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MOZAPA01 Approaches to High Intensities for FAIR rfq, heavy-ion, ion-source, UNILAC 24
 
  • P.J. Spiller, W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, H. Eickhoff, R. Hollinger, P.S. Spaedtke
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A new accelerator complex is planned to generate highest intensities of heavy ion and proton beams for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI. The two new synchrotrons, SIS100 and SIS300 which deliver the primary beams to the FAIR target stations, will make use of the existing GSI accelerators UNILAC and SIS18 as injectors. In order to reach the desired intensities close to 1012 uranium ions and 2.5 x 1013 protons per pulse, a substantial upgrade program of the existing facility is being prepared. The well defined technical subprojects of these upgrade programs and the concepts for approaching the intensity goals of SIS100/300 will be described.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
MOPCH075 Internal Target Effects in the ESR Storage Ring with Cooling target, electron, simulation, storage-ring 202
 
  • V. Gostishchev, K. Beckert, P. Beller, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, F. Nolden, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The accurate description of beam-target effects is important for the prediction of operation conditions in terms of high luminosity and beam quality in the FAIR facility at GSI. Numerical models have been developed to evaluate beam dynamics in ion storage rings, where strong cooling in combination with a dense target is applied. First systematic benchmarking experiments were carried out at the existing ESR storage ring at GSI. The influence of the internal target on the beam parameters is demonstrated. Comparison of experimental results with simple models describing the energy loss of the beam particles in the target as well as with more sophisticated simulations with the BETACOOL code will be given.  
 
MOPCH076 Baseline Design for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) Finalized antiproton, storage-ring, GSI, synchrotron 205
 
  • D. Krämer
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The baseline design for the future international facility FAIR has been worked out. The unique accelerator complex will provide high intensity ion beams ranging from antiprotons to uranium for nuclear matter and hadron physics studies. Radioactive beams are generated for nuclear structure and astrophysics experiments. Phase space compression utilizing stochastic and electron cooling allow for fundamental tests at highest precision. Centered around two fast ramping superconducting synchrotrons, ions are accelerated to a beam rigidity of up to 100 Tm and 300 Tm, respectively. Two dedicated storage rings serve for beam accumulation and cooling, providing unprecedented beam quality for experiments in the NESR and HESR storage rings. An overview of the layout of the accelerator complex and beam delivery systems is given. Ongoing R&D activities are reported; project status and international participation will be presented.  
 
MOPCH078 Simulation of Dynamic Vacuum Induced Beam Loss vacuum, beam-losses, lattice, target 211
 
  • C. Omet, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  In synchrotrons, operated with intermediate charge state, heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change in charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms or molecules. The resulting A/Z deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact positions, secondary particles are produced by ion stimulated desorption and increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time (a few turns). A program package has been developed, which links the described beam loss mechanisms to the residual gas status and determines the vacuum dynamics. Core of the program is an ion optics tracking routine, in which the atomic physics and vacuum effects are embedded.  
 
MOPCH079 Ion Optical Design of the Heavy Ion Synchrotron SIS100 extraction, lattice, synchrotron, acceleration 214
 
  • J. Stadlmann, K. Blasche, B. Franczak, C. Omet, N. Pyka, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A.D. Kovalenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  We present the ion optical design of SIS100, which is the main synchrotron of the FAIR project. The purpose of SIS100 is the acceleration of high intensity heavy ion and proton beams and the generation of short compressed single bunches for the production of secondary beams. Since ionization in the residual gas is the main loss mechanism, a new lattice design concept had to be developed, especially for the operation with intermediate charge state heavy ions. The lattice was optimized to generate a peaked loss distribution in charge separator like lattice cells. Thereby it enables the control of generated desorption gases in special catchers. For bunch compression, the lattice provides dispersion free straight sections and a low dispersion in the arcs. A special difficulty is the optical design for fast and slow extraction, and the emergency dumping of the high rigidity ions within the same short straight section.  
 
MOPCH080 Design of the NESR Storage Ring for Operation with Ions and Antiprotons electron, antiproton, storage-ring, injection 217
 
  • M. Steck, K. Beckert, P. Beller, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, F. Nolden, J. Yang
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The New Experimental Storage Ring (NESR) of the FAIR project has two major modes of operation. These are storage of heavy ion beams for internal experiments and deceleration of highly charged ions and antiprotons before transfer into a low energy experimental area. The heavy ion beams can be either stable highly charged ions or rare isotope beams at an energy of 740 MeV/u selected in a magnetic separator. The antiprotons come with an energy of 3 GeV from the production target, they are pre-cooled and accumulated in a storage ring complex. The magnetic structure of the NESR has been optimized for large transverse and longitudinal acceptance by detailed dynamic aperture calculations. This will allow storage of multi-component beams with a large spread of charge to mass ratio, corresponding to a large spread in magnetic rigidity. Highest phase space density of the stored beams is provided by an electron cooling system, which for ions covers the full energy range and for antiprotons allows intermediate cooling during the deceleration process. For experiments with short-lived isotopes the cooling time and the time of deceleration will be optimized to a few seconds.  
 
MOPCH081 FLAIR: a Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research antiproton, emittance, storage-ring, CERN 220
 
  • C.P. Welsch, C.P. Welsch
    CERN, Geneva
  • H. Danared
    MSL, Stockholm
  To exploit the unique possibilities that will become available at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), a collaboration of about 50 institutes from 15 countries was formed to efficiently enable an innovative research program towards low-energy antimatter-physics. In the Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) antiprotons and heavy ions are slowed down from 30 MeV to energies as low as 20 keV by a magnetic and an electrostatic storage ring. In this contribution, the facility and the research program covered are described with an emphasis on the accelerator chain and the expected particle numbers. An overview of the novel beam handling, cooling and imaging techniques as they will be required across the facility is given.  
 
MOPCH085 Pickup Structures for the HESR Stochastic Cooling System pick-up, COSY, vacuum, kicker 228
 
  • R. Stassen, P.B. Brittner, G. Schug, H.S. Singer
    FZJ, Jülich
  The design of the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt includes electron and stochastic cooling. Simulations have shown that the bandwidth of a 2-4 GHz stochastic cooling system is sufficient to achieve the requested beam parameter at the internal target. New 2-4 GHz pickup structures have been developed and tested. First results of the low impedance, printed loop structures will be presented.  
 
MOPCH088 Ion Cooler Storage Ring, S-LSR laser, electron, proton, beam-cooling 237
 
  • A. Noda, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, T. Shirai, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • H. Fadil, M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • T. Fujimoto, S.I. Iwata, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • I.N. Meshkov, I.A. Seleznev, A.V. Smirnov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  Ion cooler and storage ring, S-LSR has been constructed. Its beam commissioning has been successfully performed since October, 2005 and electron beam cooling for 7 MeV proton beam has been performed with both flat and hollow spatial distributions. Effect of relative velocity sweep between electron and ion beams on the cooling time* has been confirmed. Based on the success to create the peaks in the energy spectrum of laser-produced ions, injection of laser-produced ions into S-LSR after rotation in the longitudinal phase space by an RF cavity synchronized to the pulse laser is under planning in order to apply electron cooling for such real laser produced hot ions. Three dimensional laser cooling satisfying the condition of 'tapered cooling' is also under investigation. 24Mg+ ions are to be laser-cooled only in the 'Wien Filter' in order to be cooled down to the appropriate energy according to their horizontal positions**. In parallel with the computer simulation, construction of the laser cooling system with use of ring dye laser accompanied with the second harmonics generator is now underway.

*H. Fadil et al. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. in Phys. Res. A517, 1-8 (2004).**A. Noda and M. Grieser, Beam Science and Technology, 9, 12-15 (2005).

 
 
MOPCH090 ITEP-TWAC Status Report synchrotron, injection, booster, accumulation 243
 
  • N.N. Alexeev, D.G. Koshkarev, B.Y. Sharkov
    ITEP, Moscow
  Three years of successful operation the ITEP-TWAC facility delivers proton and ion beams in several modes of acceleration and accumulation of by using the multiple charge exchange injection technique*. Substantial progress is achieved in output ion beam current intensity of the linear injector I3, in intensity of the buster synchrotron UK, in efficiency increasing of ion beam stacking and longitudinal compression in the storage ring U10. The machine status analysis and current results of activities aiming at subsequent improvement of beam parameters for extending beam technology applications are presented.

*N. Alexeev et al. Laser and Particle Beams (2002) V 20, N3, 385-392.

 
 
MOPCH092 CRYRING Machine Studies for FLAIR CRYRING, antiproton, proton, space-charge 249
 
  • H. Danared, A. Källberg, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  At the FLAIR facility (Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research) at FAIR, antiprotons and heavy ions will be decelerated to very low energies and ultimately to rest. One step in this deceleration is made in the magnetic storage ring LSR (Low-Energy Storage Ring). CRYRING at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm will be closed down within the next few years, and since CRYRING has an energy range quite similar to the proposed LSR, is equipped with beam cooling, and has several other features required for a deceleration ring, plans are being made for the transfer of CRYRING to FAIR and for its use as the LSR ring. This paper describes some of the characteristics of CRYRING relevant for its new role, modifications that need to be made, and test that have been performed at CRYRING with, e.g., deceleration of protons from 30 MeV to 300 keV kinetic energy, which is the proposed energy range for antiprotons at LSR.  
 
MOPCH093 Design of the Double Electrostatic Storage Ring DESIREE vacuum, cryogenics, storage-ring, simulation 252
 
  • P. Löfgren, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, A. Paal, K.-G. Rensfelt, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  • H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, S. Rosén, H.T. Schmidt, K. Schmidt
    FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm
  A double electrostatic storage ring named DESIREE is under construction at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory and Stockholm University. The two rings will have the same circumference, 9.2 m, and a common straight section where merged beam experiments with ions of opposite signs will be performed. The whole structure will be contained in a single vacuum vessel resulting in a very compact design. In addition to its unique double ring structure it will be possible to cool DESIREE down to 10-20K using cryogenerators. This will reduce the internal vibrational and rotational excitations of stored molecules. A cold system will also result in excellent vacuum conditions where longer lifetimes of the stored beams can be expected. While the ion optical calculations have entered a final phase much of the work is now devoted to solve many of the mechanical and cryogenic challenges of DESIREE. In order to test the mechanical and cryogenic properties of for example insulators, vacuum seals, and laser viewports a small test system has been built. The test system is expected to provide valuable information for the final design of DESIREE.  
 
MOPCH099 Performance and Capabilities of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at BNL booster, extraction, BNL, RHIC 270
 
  • K.A. Brown, L. Ahrens, I.-H. Chiang, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, L. Hammons, M. Harvey, J. Morris, A. Rusek, P. Sampson, M. Sivertz, N. Tsoupas, K. Zeno
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL has been in operation since 2003. The first commissioning of the facility took place beginning in October 2002 and the facility became operational in July 2003. The facility was constructed in collaboration with NASA for the purpose of performing radiation effect studies for the NASA space program. The NSRL is capable of making use of protons and heavy ions in the range of 0.05 to 3 GeV/n slow extracted from BNL's AGS Booster. It is also capable of making use of protons and heavy ions fast extracted from the AGS Booster. Many different beam conditions have been produced for experiments at NSRL, including very low intensity In this report we will describe the facility and its' performance over the eight experimental run periods that have taken place since it became operational. We will also describe the current and future capabilities of the NSRL.  
 
MOPCH103 SPIRAL2 RFQ Prototype – First Results rfq, vacuum, injection, SPIRAL2 282
 
  • R. Ferdinand, R. Beunard, V. Desmezières, M. Di Giacomo, P. Robillard
    GANIL, Caen
  • A.C. Caruso
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • S. Cazaux, M. Desmons, A. France, D. Leboeuf, O. Piquet, J.-C. Toussaint
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • M. Fruneau, Y. Gómez-Martínez
    LPSC, Grenoble
  The SPIRAL2 RFQ has been designed to accelerate a 5 mA deuteron beam (Q/A=1/2) or a 1 mA particle beam with q/A=1/3 up to 0.75 MeV/A at 88MHz. It is a CW machine which has to show stable operation, provide the required availability and reduce losses to a minimum in order to minimize the activation constraints. Extensive modelisation was done to ensure a good vane position under RF. The prototype of this 4-vane RFQ has been built and tested in INFN-LNS Catania and then in IN2P3-LPSC Grenoble. It allowed us to measure the vacuum quality, the RF field by X-ray measurements, the cavity displacement and the real vane displacement during the RF injection. Different techniques were used, including an innovative and effective CCD measurement with a 0.6 μm precision. This paper outlines the different results.  
 
MOPCH109 Design Studies on a Novel Stellarator Type High Current Ion Storage Ring injection, plasma, kicker, space-charge 297
 
  • M. Droba, N.S. Joshi, O. Meusel, P. Nonn, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A high current storage ring for the accumulation of ion beams provided by a new 150 kV terminal is under consideration at the Frankfurt University. The configuration based on a toroidal magnetic field seems promising for the storage of intense low energy ion beams, especially when concerning the various potential concepts for space charge compensation. The theory of plasma confinement on magnetic surface is transformed to numerical simulations on circulating ion beams. The space charge effects and stability conditions are studied and will be presented. Various injection techniques based on crossed field-drifts are investigated. Accordingly test experiments are prepared based on two 30 degree toroidal sectors at a major radius of 1.3m with a maximum toroidal magnetic field of 0.6T on axis.  
 
MOPCH112 The RAL Front End Test Stand rfq, ion-source, linac, emittance 303
 
  • A.P. Letchford, M.A. Clarke-Gayther, D.C. Faircloth, D.C. Plostinar, J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • Y.A. Cheng, S. Jolly, A. Kurup, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the megawatt range have many possible applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. These applications typically propose beam powers of 5 MW or more compared to the highest beam power achieved from a pulsed proton accelerator in routine operation of 0.16 MW at ISIS. The UK's commitment to the development of the next generation of HPPAs is demonstrated by a test stand being constructed in collaboration between RAL, Imperial College London and the University of Warwick. The aim of the RAL Front End Test Stand is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced and is intended to allow generic experiments exploring a variety of operational regimes. This paper describes the status of the RAL Front End Test Stand which consists of five main components: a 60 mA H- ion source, a low energy beam transport, a 324 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole accelerator, a high speed beam chopper and a comprehensive suite of diagnostics. The aim is to demonstrate production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps, chopped H- beam at 3 MeV.  
 
MOPCH116 Electromagnetic Design of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole for the Front End Test Stand at RAL simulation, rfq, quadrupole, dipole 315
 
  • A. Kurup
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • A.P. Letchford
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The goal of the RAL front end test stand is to demonstrate cleanly chopped bunches of a 60mA H- ion beam at 3MeV. The acceleration of the H- ions from 65keV to 3MeV will be done using a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) operating at a resonant frequency of 324MHz. The two types of RFQ considered were a 4-vane and a 4-rod. The 4-vane has a higher Q-value but the post-production adjustment is limited. The 4-rod design is easier to manufacture but requires complicated cooling at 324MHz. The results of electromagnetic simulations using CST Microwave Studio are presented for the 4-vane type and 4-rod type RFQ.  
 
MOPCH132 Coupled Maps for Electron and Ion Clouds electron, simulation, RHIC, proton 354
 
  • U. Iriso
    CELLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
  • S. Peggs
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Contemporary electron cloud models and simulations reproduce second order phase transitions, in which electron clouds grow smoothly beyond a threshold from "off" to "on". In contrast, some locations in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) exhibit first order phase transition behaviour, in which electron cloud related outgassing rates turn "on" or "off" precipitously. This paper presents a global framework with a high level of abstraction in which additional physics can be introduced in order to reproduce first (and second) order phase transitions. It does so by introducing maps that model the bunch-to-bunch evolution of coupled electron and ion clouds. This results in simulations that run several orders of magnitude faster, reproduce first order phase transitions, and show hysteresis effects. Coupled maps also suggest that additional dynamical phases (like period doubling, or chaos) could be observed.  
 
MOPCH139 Results and Experience with Single Cavity Tests of Medium Beta Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators at TRIUMF linac, heavy-ion, acceleration, radiation 375
 
  • V. Zviagintsev, K. Fong, M.P. Laverty, R.E. Laxdal, A.K. Mitra, T.C. Ries, I. Sekachev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A heavy ion superconducting linac is being installed at ISAC/TRIUMF. A first stage of the ISAC-II upgrade will see the installation of 20 quarter wave bulk niobium cavities (Beta0=0.057,0.071). The cavities operate CW at 106MHz with design peak fields of Ep=30MV/m, Bp=60mT while delivering an accelerating voltage of 1.08MV at <7W power consumption. All cavities have been tested in a single cavity test stand with twenty of twenty-one meeting ISAC-II specifications. The cavity test results will be presented. In particular we will discuss our experience with BCP vs. EP surface treatments and with Q-disease. In addition the tuning plates of two of the cavities were modified to provide a unique compensation to the resonant frequency.  
 
MOPCH141 Fast Argon-Baking Process for Mass Production of Niobium Superconducting RF Cavities vacuum, lattice, superconductivity, superconducting-RF 381
 
  • B. Visentin, J.-P. Charrier, Y. Gasser, S. Regnaud
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  Baking is a necessary stage to reach high gradients with niobium superconducting cavities. In the standard process, so called "in-situ UHV baking", Nb cavity is baked at 110°C, during 2 days. During this treatment the inner part of the cavity is pumped out under Ultra High Vacuum conditions. In order to save time, "fast UHV baking" at 145 °C during 3 hours, under UHV pumping, has been successfully demonstrated* with similar improvements for cavity performances compare to the standard treatment. With the same simplification concern, we report here about an alternative method to avoid restrictive UHV requirements. Experiments have been carried out to perform "fast baking" in oxygen-free atmosphere, because bad performances have been observed with "fast baking" in air. These degradations are closely connected with a strong oxygen penetration in bulk analysed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopyon on Nb samples .

*Proceedings of SRF Workshop – Ithaca (July 2005) – TuP05.

