in e^- Rings in SRFF Regime	CSR, simulation, lattice, synchrotron	1908
	L. Falbo INFN-Pisa, Pisa D. Alesini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) M. Migliorati Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
	The concept of strong RF focusing has been recently proposed to obtain locally short bunches in electron/positron colliders, by modulating the longitudinal bunch dimensions along the rings. To study the single bunch dynamics, a macroparticle numerical code has been written which simulates the effects of the objects generating broad band impedance along the ring and the effects of the coherent synchrotron radiation in dipoles and wigglers. The obtained results are shown and discussed.
	Transparencies

WEIFI02	Can the Accelerator Control System be Bought from Industry?	controls, LEFT, target, instrumentation	1916
	M. Plesko Cosylab, Ljubljana
	This presentation is intended for project leaders and specialists, whose components depend on the control system, which is nearly everybody apart from control experts. The presentation will explain the basic concepts of an accelerator control system, illustrate the similarities and differences among the most popular packages, which are nicely disguised in acronyms such as EPICS, TANGO, TINE, DOOCS, COACK, XAL, CDEV, etc. and compare them to commercial control systems (DCS and SCADA) and LabView. The second part of the presentation will analyse whether a control system is in principle a component as any other and whether therefore in principle it should be bought eventually from a competent supplier like all the other components. It will identify the reasons why many people are reluctant to outsource control systems and illustrate this with some personal experiences and suggestions how to overcome these problems. The talk will conclude by showing how naively we have started a spin-off company* to commercialize the accelerator control system that we have developed, how we have found sustainable sources of business, and how we see the future in this and related markets. * Cosylab - Control System Laboratory, www.cosylab.com
	Transparencies

WEPCH005	Advances in Beam Orbit Stability at the LNLS Electron Storage Ring	storage-ring, synchrotron, radiation, shielding	1924
	L. Liu, R.H.A. Farias, M.J. Ferreira, S.R. Marques, F. Rodrigues, P.F. Tavares, R.P.C.C. Tenca LNLS, Campinas
	We describe recent efforts made at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS) to improve beam orbit stability. The main driving force is the high positional stability required by some specific experiments and particularly by a high resolution undulator beamline which is being built at LNLS. Recent steps taken to improve orbit stability include the development of x-ray BPMs to measure the vertical position of the x-ray beam, analysis of RF BPM movement due to thermal load induced by synchrotron radiation after injection, new algorithms to deal with BPM electronics or control board false readings and revision and modification of their installations. In addition a weighted least squares method was developed to account for global correction while simultaneously privileging some local source point position. These upgrades are part of an ongoing work to improve beam orbit stability at LNLS.

WEPCH040	Further Development of Irradiation Field Forming Systems of Industrial Electron Accelerators	electron, target, radiation, extraction	2005
	N.G. Tolstun, A.S. Ivanov, V.P. Ovchinnikov, M.P. Svinin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
	Electron beam irradiation field forming systems where accelerated electron beam is scanned in a constant field of the elongated bending magnets were developed in our institute more than 15 years ago and they have a number of advantages in comparison with traditional ones. Since than they have been applied in two accelerators with energies 300 and 400 keV; version of the similar system with two electromagnets for two-side irradiation of flexible materials – in a number of 750 keV high voltage accelerators ("Electron-10") successfully operating now in several industrial lines. Systems of forming of electron beam irradiation field based on the same principle have been used in several projects, some of them are already put into operation. Electron optic characteristics of such systems and their various modifications as well as aspects of their possible usage are discussed in the paper.

WEPCH063	Measurements and Modeling of Eddy Current Effects in BNL's AGS Booster	booster, dipole, quadrupole, AGS	2068
	K.A. Brown, L. Ahrens, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, W. Meng, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Recent beam experiments at BNL's AGS Booster have enabled us to study in more detail the effects of eddy currents on the lattice structure and our control over the basic lattice parameters of betatron tune and chromaticity. The Booster is capable of operating at ramp rates as high as 8 T/sec. At these ramp rates eddy currents in the vacuum chambers have significant effects on the fields and gradients seen by the beam as it is accelerated. The Booster was designed with these effects in mind and to help control the field uniformity and linearity in the Booster Dipoles special vacuum chambers were designed with current windings to negate the effect of the induced eddy currents. In this report results from measurements of these effects will be presented. Results from modeling and comparisons to the measurements will also be presented.

WEPCH073	Asymptotic Analysis of Ultra-relativistic Charge	electromagnetic-fields, radiation, electron, controls	2086
	D.A. Burton, J. Gratus, R. Tucker Lancaster University, Lancaster
	A new approach is developed for analysing the dynamic behaviour of distributions of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. Noting the limitations inherent in the Lorentz-Dirac equation for a single point particle, a simple model is proposed for a charged continuum interacting self-consistently with the Maxwell field in vacuo. The model is developed using intrinsic tensor field theory and exploits to the full the symmetry and light-cone structure of Minkowski spacetime. This permits the construction of a regular stress-energy tensor whose vanishing divergence determines a system of non-linear partial differential equations for the velocity and self-fields of accelerated charge. Within this covariant framework a particular perturbation scheme is motivated by an exact class of solutions to this system describing the evolution of a charged fluid under the combined effects of both self and external electromagnetic fields. The scheme yields an asymptotic approximation in terms of inhomogeneous linear equations for the self-consistent Maxwell field, charge current and time-like velocity field of the charged fluid and is defined as an ultra-relativistic configuration.

WEPCH109	Comprehensive Benchmark of Electromagnetic 3D Codes in Time and Frequency Domain	impedance, simulation, damping, ESRF	2167
	V. Serriere, N. Guillotin, J. Jacob ESRF, Grenoble F. Marhauser, E. Weihreter BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	A comprehensive benchmark of todays most powerful numerical 3D Eigenmode and Time Domain Solvers has been performed using the input geometry of a HOM-damped cavity and a highly lossy waveguide load developed at BESSY. The paper details the simulations results together with existing experimental data.

WEPCH110	Calculation of Wake Potentials in General 3D Structures	impedance, extraction, radiation, controls	2170
	H. Henke TET, Berlin W. Bruns CERN, Geneva
	The wake potential is defined as an integration along an axis of a structure. It includes the infinitely long beam pipe regions and in case of numerical evaluation leads to pipe wake artefacts. If the structure is cavity like one can position the integration path on the pipe wall and only the integration over the cavity gap remains. In case of axis-symmetric protruding structures it was proposed by O. Napoly et al. to deform the path such that the integration in the pipe regions is again on the wall. The present paper generalizes this method of path deformation to 3D structures with incoming and outgoing beam pipes. Its usefulness is verified with the code GdfidL and no artifacts were observed.

WEPCH122	2D Wake Field Calculations of Tapered Structures with Different FDTD Discretization Schemes	simulation, LEFT, impedance	2206
	C. Schmidt Rostock University, Institute for General Electrical Engn., Rostock H.-W. Glock, U. van Rienen Rostock University, Faculty of Engineering, Rostock
	The continual performance improvement of particle accelerators requires advanced prediction of parasitic wake field effects, even in structures of comparatively weak influence like tapers. In the case of smooth tapered components, even well established codes like MAFIA* demonstrate strong discretization dependency of the results or solver instabilities, making them not reliable in such applications. Grid dispersion is assumed to generate this failure. In Ref.** an alternative discretization scheme is described, using a homogeneous rotated mesh intended to eliminate such grid dispersion effects. In order to study the dependence on the discretization applied, we use this scheme to calculate wake fields in prototype taper structures of rotational symmetry. Furthermore a comparison is provided with the results of a non-rotated mesh, MAFIA runs and - so far applicable - analytical approaches. MAFIA V4.107: CST GmbH, Bad Nauheimer Str. 19, D-64289 Darmstadt*R. Hampel et al. New discretization scheme for wake field computation in cylindrically symmetric structure. Proc. EPAC'04, pp 2559

WEPCH184	Mechanical Properties of WC-Co by Nitrogen Ion Implantation: Improvement of Industrial Tools	ion, ion-source, cathode, heavy-ion	2364
	Y. Noh, B.Y. Kim, K. R. Kim, J.S. Lee KAERI, Daejon
	Ion implantation of WC-Co has been widely investigated for the improvement of wear resistance, but rarely for friction behavior. Although friction is closely associated with wear, more factors influence friction than wear, and low wear does not generally lead to low friction w6x. Therefore, we focus our study on the effects of ion implantation on the mechanical properties in WC-Co cermets, with particular interest in tool industry applications.

WEPCH192	Compact Electron Linear Accelerator RELUS-5 for Radiation Technology Application	electron, power-supply, controls, feedback	2385
	D.A. Zavadtsev, A.I. Fadin, A.A. Krasnov, N.P. Sobenin MEPhI, Moscow A.A. Zavadtsev Introscan, Moscow
	The electron linear accelerator for radiation technology application is designed to meet the following main requirements: 3-5 MeV energy, 3-6 microsecond pulse width, and 1 kW average beam power. The accelerating system is a 0.5 m long S-band standing wave on-axis coupled biperiodic structure. A 35-40 kV electron gun with spherical cathode is used as the injector. The RF generator is a 2.5 MW peak power 4 kW average power magnetron. The generated frequency is stabilized by a high Q-factor accelerating system connected into feed-back of the magnetron. The magnetron is fed by a compact 45-55 kV IGBT based modulator. The accelerator is controlled through a PLC-based control system.

