IPAC2016 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOOCA02	RFQ Developments at CEA-IRFU	rfq, linac, cavity, status	42
	O. Piquet CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	Vane RFQs are particularly well suited to high intensity proton acceleration, since they offer minimal RF power losses and best accelerating field accuracy. Cea-Irfu is involved in several developments of 4 vane RFQs namely IPHI, Spiral2, Linac4 and ESS. This paper gives an overview of the design flow and tools developed at Irfu in order to design, tune, condition and commission RFQs. SPIRAL2 RFQ will be mainly used to illustrate this design flow. This CW RFQ requires 180 kW to achieve the nominal accelerating voltage. It can accelerate a 5 mA proton or deuteron beam (A/Q=1 and 2) or a 1 mA ion beam with up to A/Q=3 at 0.75 MeV/A. Conditioning and commissioning of this RFQ are actually in progress.
	Slides MOOCA02 [3.712 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOOCA02
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MOPMB024	Electron Cloud Measurements at J-PARC Main Ring	electron, detector, vacuum, extraction	137
	B. Yee-Rendón, H. Kuboki, R. Muto, K. Satou, M. Tomizawa, T. Toyama, M. Uota KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Electron cloud instability is presented in most of the high intensity proton rings. During the Slow beam extraction (SX) mode at Main Ring of J-PARC, signals related with its formation were observed. An electron cloud detector is installed downstream of the ElectroStatic Septum (ESS), to measure the electron signal. Additionally, scintillation detector with photomultiplier, a proportional counter and photo-diode were set closely to the electron cloud detector to observe the beam lost. This paper presents the measurements of the electron cloud and some of the conditions which support its creation, for instance the signal of lost particle from the beam loss monitors, the residual gas in the vacuum duct by using vacuum pressure gauges, etc.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB024
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MOPMB025	The Development of 16-Electrode Monitor for Measurement of the Multipole-Moment	quadrupole, injection, coupling, impedance	140
	Y. Nakanishi, A. Ichikawa, A. Minamino, K.G. Nakamura, T. Nakaya Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan T. Koseki, H. Kuboki KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 25105002, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas titled 'Unification and　Development of the Neutrino Science Frontier' In the J-PARC main ring, the beam intensity is greatly increased to 750 kW or more in near future. Even the beam intensity become higher, the beam loss must be kept at the same level as present. Aiming to make the cause of beam loss clear, we have been developing the beam monitor to measure the beam size. The quadrupole moment is related to the beam size. In principle, monitors with more than four electrodes can measure the quadrupole moment. In addition, two monitors located at the places with different beta functions can measure the emittances and beam sizes, providing the horizontal and vertical beta functions. To obtain more precise quadrupole moment and higher multipoles, we are developing the multi-electrode monitor, tentatively, with 16 electrodes. As a reference of 16-electrode monitor, two 4-electrode BPMs are investigated to measure quadrupole moments. We will present the measurement result of 4-electrode monitors and the status of the development of the 32-electrode monitor.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB025
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MOPMB034	Design and Application of Double-slit Emittance Meter for C-ADS Proton Beams	emittance, rfq, background, instrumentation	164
	L. Yu, Y.F. Sui, J.X. Zhao, D.C. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	To reduce the beam loss in the high current linac, beam transverse emittance is a key value which has to be characterized. At Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Beijing the C-ADS project has started beam commissioning. A newly developed double-slit emittance meter (DEM) for pulsed proton beam from the (RFQ) has been installed in the beam line. In this paper principal of operation, instrumentation and programming of emittance meter are discussed. The emittance measurement has been carried out with the newly developed DEM at a beam energy of 3.2 MeV and a beam current of 10 mA. Typical rms emittance for x and y direction are measured to be 0.1303 and 0.1347 π mm mrad，which are well below the design standard of the RFQ.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB034
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MOPMB038	Development of Shoebox BPM for Xi‘an Proton Application Facility	coupling, simulation, impedance, closed-orbit	175
	W. Wang, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, X.W. Wang, Z. Yang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
	In this paper, development of the Shoebox BPM is presented which can be applied for the measurement of turn-by-turn position data, closed orbit and tune of Xi'an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). The preliminary design of the physical dimensions including the electrode aperture, the pipe aperture and the gap between the two electrodes is performed by calculating their effects on BPM response respectively with the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the mechanical structure of the Shoebox BPM is optimized by CST simulation to achieve better performance. The dependency of the BPM sensitivity and zero offset on the frequency is diminished by adding one isolating ring, which decreases coupling capacitance of electrodes and compensates ground capacitance difference of the two electrodes. Finally one prototype of the Shoebox BPM has been fabricated and tested offline. Results show that relative position measurement error due to frequency dependency of sensitivity is less than 1% and absolute measurement error due to frequency dependency of zero offset is expected to be less than 0.1 mm.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB038
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MOPMB056	Measurements of the Beam Energy and Beam Profile of 100 MeV Proton Linac at KOMAC	linac, DTL, acceleration, ion	217
	S.G. Lee, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The linac for generation of the 100 MeV proton beam is operating in KOMAC. The 100 MeV proton beam is used in the industrial and the scientific fields such as improvement of the material characteristics and production of the isotope. The accurate measurements of the proton beam energy and profile are necessary for increasing the efficiency of the application and minimizing the inadequate radioactivation in linac structure caused by the beam loss. The proton beam energy and beam profile are measured by using the TOF (time-of-flight) method with a BPM (beam position monitor) and the ion chamber array, respectively. The detailed measurement setup and the measured results will be given in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB056
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MOPMB060	Upgrade of the LHC Schottky Monitor, Operational Experience and First Results	pick-up, ion, emittance, injection	226
	M. Betz, O.R. Jones, T. Lefèvre, M. Wendt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC Schottky system allows the measurement of beam parameters such as tune and chromaticity in an entirely non-invasive way by extracting information from the statistical fluctuations in the incoherent motion of particles. The system was commissioned in 2011 and provided satisfactory beam-parameter measurements during LHC run 1 for lead-ions. However, for protons its usability was substantially limited due to strong interfering signals originating from the coherent motion of the particle bunch. The system has recently been upgraded with optimized travelling-wave pick-ups and an improved 4.8~GHz microwave signal path, with the front-end and the triple down-mixing chain optimized to reduce coherent signals. Design and operational aspects for the complete system are shown and the results from measurements with LHC beams in Run II are presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB060
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MOPMR008	Development of Beam Position Monitor for a Heavy-ion Linac of KHIMA	cyclotron, ion, synchrotron, beam-transport	238
	J.G. Hwang KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534). The carbon and proton beams are produced by the electron cyclotron resonance ion source with the energy of 8 keV/u and it is accelerated up to 7 MeV/u by the RFQ and IH-DTL. The accelerated beam is injected on the synchrotron through the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). In the MEBT line of KHIMA, the stripline beam position monitor (BPM) is installed to measure the beam trajectory and orbit jitter before the beam injection at the synchrotron. It is also used to measure the phase information such as a bunch length for the de-buncher tuning in MEBT line. The BPM has the position resolution of 100 um with the diameter of 40 mm. The design study is performed and it is fabricated. In order to confirm the performance of the beam position monitor, the measurement of position accuracy and calibration by using wire test-bench, and the beam test with proton beam from MC-50 in KIRAMS are performed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR008
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MOPMR009	Development of Large Aperture Faraday-Cup for LEBT of KHIMA.	ion, electron, ECR, beam-transport	241
	J.G. Hwang KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534). Since an aperture of a low energy beam transport line of the KHIMA is quite large, 100 mm, to minimize an uncontrolled beam loss, large aperture Faraday-cup with the diameter of 100 mm is installed to measure the beam current from the electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR-IS) and to identify the ion species using analyzing magnet. The suppression ring is designed to reduce the repelling electrons for an accurate measurement. The Faraday-cup has the cooling channel with the heat capability of 100 W to recover the heat from the ion beam for safety during the operation. In order to reduce the noise propagation from the cooling channel, the cooling channel is insulated with the cup. In this presentation, we show the physical modeling, mechanical aspect for design the large aperture Faraday-cup, and the result of in-beam test with the ECR-IS in KHIMA.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR009
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MOPMR010	The Development of Scintillating Screen Detector for Beam Monitoring at the KHIMA Project	ion, experiment, cyclotron, heavy-ion	244
	S.Y. Noh, S.D. Chang, J.G. Hwang KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: NRF-2014M2C3A1029534 It is important to measure the beam propeties such as position, size and intensity, when we control the medical beam qualities, So we developed the scintillation screen monitor used for beam profile monitoring and it will be installed at High Energy Beam Transport(HEBT) section to measure the beam parameters. This system consists of a terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide(Gd2O2S:Tb) phosphor screen and high speed charge coupled device camera. The CCD camera has the maximum 90 frame rate and 659 X 494 pixel resolution. This Camera is mounted at distance of 260mm from the center of the scintillation screen and with the angle of 45 degree to the scintillation screen which is mounted at the angle of 45 degree to the beam axis. The image analysis program was written in National Instruments LabVIEW using IMAQ driver. To reduce the image processing time, we optimized the prcessing flow and used LabVIEW built-in function. To evaluate this system, we measured the beam size and center position of the beam at KIRAMS on 50MeV cyclotron. In this paper, we present the manufacture of beam profile system based on a scintillating screen monitor and the in-beam test results of it.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR010
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MOPMR021	Lifetime and Operational Criteria of Proton Beam Instrumentation in the ESS Target Station	electron, radiation, target, monitoring	276
	Y. Lee, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	At the European Spallation Source, a 2 GeV, 5 MW proton beam will be delivered from a superconducting linear accelerator to target at a 4% duty factor, which poses demanding requirements on target station design. To tune the beam delivery system and to protect the target station components, the current density, the halo distribution, and the position of the proton beam shall be measured. To provide this functionality, a suite of beam monitoring devices will be deployed in the target monolith, including a multi-wire grid for the beam profile monitoring, thermo-couple assemblies and secondary emission blades for aperture monitoring, and a beam footprint imaging system consisting of optical components and luminescent coatings. Since these devices are exposed to particles that deposit energy and cause a high rate of radiation damage, it is a significant challenge to ensure full functionality. In this paper, material selection, lifetime estimates and operational criteria for these beam-monitoring devices are presented. A number of particle transport and finite-element simulations are performed for analyses, and an empirical validation plan is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR021
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MOPMR025	Beam Size Estimation from Luminosity Scans at the LHC During 2015 Proton Physics Operation	luminosity, emittance, operation, experiment	290
	M. Hostettler, G. Papotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Hostettler LHEP, Bern, Switzerland
	As a complementary method for measuring the beam size for high-intensity beams at 6.5 TeV flat-top energy, beam separation scans were done regularly at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during 2015 proton physics operation. The luminosities measured by the CMS experiment during the scans were used to derive the convoluted beam size and orbit offset bunch-by-bunch. This contribution will elaborate on the method used to derive plane-by-plane, bunch-by-bunch emittances from the scan data, including uncertainties and corrections. The measurements are then compared to beam size estimations from absolute luminosity, synchrotron light telescopes, and wire scanners. In particular, the evolution of the emittance over the course of several hours in collisions is studied and bunch-by-bunch differences are highlighted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR025
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MOPMR028	Emittance Characterisation of High Brightness Beams in the CERN PS	emittance, brightness, synchrotron, extraction	299
	G. Sterbini, J.F. Comblin, V. Forte, A. Guerrero, E. Piselli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Forte Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
	Measurements in the CERN Proton Synchrotron showed that achieving the required accuracy for the emittance characterisation of high brightness beams is challenging. Some of the present limits can be related to systematic errors in the wire scanner calibration or, for the horizontal emittance determination, in the assumptions adopted while deconvoluting the contribution of the longitudinal plane from the measured transverse profile. We present in this paper the results of a beam-based test of the wire scanner calibration and of a general numerical deconvolution algorithm to compute the betatronic profile starting from the measured ones. In addition to the bunch train average emittance, a bunch-by-bunch transverse emittance measurement would increase the potential to understand, optimise and monitor the beam performance. In 2015 the first PS bunch-by-bunch measurement chain was setup. The results are reported and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR028
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MOPMR031	Investigation of Injection Losses at the Large Hadron Collider with Diamond Based Particle Detectors	injection, kicker, flattop, detector	310
	O. Stein, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, B. Dehning, V. Kain, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
	During the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2015, increased injection losses were observed. To minimize stress on accelerator components in the injection regions of the LHC and to guarantee an efficient operation these losses needed to be understood and possible mitigation techniques should be studied. Measurements with diamond particle detectors revealed the loss structure with ns-resolution for the first time. Based on these measurements, recaptured beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) surrounding the nominal bunch train was identified as the major contributor to the injection loss signals. Methods to reduce the recaptured beam in the SPS were successfully tested and verified with the diamond particle detectors. In this paper the detection and classification of LHC injection losses are described. The methods to reduce these losses and verification measurements are presented and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR031
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MOPMR043	Optical System Design for The ESS Proton Beam and Target Diagnostics	target, optics, radiation, diagnostics	347
	M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Adli, H. Gjersdal University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas, N. de la Cour ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council The high power and low emittance of the European Spallation Source (ESS) proton beam require a robust protection strategy for the spallation target and its surroundings. For this, the beam will be imaged on passing through scintillator screens coating both the proton beam window (PBW) on exit from the accelerator, and the entry window to the target (TW). Light from the screens must be transported to remote cameras through a 4m high shielding plug of limited aperture. At the same time, the optical path must not compromise the integrity of the shield against neutrons and interaction products. We present the theory underlying the design of the reflective optics for efficient transmission of high-quality images to provide the desired level of protection to the machine, and describe its implementation in the Zemax software tool, as well as the predicted imaging performance. We also consider how the requirements of environment (thermal and radiation), initial alignment and ongoing maintenance for the optical system will be met. Finally we comment on the applicability of optics of this type for diagnostic systems in similar situations at other neutron sources and elsewhere.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR043
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MOPMR055	Radiation-Resistant Fiber Optic Strain Sensors for SNS Target Instrumentation	target, radiation, neutron, detector	371
	Y. Liu, W. Blokland, J.D. Bryan, A. Rakhman, B.W. Riemer, R.L. Sangrey, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA A. Rakhman UTK, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA R. Strum San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE. Measurement of stresses and strains in the mercury target vessel of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is important to understand the structural dynamics of the target. Owing to their compactness, easy system integration, and invulnerability to the electromagnetic interference, fiber optic strain sensors have been installed into the SNS target module starting from the fall of 2015. In this talk, we report on the development of radiation-resistant fiber optic strain sensors for subsequent generations of SNS target instrumentation. The sensors are extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers (EFPIs) made from fluorine-doped single-mode fibers. The radiation induced loss of the fiber has been measured in the SNS target 13 at the energy-on-target level exceeding 500 MWhr which results in peak doses on fiber of more than 10⁹ Gy. A superluminescent diode laser at 1300 nm is used as the light source and the strain is measured in real-time using quadrature phase shifted signals generated from a local interferometer. We have demonstrated successful measurements of strains from 1 to 1000 με at a kHz frequency range on a test plate using the developed interrogation optical system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR055
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MOPMW011	The Second Harmonic RF System for J-PARC MR Upgrade	cavity, impedance, injection, operation	420
	C. Ohmori, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Power upgrade scenario of J-PARC Main Ring includes replacement of RF cavities with higher field gradient using magnetic alloy cores, FT3L than the present ones. It also need to install the second harmonic RF cavity in the other section where dedicated water system for RF cavities is not available. Installation scenario of the second harmonic RF will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMW011
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MOPMW019	Resonant Frequency Control with RCCS for the KOMAC Proton Linac	controls, DTL, LLRF, linac	435
	D.H. Seo, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, Y.G. Song Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. The Resonance control cooling systems (RCCS) of 100 MeV proton linac at the Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC) have been operated for cooling the drift tubes (DT) and controlling the resonant frequency of the drift tube linac (DTL). The RCCS can maintain the cooling water temperature within ±0.1 °C by controlling 3-way valve opening. The RCCS has two types of control mode, the constant cooling water temperature control mode and the resonant frequency control mode. In the case of the resonant frequency control, the error frequency is measured in the low-level RF (LLRF) control system and the RCCS compensates the error frequency by controlling the cooling water temperature of DT with PID algorithm. In this paper, the operation results of the resonant frequency control with the RCCS as well as some modification of the LLRF system are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMW019
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MOPMY023	High Power Test of the RF System for the KOMAC MEBT	LLRF, controls, DTL, FPGA	552
	S.G. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea Y.G. Song KAERI, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) A 100 MeV proton linac of the Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC) has been operated for providing a proton beam to users. RF systems of two medium energy beam transports (MEBT) have been designed to improve a beam quality. An operating frequency of the MEBT RF system is 350 MHz, and the required RF power is 44 kW for MEBT-1 and 18 kW for MEBT-2. The RF duty is 9% (1.5 ms, 60 Hz), and an RF stability of ±1% in amplitude and ±1° in phase is required. The RF system includes a low-level RF (LLRF) control system, a solid state RF amplifier (SSPA) as a 60 kW SSPA for MEBT-1 and a 30 kW SSPA for MEBT-2, a coaxial circulator, and 3-1/8" coaxial line components. A RF power test to the MEBT has been performed with 4 kW SSPA before the full power operation. The configuration and high power test results of the MEBT RF system are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMY023
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MOPOR034	Numerical Space-Charge Compensation Studies and Comparison of Different Models	electron, simulation, space-charge, ion	674
	D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The design of many Low-Energy Beam Transport sections relies on the presence of space-charge compensation by particles of opposing charge. To improve understanding of the processes involved in the built-up and steady-state, simulations using the Particle-in-Cell code bender were made. We will present the influence of various system parameters on the results. Furthermore, the electron velocity distribution was found to be approximately thermal. The spatial distribution can then be found by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Such a model for the electron distribution was implemented in a 2D PIC code and applied to typical beam transport situations. We will present results in comparison to the 3D simulations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOR034