 
 
MOPCH168 Novel Development on Superconducting Niobium Film Deposition for RF Applications plasma, cathode, vacuum, laser 457
 
  • A. Cianchi, L. Catani, D. D. Di Giovenale, J. Lorkiewicz
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, P. Strzyzewski
    The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
  • V. M. Merlo, M. Salvato, S. Tazzari
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  • B.R. Ruggiero, R. Russo
    ICIB, Pozzuoli (NA)
  A new deposition technology has been developed, based on a cathodic arc system working under UHV conditions, to produce metallic thin films. The technique presents several advantages compared to standard sputtering, mainly: ionized state of the evaporated material, absence of gases to sustain the discharge, higher energy of atoms reaching the substrate surface, possibility to apply bias to the substrate and to guide the arc plasma using magnetic fields. Recent results on superconducting Niobium films deposited under several conditions and on sapphire substrate are reported. A cavity deposition system has been developed and the plasma transport to the cavity cell studied  
 
MOPCH184 Plasma Treatment of Bulk Niobium Surfaces for SRF Cavities plasma, cathode, electron, controls 493
 
  • L. Vuskovic, S. Popovic, M. Raskovic
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia
  • L. Godet, S.B. Radovanov
    VSEA, Gloucester, Maryland
  • H.L. Phillips, A-M. Valente-Feliciano
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Cavity surface preparation has been one of the major problems in superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerator technology. Accelerator performance depends directly on the physical and chemical characteristics at the SRF cavity surface. The primary objective of our work is to explore the effects of various types of electric discharge plasmas to minimize surface roughness and eliminate or minimize deterioration of cavity properties by oxygen, hydrogen and other chemical contaminants. To optimize the plasma etching process, samples of bulk Nb are being exposed to three types of electrical discharge in various experimental set-ups. The surface quality obtained by the three methods was compared with samples treated with buffer chemical polishing techniques. Surface comparisons are made using digital imaging (optical) microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In preliminary tests, samples compared with those treated conventionally have shown comparable or superior properties. Tests have also shown that surface quality varies with plasma conditions and their optimization to obtain the best SRF cavity surface is a major goal of the ongoing work.  
 
MOPLS007 Monitoring Heavy-ion Beam Losses in the LHC proton, LHC, simulation, collimation 544
 
  • R. Bruce, G. Bellodi, H.-H. Braun, S.S. Gilardoni, J.M. Jowett
    CERN, Geneva
  The LHC beam loss monitor (BLM) system, primarily designed for proton operation, will survey particle losses and dump the beam if the loss rate exceeds a threshold expected to induce magnet quenches. Simulations of beam losses in the full magnet geometry allow us to compare the response of the BLMs to ion and proton losses and establish preliminary loss thresholds for quenches. Further simulations of beam losses caused by collimation and electromagnetic interactions peculiar to heavy ion collisions determine the positions of extra BLMs needed for ion operation in the LHC.  
 
MOPLS009 The LHC as a Proton-nucleus Collider LHC, proton, injection, SPS 550
 
  • J.M. Jowett, C. Carli
    CERN, Geneva
  Following its initial operation as a proton-proton (p-p) and heavy-ion (208Pb82+ - 208Pb82+) collider, the LHC is expected to operate as a p-Pb collider. Later it may collide protons with other lighter nuclei such as 40Ar18+ or 16O8+. We show how the existing proton and lead-ion injector chains may be efficiently operated in tandem to provide these hybrid collisions. The two-in-one magnet design of the LHC main rings imposes different revolution frequencies for the two beams in part of the magnetic cycle. We discuss and evaluate the consequences for beam dynamics and estimate the potential performance of the LHC as a proton-nucleus collider.  
 
MOPLS010 Measurement of Ion Beam Losses Due to Bound-free Pair Production in RHIC RHIC, LHC, luminosity, simulation 553
 
  • J.M. Jowett, S.S. Gilardoni
    CERN, Geneva
  • R. Bruce
    MAX-lab, Lund
  • K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, S. Tepikian
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S.R. Klein
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  When the LHC operates as a Pb82+ ion collider, losses of Pb81+ ions, created through Bound-free Pair Production (BFPP) at the collision point, and localized in cold magnets, are expected to be a major luminosity limit. With Au79+ ions at RHIC, this effect is not a limitation because the Au78+ production rate is low, and the Au78+ beam produced is inside the momentum aperture. When RHIC collided Cu29+ ions, secondary beam production rates were lower still but the Cu28+ ions produced were predicted to be lost at a well-defined location, creating the opportunity for the first direct observation of BFPP effects in an ion collider. We report on measurements of localized beam losses due to BFPP with copper beams in RHIC and comparisons to predictions from tracking and Monte Carlo simulation.  
 
MOPLS014 Lifetime Limit from Nuclear Intra-bunch Scattering for High-energy Hadron Beams scattering, LHC, proton, injection 565
 
  • F. Zimmermann, H.-H. Braun, F. Ruggiero
    CERN, Geneva
  We derive an approximate expression for the nuclear scattering rate inside a bunched hadron beam. Application to the LHC suggests that the loss rate due to nuclear scattering can be significant in high-energy proton or ion storage rings.  
 
MOPLS021 Beam Pipe Desorption Rate in RHIC RHIC, electron, vacuum, beam-losses 583
 
  • H. Huang, W. Fischer, P. He, H.-C. Hseuh, U. Iriso, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic, J. Wei, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Increase of beam intensity in RHIC has caused several decades of pressure rises in the warm sections during operation. This has been a major factor limiting the RHIC luminosity. About 250 meters of NEG coated beam pipes have been installed in many warm sections to ameliorate this problem. Beam ion induced desorption is one possible cause of pressure rises. A series beam studies in RHIC has been dedicated to estimate the desorption rate of various beam pipes (regular and NEG coated) at various warm sections. Correctors were used to generate local beam losses and consequently local pressure rises. The experiment results are presented and analyzed in this paper.  
 
MOPLS022 On the Feasibility of Polarized Heavy Ions in RHIC RHIC, resonance, proton, heavy-ion 586
 
  • W.W. MacKay
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Heavy nonspherical ions such as uranium have been proposed for collisions in RHIC. When two such ions collide with their long axes aligned, then the plasma density might be as much as 60% higher. Since the collisions might have any orientation of the two nuclei, the alignment of the nuclei must be inferred from a complicated unfolding of multiplicity distributions. Instead, if it is possible to polarize the ions and control the orientation in RHIC, then a much better sensitivity could be obtained. This paper investigates the manipulation of such polarized ions with highly distorted shapes in RHIC. Several ion species are considered as possibilities with either full or partial Siberian snakes in RHIC.  
 
MOPLS058 eRHIC - Future Machine for Experiments on Electron-ion Collisions electron, proton, luminosity, positron 676
 
  • V. Ptitsyn, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Ben-Zvi, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Graves, V. Litvinenko, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, S. Ozaki, T. Roser, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D.P. Barber
    DESY, Hamburg
  • W.A. Franklin, R. Milner, B. Surrow, C. Tschalaer, E. Tsentalovich, D. Wang, F. Wang, A. Zolfaghari, T. Zwart, J. van der Laan
    MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
  • A.V. Otboev, Y.M. Shatunov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The paper presents recent developments for the design of the high luminosity electron-ion collider, eRHIC, proposed on the basis of the existing RHIC machine. The goal of eRHIC is to provide collisions of electrons and positrons on ions and protons in the center-of-mass energy range from 30 to 100 GeV. Lepton beams as well as the beam of protons (and, possibly, light ions) should be polarized. Two independent designs are under development, the so-called 'ring-ring' and 'linac-ring' options. The 'ring-ring' option is based on a 10 GeV electron storage ring. The design issues for the 'ring-ring' option are similar to those at existing B-factories. In the 'linac-ring' option, the electron beam is accelerated in a 10 GeV recirculating energy recovery linac. This option may provide higher luminosities (> 1·1033 cm-2s-1 for e-p collisions), but requires considerable R&D studies for a high current electron polarized source. In order to maximize the collider luminosity, ion ring upgrades, such as electron cooling and ion beam intensity increase, are considered.  
 
MOPLS085 Experience with a Zero Impedance Vacuum Flange at He Super-Leak Temperature for the ILC vacuum, impedance, KEK, target 753
 
  • H. Matsumoto, F. Furuta, I.H. Inoue, K. Saito, S.N. Sakamoto, K. Ueno
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Several tens of thousands of vacuum flanges will be used in the construction of the ILC. So the reliability and large scale reproducibility of these elements are important issue. To arrive at a standardized vacuum flange, a new design of a unisex flange has been developed. This important component has to serve in two roles at He-super-leak temperature; both as an rf seal and as a vacuum seal. We chose the unisex type with a 90-degree sharp edge forming the seal. The design is a modification of the DESY S-band rectangular waveguide flange. The variation in flatness between the flange and gasket along the inside wall is within 50 micrometer. This should present zero impedance for a bunched beam and for rf power. The He-super-leak performance was measured using the "build up method", i.e.the test was carried out for three hours at 2 degrees Kelvin. The measured He leak rate was below 1·10-13 Atm*cc/sec for a test flange after three successive tests. We describe the design concept and the operational experience at various rf frequencies. These span the frequency range corresponding to warm and cold accelerators.  
 
MOPLS095 Investigations of DC Breakdown Fields cathode, vacuum, CERN, CLIC 777
 
  • T. Ramsvik, S. Calatroni, A. Reginelli, M. Taborelli
    CERN, Geneva
  The need for high accelerating gradients for the future 30 GHz multi-TeV e+e- Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) at CERN has triggered a comprehensive study of DC breakdown fields of metals in UHV. The experimental setup is based on a capacitor discharge across a gap junction. The simple design and fully automated computer control enable breakdown fields and dark current of numerous materials to be measured. The study shows that Mo, W and Ti reach high breakdown fields, and are thus good candidates for the iris material of CLIC structures. For untreated Mo the breakdown field is higher than Cu but the conditioning speed is slower. Ti, on the other hand, shows acceptable conditioning speeds, but material erosion makes this solution problematic. Feasible solutions to increase the spark conditioning speed for the case of Mo are presented together with attempts to prevent Ti erosion. For some of the materials studied a significant reduction in the saturated breakdown field was observed upon gas exposure during intensive spark conditioning. As an example, a 50% decrease of the breakdown field of Mo is recorded when spark conditioning is carried out in an environment of 10-5 mbar air.  
 
MOPLS113 Commissioning of the ALTO 50 MeV Electron Linac linac, electron, target, quadrupole 825
 
  • J. Lesrel, J. Arianer, M. Arianer, O. Bajeat, J-M. Buhour, H. Bzyl, F. Carrey, M. Chabot, J.-L. Coacolo, T. Corbin, H. Croizet, J.-M. Curaudeau, F. Doizon, M. Ducourtieux, J.-M. Dufour, S. Essabaa, D. Grialou, C. Joly, M. Kaminski, H. Lefort, B. Lesellier, G. Magneney, L. Mottet, Y. Ollivier, C. Planat, M. Raynaud, Y. Richard, A. Said, A. Semsoum, F. Taquin, C. Vogel
    IPN, Orsay
  • G. Bienvenu, J-N. Cayla, M. Desmons
    LAL, Orsay
  The ALTO 50 MeV electron linac is dedicated to the production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei using the photo-fission process and the optimisation of the target-ion source system for SPIRAL 2 and Eurisol projects. A description of the accelerator consisting in 3 Mev injector (old test station of LAL), LIL accelerating structure, RF power plant, beam line, control system and diagnostics will be given. Specified and measured beam parameters will be compared to show the performance for the photo-fission and eventually other applications.  
 
MOPLS133 Preliminary Studies of Ion Effects in ILC Damping Rings damping, electron, TESLA, ion-effects 867
 
  • G.X. Xia, Eckhard. Elsen
    DESY, Hamburg
  Ion effects are potentially detrimental to the performance of the damping rings for the International Linear Collider (ILC). In this paper, the ion effects in the damping rings of ILC are briefly reviewed. Fast beam-ion instability (FBII) is studied in the linear regime. The growth rates and the beam blowups due to FBII are analytically calculated and compared for two variants of the ILC damping ring designs (OCS and TESLA) and discussed as a function of the vacuum pressure. Finally, some detailed simulation results are also presented.  
 
MOPLS136 Ion Effects in the Damping Rings of ILC and CLIC CLIC, damping, wiggler, vacuum 876
 
  • F. Zimmermann, W. Bruns, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  We discuss ion trapping, rise time of the fast beam-ion instability, and ion-induced incoherent tune shift for various incarnations of the ILC damping rings and for CLIC, taking into account the different regions of each ring. Analytical calculations for ion trapping are compared with results from a new simulation code.  
 
TUXPA02 RHIC Operational Status and Upgrade Plans RHIC, electron, luminosity, proton 905
 
  • W. Fischer
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Since 2000 RHIC has collided, at 8 energies, 4 combinations of ion species, ranging from gold ions to polarized protons, and including the collisions of deuterons with gold ions. During that time the heavy ion luminosity increased by 2 orders of magnitude, and the proton polarization in store reached 46% on average. Planned upgrades include the evolution to the Enhanced Design parameters by 2008, the construction of an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) by 2009, the installation of electron cooling for RHIC II, and the implementation of the electron-ion collider eRHIC. We review the expected operational performance with these upgrades.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUOAFI01 Development for New Carbon Cancer-therapy Facility and Future Plan of HIMAC linac, synchrotron, injection, rfq 955
 
  • K. Noda, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, N. Kanematsu, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kobayashi, M. Komori, S. Minohara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, S. Sato, E. Takada, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada, K. Yoshida
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • C. Kobayashi, S. Shibuya, O. Takahashi, H. Tsubuku
    AEC, Chiba
  • Y. Sato, M. Tashiro, K. Yusa
    Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma
  The first clinical trial with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. The total number of patients treated is now in excess of 2500 as of December 2005. Based on our 10 years of experience with the HIMAC, we have proposed a new carbon-ion therapy facility for widespread use in Japan. The key technologies of the accelerator and irradiation systems for the new facility have been developed since April 2004. The new carbon-therapy facility will be constructed at Gunma University from April 2006. As our future plan for the HIMAC, further, a new treatment facility will be constructed at NIRS from April 2006. The design work has already been initiated and will lead to the further development of the therapy with the HIMAC. The facility is connected with the HIMAC accelerator complex and has two treatment rooms with horizontal and a vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. We will report the development for new carbon therapy facility and the design study for new treatment facility with the HIMAC.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUYFI01 Gantry Design for Proton and Carbon Hadrontherapy Facilities proton, dipole, GSI, photon 964
 
  • U. Weinrich
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Using an isocentric gantry improves the efficiency and the flexibility of cancer treatments with ion beams (hadrontherapy). After an overview of the constraints imposed to these heavy equipments the gantries constructed for both proton and carbon ion facilities will be described. Finally, the new studies undertaken to decrease the cost of such equipments will presented.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUOCFI02 First Results of SNS Laser Stripping Experiment laser, proton, electron, SNS 980
 
  • V.V. Danilov, A.V. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, J. Barhen, Y. Braiman, D.L. Brown, W. Grice, S. Henderson, J.A. Holmes, Y. Liu, A.P. Shishlo
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  Thin carbon foils are used as strippers for charge exchange injection into high intensity proton rings. However, the stripping foils become radioactive and produce uncontrolled beam loss, which is one of the main factors limiting beam power in high intensity proton rings. Recently, we presented a scheme for laser stripping of an H- beam for the SNS ring. First, H- atoms are converted to H0 by a magnetic field, then H0 atoms are excited from the ground state to the upper levels by a laser, and the excited states are converted to protons by a magnetic field. This paper presents first results of the SNS laser stripping proof-of-principle experiment. The experimental setup is described, and possible explanations of the data are discussed.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
TUPCH010 Profile Measurement by Beam Induced Fluorescence for 60 MeV/u to 750 MeV/u Heavy Ion Beams background, vacuum, photon, heavy-ion 1013
 
  • P. Forck, C. Andre, F. Becker, H. Iwase
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • D. Hoffmann
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
  At the planned heavy ion facility FAIR very intense beams of heavy ions will be transported between various synchrotrons and focused on targets for secondary ion productions. For the transverse profile determination only non-destructive methods are suited due to the large deposed beam power. We investigated experimentally the Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) method. Due to the atomic collision by the beam ions the residual gas N2 is excited to fluorescence levels. Single photon detection is performed by a double MCP image intensifier coupled to a digital CCD camera. Extensive experimental studies (with the today available lower ion currents) were performed to determine the photon yield and the background contribution for different ion species and beam energies. The measured profiles show a good correspondence to other methods as long as the vacuum pressure by a regulated N2 inlet is below 10-1 mbar. Based on the experimental results, the layout for a BIF profile determination will be discussed.  
 
TUPCH011 Innovative Beam Diagnostics for the Challenging FAIR Project diagnostics, synchrotron, feedback, cryogenics 1016
 
  • P. Forck, A. Peters
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The planned FAIR facility consists of two heavy ion synchrotrons and four large storage rings. The super-conducting synchrotrons are build for high current operation and secondary ion production. A large variety of low current secondary beams is stored and cooled in the four storage rings. A complex operation scheme with multiple use of transport lines is foreseen. This demands an exceptional high dynamic range for the beam instrumentation. Due to the enormous beam power, non-destructive methods are mandatory for high currents. For the low current secondary beams, non-destructive diagnostics are also preferred due to the low repetition rate. Precise measurements of all beam parameters and automatic steering or feedback capabilities are required due to the necessary exploitation of the full ring acceptances. Moreover, online beam-corrections with short response times are mandatory for the fast ramping super-conducting magnets. Due to the ultra-high vacuum condition and the demanding measurement accuracy, novel technical solution are foreseen. An overview of the challenges and projected innovative solutions for various diagnostic installations will be given.  
 
TUPCH014 Machine Protection by Active Current-transmission Control at GSI-UNILAC UNILAC, controls, GSI, emittance 1025
 
  • H. Reeg, J. Glatz, N. Schneider
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • H. Walter
    Ing.-Buero H. Walter, Saulheim
  Toroidal beam current transformers (BCT) are installed at dedicated locations along the UNILAC accelerator. They provide an output signal with a fixed transimpedance. Dedicated signal pairs from consecutive transformers drive differential integrator stations. If preset protection levels are exceeded due to beam charge loss during the macro-pulse, fast interlock signals are generated. The actual beam pulse is instantaneously truncated by a fast beam chopper, avoiding any thermal damage or radio-activation of machine components.
A new BCT macro-pulse selector/display is presently under construction, which will provide time structure observation of multiple UNILAC macro-pulses, as well as long-term data logging. The hardware is set up with PXI components from National Instruments, running a multi-client/server controller software under LabViewRT®. Offline-analysis of the accumulated BCT data is expected to improve the protection system's operation and reliability. An overview of the system layouts, technical details, and relevant operational results will be presented. 		 
 