WEPCH195	Status of the Russian Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Project	ion, ion-source, target, tandem-accelerator	2391
	M. Petrichenkov, N. Alinovsky, A.D. Goncharov, V. Klyuev, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S. Rastigeev, V.B. Reva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The status of the first Russian accelerator mass spectrometer being developed at BINP is described. The scheme of the spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapors stripper and also includes the high-energy and low-energy beam lines with analyzers. The results of the experiments with the ion beams will be given.

WEPLS005	The Target Drive for the MICE Experiment	target, insertion, acceleration, controls	2403
	C.N. Booth, L.C. Howlett, P.J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield N. Schofield University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester
	The MICE experiment requires a beam of low energy muons to test muon cooling. This beam will be derived parasitically from the ISIS accelerator. A novel target mechanism is being developed which will allow the insertion of a small titanium target into the proton beam halo on demand. The target must remain outside the beam envelope during acceleration, and then overtake the shrinking beam envelope to enter up to 5 mm into the beam during the last 2 ms before extraction. The technical specifications are demanding, requiring large accelerations and precise and reproducible location of the target each cycle. The mechanism must operate in a high radiation environment, and the moving parts must be compatible with the stringent requirements of the accelerator's vacuum system. A prototype linear electromagnetic drive has been built, and the performance is being measured and improved to meet the design specifications. Details of the drive, position readout and control systems will be presented, together with the performance achieved to date.

WEPLS020	The RF Deflector for the CTF3 Delay Loop	klystron, CTF3, linac, coupling	2436
	F. Marcellini, D. Alesini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	In the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) a 42 m long ring, called delay loop, is used to halve the distance between bunches in the drive beam. The compression is obtained by merging two adjacent bunch trains from the linac deflected in opposite directions by an RF device, in such a way that the first train is forced to perform a full revolution in the delay loop, while the second one passes through. The length of the ring is an odd multiple of half the distance between bunches in the beam from the linac. The RF deflector consists of two identical cavities connected to the RF power source through a hybrid junction that equally splits the power and isolates the klystron from reflections. Its innovative design, the results of electromagnetic simulations and expected performances are described, together with low level RF measurements for test and characterization of the device before installation. Preliminary recombination results with the CTF3 beam are also shown. The RF deflector has also been used to measure the length of the accelerated bunches.

WEPLS021	The PLASMONX Project for Advanced Beam Physics Experiments	laser, electron, photon, emittance	2439
	L. Serafini, A. Bacci, R. Bonifacio, M. Cola, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, N. Piovella, R. Pozzoli, M. Rome, A.R. Rossi, L. Volpe INFN-Milano, Milano D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, S. Bertolucci, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, G. Gatti, A. Ghigo, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, M.A. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) F. Alessandria, F. Broggi, C. De Martinis, D. Giove, M. Mauri INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) W. Baldeschi, A. Barbini, M. Galimberti, A. Giulietti, A. Gizzi, P. Koester, L. Labate, S. Laville, A. Rossi, P. Tomassini CNR/IPP, Pisa U. Bottigli, B. Golosio, P.N. Oliva, A. Poggiu, S. Stumbo INFN-Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari) C.A. Cecchetti, D. Giulietti UNIPI, Pisa D. Levi, M. Mattioli, G. Medici, D. Pelliccia, M. Petrarca Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma P. Musumeci INFN-Roma, Roma
	The Project PLASMONX is well progressing into its design phase and has entered as well its second phase of procurements for main components. The project foresees the installation at LNF of a Ti:Sa laser system (peak power > 170 TW), synchronized to the high brightness electron beam produced by the SPARC photo-injector. The advancement of the procurement of such a laser system is reported, as well as the construction plans of a new building at LNF to host a dedicated laboratory for high intensity photon beam experiments (High Intensity Laser Laboratory). Several experiments are foreseen using this complex facility, mainly in the high gradient plasma acceleration field and in the field of mono-chromatic ultra-fast X-ray pulse generation via Thomson back-scattering. We present an innovative scheme of external injection of the SPARC beam into laser wake-field driven plasma waves. Detailed numerical simulations have been carried out to study the generation of short electron bunches, to be injected into plasma waves driven with adiabatically variable density in order to compress the bunch at injection and further accelerate it by preserving a small energy spread and good beam quality.

WEPLS039	Developments on a Diamond-based Cylindrical Dielectric Accelerating Structure	DIAMOND, impedance, electron, simulation	2460
	A. Kanareykin, C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio M.E. Conde, W. Gai, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois P. Schoessow Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
	Developments on a high gradient diamond-based cylindrical dielectric loaded accelerator (DLA) is presented. A diamond-loaded DLA can potentially sustain accelerating gradients far in excess of the limits experimentally observed for conventional metallic accelerating structures. The electrical and mechanical properties of diamond make it an ideal candidate material for use in dielectric accelerators: high RF breakdown level, extremely low dielectric losses and the highest available thermoconductive coefficient. We used the hot-filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process to produce high quality 5-10 cm long cylindrical diamond layers. Our collaboration has also been developing a new method of CVD diamond surface preparation that reduces the secondary electron emission coefficient below unity. Special attention was paid to the numerical optimization of the coupling section, where the surface magnetic and electric fields were minimized relative to the accelerating gradient and within known metal surface breakdown limits.

WEPLS042	Design and Experimental Investigation of an X-band Multilayer Dielectric Accelerating Structure	simulation, impedance, coupling, DESY	2466
	A. Kanareykin, C.-J. Jing, P. Schoessow Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio W. Gai, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	A new project to significantly improve the efficiency of high gradient DLA structures is presented. A multilayer DLA where the single dielectric layer is replaced by a multiple coaxial layers of differing permittivity have been developed. The power attenuation in the multilayer structure is reduced by the Bragg Fiber principle where the dielectric layers are used to create multiple reflections in order to confine the accelerating mode fields for the most part in the dielectric, reducing the axial current on the conducting outer boundary. A design for an X-band multilayer structure operating in the TM03 mode using alternating dielectric layers with permittivities of 38 and 9.7 is discussed. In order to transfer the RF from the rectangular waveguide to the cylindrical one at TM03 mode, a special coupling and mode conversion scheme was developed. A prototype structure has been constructed and bench test results of the multilayer 11.424 GHz accelerator is presented.

WEPLS043	Progress of the Rossendorf SRF Gun Project	gun, ELBE, cathode, TESLA	2469
	D. Janssen, A. Arnold, H. Buettig, R. Hempel, U. Lehnert, P. Michel, K. Moeller, P. Murcek, Ch. Schneider, R. Schurig, F. Staufenbiel, J. Teichert, R. Xiang FZR, Dresden T. Kamps, D. Lipka, F. Marhauser BESSY GmbH, Berlin W.-D. Lehmann IfE, Dresden J. Stephan IKST, Drsden V. Volkov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk I. Will MBI, Berlin
	In this paper we report the status and the progress of the superconducting RF gun project in Rossendorf. The gun is designed for cw operation mode with 1 mA current and 10 MeV electron energy. The cavity consists of three cells with TESLA geometry, a special designed half-cell in which the photo cathode will be inserted and a choke filter, which prevents the leakage of RF power by the coaxial line between the cathode and the cavity cell. A double tuner allows the tuning of the half-cell and the TESLA cells separately. In 2005 the fabrication of two cavities with RRR300 and RRR40 was finished. We present the results of the field measurement and the warm tuning of the cavity cells as well as the tuning and performance measurement of the choke filter. The fabrication of the double tuner has been also finished. In a test bench we measured the properties of the tuner (tuning range, resolution) at LN2 temperature. Further activities concern the diagnostic beam line of the gun, the new cathode preparation and cathode transfer system, the driver laser and the LHe transfer line.

WEPLS048	Development of a Positron Production Target for the ILC Positron Source	target, photon, positron, undulator	2484
	I.R. Bailey, I.R. Bailey, J.B. Dainton, D.J. Scott Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire V. Bharadwaj, J. Sheppard SLAC, Menlo Park, California P. Cooke, P. Sutcliffe Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool J.G. Gronberg, D.J. Mayhall, W.T. Piggott, W. Stein LLNL, Livermore, California
	The future International Linear Collider (ILC) will require of order 10¹⁴ positrons per second to fulfil its luminosity requirements. The current baseline design produces this unprecedented flux of positrons using an undulator-based source. In this concept, a collimated beam of 10MeV photons produced from the action of an undulator on the main electron beam of the ILC is incident on a conversion target. Positrons produced in the resulting electromagnetic shower can then be captured, accelerated and injected into a damping ring. The international community is pursuing several alternative technologies to develop a target capable of long-term operation in the intense photon beam. In the design being developed jointly by the Cockcroft Institute, LLNL and SLAC, a thin (0.4 radiation length) water-cooled Titanium alloy target wheel of diameter 4m is rotated at approximately 1000rpm to spread the incident power of each pulse over a wide area. We present the latest target design, report on the status of the target prototypes and computer models, and review the interplay between the target technology, capture optics, photon collimator and remote-handling systems.

