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| MOPCH078 | Simulation of Dynamic Vacuum Induced Beam Loss | ion, vacuum, lattice, target | 211 | ||
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In synchrotrons, operated with intermediate charge state, heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change in charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms or molecules. The resulting A/Z deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact positions, secondary particles are produced by ion stimulated desorption and increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time (a few turns). A program package has been developed, which links the described beam loss mechanisms to the residual gas status and determines the vacuum dynamics. Core of the program is an ion optics tracking routine, in which the atomic physics and vacuum effects are embedded.
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| MOPCH087 | Quasi-adiabatic Transition Crossing in the Hybrid Synchrotron | synchrotron, acceleration, induction, proton | 234 | ||
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Non-adiabatic features around the transition energy are well-known to be one of most important beam physics issues in most of circular hadron accelerators. A novel technique to avoid them by the adiabatic motion, a quasi-adiabatic focusing-free transition crossing (QAFFTC), was proposed. In a longitudinally separated function-type accelerator*, in which particles are confined by an rf voltage or burrier voltages and accelerated by a step voltage, the confinement voltage can be arbitrarily manipulated as long as the particles do not diffuse, while a strict acceleration voltage is necessary for the orbit of a charged particle to be balanced in the radial direction. The introduction of QAFFTC is most suitable for the longitudinally separated function-type accelerator. This new method was examined in this type of accelerator**, both theoretically and experimentally. This was a first and significant application of the hybrid synchrotron. The results will be presented.
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*K. Takayama and J. Kishiro, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 451, 304 (2000).**K. Takayama et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 144801 (2005). |
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| MOPCH120 | Ground Motion Study and the Related Effects on the J-PARC | ground-motion, site, simulation, KEK | 327 | ||
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The power spectrum density, coherence and cross-spectrum density of the ground motion in the J-PARC site are studied to get the guideline of the beam control systems. J-PARC consists of a 600 MeV linac, a 3 GeV Rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) and a 50 GeV synchrotron (MR). MR provides a beam current of 15 micro-A with a period of 3 sec to either the nuclear physics experimental area or the neutrino production target. MR is a very high beam power machine, so its optimum beam loss must be kept fewer than 0.01% of an accelerated beam in order to decrease the radiation damage of accelerator components and to get easy accessibilty to them. From the point of view of beam loss, we give some detailed discussion about the relation between the MR operation and the ground motion using the observed data.
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| MOPCH122 | Realistic Beam Loss Estimation from the Nuclear Scattering at the RCS Charge-exchange Foil | scattering, injection, simulation, target | 333 | ||
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We have developed simulation tools for the realistic beam loss estimation at the RCS(rapid cycling synchrotron) of J-PARC(Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The present simulation concerns an accurate estimation of the beam loss caused by the nuclear scattering at the charge-exchange foil during the multi turn injection period. It can also figure out the loss point in the ring, so would become very useful for the maintenance and optimization as well. The simulation code GEANT together with the SAD(Strategic Accelerator Design) have been used for the present purpose. In this paper, detail simulation method including the result will be discussed.
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| MOPCH124 | Energy Deposition in Adjacent LHC Superconducting Magnets from Beam Loss at LHC Transfer Line Collimators | LHC, simulation, proton, collimation | 336 | ||
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Injection intensities for the LHC are over an order of magnitude above the damage threshold. The collimation system in the two transfer lines is designed to dilute the beam sufficiently to avoid damage in case of accidental beam loss or mis-steered beam. To maximise the protection for the LHC most of the collimators are located in the last 300 m upstream of the injection point where the transfer lines approach the LHC machine. To study the issue of possible quenches following beam loss at the collimators the entire collimation section in one of the lines, TI 8, together with the adjacent part of the LHC has been modeled in FLUKA. The simulated energy deposition in the LHC for worst-case accidental losses as well as for losses expected during a normal filling is presented. The operational implications are discussed.