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MOPOR037	Beam Halo Measurements using Vibrating Wire at the KOMAC	experiment, target, laser, neutron	680
	D. Choe, M. Chung, S.Y. Kim UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea S.G. Arutunian, A.V. Margaryan ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia E.G. Lazareva YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
	In high-intensity particle accelerators, due to the fact that preventing beam loss plays a crucial role in con-ducting any experiments, it is important to measure and control the beam halo. Fortunately, it is feasible nowadays to measure the beam halo region thanks to the development of several sensitive beam scanning methods, including the vibrating wire technique. Since the vibrating wire is exceptionally sensitive to the heat deposition by the beam particles, it can be used to scanning the beam profile. This study will be concentrated on the precise beam profile measurement using the vibrating wire at the Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) facility. First, we describe the best condition to construct beam profile measurement experiment. Finally, we present the results of the beam halo measurements performed with 20 MeV proton beam at the KOMAC facility
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOR037
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MOPOR043	High-gradient Structures for Proton Energy Boosters	booster, linac, cavity, experiment	692
	S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV can improve radiography resolution ~10 times. The best current practice to achieve this energy boost is to employ superconducting (SC) RF cavities with gradients about 15 MV/m after the existing linac, which results in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a room-sized booster based on high-gradient (100s MV/m) room-temperature RF accelerating structures operating at low duty factors. Such high-gradient (HG) structures at very high RF frequencies have been demonstrated for electrons. However, they have never been used for protons because typical RF wavelengths are smaller than the proton bunch length. This is not a problem for proton radiography (pRad): a train of very short proton bunches with the same total length (10s ps) and charge as the original proton bunch will work as well, i.e., will create one radiography frame. Such a compact HG pRad booster can also be about an order of magnitude cheaper than the SC one. We explore feasibility of HG structures for protons and their application for a compact pRad booster at LANSCE.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOR043
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MOPOY001	MedAustron Synchrotron RF Commissioning for Medical Proton Beams	injection, acceleration, synchrotron, cavity	844
	C. Schmitzer, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	MedAustron is a medical accelerator facility for hadron therapy cancer treatment using protons and carbon ions. The Synchrotron is driven by a 0.47-3.26 MHz Finemet® loaded wideband cavity powered by 12x 1kW solid state amplifiers connected to a digital Low Level RF system. It was developed in collaboration with CERN and put to operation at MedAustron in early 2014. The main Synchrotron RF (sRF )commissioning steps for proton beams involved the setup of the adiabatic capture process, the setup of the frequency and voltage ramps and feedback loops for fast acceleration and the RF jump for extraction. The adiabatic capture process was optimized in terms of energy and voltage mismatch by analyzing longitudinal empty bucket scans after beam injection into the synchrotron. The acceleration ramp optimization was based on calculations using a software tool developed in-house and adapted experimentally to minimize losses at injection and during acceleration. This paper provides an overview of the acceleration system and describes the commissioning process of the sRF system and the related beam commissioning efforts at MedAustron.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY001
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MOPOY010	Simulations and Measurements of Stopbands in the Fermilab Recycler	simulation, resonance, space-charge, operation	864
	R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, K.J. Hazelwood, I. Kourbanis, E.G. Stern Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Fermilab has recently completed an upgrade to the complex with the goal of delivering 700 kW of beam power as 120 GeV protons to the NuMI target. A major part of boosting beam power is to use the Fermilab Recycler to stack protons. Simulations focusing on the betatron resonance stopbands are presented taking into account different effects such as intensity and chromaticity. Simulations are compared with measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY010
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MOPOY011	Estimating the Transverse Impedance in the Fermilab Recycler	impedance, quadrupole, dipole, vacuum	867
	R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, A.V. Burov, I. Kourbanis, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Impedance could represent a limitation of running high intensity bunches in the Fermilab recycler. With high intensity upgrades foreseen, it is important to quantify the impedance. To do this, studies have been performed measuring the tune shift as a function of bunch intensity allowing the transverse impedance to be derived.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY011
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MOPOY012	Space Charge Simulations in the Fermilab Recycler for PIP-II	simulation, space-charge, booster, experiment	870
	R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, I. Kourbanis, E.G. Stern Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is Fermilab's plan for providing powerful, high-intensity proton beams to the laboratory's experiments. Upgrades are foreseen for the recycler which will cope with bunches containing fifty percent more beam. Of particular concern is large space charge tune shifts caused by the intensity increase. Simulations performed using Synergia are detailed focusing on the space charge footprint.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY012
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MOPOY024	Development of a 325 MHz Ladder-RFQ of the 4-Rod-Type	rfq, linac, vacuum, ion	899
	M. Schütt, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In order to have an inexpensive alternative to 4-Vane RFQs above 200 MHz, we study the possibilities of a Ladder-RFQ. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR. This particular high frequency for an RFQ creates difficulties, which are challenging in developing a cavity. In order to define a satisfactory geometrical configuration for this resonator, both from the RF and the mechanical point of view, different designs have been examined and compared. Very promising results have been reached with a ladder type RFQ, which has been investigated since 2013. Due to its geometric size the manufacturing as well as maintenance is not that complex compared with welded accelerators. The manufacturing, coppering and assembling of a 0.8 m prototype RFQ is finished. We present recent measurements of the rf-field, frequency-tuning, field flatness and the mode spectrum.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY024
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MOPOY025	Electromagnetic Design of β=0.13, f=325 Mhz Half-Wave Resonator for Future High Power, High Intensity Proton Driver at KEK	cavity, linac, electron, rfq	902
	G.-T. Park, E. Kako, Y. Kobayashi, T. Koseki, S. Michizono, F. Naito, H. Nakai, K. Umemori, S. Yamaguchi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Maruta KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	At KEK, a proposal is being prepared for a new linac-based proton driver that can accelerate the proton beam up to 9 GeV with 9 MW beam power and 100 mA peak current. In this report, we present the study on the front end design of the linac, which will accelerate the beam to 1.2 GeV: The baseline layout, the acceleration energy structure, RF characteristics of components, cryomodule configurations, and the detailed design of half-wave resonator 1.
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MOPOY026	Baseline Design of a Proton Linac for BNCT at OIST	rfq, neutron, DTL, linac	906
	Y. Kondo, K. Hasegawa JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Y. Higashi, H. Sugawara, M. Yoshioka OIST, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan H. Kumada Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan S.-I. Kurokawa Cosylab, Tsukuba, Japan H. Matsumoto, F. Naito KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	A new facility to develop a proton linac based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and various neutron science is planned at Okinawa institute of science and technology (OIST). This facility aims to develop a prototype system of the mass production model of BNCT systems as medical apparatus. The beam power and the beam energy at the neutron production target are assumed to about 60 kW and 10 MeV, respectively. The energy will be finally decided to optimize the ratio of necessary epi-thermal and other energy of neutron. If the energy is 10 MeV, 60 kW beam power can be achieved with a beam current of 30 mA and a duty factor of 20%. The linac consists of an ECR ion source, a two-solenoid-magnet LEBT, a four-vane RFQ, and an Alvarez DTL, which are very conventional as components of proton linac. To make the accelerator compact, we are considering to use a 400-MHz band resonant frequency. As a medical apparatus, it is required that the linac system is stable and operated easily without experts of accelerator. The design of proton linac is one of the most important issues in our development. In this paper, the baseline design of this OIST BNCT linac is described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY026
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MOPOY040	Design of the 100 MeV Proton Beam Line for Low Flux Application	target, octupole, vacuum, beam-transport	938
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, C.R. Kim, H.S. Kim, S.G. Lee, S. Lee, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. KOMAC has been operating two beam lines for user service since 2013. A new beam line was completed in 2015 for radioisotope production and has a plan to be commissioned in 2016. Another beam line was proposed to supply low flux beam to users. The maximum energy and average current are 100 MeV and 10 nA. The beam line consists of collimator, energy degrader, dipole magnet for energy separation and octupole magnet for uniform beam production. In this paper, the design of the beam line and its components is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY040
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MOPOY042	The Perspective of Jinr Lu-20 Replacement by a Superconducting Linac	linac, simulation, ion, cavity	944
	S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, A.V. Samoshin, S.E. Toporkov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia M.A. Baturitski BSU, Minsk, Belarus A.V. Butenko, V. Monchinsky, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy ITEP, Moscow, Russia A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, S.V. Yurevich, A.Yu. Zhuravsky Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
	The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR. Existing Alvarez-type DTL linac LU-20 is now operates as injector of light ions, polarized protons and deuterons to Nuclotron for LHEP experimental program. It provides proton beam of 20 MeV energy and light ions of 5 MeV/u energy. In 2015 the cascade transformer 800 kV which is pre-accelerator of LU-20 had been replaced by the new RFQ linac (energy 155 keV for ions with Z/A<0.5). The proposal on Alvarez linac LU-20 upgrade by a superconducting light ion linac with energy up to 50 MeV is discussed in this report.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY042
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MOPOY045	ESS Linac Beam Physics Design Update	linac, rfq, DTL, target	947
	M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, R. De Prisco, A. Jansson, Y.I. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to bombard the tungsten target with the high intensity protons beam for producing intense beams of neutrons. The nominal average beam power of the linac is 5~MW with a peak beam power at target of 125~MW. This paper focuses on the beam dynamics design of the ESS linac and the diagnostics elements used for the tuning of the lattice and matching between sections.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY045
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MOPOY047	Studies of Ultimate Intensity Limits for High Power Proton Linacs	linac, DTL, rfq, emittance	951
	D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom M.O. Boenig, A.E. Geisler, O. Heid Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany I.V. Konoplev, A. Seryi, S.L. Sheehy JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	Although modern high power proton machines can now routinely deliver MW level operating powers, the next generation accelerators will be required to reach powers orders of magnitude higher. Significant developments will be needed both in technology and in understanding the limits of high intensity operation. The present study investigates the beam dynamics in three experimental linac designs when the beam intensity is increased above current levels such that for CW regimes, beam powers of up to 400 MW can be attained. In the first, a 1 A proton beam is accelerated to 400 MeV using normal conducting structures. In the second, a comparison is made when two front ends accelerate 0.5 A beams to ~20 MeV where they are funnelled to 1 A and accelerated to 400 MeV. Similarly, in the third, two 0.25 A beams are funnelled to 0.5 A and then accelerated in superconducting structures to 800 MeV. In addition, alternative unconventional methods of generating high current beams are also discussed. The further studies that are needed to be undertaken in the future are outlined, but it is considered that the three linac configurations found are sufficiently promising for detailed technical designs to follow.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY047
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MOPOY059	LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN	ion, injection, linac, brightness	992
	E.N. Shaposhnikova, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, L. Kobzeva, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, M. Vretenar CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A massive improvement program of the LHC injector chain is presently being conducted under the LIU project. For the proton chain, this includes the replacement of Linac2 with Linac4 as well as all necessary upgrades to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), aimed at producing beams with the challenging High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) parameters. Regarding the heavy ions, plans to improve the performance of Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) are also pursued under the general LIU program. The full LHC injection chain returned to operation after Long Shutdown 1, with extended beam studies taking place in Run 2. A general project Cost and Schedule Review also took place in March 2015, and several dedicated LIU project reviews were held to address issues awaiting pending decisions. In view of these developments, 2014 and 2015 have been key years to define a number of important aspects of the final LIU path. This paper will describe the reviewed LIU roadmap and revised performance objectives of the main upgrades, including the work status and outlook in terms of the required installation and commissioning stages.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY059
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TUOAA01	Operation of LANSCE Linear Accelerator with Double Pulse Rate and Low Beam Losses	beam-losses, linac, DTL, operation	1004
	Y.K. Batygin, J.S. Kolski, R.C. McCrady, L. Rybarcyk LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 In 2014 LANSCE accelerator facility return to 120 Hz pulse rate operation after long period of operation at 60 Hz pulse rate. Increased capabilities require careful tuning of all components of linear accelerator. Transformation to double pulse rate resulted in re-evaluation of tuning procedures in order to meet new challenges in beam operation. The paper summarizes experimental activity on sustaining of high productivity of accelerator facility while keeping beam losses along accelerator at the low level.
	Slides TUOAA01 [14.886 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUOAA01
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TUOAA03	Long Term Plans to Increase Fermilab's Proton Intensity to Meet the Needs of the Long Baseline Neutrino Program	linac, booster, experiment, injection	1010
	E. Prebys, P. Adamson, S.C. Childress, P. Derwent, S.D. Holmes, I. Kourbanis, V.A. Lebedev, W. Pellico, A. Romanenko, V.D. Shiltsev, E.G. Stern, A. Valishev, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. The flagship of Fermilab's long term research program is the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), located Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, which will study neutrino oscillations with a baseline of 1300 km. The neutrinos will be produced in the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), a proposed new beam line from Fermilab's Main Injector. The physics goals of the DUNE require a proton beam with a power of roughly 2.5 MW at 120 GeV, which is roughly five times the current maximum power. This poster outlines the staged plan to achieve the required power over the next 15 years.
	Slides TUOAA03 [4.129 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUOAA03
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TUOBB03	CERN AWAKE Facility Readiness for First Beam	plasma, laser, electron, diagnostics	1071
	C. Bracco, M. Bernardini, A.C. Butterworth, H. Damerau, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, E. Gschwendtner, W. Höfle, A. Pardons, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The AWAKE project at CERN was approved in August 2013 and since then a big effort was made to be able to probe the acceleration of electrons before the "2019-2020 Long Shutdown". The next steps in this challenging schedule will be a dry run of all the beam line systems, at the end of the HW commissioning in June 2016, and the first proton beam sent to the plasma cell one month later. The current status of the project is presented together with an outlook over the foreseen works for operation with electrons in 2018.
	Slides TUOBB03 [10.682 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUOBB03
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TUZB01	High Power Proton Beam Targets: Technological Evolution, Current Challenges, and the Future	target, neutron, operation, radiation	1075
	J. Galambos ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This talk reviews the history of proton beam target development and the current challenges associated with the operation of high power beam targets. Beyond providing high power proton beams, accelerator facilities must also engineer robust targets to accept the load and satisfy mission needs. Recently some high power facilities are limited by target operations, rather than accelerator capabilities. The outlook for targets for future high power facilities is also considered.
	Slides TUZB01 [8.971 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUZB01
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TUPMB052	High Intensity Beam Test of Low Z Materials for the Upgrade of SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Collimators and LHC Injection Absorbers	experiment, simulation, injection, radiation	1218
	F.L. Maciariello, O. Aberle, M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, R. Folch, V. Kain, K. Karagiannis, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Lechner, F.-X. Nuiry, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, the collimators in the SPS-to LHC transfer lines will undergo important modifications. The changes to these collimators will allow them to cope with beam brightness and intensity levels much increased with respect to their original design parameters: nominal and ultimate LHC. The necessity for replacement of the current materials will need to be confirmed by a test in the High Radiation to Materials (HRM) facility at CERN. This test will involve low Z materials (such as Graphite and 3-D Carbon/Carbon composite), and will recreate the worst case scenario those materials could see when directly impacted by High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) or Batch Compression Merging and Splitting (BCMS) beams. Thermo-structural simulations used for the material studies and research, the experiment preparation phase, the experiment itself, pre irradiation analysis (including ultrasound and metrology tests on the target materials), the results and their correlation with numerical simulations will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB052
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TUPMR002	Suppression of Concomitant Flow of Charged Particles in the Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation	ion, electron, vacuum, neutron	1225
	S.Yu. Taskaev, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the Grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. A source of epithermal neutrons based on a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of malignant tumors was proposed and constructed. Stationary proton beam with 2 MeV energy, 1.6 mA current, 0.1% energy monochromaticity and 0.5% current stability was obtained. The flow of charged particles accompanying the accelerated ion beam was detected and measured. To suppress this concomitant flow cooled diaphragm, cryopump and the electrostatic ring were installed in the input of accelerator. The surface of the vacuum vessel was covered with netting to suppress secondary electron emission. These steps have reduced the flow of charged particles 25 % of the ion beam to 0.5 % and to increase the current proton beam 3 times - up to 4.5 mA. The paper presents the results of research and declares plans to use the accelerator for the BNCT. D. Kasatov, et al. JINST 9 (2014) P12016. ** D. Kasatov, et al. Technical Physics Letters 41 (2015) 139-141.
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TUPMR003	Three-fold Increase of the Proton Beam Current in the Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator	ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, electron	1228
	I.M. Shchudlo, V. Dokutovich, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: The study was supported by the Grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics In BINP neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer based on the vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target for neutron generation was constructed. After optimization of the injection of negative hydrogen ions and modernization of the stripping target 1.6 mA 2 MeV proton beam was obtained. Improvements of the accelerator to suppress accompanying electron current were introduced, and after making changes to protection system of high voltage power supply a stable proton beam with a current of 4.5 mA was obtained. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the beam is accelerated without losses. Obtaining of proton beam with the current of more than 3 mA offers the prospects of using of accelerators for BNCT in cancer clinics.
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TUPMR004	Simulations of High Current NuMI Magnetic Horn Striplines at FNAL	simulation, experiment, target, focusing	1230