TUPCH015 Integrated Beam Diagnostics Systems for HICAT and CNAO controls, diagnostics, linac, GSI 1028
 
  • A. Reiter, A. Peters, M. Schwickert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  An integrated system for beam diagnostics was produced at GSI for the heavy-ion cancer treatment facility HICAT of the Heidelberg university clinics. A set of 92 manifold beam diagnostic devices allows automated measurements of the main beam parameters such as beam current, profile or energy. The beam diagnostic subsystem is completely integrated in the overall accelerator control system and its timing scheme. This paper reports on the underlying design patterns for the abstraction of the beam diagnostic devices towards the control system. Event-counting devices, i.e. scintillating counters and ionization chambers, are presented as examples of the diagnostic devices in the synchrotron and high-energy beam transport section of HICAT. Additionally, it is shown that the well-defined building blocks of the beam instrumentation made it possible to prepare almost identical devices including the manual control software, to be used in the CNAO facility (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) presently under construction in Pavia, Italy.  
 
TUPCH019 Laser-based Beam Diagnostic for the Front End Test Stand (FETS) at RAL laser, electron, emittance, dipole 1037
 
  • C. Gabor
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • D.A. Lee
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • A.P. Letchford
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  High power proton accelerators (HPPA) are required for several future projects like spallation sources or a neutrino factory. Compared with existing machines the beam power therefore has to be increased by a factor of 30. The Front end test stand at RAL is being built to demonstrate that a chopped Hminus beam of 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality, as required for all proposed Proton drivers, can be built. For the test stand a comprehensive set of beam diagnostics is also required. Due to the high beam energy and power non destructive diagnostic methods are favorable. Hminus beams offer the possibility to use intense laser light to detach the additional electron and use the produced particles for beam diagnostics. The principle is appropriate to determine the transversal beam density distribution as well as the transversal and longitudinal beam emittance in front and behind the RFQ. A detailed layout of the beam diagnostics including a discussion of the predicted spatial and temporal resolution and the dynamic range of the proposed devices will be presented.  
 
TUPCH030 A Beam Diagnostics System for the Heidelberg Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR CSR, diagnostics, electron, pick-up 1067
 
  • T. Sieber, H. Fadil, M. Grieser, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  The storage of rotationally non-excited molecules and highly charged ions requires lowest temperatures and vacuum pressures. At the MPI-K Heidelberg a cryogenic storage ring (CSR) for atomic and molecular physics experiments is under development. The CSR shall allow operation at temperatures of 2 K and pressures down to 1·10-15 mbar. The ring consists of electrostatic elements and has a circumference of ~35 m. It is housed inside a large cryostat, cooled by a (20W @ 2K) Helium refrigerator. To reach low UHV pressures already at room temperature the whole machine has to be bakeable up to 300°C. These boundary conditions, together with the low charge states, low velocities and low intensities (1nA-1muA) of the ions, put strong demands on the beam diagnostics system. Some beam parameters like profile, position and intensity cannot be measured with “standard” beam diagnostics technology. Here new or further developments are required. The paper gives a general view of the beam diagnostics concept for the CSR and shows in more detail possible solutions for measurement of beam position and beam profile.  
 
TUPCH036 Modelling of Diagnostics for Space Charge Studies on the ISIS Synchrotron space-charge, simulation, proton, synchrotron 1082
 
  • B.G. Pine, S.J. Payne, C.M. Warsop
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK produces intense neutron and muon beams for condensed matter research. It is based on a 50 Hz proton synchrotron which, once the commissioning of a new dual harmonic RF system is complete, will accelerate about 3.5·1013 protons per pulse from 70 to 800 MeV, corresponding to mean beam powers of 0.2 MW. Transverse space charge is a key issue for both present and proposed upgrades to the machine, and is the focus of current R&D studies. Experiments on the ISIS ring are central to this work, therefore understanding and quantifying limitations in present and proposed diagnostics is essential. This paper presents work studying and modelling the ISIS residual gas profile monitors, including the effects of non-uniformity in sweep fields, space charge and images. Progress on related work looking at other important diagnostics, e.g., position and envelope monitoring, will also be summarised.  
 
TUPCH037 Development of Emittance Scanner Software for ISIS emittance, controls, ion-source, target 1085
 
  • C.M. Thomas, D.C. Faircloth
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  Horizontal and vertical Faraday cup and slit scanners are used on ISIS, the 800MeV pulsed neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, to calculate the emittance of the beam. Software has been written in C++ to control the scanners, acquire and display beam data and compute an emittance value for the beam. The software allows the user more control, and has the ability to scan over a wider range, than was previously available.  
 
TUPCH065 A Prototype of Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitor for J-PARC RCS electron, space-charge, IPM, MCP 1163
 
  • K. Satou, N. Hayashi
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • S. Lee, T. Toyama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  A prototype of a residual gas ionization profile monitor (IPM) for J-PARC RCS has been developed. It consists of electrodes producing electric field to collect ionized ions/electrons, MCP as a signal read-out device, an electron generator to evaluate the gain balance of MCP channels, and a wiggler type magnet producing guiding field. The monitor has been installed in KEK-PS main ring and has been examined using proton beam. At the conference, recent preliminary results of experiments will be reported.  
 
TUPCH080 Bunched Beam Current Measurements with 100 pA rms Resolution at CRYRING pick-up, CRYRING, acceleration, background 1196
 
  • A. Paal, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  • J. Dietrich, I. Mohos
    FZJ, Jülich
  In CRYRING molecular beams with currents down to 1 nA are used for experiments. To extend the rms resolution of the bunched beam current measurements down to 100 pA, a BERGOZ Integrating Current Transformer (ICT) and one of the the capacitive pick-up's sum signal are integrated simultaneously. The absolute calibration of the pick-up integrator signal is carried out at the end of the acceleration stage, during 20-60 ms. The ion beam current can be measured over a pulse width range of 100 ns to 15 us with a 20-60% bunch duty cycle. For both detectors, low noise amplifiers and a differential input double integrator have been designed. A programmable phase shifter allows measurement of the beam current during the acceleration of the ions, generating a gate signal with proper phase for the integrators in the 30 kHz-3 MHz frequency range. The bandwidth of the integrators used is 100 Hz.  
 
TUPCH087 Beam Diagnostics with Schottky Noise in LEIR pick-up, CERN, injection, diagnostics 1214
 
  • J. Tan, G. Tranquille
    CERN, Geneva
  The high density Lead ion beams, needed for LHC, are obtained in the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) at CERN by multi-turn injection followed by electron cooling and stacking. During this injection and stacking phases where the circulating beam is unbunched, diagnostics with Schottky noise are used for probing essential beam parameters, such as tune, momentum spread, emittance and their evolution with time… The hardware facility and first results obtained during the recent commissioning of LEIR are described.  
 
TUPCH109 Ion-related Phenomenon in UVSOR/UVSOR-II Electron Storage Ring vacuum, single-bunch, electron, storage-ring 1265
 
  • A. Mochihashi, K. Hayashi, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, J. Yamazaki
    UVSOR, Okazaki
  • Y. Hori
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Y. Takashima
    Nagoya University, Nagoya
  A vertical betatron tune shift depending on beam current under multibunch condition was observed in the UVSOR storage ring. Vertical tune increased as beam current decreased, and the slope of the tune shift depended on the condition of the vacuum in the ring. Such a change in vertical tune was explained by a change in the stability condition of trapped ions*/** with the beam current. Based on a theoretical model*** that gives density of the trapped ions the experimental results were discussed via analytic and tracking calculations. Both the effect from the residual gas ions generated by scattering between high energy electrons and molecules and that from dissociated ions that come from secondary ionization processes have been discussed. In quest of the ion-related phenomenon in single-bunch condition, precise tune measurement has been also performed in the UVSOR-II storage ring. The experimental results in the single-bunch condition have been discussed. Precise measurement of vacuum pressure in the beam duct is a key issue of the ion-related phenomenon. A design of vacuum pressure measurement system via detecting residual gas fluorescence will be introduced in the presentation.

*R. D. Kohaupt. DESY Internal. Bericht No.H1-71/2 (1971). **Y. Baconnier and G. Brianti. CERN Internal Report No.CERN/SPS/80-2(DI) (1980). ***A. Mochihashi et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (2005) 430.

 
 
TUPCH147 High Pressure RF Cavities in Magnetic Fields pick-up, klystron, vacuum, resonance 1364
 
  • P.M. Hanlet, M. Alsharo'a, R. E. Hartline, R.P. Johnson, M. Kuchnir, K. Paul
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • C.M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D.M. Kaplan, K. Yonehara
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
  A study of RF breakdown in pressurized cavities immersed in strong magnetic fields has begun as part of a program to develop RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas to be used for muon ionization cooling. A pressurized 805 MHz test cell is being used at Fermilab to compare the conditioning and breakdown behavior of copper, molybdenum, and beryllium electrodes as functions of hydrogen and helium gas densities and magnetic field strength. These results will be compared to the predicted or known RF breakdown behavior of these metals in vacuum with and without external magnetic fields.  
 
TUPCH149 Design of a 10 MHz Heavy Ion RFQ for a RIA Post Accelerator rfq, heavy-ion, target, superconductivity 1370
 
  • S.O. Schriber, V. Andreev
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan
  Design of a 10 MHz heavy ion RFQ for the RIA post accelerator is described. Main rf and mechanical parameters of the proposed accelerator are given. This 10 MHz RFQ is capable of accelerating beams from an initial energy of 2 keV/u to 8 keV/u covering a charge to mass ratio from 1/10 to 1/240.  
 
TUPCH173 Understanding of Ion Induced Desorption Using the ERDA Technique target, vacuum, GSI, beam-losses 1423
 
  • M. Bender, H. Kollmus
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • W.A. Assmann
    LMU, München
  In heavy ion synchrotrons like SIS18 at GSI high energetic ions can impact on the beam pipe and release gas molecules. This so called "ion induced desorption" deteriorates the accelerator vacuum and as a consequence the beam life time and luminosity. To minimize the pressure increase it is necessary to understand the physics of ion induced desorption. The elastic recoil ion detection analysis (ERDA) can give a time resolved element specific depth profile of a probe under ion bombardment. A UHV-ERDA setup has been installed at GSI to investigate correlations between desorption and material properties as well as its dose dependant evolution. Recent experiments have shown the influence of the surface state of a sample such as the oxide layer on steel as well as the importance of a high-purity bulk such as in silicon and OFHC copper. We will present the results of gold coated copper in comparison to stainless steel as applicable materials for accelerators.  
 
TUPCH174 Vacuum Issues and Challenges of SIS18 Upgrade at GSI dipole, quadrupole, vacuum, GSI 1426
 
  • H. Kollmus, M.C. Bellachioma, M. Bender, A. Kraemer, J. Kurdal, H.R. Sprenger
    GSI, Darmstadt
  For the present experiment programm and for the planned FAIR facility the heavy ion synchroton SIS18 at GSI has to reach the space charge limit for highly and intermediate charged heavy ions. For the booster mode of SIS18 the number of 1x1012 ions per second in 4 Hz operation mode is specified. To achive this requirement a dynamic vacuum in the 10-12 mbar region has to be garanteed. The poster will present the status of recent R & D work concerning the SIS18 vacuum upgrade, with a focus on the new GSI NEG coating facility and on ion-induced desorption measurements using advanced ion beam analysis.  
 
TUPCH175 The Vacuum System of FAIR Accelerator Facility vacuum, cryogenics, cathode, quadrupole 1429
 
  • A. Kraemer, M.C. Bellachioma, H. Kollmus, H.R. Sprenger, St. Wilfert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The FAIR accelerator complex consists of two superconducting synchrotrons (SIS100 and SIS300) with a circumference of 1083.6m each, a high energy beam transport system (HEBT) with a total length of about 2.5km and four storage rings (CR, RESR, HESR and NESR). Their length varies between 200m and 550m. For each of the subsystems, different vacuum requirements have to be fulfilled. The vacuum system of SIS100 and SIS300 consists of cryogenic and bakeable room temperature sections, where a pressure in the lower 10-12 mbar range is needed. For HEBT, also a combination of cryogenic and room temperature sections, a vacuum pressure of 10-9 mbar is sufficient. The storage rings will be operated in a pressure range from 10-9 mbar to 10-12 mbar. In the poster a detailed layout of the vacuum systems and technical solutions will be presented.  
 
TUPLS001 Enhanced Optical Cooling of Ion Beams for LHC undulator, kicker, betatron, pick-up 1483
 
  • E.G. Bessonov, M.V. Gorbunkov
    LPI, Moscow
  • A.A. Mikhailichenko
    Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
  Enhanced optical cooling (EOC) of fully stripped lead ions in LHC is investigated. The method of EOC is based on the usage of pickup and kicker undulators and optical amplifier. External selectivity is arranged by a moving screen located on the image plane of the optical system, projecting the emitted undulator radiation there (see physics/0509196). Nonlinear features of cooling and requirements to the ring lattice, optical and laser systems are discussed. Comparison with classical optical stochastic cooling (OSC) is represented as well.  
 
TUPLS028 An Irradiation System for Carbon Stripper Foils with 750 keV H- Beams target, ion-source, KEK, linac 1550
 
  • A. Takagi, Y. Arakida, Z. Igarashi, K.I. Ikegami, C. Kubota, I. Sugai, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. Dairaku, N. Saito, A. Sato, K. Senzaki
    Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • Y. Irie
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  Carbon stripper foils of around 300 ug/cm2 will be used as a stripping of H-ion beam of the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the J-PARC. The foil should have a long lifetime with mechanically strong against high temperature of 1800K due to high-energy deposition by high intensity H-ion and circulating bunched proton beam irradiations. For this purpose, we have installed a new irradiation system using high intensity pulsed and dc H-beams of the KEK 750keV Cocksfoot-Walton accelerator. By adjusting the peak intensity and the pulse length of the hydrogen beams appropriately, the energy deposition becomes equivalent to that exerted by the incoming H- and the circulating beams at the injection process of the RCS. The new irradiation system and some preliminary results of the carbon stripper foil will be reported.  
 
TUPLS029 Optical Scheme of an Electrostatic Storage Ring quadrupole, storage-ring, lattice, simulation 1553
 
  • V. Aleksandrov, Yu. Kazarinov, V. Shevtsov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • R. Doerner, H. Schmidt-Boecking, K.E. Stiebing
    IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  We consider the optical scheme of an electrostatic storage ring for low energy heavy ions/molecules* with special requirements to type of optical functions. Results of calculation are presented.

*C. P. Welsch et al. Proc. of PAC’03, 12-16 May 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA, p.1622.

 
 
TUPLS031 Commissioning of the ISAC-II Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac at TRIUMF linac, acceleration, heavy-ion, vacuum 1556
 
  • R.E. Laxdal, W. Andersson, K. Fong, M. Marchetto, A.K. Mitra, W.R. Rawnsley, I. Sekachev, G. Stanford, V.A. Verzilov, V. Zviagintsev
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  A new heavy ion superconducting linac at TRIUMF is being installed to boost the final energy of radioactive beams from ISAC from 1.5MeV/u to above the Coulomb barrier. A first stage of 20MV consisting of five medium beta cryomodules each with four quarter wave bulk niobium cavities and a superconducting solenoid is being commissioned in early 2006. The cavities (Beta0=0.057, 0.071) operate cw at 106MHz with design peak fields of Ep=30MV/m, Bp=60mT while delivering an accelerating voltage of 1.08MV at ~4W power consumption. The report will summarize the commissioning results and early operating experience.  
 
TUPLS032 Superconducting Driver Linac for the New Spiral 2 Radioactive Ion Beam Facility GANIL rfq, linac, heavy-ion, ion-source 1559
 
  • T. Junquera
    IPN, Orsay
  The new Spiral 2 facility will deliver high intensity rare isotope beams for fundamental research in nuclear physics, and high neutron flux for multidisciplinary applications. Based into the ISOL and in-flight isotope production methods this facility will cover broad areas of the nuclide chart. The driver accelerator must deliver CW beams of deuterons (40 MeV, 5 mA) and heavy ions (q/A=1/3, 15 MeV/A, 1 mA). The injector is composed of two ion sources (deuterons and heavy ions) and a common RFQ cavity (88 MHz). The Superconducting Linac is composed of two sections of Quarter Wave Resonators (beta 0.07 and 0.12, frequency 88 MHz) with room temperature focusing devices. After two years of preliminary study, and following the recent decision to launch the construction phase, a complete design of the Driver Accelerator is presently completed. Important results have been obtained during the initial R&D phase, in particular on ion sources, RFQ and superconducting resonators prototypes. Status report on both the design and the prototype performances will be given in this contribution.  
 
TUPLS033 First Stage of a 40 MeV Proton Deuteron Accelerator Commissioning Results ion-source, rfq, proton, linac 1562
 
  • C. Piel, K. Dunkel, M. Pekeler, H. Vogel, P. vom Stein
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  In 2006 the first stage of a 40MeV superconducting linear accelerator for protons and deuterons will be commissioned at SOREQ. This paper will present commissioning of the ECR source after final assembly. First results of the 1.5MeV/u cw RFQ are expected, further test results of the beta=0.09 half wave superconducting resonators are presented, and resonator geometry improvements with respect to electron multipacting behaviour will be discussed. An outlook on the project with respect to achieve the final energy of 40MeV will be given.  
 
TUPLS034 UNILAC Upgrade Programme for the Heavy Element Research at GSI-SHIP linac, rfq, ion-source, target 1565
 
  • W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, S. Hofmann, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the field of heavy-element research using the velocity separator SHIP significant achievements were made at GSI during the last 30 years. The experiences obtained of experiments clearly show that superheavy-element research was always based on efforts to extend the limits of technical possibilities - of these the increase of beam intensity is one of the major contributions. This paper provides for technical information on the already planned upgrades of the present facility, which results in a significant overall increase of the experimental sensitivity. It is foreseen to investigate and to build a sc 28 GHz-ECR ion source, which should increase the primary beam intensities. The beam coming from the new ECR source will be delivered to the GSI-High Charge State Injector by a second LEBT-system. An upgrade program for the rf-amplifiers and the rf-structures is intended to increase the duty factor from 30 % to 50 %. Besides the ECR-source a new RFQ accelerator and the IH structure may alternatively serve as an injector for an new advanced stand alone accelerator providing for 100 % duty factor. Two different linac-layouts will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS035 The HITRAP Decelerator Project at GSI GSI, HITRAP, ESR, rfq 1568
 
  • L.A. Dahl, W. Barth, M. Kaiser, O.K. Kester, H.J. Kluge, W. Vinzenz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • B. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger, A.C. Sauer, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The heavy ion trap (HITRAP) at GSI is a funded project since 2004. Highly charged ions up to U92+ provided by the GSI accelerator facility will be decelerated and subsequently injected into a Penning trap for further cooling almost to rest. A combination of an IH- and an RFQ-structure decelerates the ions from 4 MeV/u down to 6 keV/u. In front of the decelerator a double-drift-buncher-system provides for phase focusing and a final debuncher integrated in the RFQ-tank reduces the energy spread in order to improve the efficiency for beam capture in the cooler trap. The report gives an overview of the final beam dynamic design of the entire decelerator. Besides the construction status of the cavities, particular beam diagnostic features due to the short pulses of 1 μs and 108 MHz bunch frequency, and the measures for technical and controls integration into the existing GSI accelerator complex are presented. Finally the recent time schedule and considerations for commissioning are shown.  
 