WEPLS052	High QE Photocathode at FLASH	cathode, gun, laser, electron	2496
	D. Sertore, P. Michelato, L. Monaco, C. Pagani INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) J.H. Han, S. Schreiber DESY, Hamburg
	The RF gun-based photoinjector of the VUV-FEL/TTF at DESY continues to use high quantum efficiency (QE) photocathodes produced at LASA, Milano. To study the photocathode behavior during beam operation, an online QE monitoring tool has been installed. In this paper, we present the hardware and software setup for the online QE measurement and the results so far obtained. The measured QEs are usually higher than at TTF phase 1. We compare the QE values taken in the RF gun with data measured just after production with a continuous UV light source.

WEPLS053	RF Design of a Cartridge-type Photocathode RF Gun in S-band Linac	linac, cathode, gun, simulation	2499
	H. Moritani, Y. Muroya, A. Sakumi, T. Ueda, M. Uesaka UTNL, Ibaraki H. Hanaki, N. Kumagai, S. Suzuki, H. Tomizawa JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken J. Sasabe Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Shizuoka J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	A cartridge-type photocathode RF gun is under development in collaboration with SPring-8 and Hamamatsu Photonics. Each type of cathode (Cs2Te, Mg, diamond, Ag-Cs-O) is sealed in a cartridge-type vacuum tube. Several tubes can be installed in a vacuum chamber. The cathode in the tube is inserted into a center hole in the back plate of the RF gun by a vacuum manipulator. These cartridge-type photocathodes with high QE or sensitivity for visible lights, which are prepared in a factory, can be used for a long time without vacuum breaking. Since a load-lock system for forming a new high QE film is not needed, the cartridge-type RF gun becomes compact. We are going to introduce this cartridge-type system to our linac with the BNL-GUN-IV RF gun this summer. Now, we are calculating the gun parameters of the transmission cavity which has a back plate with a center hole 8mm in diameter with SUPERFISH and simulating the beam dynamics after modifying the beam line to install the system with PARMELA. We aim to use reliable Mg and high-QE Cs2Te and try diamond and Ag-Cs-O for radiation chemistry applications. The detailed numerical design and construction will be presented.

WEPLS059	The PHIN Photoinjector for the CTF3 Drive Beam	gun, laser, CTF3, CERN	2517
	R. Losito, H.-H. Braun, N. Champault, E. Chevallay, V. Fedosseev, A. Kumar, A.M. Masi, G. Suberlucq CERN, Geneva G. Bienvenu, B.M. Mercier, C.P. Prevost, R. Roux LAL, Orsay M. Divall, G.J. Hirst, G. Kurdi, W. E. Martin, I. O. Musgrave, I. N. Ross, E. L. Springate CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	A new photoinjector for the CTF3 drive beam has been designed and is now being constructed by a collaboration among LAL, CCLRC and CERN within PHIN, the second Joint Research Activity of CARE. The photoinjector will provide a train of 2332 pulses at 1.5 GHz with a complex timing structure (sub-trains of 212 pulses spaced from one another by 333 ps or 999 ps) to allow the frequency multiplication scheme, which is one of the features of CLIC, to be tested in CTF3. Each pulse of 2.33 nC will be emitted by a Cs2Te photocathode deposited by a co-evaporation process to allow high quantum efficiency in operation (>3% for a minimum of 40 h). The 3 GHz, 2 1/2 cell RF gun has a 2 port coupler to minimize emittance growth due to asymmetric fields, racetrack profile of the irises and two solenoids to keep the emittance at the output below 20 pi.mm.mrad. The laser has to survive very high average powers both within the pulse train (15 kW) and overall (200 W before pulse slicing). Challenging targets are also for amplitude stability (<0.25% rms) and time jitter from pulse to pulse (<1ps rms). An offline test in a dedicated line is foreseen at CERN in 2007.

WEPLS065	The Effect of Vaccum Vessel Permeability on the Field Quality within Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets at the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) at Daresbury Laboratory	dipole, quadrupole, ERLP, linac	2529
	N. Thompson CCLRC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) is currently under construction at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK and will serve as a test bed for the investigation of technologies and beam physics issues necessary for the development of Daresbury Laboratory's Fourth Generation Light Source (4GLS) proposal. To assist with the material specification of the vacuum vessels, analyses have been done on the effect of vessel permeability on the magnetic field quality within quadrupole and dipole magnets. It is found that for dipoles where the specified maximum relative dipole field variation over the good field region is ± 1x 10^-4 or for quadrupoles where the specified maximum relative gradient variation is ±1 1x10-3, the transverse size of the good field region decays unacceptably for relative permeability > 1.006. However, for the dipoles where the specified maximum relative dipole field variation is ± 1x10-3, the decay of the good field region is more gradual and would safely permit a material with relative permeability >1.006 to be used for the vacuum vessel within these dipoles.

WEPLS071	Design Method for a Large Aperture Opposite-field Septum Magnet	septum, injection, magnet-design, proton	2544
	K. Fan, Y. Arakaki, I. Sugai KEK, Ibaraki
	A novel design septum for Japan Proton Accelerator Research Center (J-PARC) delivers high intensity 3GeV proton beam to the 50GeV main ring is presented. The project requires the construction of the large aperture septum to accommodate the large size and high intensity injection beam. As there limitations due to the lattice size and restricted installation space, the septum must provide a large kick angle to the injection beam. Sufficient clearance between the circulating beam and the injection beam is also needed to reduce the beam loss to an acceptable level to avoid the serious radiation problem. To meet these challenging requirements, a large aperture, thin septum, opposite-field septum magnet has been developed. In this paper, we present the detail studies done for the optimization of the magnet, including DC and pulse magnet.

WEPLS082	The Septa for LEIR Extraction and PS Injection	septum, extraction, ion, injection	2568
	J. Borburgh, M. Hourican, T. Masson, A. Prost CERN, Geneva
	The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is part of the CERN LHC injector chain for ions. The LEIR extraction uses a pulsed magnetic septum, clamped around a metallic vacuum chamber. Apart from separating the ultra high vacuum in the LEIR ring from the less good vacuum in the transfer line to the PS this chamber also serves as magnetic screen and retains the septum conductor in place. The PS ion injection septum consists of a pulsed laminated magnet under vacuum, featuring a single-turn water cooled coil and a remote positioning system. The design, the construction and the commissioning of both septa are described.

WEPLS083	Consolidation of the 45-year-old CERN PS Main Magnet System	radiation, CERN, radioactivity, LHC	2571
	Th. Zickler, D. Bodart, W. Kalbreier, K.H. Mess, A. Newborough CERN, Geneva
	After a major coil insulation breakdown on two of the 45-year-old CERN PS main magnets in 2003, an extensive magnet consolidation program has been launched. This article reviews the analysis of the magnet state before the repair and the applied major improvements. An overview is given of the production of the new components, the actual refurbishment and the commissioning of the main magnet system after 18 months shut down.

WEPLS114	Progress on the MICE Tracker Solenoid	radiation, emittance, power-supply, superconductivity	2646
	M.A. Green, S.P. Virostek LBNL, Berkeley, California W. Lau, S.Q. Yang OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
	This report describes the 400 mm warm bore tracker solenoid for the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). The 2.923 m long tracker solenoid module includes the radiation shutter between the end absorber focus coil modules and the tracker as well as the 2.780 meter long magnet cryostat vacuum vessel. The 2.554 m long tracker solenoid consists of two sections, a three-coil spectrometer magnet and a two-coil matching section that matches the uniform field 4 T spectrometer solenoid into the MICE cooling channel. The two tracker magnets are used to provide a uniform magnetic field for the fiber detectors that are used to measure the muon beam emittance at the two ends of the cooling channel. This paper describes the design for the tracker magnet coils and the 4.2 K cryogenic coolers that are used to cool the superconducting magnet. Interfaces between the magnet and the detectors are discussed.

WEPLS115	Impedances in Slotted-Pipe Kicker Magnets	kicker, impedance, storage-ring, simulation	2649
	F. Marhauser, O. Dressler, V. Duerr, J. Feikes BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	Storage ring slotted-pipe kicker magnets based on the DELTA design are foreseen for the Metrology Light Source (MLS) of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt currently under construction near the BESSY site. Although the slotted pipe maintains the cross-section of the storage ring vacuum chamber, image currents have to bypass the slots generating wakefields. Actually modes with substantial impedances have been revealed by simulations and verified by measurements of a kicker model for the MLS.