	T. Sipahi, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Both the NuMI (Neutrinos and the Main Injector) beam line, that has been providing intense neutrino beams for several Fermilab experiments (MINOS, MINERVA, NOVA), and the newly proposed LBNF (Long Baseline Neutrino Facility) beam line which plans to produce the highest power neutrino beam in the world for DUNE (the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) need pulsed magnetic horns to focus the mesons which decay to produce the neutrinos. The high-current horn and stripline design has been evolving as NuMI reconfigures for higher beam power and to meet the needs of the LBNF design. The CSU particle accelerator group has aided the neutrino physics experiments at Fermilab by producing EM simulations of magnetic horns and the required high-current striplines. In this paper, we present calculations, using the Poisson and ANSYS Maxwell 3D codes, of the EM interaction of the stripline plates of the NuMI horns at critical stress points. In addition, we give the electrical simulation results using the ANSYS Electric code. These results are being used to support the development of evolving horn stripline designs to handle increased electrical current and higher beam power for NuMI upgrades and for LBNF
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TUPMR016	Research and Development of a Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy	cyclotron, cavity, simulation, extraction	1262
	G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei (China) and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia), the development of a superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is started. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for further research and development of cancer therapy by protons. Now we present main parameters of cyclotron and simulation results of magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems.
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TUPMR017	Computer Modeling of Magnet for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron	cyclotron, extraction, simulation, focusing	1265
	N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Song, J. Zheng ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 mkA. By computer simulation with 3D codes the cyclotron magnet principal parameters were estimated (pole radius 0.62 m, outer diameter 2.2 m, valley depth 0.3 m, height 1.22 m, weight ~30 t). The required isochronous magnetic field is shaped with accuracy some mT. Four fold symmetry and spiralized sectors with minimal gap 4 mm at extraction provide the stable beam acceleration till 10 mm from the pole edge.
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TUPMR019	Measurements of the Beam Phase Response to Correcting Magnetic Fields in PSI Cyclotrons	cyclotron, simulation, diagnostics, operation	1271
	A.S. Parfenova, C. Baumgarten, J.M. Humbel, A.C. Mezger PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland A.V. Petrenko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The cyclotron-based proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at PSI is presently operated at 1.3-1.4 MW beam power at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV/u to drive the neutron spallation source SINQ and for production of pion and muon beams. Over the years HIPA facility has developed towards increase of the delivered beam current and beam power (0.1 mA in 1974 till 2.2 mA in 2010). During the last few years several upgrades of the Ring cyclotron field correction and beam phase monitoring systems were made. RF voltage was also increased. In order to test the performance of the upgraded system the phase response measurements were carried out.
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TUPMR025	Design of the LBNF Beamline	target, shielding, operation, extraction	1291
	V. Papadimitriou, K. Ammigan, J.E. Anderson, K. Anderson, R. Andrews, V.T. Bocean, C.F. Crowley, N. Eddy, B.D. Hartsell, S. Hays, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, J.A. Johnstone, P.H. Kasper, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, P. Schlabach, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, S. Tariq, L.R. Valerio, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, G.L. Vogel, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.J. Densham STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to provide and aim a neutrino beam of sufficient intensity and appropriate energy range toward DUNE detectors, placed deep underground at the SURF Facility in South Dakota. The primary proton beam (60 - 120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab's Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 194 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The Beamline facility is designed for initial operation at a proton-beam power of 1.2 MW, with the capability to support an upgrade to 2.4 MW. LBNF/DUNE obtained CD-1 approval in November 2015. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as the R&D and plans for improvements before baselining the facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR025
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TUPMR027	CERN's Fixed Target Primary Ion Programme	ion, extraction, target, experiment	1297
	D. Manglunki, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, J.A. Ferreira Somoza, A. Findlay, P. Freyermuth, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, E.B. Holzer, S. Jensen, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, A.I. Michet, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The renewed availability of heavy ions at CERN for the needs of the LHC programme has triggered the interest of the fixed-target community. The project, which involves sending several species of primary ions at various energies to the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron, has now entered its operational phase. The first argon run, with momenta ranging from 13 AGeV/c to 150 AGeV/c, took place from February 2015 to April 2015. This paper presents the status of the project, the performance achieved thus far and an outlook on future plans.
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TUPMR035	HEBT Commissioning for Horizontal Beamline Proton Treatments at MedaAustron	quadrupole, extraction, alignment, synchrotron	1324
	C. Kurfürst, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	MedAustron has completed its proton commissioning activities for clinical treatment in the horizontal Irradiation Room 3 (IR3). Work involved the preparation of 255 energies in clinical range (60 - 250 MeV) for one spill length, one spot size and 4 intensity levels. After resonant slow extraction, the beam crosses four different functional areas in the High Energy Beam Transfer Line (HEBT): the dispersion suppressor (DS), the phase shifter stepper (PSS), two straight extension modules and a deflection module to IR3. Quadrupole-variation methods were applied to center the beam in the beamline. The DS section was commissioned to provide high intensity beams with closed dispersion. The PSS section was commissioned to provide symmetric and minimal spot sizes at the iso-center in the room (after scattering in the nozzle and air). The definition of the 255 clinical energies was given by the Medical Physics team after measuring the beam ranges at the iso-center.
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TUPMR037	Betatron Core Driven Slow Extraction at CNAO and MedAustron	extraction, betatron, synchrotron, resonance	1330
	M. G. Pullia, E. Bressi, L. Falbo, C. Priano, S. Rossi, C. Viviani CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	The Italian Centre for Hadrontherapy (CNAO) and the MedAustron Hadrontherapy Center in Austria are synchrotron-based medical therapy centers. The CNAO machine has five years of experience in patient treatments, whereas MedAustron will soon start patient treatments with protons. Their accelerator systems have common characteristics, in particular in regards to the extraction system: at acceleration flattop, particles are slowly driven through the third integer resonance longitudinally by a betatron core. This setup enables smooth extracted beam intensities. The rationale behind the use of a betatron core, its impact on the extracted beam quality and the performance from operation and commissioning of the two centers will be here presented.
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TUPMR038	The Experimental Beam Line at CNAO	ion, synchrotron, betatron, extraction	1334
	M. G. Pullia, S. Alpegiani, J. Bosser, E. Bressi, L. Casalegno, G. Ciavola, M. Ciocca, M. Donetti, A. Facoetti, L. Falbo, M. Ferrarini, S. Foglio, S.G. Gioia, V. Lante, L. Lanzavecchia, R. Monferrato, A. Parravicini, M. Pezzetta, C. Priano, E. Rojatti, S. Rossi, S. Savazzi, S. Sironi, S. Toncelli, G. Venchi, B. Vischioni, S. Vitulli, C. Viviani CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy G. Battistoni Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy L. Celona, S. Gammino, S. Passarello INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Clozza, E. Di Pasquale, A. Ghigo, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, M. Serio INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy M. Del Franco Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy S. Giordanengo INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy A.G. Lanza INFN - Pavia, Pavia, Italy R. Sacchi Torino University, Torino, Italy
	The CNAO center has been conceived since the beginning with three treatment rooms and an 'experimental room' where research can be carried out without hindering the clinical activity. The room itself was built since the beginning, but the beam line was planned at a second moment in time to give priority to the treatments. The experimental room beam line has now been designed to be 'general purpose', to be used for research in different fields. Possible activities could be, as an example, irradiation of cells, test of beam monitors, development of in-beam monitoring devices or radiation hardness studies. In a second stage a third source will be added to the present two in order to carry on experiments with additional ion species besides the two used presently for treatments, protons and carbon ions. In this paper a description of the design and of the construction status is given.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR038
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TUPMR042	Transverse Profile Expansion and Homogenization for the Beamline of XIPAF	target, experiment, optics, simulation	1346
	Z. Yang, C.T. Du, X. Guan, W. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.J. Yao, S.X. Zheng TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	For the Xi'an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), one important thing is to produce more homog-enous beam profile at the target to fulfill the requirements of the beam application. Here the beam line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion and homogenization, and the step-like field magnets are employed for the beam spot homogenization. The simulations results including space charge effects and errors show that the beam line can meet the requirements well at the different energies (from 10 MeV to 230 MeV) and different beam spot size (from 20mm to 200mm).
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TUPMR044	Beam Test of the New Beamline for Radio-Isotope Production at KOMAC	target, vacuum, linac, isotope-production	1349
	H.S. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning). A high power proton linac is under operation at Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC). Currently, two beamlines are available and used to provide 20-MeV beam and 100-MeV beam to users from various fields. An additional 100-MeV beamline has been constructed mainly for production of radio-isotopes such as Sr-82 and Cu-67. Proton beam with the beam energy of 100 MeV and the average current of 0.6 mA is directed to the production target, which is located in a water-filled target chamber, through a beam window made of AlBeMet. The beam size at the target is designed to be about 100 mm in diameter. Installation of the beamline components including 1.5 T bending magnet and the beam diagnostic devices such as BPM and BCM is finished and beam commissioning is planned to start in early 2016. The details of newly-constructed beamline and the initial beam test results will be given in this paper.
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TUPMR048	SPS Injection and Beam Quality for LHC Heavy Ions With 150 ns Kicker Rise Time	injection, ion, kicker, damping	1360
	B. Goddard, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, G. Kotzian, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	As part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project for LHC heavy ions, the SPS injection kicker system rise time needs reduction below its present 225 ns. One technically challenging option under consideration is the addition of fast Pulse Forming Lines in parallel to the existing Pulse Forming Networks for the 12 kicker magnets MKP-S, targeting a system field rise time of 100 ns. An alternative option is to optimise the system to approach the existing individual magnet field rise time (2-98%) of 150 ns. This would still significantly increase the number of colliding bunches in LHC while minimising the cost and effort of the system upgrade. The observed characteristics of the present system are described, compared to the expected system rise time, together with results of simulations and measurements with 175 and 150 ns injection batch spacing. The expected beam quality at injection into LHC is quantified, with the emittance growth and simulated tail population taking into account expected jitter and synchronisation errors, damper performance and SPS non-linear optics behavior. The outlook for deployment is discussed, with the implications for LHC operation and HL-LHC performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR048
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TUPMR050	Upgrades to the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Beam Stoppers for the LHC High-Luminosity Era	extraction, simulation, kicker, brightness	1367
	V. Kain, R. Esposito, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, M. Meddahi, A. Perillo Marcone, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Each of the 3 km long transfer lines between the SPS and the LHC is equipped with two beam stoppers (TEDs), one at the beginning of the line and one close to the LHC injection point, which need to absorb the full transferred beam. The beam stoppers are used for setting up the SPS extractions and transfer lines with beam without having to inject into the LHC. Energy deposition and thermo-mechanical simulations have, however, shown that the TEDs will not be robust enough to safely absorb the high intensity beams foreseen for the high-luminosity LHC era. This paper will summarize the simulation results and limitations for upgrading the beam stoppers. An outline of the hardware upgrade strategy for the TEDs together with modifications to the SPS extraction interlock system to enforce intensity limitations for beam on the beam stoppers will be given.
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TUPMR051	New Spill Control for the Slow Extraction in the Multi-Cycling SPS	quadrupole, extraction, controls, target	1371
	V. Kain, K. Cornelis, E. Effinger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The flux of particles slow extracted with the 1/3 integer resonance from the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN was previously controlled with a servo-spill feedback system which acted on the horizontal tune such as to keep the spill rate as constant as possible during the whole extraction time. The current in two servo-quadrupoles was modulated as a function of the difference between the measured and the desired spill rate. With servo quadrupoles at a single location in the SPS ring and the SPS in multi-cycling mode, the trajectory of the slow extracted beam was seen to change from cycle to cycle depending on the current applied by the servo feedback. Hence this system was replaced by a feed-forward tune correction using the main SPS quadrupoles. In this way the spill control can now be guaranteed without changing the trajectory of the extracted beam. This paper presents the algorithm and implementation in the control system and summarizes the advantages of the new approach. The obtained spill characteristics will be discussed. The technique implemented for the additional reduction of the 50 Hz noise on the spill structure will also be briefly outlined.
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TUPMR052	Commissioning Preparation of the AWAKE Proton Beam Line	laser, plasma, experiment, extraction	1374
	J.S. Schmidt, B. Biskup, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, R. Gorbonosov, M. Gourber-Pace, E. Gschwendtner, L.K. Jensen, O.R. Jones, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The AWAKE experiment at CERN will use a proton bunch with an momentum of 400 GeV/c from the SPS to drive large amplitude wakefields in a plasma. This will require a ~830 m long transfer line from the SPS to the experiment. The prepa- rations for the beam commissioning of the AWAKE proton transfer line are presented in this paper. They include the detailed planning of the commissioning steps, controls and beam instrumentation specifications as well as operational tools, which are developed for the steering and monitoring of the beam line. The installation of the transfer line has been finished and first beam is planned in summer 2016.
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TUPMR053	Initial Experience with Carbon Stripping Foils at ISIS	injection, operation, synchrotron, vacuum	1378
	B. Jones, D.J. Adams, H. V. Smith STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a spallation neutron and muon source based upon a 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron accelerating ~3×10¹³ protons per pulse from 70 to 800 MeV to deliver a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to two target stations. Throughout its 30 years of operation ISIS has developed aluminium oxide foils in-house for H− charge exchange injection. The manufacturing and installation processes for these foils are time consuming, radiologically dose intensive and require a high degree of skill. Commercially available carbon based foils commonly used at other facilities, have the potential to greatly simplify foil preparation and installation in addition to improving beam quality. Similar foils would also be necessary for facility upgrades which increase injection energy to withstand the higher operating temperatures. This paper describes the initial experience of carbon foils in the ISIS synchrotron including issues relating to handling and mounting foils, their performance under beam operation and plans for further development.
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TUPMR054	Simulation of the FCC-hh Collimation System	collimation, betatron, insertion, simulation	1381
	J. Molson, P. Bambade, S. Chancé, A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France
	Funding: Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. Funding also from ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02. The proposed CERN FCC-hh proton-proton collider will operate at unprecedented per-particle (50 TeV) and total stored beam energies (8.4 GJ). These high energies create the requirement for an efficient collimation system in order to protect the accelerator components and experiments. In order to verify the performance of proposed collimation system designs, loss map simulations have been performed using the code Merlin. Results for the current baseline layout are presented for both betatron and off-momentum loss maps.
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TUPMR055	Solid Targetry for the Isotope Production Facility at the KOMAC 100 MeV Linac	target, coupling, isotope-production, shielding	1384
	S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, Y.G. Song Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea D.I. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: *This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of the Korean Government. The construction of the isotope production facility was recently completed on the 100 MeV proton linac at the KOMAC (Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex). To produce the Sr-82 and Cu-67, we have prepared the solid targetry which consist of target transportation system , target cooling system and a hot-cell for remote handling. The Isotope production targets are made of RbCl pellet and stainless steel cladding. For the proton beam irradiation, the targets are transported by target drive system which consist of drive chain and guide rail by remotely. In this paper, we will report the detailed design, fabrication and operation status of the solid targetry at the KOMAC isotope production facility.
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TUPMR057	High Current Proton and Carbon Beam Operation via Stripping of a Molecular Beam at GSI UNILAC	ion, linac, operation, ion-source	1390
	M. Heilmann, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, P. Scharrer, W. Vinzenz, H. Vormann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, P. Scharrer HIM, Mainz, Germany Ch.E. Düllmann Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany P. Scharrer Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
	The experimental program of the future facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) project requires a high number of cooled anti-protons per hour. The FAIR proton injector linac has to deliver a 70 MeV, 35 mA pulsed proton beam at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. During recent machine investigations at the GSI a high current proton beam was achieved in the Universal Lineral Accelerator (UNILAC). In preparation for this the ion source was equipped with a newly developed 7-hole extraction system and optimized for single charged hydrocarbon beam (isobutane gas) operation. This beam was accelerated to 1.4 MeV/u and cracked in a new pulsed gas stripper into protons and charged carbon. The new stripper setup injects high density gas pulses synchronous with the transit of the beam pulse close to the beam trajectory. With this setup a proton (up to 4.3 mA) as well a carbon beam (up to 9.5 mA) intensity record at beam energy of 1.4 MeV was achieved. The proton beam was accelerated up to 3.6 MeV/u inside the first Alvarez-section with full transmission. The paper will present beam measurement in comparison to the former beam investigations using a 2 mA proton beam in the entire UNILAC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR057
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TUPMW001	SPPC Parameter Choice and Lattice Design	dipole, lattice, collider, quadrupole	1400
	F. Su Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China S. Bai, T.J. Bian, Y.K. Chen, J. Gao, J.Y. Tang, D. Wang, Y. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In this paper we showed a systematic method of appropriate parameter choice for a circular pp collider by using analytical expression of beam-beam tune shift limit started from given design goal and technical limitations. Based on parameters scan, we obtain a set of parameters for SPPC with different circumferences like 54km, 78km or 100km and different energies like 70TeV or 100TeV. We also showed the first version of SPPC lattice although it needs lots of work to do and to be optimized.
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TUPMW002	LHC Luminosity Modeling for RUNII	luminosity, emittance, radiation, scattering	1403
	F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, M. Hostettler, M. Lamont, S. Papadopoulou, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, M. Pojer, B. Salvachua, M. Wyszynski CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project After a long shut-down (LS1), LHC restarted its operation on April 2015 at a record energy of 6.5TeV, achieving soon a good luminosity performance. In this paper, a luminosity model based on the three main components of the LHC luminosity degradation (intrabeam scattering, synchrotron radiation and luminosity burn-off), is compared with data from runII. Based on the observations, other sources of luminosity degradation are discussed and the model is refined. Finally, based on the experience from runI and runII, the model is used for integrated luminosity projections for the HL-LHC beam parameters.
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TUPMW004	Assessment and Mitigation of the Proton-Proton Collision Debris Impact on the FCC Triplet	shielding, detector, quadrupole, dipole	1410
	M.I. Besana, F. Cerutti, S.D. Fartoukh, R. Martin, R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Martin Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