TUPLS036 Status of the Linac-commissioning for the Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility HIT rfq, GSI, linac, proton 1571
 
  • M.T. Maier, R. Baer, W. Barth, L.A. Dahl, C. Dorn, T.G. Fleck, L. Groening, C.M. Kleffner, C. Müller, A. Peters, B. Schlitt, M. Schwickert, K. Tinschert, H. Vormann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Cee, B. Naas, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A clinical facility for cancer therapy using energetic proton and ion beams (C, He and O) is under construction and will be installed at the Radiologische Universitätsklinik in Heidelberg, Germany. It consists of two ECR ion sources, a 7 MeV/u linac injector and a 6.5 Tm synchrotron to accelerate the ions to final energies of 50-430 MeV/u. The linac comprises a 400 keV/u RFQ and a 7 MeV/u IH-DTL operating at 216.8 MHz. In this contribution the current status of the linear accelerator is reported. After first tests with 1H+ beam of the RFQ at GSI, the commissioning of the accelerator in Heidelberg has already started. The commissioning with beam is performed in three steps for the LEBT, the RFQ and the IH-DTL. For this purpose a versatile beam diagnostic test bench has been designed. It consists of a slit-grid emittance measurement device, transverse pick-ups providing for time of flight energy measurements, SEM-profile grids and different devices for beam current measurements. This paper will provide for a status report of the linac-commissioning.  
 
TUPLS037 The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment rfq, resonance, ion-source, simulation 1574
 
  • U. Bartz, D. Ficek, N. Mueller, A. Schempp, J. Thibus, M. Vossberg
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The goal of the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is to multiply beam currents of RFQ accelerators at low energies to avoid problems with space charge. The two beams from the ion sources are injected into two RFQ channels. The last part of the RFQ electrodes have been replaced to achieve a 3d focus at the crossing point of the two beam axis where the funneling deflector as a central peace of the experiment is located. The newly designed multi-cell deflector is adapted to the optimised funneling section. It is mechanically solid, easy to tune in and ready for operation. First measurements will be presented.  
 
TUPLS038 The MAFF IH-RFQ Test Stand at the IAP Frankfurt rfq, ion-source, emittance, quadrupole 1577
 
  • A. Bechtold, D. Habs
    LMU, München
  • J. Fischbach, U. Ratzinger, J. Rehberg, M. Reichwein, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • J. Haeuser
    NTG Neue Technologien GmbH & Co KG, Gelnhausen
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The IH-type RFQ for the MAFF project at the LMU in Munich is presently under construction and will be integrated into a beam test stand at the IAP in Frankfurt. It is the second RFQ following the IH resonator concept and the first one that can be directly compared to a very similar 4-rod type machine, namely the REX-ISOLDE RFQ at CERN. The MAFF RFQ has been designed to accelerate rare isotope beams (RIBs) with mass to charge ratios up to 6.3 from 3 keV/u to 300 keV/u at an operating frequency of 101.28 MHz with an electrode voltage of 60 kV. First RF-measurements have already been executed and can be compared to appropriate simulation results. Parts of the test stand are currently under construction, such as the volume ion source for He+ at an extraction voltage of 12 keV and an electrostatic quadruplet for injection with an integrated steering system. These tests and accompanying theoretical investigations will be done with special respect to the applicability of such normal conducting RFQ accelerators to the EURISOL post accelerator.  
 
TUPLS039 Proposal of a Normal Conducting CW-RFQ for the EURISOL Post-accelerator and a Dedicated Beta-beam Linac Concept rfq, EURISOL, linac, emittance 1580
 
  • A. Bechtold, H. Podlech
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A combination of three superconducting RFQs has been proposed for the EURISOL post accelerator layout. At least the first RFQ of this triplet could be replaced by a normal conducting continuous wave (c.w.) device. Efficient cooling systems have already been designed and applied to existing machines at the IAP in Frankfurt. Preliminary electrode and cavity designs can be presented. Since a parallel use for beta-beam applications was intended, we have optimized the design not only for heavy ion applications with negligible beam currents at c.w. but also for lighter ions with currents up to 7.5 mA at pulsed operation. More recent investigations on beta-beams came up with currents around 50 mA, which then would make a separate linac solution for beta-beams necessary. We worked out some preliminary design suggestions for such a dedicated 100 MeV/u machine.  
 
TUPLS041 The HITRAP RFQ Decelerator at GSI rfq, GSI, HITRAP, emittance 1586
 
  • B. Hofmann, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The HITRAP linac at GSI will decelerate ions from 5 MeV/u to 6 keV/u for experiments with the large GSI Penning trap. The ions, provided by the GSI accelerator facility, will be decelerated at first in the existing experimental storage ring (ESR) down to an energy of 5 MeV/u, and injected into a new IH decelerator and decelerated to 5oo keV/u. The following 4- Rod type RFQ will decelerate the ion beam from 5oo keV to 6 keV/u. The RFQ has been designed and will be built at the Institute for Applied Physics in Frankfurt. The properties of the RFQ decelerator and the status of the project will be discussed.  
 
TUPLS045 Completion of the Commissioning of the Superconducting Heavy Ion Injector PIAVE at INFN-LNL emittance, rfq, booster, cryogenics 1597
 
  • G. Bisoffi, G. Bassato, A. Battistella, l. Boscagli, A. Calore, S. Canella, D. Carlucci, M. Cavenago, F. Chiurlotto, M. Comunian, M. De Lazzari, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, A. Galatà, P. Modanese, M.F. Moisio, A. Pisent, M. Poggi, A.M. Porcellato, P.A. Posocco, C. Roncolato, E. Sattin, S. Stark
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • N. Schiccheri
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  At INFN-LNL the commissioning of the injector PIAVE, based on superconducting RFQs, has been completed. All the superconducting cavities (two RFQs and 8 quarter wave resonators - QWR) have shown very satisfactory stability with respect to changes of the liquid helium pressure and microphonics. Beam parameters are very close to the nominal values. The commissioning was completed by accelerating the pilot beam 16O3+ with the PIAVE injector and the booster linac ALPI (summer 2005). Since December 2005, a number of test beams were accelerated (mainly noble gas species) with PIAVE and ALPI and delivered to user experimental stations. Regular operation will be scheduled from Fall 2006 onwards.  
 
TUPLS053 Beam Dynamics of a High Current IH-DTL Structure for the TWAC Injector rfq, emittance, quadrupole, synchrotron 1615
 
  • S. Minaev, T. Kulevoy, B.Y. Sharkov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  A powerful ion injector based on a laser ion source is needed for an efficient operation of the Tera Watt Accumulator (TWAC) complex including a heavy ion synchrotron and a storage ring, which is under progress now at ITEP, Moscow. The Interdigital H-type drift tube linac (IH-DTL) structure operating at 162 MHz is proposed for the second stage of the injector linac behind of a 81 MHz RFQ. Consisting of independently driven sections with inter-tank quadrupole triplet focusing, this structure will accelerate highly stripped ions with charge-to-mass ratios above 1/3 in the energy range from 1.57 MeV/u at the RFQ exit to 7 MeV/u. Beam currents up to 100 mA are expected for medium ions like Carbon or Aluminum. Since the rf frequency is duplicated at the entrance of the IH-DTL in order to reduce size as well as power consumption, space charge effects are dominant at full current. Beam dynamics and structure parameters are discussed in detail.  
 
TUPLS054 The Isochronous Mode of the Collector Ring emittance, closed-orbit, quadrupole, octupole 1618
 
  • S.A. Litvinov, A. Dolinskii, H. Geissel, F. Nolden, M. Steck, H. Weick
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The isochronous mode of a storage ring is a special ion-optical setting in which the revolution time of circulating ions of one species does not depend on their velocity spread. In this mode the ring can be used for mass measurement of exotic nuclei. The Collector Ring (CR) [1] of the FAIR project [2] will operate in such mode as time-of-flight spectrometer for short-lived exotic nuclei (T1/2 > 20 μs) produced and selected in flight with the Super-FRS fragment separator [3]. This technique has been developed at the ESR [4]. The dependence of the revolution time in the isochronous ring from its transverse acceptance, the closed orbit distortion, and nonlinear imperfection of the magnet field was investigated analytically and with a Monte-Carlo simulation. The corresponding results will be presented.

References: [1] A. Dolinskii et. al., GSI Annual Report, 2004 [2] W. Henning, Nucl. Phys. A721 (2003)211c [3] H. Geissel, et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B204 (2003)71 [4] M. Hausmann et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 446 (2000)569

 
 
TUPLS058 New Prestripping Section of the MILAC Linear Accelerator Designed for Accelerating a High Current Beam of Light Ions focusing, acceleration, heavy-ion, controls 1627
 
  • A.P. Kobets, V.A. Bomko, O.F. Dyachenko, Ye.V. Ivakhno, M.S. Lesnykh, Z.O. Ptukhina, V.N. Reshetnikov, S.S. Tishkin, V.P. Yashin, A.V. Zabotin, B.V. Zajtsev, V.G. Zhuravlev
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  In the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, the works on construction of a new prestripping section of the multicharge ion linear accelerator (MILAC) is performed. The task is set to provide acceleration of high current beams of light ions for research works on radiation material engineering and applied investigations. The new prestripping section is designed for accelerating ions with A/q=4 up to the energy of 1 MeV/u; after stripping they will be accelerated in the main section up to the energy of 8.5 MeV/u. Special operational mode will allow to increase noticeably the repetition rate with the same power consumption. The calculation results on beam dynamics in the structure with alternating phase focusing in the version with the stepped change of the synchronous phase, and calculations of electrodynamic characteristics of the accelerating structure of the interdigital type. The peculiarities of the construction of the accelerating structure are described.  
 
TUPLS061 Design of a Low Energy Electron Cooler for the Heidelberg CSR electron, CSR, dipole, target 1630
 
  • H. Fadil, M. Grieser, D. Orlov, A. Wolf
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  The electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR) is currently being designed at MPI-K in Heidelberg. This ring will utilize electrostatic deflectors and focusing elements, and will store ions with kinetic energies in the range 20~300 keV (E/Q) to be mainly utilized in atomic and molecular physics experiments. The CSR will be equipped with a compact magnetic electron cooler, which will serve the double purpose of phase space compression of the stored ion beam as well as an electron target for recombination experiments. The cryogenic photocathode source, developed for the Heidelberg TSR, will be used to provide extremely cold magnetically guided electron beams. The maximum cooling electron energy is 165 eV and the usual operation energy for 20 keV protons will be about 10 eV. The cooler will fit in the 2.8 m straight section of the ring. The device will be installed inside the outer vacuum chamber of the CSR, and the magnetic confinement of the electrons will be provided with high temperature superconducting coils. The design of the magnets of the CSR electron cooler will be presented in this paper.  
 
TUPLS062 Cooling Rates at Ultra-low Energy Storage Rings electron, storage-ring, simulation, antiproton 1633
 
  • C.P. Welsch, C.P. Welsch
    CERN, Geneva
  • A.V. Smirnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  Electrostatic low-energy storage rings have proven to be a highly flexible tool, able to cover experiments from a variety of different fields ranging from atomic, nuclear and molecular physics to biology and chemistry. Future machines will decisively rely on efficient electron cooling down to electron energies as low as some eV, posing new challenges to the cooler layout and operation. The BETACOOL code has already been successfully applied for the layout and optimization of a number of different electron coolers around the world. In this contribution, the results from calculations of the cooling rates at future low-energy machines equipped with an internal target like the Ultra-low energy Storage Ring (USR) at the Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) are presented.  
 
TUPLS063 Layout of the USR at FLAIR storage-ring, electron, antiproton, positron 1636
 
  • C.P. Welsch, C.P. Welsch
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Grieser, J. Ullrich, A. Wolf
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  The Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) and a large part of the wide physics program decisively rely on new experimental techniques to cool and slow down antiprotons to 20 keV, namely on the development of an ultra-low energy electrostatic storage ring (USR). The whole research program connected with anti-matter/matter interactions is only feasible if such a machine will be realized For the USR to fulfil its key role in the FLAIR project, the development of novel and challenging methods and technologies is necessary: the combination of the electrostatic storage mode with a deceleration of the stored ions from 300 keV to 20 keV, electron cooling at all energies in both longitudinal and transverse phase-space, bunching of the stored beam to ultra-short pulses in the nanosecond regime and the development of an in-ring reaction microscope for antiproton-matter rearrangement experiments. In this contribution, the layout and the expected beam parameters of the USR are presented and its role within FLAIR described. The machine lattice and the cooler parameters are summarized.  
 
TUPLS064 Design and Commissioning of a Compact Electron Cooler for the S-LSR electron, cathode, gun, proton 1639
 
  • H. Fadil, S. Fujimoto, A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Souda, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • T. Fujimoto, S.I. Iwata, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • I.A. Seleznev, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The ion cooler ring S-LSR has been constructed and commissioned in October 2005. The ring successfully stored a 7 MeV proton beam. The S-LSR is equipped with a compact-electron cooler which has a cooling solenoid length of 0.8 m, a toroid bending radius of 0.25 m and maximum magnetic field in the cooling section of 0.5 kG. The commissioning of the electron cooler was carried out with successful observation of both longitudinal and horizontal cooling of the proton beam. By varying the electric potential on the Pierce electrode in the gun, we have investigated the possibility of generating a hollow shaped electron beam, and studied its effect on the electron cooling process. Also the effect of the electrostatic deflector, installed in the toroid section in order to compensate the drift motion of the secondary electrons, was investigated. The design and results of the commissioning of the compact electron cooler are presented.  
 
TUPLS065 Beam Commissioning of Ion Cooler Ring, S-LSR electron, proton, vacuum, laser 1642
 
  • T. Shirai, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • H. Fadil
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • T. Fujimoto, H. Fujiwara, S.I. Iwata, S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • I.N. Meshkov, I.A. Seleznev, A.V. Smirnov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  S-LSR is a new ion cooler ring constructed in Kyoto University. The circumference is 22.557 m and the maximum magnetic rigidity is 1 Tm. The constructiion and the vacuum baking had been finished in September, 2005. The beam commissioning was started since October, 2005. The injected beam is 7 MeV proton from the existing linac. The beam circulation test and the electron beam cooling were carried out successfully and the beam information and the characteristics of the ring were measured. One of the subjects of S-LSR is a realization of the crystalline beams using the electron and laser cooling. The lattice of S-LSR was designed to suppress the beam heating as much as possible and we also present such measurement results in this paper.  
 
TUPLS066 Peculiarities of Electron Cooler Operation and Construction at Ultra Low Energy in an Electrostatic Ring electron, cathode, target, KEK 1645
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  Few projects of electrostatic rings with electron cooler are discussed now. Electron cooling at low electron energy of 10 eV was realized at the KEK electrostatic ring. The electron cooling permits to suppress the ion multi scattering on residual gas atoms and allows increasing the ion lifetime. Peculiarities of an electron cooler operation and construction at ultra low energy in an electrostatic ring are considered. The cooler gun operation regime is cardinally changed at a reduction of the electron energy to a value comparable with a cathode work function. A virtual cathode and ohmic resistance of cathode emitter give an input in beam formation at ultra low energy. Effective electron cooling of heavy atomic and bimolecular ions at mass of 100-1000 is reached at a small photocathode diameter of 1 mm and a high magnetic expansion factor of 10-1000. The electron cooler construction has traditional design in KEK electrostatic ring. The cooler construction can be simplified at a small circumference of electrostatic ring. Straight cooler schemes without toroidal magnets permit to reduce ring space required for electron cooler.  
 
TUPLS068 LEIR Electron Cooler Status electron, gun, vacuum, injection 1651
 
  • G. Tranquille, V. Prieto, R. Sautier
    CERN, Geneva
  • A.V. Bubley, V.V. Parkhomchuk
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The electron cooler for LEIR is the first of a new generation of coolers being commissioned for fast phase space cooling of ion beams in storage rings. It is a state-of-the-art cooler incorporating all the recent developments in electron cooling technology (adiabatic expansion, electrostatic bend, variable density electron beam…) and is designed to deliver up to 600 mA of electron current for the cooling and stacking of Pb54+ ions in the frame of the ions for LHC project. In this paper we present our experience with the commissioning of the new device as well as the first results of ion beam cooling with a high-intensity variable-density electron beam.  
 
TUPLS073 Formulae for Linear-field Non-scaling FFAG Accelerator Orbits lattice, betatron, proton, resonance 1666
 
  • M.K. Craddock
    UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia
  • S.R. Koscielniak
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  Non-scaling FFAG accelerators using constant-gradient F and D magnets with their fields decreasing outwards can compact ion orbits for a wide range of momentum (e.g., 1:2) into a narrow radial range. Designs to accelerate protons, ions and muons are currently being studied for proton drivers, cancer therapy facilities and neutrino factories. In this paper, analytic formulae are reported for some basic orbit properties, helping to make clear their dependence on the various design parameters and momentum. For the designs tested so far the numerical results are in excellent agreement with those obtained using lattice codes.  
 
TUPLS078 Design Studies of the Compact Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadron Therapy cyclotron, injection, extraction, simulation 1678
 
  • Y. Jongen, W. Beeckman, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S.E. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve
  • V. Aleksandrov, G.A. Karamysheva, Yu. Kazarinov, I.N. Kian, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  An overview of the current status of the design of the compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 able to deliver ion beams with a charge to mass ratio of 0.5 is given. This cyclotron is based on the design of the current PT (proton therapy) C230 cyclotron and will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium or carbon ions. 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H2+ ions will be accelerated to the energy 260MeV and extracted by stripping. Computer modeling results on the axial injection system, magnetic system, inflector and center design are given. Results of simulations of the ion beam injection, acceleration and extraction are presented.  
 
TUPLS081 Flat Beams and Application to the Mass Separation of Radioactive Beams emittance, dipole, quadrupole, heavy-ion 1687
 
  • P. Bertrand
    GANIL, Caen
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  • D. Uriot
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The notion of flat beam is now well established and has been proven theoretically and experimentally with applications for linear colliders. In this paper, we propose a new and simple demonstration of the "flat beam theorem", and a possible application in the frame of radioactive ion beams (RIB) production. It consists in using a magnetized multi-specie heavy ion beam extracted from a high frequency ECR source, decoupling the transverse phase planes in such a way to obtain a very small emittance in the horizontal one, and using a dipole to separate the isotopes. A design of such a transport and separation line will be proposed and commented.  
 