THXPA01	Overview of the Status of the Diamond Project	DIAMOND, storage-ring, booster, injection	2718
	R.P. Walker Diamond, Oxfordshire
	The presentation will outline the status of the Diamond project including an overview of the major areas of technical challenge including reference to the physics issues and their impact on design and performance. The majority of the talk will present the status and challenges of first commissioning, outlining the current performance and the challenges in achieving operational status.
	Transparencies

THXPA02	Overview of the Status of the SOLEIL Project	SOLEIL, storage-ring, booster, undulator	2723
	J.-M. Filhol, J.C. Besson, P. Brunelle, M.-E. Couprie, J.-C. Denard, J.M. Godefroy, C. Herbeaux, V. Le Roux, P. Lebasque, A. Lestrade, M.-P. Level, A. Loulergue, P. Marchand, J.L. Marlats, A. Nadji, L.S. Nadolski, R. Nagaoka, B. Pottin, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	SOLEIL is a third generation synchrotron radiation source, under construction in France near Paris. The storage ring consists of a 357 m circumference ring, with 16 cells and 24 straight sections, out of which up to 21 will house insertion devices (ID). The optics features a low 3.7 nm.rad emittance at the 2.75 GeV operating energy, so as to provide high brilliance, from the VUV up to the hard x-ray domain. To reach a long lifetime, and beam position stabilities in the micron range, significant attention was paid at each design stage (optics, magnets, beam position monitors, vacuum and RF systems…), including on the design of the building, the construction of which is now complete. This resulted in some unprecedented approaches such as the intensive use of NEG coating vessels, or the development of a dedicated SC RF cavity and of 200 kW solid state RF amplifiers. The injector system (100 MeV Linac) and the 3 Hz full energy booster synchrotron have reached nominal operating conditions by fall 2005, while the ring commissioning should start by April 2006. Innovative ID's were designed and built so as to provide the best possible performances in a wide energy range (5 eV to 50 keV).
	Transparencies

THOAFI02	Ion Instability Observed in PLS Revolver In-vacuum Undulator	undulator, ion, radiation, synchrotron	2771
	H.-S. Kang, J. Choi, M. Kim, T.-Y. Koo, T.-Y. Lee, P.C.D. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	Revolver In-Vacuum X-ray Undulator which was designed and fabricated at Spring-8 is under commissioning at PLS. This planar undulator whose permanent magnet array structure is a revolving type with 90-degree step provides 4 different undulator wavelengths of 10, 15, 20, and 24 mm. The minimum gap of the undulator is as small as 5 mm. It was observed that the trailing part of a long bunch train was scraped due to ion instability when the undulator gap was closed below 6 mm. At that time the vacuum pressure in the undulator, which is estimated to be about one order of magnitude lower than that of the undulator gap, increased from 1.4 x 10^-10 (gap 20 mm) to 7.9 x 10^-10 Torr (gap 6 mm) at the stored beam current of 100 mA. This high vacuum pressure causes fast beam-ion instability: trailing part of a long bunch train oscillates vertically. It was also confirmed that adjusting the orbit along the undulator has improved the situation to some extent. The ion instability measured with a pico-second streak camera and a one-turn BPM as well as the result of orbit adjustment and chromaticity control will be described in this paper.
	Transparencies

THPCH033	Recent Studies of Geometric and Resistive-wall Impedance at SOLEIL	impedance, SOLEIL, LEFT, single-bunch	2850
	R. Nagaoka, J.-C. Denard, M.-P. Level SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Coupling impedance studies are of great importance for SOLEIL not only to avoid beam instability, but also to ensure protection of a concerned chamber from EM fields excited by the beam. This paper deals with components that required particularly such efforts, which include BPMs, ceramic chambers, and a vertical scraper. The heat deposited in the BPM buttons is investigated as a function of the gap between a button and an electrode, button diameter and thickness. High temperatures on a vacuum tight feed-through would be a problem, affecting the measurement stability at high currents. Coupling of a trapped mode among successively passing bunches is also investigated. To evaluate the heat deposited in a titanium coated ceramic chamber, its impedance is analytically solved using the field matching technique. The solution obtained justifies the image current model that assumes a constant image current density across the coating when the skin depth is greater than the coating thickness. The azimuthal image current distribution is pursued with Piwinski's formalism for flat chambers. The paper also deals with components not treated earlier such as a stripline.

THPCH038	The PANDA Insertion Impedance in High Energy Storage Ring of FAIR	impedance, insertion, CERN, storage-ring	2865
	E. Senicheva, A. Lehrach, D. Prasuhn FZJ, Jülich
	The PANDA insertion due to the special shape of the vacuum pipe creates a discontinuity. This was expected to be the main contribution in the impedance of the vacuum chamber. In this paper we present the results of computations dealing with this problem. From many published articles it is known that the reliability of the results depends on many factors and some time they differ from each other significantly. Therefore we have investigated the impedance of the PANDA insertion using different codes and methods, in particular, MAFIA, ABCI and the analytical estimation with the formula Yakoya recognized as a most successful theoretical estimation of the tapers. Besides, PANDA has two symmetrical T-shape insertions, which have been calculated by 3D MAFIA and compared with the results given by the diffraction theory. We have analysed the longitudinal and the transverse impedance.

THPCH070	Long-pulse Beam Stability in the DARHT-II Linear-induction Accelerator	BBU, impedance, ion, induction	2946
	C. Ekdahl, E.O. Abeyta, P.A. Aragon, R. Archuleta, R. Bartsch, K.C.D. Chan, D. Dalmas, S. Eversole, R.J. Gallegos, J. Harrison, E. Jacquez, J. Johnson, B.T. McCuistian, N. Montoya, S. Nath, D. Oro, L.J. Rowton, M. Sanchez, R.D. Scarpetti, M. Schauer LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico H. Bender, W. Broste, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, A. Tipton, C.-Y. Tom Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, New Mexico R.J. Briggs SAIC, Alamo, California T.P. Hughes, C. Mostrom, Y. Tang ATK-MR, Albuquerque, New Mexico M.E. Schulze GA, San Diego, California
	The beam breakup instability has long been a problem for linear induction accelerators (LIAs). Although it is predicted to saturate in the strong focus regime relevant to LIAs most, if not all, LIAs have had pulse-widths too short to observe this effect. We recently completed BBU experiments on a 1.2 kA, 6.7-MeV configuration of the DARHT-II LIA having a 1600-ns pulse length much longer than the saturation time. The saturated growth observed in these experiments when we reduced the magnetic guide-field strength was in agreement with theory. We used these results to deduce that BBU growth will be insignificant in the final 2-kA, 17-MeV DARHT-II configuration with the tunes that will be used. Another problematic instability for long-pulse LIAs such as DARHT-II is the ion-hose. We also performed experiments with the 6.7-MeV long-pulse configuration of DARHT-II in which we deliberately induced ion-hose by raising the background pressure far above its normal value. The results of these experiments were used to show that ion-hose will not be a problem for to the final DARHT-II configuration.

THPCH071	Coupling Impedances of Small Discontinuities for Non-ultrarelativistic Beams	impedance, dipole, coupling, LANL	2949
	S.S. Kurennoy LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
	The beam coupling impedances of small discontinuities of an accelerator vacuum chamber have been calculated (e.g., * and references therein) for ultrarelativistic beams using Bethe's diffraction theory. Here we extend the results for an arbitrary beam velocity. The vacuum chamber is assumed to have an arbitrary, but fixed, cross section. The longitudinal and transverse coupling impedances are derived in terms of series over cross-section eigenfunctions, while the discontinuity shape enters via its polarizabilities. Simple explicit formulas for the circular and rectangular cross sections are presented. The impedance dependence on the beam velocity exhibits some unusual features. For example, the reactive impedance, which dominates in the ultrarelativistic limit, can vanish at a certain beam velocity, or its magnitude can exceed the ultrarelativistic value many times. *S. S. Kurennoy et al. Phys. Rev. ·10⁵² (1995) 4354.

THPCH076	Resistive Wall Wake Effect of a Grooved Vacuum Chamber	impedance, SLAC, electron, positron	2961
	G.V. Stupakov, K.L.F. Bane SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	To suppress the emission of secondary electrons in accelerators with positively charged beams (ions or positrons) it has been proposed to use a vacuum chamber that is longitudinally grooved (or, equivalently, one can say finned)/. One consequence of having such a chamber in an accelerator is an increased resistive wall impedance. In this paper, we calculate the resistive wall impedance of one such finned chamber, planned to be used in experimental studies of secondary emission suppression at SLAC. For rectangular fins, we use an analytical method based on a conformal mapping approach; we compare the results with a numerical solution of the field equation. We also numerically compute the impedance for rounded fins (as will be used in the SLAC experiment) and analyse how the impedance depends on geometric properties of the fins. A. A. Krasnov. Vaccum, vol. 73, p. 195, (2004).**G. Stupakov and M. Pivi. Preprint SLAC-TN-04-045, (2004).

THPCH077	Resistive-wall Instability in the Damping Rings of the ILC	impedance, feedback, damping, betatron	2964
	L. Wang, K.L.F. Bane, T.O. Raubenheimer, M.C. Ross SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	In the damping rings of the International Linear Collider (ILC), the resistive-wall instability is one of the dominant transverse instabilities. This instability directly influences the choice of material and aperture of the vacuum pipe, and the parameters of the transverse feedback system. This paper investigates the resistive-wall instabilities in an ILC damping ring under various conditions of beam pipe material, aperture, and fill pattern.

THPCH080	Transverse Impedance of Small-gap Undulators for NSLS-II	impedance, undulator, permanent-magnet, electron	2970
	A. Blednykh, S. Krinsky, B. Podobedov, J.-M. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	We discuss the transverse impedance resulting from the use of small-gap undulators in the proposed NSLS-II storage ring. For superconducting undulators, the impedance arises due to the tapered elliptical vacuum chamber. For in-vacuum permanent magnet devices, the impedance results from a more complex geometry. We consider both cases and report results obtained using the electromagnetic simulation program GdfidL.