	The Future Circular hadron Collider (FCC-hh), which is designed to operate at a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV and to deliver ambitious targets in terms of both instantaneous and integrated luminosity, poses extreme challenges in terms of machine protection during operation and with respect to long-term damages. Energy deposition studies are a crucial ingredient for its design. One of the relevant radiation sources are collision debris particles, which de- posit their energy in the interaction region elements and in particular in the superconducting magnet coils of the final focus triplet quadrupoles, to be protected from the risk of quenching and deterioration. In this contribution, the collision debris will be characterised and expectations obtained with FLUKA will be presented, including magnet lifetime considerations. New techniques including crossing angle gymnastics for peak dose deposition mitigation (as recently introduced in the framework of the LHC operation), will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW004
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TUPMW016	Effect of the LHC Beam Screen Baffle on the Electron Cloud Buildup	electron, simulation, shielding, dipole	1454
	A. Romano, G. Iadarola, K.S.B. Li, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project Electron Cloud (EC) has been identified as one of the major intensity-limiting factors in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to the EC, an additional heat load is deposited on the perforated LHC beam screen, for which only a small cooling capacity is available. In order to preserve the superconducting state of the magnets, pumping slots shields were added on the outer side of the beam screens. In the framework of the design of the beam screens of the new HL-LHC triplets, the impact of these shields on the multipacting process was studied with macroparticle simulations. For this purpose multiple new features had to be introduced in the PyECLOUD code. This contribution will describe the implemented simulation model and summarize the outcome of this study.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW016
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TUPMW021	Roman Pot Insertions in High-Intensity Beams for the CT-PPS Project at LHC	insertion, impedance, luminosity, vacuum	1473
	M. Deile, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, B. Salvant, G. Valentino CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CMS-TOTEM Precision Proton Spectrometer (CT-PPS) at the LHC IP5 aims at exploring diffractive physics at high luminosity in standard LHC fills. It is based on 14 Roman Pots (RPs), designed to host tracking and time-of-flight detectors for measuring the kinematics of leading protons. To reach the physics goals, the RPs will finally have to approach the beams to distances of 15 beam σs (i.e. ~1.5 mm) or closer. After problems with showers and impedance heating in first high-luminosity RP insertions in 2012, the LS1 of LHC was used for upgrades in view of impedance minimisation and for adding new collimators to intercept RP-induced showers. In 2015 the effectiveness of these improvements was shown by successfully inserting the RPs in all LHC beam intensity steps to a first-phase distance of ~25 σs. This contribution reviews the measurements of debris showers and impedance effects, i.e. the data from Beam Loss Monitors, beam vacuum gauges and temperature sensors. The dependences of the observables on the luminosity are shown. Extrapolations to L=10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 and smaller distances to the beam do not indicate any fundamental problems. The plans for 2016 are outlined.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW021
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TUPMW023	Macroparticle-Induced Losses During 6.5 TeV LHC Operation	operation, electron, beam-losses, luminosity	1481
	G. Papotti, M. Albert, B. Auchmann, E.B. Holzer, M.K. Kalliokoski, A. Lechner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	One of the major performance limitations for operating the LHC at high energy was feared to be the so called UFOs (Unidentified Falling Objects, presumably micrometer sized dust particles which lead to fast beam losses when they interact with the beam). Indeed much higher rates were observed in 2015 compared to Run 1, and about 20 fills were prematurely terminated by too high losses caused by such events. Additionally they triggered a few beam induced quenches at high energy, the first in the history of the LHC. In this paper we review the latest update on the analysis of these events, e.g. the conditioning observed during the year and possible correlations with beam and machine parameters. At the same time we also review the optimization of beam loss monitor thresholds in terms of machine protection and availability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW023
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TUPMW025	Machine Protection from Fast Crab Cavity Failures in the High Luminosity LHC	cavity, collimation, simulation, luminosity	1485
	A. Santamaría García, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, F. Cerutti, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Lechner, K.N. Sjobak, A. Tsinganis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Kwee-Hinzmann Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The time constant of a crab cavity (CC) failure can be faster than the reaction time of the active protection system. In such a scenario, the beams cannot be immediately extracted, making the the protection of the machine rely on the passive protection devices. At the same time, the energy stored in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams will be doubled with respect to the LHC to more than 700 MJ, which increases the risk of damaging the machine and the experiments in a failure scenario. In this study we estimate the impact that different CC failures have on the collimation system. We also give a first quantitative estimate of the effect of these failures on the elements near the experiments based on FLUKA simulations, using an updated HL-LHC baseline.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW025
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TUPMW037	Luminosity Targets for FCC-hh	luminosity, collider, hadron, detector	1523
	F. Zimmermann, M. Benedikt, X. Buffat, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Supported by the European Commission under the Capacities 7th Framework Programme project EuCARD-2, grant agreement 312453, and under the HORIZON 2020 project EuroCirCol, grant agreement 654305. We discuss the choice of target values for the peak and integrated luminosity of a future high-energy frontier circular hadron collider (FCC-hh). We review the arguments on the physics reach of a hadron collider. Next we show that accelerator constraints will limit the beam current and the turnaround time. Taking these limits into account, we derive an expression for the ultimate integrated luminosity per year, depending on a possible pile-up limit imposed by the physics experiments. We finally benchmark our result against the planned two phases of FCC-hh.
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TUPMW038	RHIC Operation with Asymmetric Collisions in 2015	operation, injection, emittance, cavity	1527
	C. Liu, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, S.K. Nayak, S. Nemesure, P.H. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Collisions with beams of highly asymmetric rigidities (proton-Gold and proton-Aluminum) were provided for the RHIC physics programs in 2015. Magnets were moved for the first time in RHIC prior to the run to accommodate the asymmetric beam trajectories during acceleration and at store. A special ramping scheme was designed to keep the revolution frequencies of the beams in the two rings equal. The unique operational experience of the asymmetric run will be reviewed.
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TUPMW040	Beam-beam Simulation for the 2015 RHIC Proton Run with Electron Lenses	dynamic-aperture, electron, lattice, simulation	1533
	Y. Luo, W. Fischer, X. Gu, G. Robert-Demolaize, V. Schoefer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Electron lenses were used for head-on beam-beam compensation for the first time in the 2015 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 100~GeV polarized proton run. Lattices with the achromatic telescopic squeeze (ATS) scheme of β^* are adopted to improve the off-momentum dynamic aperture. The phase advances between the electron lenses to one of the two collisional points are set to kπ to minimize the beam-beam resonance driving terms. In this article, we present the results from weak-strong and strong-strong beam-beam simulations with head-on beam-beam compensations for these lattices. Simulations are also carried out aiming to explain the observations from operation.
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TUPMY005	A Muon Source Proton Driver at JPARC-based Parameters	injection, booster, linac, operation	1550
	D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy. An "ultimate" high intensity proton source for neutrino factories and/or muon colliders was projected to be a ~4 MW multi-GeV proton source providing short, intense proton pulses at ~15 Hz. The JPARC ~1 MW accelerators provide beam at parameters that in many respects overlap these goals. Proton pulses from the JPARC Main Ring can readily meet the pulsed intensity goals. We explore these parameters, describing the overlap and consider extensions that may take a JPARC-like facility toward this "ultimate" source. JPARC itself could serve as a stage 1 source for such a facility.
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TUPMY008	Phase Rotation of Muon Beams for Producing Intense Low-energy Muon Beams	experiment, simulation, target, solenoid	1556
	Y. Bao, Y. Bao, G. Hansen UCR, Riverside, California, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Low-energy muon beams are useful for rare decay researches, providing access to new physics that cannot be addressed at high-energy colliders. However, the large initial energy spread of the muon beam greatly limits the efficiency of muon applications. In this paper we outline a phase rotation method to significantly increase the intensity of low-energy muons. The muons are first produced by a short pulsed proton driver, and after a drift channel they form a time-momentum correlation. A series of rf cavities is used to bunch the muons and then phase rotate the bunches so that all the bunches reaches a momentum around 100 MeV/c. Then another group of rf cavities is used to decelerate the muon bunches to low-energy. Such a method produces low-energy muons with an efficiency of 0.1 muon per 8 GeV proton, which is significantly higher than the current Mu2e experiment at Fermilab, and it provides the possibility for the next generation rare decay researches.
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TUPMY009	MuSim, a Graphical User Interface for Multiple Simulation Programs	simulation, interface, electron, real-time	1559
	T.J. Roberts, M.A.C. Cummings, R.P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	MuSim is a new user-friendly program designed to interface to many different particle simulation codes, regardless of their data formats or geometry descriptions. It presents the user with a compelling graphical user interface that includes a flexible 3-D view of the simulated world plus powerful editing and drag-and-drop capabilities. All aspects of the design can be parametrized so that parameter scans and optimizations are easy. It is simple to create plots and display events in the 3-D viewer (with a slider to vary the transparency of solids), allowing for an effortless comparison of different simulation codes. Simulation codes: G4beamline, MAD-X, and MCNP; more coming. Many accelerator design tools and beam optics codes were written long ago, with primitive user interfaces by today's standards. MuSim is specifically designed to make it easy to interface to such codes, providing a common user experience for all, and permitting the construction and exploration of models with very little overhead. For today's technology-driven students, graphical interfaces meet their expectations far better than text-based tools, and education in accelerator physics is one of our primary goals.
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TUPMY016	Design of a Collection and Selection System for High Energy Laser-driven Ion Beams	laser, ion, dipole, quadrupole	1581
	F. Schillaci, L. Allegra, A. Amato, L. Andò, G.A.P. Cirrone, M. Costa, G. Cuttone, G. De Luca, G. Gallo, J. Pipek, F. Romano INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Korn, D. Margarone, V. Scuderi ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic M. Maggiore INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Funding: ELI-Beamlines Contract n.S14-187, LaserGen(CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0057), Ministry of Education of Czech Rep.(reg. No.CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0061), the FZU, AVCR, v.v.i and the project financed by ESF and Czech Rep. Laser-target acceleration represents a very promising alternative to conventional accelerators for several potential applications, from the nuclear physics to the medical ones. However, some extreme features, not suitable for multidisciplinary applications, as the wide energy and angular spreads are typical of optically accelerated ion beams. Therefore, beyond the improvements at the laser-target interaction level, a lot of efforts have been recently devoted to the development of specific beam-transport devices in order to obtain controlled and reproducible output beams. In this framework, a three years contract has been signed between INFN-LNS (IT) and Eli-Beamlines-IoP (CZ) to provide the design and the realization of a complete transport beam-line, named ELIMED, dedicated to the transport, diagnostics and dosimetry of laser-driven ion beams. The transport devices will be composed by a set of super-strong permanent magnet quadrupoles able to collect and focus laser driven ions up to 70MeV/u, and a magnetic chicane made of conventional electromagnetic dipole to select particles within a narrow energy range. Here, the design and development of these magnetic systems is described.
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TUPMY019	CLAPA Proton Beam Line in Peking University	laser, target, plasma, ion	1592
	J.G. Zhu, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, H.Y. Lu, W.J. Ma, L. Tao, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Comparing with the conventional accelerator, the laser plasma accelerator can accelerate ions more effectively and greatly reduce the scale and cost. A laser accelerator− Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) is being built at Institute of Heavy Ion physics of Peking University. According to the beam parameters from proof of principle experiments and theoretical simulations, we design the beam line for ions transport which is being built now and in the near future we will carry out experimental study with it. The beam line is mainly constituted by quadrupole and analyzing magnets . The quadrupole triplet lens collects protons generated from the target, while the analyzing magnet system will choose the protons with proper energy. The transport is simulated by program TRACK. The beam line is designed to deliver proton beam with the energy of 1~ 40MeV, energy spread of ±1% and 106-8 protons per pulse to satisfy the requirement of different experiments. The transmission efficiency is about 94% when the energy spread is ±1%.
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TUPMY024	First Test of The Imperial College Gabor (Plasma) Lens prototype at the Surrey Ion Beam centre	plasma, electron, background, ion	1598
	P.A. Posocco, J.K. Pozimski, Y. Xia Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom M.J. Merchant UoM ICS, Manchester, United Kingdom M.J. Merchant The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Funding: Funding was provided by the Imperial College Confidence in Concepts scheme. The first plasma (Gabor) lens prototype operating at high electron density was built by the Imperial College London in 2015. In November 2015 the lens was tested at the Ion Beam Centre of the University of Surrey with a 1 MeV proton beam. Over 500 snapshots of the beam hitting a scintillator screen installed 0.5 m downstream of the lens were taken for a wide range of settings. Unexpectedly, instead of over- or underfocusing the incoming particles, the lens converted pencil beams into rings. In addition to the dependence of their radius on the lens settings, periodic features appeared along the circumference, suggesting that the electron plasma was exited into a coherent off-axis rotation. The cause of this phenomenon is under investigation.
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TUPMY025	Proton-Driven Electron Acceleration in Hollow Plasma	plasma, electron, acceleration, wakefield	1601
	Y. M. Li, K. Hanahoe, O. Mete Apsimon, T.H. Pacey, G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Funding: President's Doctoral Scholar Award from The University of Manchester. Proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration has been proposed to accelerate electrons to TeV-scale in a single hundreds of meters plasma section. However, it is difficult to conserve beam quality due to the positively charged driven scheme. In this paper, we demonstrate via simulation that hollow plasma is favourable to maintain the long and stable acceleration and simultaneously be able to achieve low normalized emittance and energy spread of the witness electrons. Moreover, it has much higher beam loading tolerance compared to the uniform case. This will potentially facilitates the acceleration of a large number of particles with high beam quality. * Caldwell A et al.Nature Physics, 2009, 5(5): 363-367 K. Lotov, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 2010, 13(4): 041301. * W. Kimura et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 2011, 14(4): 041301.
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TUPMY042	Proton Injection into the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)	rfq, electron, optics, ion-source	1638
	E. Prebys, K. Carlson, H. Piekarz, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. A. Antipov University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the DOE, under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is an experimental synchrotron being built at Fermilab to test the concept of non-linear "integrable optics". These optics are based on a lattice including non-linear elements that satisfies particular conditions on the Hamiltonian. The resulting particle motion is predicted to be stable but without a unique tune. The system is therefore insensitive to resonant instabilities and can in principle store very intense beams, with space charge tune shifts larger than those which are possible in conventional linear synchrotrons. The ring will initially be commissioned with electrons, but this poster describes progress toward the injection of protons into the ring, using the RFQ originally built for the High Energy Neutrino Source (HINS) project.
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TUPMY044	Carbon and Mercury Target Systems for Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories	target, emittance, collider, factory	1641
	K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH110886 A high-power target is required to convert a powerful MW-class proton beam into an intense muon source or neutrino source in support of physics at the intensity frontier. The first phase of a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory program may use a 6.75-GeV proton driver with beam power of only 1 MW. At this lower power it is favorable to use a graphite target with beam and target tilted slightly to the axis of a 20-T pion-capture solenoid around the target. Using the MARS15 (2014) code, we optimized the geometric parameters of the beam and target to maximize particle production at low energies by an incoming proton beam with kinetic energy of 6.75 GeV impinging on this carbon target. We also studied beam-dump configurations to suppress the rate of undesirable high-energy secondary particles in the beam. For a possible upgrade to a proton beam of multi-MW power, we considered a free-flowing mercury jet.
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TUPOR010	Simulation of Instability at Transition Energy with a New Impedance Model for CERN PS	impedance, simulation, emittance, synchrotron	1674
	N. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China S. Aumon, N. Biancacci, M. Migliorati, G. Sterbini, N. Wang CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Migliorati INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy S. Persichelli University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
	Instabilities driven by the transverse impedance are proven to be one of the limitations for the high intensity reach of the CERN PS. Since several years, fast single bunch vertical instability at transition energy has been observed with the high intensity bunch serving the neu-tron Time-of-Flight facility (n-ToF). In order to better understand the instability mechanism, a dedicated meas-urement campaign took place. The results were compared with macro-particle simulations with PyHEADTAIL based on the new impedance model developed for the PS. Instability threshold and growth rate for different longitu-dinal emittances and beam intensities were studied.
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TUPOR016	A Multi-GeV Recirculating Proton Linac	linac, cavity, acceleration, operation	1688
	J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	A high power GeV proton linac has many scientific applications. Recirculating RF linac as an efficient accelerator has been used and proposed to accelerate both electron and muon beams. In this paper, we propose using a multi-pass recirculating RF linac to attain a multi-GeV high power proton beam. This linac consists of three types of superconducting RF cavities that accelerate the proton beam multiple times from 150 MeV to final multiple GeV energy. Such a recirculating linac can significantly reduce the number of RF cavities in the accelerator and lower the cost of the facility.
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TUPOR028	Excitation of Longitudinal Coupled-bunch Oscillations with the Wide-band Cavity in the CERN PS	cavity, feedback, synchrotron, LLRF	1724
	L. Ventura, M. Migliorati INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy H. Damerau, M. Migliorati, G. Sterbini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Migliorati University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
	Longitudinal coupled-bunch oscillations in the CERN Proton Synchrotron have been studied in the past years and they have been recognized as one of the major challenges to reach the high brightness beam required by the High Luminosity LHC project. In the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project in 2014 a new wide-band Finemet cavity has been installed in the Proton Synchrotron as a part of the coupled-bunch feedback system. To explore the functionality of the Finemet cavity during 2015 a dedicated measurement campaign has been performed. Coupled-bunch oscillations have been excited with the cavity around each harmonic of the revolution frequency with both a uniform and nominal filling pattern. In the following the measurements procedure and results are presented.
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TUPOR029	Study of Fast Instability in Fermilab Recycler	electron, simulation, dipole, betatron	1728
	S. A. Antipov University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA P. Adamson, S. Nagaitsev, M.-J. Yang Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	One of the factors which may limit the intensity in the Fermilab Recycler is a fast transverse instability. It develops within a hundred turns and, in certain conditions, may lead to a beam loss. Various peculiar features of the instability: its occurrence only above a certain intensity threshold, and only in horizontal plane, as well as the rate of the instability, suggest that its cause is electron cloud. We studied the phenomena by observing the dynamics of stable and unstable beam. We found that beam motion can be stabilized by a clearing bunch, which confirms the electron cloud nature of the instability. The findings suggest electron cloud trapping in Recycler combined function mag-nets. Bunch-by-bunch measurements of betatron tune show a tune shift towards the end of the bunch train and allow the estimation of the density of electron cloud and the rate of its build-up. The experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations of electron cloud build-up and its interaction with the beam.