TUPLS083 A Low Energy Accumulation Stage for a Beta-beam Facility electron, injection, accumulation, SPS 1693
 
  • A. Källberg, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  • M. Lindroos
    CERN, Geneva
  The EU supported EURISOL Design Study encompasses a beta-beam facility for neutrino physics. Intense electron (anti-)neutrino beams are in such a machine generated through the decay of radioactive ions in a high energy storage ring. The two main candidate isotopes for the generation of a neutrino and an anti-neutrino beam are 6He2+ and 18Ne10+. The intensities required are hard to reach, in particular for the neon case. A possible solution to increase the intensity is to use an accumulator ring with an electron cooler. Critical parameters such as cooling times and current limitations due to space charge and tune shifts are presently being optimized. We will in this presentation give an overview of the low energy accumulation stage and review recent work on this option.  
 
TUPLS084 Estimation of Decay Losses and Dynamic Vacuum for the Beta-beam Accelerator Chain vacuum, acceleration, SPS, proton 1696
 
  • M. Benedikt, A. Fabich
    CERN, Geneva
  • M. Kirk, C. Omet, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The beta-beam is based on the acceleration and storage of radioactive ions. Due to the large number of ions required and their relatively short lifetime, beam losses are a major concern. This paper estimates the decay losses for the part of the accelerator chain comprising the CERN PS and SPS machines. For illustration purposes, the power deposition in these accelerators is compared to that expected for nominal CNGS proton operation. The beam losses induced vacuum dynamics is simulated and the consequences for machine operation are discussed.  
 
TUPLS085 Stacking Simulations in the Beta-beam Decay Ring injection, CERN, collimation, simulation 1699
 
  • S. Hancock
    CERN, Geneva
  • A. Chancé
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The so-called beta-beam concept for accelerator-driven neutrino experiments envisages the production of a pure beam of electron neutrinos (or their antiparticles) through the beta-decay of radioactive ions circulating in a high-energy storage ring. An unprecedented number of ions must be collected in the decay ring and maintained in a few short bunches. Stacking is unavoidable to match the available source rates with this demand. A new stacking method makes use of off-momentum injection into the decay ring to approach the circulating beam without requiring ultra-fast injection elements, rotation in the longitudinal plane to bring the fresh bunches onto the central orbit and asymmetric merging to transport these ions into the centre of the large stack. Simulation results are presented for the complete repetitive stacking process for two candidate ion species of significantly different charge-to-mass ratio.  
 
TUPLS086 Charge Breeding Exploration with the MAXEBIS electron, GSI, HITRAP, injection 1702
 
  • H.Z. Zimmermann
    LMU, Garching
  • R. Becker, M.K. Kleinod
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  • O.K. Kester
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The demand of exotic ions prior to their injection into an accelerator has driven the development of the charge breeding method. Existing facilities like REX-ISOLDE or ISAC at TRIUMF are already using a charge state booster for the post acceleration of radioactive ions. Planned facilities like EURISOL for instance have identified the need of a breeding system. In order to be comparable to the efficiency to a brut force acceleration employing stripper, the efficiency of a charge breeder has to be maximized and the breeding time has to be shortened comparing the existing breeder systems. Therefore the exploration and optimization of the charge state breeding is mandatory and supported by the EU. The Frankfurt MAXEBIS has been modified within the past years towards high current electron beam and external injection of alkaline ions by a surface ionisation source. The electron gun, the inner electrode structure and the collector of the MAXEBIS have been modified. The system has been shipped to GSI and re-assembled. The goals of the following experiments will be systematic studies of the breeding efficiency. The new setup and first experimental results will be presented.  
 
TUPLS087 Recent Gains in Polarized Beam Intensities for the Cooler Synchrotron COSY at Jülich COSY, cyclotron, synchrotron, ion-source 1705
 
  • R. Gebel, O. Felden, R. Maier, P. von Rossen
    FZJ, Jülich
  Since January 1996, the cyclotron JULIC operates as the injector of H(-) or D(-) beams for the cooler synchrotron COSY at the IKP of the Forschungszentrum Juelich. Routinely about 8 microA of unpolarized or 1 microA of pola­rized H(-) ions are delivered for charge-exchange injection into COSY. A polarization in excess of 90 % was measured for protons inside the synchrotron COSY. Additionally, polarized and unpolarized D(-) ions have been delivered to experiments. A sequence of up to eight different polarization states for deuterons has been provided for experiments. By advancing the components of the polarized ion the number of polarized particles for injection into the cyclotron has been increased by a factor of three to 5,5x1012 protons, delivered in a 20 ms pulse with a repetition rate of 2 seconds. This report sums up the charac­teristics of the ion sources and the cyclotron in their present mode of opera­tion and de­scribes the achievements towards higher beam intensities as well as for providing unpolarized and polarized H(-) and D(-) beams with high reliability.  
 
TUPLS088 Energy Distribution of H- Ions from the ISIS Ion Source controls, ion-source, focusing, cathode 1708
 
  • D.C. Faircloth, J.W.G. Thomason
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • G. Doucas, M. Haigh, I. Ho-ching Yiu, J. Morrison
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  We have used a specially designed retarding field energy analyzer with a resolution (Δ E /E) of approximately 2 x 10 -4 in order to measure the energy distribution, under different operating conditions, of the H- beam of the ISIS ion source. The poster presents the details of the analyzer and the first results obtained on the Ion Source Test Facility at RAL.  
 
TUPLS089 Pseudospark-sourced Beams of Electrons and Ions electron, cathode, acceleration, brightness 1711
 
  • A.W. Cross, W. He, A. Phelps, K. Ronald, H. Yin
    USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow
  A pseudospark discharge has undergone intensive studies with regard to its unusual and interesting discharge properties during last fifteen years. The pseudospark attracts significant attention from diverse fields such as pulsed-power switching, electron beam generation, free electron masers, ion beam generation, extreme-ultraviolet radiation sources, microthrusters and pseudospark-triggered wakefield acceleration. This paper will present experiments and measurements of pseudospark-sourced electron and ion beams for accelerators. Pulsed electron beams with current intensity over 108 Am-2, high brightness up to 1012A m-2 rad-2 and emittance of tens of mm mrad were produced from a multi-gap pseudospark discharge. The transportation of the pseudospark electron beams is also investigated in order to produce high peak current, high quality, short (~100 picosecond) or long duration (2~100ns) high-brightness electron beam pulses. Recent results from a high current density pseudospark-produced ion beam experimentally investigated with hydrogen gas will be presented.  
 
TUPLS090 LEBT Simulations and Ion Source Beam Measurements for the Front End Test Stand (FETS) emittance, ion-source, simulation, space-charge 1714
 
  • S. Jolly, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • J.J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
    CCLRC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J.K. Pozimski
    CCLRC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators, including proton drivers for pulsed neutron spallation sources and neutrino factories. Optimisation of the beam focussing within the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) is necessary to minimise beam losses upon acceleration within the FETS RadioFrequency Quadrupole (RFQ). Simulations of the LEBT are currently under way using the General Particle Tracer package (GPT). Previous envelope calculations suggest weak and strong focussing solutions for the LEBT solenoids. Definitive beam dynamics simulations in GPT require further measurements of the transverse emittances and beam profile of the ion source beam, due to the sensitivity of the simulations on the initial beam profile and level of space charge compensation. A pepperpot emittance/profile measurement system has been designed for use on the ISIS ion source development rig. Results from this pepperpot system are used to constrain the initial conditions for the GPT simulations.  
 
TUPLS092 Implementations on the RF Charge Breeder Device BRIC with Test Measurements MCP, electron, extraction, simulation 1717
 
  • V. Variale, A. Boggia, T. Clauser, A.C. Rainò, V. Valentino
    INFN-Bari, Bari
  • P.A. Bak, G.I. Kuznetsov, B.A. Skarbo, M.A. Tiunov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) production with ISOL technique should require a charge breeder device to increase the ion acceleration efficiency and reduce greatly the production cost. The "charge state breeder" BRIC (BReeding Ion Charge) is based on an EBIS source and it is designed to accept RIB with charge state +1 and increase their charge state up to +n. BRIC has been developed at the INFN section of Bari (Italy) during these last 3 years with very limited funds and it has been assembled at the LNL (Italy) laboratory. BRIC could be considered as a solution for the charge state breeder of the SPES project under study also at the LNL. The new feature of BRIC, with respect to the classical EBIS, is given by the insertion, in the ion drift chamber, of a Radio Frequency (RF) - Quadrupole aiming to filtering the unwanted masses and then making a more efficient containment of the wanted ions. The RF test measurements seem confirm, as foreseen by simulation results* that a selective containment can be obtained. Most accurate measurements, however, are needed and for that implementations of the system have been carried out.

*V. Variale and M. Claudione. "BRICTEST: a code for charge breeding simulations in RF quadrupolar field", NIM in Phys. res. A 543 (2005) 403-414.

 
 
TUPLS093 AG Acceleration using DPIS laser, target, rfq, plasma 1720
 
  • T. Kanesue, K. Ishibashi
    Kyushu University, Hakozaki
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • K. Sakakibara
    RLNR, Tokyo
  We are investigating high current and high repetition rate ion production methods for various heavy ions which can be utilized for an injector of an FFAG accelerator. Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) is one of the candidates of the ion production methods and to confirm the capability of the DPIS, we are now preparing for accelerating high intensity Ag15+ ions. The DPIS uses a combination of Laser Ion Source (LIS) and RFQ linac. The plasma goes into the linac directly without transportation line and the ions are extracted at RFQ entrance. To determine the specifications of new RFQ electrodes, the plasma properties were measured. With the Nd-glass laser (3 J / 30 ns), we could not obtain high charge state ions. A new Nd-YAG laser (2.3 J / 6 ns) enabled us to observe many high charged ions and the most produced ions were Ag15+. We completed the plasma distribution measurements. Based on these results, we designed the new RFQ, which will accommodate Q / M = 1 / 8 particles, supposing Ag+15.  
 
TUPLS094 Development of a Permanent Magnet Microwave Ion Source for Medical Accelerators permanent-magnet, ion-source, proton, linac 1723
 
  • S. Hara, T. Iga, M. Tanaka
    Hitachi, Ltd., Power & Industrial Systems R&D Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken
  A permanent magnet microwave ion source was developed to improve availability of proton accelerator application systems based on industrial microwave ion source technologies. The ion source needs no filament in the discharge chamber, which leads to reliability improvement and less maintenance time. Because the ion source uses a permanent magnet, the ion source needs no coils, no coil power and no coil coolant. The hydrogen beam of over 60 mA has been extracted from a single 5mm diameter aperture with a proton fraction of 85% at a microwave power of 1.3kW. Rise times of the microwave power and beam current to 90 % of the final value were about 30 and 100μseconds respectively at a pulse operation mode with 400μseconds pulse width and 20 Hz repetition rate. These performance parameters are equal to the solenoid coil ion source parameters, making the ion source desirable for accelerator applications like proton therapy systems.  
 
TUPLS096 Strongly Focused He+ Beam Source for Alpha Particle Measurement at ITER plasma, extraction, diagnostics, ion-source 1726
 
  • K. Shinto, S. Kitajima, A. O. Okamoto, M. Sasao
    Tohoku University, Sendai
  • Y. H. Hirano, S. Kiyama, H. S. Sakakita
    AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
  • O. Kaneko, M. Nishiura
    NIFS, Gifu
  • M. Wada
    Doshisha University, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto
  A He+ beam source for He0 beam probe for measurement of fusion produced alphas due to D-T nuclear reaction in a thermonuclear fusion plasma has been designed and constructed. The ion source consists of a 300 mm diameter and 280 mm length plasma chamber and a beam extraction system which has three concaved electrodes. Helium plasma is confined by line cusp magnetic fields produced by Sm-Co permanent magnets. The magnetic field strength near the extraction region is designed to be less than 20 gauss. Through the 100 mm diameter extraction area of the concaved electrodes 300 beamlets are formed with apertures of 4 mm. The focal length of the concaved electrodes is designed to be 750 mm. The beam quality of the extracted He+ beam will be measured by several beam diagnostic apparatuses. The total beam current, the beam profile and the beam emittance will be measured to design a proper alkali metal vapor cell for a He- beam production by a double charge exchange process and a beam transport line to the post accelerator up to MeV region. In the article, the details of the ion source and the beam diagnostic system will be described.  
 
TUPLS097 Application of DPIS to IH Linac plasma, linac, laser, target 1729
 
  • J. Tamura, J. Hasegawa, T. Hattori, N. Hayashizaki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito
    Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  We are now designing a Laser Ion Source (LIS), which will be operated with an Inter-digital H (IH) structure linac using the Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS). The DPIS has been applied to RFQ linacs and has successfully achieved very high current with simple structure. The IH structure linac was designed to accept 40 keV proton beam which could be produced by the DPIS. The combination of the DPIS and IH structure linac will realize quite compact accelerator complex with intense proton beam. The detailed design study of a plasma production chamber with a cryogenic cooler is investigated.  
 
TUPLS099 The New 14 GHz Ion Source for the U-400 Heavy Ion Cyclotron ion-source, plasma, cyclotron, resonance 1732
 
  • M. Leporis, V.B. Bekhterev, S.L. Bogomolov, A. Efremov, G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, Yu. Yazvitsky
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The new 14 GHz ion source DECRIS-4, to be used as a second injector of heavy multiply charged ions for the U-400 cyclotron and, in the future, also as a "charge breeder" (the "1+ -> n+" method) for the second phase of the DRIBs project, has been designed and constructed at the FLNR. The main feature of the ion source design is the creation of the extended resonance zone in a comparatively compact ECRIS. For this purpose the axial magnetic field is formed with a flat minimum by mounting only one additional solenoid coil to the classical CAPRICE magnetic structure. In this case the superposition of the axial magnetic field and the radial field of the permanent magnet hexapole, made from NdFeB, allows one to create a larger resonance volume. First results of the ion source tests show that in this resonance volume electrons are heated very efficiently which allows to produce intense beams of medium charge state ions with comparatively low level of input microwave power. The basic design features, construction issues and the first results of ion source tests are presented.  
 
TUPLS100 Generation of Highly Charged Ions Using ND-glass Laser laser, target, plasma, vacuum 1735
 
  • A. Kondrashev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • T. Kanesue
    Kyushu University, Fukuoka
  • M. Okamura
    RIKEN, Saitama
  • K. Sakakibara
    RLNR, Tokyo
  The parameters of ions (charge state distributions, currents and pulse durations) were measured in laser plasma generated by 3 J/30 ns Nd-glass laser for wide range of elements from 12C to 181Ta and for different laser power densities at the target surface. It is shown that such a laser can effectively generate highly charged ions for elements from 12C to 56Fe. Registered ion charge states significantly drops for heavier elements because of recombination losses of highly charged ions during laser produced plasma expansion into vacuum. Absolute currents and numbers of ions with different charge states were obtained by normalization of charge state distributions summary on total ion currents measured by Faraday cup for 1011 W/cm2 and 1012 W/cm2 laser power densities at the target surface. The results obtained are very useful for Laser Ion Source (LIS) development, in particular, for Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) study*.

*M. Okamura et al. Laser and Particle Beams, 20, 2002, pp. 451 - 454.

 
 
TUPLS103 Further Development of a Low Inductance Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc (LIZ-MeVVA) Ion Source plasma, extraction, vacuum, electron 1738
 
  • B.M. Johnson
    APS, Ridge
  • E. Garate, R. McWilliams, J.P. Sprunck, A. van Drie
    University of California IIrvine, Irvine, California
  • A. Hershcovitch
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  A Low Impedance Z-Discharge Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc (LIZ-MeV) ion source* is being explored as an alternate pre-injector for the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). With the vacuum arc operating at tens of kiloamperes and an aluminum electrode, LIZ-MeV has been run in two regimes: an LC dominated "ringing" arc of period 4.1 microseconds, which decays after about 6 cycles, and a 1-3 microsecond wide "pulsed" arc, where a small series resistance has been added to critically damp ringing. Metal ions are extracted from the plasma using a two-grid system with a triggered, variable-delay voltage of up to 10 kV. Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurements are taken using a Faraday cup located at the end of a 15-76 cm drift tube. TOF measurements from both arc regimes have been obtained suggesting generation of about a billion ions per pulse of charge states +1 and +2, and occasionally +3 states. TOF results are compared with simple theoretical models.

*B. M. Johnson, et al. Two approaches to electron beam enhancement of the metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. Laser and Particle Beams 21, 103 (2003).

 
 
TUPLS104 Matching of High Intensity Ion Beams to an RFQ: Comparison of PARMTEQ and IGUN Simulations rfq, simulation, emittance, ion-source 1741
 
  • R. Becker, R.A. Jameson
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The classical way of matching an ion source to the low energy accelerator RFQ generally is performed by adjusting the matching optics of the LEBT to provide the rms ellipse twiss parameter requirements of the RFQ shaper section. By matching to the rms parameters (the equivalent rms beam method) the actual shape of the distribution plays a smaller role according to F. Sacherer. In many cases, however, the matching optics are creating not only aberrations to the ion beam but also a very non-elliptical shape of the emittance figure, and a more exact match may be required. As a way out, an ion extraction program (IGUN) has been modified to also take into account the rf-focusing of non-modulated RFQ vanes in the shaper section. This makes it feasible to use this program for the simulation from the ion source plasma until the beginning of modulation inside the RFQ, and it can also handle dc fields in the injection region of the RFQ. In order to demonstrate the differences of both approaches we apply them to well defined experimentally proved designs of RFQ shaper sections.  
 
TUPLS105 Sputter Probes and Vapor Sources for ECR Ion Sources plasma, cathode, electron, ion-source 1744
 
  • M. Cavenago, A. Galatà, M. Sattin
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • T. Kulevoy, S. Petrenko
    ITEP, Moscow
  Sputter probes are a promising method for injecting controlled quantities of metallic elements inside ECRIS ion source, provided that sputter rate can be controlled, so that high charge states and low sample consumption rate will be attained. Moreover pressure at the probe and inside source should be different. With a simple differential pumping scheme and a sputter probe at 25 mm from ECRIS plasma, a 200 nA current of 120Sn18+ was easily obtained. Typical results (for Sn and Ti) of an inductively heated rf oven are discussed for comparison. Improvements of sputter probe concept and geometry are also described.  
 