THPCH081	Transverse Impedance of Elliptical Cross-section Tapers	impedance, BNL, damping, synchrotron	2973
	B. Podobedov, S. Krinsky BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	We investigate the transverse impedance of elliptical cross-section tapers. Analytical estimates for the dipole and quadrupolar components of the impedance at low frequency are obtained by extending a perturbation approach introduced by Stupakov. The perturbation theory results are compared to EM code GdfidL and are found to be in excellent agreement.

THPCH113	The Diamond Light Source Control System	controls, DIAMOND, booster, linac	3068
	M.T. Heron, M.G. Abbott, P.H. Amos, K.A.R. Baker, Y.S. Chernousko, T.M. Cobb, C.A. Colborne, P.N. Denison, I.J. Gillingham, A. Gonias, P. Hamadyk, S.C. Lay, M.A. Leech, P.J. Leicester, M. McClory, U.K. Pedersen, N.P. Rees, A.J. Rose, J.H. Rowland, E.L. Shepherd, S.J. Singleton, I. Uzun, K. Vijayan Diamond, Oxfordshire S. Hunt PSI, Villigen P.H. Owens CCLRC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Diamond is a new 3rd generation synchrotron light source currently being commissioned in the UK. The control system for Diamond will be a site-wide monitoring and control system for the accelerators, beamlines and conventional facilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of the Diamond control system, which is based on the EPICS control system toolkit. It will present the detailed choice of hardware and software, the solutions realised for interfacing and control of the major technical systems of Diamond, together with progress on installation and commissioning.

THPCH121	Development of Machine Interlock System HMI for PLS	controls, storage-ring, linac, injection	3086
	B.R. Park, J. Choi, H.-S. Kang, J.-W. Lee, J.C. Yoon PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The Machine Interlock System (MIS) for the Pohang Light Source (PLS) is used for the monitoring and control of machine devices and equipments for operation and maintenance, and protects machine devices and equipments by interlock chain program at fault status. The MIS consists of one central system unit and seven remote local system units, and is implemented mainly using GE-FANUC's Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Using information and data in the MIS, a human-machine interface (HMI) for the MIS is developed for the operator and system manager to efficiently control and monitor the MIS and also to log various event, trip, fault data automatically. Wonder's FactorySuite is used for the HMI development software. The HMI is developed under PC environments, which communicates with the MIS through RS-485 serial link.

THPCH133	Conceptual Design of an EPU for VUV Radiation Production at LNLS	undulator, controls, polarization, synchrotron	3110
	G. Tosin, R. Basilio, J.F. Citadini, R.T. Neuenschwander, M. Potye, X.R. Resende, M. Rocha, P.F. Tavares LNLS, Campinas
	We describe the magnetic and mechanical design of an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) currently under construction at the (Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source - LNLS). The device is designed to cover the photon flux in the range from 100eV to 1000eV (124Å a 12.4 Å), allowing linear, elliptical and circular polarizations. With this device it is possible to reach absorption edges of several elements such as Si, S, Br, C, N, O, Fe, F, Cl and to measure magnetic dichroism. The EPU's magnetic design is conventional, and field corrections are done by means of virtual shims, with horizontal and vertical displacements. Each one of the four magnetic blocks linear arrays (cassettes) is segmented in seven sub-cassettes. The separate magnetic measurement of each sub-cassette allows corrections of the magnetic field profile to be made before final assembly and makes the verification of mechanical tolerances easier and faster, decreasing the expected time that will be spent in the magnetic tuning of the device. The mechanical structure is composed of a C-Frame, gap and phase actuators. The gaps actuators and phase actuators use absolute encoders and bias with springs to eliminate backlash.

THPCH160	Theoretical Study and Experimental Result of the RF Coupler Prototypes of Spiral 2	simulation, coupling, SPIRAL2, pick-up	3170
	Y. Gómez-Martínez, D. Bondoux, JM. Carretta, J.-M. De Conto, M. Fruneau, A. Garrigue, D. Marchand, R. Micoud, E. Vernay, F. Vezzu LPSC, Grenoble P. Balleyguier CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel M. Di Giacomo GANIL, Caen
	Spiral 2 is a 40 MeV superconducting linac under construction at GANIL. The RF couplers have to provide a 12 kW CW power to the cavities at 88 MHz. Two solutions corresponding to 2 different technologies have been designed and 2 prototypes have been built. We present the technical proposals and issues as well as the results (manufacturing, test at low and high power, multipacting…) leading to the final choice.

THPCH169	Design, Manufacturing and Integration of LHC Cryostat Components: an Example of a Collaboration between CERN and Industry	CERN, LHC, cryogenics, controls	3191
	M. Canetti, F.G. Gangini RIAL VACUUM S.p.A, Parma N. Bourcey, T. Colombet, V. Parma, I. Slits, J.-P.G. Tock CERN, Geneva
	The components for the LHC cryostats and interconnections are supplied by the European industry. The manufacturing, assembly and testing of these components in accordance with CERN technical specifications require a close collaboration and dedicated approach from the suppliers. This paper presents the different phases of design, manufacturing, testing and integration of four LHC cryostat components supplied by RIAL Vacuum (Parma, Italy), including 108 insulation vacuum barriers, 482 cold-mass extension tubes, 115 cryostat vacuum vessel jumper elbows and 10800 interconnection sleeves. The Quality Assurance Plan, which the four projects have in common, is outlined. The components are all leak-tight thin stainless steel assemblies (< 10^-8 mbar l/s), most of them operating at cryogenic temperature (2 K), however each having specific requirements. Therefore the peculiarities of each component are presented with respect to manufacturing, assembly and testing. These components are being integrated at CERN into the LHC cryostats and interconnections, which allowed validating the design and production quality. The major improvements and difficulties will be discussed.

THPCH172	Present Status of Beam Collimation System of J-PARC RCS	proton, radiation, synchrotron, target	3200
	K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken M. Abe, H. Hanaue, A. Nakamura, Y. Takeuchi VIC International Co., Ltd., Tokyo Y. Hirooka, M. Okazaki Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Tokyo
	The precedence manufacture of the two beam collimator was carried out. In these two sets, we tested the heat transfer capacity of cooling fins and remote clamp handling system. The vertical collimator was able to keep temperature under 120 degrees C by the design heat 400W, but in case of the horizontal collimator, it went over 200 degrees C by the design heat 700W. The design was changed towards adding an air duct. About remote clamp handling system, it checked that it could attach by the He leak below 5.*10-10Pa m3/sec as a result of the helium leak examination.

THPCH176	Deposition of Lead Thin Films Used as Photo-cathodes by Means of Cathodic Arc under UHV Conditions	plasma, cathode, gun, ion	3209
	P. Strzyzewski, J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, J. Witkowski The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock T. Rao, J. Smedley BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York R. Russo, S. Tazzari Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma J.S. Sekutowicz DESY, Hamburg
	The cathodic arc technology has been used for various technical purposes for many years. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the cathodic arc can be operated under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and it might solve the problem of the oxygen contamination coming from water remnants. It opens a new road to many applications where very pure metallic and/or superconducting films are needed. The paper reports on recent experimental studies aimed on the deposition of superconducting films of pure lead (Pb) by means of the UHV cathodic arc. Such layers can be used as photo-cathodes needed for modern accelerator injectors. The system configuration, used for thin film deposition inside the RF Gun designed at DESY, is also described and the main results and characteristics of thin superconducting Pb-films are presented.

THPCH183	Installation and Quality Assurance of the Interconnections between Cryo-assemblies of the LHC Long Straight Sections	LHC, cryogenics, CERN, controls	3227
	C. Garion, I. Slits, J.-P.G. Tock CERN, Geneva
	The interconnections between the cryomagnets and cryogenic utilities in the LHC long straight sections constitute the last machine installation activity. They are ensuring continuity of the beam and insulation vacuum systems, cryogenic fluid and electrical circuits and thermal insulation. The assembly is carried out in a constraining tunnel environment with restricted space. Therefore, the assembly sequence has to be well defined, and specific tests have to be performed during the interconnection work to secure the reliability of the system and thus to ensure the global accelerator availability. The LHC has eight long straight insertion zones composed of special cryomagnets involving specific interconnection procedures and QA plans. The aim of this paper is to present the installation and quality assurance procedures implemented for the LHC LSS interconnections. Technologies such as manual and automatic welding and resistive soldering will be described as well as the different quality controls such as visual and radiographic inspection of welds, electrical and leak testing. An evaluation and statistical analysis of the results of the interconnection work will be presented.

THPCH185	Planning and Logistics Issues Raised by the Individual System Tests during the Installation of the LHC	LHC, cryogenics, instrumentation, superconducting-magnet	3233
	S. Weisz, E. Barbero-Soto, K. Foraz, F. Rodriguez-Mateos CERN, Geneva
	The running of individual system tests has to fit within tight constraints of the LHC installation planning and of CERN's accelerator activity in general. For instance, the short circuit tests of the power converters that are performed in situ restrict the possibility to work in neighbouring areas; much in the same way, the cold tests of the cryogenic distribution line involve safety access restrictions that are not compatible with the transport and installation of cryo-magnets or interconnect activities in the sector considered. Still, these individual system tests correspond to milestones that are required to ensure that we can continue with the installation of machine elements. This paper reviews the conditions required to perform the individual system tests and describe how the general LHC installation planning is organised to allocate periods for these tests.