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| MOPCH127 | SNS Warm Linac Commissioning Results | linac, CCL, emittance, SNS | 342 | ||
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The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of an H- injector, capable of producing one-ms-long pulses at 60Hz repetition rate with 38 mA peak current, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The 2.5MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. The staged beam commissioning of the accelerator complex is proceeding as component installation progresses. Current results of the beam commissioning program of the warm linac will be presented including transverse emittance evolution along the linac, longitudinal bunch profile measurements at the beginning and end of the linac, and beam loss study.
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| MOPCH131 | SNS Ring Commissioning Results | target, extraction, injection, linac | 351 | ||
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The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) comprises a 1.5-MW, 60-Hz, 1-GeV linac, an accumulator ring, associated beam lines, and a spallation neutron target. Construction began in 1999 and the project is on track to be completed in June 2006. By September 2005 the facility was commissioned up through the end of the superconducting linac, and in January 2006 commissioning began on the High Energy Beam Transport beam line, the accumulator ring, and the Ring to Target Beam Transport beam line up to the Extraction Beam Dump. In this paper we will discuss early results from ring commissioning including a comparison of achieved vs. design beam machine parameters and the maximum beam intensity achieved to date.
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| MOPCH194 | Studies of the Alignment Tolerance for the Injector System of the IFUSP Microtron | alignment, simulation, microtron, acceleration | 517 | ||
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The Instituto de Fmsica da Universidade de Sco Paulo (IFUSP) is building a two-stage 38 MeV continuous-wave racetrack microtron. In this work, we describe the determination of alignment tolerances for the injector system of the IFUSP Microtron. This system consists of a linear accelerator with input energy of 100 keV and output energy of 1.8 MeV. The work presented ere involves analysis of our possibilities of alignment, the beam specifications for the acceleration structures and the strength of the correcting coils. Simulations were made using a method based on rotation matrices that allows for misalignments in the optical elements. It uses a tolerance parameter, given by the user, which is interpreted as a standard deviation of the normal misalignment distribution used to shuffle a configuration. A 5% loss of particles is achieved at a tolerance of 0.25-mm, without the inclusion of correcting coils (steerings) in the simulations.
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| MOPLS006 | Adaptive RF Transient Reduction for High Intensity Beams with Gaps | feedback, LHC, simulation, synchrotron | 541 | ||
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When a high-intensity beam with bunch-trains and gaps passes a cavity with a high-gain vector feedback enforcing a constant voltage, large transients appear, stressing the RF high power hardware and increasing the trip rate. By modulating the cavity voltage with a varying periodic waveform (set-function), the RF power can be made constant while still preserving the high feedback gain. The average cavity voltage is conserved but bunches have to settle at slightly shifted positions. A method is derived to obtain this set-function in practice while making no assumptions or measurements of the beam or RF parameters. Adiabatic iterations are made, including the whole machine as an analog computing device, using all parameters as they are. A computer simulation shows the success of the method.
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| MOPLS021 | Beam Pipe Desorption Rate in RHIC | ion, RHIC, electron, vacuum | 583 | ||
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Increase of beam intensity in RHIC has caused several decades of pressure rises in the warm sections during operation. This has been a major factor limiting the RHIC luminosity. About 250 meters of NEG coated beam pipes have been installed in many warm sections to ameliorate this problem. Beam ion induced desorption is one possible cause of pressure rises. A series beam studies in RHIC has been dedicated to estimate the desorption rate of various beam pipes (regular and NEG coated) at various warm sections. Correctors were used to generate local beam losses and consequently local pressure rises. The experiment results are presented and analyzed in this paper.
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| MOPLS051 | Tracking Down a Fast Instability in the PEP-II LER | vacuum, SLAC, damping, feedback | 658 | ||
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During Run 5, the beam in the PEP-II Low Energy Ring (LER) became affected by a predominantly vertical instability with very fast growth rate of 10…60/ms - much faster than seen in controlled grow-damp experiments - and varying threshold. The coherent amplitude of the oscillation was limited to approx. 1 mm pk-pk or less and would damp down over a few tens of turns; however, beam loss set in even as the measured amplitude damped, causing a beam abort. This led to the conclusion that the beam was actually blowing up. The presence of a 2 nu_s line in the spectrum suggested a possible head-tail nature of the instability, although chromaticity was not effective in raising the threshold. In this paper we will describe the measurements and data taken to isolate and locate the cause of the instability and, eventually, the discovery and fix of the root cause.