TUPLS108 Realization of Thick Hybrid Type Carbon Stripper Foils with High Durability at 1800K for RCS of J-PARC DIAMOND, injection, vacuum, linac 1753
 
  • I. Sugai, K. Hara, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Hattori, K.K. Kawasaki
    RLNR, Tokyo
  • Y. Irie, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  The J-PARC requires thick carbon stripper foils (250-500 ug/cm2) to strip electrons from the H-beam supplied by the linac before injection into a 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron. The 200 MeV H- beam from the linac has a pulse length of 0.5 ms with a repetition rate of 25 Hz and an average beam current of 335 uA. By much energy deposition of these high-intensity H- and circulating bunched beams, commercially available best stripper foils (CM) will break in a very short time and even a diamond foil will rupture at around 1800K by MW class accelerators. We have realized for first time the hybrid boron doped carbon stripper foils with long life time for J-PARC. The foils of 250-500 ug/cm2 were made by a controlled DC arc-discharge method. The lifetime was tested by using 3.2 MeV Ne+ DC beam of 2.5 uA and 750 keV H- DC beam of 500 uA, in which a significant amount of energy was deposited in the foils. The maximum lifetime was extremely long, 120- and 480-times than those of diamond and CM foils. The foils were also free from any shrinkage, and showed low thickness reduction rate even at high temperature of 1800K during long time irradiation of 90h.  
 
TUPLS119 Design Study of the Axial Injection System of C400 Cyclotron cyclotron, quadrupole, injection, ion-source 1786
 
  • V. Shevtsov, V. Aleksandrov, Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • Y. Jongen, D. Vandeplassche
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve
  Computer modeling results on the axial injection system design are given. Results of simulations of the Carbon, Hydrogen and Helium ion beam injection are presented.  
 
TUPLS129 EURISOL 100 kW Target Stations Operation and Implications for its Proton Driver Beam target, proton, EURISOL, SNS 1807
 
  • E. Noah, F. Gerigk, J. Lettry, M. Lindroos, T. Stora
    CERN, Geneva
  Targets for the next generation radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities (RIA, EURISOL) will be subjected to energy deposition levels that call for a specific design of the target and ion source assembly to dissipate the deposited heat and to extract and ionize isotopes of interest efficiently. EURISOL, the next generation European RIB facility, plans to operate four target stations in parallel, three 100 kW direct targets and one 5 MW spallation neutron source with a GeV proton linac driver. The nature of the beam sharing has yet to be defined because in practice it will have a direct impact on target design, operation and lifetime. Splitting the beam in time implies that each target would be subjected to a pulsed beam, whose pulse width and repetition cycle have to be optimized in view of the RIB production. The 100 kW targets are expected to have a goal lifetime of three weeks. Target operation from the moment it is installed on a target station until its exhaustion involves several phases during which the incident proton beam intensity will vary. This paper discusses challenges for high power targetry at EURISOL, with an emphasis on requirements for the proton linac parameters.  
 
TUPLS141 Measured Residual Radioactivity Induced by U Ions of Energy 500 MeV/u in a Cu Target target, GSI, radiation, radioactivity 1834
 
  • E. Mustafin, H. Iwase, E. Kozlova, D. Schardt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A. Fertman, A. Golubev
    ITEP, Moscow
  • R. Hinca, M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik
    STU, Bratislava
  • N. Sobolevskiy
    RAS/INR, Moscow
  Several laboratories in the world have started or plan to build new powerful ion accelerators. These facilities promise to provide very valuable tools for experiments in fundamental nuclear physics, physics of high energy density in matter and for medical applications as well. One of the most important problems that have to be solved during the design stage is the radiation protection of the accelerator. Due to the complexity, it is hardly possible to obtain reliable radionuclide production data for accelerator structure materials from radiation transport codes. Thus, the experimental data which can be measured at the presently existing facilities are necessary for the evaluation of the induced levels of radioactivity around intense heavy ion accelerators. The Uranium beam losses are the most dangerous ones in the FAIR facility. Results of the measurement of activation induced by U beam with energy of E = 500 MeV/u in the copper target are presented in this paper.  
 
WEOBPA02 LEIR Commissioning LHC, injection, controls, linac 1876
 
  • C. Carli, P. Beloshitsky, L. Bojtar, M. Chanel, K. Cornelis, B. Dupuy, J. Duran-Lopez, T. Eriksson, S.S. Gilardoni, D. Manglunki, E. Matli, S. Maury, C. Oliveira, S. Pasinelli, J. Pasternak, F. Roncarolo, G. Tranquille
    CERN, Geneva
  The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is a central piece of the injector chain for LHC ion operation, transforming long Linac 3 pulses into high density bunches needed for LHC. LEIR commissioning is scheduled to be completed at the time of the conference. A review of LEIR commissioning highlighting expected and unexpected problems and actions to tackle them will be given.  
slides icon Transparencies
 
WEIFI01 How to Create a Business out of Manufacturing Linacs linac, proton, synchrotron, cyclotron 1911
 
  • R.W. Hamm, M.E. Hamm
    AccSys, Pleasanton, California
  AccSys Technology, Inc. was established in 1985 by the author and several colleagues to sell ion linacs based on the new linac technology that had just been developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The company is now the leading manufacturer of turn-key ion linacs for several markets worldwide. This paper will describe the history of AccSys and how it has survived more than 20 years manufacturing these specialized products. The similarities of AccSys' history to that of a small electron linac manufacturer established in 1970 will also be described to provide a general concept of what is required to create a business out of manufacturing linacs.  
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WEPCH007 Beam Dynamics Studies for the Spiral-2 Project SPIRAL2, linac, dipole, proton 1930
 
  • J.-L. Biarrotte
    IPN, Orsay
  • P. Bertrand
    GANIL, Caen
  • D. Uriot
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The SPIRAL-2 superconducting linac driver, which aims to deliver 5 mA, 20 A.MeV deuterons and 1 mA, 14.5 A.MeV q/A=1/3 heavy ions, is now entering the construction phase. It is composed of an injector composed of two ECR sources entering a 88 MHz RFQ, followed by a superconducting section based on independently phased quarter-wave cavities with warm focusing. This paper presents the status of the beam dynamics studies recently performed during this construction phase: consolidation and freezing of the linac design, update of the mass separation system or analysis of the proton capability.  
 
WEPCH008 The Beta-beam Decay Ring Design injection, lattice, insertion, resonance 1933
 
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The aim of the beta-beams is to produce highly energetic beams of pure electron neutrino and anti-neutrino, coming from beta radioactive decays of the 18Ne10+ and 6He2+, both at gamma = 100, directed towards experimental halls situated in the Frejus tunnel. The high intensity ion beams are stored in a ring until the ions decay. Consequently, all the injected particles will be lost anywhere in the ring, generating a high level of losses. The ring circumference has to be a multiple of the SPS circumference. The straight sections must be as long as possible in order to maximize the useful neutrino flux. The straight section length is chosen to be about 35% of the circumference length, which gives 1-km-long arcs. The bend field in the arcs is then reasonable. The arc has been chosen as a 2Pi phase advance insertion, which improves the optical properties (dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance) and allows the easy determination of the working point by the optics of the straight sections.  
 
WEPCH009 Loss Management in the Beta-beam Decay Ring dipole, collimation, injection, lattice 1936
 
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The aim of the beta-beams is to produce pure electronic neutrino and anti-neutrino highly energetic beams, coming from beta radioactive disintegration of the 18Ne10+ and 6He2+, both at gamma = 100, directed towards experimental halls situated in the Frijus tunnel. The high intensity ion beams are stored in a ring, until the ions decay. Consequently, all the injected particles will be lost anywhere around the ring generating a high level of losses. In order to keep a constant neutrino flux, the losses due to the decay of the radioactive ions are compensated with regular injections. The new ion beam is then merged with the stored beam with a specific RF program Two sources of losses have been considered: -The beta-decay products: their magnetic rigidity being different from the reference one, they are bent differently and lost. -The losses during the injection merging process. The first one needs a particular ring design in order to insert appropriate beam stoppers at the right place. The second one needs a specific collimation system which allows beam longitudinal halo cleaning between two successive injections.  
 
WEPCH017 Front-to-end Simulation of the Injector Linac for the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre simulation, linac, rfq, quadrupole 1957
 
  • R. Cee
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • C.M. Kleffner, M.T. Maier, B. Schlitt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  The injector linac of the Heidelberg ion beam therapy centre is currently in the commissioning phase. Its main components are two electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) and an interdigital H-type drift tube linac (IH-DTL). It will be able to accelerate beams of hydrogen-, helium-, carbon- and oxygen-ions up to a specific energy of 7 MeV per nucleon. This contribution focuses on the beam dynamics simulation of the transport lines and the accelerating structures. Three dedicated tools have been employed: Mirko for the beam transport, RFQmed for the particle dynamics through the RFQ and LORASR for the acceleration in the IH-DTL. Between the different beam dynamics codes interfaces have been implemented and a front-to-end simulation has been performed. Comparisons with alternative programmes confirm the results obtained. The work will enable us to investigate the behaviour of the machine in a theoretical model during the forthcoming operating.  
 
WEPCH018 Finite Elements Calculations of the Lattice and Ring Acceptance of the Heidelberg CSR CSR, quadrupole, lattice, storage-ring 1960
 
  • H. Fadil, M. Grieser, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  A new Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR) is currently being designed at MPI-K in Heidelberg. This electrostatic ring, which will store ions in the 20~300 keV energy range (E/Q), has a total circumference of 35.2 m and a straight section length of 2.8 m. The ring design was at first carried out with the optics code MAD in the first order approximation. Further investigation of the optics was performed with the finite elements electrostatic code TOSCA. The individual elements of the CSR (deflectors and quadrupoles) were calculated then a model of the entire ring was simulated with successful storage (tracking) of 20keV protons for many turns. The lattice parameters thus obtained were compared with the MAD results and show good agreement. The dynamic ring acceptance was also calculated for the standard operating point.  
 
WEPCH032 Orbit Correction System for S-LSR Dispersion-free Mode proton, closed-orbit, kicker, electron 1993
 
  • H. Souda, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, T. Shirai, M. Tanabe
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • H. Fadil
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  An ion storage ring S-LSR has been constructed at ICR, Kyoto Univ. It is a small ring with 22.557m circumference, and has an electron cooler and laser cooling section to achieve crystalline beam. In the commissioning process, closed orbit correction of a 7MeV proton beam has been successfully realized by means of Simplex Method. Responses to the correctors are linear only within narrow limits because of the space-charge effect in the electron cooler. Therefore, the correction must be repetition of small corrections. Under such condition, measured COD has been reduced less than 0.1mm. Orbit correction is necessary for 35keV Mg+ dispersion-free mode* using both bending magnets and electrostatic deflectors. Since electrostatic deflectors have relatively large field errors, it needs a special process to inject the beam into the dispersion-free mode ring. First circulation is under only the magnetic field, then, the electric field will be added little by little applying continuous COD correction. In this way the dispersion gradually diminishes with keeping stable orbit. In this paper we present the correction scheme and the trial to the dispersion-free circulation.

*M. Ikegami et al. Phys. Rev. ST-AB, 7, 120101-1 (2004).

 
 
WEPCH046 Design and Validation with Measurements of the LEIR Injection Line optics, quadrupole, dipole, linac 2020
 
  • F. Roncarolo, C. Carli, M. Chanel, L.D. Dumas, R. Scrivens
    CERN, Geneva
  The CERN Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) commissioning started in the year 2005. O4+ and Pb54+ 4.2 MeV/nucleon ion beams are transferred from Linac 3 to LEIR through a low energy transfer line, for which the constraints and the resulting optics design are presented. First trajectory and dispersion measurements agreed only poorly with the theoretical model. Iterations of a refined optics model and further measurements improved the agreement between experimental observations and expectations. In particular, the effect of quadrupolar errors in the line dipole magnets is discussed.  
 
WEPCH082 Simulation of Ions Acceleration and Extraction in Cyclotron C400 resonance, cyclotron, acceleration, extraction 2113
 
  • Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve
  • G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E. Samsonov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The Belgian company IBA, together with scientists of the JINR in Dubna is designing a superconducting isochronous cyclotron for therapy by Carbon beams. The new cyclotron C400 has to deliver carbon ions with energy 400 MeV/amu and protons with energy close to 250 MeV. The cyclotron has a compact type superconducting magnet, with a pole radius of 187 cm. The axial focusing is provided by four sectors, with a spiral angle increasing to a maximum value close to 70° at maximum energy. With this design, an axial betatron frequency is maintained during most of the acceleration. The beam acceleration is provided by two spiral dees located in opposite valleys. The dee voltage increases from 100 kV at the center to 200 kV at extraction. The paper presents the analysis of the beam acceleration in the proposed new cyclotron. During the acceleration, several resonance lines are crossed, but the paper demonstrates that this resonance crossing is done without damaging the beam properties. Extraction of the Carbon ions is done by an electrostatic deflector, followed by magnetic correctors. Protons are extracted at lower energy by stripping 2H+1 ions.  
 
WEPCH101 Ion Motion in the Adiabatic Focuser electron, emittance, focusing, plasma 2149
 
  • A. Sessler, E. Henestroza, S. Yu
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  The Adiabatic Focuser* works by having a focusing channel whose strength increases with distance down the channel. In this situation electrons of various energies and various transverse oscillation phase all are transversely focused. The concept works with external focusing, but would be very effective in a plasma ion focusing channel where the density of ions is simply increased as one goes down the channel. In the original work (Ref 1) motion of the ions was not included (as it was assumed to be a small effect). Recently, it has been suggested that ion motion in an adiabatic focuser would be significant and, even, preclude operation of the focuser as previously envisioned**. In this paper we numerically study the ion motion in the focuser. The ions clearly influence each other and, most importantly, are influenced by the electric field of the electrons being focused. It is shown that parameters can be selected such that the adiabatic focuser works as well as originally envisioned.

*P. Chen et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1231 (1990).**J. R. Rosenzweig, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 195002 (2005).

 
 
WEPCH103 Ion Effects in the Electron Damping Ring of the International Linear Collider damping, electron, emittance, ion-effects 2155
 
  • L. Wang, T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • A. Wolski
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  Ion-induced beam instabilities and tune shifts are critical issues for the electron damping ring of the International Linear Collider (ILC). To avoid conventional ion trapping (multi-turn trapping), a long gap is introduced in the electron beam by omitting a number of successive bunches out of a long train. However, the beam can still suffer from the fast ion instability (FII), driven by ions that last only for a single passage of the electron bunches. Our study shows that the ion effects can be significantly mitigated by using multiple gaps, so that the stored beam consists of a number of relatively short bunch trains. The ion effects in the ILC damping rings are investigated using both analytical and numerical methods.  
 
WEPCH107 Contributors to AIRIX Focal Spot Size target, emittance, electron, simulation 2164
 
  • N. Pichoff, M. Caron, F. Cartier, D.C. Collignon, A. Compant La Fontaine, G. Grandpierre, L.H. Hourdin, M. Mouillet, D.P. Paradis
    CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
  High intensity electron beam focusing is a key issue for the successful development of flash radiography at hydro test facilities. AIRIX is a 2 kA, 19 MeV, 60 ns, single shot linear accelerator that produces X-rays from the interaction between relativistic electrons and a Tantalum solid target (Ta). A simulation tool has been developed to model the pulsed-beam dynamics through the accelerator from the cathode to the target. This simulator has allowed to estimate the contribution to the beam size on the target (focal spot) of beam emittance, pulse energy dispersion, pulse rising and falling fronts and the ion production on the target. The quantified contributions of these phenomena are reviewed here.  
 
WEPCH117 Beam Dynamics of an Integrated RFQ-drifttube-combination rfq, simulation, GSI, ion-source 2191
 
  • A. Bechtold, M. Otto, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt-am-Main
  In the frame of a collaboration with the GSI in Darmstadt an RFQ-Drifttube-Combination for the Heidelberg cancer therapy center HICAT has been designed, built and successfully beam tested at the IAP Frankfurt. The integration and combination of both an RFQ and a rebunching drifttube unit inside a common cavity forming one single resonant RF-structure has been realized for the first time with this machine. The results of the beam measurements and questions about the beam dynamics simulations of such a combination have been investigated in detail with the code RFQSIM.  
 
WEPCH125 New Design Tools for a Cyclotron Central Region cyclotron, emittance, injection, simulation 2215
 
  • D. Battaglia, L. Calabretta, D. Campo, M.M. Maggiore, L.A.C. Piazza, D. Rifuggiato
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  A code that allows us to design the spiral inflector and the central region of the SCENT cyclotron was implemented. The code integrates the main equations of motion of a particle in an electromagnetic field and provides an useful interface to describe the geometry and the physical constraints of the inflector and the central region to be simulated. The mechanical drawings of the inflector and the central region is made using a standard CAD. These drawings are then imported in OPERA 3D to produce the maps of the electric and magnetic field. An application interface allows us to enter the emittance and the particles’ distributions to be transported through the inflector. An iterative process to design the central region was also developed and tested.  
 
WEPCH126 Issues in Modelling of Negative Ion Extraction plasma, extraction, electron, scattering 2218
 
  • M. Cavenago
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • V. Antoni, F. Sattin
    CNR/RFX, Padova
  In the context of negative ion sources proposed for neutral beam injectors for tokamaks, halo of the extracted beam is typically large (about 10 %) and optimum shape of the multiaperture extraction electrode is a matter of research. Present designs range from an aperture angle of 45 degree (low current, convergent beam) to 90 degrees (flat electrode, high current, large divergence and halo). Two major difficulties of the beam extraction modelling are here discussed. First, the generation processes of negative ion show some shortcomings: volume production seems low; wall production is large, but ions have wrong directions and/or large nonuniformity in current density; elastic scattering of wall generated ions into the extraction direction must compete with mutual neutralization. Second, the plasma sheath charge has to be negative on the extraction hole surface and positive on the nearby wall surface, which enhances beam aberration near hole edge. After discussing limitation of existing codes and model, result from an ad hoc code are discussed. Also 2D equation for the selfconsistent electrostatic field can be written and implemented into a multiphysics general purpose program.  
 