THPLS006	The Machine Installation at SOLEIL	alignment, SOLEIL, quadrupole, dipole	3275
	J.C. Besson, X. Deletoille, J.-F. Lamarre, D. Lefebvre, H. Rozelot SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	SOLEIL is a third generation Synchrotron radiation Source, under construction in France near Paris. The 357 m circumference storage ring is mainly composed of (32 +1) dipoles, 160 quadrupoles, 120 sextupoles, 2 RF cryomodules, ~ 200 vacuum chambers, 6 injection equipment; 12 beamline front-ends and 4 insertion devices (initially). The 157 m circumference Booster comprises 36 dipoles, 44 quadrupoles, 28 sextupoles, 1 RF cavity and 8 injection/extraction equipment. Before the beginning of the Process installation, a general planning was established detailing the various stages of the equipment installation and their assembly protocols before their on-site installation. In reality, many unknown factors, delays on the buildings, delays on the equipment deliveries, technical problems encountered during the construction, have constrained us to significantly and frequently amend and adapt this initial planning. Due to the various delays, it was also necessary to manage the cohabitation with the various building trades. However, the work made on the initial planning paid off as without its detailed protocols, we could not have carried out the Process installation within correct deadline.

THPLS018	FLUKA Calculations of Neutron Spectra at BESSY	target, shielding, electron, radiation	3311
	K. Ott BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	The synchrotron light source BESSY consists of a 50 MeV microtron, a full energy synchrotron and a 1.9 GeV storage ring. The electron losses during injection causes electromagnetic cascades within the stainless steel of the vacuum system and the aluminum chambers of the undulators. The cascade-produced neutrons result from giant resonances, quasi-deuteron fissions and photo-pion productions. The cross sections of the evaporation reactions of neutrons are an order of magnitude higher than the cross sections of the latter two reaction channels. The energy distribution of the giant resonance neutrons has a maximum at about 1 MeV in comparison with 100 - 200 MeV of the high energy neutrons. At electron accelerators outside the shielding wall, half of the neutron dose is often determined by the more penetrating high energy part of the neutron fluence. We used the particle interaction and transport code FLUKA for the calculations of the energy distribution of both the fluence and the dose inside and outside the shielding wall for different realistic scenarios. From the integrated spectra we get the calibration factor to determine the total neutron dose from the measurements directly.

THPLS020	Progress Report on PETRA III	PETRA, wiggler, DESY, emittance	3317
	K. Balewski DESY, Hamburg
	Starting from the middle of 2007, the existing storage ring PETRA II at DESY will be converted into the hard x-ray light source PETRA III. The project was launched in 2002, and in preparation of the conversion a technical design report was published in 2004. Since then detailed design and construction of technical components have begun. Prototypes have been built and tested and the procurement of major parts of the machine components such as magnets and vacuum chambers has started. The project is well underway and in line with the goal of starting the rebuilding in 2007 and the commissioning in 2009. In addition to an overall status report, the development of components and measurement results of prototypes will be presented.

THPLS023	Wake Computations for the Beam Positioning Monitors of PETRA III	PETRA, simulation, electromagnetic-fields, insertion	3326
	A.K. Bandyopadhyay, A. Joestingmeier, A.S. Omar Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg K. Balewski, R. Wanzenberg DESY, Hamburg
	At DESY it is planned to convert the PETRA ring into a synchrotron radiation facility, called PETRA III, in 2007. For proper design of PETRA III it is very important to estimate the wakes due to various discontinuities along the beam pipe. This article is on the wake computations for the beam positioning monitors (BPMs) in the PETRA III beam pipe. Two computer codes, namely MAFIA and Microwave Studio, were used for the electromagnetic field computations. Convergence tests and the agreement between the results of both softwares were taken as criteria in order to validate the results.

THPLS025	Diamond Light Source Vacuum Systems Commissioning Status	storage-ring, controls, DIAMOND, photon	3332
	M.P. Cox, B. Boussier, S. Bryan, B.F. Macdonald, H.S. Shiers Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Diamond Light Source is a new 3 GeV light source currently being commissioned in the UK. The main vacuum systems are a 561.6 m circumference electron storage ring and a 158.4 m circumference booster ring. The storage ring target operating pressure is 1·10^-9 mbar with 300 mA of stored beam after 100 A.h of beam conditioning. The booster ring target operating pressure is up to an order of a magnitude higher. Pumping is provided by discrete noble diode ion pumps, supplemented by titanium sublimation pumps and NEG cartridge pumps. Vacuum vessel construction is mainly from 316LN stainless steel. There is no in situ bakeout except for the 24 storage ring straights and the front ends. An ex situ bakeout process is used for the storage ring arcs followed by installation under vacuum. This paper reports results and experience from the construction and commissioning of the diamond vacuum systems.

THPLS036	Results of the Straight-sections Upgrade of the Photon Factory Storage Ring	undulator, storage-ring, photon, factory	3365
	T. Honda, S. Asaoka, W.X. Cheng, K. Haga, K. Harada, Y. Hori, M. Izawa, T. Kasuga, Y. Kobayashi, H. Maezawa, A. Mishina, T. Mitsuhashi, T. Miyajima, H. Miyauchi, S. Nagahashi, T. Nogami, T. Obina, C.O. Pak, S. Sakanaka, H. Sasaki, Y. Sato, T. Shioya, M. Tadano, T. Takahashi, Y. Tanimoto, K. Tsuchiya, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, K. Umemori, S. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki
	At the 2.5-GeV ring of the Photon Factory (PF), a large reconstruction of the lattice around the straight sections* has been accomplished in 2005. As a result, four short straight sections of 1.5 m have been newly created, and the lengths of the existing straight sections have been much improved. For example, the length of the longest straight section has been extended to 9 m from 5 m. The optics has been optimized for installing short-period narrow-gap (in-vacuum) undulators at the new straight sections. The reconstruction work on the ring was held from March to September 2005. In the range over two-thirds of the storage ring, all the quadrupole magnets and all the beam ducts have been renewed and rearranged. Commissioning of the storage ring was started from the end of September 2005 and continued for one month. The operation for the user experiment was resumed from the end of October on schedule. Though we made no in-situ baking after the installation for the beam ducts, the vacuum scrubbing by the synchrotron radiation is running very well. The product of the beam lifetime and the beam current exceeded 700 A min for the operation current 450 mA at the end of December 2005. *S. Asaoka et al. "New Upgrade Project for the Photon Factory Storage Ring", AIP Conf. Proc. 705, p161 (2004).

THPLS039	Upgrade and Current Status of the PF Ring Vacuum System	photon, insertion, controls, insertion-device	3371
	Y. Tanimoto, Y. Hori, T. Nogami, T. Uchiyama KEK, Ibaraki
	The vacuum system for the KEK Photon Factory (PF) was extensively modified in 2005 as part of the PF ring straight-sections upgrade project. This project required replacements of the quad magnets in both northern and southern straight-sections that account for nearly two-thirds of the whole circumference. Therefore, the vacuum ducts in these new quad magnets (Q-ducts), as well as the vacuum ducts in their related bend magnets (B-ducts), needed to be replaced. The new Q-ducts have a narrower cross-section and are equipped with new 4-electrode beam position monitors, and the new B-ducts are furnished with new distributed ion pumps. After the installation of these vacuum chambers, we omitted the thermal in-situ baking, anticipating that beam scrubbing would provide more efficient cleaning. Furthermore, even pre-baking before installation was not performed for the chambers in the northern half in order to evaluate the effect of the pre-baking during the early period of the commissioning. Details of these modifications, as well as the current status of the new vacuum system, will be presented.

THPLS043	Status of SESAME	dipole, lattice, power-supply, storage-ring	3383
	G. Vignola, A. Amro, M. Attal, H. Azizi, A. Kaftoosian, F. Makahleh, M.M. Shehab, H. Tarawneh, S. Varnasseri SESAME, Amman
	An overview of the status of SESAME is presented. SESAME is a third generation light source facility, with an e-beam energy of 2.5 GeV, located in Allan, Jordan. The emittance is 26 nm.rad and 12 straights are available for insertion devices. The injector consists of a 22.5 MeV microtron and 800 MeV booster synchrotron, with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. The conceptual design of the accelerator complex has been frozen, and the engineering design is in progress. The phase I scientific program for SESAME has also been finalized, and it foresees 6 beam lines, including 2 IR ports. The construction of the SESAME building is in progress, and the beneficial occupancy is expected by the end of 2006. The completion of the accelerators complex construction is scheduled for the end of 2009.

THPLS045	Construction Status of the SSRF Project	power-supply, booster, storage-ring, linac	3389
	Z. Zhao SINR, Jiading, Shanghai H. Ding, H. Xu SINAP, Shanghai
	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), an intermediate energy third generation light source, is under construction at Zhang-Jiang Hi-Tech Park in Shanghai. Its main and auxiliary buildings are scheduled to be completed in October 2006, and this will be followed by the SSRF accelerator installations from October 2006 to March 2008. This paper presents the final design and the current construction status of the SSRF project.