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| MOPLS091 | First Design of a Post Collision Line for CLIC at 3 TeV | CLIC, photon, extraction, dipole | 765 | ||
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As part of the Post collision diagnostic task of the ILPS work-package of EuroTeV we discuss a design of the beam line between the interaction point and the beam dump for CLIC with a center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV. The design is driven by the requirement to transport the beam and all secondaries such as beamstrahlung and coherent pairs to the beam dump with minimal losses. Moreover, we discuss the integration of novel diagnostic methods into the post collision beam line based on the detection of coherent pairs and monitoring the beam profile of the primary beam.
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| TUPCH035 | Fine Spatial Beam Loss Monitoring for the ISIS Proton Synchrotron | dipole, monitoring, synchrotron, acceleration | 1079 | ||
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Beam loss detection at the ISIS synchrotron is achieved using a series of 3 and 4 metre long argon gas ionisation tubes placed around the inside track of the main ring and along the injector and extraction sections. Even with this level of diagnostics problems have occurred, for example, inside a main dipole within the accelerator ring where small concentrated areas of loss have resulted in severe damage to the RF shield. This type of loss cannot be easily resolved using the conventional argon gas system due to the length of the detectors and their distance from the vacuum vessel (around 2m). We report here the development of a compact beam loss monoitoring system which has been installed inside a dipole between the vacuum vessel and the main body of the dipole. The system comprises of six 150 sq. cm. (BC408) plastic scintillators connected to photo-multiplier tubes via fibre optic bundles. Measurements taken demonstrate that the new system can easily resolve complex beam loss patterns along the dipole while remaining robust to the high radiation environment. We also report here details of our PXI based data collection and display system.
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| TUPCH038 | Beam Loss Monitoring and Machine Protection Designs for the Daresbury Laboratory Energy Recovery Linac Prototype | electron, radiation, ERLP, monitoring | 1088 | ||
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Daresbury Laboratory is currently constructing an energy recovery linac prototype (ERLP). This is to carry out the necessary research and development of the technology of photo-cathode electron guns and superconducting linacs so that a fourth generation light source (4GLS) can be designed and constructed. Beam loss monitoring and machine protection systems are vital areas for the successful operation of the ERLP. These systems are required, both for efficient commissioning and for hardware protection during operation. This paper gives an overview of the system requirements, options available and details of the final design specification.
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| TUPCH057 | A Diagnostic System for Beam Abort at KEKB | KEKB, vacuum, KEK, controls | 1139 | ||
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A controlled beam abort system has been installed at KEKB for the protection of the hardware components of the accelerator and detector from damage by ampere-class beam currents. In order to identify the reason for each abort and optimize the abort system to handle each type of problem as well as improve machine operation, a diagnostic system has been developed. Fast signals, such as beam currents, accelerating voltages of the RF cavities and beam loss monitor signals from PIN photo-diodes are recorded and analyzed by a data logger system with a high sampling rate at the moment of each abort. Beam oscillations, radiation dose at the detector and vacuum pressure are also examined to classify the reasons for beam loss and aborts. Statistics and typical examples of these aborts will be discussed.
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| TUPCH088 | High Dynamic Range Beam Profile Measurements | CTF3, CLIC, injection, site | 1217 | ||
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In future high intensity, high energy accelerators, beam loss has to be minimized to maximize performance and minimize activation of accelerator components. It is imperative to have a clear understanding of the mechanisms that can lead to halo formation and to have the possibility to test available theoretical models with an adequate experimental setup. Measurements based on optical transition radiation (OTR) provide an interesting opportunity for high resolution measurements of the transverse beam profile. In order to be applicable for measurements within the beam halo region, it is of utmost importance that a high dynamic range is covered by the image acquisition system. The existing camera system as it is installed in the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is compared to a step-by-step measurement with a photo multiplier tube (PMT) and measurements with a cooled charge injection device (CID) camera. The latter acquisition technique provides an innovative and highly flexible approach to high dynamic range measurements and is presented in some detail.