WEPCH134 Development of Code for Simulation of Acceleration of Ions from Internal Source to End of Extraction System in Cyclotrons and Preliminary Design Study of 8MeV Cyclotron for Production of Radioisotopes cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, simulation 2236
 
  • S.A. Kostromin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  From the users' point of view modern cyclotrons must be compact, energy-saving, low-radiation and very reliable facilities. To provide all these characteristics, a very detailed design study of all systems of an accelerator under development is required. Thus, particle tracking from the "beginning" to the "end" in modern cyclotrons with small gaps in the main acceleration region and with efficient extraction systems becomes a very important task for designers. Codes for beam dynamics simulation at the center, main acceleration region and through the extraction system of the cyclotron have been developed. It is possible to monitor all main beam parameters at the different stages of acceleration, radial, axial and phase motion of the beam and the energy increase. During tracking particles through the extraction system it is possible to calculate rms envelopes of radial and vertical motion of the beam and beam losses at the aperture of the extraction system elements. A preliminary design of a compact 8-MeV proton cyclotron was studied using created codes. The accelerator is supposed to have a four sector compact magnet system with the pole 64 cm in diameter.  
 
WEPCH137 FAKTOR2: A Code to Simulate the Collective Effects of Electrons and Ions electron, simulation, LEFT, CLIC 2242
 
  • W. Bruns, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
    CERN, Geneva
  A new code for computing the multiple effects of slowly moving charges is being developed. The basic method is electrostatic particle in cell. The underlying grid is rectangular and locally homogeneous. At regions of interest, e.g., where the beam is, or near material boundaries, the mesh is refined recursively. The motion of the macroparticles is integrated with an adapted timestep. Fast particles are treated with a smaller timestep, and particles in regions of fine grids are also treated with a fine timestep. The position of collision of particles with material boundaries is accurately resolved. Secondary particles are then created according to user-specified yield functions.  
 
WEPCH157 Design and Beam Dynamics Simulation for the Ion-injector of the Austrian Hadron Therapy Accelerator simulation, proton, synchrotron, extraction 2296
 
  • Th. Strodl
    ATI, Wien
  MedAustron is an initiative for the construction of the Austrian Hadron Therapy Centre. In 2004 the design study was presented. The basic design consists of two ion sources, an ion-injector, a synchrotron and a beam transfer line with five possible beam exits. The synchrotron is based on the proton ion medical machine study (PIMMS) design with some modifications. The injector is based on the GSI design of the Heidelberg ion therapy cancer accelerator with the original radio frequency quadrupole and IH-Linac. Modifications have been done in the design of the low energy beam transport and the medium energy beam transport lines. The impact of these modifications has been investigated, and several other beam scenarios have bean simulated with different simulation codes.  
 
WEPCH158 Status of the Hadrontherapy ETOILE-Project in Lyon proton, radiation, GSI, hadron 2299
 
  • M.J. Bajard
    UCBL, Villeurbanne
  The ETOILE project is the French program for carbon ion beams in cancer treatment. It is now in the final phase. However its development is not only aiming at the building of a medical facility, around the project a broad set of medical and scientific programs have been initiated. The project has been supported by the University of Lyon and extended to the Rhône-Alpes Region and then gained a national visibility with governmental recognition. Many studies have been financed by ETOILE: in beam PET with new solutions, organ motion modelization, tumor cell radioresistance, medico-economical simulation and epidemiological previsions. The facility will be able to produce carbon ion beams and protons. Three treatment rooms are planned, two with horizontal beams and one with an isocentric gantry. The facility will be build in Lyon, through a process using as much as possible well established technology with the other facilities in Europe. The cost will be around 105 M€ afforded by loans and subventions. The subventions are funded from the Rhône-Alpes Region, the city of Lyon and the ministries of Health and Research. The running cost of the centre, for one thousand patients per year, is estimated to be 21 M€.  
 
WEPCH159 Accelerator Systems for Particle Therapy synchrotron, proton, GSI, beam-transport 2302
 
  • S.P. Møller, F.S. Albrechtsen, T. Andersen, A. Elkjaer, N. Hauge, T. Holst, I. Jensen, S.M. Madsen
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  • K. Blasche, B. Franczak
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • S. Emhofer, H.K. Kerscher, V.L. Lazarev, H. Rohdjess
    Siemens AG, Medical Solutions, Erlangen
  Danfysik and Siemens have entered a cooperation to market and build Particle Therapy* systems for cancer therapy. The systems are based on the experience from GSI together with a novel design of a synchrotron and Siemens experience in oncology. The accelerator systems will include an injector system (7 MeV/u proton and light ions), a synchrotron and a choice of fixed-angle horizontal and semi-vertical beamlines together with gantry systems. The slowly extracted beam will cover the energy ranges of 48-250 MeV for protons and 88-430 MeV/u for carbon ions. The extraction time will be up to 10s with intensities well beyond the needs of scanning beam applications. We will describe the layout of such a system and present details on some of the subsystems.

*Particle Therapy is a work in progress and requires country-specific regulatory approval prior to clinical use.

 
 
WEPCH168 Development toward Turn-key Beam Delivery for Therapeutic Operation at HIMAC extraction, heavy-ion, quadrupole, emittance 2325
 
  • T. Furukawa, T. Kanai, K. Noda, S. Sato, E. Takada, M. Torikoshi, S. Yamada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • M. Katsumata, T. Shimojyu, T. Shiraishi
    AEC, Chiba
  Since 1994, more than 2500 cancer patients have been treated by carbon ion beam at HIMAC. To increase the number of patients per day, we have studied the reproducibility of the beam quality, such as the position, profile and intensity, during the operation. For this purpose, the accelerator needs high reproducibility to minimize the beam tuning time with more flexible scheme. Further, the irradiation system and the accelerator need to ensure dose uniformity. As a result of this study, it was found that a slight change of the magnetic field in the transport line would not affect the beam quality. However, a slight change of the horizontal tune strongly affects the beam quality because of a resonant slow-extraction. In this paper, we report about our investigation and present result of the development.  
 
WEPCH169 Alternating Phase Focused IH-DTL for Heavy-ion Medical Accelerators linac, rfq, acceleration, emittance 2328
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Fujisawa, T. Furukawa, S. H. Hojo, M. Kanazawa, N. M. Miyahara, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, K. Noda, H. Ogawa, Y. S. Sakamoto, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Fujimoto, T. Takeuchi
    AEC, Chiba
  • T. Mitsumoto, H. Tsutsui, T. Ueda, T. Watanabe
    SHI, Tokyo
  Tumor therapy using HIMAC has been performed at NIRS since June 1994. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, a number of projects to construct these complexes have been proposed over the world. Since existing heavy-ion linacs are large in size, the development of compact linacs would play a key role in designing compact and cost-effective complexes. Therefore, we developed an injector system consisting of RFQ and Interdigital H-mode (IH) DTL having the frequency of 200 MHz. The injector system can accelerate carbon ions up to 4.0 AMeV. For the beam focusing of IH-DTL, the method of Alternating Phase Focusing (APF) was employed. With the IH structure and rather high frequency, the cavity size is compact; the radius is 0.4 m, and lengths of RFQ and IH-DTL are 2.5m and 3.5m respectively. The fabrication of RFQ was completed, and we succeeded to accelerate carbon ions with satisfactory performances. For IH-DTL, the full-scale model was first fabricated. With the encouraging result* of its electric field measurement, we constructed IH-DTL and beam acceleration tests will be performed in March 2006. We will present the performances of the entire injector system.

*Y. Iwata et al., Nucl Instr. & Meth in Phys. Res. A (submitted).

 
 
WEPCH170 Development of Intensity Control System with RF-knockout Extraction at the HIMAC Synchrotron controls, extraction, synchrotron, heavy-ion 2331
 
  • S. Sato, T. Furukawa, K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  We have developed a dynamic intensity control system toward scanning irradiation at the HIMAC Synchrotron. In this system, for controlling the spill structure and intensities of the beams extracted from the synchrotron, the amplitude of the RF-knockout is controlled with the response of 10 kHz. Its amplitude modulation (AM) function is generated based on an analytical one-dimensional model of the RF-knockout slow-extraction. In this paper, we describe the system for controlling amplitude modulation including feedback and the experimental result.  
 
WEPCH181 Ion Implantation Via Laser Ion Source laser, plasma, target, extraction 2355
 
  • F. Belloni, D. Doria, A. Lorusso, V. Nassisi
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  We report on the development of a new implantation technique via laser ion source. By applying a high voltage on the accelerating gap, this compact device was able to accelerate towards a substrate ions from ablation plasma. The occurrence of arcs during the extraction phase was a major problem to overcome. A pulsed KrF laser was utilized to produce plasma by ablation of solid targets. Radiation wavelength and pulse duration were 248 nm and 20 ns, respectively. The laser beam, 70 mJ per pulse, was focused onto different targets in a spot of about 1 mm2 in surface, obtaining an irradiance value of about 3.5 x 108 W/cm2. The implanted samples were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Implantations of Al, Cu and Ge on Si substrates were carried out up to 80 nm in depth, operating at 40 kV acceleration voltage. Ion dose was estimated by Faraday cup diagnostics. It was of the order of 1010 ions/cm2 per pulse.  
 
WEPCH183 Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Steel by Nitrogen Ion Implantation ion-source, electron, target, controls 2361
 
  • B.S. Kim, S.-Y. Lee
    Hankuk Aviation University, KyungKi-Do
  • K. R. Kim, J.S. Lee
    KAERI, Daejon
  This article reports the study of mechanical properties of high chromium steel after N-ion implantation. The samples are implanted with 120keV N-ion at doses ranging from 1x1017ions/square cm to 4x1018ions/square cm. Mechanical properties of implanted samples are compared with those of Cr-plated samples. The compositions of the N-ion implanted layer were measured by Auger electrons spectroscopy(AES). Their mechanical properties as a function of N-ion doses were characterized by nano-indentation, sliding and impact wear tests. The results reveal that the hardness and mechanical properties of ion implanted samples were found to depend strongly on the ion doses. The hardness of the N-ion implanted sample with 2x1018ions/? was measured to be approximately 9 GPa, which is approximately 2.3 times higher than that of un-implanted sample (H=3.8 GPa). Also wear properties of N-ion implanted samples with 2x1018ions/? were largely improved ;compared to the Cr-plated samples, the width of wear track and friction coefficient developed on the N-ion implanted samples are about 60% and 40% smaller, respectively.  
 
WEPCH184 Mechanical Properties of WC-Co by Nitrogen Ion Implantation: Improvement of Industrial Tools ion-source, cathode, heavy-ion, vacuum 2364
 
  • Y. Noh, B.Y. Kim, K. R. Kim, J.S. Lee
    KAERI, Daejon
  Ion implantation of WC-Co has been widely investigated for the improvement of wear resistance, but rarely for friction behavior. Although friction is closely associated with wear, more factors influence friction than wear, and low wear does not generally lead to low friction w6x. Therefore, we focus our study on the effects of ion implantation on the mechanical properties in WC-Co cermets, with particular interest in tool industry applications.  
 
WEPCH186 Present Status of FFAG Accelerators in KURRI for ADS Study controls, acceleration, booster, proton 2367
 
  • M. Tanigaki, M. Inoue, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya
    KURRI, Osaka
  • S. Fukumoto, Y. Ishi
    Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe
  • S. Machida
    CCLRC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • Y. Mori
    KEK, Ibaraki
  KART (Kumatori Accelerator driven Reactor Test) project is in progress at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) since fiscal year 2002. We are now constructing a 150 MeV proton FFAG accelerator complex as a neutron production driver for this project. The whole of this FFAG complex is expected to be in the test operation around the spring in 2006. The developments and the current status of this accelerator complex, including the current status of this project, will be presented.  
 
WEPCH190 A Ridge Filter for 36 MeV Proton Beam Applied to BT and ST proton, simulation, target, radioactivity 2379
 
  • Y.K. Lim, K. R. Kim
    KAERI, Daejon
  We designed a ridge filter to obtain a uniform depth-dose distribution as well as to deliver high linear energy transfer along the depth of a target for 36MeV proton beam. Aluminum was chosen as the material of the filter to reduce the radioactivity induced by proton irradiation. The designed ridge filter has a continuous cross-sectional line shape of ridges so that the smoothly varying depth-dose distribution can be maintained before the distal fall-off for lower proton energy than 36MeV. The height of the ridge is 6 mm, its period is also 6 mm and the minimum thickness is 0.3 mm. A Monte Carlo simulation code, MCNPX 2.5.0., was used to calculate the dose distributions. The width of the calculated uniform dose region was 11 mm for 36MeV proton beam in a water-equivalent sample.  
 
WEPCH191 The Design and Manufacture of a 300 keV Heavy Ion Implanter for Surface Modification of Materials ion-source, acceleration, target, extraction 2382
 
  • J.S. Lee, Jae-Keun Kil. Kil, C.-Y. Lee
    KAERI, Daejon
  A 300keV ion implanter has been designed for studies of surface modification of several materials by ion beam. The purpose of design is domestic development of the basic technology for the high energy ion implanter. The main point of design is production, acceleration and transportation of high nitrogen ion beam current up to 5mA and ion energy up to 300keV. 300keV ion implanter consists of Duo-PIGatron ion source, einzel lens, mass separation magnet, acceleration tube, magnetic quadrupole doublet, electrostatic scanner and target. Beam optics design carried out where space charge effect in the acceleration tube and second order aberrations in the mass separation magnet were considered. The mass numbers range from 1 to 140 and the resolving power M/ΔM is 131. Implanter control system includes fiber optics links for the monitoring and control of the ion source parameters in the high voltage zone and computer system for the characterization of the ion beam and whole control of an implantation process.  
 
WEPCH195 Status of the Russian Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Project ion-source, target, tandem-accelerator, vacuum 2391
 
  • M. Petrichenkov, N. Alinovsky, A.D. Goncharov, V. Klyuev, A. Kozhemyakin, A. Kryuchkov, V.V. Parkhomchuk, S. Rastigeev, V.B. Reva
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  The status of the first Russian accelerator mass spectrometer being developed at BINP is described. The scheme of the spectrometer includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), electrostatic tandem accelerator with accelerating voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapors stripper and also includes the high-energy and low-energy beam lines with analyzers. The results of the experiments with the ion beams will be given.  
 
WEPLS050 Experiments with Electron Cloud and Sources electron, plasma, laser, injection 2490
 
  • M. Cavenago
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • G. Bettega, F. Cavaliere, D. Ghezzi, A. Illiberi, R. Pozzoli, M. Rome
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  The Penning-Malmberg trap ELTRAP installed at University of Milano can provide electron clouds of several sizes for study of non-linear physics: length ranges from 0.15 to 1 m, while diameter is varied between 25 mm and 70 mm by changing the electron source: filament or planar spiral. Vortices develop both in trapped and flowing electron beams. Slow instabilities, due to the accumulation of ions inside the trap are observed and cured by clearing fields. Results as a function of plasma size are described. Plan to install a third laser modulated electron source and additional diagnostic are also summarized.  
 
WEPLS082 The Septa for LEIR Extraction and PS Injection septum, vacuum, extraction, injection 2568
 
  • J. Borburgh, M. Hourican, T. Masson, A. Prost
    CERN, Geneva
  The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) is part of the CERN LHC injector chain for ions. The LEIR extraction uses a pulsed magnetic septum, clamped around a metallic vacuum chamber. Apart from separating the ultra high vacuum in the LEIR ring from the less good vacuum in the transfer line to the PS this chamber also serves as magnetic screen and retains the septum conductor in place. The PS ion injection septum consists of a pulsed laminated magnet under vacuum, featuring a single-turn water cooled coil and a remote positioning system. The design, the construction and the commissioning of both septa are described.  
 
WEPLS087 Status of the Development of the FAIR Superconducting Magnets dipole, superconducting-magnet, GSI, quadrupole 2577
 
  • G. Moritz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  For the planned 'Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research' (FAIR), a variety of superconducting magnets is foreseen. The synchrotrons SIS 100 and SIS 300 will use fast-pulsed superferric and superconducting cos (theta) magnets. The storage ring CR and the SuperFRS will be equipped with large-scale superferric magnets, while in the storage ring HESR RHIC-type magnets are foreseen. The status of the R&D activities will be presented.  
 
WEPLS090 Full Length Superferric Dipole and Quadrupole Prototype Magnets for the SIS100 at GSI: Status of the Design and Manufacturing dipole, quadrupole, GSI, synchrotron 2583
 
  • A.D. Kovalenko, N.N. Agapov, A.V. Alfeev, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, G.L. Kuznetsov, V.V. Seleznev, A.Y. Starikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • E. Fischer, G. Moritz, C. Muehle, P.J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A.K. Kalimov
    St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg
  • A.V. Shabunov
    JINR/LHE, Moscow
  The SIS100, one of the two basic accelerators of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR at GSI, should provide acceleration of U28+ and proton beams for 0.5 s with a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz. In the accelerator magnetic system superferric 2 T dipoles of about 3 m length and 35 T/m quadrupoles of about 1 m length will be used. The magnet coils are made from hollow NbTi composite cable cooled with two-phase helium flow at 4.5 K. The maximum operating current of 7500 A is supposed. The lattice comprises 108 dipoles and 168 quadrupoles. The elliptic beam pipe inner sizes have been fixed to 130x60 mm2 for the dipole and 135x65 mm2 for the quadrupole The design approach is based on the improved versions of the Nuclotron fast-cycling magnets that provide significant less AC loss at 4.5 K, better quality of the magnetic field and a higher long-term mechanical stability of the magnet coils. The AC losses in the magnets for the strongest SIS100 operating cycle at 4.5 K are expected to be about 13 W/m and 17 W/m in the full length prototype dipole and quadrupole magnets respectively.  
 
WEPLS091 Analysis of the Superferric Quadrupole Magnet Design for the SIS100 Accelerator of the FAIR Project quadrupole, GSI, dipole, synchrotron 2586
 
  • E. Fischer, G. Moritz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, A.D. Kovalenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • R.V. Kurnyshov, P.A. Shcherbakov
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  The heavy ion fast-cycling synchrotron SIS100 is the "workhorse", of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR at GSI in Darmstadt. The main lattice parameters of the accelerator are defined now so the main engineering problems of the new superferric magnets should be analyzed and solved too. We present the results of finite element calculations and compare them with the experimental data from investigation of the model magnets to characterize the expected AC loss properties of the full length prototype quadrupole. We discuss the appropriate new coil structure aimed at minimizing the heat releases at 4.5 K, but providing the requested long-term mechanical stability against dynamic Lorentz forces and thermal cooling cycles as well.  
 