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MOOCA02

RFQ Developments at CEA-IRFU

rfq, linac, cavity, status

42

O. Piquet
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

Vane RFQs are particularly well suited to high intensity proton acceleration, since they offer minimal RF power losses and best accelerating field accuracy. Cea-Irfu is involved in several developments of 4 vane RFQs namely IPHI, Spiral2, Linac4 and ESS. This paper gives an overview of the design flow and tools developed at Irfu in order to design, tune, condition and commission RFQs. SPIRAL2 RFQ will be mainly used to illustrate this design flow. This CW RFQ requires 180 kW to achieve the nominal accelerating voltage. It can accelerate a 5 mA proton or deuteron beam (A/Q=1 and 2) or a 1 mA ion beam with up to A/Q=3 at 0.75 MeV/A. Conditioning and commissioning of this RFQ are actually in progress.

Slides MOOCA02 [3.712 MB]

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MOPMB024

Electron Cloud Measurements at J-PARC Main Ring

electron, detector, vacuum, extraction

137

B. Yee-Rendón, H. Kuboki, R. Muto, K. Satou, M. Tomizawa, T. Toyama, M. Uota
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Electron cloud instability is presented in most of the high intensity proton rings. During the Slow beam extraction (SX) mode at Main Ring of J-PARC, signals related with its formation were observed. An electron cloud detector is installed downstream of the ElectroStatic Septum (ESS), to measure the electron signal. Additionally, scintillation detector with photomultiplier, a proportional counter and photo-diode were set closely to the electron cloud detector to observe the beam lost. This paper presents the measurements of the electron cloud and some of the conditions which support its creation, for instance the signal of lost particle from the beam loss monitors, the residual gas in the vacuum duct by using vacuum pressure gauges, etc.

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MOPMB025

The Development of 16-Electrode Monitor for Measurement of the Multipole-Moment

quadrupole, injection, coupling, impedance

140

Y. Nakanishi, A. Ichikawa, A. Minamino, K.G. Nakamura, T. Nakaya
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
T. Koseki, H. Kuboki
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Toyama
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 25105002, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas titled 'Unification and　Development of the Neutrino Science Frontier'
In the J-PARC main ring, the beam intensity is greatly increased to 750 kW or more in near future. Even the beam intensity become higher, the beam loss must be kept at the same level as present. Aiming to make the cause of beam loss clear, we have been developing the beam monitor to measure the beam size. The quadrupole moment is related to the beam size. In principle, monitors with more than four electrodes can measure the quadrupole moment. In addition, two monitors located at the places with different beta functions can measure the emittances and beam sizes, providing the horizontal and vertical beta functions. To obtain more precise quadrupole moment and higher multipoles, we are developing the multi-electrode monitor, tentatively, with 16 electrodes. As a reference of 16-electrode monitor, two 4-electrode BPMs are investigated to measure quadrupole moments. We will present the measurement result of 4-electrode monitors and the status of the development of the 32-electrode monitor.

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MOPMB034

Design and Application of Double-slit Emittance Meter for C-ADS Proton Beams

emittance, rfq, background, instrumentation

164

L. Yu, Y.F. Sui, J.X. Zhao, D.C. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

To reduce the beam loss in the high current linac, beam transverse emittance is a key value which has to be characterized. At Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Beijing the C-ADS project has started beam commissioning. A newly developed double-slit emittance meter (DEM) for pulsed proton beam from the (RFQ) has been installed in the beam line. In this paper principal of operation, instrumentation and programming of emittance meter are discussed. The emittance measurement has been carried out with the newly developed DEM at a beam energy of 3.2 MeV and a beam current of 10 mA. Typical rms emittance for x and y direction are measured to be 0.1303 and 0.1347 π mm mrad，which are well below the design standard of the RFQ.

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MOPMB038

Development of Shoebox BPM for Xi‘an Proton Application Facility

coupling, simulation, impedance, closed-orbit

175

W. Wang, X. Guan, W.-H. Huang, X.W. Wang, Z. Yang, H.Y. Zhang, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
M.T. Qiu, Z.M. Wang
State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Shannxi, People's Republic of China

In this paper, development of the Shoebox BPM is presented which can be applied for the measurement of turn-by-turn position data, closed orbit and tune of Xi'an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). The preliminary design of the physical dimensions including the electrode aperture, the pipe aperture and the gap between the two electrodes is performed by calculating their effects on BPM response respectively with the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the mechanical structure of the Shoebox BPM is optimized by CST simulation to achieve better performance. The dependency of the BPM sensitivity and zero offset on the frequency is diminished by adding one isolating ring, which decreases coupling capacitance of electrodes and compensates ground capacitance difference of the two electrodes. Finally one prototype of the Shoebox BPM has been fabricated and tested offline. Results show that relative position measurement error due to frequency dependency of sensitivity is less than 1% and absolute measurement error due to frequency dependency of zero offset is expected to be less than 0.1 mm.

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MOPMB056

Measurements of the Beam Energy and Beam Profile of 100 MeV Proton Linac at KOMAC

linac, DTL, acceleration, ion

217

S.G. Lee, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning.
The linac for generation of the 100 MeV proton beam is operating in KOMAC. The 100 MeV proton beam is used in the industrial and the scientific fields such as improvement of the material characteristics and production of the isotope. The accurate measurements of the proton beam energy and profile are necessary for increasing the efficiency of the application and minimizing the inadequate radioactivation in linac structure caused by the beam loss. The proton beam energy and beam profile are measured by using the TOF (time-of-flight) method with a BPM (beam position monitor) and the ion chamber array, respectively. The detailed measurement setup and the measured results will be given in this paper.

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MOPMB060

Upgrade of the LHC Schottky Monitor, Operational Experience and First Results

pick-up, ion, emittance, injection

226

M. Betz, O.R. Jones, T. Lefèvre, M. Wendt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC Schottky system allows the measurement of beam parameters such as tune and chromaticity in an entirely non-invasive way by extracting information from the statistical fluctuations in the incoherent motion of particles. The system was commissioned in 2011 and provided satisfactory beam-parameter measurements during LHC run 1 for lead-ions. However, for protons its usability was substantially limited due to strong interfering signals originating from the coherent motion of the particle bunch. The system has recently been upgraded with optimized travelling-wave pick-ups and an improved 4.8~GHz microwave signal path, with the front-end and the triple down-mixing chain optimized to reduce coherent signals. Design and operational aspects for the complete system are shown and the results from measurements with LHC beams in Run II are presented and discussed.