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| TUPCH172 | Status Report on the Performance of NEG-coated Chambers at the ESRF | vacuum, ESRF, CERN, radiation | 1420 | ||
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At the ESRF, the use of NEG-coated narrow gap chambers for insertion device (ID) straight sections has become the standard choice for in-air IDs. A total of 25 chambers have been installed at different times in the ring, with 19 being installed as of Jan 2006, for a total length of 82 m. The vacuum performance has been excellent for all but one of them. It has been found that the now standard "10mm" design, i.e. a 5 m-long, 57x8 mm2 ellipse, is compatible with the multi-bunch operation at 200 mA. Runs at higher currents, performed in preparation of current upgrades, have gone smoothly. During 2005, a 3.5 m-long prototype of a chamber suited for installation in the achromat part of the lattice has been installed in the ring. It was characterized by a much smaller cross-section (30x20 mm2, HxV) as compared to a standard chamber (74x33 mm2, HxV), and by the absence of three lumped pumps, replaced by the NEG-coating. The data taken during a full run have been extremely encouraging, to the point of considering the adoption of a similar design for a future upgrade of the storage ring lattice and vacuum system. A status report will be given, alongside with a discussion of future plans.
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| TUPCH173 | Understanding of Ion Induced Desorption Using the ERDA Technique | ion, target, vacuum, GSI | 1423 | ||
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In heavy ion synchrotrons like SIS18 at GSI high energetic ions can impact on the beam pipe and release gas molecules. This so called "ion induced desorption" deteriorates the accelerator vacuum and as a consequence the beam life time and luminosity. To minimize the pressure increase it is necessary to understand the physics of ion induced desorption. The elastic recoil ion detection analysis (ERDA) can give a time resolved element specific depth profile of a probe under ion bombardment. A UHV-ERDA setup has been installed at GSI to investigate correlations between desorption and material properties as well as its dose dependant evolution. Recent experiments have shown the influence of the surface state of a sample such as the oxide layer on steel as well as the importance of a high-purity bulk such as in silicon and OFHC copper. We will present the results of gold coated copper in comparison to stainless steel as applicable materials for accelerators.
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| TUPLS024 | FFAGs as Muon Accelerators for a Neutrino Factory | resonance, emittance, acceleration, alignment | 1541 | ||
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The FFAG accelerator is a solution for rapid acceleration of muons because of its large aperture and no need of magnet ramping. Its particle dynamics is, however, peculiar due to high energy gain per turn and large transverse amplitude, which has not been seen in other types of circular accelerators. One variation of FFAG, called non-scaling FFAG, employs quite new scheme, namely, out of bucket acceleration. We studied emittance distortion, coupled motions among 3-D planes, effects of resonance lines, etc., based on a newly developed tracking code. In this paper, we will emphasize new regime of particle dynamics as well as a modeling technique of FFAG.
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| TUPLS117 | Beam Transport Lines for the CSNS | target, linac, RTBT, beam-transport | 1780 | ||
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This paper presents the design of two beam transport lines at the CSNS: one is the injection line from the linac to the RCS and the other is the target line from the RCS to the target station. In the injection beam line, space charge effects, transverse halo collimation, momentum tail collimation and debunching are the main concerned topics. A new method of using triplet cells and stripping foils is used to collimate transverse halo. A long straight section is reserved for the future upgrading linac and debuncher. In the target beam line, large halo emittance, beam stability at the target due to kicker failures and beam jitters, shielding of back-scattering neutrons from the target are main concerned topics. Special bi-gap magnets will be used to reduce beam losses in the collimators in front of the target.