THPLS052	The Vacuum System for the Spanish Synchrotron Light Source (ALBA)	storage-ring, dipole, synchrotron, photon	3398
	E. Al-Dmour, D. Einfeld, M. Q. Quispe, L. Ribó ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA will be a 3GeV, third generation synchrotron light facility to be built near Barcelona (Spain). The design phase of ALBA is almost completed and the main components have been ordered, which includes the vacuum chambers for the storage ring. Commissioning of the storage ring is foreseen to start at the end of 2008. The circumference of the storage ring of ALBA is 268.8 m, and it will be divided into 16 vacuum sections by ultra high vacuum (UHV) gate valves. The vacuum chamber will be made of stainless steel with an internal vertical aperture of 28 mm and 72 mm width. The vacuum chamber will be connected to an antechamber with a slot of 10 mm height and 20 mm width. The antechamber will have the discrete absorbers, which will absorb the unwanted synchrotron radiation. The pumping will be by sputter ion pumps (SIP) and NEG pumps, with an overall pumping speed from SIP of 57400 l/s. This will maintain an average dynamic pressure of around 1.0·10^-9 mbar to achieve a beam lifetime > 15 hours at the designed current. No in-situ bakeout is foreseen, as the vacuum section will be conditioned ex-situ and installed under vacuum to the storage ring.

THPLS053	Status of the ALBA Project	storage-ring, synchrotron, booster, insertion	3401
	D. Einfeld ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA is a 3 GeV light source being built near Barcelona, Spain. ALBA is optimized for high flux density and a large number of available straight sections for insertion devices (3x8 m, 12x4.2 m) in a relatively small circumference of 268.8 m. The light source should be operational in 2010, including the operation of seven beamlines, including six insertion devices. The design of the lattice and of the major components of the accelerator complex (linac and booster, magnets, RF system, vacuum system) is finish and the procurement procedure has started for the large majority of them. The construction of the building will start in the first half of 2006. This report offers an overview of the status of the project, with special emphasis in the new developments.

THPLS054	Closed Orbit Correction and Beam Dynamics Issues at ALBA	lattice, quadrupole, multipole, dynamic-aperture	3404
	M. Muñoz, D. Einfeld, T.F. Günzel ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA is a 3 GeV light source being built in Spain. The light source should be operational in 2010.The lattice for the storage ring is now finalized. The basic cells is an extended DBA-like structure with finite dispersion in the straight sections, providing low emittance (under 5nmrad) , small beam cross sections at the source points (less than 150 micro-m horizontal and 10micro-m vertical), and a large number of straight sections (4 times 8m, 12 times 4.2m and 8 times 2.6m). In this paper we review the properties of the lattice with special emphasis in the closed orbit correction system and the lifetime limits.

THPLS056	Synchrotron Radiation Monitors at ALBA	synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, booster	3410
	U. Iriso CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) F. Pérez ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA is a 3 GeV, low emittance third generation synchrotron light source that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. Synchrotron Radiation Monitors (SRM) are one of the most useful, non-destructive tools to easily obtain information of three important parameters for a synchrotron user: beam position, beam dimensions and beam stability. These monitors diagnose beam performance using the radiation produced when the beam traverses a bending magnet. An extensive usage of SRM, based on the visible part of the spectrum, is planned in the ALBA synchrotron: Linac, Booster, Transfer Lines and the Storage Ring. The latter will be equipped as well with an SRM based on the x-ray part of the spectrum, using the PinHole technique in order to accurately measure the low beam size and emittance. This paper describes the different SRM designs for the ALBA light source.

THPLS058	MAX III Commissioning	injection, dipole, electron, betatron	3416
	M. Eriksson, M. Bergqvist, M. Brandin, L.-J. Lindgren, M. Sjöström, S. Thorin MAX-lab, Lund
	Some of the features of the 700 MeV MAX III synchrotron radiation storage ring are presented, and the commissioning of this ring is described.

THPLS064	Design Concept of the Vacuum System for the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source	photon, simulation, electron, storage-ring	3433
	G.-Y. Hsiung, C.K. Chan, C.-H. Chang, H.P. Hsueh, T.L. Yang NSRRC, Hsinchu J.-R. Chen NTHU, Hsinchu
	The design concept of the vacuum system for the electron storage ring of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), 518.4 m in circumference, is described. The vacuum system for the synchrotron light source not only meets the specifications of an electron beam energy of 3 GeV and a beam current at 400 mA but also provides a safety factor of 1.7 (~ 500 mA) at 3.3 GeV at the upper bound. The vacuum system for the storage ring is built with consideration of the following features: (1) Large aluminum bending chambers to simplify the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) structure; (2) Absorbers located as far from the source as possible to reduce the heat load and associated yield of photon stimulated desorption (PSD) as well as the photoelectron; (3) Vacuum pumps located in the antechamber and closed to the absorbers to increase the localized pumping efficiency and to minimize the impedance of beam ducts; (4) Quantity of flanges and bellows is significantly reduced. Configuration of the pumps, results of the simulation for the pressure and thermal stress, and the criteria of the design will be discussed.

THPLS073	Effect of Nonlinear Synchrotron Motion on TPS Energy Acceptance	synchrotron, lattice, emittance, sextupole	3451
	M.-H. Wang, H.-P. Chang, C.-C. Kuo, G.-H. Luo NSRRC, Hsinchu
	For design of new generation synchrotron light source the first order momentum compaction factor is usually small. The contribution of second order momentum compaction factor can't be neglected. The longitudinal phase space changes significantly due to the nonlinear effect. This will affect the energy acceptance of the particles and reduce the Touschek beam life time. In this paper we analyze the effect of the nonlinear synchrotron motion of TPS lattice design. The reduction of energy acceptance is estimated. The contribution to second order momentum compaction factor is discussed. Efforts to minimize this nonlinear effect will also be addressed. C. C. Kuo et al., "Design of Taiwan Future Synchrotron Light Source", these proceedings.

THPLS083	Implementation of the Double-waist Chicane Optics in SPEAR 3	optics, lattice, quadrupole, dipole	3472
	W.J. Corbett, M. Cornacchia, T. Dao, D. Dell'Orco, D. Harrington, R.O. Hettel, X. Huang, Y. Nosochkov, T. Rabedeau, F.S. Rafael, H. Rarback, A. Ringwall, J.A. Safranek, B. Scott, J.J. Sebek, J. Tanabe, A. Terebilo, C. Wermelskirchen, M. Widmeyer SLAC, Menlo Park, California M. Yoon POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	The SPEAR 3 upgrade produced two new 7.6 m racetrack straight sections in the 18 cell, 234 m magnet lattice. One of these straights houses four PEP-II style mode-damped RF cavities. The other straight will accommodate two new small-gap insertion devices separated by 10mrad in a magnetic chicane configuration. A quadrupole triplet has been installed at the midpoint of the chicane and the vertical tune has been raised by an integer to create a 'double waist' optics with betay = 1.6m in the center of each ID. Furthermore, as part of the optics upgrade, betay in the four straights adjacent to the racetrack sections was reduced from 5m to 2.5m. In this paper, we describe the physical implementation of the double-waist chicane optics and initial operational results.

THPLS099	Fast Kicker Systems for the SOLEIL Booster Injection and Extraction, with Full Solid-state Pulsed Power Supplies	kicker, extraction, injection, power-supply	3505
	P. Lebasque, M. Bol, C. Herbeaux, J.-P. Lavieville, J.L. Marlats SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The Booster of SOLEIL needs injection and extraction kicker systems with fast transition times, good flat top and low jitter, to allow a satisfactory injection efficiency of the Storage Ring injection. So all the kicker systems have been optimised, to fulfil specifications and to permit the use of solid state switching electronics. This contribution presents the ceramic vacuum chambers and magnets design, the specific pulse forming scheme and the realisation of the pulsed power supplies working up to 20 kV. Electrical and magnetic measurements results of kickers systems are given, and also its operation status from the first SOLEIL Booster injection in July 2005.

THPLS100	Four Matched Kicker Systems for the SOLEIL Storage Ring Injection, a Full Solid State Solution of Pulsed Power Supplies Working at High Current	kicker, storage-ring, SOLEIL, injection	3508
	P. Lebasque, R. Ben El Fekih, C. Herbeaux, J.-P. Lavieville, J.L. Marlats SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The Top Up injection mode of the SOLEIL Storage Ring needs a very good matching of the four kicker magnet fields. But their implantation inside the straight section dedicated to SR injection imposed high level forces on each of the four kickers. This contribution describes the ceramic vacuum chambers and magnets design optimised to provide a very good identity of the four magnets. The pulsed power supplies, based on IGBT high voltage modules, designed to work at high current (5250 A-9000 V) could be located outside the SR tunnel. We highlight the specific development on all components specification and electrical scheme that permits to reach such a challenge. The electrical and magnetic measurement results are reported.