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MOPMR008

Development of Beam Position Monitor for a Heavy-ion Linac of KHIMA

cyclotron, ion, synchrotron, beam-transport

238

J.G. Hwang
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534).
The carbon and proton beams are produced by the electron cyclotron resonance ion source with the energy of 8 keV/u and it is accelerated up to 7 MeV/u by the RFQ and IH-DTL. The accelerated beam is injected on the synchrotron through the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). In the MEBT line of KHIMA, the stripline beam position monitor (BPM) is installed to measure the beam trajectory and orbit jitter before the beam injection at the synchrotron. It is also used to measure the phase information such as a bunch length for the de-buncher tuning in MEBT line. The BPM has the position resolution of 100 um with the diameter of 40 mm. The design study is performed and it is fabricated. In order to confirm the performance of the beam position monitor, the measurement of position accuracy and calibration by using wire test-bench, and the beam test with proton beam from MC-50 in KIRAMS are performed.

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MOPMR009

Development of Large Aperture Faraday-Cup for LEBT of KHIMA.

ion, electron, ECR, beam-transport

241

J.G. Hwang
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534).
Since an aperture of a low energy beam transport line of the KHIMA is quite large, 100 mm, to minimize an uncontrolled beam loss, large aperture Faraday-cup with the diameter of 100 mm is installed to measure the beam current from the electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR-IS) and to identify the ion species using analyzing magnet. The suppression ring is designed to reduce the repelling electrons for an accurate measurement. The Faraday-cup has the cooling channel with the heat capability of 100 W to recover the heat from the ion beam for safety during the operation. In order to reduce the noise propagation from the cooling channel, the cooling channel is insulated with the cup. In this presentation, we show the physical modeling, mechanical aspect for design the large aperture Faraday-cup, and the result of in-beam test with the ECR-IS in KHIMA.

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MOPMR010

The Development of Scintillating Screen Detector for Beam Monitoring at the KHIMA Project

ion, experiment, cyclotron, heavy-ion

244

S.Y. Noh, S.D. Chang, J.G. Hwang
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: NRF-2014M2C3A1029534
It is important to measure the beam propeties such as position, size and intensity, when we control the medical beam qualities, So we developed the scintillation screen monitor used for beam profile monitoring and it will be installed at High Energy Beam Transport(HEBT) section to measure the beam parameters. This system consists of a terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide(Gd2O2S:Tb) phosphor screen and high speed charge coupled device camera. The CCD camera has the maximum 90 frame rate and 659 X 494 pixel resolution. This Camera is mounted at distance of 260mm from the center of the scintillation screen and with the angle of 45 degree to the scintillation screen which is mounted at the angle of 45 degree to the beam axis. The image analysis program was written in National Instruments LabVIEW using IMAQ driver. To reduce the image processing time, we optimized the prcessing flow and used LabVIEW built-in function. To evaluate this system, we measured the beam size and center position of the beam at KIRAMS on 50MeV cyclotron. In this paper, we present the manufacture of beam profile system based on a scintillating screen monitor and the in-beam test results of it.

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MOPMR021

Lifetime and Operational Criteria of Proton Beam Instrumentation in the ESS Target Station

electron, radiation, target, monitoring

276

Y. Lee, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

At the European Spallation Source, a 2 GeV, 5 MW proton beam will be delivered from a superconducting linear accelerator to target at a 4% duty factor, which poses demanding requirements on target station design. To tune the beam delivery system and to protect the target station components, the current density, the halo distribution, and the position of the proton beam shall be measured. To provide this functionality, a suite of beam monitoring devices will be deployed in the target monolith, including a multi-wire grid for the beam profile monitoring, thermo-couple assemblies and secondary emission blades for aperture monitoring, and a beam footprint imaging system consisting of optical components and luminescent coatings. Since these devices are exposed to particles that deposit energy and cause a high rate of radiation damage, it is a significant challenge to ensure full functionality. In this paper, material selection, lifetime estimates and operational criteria for these beam-monitoring devices are presented. A number of particle transport and finite-element simulations are performed for analyses, and an empirical validation plan is presented.

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MOPMR025

Beam Size Estimation from Luminosity Scans at the LHC During 2015 Proton Physics Operation

luminosity, emittance, operation, experiment

290

M. Hostettler, G. Papotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Hostettler
LHEP, Bern, Switzerland

As a complementary method for measuring the beam size for high-intensity beams at 6.5 TeV flat-top energy, beam separation scans were done regularly at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during 2015 proton physics operation. The luminosities measured by the CMS experiment during the scans were used to derive the convoluted beam size and orbit offset bunch-by-bunch. This contribution will elaborate on the method used to derive plane-by-plane, bunch-by-bunch emittances from the scan data, including uncertainties and corrections. The measurements are then compared to beam size estimations from absolute luminosity, synchrotron light telescopes, and wire scanners. In particular, the evolution of the emittance over the course of several hours in collisions is studied and bunch-by-bunch differences are highlighted.

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MOPMR028

Emittance Characterisation of High Brightness Beams in the CERN PS

emittance, brightness, synchrotron, extraction

299

G. Sterbini, J.F. Comblin, V. Forte, A. Guerrero, E. Piselli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Forte
Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France

Measurements in the CERN Proton Synchrotron showed that achieving the required accuracy for the emittance characterisation of high brightness beams is challenging. Some of the present limits can be related to systematic errors in the wire scanner calibration or, for the horizontal emittance determination, in the assumptions adopted while deconvoluting the contribution of the longitudinal plane from the measured transverse profile. We present in this paper the results of a beam-based test of the wire scanner calibration and of a general numerical deconvolution algorithm to compute the betatronic profile starting from the measured ones. In addition to the bunch train average emittance, a bunch-by-bunch transverse emittance measurement would increase the potential to understand, optimise and monitor the beam performance. In 2015 the first PS bunch-by-bunch measurement chain was setup. The results are reported and discussed.

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MOPMR031

Investigation of Injection Losses at the Large Hadron Collider with Diamond Based Particle Detectors

injection, kicker, flattop, detector

310

O. Stein, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, B. Dehning, V. Kain, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria

During the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2015, increased injection losses were observed. To minimize stress on accelerator components in the injection regions of the LHC and to guarantee an efficient operation these losses needed to be understood and possible mitigation techniques should be studied. Measurements with diamond particle detectors revealed the loss structure with ns-resolution for the first time. Based on these measurements, recaptured beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) surrounding the nominal bunch train was identified as the major contributor to the injection loss signals. Methods to reduce the recaptured beam in the SPS were successfully tested and verified with the diamond particle detectors. In this paper the detection and classification of LHC injection losses are described. The methods to reduce these losses and verification measurements are presented and discussed.

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MOPMR043

Optical System Design for The ESS Proton Beam and Target Diagnostics

target, optics, radiation, diagnostics

347

M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Adli, H. Gjersdal
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas, N. de la Cour
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Funding: Science and Technology Facilities Council
The high power and low emittance of the European Spallation Source (ESS) proton beam require a robust protection strategy for the spallation target and its surroundings. For this, the beam will be imaged on passing through scintillator screens coating both the proton beam window (PBW) on exit from the accelerator, and the entry window to the target (TW). Light from the screens must be transported to remote cameras through a 4m high shielding plug of limited aperture. At the same time, the optical path must not compromise the integrity of the shield against neutrons and interaction products. We present the theory underlying the design of the reflective optics for efficient transmission of high-quality images to provide the desired level of protection to the machine, and describe its implementation in the Zemax software tool, as well as the predicted imaging performance. We also consider how the requirements of environment (thermal and radiation), initial alignment and ongoing maintenance for the optical system will be met. Finally we comment on the applicability of optics of this type for diagnostic systems in similar situations at other neutron sources and elsewhere.

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MOPMR055

Radiation-Resistant Fiber Optic Strain Sensors for SNS Target Instrumentation

target, radiation, neutron, detector

371

Y. Liu, W. Blokland, J.D. Bryan, A. Rakhman, B.W. Riemer, R.L. Sangrey, M. Wendel, D.E. Winder
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A. Rakhman
UTK, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
R. Strum
San Diego State University, San Diego, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DOE.
Measurement of stresses and strains in the mercury target vessel of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is important to understand the structural dynamics of the target. Owing to their compactness, easy system integration, and invulnerability to the electromagnetic interference, fiber optic strain sensors have been installed into the SNS target module starting from the fall of 2015. In this talk, we report on the development of radiation-resistant fiber optic strain sensors for subsequent generations of SNS target instrumentation. The sensors are extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers (EFPIs) made from fluorine-doped single-mode fibers. The radiation induced loss of the fiber has been measured in the SNS target 13 at the energy-on-target level exceeding 500 MWhr which results in peak doses on fiber of more than 10⁹ Gy. A superluminescent diode laser at 1300 nm is used as the light source and the strain is measured in real-time using quadrature phase shifted signals generated from a local interferometer. We have demonstrated successful measurements of strains from 1 to 1000 με at a kHz frequency range on a test plate using the developed interrogation optical system.

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MOPMW011

The Second Harmonic RF System for J-PARC MR Upgrade

cavity, impedance, injection, operation

420

C. Ohmori, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, M. Toda, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Power upgrade scenario of J-PARC Main Ring includes replacement of RF cavities with higher field gradient using magnetic alloy cores, FT3L than the present ones. It also need to install the second harmonic RF cavity in the other section where dedicated water system for RF cavities is not available. Installation scenario of the second harmonic RF will be presented.

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MOPMW019

Resonant Frequency Control with RCCS for the KOMAC Proton Linac

controls, DTL, LLRF, linac

435

D.H. Seo, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, Y.G. Song
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
The Resonance control cooling systems (RCCS) of 100 MeV proton linac at the Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC) have been operated for cooling the drift tubes (DT) and controlling the resonant frequency of the drift tube linac (DTL). The RCCS can maintain the cooling water temperature within ±0.1 °C by controlling 3-way valve opening. The RCCS has two types of control mode, the constant cooling water temperature control mode and the resonant frequency control mode. In the case of the resonant frequency control, the error frequency is measured in the low-level RF (LLRF) control system and the RCCS compensates the error frequency by controlling the cooling water temperature of DT with PID algorithm. In this paper, the operation results of the resonant frequency control with the RCCS as well as some modification of the LLRF system are presented.

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MOPMY023

High Power Test of the RF System for the KOMAC MEBT

LLRF, controls, DTL, FPGA

552

S.G. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
Y.G. Song
KAERI, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning)
A 100 MeV proton linac of the Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC) has been operated for providing a proton beam to users. RF systems of two medium energy beam transports (MEBT) have been designed to improve a beam quality. An operating frequency of the MEBT RF system is 350 MHz, and the required RF power is 44 kW for MEBT-1 and 18 kW for MEBT-2. The RF duty is 9% (1.5 ms, 60 Hz), and an RF stability of ±1% in amplitude and ±1° in phase is required. The RF system includes a low-level RF (LLRF) control system, a solid state RF amplifier (SSPA) as a 60 kW SSPA for MEBT-1 and a 30 kW SSPA for MEBT-2, a coaxial circulator, and 3-1/8" coaxial line components. A RF power test to the MEBT has been performed with 4 kW SSPA before the full power operation. The configuration and high power test results of the MEBT RF system are presented in this paper.

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MOPOR034

Numerical Space-Charge Compensation Studies and Comparison of Different Models

electron, simulation, space-charge, ion

674

D. Noll, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Schulte, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The design of many Low-Energy Beam Transport sections relies on the presence of space-charge compensation by particles of opposing charge. To improve understanding of the processes involved in the built-up and steady-state, simulations using the Particle-in-Cell code bender were made. We will present the influence of various system parameters on the results. Furthermore, the electron velocity distribution was found to be approximately thermal. The spatial distribution can then be found by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Such a model for the electron distribution was implemented in a 2D PIC code and applied to typical beam transport situations. We will present results in comparison to the 3D simulations.

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MOPOR037

Beam Halo Measurements using Vibrating Wire at the KOMAC

experiment, target, laser, neutron

680

D. Choe, M. Chung, S.Y. Kim
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
S.G. Arutunian, A.V. Margaryan
ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
E.G. Lazareva
YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

In high-intensity particle accelerators, due to the fact that preventing beam loss plays a crucial role in con-ducting any experiments, it is important to measure and control the beam halo. Fortunately, it is feasible nowadays to measure the beam halo region thanks to the development of several sensitive beam scanning methods, including the vibrating wire technique. Since the vibrating wire is exceptionally sensitive to the heat deposition by the beam particles, it can be used to scanning the beam profile. This study will be concentrated on the precise beam profile measurement using the vibrating wire at the Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) facility. First, we describe the best condition to construct beam profile measurement experiment. Finally, we present the results of the beam halo measurements performed with 20 MeV proton beam at the KOMAC facility

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MOPOR043

High-gradient Structures for Proton Energy Boosters

booster, linac, cavity, experiment

692

S.S. Kurennoy, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV can improve radiography resolution ~10 times. The best current practice to achieve this energy boost is to employ superconducting (SC) RF cavities with gradients about 15 MV/m after the existing linac, which results in a long and expensive booster. We propose accomplishing the same with a room-sized booster based on high-gradient (100s MV/m) room-temperature RF accelerating structures operating at low duty factors. Such high-gradient (HG) structures at very high RF frequencies have been demonstrated for electrons. However, they have never been used for protons because typical RF wavelengths are smaller than the proton bunch length. This is not a problem for proton radiography (pRad): a train of very short proton bunches with the same total length (10s ps) and charge as the original proton bunch will work as well, i.e., will create one radiography frame. Such a compact HG pRad booster can also be about an order of magnitude cheaper than the SC one. We explore feasibility of HG structures for protons and their application for a compact pRad booster at LANSCE.

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MOPOY001

MedAustron Synchrotron RF Commissioning for Medical Proton Beams

injection, acceleration, synchrotron, cavity

844

C. Schmitzer, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron is a medical accelerator facility for hadron therapy cancer treatment using protons and carbon ions. The Synchrotron is driven by a 0.47-3.26 MHz Finemet® loaded wideband cavity powered by 12x 1kW solid state amplifiers connected to a digital Low Level RF system. It was developed in collaboration with CERN and put to operation at MedAustron in early 2014. The main Synchrotron RF (sRF )commissioning steps for proton beams involved the setup of the adiabatic capture process, the setup of the frequency and voltage ramps and feedback loops for fast acceleration and the RF jump for extraction. The adiabatic capture process was optimized in terms of energy and voltage mismatch by analyzing longitudinal empty bucket scans after beam injection into the synchrotron. The acceleration ramp optimization was based on calculations using a software tool developed in-house and adapted experimentally to minimize losses at injection and during acceleration. This paper provides an overview of the acceleration system and describes the commissioning process of the sRF system and the related beam commissioning efforts at MedAustron.

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MOPOY010

Simulations and Measurements of Stopbands in the Fermilab Recycler

simulation, resonance, space-charge, operation

864

R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, K.J. Hazelwood, I. Kourbanis, E.G. Stern
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Fermilab has recently completed an upgrade to the complex with the goal of delivering 700 kW of beam power as 120 GeV protons to the NuMI target. A major part of boosting beam power is to use the Fermilab Recycler to stack protons. Simulations focusing on the betatron resonance stopbands are presented taking into account different effects such as intensity and chromaticity. Simulations are compared with measurements.

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MOPOY011

Estimating the Transverse Impedance in the Fermilab Recycler

impedance, quadrupole, dipole, vacuum

867

R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, A.V. Burov, I. Kourbanis, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Impedance could represent a limitation of running high intensity bunches in the Fermilab recycler. With high intensity upgrades foreseen, it is important to quantify the impedance. To do this, studies have been performed measuring the tune shift as a function of bunch intensity allowing the transverse impedance to be derived.