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| TUPLS122 | Implementation of the Proposed Multiturn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron | extraction, kicker, septum, SPS | 1789 | ||
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Following the positive results of the three-year measurement campaign at the CERN Proton Synchrotron concerning beam splitting with stable islands in the transverse phase space, the study of a possible implementation of the proposed multi-turn extraction was undertaken. The novel approach would allow a substantial reduction of beam losses, with respect to the present scheme, when delivering the high-intensity proton beams required for the planned CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso Project. Major modifications to the ring layout are foreseen, such as a new design of the extraction bumps including also the installation of three additional kickers to create a closed-bump over the five turns used to extract the split beam. The ring aperture was reviewed and improvements are proposed to reduce possible beam losses between beam splitting and extraction. The goal consists of implementing the proposed changes by the end of the 2007/2008 PS shutdown and to commission the novel extraction during the 2008 physics run.
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| TUPLS130 | Comparison between Measured and Simulated Beam Loss Patterns in the CERN SPS | SPS, simulation, LHC, proton | 1810 | ||
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A prototype of an LHC collimator has been tested with proton beams at the CERN SPS. The interaction of the circulating proton beam with the carbon collimator jaws generated showers that were lost in the downstream SPS aperture. The measured beam loss patterns are compared in detail with the results of dedicated loss simulations. The simulation package includes (1) a 6D particle tracking through the SPS lattice; (2) the scattering interaction of protons with the collimator jaw material; (3) the time-dependent displacement of the collimator jaws with respect to the beam orbit; (4) a detailed aperture model of the full SPS ring. It is shown that the simulation tools can reliably predict the measured location of losses. This provides an important assessment of the simulation tools in view of the LHC beam loss studies.
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| WEPCH029 | Injection and Extraction Orbit of the J-PARC Main Ring | extraction, injection, kicker, quadrupole | 1987 | ||
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The J-PARC main ring (MR) accelerates a high intensity proton beam and deliver to the neutrino experimental hall by the fast extraction and to the hadron experimental facility by the slow extraction. The beam from the rapid cycle synchrotron (RCS) is injected by the bunch to bucket transfer into the MR. The MR has two beam dump lines, the first one is used to dump the beam at injection energy and the second one can be used to abort accelerated beam. The beam loss at the injection and extraction is one of the critical issue for high intensity proton accelerators. We report designed injection and extraction orbits and discuss about the beam apertures and the beam loss.
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| WEPCH104 | Observation of the Long-range Beam-beam Effect in RHIC and Plans for Compensation | RHIC, LHC, simulation, emittance | 2158 | ||
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At large distances the electromagnetic field of a wire is the same as the field produced by a bunch. Such a long-range beam-beam wire compensator was proposed for the LHC, and single beam tests with wire compensators were successfully done in the SPS. RHIC offers the possibility to test the compensation scheme with colliding beams. We report on measurements of beam loss measurements as a function of transverse separation in RHIC at injection, and comparisons with simulations. We present a design for a long-range wire compensator in RHIC.
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| WEPCH119 | Beam Performance with Internal Targets in the High-energy Storage Ring (HESR) | target, luminosity, antiproton, scattering | 2197 | ||
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The High-energy Storage Ring of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt is planned as an antiproton synchrotron storage ring in the momentum range of 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. An important feature of HESR is the combination of phase space cooled beams and dense internal targets (e.g., pellet targets), which results in demanding beam parameter requirements for two operation modes: high luminosity mode with peak luminosities of up to 2·1032 cm-2 s-1, and high resolution mode with a momentum spread down to 10-5, respectively. The beam cooling equilibrium and beam loss with internal target interaction is analyzed. Rate equations are used to predict the rms equilibrium beam parameters. The cooling and intra-beam scattering rate coefficients are obtained from simplified models. Energy loss straggling in the target and the associated beam loss are analyzed analytically assuming a thin target. A longitudinal kinetic simulation code is used to study the evolution of the momentum distribution in coasting and bunched beam. The analytic expressions for the target induced momentum tail are found in good agreement with the simulation results.