WEPLS126 CNAO Resonance Sextupole Magnet Power Converters controls, power-supply, sextupole, proton 2670
 
  • M.F. Farioli, F. Burini, S. Carrozza, M. Cavazza, S. Minisgallo, M.P.C. Pretelli, G. Taddia
    O.C.E.M. S.p.A., Bologna
  • D. Bagnara, M. Spera, A. Tilli, M. Toniato
    CASY, Bologna
  • I. De Cesaris
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  • M. Incurvati, C. Sanelli
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  The CNAO Resonance Sextupole Magnet Power Converter requirements for the Storage Ring of the CNAO Project are described together with performance and initial operating experience. In particular the achieved performances will be compared with the specification and the extensive modelling that was done during the design phase. Not only the tight required performances were emphasized during the design phase but also particular attention was put on reliability and minimization of the repairing time (MTTR). Some fundamental criteria, like component de-rating and standardisation, have also been taken into account during the component choice phase. All converters adopt the switching technology with full digital control and a common control interface, that, as for the other CNAO power converters, uses the same digital controller, under licence from the Diamond Light Source.  
 
THPPA03 The First CW Accelerator in USSR and a Birth of Accelerating Field Focussing focusing, rfq, proton, quadrupole 2755
 
  • V.A. Teplyakov
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  In the absence of Professor Teplyakov, Robert Jameson will present the work for which Professor Teplyakov is awarded the 2006 EPS-AG Prize for Achievement. The abstract of Professor Teplyakov's presentation follows: As CW linear accelerators became required, it appeared an absolute necessity to change the initial part of the accelerator. The initial part should prepare bunches of charged particles for the further acceleration in the main part. The CW accelerator should also be economic and reliable. The problem was solved using the principles of adiabatic capture of particles and low energy injection with focusing by means of the RF field. The acceleration of bunches with non-increasing charge density was the basic idea. It allowed reduction of the injection energy without reducing the current. By 1972, initial testing in IHEP Protvino was accomplished, and the first accelerated beam was obtained in an RFQ. The URAL-30 proton linac was commissioned in 1977 in IHEP. It applies RFQ-focusing from injection up to the top energy of 30 MeV. From 1985 until the present, this facility routinely operates as an injector to a booster proton synchrotron, this feeding the entire accelerator complex of ITEP. Development of the first RFQ in the Western world was started at Los Alamos in 1978 and performed a proof-of-principle test in 1980. After that there were many articles and reports and the RFQ became widely known in the world.  
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THOAFI02 Ion Instability Observed in PLS Revolver In-vacuum Undulator vacuum, undulator, radiation, synchrotron 2771
 
  • H.-S. Kang, J. Choi, M. Kim, T.-Y. Koo, T.-Y. Lee, P.C.D. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
  Revolver In-Vacuum X-ray Undulator which was designed and fabricated at Spring-8 is under commissioning at PLS. This planar undulator whose permanent magnet array structure is a revolving type with 90-degree step provides 4 different undulator wavelengths of 10, 15, 20, and 24 mm. The minimum gap of the undulator is as small as 5 mm. It was observed that the trailing part of a long bunch train was scraped due to ion instability when the undulator gap was closed below 6 mm. At that time the vacuum pressure in the undulator, which is estimated to be about one order of magnitude lower than that of the undulator gap, increased from 1.4 x 10-10 (gap 20 mm) to 7.9 x 10-10 Torr (gap 6 mm) at the stored beam current of 100 mA. This high vacuum pressure causes fast beam-ion instability: trailing part of a long bunch train oscillates vertically. It was also confirmed that adjusting the orbit along the undulator has improved the situation to some extent. The ion instability measured with a pico-second streak camera and a one-turn BPM as well as the result of orbit adjustment and chromaticity control will be described in this paper.  
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THPCH016 Transfer Matrix of Linear Focusing System in the Presence of Self-field of Intense Charged Particle Beam focusing, electromagnetic-fields, quadrupole, dipole 2817
 
  • Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  Within the framework of moments method, the computation algorithm of the transfer matrix in the presence of self-field of the intense charged particle beam is given. The transfer matrix depends on both the linear external electromagnetic field parameters and the initial value of the second order moments of the beam distribution function. In the case of coupled degrees of freedom, the independent 2D subspaces of the whole phase space are found by means of the linear transformation of the phase space variables. The matrix of this transformation connects with second order moments of the beam distribution function. The momentum spread of the beam is taken into account also.  
 
THPCH027 An Experimental Proposal to Study Heavy-ion Cooling in the AGS due to Beam Gas or the Intrabeam Scattering electron, AGS, scattering, RHIC 2838
 
  • D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, W.W. MacKay, G. Parzen, T. Roser
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Low emittance of not-fully-stripped gold(Z=79) Au+77 Helium-like ion beams from the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) could be attributed to the cooling phenomenon due to inelastic intrabeam scattering [1]. The low emittance gold beams have always been observed at injection in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). There have been previous attempts to attribute the low emittance to a cooling due to the exchange of energy between ions during the inelastic intrabeam scattering. The Fano-Lichten theory[2] of electron promotion might be applied during inelastic collisions between helium like gold ions in the AGS. During collisions if the ion energy is large enough, a quasi-molecule could be formed, and electron excitation could occur. During de-excitation of electrons, photons are emitted and a loss of total bunch energy could occur. This would lead to smaller beam size. We propose to inject gold ions with two missing electrons into RHIC at injection energy and study the beam behavior with bunched and de-bunched beam, varying the RF voltage and the beam intensity. If the "cooling" is observed additional.  
 
THPCH052 Dependence of Transverse Instabilities on Amplitude Dependent Tune Shifts octupole, betatron, feedback, factory 2904
 
  • T. Miyajima, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, S. Nagahashi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  In the Photon Factory electron storage ring, transverse instabilities have been observed in multi-bunch operation mode. The instabilities can be suppressed by amplitude dependent tune shifts, which are induced by the sextupole, octupole and higher order magnetic field. Since four octupole magnets have been installed in the PF ring, we can control the tune shifts, which is caused by the octupole magnetic field, independently of chromaticities, which is caused by sextupole magnetic field. In order to research the suppression mechanism of the instabilities, we measured the dependence of the instabilities on the tune shifts, which are induced by the octupole field. The threshold of the tune shifts, which suppress the instabilities, were observed in the measurement, and it depended on the filling pattern of the bunch train and the beam current per bunch. In addition, we will present the results of the measurement before and after the reconstruction for the straight-sections upgrade at the PF ring, which was carried out in 2005.  
 
THPCH053 Numerical and Experimental Study of Cooling-stacking Injection in HIMAC Synchrotron injection, electron, scattering, simulation 2907
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • S. Shibuya
    AEC, Chiba
  • T. Uesugi
    KEK, Ibaraki
  The cooling-stacking injection at the HIMAC synchrotron was used to increase the intensity of Ar18+ ion beam. The beam stacking was realized in a horizontal free phase-space, which was created by the HIMAC electron cooler. The stack intensity of (1.5~2.5)·109 ppp was accumulated at an injection intensity of (0.3~1.0)e9. The stack intensity was limitted by the ion lifetime. A peculiarity of present cooling-stacking experiments is related to lifetime difference by a factor of 2~3 of the stack and injected ions. The lifetime of stack ions is determined by vacuum pressure. The new injected ions were slowly lost at multiple scattering on residual gas atoms at diffusion heating in the vertical direction caused by the acceptance of 30pi-mm-mrad and a reduction of cooling force at large betatron amplitudes. The results of numerical simulations and experimental study of cooling-stacking injection on the HIMAC synchrotron are presented.  
 
THPCH070 Long-pulse Beam Stability in the DARHT-II Linear-induction Accelerator BBU, impedance, vacuum, induction 2946
 
  • C. Ekdahl, E.O. Abeyta, P.A. Aragon, R. Archuleta, R. Bartsch, K.C.D. Chan, D. Dalmas, S. Eversole, R.J. Gallegos, J. Harrison, E. Jacquez, J. Johnson, B.T. McCuistian, N. Montoya, S. Nath, D. Oro, L.J. Rowton, M. Sanchez, R.D. Scarpetti, M. Schauer
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • H. Bender, W. Broste, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, A. Tipton, C.-Y. Tom
    Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • R.J. Briggs
    SAIC, Alamo, California
  • T.P. Hughes, C. Mostrom, Y. Tang
    ATK-MR, Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • M.E. Schulze
    GA, San Diego, California
  The beam breakup instability has long been a problem for linear induction accelerators (LIAs). Although it is predicted to saturate in the strong focus regime relevant to LIAs most, if not all, LIAs have had pulse-widths too short to observe this effect. We recently completed BBU experiments on a 1.2 kA, 6.7-MeV configuration of the DARHT-II LIA having a 1600-ns pulse length much longer than the saturation time. The saturated growth observed in these experiments when we reduced the magnetic guide-field strength was in agreement with theory. We used these results to deduce that BBU growth will be insignificant in the final 2-kA, 17-MeV DARHT-II configuration with the tunes that will be used. Another problematic instability for long-pulse LIAs such as DARHT-II is the ion-hose. We also performed experiments with the 6.7-MeV long-pulse configuration of DARHT-II in which we deliberately induced ion-hose by raising the background pressure far above its normal value. The results of these experiments were used to show that ion-hose will not be a problem for to the final DARHT-II configuration.  
 
THPCH078 Successful Bunched-Beam Stochastic Cooling in RHIC kicker, RHIC, pick-up, proton 2967
 
  • J.M. Brennan, M. Blaskiewicz, F. Severino
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  Stochastic Cooling of high energy and high frequency bunched beam has been demonstrated in RHIC at 100 GeV. Narrowing of the Schottky spectrum and shorting of the bunch length resulted from cooling the beam for 90 minutes. The purpose of the stochastic cooling is to counteract the fundamental limit of the luminosity lifetime of heavy ions in RHIC which is Intra-Beam Scattering. IBS drives transverse emittance growth and longitudinal de-bunching. The major components of the system have been tested with heavy ion and proton beams in previous runs in RHIC, demonstrating that the difficult challenges of high frequency bunched beam stochastic cooling can be overcome. The vexing problem of pollution of the Schottky spectrum by coherent components is solved with optimized filtering and high dynamic range low noise electronics. A set of 16 high-Q cavities is used to achieve adequate kicker voltage in the 5 to 8 GHz band. This technique exploits the bunched beam time structure to level the microwave power requirement and enables the use of solid state amplifiers to drive the kickers. Because RHIC did not operate with heavy ions in the FY06 run, the system was tested with specially prepared low intensity protons bunches of 2·109 particles.  
 
THPCH126 System Development of a Time-of-flight Spectrometer for Surface Analysis of Materials target, quadrupole, simulation, beam-transport 3095
 
  • P. Junphong, Mr. Ano, S. Rattanarin, Dr. Suwannakachorn, T. Vilaithong
    FNRF, Chiang Mai
  • A. Takahashi
    Osaka University, Osaka
  To study on design the time-of-flight Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (TOF-RBS) technique for nano-material surface analysis with high resolution. At Fast Neutron Research Facility, FNRF, upgrading of the existing pulsed-beam accelerator from 150-keV of D+$ to 280 keV of He+ was proposed to use for the most powerful method of a near-surface characterization of materials utilizing TOF-RBS. The beam transport was redesigned based on the multicusp ion source which was designed the extraction and focusing system for optimization by the computer program KOBRA, and the existing beam pulsing system to provide He+ ion beam with a few nano-second width and 280-keV acceleration energy. Simulation was done by the computer program Beam Optics, resulting in the beam size at the target position of 1 mm in diameter. The measured beam size was 6 mm in diameter. The optimization of the target position was done by the PARMELA program, to be at 3.14 m from the middle point of the buncher. Components, beam transport characteristics, beam optic simulation, and role of quadrupole magnet were explained. Design and test of the scattering chamber for TOF-RBS were shown and measured by the MCP detector. The quadrupole triplet was designed and constructed at FNRF. Development of TOF-RBS system was implemented in this study. Designing component, fabrication and installation to the accelerator system were completed. Beam extraction and He-scattering tests were done.  
 
THPCH139 Development of an Ion Source via Laser Ablation Plasma plasma, extraction, target, laser 3119
 
  • F. Belloni, D. Doria, A. Lorusso, V. Nassisi
    INFN-Lecce, Lecce
  • L. Torrisi
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  Experimental results on the development of a laser ion source (LIS) are reported. LISs are particularly useful in ion accelerators, ion implanters and devices for electromagnetic isotope separation. A focused UV laser beam (0.1 - 1 GW/cm2 power density) was used to produce a plasma plume from a Cu target. Several aspects were investigated: ion angular distribution, energy distribution, ion extraction and charge loss due to ion recombination. Particular attention was devoted to avoid arcs during the extraction phase; it was accomplished by allowing the proper plasma expansion in a suitable chamber before the extraction gap. Diagnostics on free expanding plasma and extracted ions was carried out mainly by time-of-flight measurements, performed by means of Faraday cups and electrostatic spectrometers. At 18kV acceleration voltage, the ion beam current, measured along a drift tube at 147cm from the target, resulted modulated on ion mass-to-charge ratio and its maximum value was 220uA. The Cu+1 ion bunch charge was estimated to be 4.2nC. Ion implantation tests were successfully performed at high acceleration voltage (several tens kV), by using a simple experimental arrangement.  
 
THPCH155 High-quality Proton Beam Obtained by Combination of Phase Rotation and the Irradiation of the Intense Short-pulse Laser laser, proton, target, electron 3158
 
  • S. Nakamura, Y. Iwashita, A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Souda, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • S. Bulanov, T. Esirkepov, Y. Hayashi, M. Kado, T. Kimura, M. Mori, A. Nagashima, M. Nishiuchi, K. Ogura, S. Orimo, A. Pirozhkov, A. Sagisaka, A. Yogo
    JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • H. Daido, A. Fukumi
    JAEA/Kansai, Kizu-machi Souraku-gun Kyoto-fu
  • Z. Li
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • A. Ogata, Y. Wada
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • T. Tajima
    JAEA/FEL, Ibaraki-ken
  • T. Takeuchi
    AEC, Chiba
  Ion production from laser-induced plasma has been paid attention because of its high acceleration gradient (>100GeV/m) compared with conventional RF accelerator. Its energy spectrum is Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with high-energy cut-off, which limited its application. The phase rotation scheme, which rotates laser produced ions by an RF electric field synchronous to the pulse laser in the longitudinal phase space, was applied to proton beam up to 0.9MeV emitted from Ti foil with 3mm thickness irradiated by focused laser-pulse with peak intensity of 9 ´ 1017W/cm2. Multi-peaks with ~6% width (FWHM) were created and intensity multiplication up to 5 was attained around 0.6MeV region. The proton production process by the intense short-pulse laser has been optimized with use of time of flight measurement of proton beam detected by a plastic scintillation counter, which is specially shielded from the heavy background of electrons and X-rays induced by the intense laser. We have succeeded in on-line measurement of such a proton signal by the detector for the first time, which played an essential role for the investigation of phase rotation scheme.  
 
THPCH174 Multipactor Electron Gun with CVD Diamond Cathodes electron, DIAMOND, cathode, gun 3203
 
  • J.Y. Zhai, C.-X. Tang, S. Zheng
    TUB, Beijing
  A Multipactor Electron Gun (MEG) is developed for the high power microwave generation in the Accelerator Lab of Tsinghua University. This paper presents the recent experimental results of the S-band MEG using hydrogen-terminated and CsI-terminated CVD diamond cathodes. The gun design, cathode preparation and high power experiment are described. An electron beam with 5 μs macro-pulse, 10 Hz repetition rate, greater than 900 mA beam current was obtained.calculation and computer simulation. The properties of the secondary electron emission cathodes are also discussed.  
 
THPCH176 Deposition of Lead Thin Films Used as Photo-cathodes by Means of Cathodic Arc under UHV Conditions vacuum, plasma, cathode, gun 3209
 
  • P. Strzyzewski, J. Langner, M. S. Sadowski, J. Witkowski
    The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
  • T. Rao, J. Smedley
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • R. Russo, S. Tazzari
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  • J.S. Sekutowicz
    DESY, Hamburg
  The cathodic arc technology has been used for various technical purposes for many years. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the cathodic arc can be operated under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and it might solve the problem of the oxygen contamination coming from water remnants. It opens a new road to many applications where very pure metallic and/or superconducting films are needed. The paper reports on recent experimental studies aimed on the deposition of superconducting films of pure lead (Pb) by means of the UHV cathodic arc. Such layers can be used as photo-cathodes needed for modern accelerator injectors. The system configuration, used for thin film deposition inside the RF Gun designed at DESY, is also described and the main results and characteristics of thin superconducting Pb-films are presented.  
 
THPCH197 Analysis of Availability and Reliability in RHIC Operations RHIC, controls, luminosity, cryogenics 3257
 
  • F.C. Pilat, P. Ingrassia, R.J. Michnoff
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  RHIC has been successfully operated for five years as a collider for different species, ranging from heavy ions including gold and copper, to polarized protons. We present a critical analysis of reliability data for RHIC that not only identifies the principal factors limiting availability but also evaluates critical choices at design times and assess their impact on present machine performance. RHIC availability data are compared to similar high-energy colliders and synchrotron light sources. The critical analysis of operations data is the basis for studies and plans to improve RHIC machine availability beyond the 60% typical of high-energy collider.  
 
THPLS130 Thermal Neutron Demagnetization of NdFeB Magnets electron, vacuum, photon, undulator 3589
 
  • R.W. Klaffky
    DOE/OFES, Germantown, Maryland
  • R.M. Lindstrom
    NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland
  • B. Maranville, R. Shull
    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
  • B.J. Micklich, J.H. Vacca
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  At the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, NdFeB insertion device magnets have shown losses of magnetization on a few straight sections where the largest electron beam losses occur due to limiting vacuum chamber apertures. In the worst case, these magnetization losses were evident after a three month operational period. To isolate the effect that thermal neutrons have on these magnets, the magnetization and coercivity were studied for two NdFeB grades as a function of dose from 7.5 x 10(12) to 6 x 10(13) neutrons/cm2. After saturation, the remanent magnetization was found to decrease linearly with the logarithm of the dose. At a dose of 7.5 x 10(12) neutrons/cm2.sec, there was already a 43 percent magnetization loss for the N45 grade and a 15 percent loss for the N48 grade. There was no apparent change in coercivity with dose. The change in remanent magnetization is a consequence of boron thermal neutron capture through the 10B(n,alpha)7Li reaction, which generates MeV energy alpha particles and lithium ions.  
 
FRYAPA01 Developments in Proton and Light-ion Therapy proton, synchrotron, target, linac 3631
 
  • S. Rossi
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The talk will provide an overview of recent developments in hadrontherapy. It will give a background on cancer therapy with protons and ions, discussing the relative merits of protons and ions versus conventional radiotherapy. It will include status and plans for the development of hadrontherapy facilities, in particular in Europe. It will also describe the status of the Italian hadrontherapy project (CNAO).  
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