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MOPOY012

Space Charge Simulations in the Fermilab Recycler for PIP-II

simulation, space-charge, booster, experiment

870

R. Ainsworth, P. Adamson, I. Kourbanis, E.G. Stern
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is Fermilab's plan for providing powerful, high-intensity proton beams to the laboratory's experiments. Upgrades are foreseen for the recycler which will cope with bunches containing fifty percent more beam. Of particular concern is large space charge tune shifts caused by the intensity increase. Simulations performed using Synergia are detailed focusing on the space charge footprint.

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MOPOY024

Development of a 325 MHz Ladder-RFQ of the 4-Rod-Type

rfq, linac, vacuum, ion

899

M. Schütt, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In order to have an inexpensive alternative to 4-Vane RFQs above 200 MHz, we study the possibilities of a Ladder-RFQ. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95 keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR. This particular high frequency for an RFQ creates difficulties, which are challenging in developing a cavity. In order to define a satisfactory geometrical configuration for this resonator, both from the RF and the mechanical point of view, different designs have been examined and compared. Very promising results have been reached with a ladder type RFQ, which has been investigated since 2013. Due to its geometric size the manufacturing as well as maintenance is not that complex compared with welded accelerators. The manufacturing, coppering and assembling of a 0.8 m prototype RFQ is finished. We present recent measurements of the rf-field, frequency-tuning, field flatness and the mode spectrum.

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MOPOY025

Electromagnetic Design of β=0.13, f=325 Mhz Half-Wave Resonator for Future High Power, High Intensity Proton Driver at KEK

cavity, linac, electron, rfq

902

G.-T. Park, E. Kako, Y. Kobayashi, T. Koseki, S. Michizono, F. Naito, H. Nakai, K. Umemori, S. Yamaguchi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Maruta
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

At KEK, a proposal is being prepared for a new linac-based proton driver that can accelerate the proton beam up to 9 GeV with 9 MW beam power and 100 mA peak current. In this report, we present the study on the front end design of the linac, which will accelerate the beam to 1.2 GeV: The baseline layout, the acceleration energy structure, RF characteristics of components, cryomodule configurations, and the detailed design of half-wave resonator 1.

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MOPOY026

Baseline Design of a Proton Linac for BNCT at OIST

rfq, neutron, DTL, linac

906

Y. Kondo, K. Hasegawa
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Y. Higashi, H. Sugawara, M. Yoshioka
OIST, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
H. Kumada
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
S.-I. Kurokawa
Cosylab, Tsukuba, Japan
H. Matsumoto, F. Naito
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A new facility to develop a proton linac based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and various neutron science is planned at Okinawa institute of science and technology (OIST). This facility aims to develop a prototype system of the mass production model of BNCT systems as medical apparatus. The beam power and the beam energy at the neutron production target are assumed to about 60 kW and 10 MeV, respectively. The energy will be finally decided to optimize the ratio of necessary epi-thermal and other energy of neutron. If the energy is 10 MeV, 60 kW beam power can be achieved with a beam current of 30 mA and a duty factor of 20%. The linac consists of an ECR ion source, a two-solenoid-magnet LEBT, a four-vane RFQ, and an Alvarez DTL, which are very conventional as components of proton linac. To make the accelerator compact, we are considering to use a 400-MHz band resonant frequency. As a medical apparatus, it is required that the linac system is stable and operated easily without experts of accelerator. The design of proton linac is one of the most important issues in our development. In this paper, the baseline design of this OIST BNCT linac is described.

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MOPOY040

Design of the 100 MeV Proton Beam Line for Low Flux Application

target, octupole, vacuum, beam-transport

938

H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, C.R. Kim, H.S. Kim, S.G. Lee, S. Lee, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
KOMAC has been operating two beam lines for user service since 2013. A new beam line was completed in 2015 for radioisotope production and has a plan to be commissioned in 2016. Another beam line was proposed to supply low flux beam to users. The maximum energy and average current are 100 MeV and 10 nA. The beam line consists of collimator, energy degrader, dipole magnet for energy separation and octupole magnet for uniform beam production. In this paper, the design of the beam line and its components is presented.

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MOPOY042

The Perspective of Jinr Lu-20 Replacement by a Superconducting Linac

linac, simulation, ion, cavity

944

S.M. Polozov, M. Gusarova, T. Kulevoy, M.V. Lalayan, A.V. Samoshin, S.E. Toporkov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
M.A. Baturitski
BSU, Minsk, Belarus
A.V. Butenko, V. Monchinsky, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
G. Kropachev, T. Kulevoy
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Marysheva, V.S. Petrakovsky, I.L. Pobol, A.I. Pokrovsky, S.V. Yurevich, A.Yu. Zhuravsky
Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is now under development and construction at JINR. Existing Alvarez-type DTL linac LU-20 is now operates as injector of light ions, polarized protons and deuterons to Nuclotron for LHEP experimental program. It provides proton beam of 20 MeV energy and light ions of 5 MeV/u energy. In 2015 the cascade transformer 800 kV which is pre-accelerator of LU-20 had been replaced by the new RFQ linac (energy 155 keV for ions with Z/A<0.5). The proposal on Alvarez linac LU-20 upgrade by a superconducting light ion linac with energy up to 50 MeV is discussed in this report.

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MOPOY045

ESS Linac Beam Physics Design Update

linac, rfq, DTL, target

947

M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, R. De Prisco, A. Jansson, Y.I. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to bombard the tungsten target with the high intensity protons beam for producing intense beams of neutrons. The nominal average beam power of the linac is 5~MW with a peak beam power at target of 125~MW. This paper focuses on the beam dynamics design of the ESS linac and the diagnostics elements used for the tuning of the lattice and matching between sections.

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MOPOY047

Studies of Ultimate Intensity Limits for High Power Proton Linacs

linac, DTL, rfq, emittance

951

D.C. Plostinar, C.R. Prior, G.H. Rees
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
M.O. Boenig, A.E. Geisler, O. Heid
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
I.V. Konoplev, A. Seryi, S.L. Sheehy
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

Although modern high power proton machines can now routinely deliver MW level operating powers, the next generation accelerators will be required to reach powers orders of magnitude higher. Significant developments will be needed both in technology and in understanding the limits of high intensity operation. The present study investigates the beam dynamics in three experimental linac designs when the beam intensity is increased above current levels such that for CW regimes, beam powers of up to 400 MW can be attained. In the first, a 1 A proton beam is accelerated to 400 MeV using normal conducting structures. In the second, a comparison is made when two front ends accelerate 0.5 A beams to ~20 MeV where they are funnelled to 1 A and accelerated to 400 MeV. Similarly, in the third, two 0.25 A beams are funnelled to 0.5 A and then accelerated in superconducting structures to 800 MeV. In addition, alternative unconventional methods of generating high current beams are also discussed. The further studies that are needed to be undertaken in the future are outlined, but it is considered that the three linac configurations found are sufficiently promising for detailed technical designs to follow.

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MOPOY059

LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project at CERN

ion, injection, linac, brightness

992

E.N. Shaposhnikova, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, A. Funken, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, L. Kobzeva, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, S. Mataguez, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, G. Rumolo, R. Scrivens, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A massive improvement program of the LHC injector chain is presently being conducted under the LIU project. For the proton chain, this includes the replacement of Linac2 with Linac4 as well as all necessary upgrades to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), aimed at producing beams with the challenging High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) parameters. Regarding the heavy ions, plans to improve the performance of Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) are also pursued under the general LIU program. The full LHC injection chain returned to operation after Long Shutdown 1, with extended beam studies taking place in Run 2. A general project Cost and Schedule Review also took place in March 2015, and several dedicated LIU project reviews were held to address issues awaiting pending decisions. In view of these developments, 2014 and 2015 have been key years to define a number of important aspects of the final LIU path. This paper will describe the reviewed LIU roadmap and revised performance objectives of the main upgrades, including the work status and outlook in terms of the required installation and commissioning stages.

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TUOAA01

Operation of LANSCE Linear Accelerator with Double Pulse Rate and Low Beam Losses

beam-losses, linac, DTL, operation

1004

Y.K. Batygin, J.S. Kolski, R.C. McCrady, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396
In 2014 LANSCE accelerator facility return to 120 Hz pulse rate operation after long period of operation at 60 Hz pulse rate. Increased capabilities require careful tuning of all components of linear accelerator. Transformation to double pulse rate resulted in re-evaluation of tuning procedures in order to meet new challenges in beam operation. The paper summarizes experimental activity on sustaining of high productivity of accelerator facility while keeping beam losses along accelerator at the low level.

Slides TUOAA01 [14.886 MB]

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TUOAA03

Long Term Plans to Increase Fermilab's Proton Intensity to Meet the Needs of the Long Baseline Neutrino Program

linac, booster, experiment, injection

1010

E. Prebys, P. Adamson, S.C. Childress, P. Derwent, S.D. Holmes, I. Kourbanis, V.A. Lebedev, W. Pellico, A. Romanenko, V.D. Shiltsev, E.G. Stern, A. Valishev, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359.
The flagship of Fermilab's long term research program is the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), located Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, which will study neutrino oscillations with a baseline of 1300 km. The neutrinos will be produced in the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), a proposed new beam line from Fermilab's Main Injector. The physics goals of the DUNE require a proton beam with a power of roughly 2.5 MW at 120 GeV, which is roughly five times the current maximum power. This poster outlines the staged plan to achieve the required power over the next 15 years.

Slides TUOAA03 [4.129 MB]

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TUOBB03

CERN AWAKE Facility Readiness for First Beam

plasma, laser, electron, diagnostics

1071

C. Bracco, M. Bernardini, A.C. Butterworth, H. Damerau, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, E. Gschwendtner, W. Höfle, A. Pardons, E.N. Shaposhnikova, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The AWAKE project at CERN was approved in August 2013 and since then a big effort was made to be able to probe the acceleration of electrons before the "2019-2020 Long Shutdown". The next steps in this challenging schedule will be a dry run of all the beam line systems, at the end of the HW commissioning in June 2016, and the first proton beam sent to the plasma cell one month later. The current status of the project is presented together with an outlook over the foreseen works for operation with electrons in 2018.

Slides TUOBB03 [10.682 MB]

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TUZB01

High Power Proton Beam Targets: Technological Evolution, Current Challenges, and the Future

target, neutron, operation, radiation

1075

J. Galambos
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
This talk reviews the history of proton beam target development and the current challenges associated with the operation of high power beam targets. Beyond providing high power proton beams, accelerator facilities must also engineer robust targets to accept the load and satisfy mission needs. Recently some high power facilities are limited by target operations, rather than accelerator capabilities. The outlook for targets for future high power facilities is also considered.

Slides TUZB01 [8.971 MB]

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TUPMB052

High Intensity Beam Test of Low Z Materials for the Upgrade of SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Collimators and LHC Injection Absorbers

experiment, simulation, injection, radiation

1218

F.L. Maciariello, O. Aberle, M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, R. Folch, V. Kain, K. Karagiannis, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Lechner, F.-X. Nuiry, G.E. Steele, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, the collimators in the SPS-to LHC transfer lines will undergo important modifications. The changes to these collimators will allow them to cope with beam brightness and intensity levels much increased with respect to their original design parameters: nominal and ultimate LHC. The necessity for replacement of the current materials will need to be confirmed by a test in the High Radiation to Materials (HRM) facility at CERN. This test will involve low Z materials (such as Graphite and 3-D Carbon/Carbon composite), and will recreate the worst case scenario those materials could see when directly impacted by High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) or Batch Compression Merging and Splitting (BCMS) beams. Thermo-structural simulations used for the material studies and research, the experiment preparation phase, the experiment itself, pre irradiation analysis (including ultrasound and metrology tests on the target materials), the results and their correlation with numerical simulations will be presented.

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TUPMR002

Suppression of Concomitant Flow of Charged Particles in the Tandem Accelerator with Vacuum Insulation

ion, electron, vacuum, neutron

1225

S.Yu. Taskaev, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, Y.M. Ostreinov, I.M. Shchudlo, I.N. Sorokin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the Grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics.
A source of epithermal neutrons based on a tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of malignant tumors was proposed and constructed. Stationary proton beam with 2 MeV energy, 1.6 mA current, 0.1% energy monochromaticity and 0.5% current stability was obtained*. The flow of charged particles accompanying the accelerated ion beam was detected and measured**. To suppress this concomitant flow cooled diaphragm, cryopump and the electrostatic ring were installed in the input of accelerator. The surface of the vacuum vessel was covered with netting to suppress secondary electron emission. These steps have reduced the flow of charged particles 25 % of the ion beam to 0.5 % and to increase the current proton beam 3 times - up to 4.5 mA. The paper presents the results of research and declares plans to use the accelerator for the BNCT.
* D. Kasatov, et al. JINST 9 (2014) P12016.
** D. Kasatov, et al. Technical Physics Letters 41 (2015) 139-141.

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TUPMR003

Three-fold Increase of the Proton Beam Current in the Vacuum Insulation Tandem Accelerator

ion, vacuum, tandem-accelerator, electron

1228

I.M. Shchudlo, V. Dokutovich, D.A. Kasatov, A.N. Makarov, I.N. Sorokin, S.Yu. Taskaev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: The study was supported by the Grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Project no. 14-32-00006) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
In BINP neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer based on the vacuum insulation tandem accelerator and lithium target for neutron generation was constructed. After optimization of the injection of negative hydrogen ions and modernization of the stripping target 1.6 mA 2 MeV proton beam was obtained. Improvements of the accelerator to suppress accompanying electron current were introduced, and after making changes to protection system of high voltage power supply a stable proton beam with a current of 4.5 mA was obtained. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the beam is accelerated without losses. Obtaining of proton beam with the current of more than 3 mA offers the prospects of using of accelerators for BNCT in cancer clinics.

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TUPMR004

Simulations of High Current NuMI Magnetic Horn Striplines at FNAL

simulation, experiment, target, focusing

1230

T. Sipahi, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Both the NuMI (Neutrinos and the Main Injector) beam line, that has been providing intense neutrino beams for several Fermilab experiments (MINOS, MINERVA, NOVA), and the newly proposed LBNF (Long Baseline Neutrino Facility) beam line which plans to produce the highest power neutrino beam in the world for DUNE (the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) need pulsed magnetic horns to focus the mesons which decay to produce the neutrinos. The high-current horn and stripline design has been evolving as NuMI reconfigures for higher beam power and to meet the needs of the LBNF design. The CSU particle accelerator group has aided the neutrino physics experiments at Fermilab by producing EM simulations of magnetic horns and the required high-current striplines. In this paper, we present calculations, using the Poisson and ANSYS Maxwell 3D codes, of the EM interaction of the stripline plates of the NuMI horns at critical stress points. In addition, we give the electrical simulation results using the ANSYS Electric code. These results are being used to support the development of evolving horn stripline designs to handle increased electrical current and higher beam power for NuMI upgrades and for LBNF

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TUPMR016

Research and Development of a Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy

cyclotron, cavity, simulation, extraction

1262

G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei (China) and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia), the development of a superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is started. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for further research and development of cancer therapy by protons. Now we present main parameters of cyclotron and simulation results of magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems.

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TUPMR017

Computer Modeling of Magnet for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron

cyclotron, extraction, simulation, focusing

1265

N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Song, J. Zheng
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 mkA. By computer simulation with 3D codes the cyclotron magnet principal parameters were estimated (pole radius 0.62 m, outer diameter 2.2 m, valley depth 0.3 m, height 1.22 m, weight ~30 t). The required isochronous magnetic field is shaped with accuracy some mT. Four fold symmetry and spiralized sectors with minimal gap 4 mm at extraction provide the stable beam acceleration till 10 mm from the pole edge.