THPLS101	Eddy Current Septum Magnets for Booster Injection and Extraction and Storage Ring Injection at Synchrotron SOLEIL	septum, injection, booster, storage-ring	3511
	P. Lebasque, J. Da Silva, P. Gros, J.-P. Lavieville, A. Mary, D. Muller SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Eddy current thin septum magnets are used to inject or extract the electron beam to/from the Booster and to the Storage Ring of SOLEIL. Good transverse homogeneity in the gap for injected beam, and low leakage field on circulating beam is needed, as well as pulse stability. The Top Up injection mode of the Storage Ring needs a very low level of leakage field on the stored beam path. Operating currents are from 2000 A and 3000 A for Booster injection and extraction, to 5100 A for SR injection. This contribution will describe the magnets and the pulsed power supplies design. The electrical and magnetic measurement results will be presented, with a specific emphasis on the improvements needed to reduce the level of leakage field of the SR septum magnet.

THPLS102	Optimisation of the Coating Thickness on the Ceramic Chambers of the SOLEIL Storage Ring	kicker, injection, SOLEIL, storage-ring	3514
	P. Lebasque, L. Cassinari, J.P. Daguerre, C. Herbeaux, M.-P. Level, C. Mariette, R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The SOLEIL storage ring injection section integrates four matched injection kicker magnets, two diagnostics kicker magnets and a beam shaker, which need ceramic vacuum chambers with an inner titanium coating. For each utilisation (according with its field amplitude and its time or frequency domain), the coating thickness has been evaluated from the different points of view: field attenuation, beam deposited power, magnet excitation deposited power, and cooling efficiency. So we could determine the different coating thicknesses and tolerances needed according to the different magnetic field shapes. The realised ceramic chambers have adequate coating resistances, with in particular a low non-uniformity among the matched injection kicker magnets chambers.

THPLS112	Electron Multipacting Observation and Simulation in the APS PAR	electron, simulation, resonance, beam-loading	3541
	C. Yao, Y.-C. Chae ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The particle accumulator ring (PAR) has both fundamental and 12th harmonic rf systems. Gap voltage fluctuations were experienced after vacuum work was performed on the PAR during a maintenance period. This has caused intermittent beam instability and prevented us from running the PAR fundamental rf system at normal power level. Our investigation has concluded that the problem was caused by electron multipacting in the center vacuum chamber of the cavity. We were able to suppress the multipacting by applying a solenoid field in the suspected region. Computer simulation is underway in order to find the location and the parameter range of the multipacting. In this paper we report the experimental observations and results of the simulation relevant to the phenomena.

THPLS114	"CAMSHAFT" Bunch Kicker Design for the ALS Storage Ring	kicker, storage-ring, pick-up, feedback	3547
	S. Kwiatkowski, K.M. Baptiste, W. Barry, J. Julian, L. Low, D.W. Plate, G.J. Portmann, D. Robin LBNL, Berkeley, California
	ALS is a 1.9 GeV third generation synchrotron light source that has been operating since 1992 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. There are two typical modes of operation of the ALS storage ring. In multibunch mode, the ring is filled to a current of 400 mA in 276 consecutive bunches with a single "camshaft" bunch located in the middle of the 52 bucket gap (h=328). Twice each year, ALS operates in "two-bunch" mode for periods of two weeks delivering 20 mA of average beam current in two diametrically opposite bunches to a small group of users requiring light pulses at lower rates. We plan to build a fast kicker system that will supply single bunch light to users during multibunch operation by displacing the orbit of the camshaft bunch at a prescribed frequency (every N turns). Realization of this project will increase ALS beam availability to multibunch users by at least 10%. This paper will describe the hardware design (pulse generator and beam deflection device) and the test results of the prototype kicker unit.

THPLS119	Development of a Cryogenic Permanent Magnet In-vacuum Undulator at the ESRF	undulator, ESRF, cryogenics, permanent-magnet	3559
	C.A. Kitegi, J. Chavanne, D. Cognie, P. Elleaume, C. Penel, B. Plan, F. Revol, M. Rossat ESRF, Grenoble
	Lowering the temperature of NdFeB materials increases their field remanence and intrinsic coercivity. This property is potentially interesting for the construction of cryogenic permanent in-vacuum undulators (CPMU). Around 150K, the coercivity is increased to such an extent that the NdFeB material is comparable to the Sm2Co17 as far as resistance to radiation damages is concerned. The improvement in field remanence is less remarkable (15% at 150K) and is dominated by a reversible Spin Reorientation Transition (SRT) occurring around 135K. Below this temperature, the remanence decreases. The complete magnetization curves of NdFeB material measured at different cryogenic temperatures are presented. Non-linear models have been constructed and used in the RADIA code in order to compute the field performance of a hybrid NdFeB in-vacuum undulator. A prototype CPMU is presently under construction at the ESRF. It has a period of 18mm and a magnetic length of 2m. The field integral and local field measurements of the cryogenic device require new systems operated in vacuum. A stretched wire bench and a hall probe bench are under construction; their main characteristics will be presented. D. Givord et al. Analysis of hysteresis loops in NdFeB sintered magnets, J. Appl. Phys. 60(9) (3263-3265).**T. Hara et al. Cryogenic permanent undulator, Phys.rev. ST AB volume 7 050702 (2004).

THPLS121	Status of the PETRA III Damping Wigglers	wiggler, damping, PETRA, DESY	3565
	M. Tischer, K. Balewski, M. Seidel, L. Yongjun DESY, Hamburg A.A. Krasnov, V. Kuzminykh, E. Levichev, P. Vobly, K. Zolotarev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	After mid-2007, the present PETRA storage ring at DESY will be reconstructed towards a dedicated third generation light source operating at 6 GeV. An emittance reduction down to 1 nm can be achieved by means of damping wigglers. 20 permanent magnet wigglers will be installed in two of the long straights of the machine. The wiggler segments are compact fixed gap devices surrounded by iron enclosures to reduce the leakage flux. Each device will provide a damping integral of 4 T2m per segment and generate a synchrotron radiation power of 42 kW. Every wiggler segment will be followed by an SR-absorber to protect all downstream components, the accumulated on-axis power of about 200 kW will be taken up by a final absorber at the damping section end. The wiggler's magnetic design, field properties and correction schemes have previously been proven by a one period long prototype. At present, the first full length (4m) prototype wiggler has been assembled and characterized magnetically.

THPLS122	Investigations of the Thermal Beam Load of a Superconducting In-vacuum Undulator	undulator, radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	3568
	S. Casalbuoni, MH. Hagelstein, B.K. Kostka, R. Rossmanith FZK, Karlsruhe T. Baumbach, A. Bernhard, D. Wollmann University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe E. Steffens, M. Weisser Erlangen University, Erlangen
	Both the resistive wall effect and the synchrotron radiation~\cite{wallen, casalbuoni, chou} can warm up the cold bore of a superconductive in-vacuum undulator. For the in ANKA installed superconducting undulator measurements showed that the dominant heat load contribution comes from the synchrotron radiation generated in the upstream bending magnet: 1 W per 100 mA stored current at a beam energy of 2.5 GeV and an undulator gap of 8 mm.

THPLS130	Thermal Neutron Demagnetization of NdFeB Magnets	electron, ion, photon, undulator	3589
	R.W. Klaffky DOE/OFES, Germantown, Maryland R.M. Lindstrom NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland B. Maranville, R. Shull National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland B.J. Micklich, J.H. Vacca ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	At the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, NdFeB insertion device magnets have shown losses of magnetization on a few straight sections where the largest electron beam losses occur due to limiting vacuum chamber apertures. In the worst case, these magnetization losses were evident after a three month operational period. To isolate the effect that thermal neutrons have on these magnets, the magnetization and coercivity were studied for two NdFeB grades as a function of dose from 7.5 x 10(12) to 6 x 10(13) neutrons/cm2. After saturation, the remanent magnetization was found to decrease linearly with the logarithm of the dose. At a dose of 7.5 x 10(12) neutrons/cm2.sec, there was already a 43 percent magnetization loss for the N45 grade and a 15 percent loss for the N48 grade. There was no apparent change in coercivity with dose. The change in remanent magnetization is a consequence of boron thermal neutron capture through the 10B(n,alpha)7Li reaction, which generates MeV energy alpha particles and lithium ions.

THPLS139	In-Achromatic Superconducting Wiggler in Taiwan Light Source: Installation and Test Results	wiggler, storage-ring, cryogenics, electron	3613
	C.-H. Chang, C.-C. Chang, H.-P. Chang, H.-H. Chen, J.-R. Chen, T.-C. Fan, G.-Y. Hsiung, M.-H. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, J.C. Jan, F.-Y. Lin NSRRC, Hsinchu
	In order to increase more high flux x-ray photon beams for the Taiwan Light Source, the achromatic superconducting wiggler has been installed and tested in a 1.5 GeV storage ring. The 3.1 Tesla superconducting wiggler will be operated in a 4.5 K liquid helium cryogenic system. In this work, the operation experience and test results of the achromatic superconducting wiggler are described.

FRYCPA01	ITER and International Scientific Collaboration	plasma, controls, site, diagnostics	3641
	S. Chiocchio MPI/IPP, Garching
	The presentation will describe the status and perspectives of the ITER Project. It will also explore the possible connection between the accelerator and the fusion worlds. The talk will cover experience in the managerial and sociological aspects of the worldwide collaboration of which ITER is the end result, very similar to the issues facing the accelerator community, which also faces projects of similar scope from the point of view of time span, technical complexity and sociological impact.
	Transparencies