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*A. Lehrach et al. Beam Performance and Luminosity Limitations in the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR), Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A44704 (2006). |
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| WEPLS140 | Update and Summary of the Dependability Assessment of the LHC Beam Dumping System | LHC, dumping, kicker, CERN | 2706 | ||
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The LHC Beam Dumping System (LBDS) must be able to remove the high intensity beams from the LHC accelerator on demand, at any moment during the operation. As the consequences of a major failure can be very severe, stringent safety requirements were imposed on the design. The final results of an in-depth dependability analysis on the LBDS are summarised, for one year of operation and different operational scenarios. The trade-off between safety and availability is discussed, along with the benefit from built-in features like redundancy, on-line surveillance and post-mortem diagnostics.
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| THPCH004 | Space Charge Induced Resonance Trapping in High-intensity Synchrotrons | resonance, synchrotron, space-charge, scattering | 2790 | ||
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With the recent development of high-intensity circular accelerators, the simultaneous presence of space charge and lattice nonlinearities has gained special attention as possible source of beam loss. In this paper we present our understanding of the role of space charge and synchrotron motion as well as chromaticity for trapping of particles into the islands of nonlinear reonances. We show that the three effects combined can lead to significant beam loss, where each individual effect leads to small or negligible loss. We apply our findings to the SIS100 of the FAIR project, where the main source of field nonlinearities stems from the pulsed super-conducting dipoles, and the beam dynamics challenge is an extended storage at the injection flat-bottom, over almost one second, together with a relatively large space charge tune shift.
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| THPCH005 | Considerations for the High-intensity Working Point of the SIS100 | resonance, LEFT, dipole, synchrotron | 2793 | ||
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In the FAIR project the SIS100 synchrotron is foreseen to provide high-intensity beams of U 28+, including slow extraction to the radioactive beam experimental area, as well as high-intensity p beams for the production of antiprotons. In this paper we discuss the proposal of three different working points, which should serve the different needs: (1) a high intensity working point for U28+; (2) a slow extraction working point (also U28+); (3) a proton operation working point to avoid transition crossing. The challenging beam loss control for all three applications requires a careful account of the effects of space charge, lattice nonlinearities and chromaticity, which will be discussed in detail in this paper. Since tunes are not split by an integer and the injected emittances are different, the Montague stop-band needs to be avoided. Moreover, final bunch compression for the U beam requires a sufficiently small momentum spread, and the risk of transverse resisitive wall instabilities poses further limitations on our choice of working points.
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| THPCH007 | Development of a High Current Proton Linac for FRANZ | rfq, emittance, proton, bunching | 2799 | ||
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The FRANZ Facility, a planned worldwide unique pulsed neutron source, will be built at Frankfurt University. A single RFQ or an RFQ-IH combination working at 175MHz will be used to accelerate a 200mA proton beam to the energy which can meet the demands of required neutron production. The beam dynamics study has been performed to design a flexible, short-structure and low-beam-loss RFQ accelerator. The design results and relative analyses are presented.
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| THPCH117 | Synchronized Data Monitoring and Acquisition System for J-PARC RCS | monitoring, controls, power-supply, synchrotron | 3077 | ||
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J-PARC RCS* is a proton synchrotron with an extreme high power of 1MW, and delicate care must be taken to suppress radiation due to beam loss. The RCS injects each beam pulse of 25 Hz into the MLF** and the MR*** in a predefined order. Furthermore, the different beam control parameters are required for the MLF and the MR. Therefore, in order to reduce beam loss, synchronicity of data is indispensable. For this reason, control data monitoring and acquisition must be made separately for each beam pulse, distinguishing the destination in the control system. The data, which require synchronicity monitoring and acquisition, are such as beam position data (BPM**** data). We select mainly these data, and we are developing the synchronized data monitoring and acquisition system based on RM*****, WER******. The status of development and some test results for this system will be presented in this report.
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*Rapid-cycling Synchrotron **Materials and Life Science Facility ***50 GeV Main Ring ****Beam Position Monitor *****Reflective Memory ******Wave Endless Recorder |
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