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TUPMR019

Measurements of the Beam Phase Response to Correcting Magnetic Fields in PSI Cyclotrons

cyclotron, simulation, diagnostics, operation

1271

A.S. Parfenova, C. Baumgarten, J.M. Humbel, A.C. Mezger
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The cyclotron-based proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at PSI is presently operated at 1.3-1.4 MW beam power at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV/u to drive the neutron spallation source SINQ and for production of pion and muon beams. Over the years HIPA facility has developed towards increase of the delivered beam current and beam power (0.1 mA in 1974 till 2.2 mA in 2010). During the last few years several upgrades of the Ring cyclotron field correction and beam phase monitoring systems were made. RF voltage was also increased. In order to test the performance of the upgraded system the phase response measurements were carried out.

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TUPMR025

Design of the LBNF Beamline

target, shielding, operation, extraction

1291

V. Papadimitriou, K. Ammigan, J.E. Anderson, K. Anderson, R. Andrews, V.T. Bocean, C.F. Crowley, N. Eddy, B.D. Hartsell, S. Hays, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, J.A. Johnstone, P.H. Kasper, T.R. Kobilarcik, G.E. Krafczyk, B.G. Lundberg, A. Marchionni, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore, D. Pushka, I.L. Rakhno, S.D. Reitzner, P. Schlabach, V.I. Sidorov, A.M. Stefanik, S. Tariq, L.R. Valerio, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, G.L. Vogel, K.E. Williams, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.J. Densham
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to provide and aim a neutrino beam of sufficient intensity and appropriate energy range toward DUNE detectors, placed deep underground at the SURF Facility in South Dakota. The primary proton beam (60 - 120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab's Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 194 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The Beamline facility is designed for initial operation at a proton-beam power of 1.2 MW, with the capability to support an upgrade to 2.4 MW. LBNF/DUNE obtained CD-1 approval in November 2015. We discuss here the design status and the associated challenges as well as the R&D and plans for improvements before baselining the facility.

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TUPMR027

CERN's Fixed Target Primary Ion Programme

ion, extraction, target, experiment

1297

D. Manglunki, M.E. Angoletta, J. Axensalva, G. Bellodi, A. Blas, M.A. Bodendorfer, T. Bohl, S. Cettour-Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau, I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, J.A. Ferreira Somoza, A. Findlay, P. Freyermuth, S.S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, E.B. Holzer, S. Jensen, V. Kain, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, A.I. Michet, M. O'Neil, S. Pasinelli, R. Scrivens, R. Steerenberg, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The renewed availability of heavy ions at CERN for the needs of the LHC programme has triggered the interest of the fixed-target community. The project, which involves sending several species of primary ions at various energies to the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron, has now entered its operational phase. The first argon run, with momenta ranging from 13 AGeV/c to 150 AGeV/c, took place from February 2015 to April 2015. This paper presents the status of the project, the performance achieved thus far and an outlook on future plans.

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TUPMR035

HEBT Commissioning for Horizontal Beamline Proton Treatments at MedaAustron

quadrupole, extraction, alignment, synchrotron

1324

C. Kurfürst, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron has completed its proton commissioning activities for clinical treatment in the horizontal Irradiation Room 3 (IR3). Work involved the preparation of 255 energies in clinical range (60 - 250 MeV) for one spill length, one spot size and 4 intensity levels. After resonant slow extraction, the beam crosses four different functional areas in the High Energy Beam Transfer Line (HEBT): the dispersion suppressor (DS), the phase shifter stepper (PSS), two straight extension modules and a deflection module to IR3. Quadrupole-variation methods were applied to center the beam in the beamline. The DS section was commissioned to provide high intensity beams with closed dispersion. The PSS section was commissioned to provide symmetric and minimal spot sizes at the iso-center in the room (after scattering in the nozzle and air). The definition of the 255 clinical energies was given by the Medical Physics team after measuring the beam ranges at the iso-center.

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TUPMR037

Betatron Core Driven Slow Extraction at CNAO and MedAustron

extraction, betatron, synchrotron, resonance

1330

M. G. Pullia, E. Bressi, L. Falbo, C. Priano, S. Rossi, C. Viviani
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

The Italian Centre for Hadrontherapy (CNAO) and the MedAustron Hadrontherapy Center in Austria are synchrotron-based medical therapy centers. The CNAO machine has five years of experience in patient treatments, whereas MedAustron will soon start patient treatments with protons. Their accelerator systems have common characteristics, in particular in regards to the extraction system: at acceleration flattop, particles are slowly driven through the third integer resonance longitudinally by a betatron core. This setup enables smooth extracted beam intensities. The rationale behind the use of a betatron core, its impact on the extracted beam quality and the performance from operation and commissioning of the two centers will be here presented.

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TUPMR038

The Experimental Beam Line at CNAO

ion, synchrotron, betatron, extraction

1334

M. G. Pullia, S. Alpegiani, J. Bosser, E. Bressi, L. Casalegno, G. Ciavola, M. Ciocca, M. Donetti, A. Facoetti, L. Falbo, M. Ferrarini, S. Foglio, S.G. Gioia, V. Lante, L. Lanzavecchia, R. Monferrato, A. Parravicini, M. Pezzetta, C. Priano, E. Rojatti, S. Rossi, S. Savazzi, S. Sironi, S. Toncelli, G. Venchi, B. Vischioni, S. Vitulli, C. Viviani
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
G. Battistoni
Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
L. Celona, S. Gammino, S. Passarello
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Clozza, E. Di Pasquale, A. Ghigo, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, M. Serio
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
M. Del Franco
Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy
S. Giordanengo
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
A.G. Lanza
INFN - Pavia, Pavia, Italy
R. Sacchi
Torino University, Torino, Italy

The CNAO center has been conceived since the beginning with three treatment rooms and an 'experimental room' where research can be carried out without hindering the clinical activity. The room itself was built since the beginning, but the beam line was planned at a second moment in time to give priority to the treatments. The experimental room beam line has now been designed to be 'general purpose', to be used for research in different fields. Possible activities could be, as an example, irradiation of cells, test of beam monitors, development of in-beam monitoring devices or radiation hardness studies. In a second stage a third source will be added to the present two in order to carry on experiments with additional ion species besides the two used presently for treatments, protons and carbon ions. In this paper a description of the design and of the construction status is given.

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TUPMR042

Transverse Profile Expansion and Homogenization for the Beamline of XIPAF

target, experiment, optics, simulation

1346

Z. Yang, C.T. Du, X. Guan, W. Wang, X.W. Wang, H.J. Yao, S.X. Zheng
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

For the Xi'an 200 MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), one important thing is to produce more homog-enous beam profile at the target to fulfill the requirements of the beam application. Here the beam line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion and homogenization, and the step-like field magnets are employed for the beam spot homogenization. The simulations results including space charge effects and errors show that the beam line can meet the requirements well at the different energies (from 10 MeV to 230 MeV) and different beam spot size (from 20mm to 200mm).

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TUPMR044

Beam Test of the New Beamline for Radio-Isotope Production at KOMAC

target, vacuum, linac, isotope-production

1349

H.S. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning).
A high power proton linac is under operation at Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex (KOMAC). Currently, two beamlines are available and used to provide 20-MeV beam and 100-MeV beam to users from various fields. An additional 100-MeV beamline has been constructed mainly for production of radio-isotopes such as Sr-82 and Cu-67. Proton beam with the beam energy of 100 MeV and the average current of 0.6 mA is directed to the production target, which is located in a water-filled target chamber, through a beam window made of AlBeMet. The beam size at the target is designed to be about 100 mm in diameter. Installation of the beamline components including 1.5 T bending magnet and the beam diagnostic devices such as BPM and BCM is finished and beam commissioning is planned to start in early 2016. The details of newly-constructed beamline and the initial beam test results will be given in this paper.

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TUPMR048

SPS Injection and Beam Quality for LHC Heavy Ions With 150 ns Kicker Rise Time

injection, ion, kicker, damping

1360

B. Goddard, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, G. Kotzian, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

As part of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project for LHC heavy ions, the SPS injection kicker system rise time needs reduction below its present 225 ns. One technically challenging option under consideration is the addition of fast Pulse Forming Lines in parallel to the existing Pulse Forming Networks for the 12 kicker magnets MKP-S, targeting a system field rise time of 100 ns. An alternative option is to optimise the system to approach the existing individual magnet field rise time (2-98%) of 150 ns. This would still significantly increase the number of colliding bunches in LHC while minimising the cost and effort of the system upgrade. The observed characteristics of the present system are described, compared to the expected system rise time, together with results of simulations and measurements with 175 and 150 ns injection batch spacing. The expected beam quality at injection into LHC is quantified, with the emittance growth and simulated tail population taking into account expected jitter and synchronisation errors, damper performance and SPS non-linear optics behavior. The outlook for deployment is discussed, with the implications for LHC operation and HL-LHC performance.

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TUPMR050

Upgrades to the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Beam Stoppers for the LHC High-Luminosity Era

extraction, simulation, kicker, brightness

1367

V. Kain, R. Esposito, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, M. Meddahi, A. Perillo Marcone, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Each of the 3 km long transfer lines between the SPS and the LHC is equipped with two beam stoppers (TEDs), one at the beginning of the line and one close to the LHC injection point, which need to absorb the full transferred beam. The beam stoppers are used for setting up the SPS extractions and transfer lines with beam without having to inject into the LHC. Energy deposition and thermo-mechanical simulations have, however, shown that the TEDs will not be robust enough to safely absorb the high intensity beams foreseen for the high-luminosity LHC era. This paper will summarize the simulation results and limitations for upgrading the beam stoppers. An outline of the hardware upgrade strategy for the TEDs together with modifications to the SPS extraction interlock system to enforce intensity limitations for beam on the beam stoppers will be given.

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TUPMR051

New Spill Control for the Slow Extraction in the Multi-Cycling SPS

quadrupole, extraction, controls, target

1371

V. Kain, K. Cornelis, E. Effinger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The flux of particles slow extracted with the 1/3 integer resonance from the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN was previously controlled with a servo-spill feedback system which acted on the horizontal tune such as to keep the spill rate as constant as possible during the whole extraction time. The current in two servo-quadrupoles was modulated as a function of the difference between the measured and the desired spill rate. With servo quadrupoles at a single location in the SPS ring and the SPS in multi-cycling mode, the trajectory of the slow extracted beam was seen to change from cycle to cycle depending on the current applied by the servo feedback. Hence this system was replaced by a feed-forward tune correction using the main SPS quadrupoles. In this way the spill control can now be guaranteed without changing the trajectory of the extracted beam. This paper presents the algorithm and implementation in the control system and summarizes the advantages of the new approach. The obtained spill characteristics will be discussed. The technique implemented for the additional reduction of the 50 Hz noise on the spill structure will also be briefly outlined.

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TUPMR052

Commissioning Preparation of the AWAKE Proton Beam Line

laser, plasma, experiment, extraction

1374

J.S. Schmidt, B. Biskup, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, R. Gorbonosov, M. Gourber-Pace, E. Gschwendtner, L.K. Jensen, O.R. Jones, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The AWAKE experiment at CERN will use a proton bunch with an momentum of 400 GeV/c from the SPS to drive large amplitude wakefields in a plasma. This will require a ~830 m long transfer line from the SPS to the experiment. The prepa- rations for the beam commissioning of the AWAKE proton transfer line are presented in this paper. They include the detailed planning of the commissioning steps, controls and beam instrumentation specifications as well as operational tools, which are developed for the steering and monitoring of the beam line. The installation of the transfer line has been finished and first beam is planned in summer 2016.

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TUPMR053

Initial Experience with Carbon Stripping Foils at ISIS

injection, operation, synchrotron, vacuum

1378

B. Jones, D.J. Adams, H. V. Smith
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is a spallation neutron and muon source based upon a 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron accelerating ~3×10¹³ protons per pulse from 70 to 800 MeV to deliver a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to two target stations. Throughout its 30 years of operation ISIS has developed aluminium oxide foils in-house for H− charge exchange injection. The manufacturing and installation processes for these foils are time consuming, radiologically dose intensive and require a high degree of skill. Commercially available carbon based foils commonly used at other facilities, have the potential to greatly simplify foil preparation and installation in addition to improving beam quality. Similar foils would also be necessary for facility upgrades which increase injection energy to withstand the higher operating temperatures. This paper describes the initial experience of carbon foils in the ISIS synchrotron including issues relating to handling and mounting foils, their performance under beam operation and plans for further development.

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TUPMR054

Simulation of the FCC-hh Collimation System

collimation, betatron, insertion, simulation

1381

J. Molson, P. Bambade, S. Chancé, A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. Funding also from ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02.
The proposed CERN FCC-hh proton-proton collider will operate at unprecedented per-particle (50 TeV) and total stored beam energies (8.4 GJ). These high energies create the requirement for an efficient collimation system in order to protect the accelerator components and experiments. In order to verify the performance of proposed collimation system designs, loss map simulations have been performed using the code Merlin. Results for the current baseline layout are presented for both betatron and off-momentum loss maps.

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TUPMR055

Solid Targetry for the Isotope Production Facility at the KOMAC 100 MeV Linac

target, coupling, isotope-production, shielding

1384

S.P. Yun, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, Y.G. Song
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
D.I. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

Funding: *This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of the Korean Government.
The construction of the isotope production facility was recently completed on the 100 MeV proton linac at the KOMAC (Korea multi-purpose accelerator complex). To produce the Sr-82 and Cu-67, we have prepared the solid targetry which consist of target transportation system , target cooling system and a hot-cell for remote handling. The Isotope production targets are made of RbCl pellet and stainless steel cladding. For the proton beam irradiation, the targets are transported by target drive system which consist of drive chain and guide rail by remotely. In this paper, we will report the detailed design, fabrication and operation status of the solid targetry at the KOMAC isotope production facility.

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TUPMR057

High Current Proton and Carbon Beam Operation via Stripping of a Molecular Beam at GSI UNILAC

ion, linac, operation, ion-source

1390

M. Heilmann, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, R. Hollinger, E. Jäger, P. Scharrer, W. Vinzenz, H. Vormann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W.A. Barth, Ch.E. Düllmann, P. Scharrer
HIM, Mainz, Germany
Ch.E. Düllmann
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut of Nuclear Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
P. Scharrer
Mainz University, Mainz, Germany

The experimental program of the future facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) project requires a high number of cooled anti-protons per hour. The FAIR proton injector linac has to deliver a 70 MeV, 35 mA pulsed proton beam at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. During recent machine investigations at the GSI a high current proton beam was achieved in the Universal Lineral Accelerator (UNILAC). In preparation for this the ion source was equipped with a newly developed 7-hole extraction system and optimized for single charged hydrocarbon beam (isobutane gas) operation. This beam was accelerated to 1.4 MeV/u and cracked in a new pulsed gas stripper into protons and charged carbon. The new stripper setup injects high density gas pulses synchronous with the transit of the beam pulse close to the beam trajectory. With this setup a proton (up to 4.3 mA) as well a carbon beam (up to 9.5 mA) intensity record at beam energy of 1.4 MeV was achieved. The proton beam was accelerated up to 3.6 MeV/u inside the first Alvarez-section with full transmission. The paper will present beam measurement in comparison to the former beam investigations using a 2 mA proton beam in the entire UNILAC.

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TUPMW001

SPPC Parameter Choice and Lattice Design

dipole, lattice, collider, quadrupole

1400

F. Su
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
S. Bai, T.J. Bian, Y.K. Chen, J. Gao, J.Y. Tang, D. Wang, Y. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In this paper we showed a systematic method of appropriate parameter choice for a circular pp collider by using analytical expression of beam-beam tune shift limit started from given design goal and technical limitations. Based on parameters scan, we obtain a set of parameters for SPPC with different circumferences like 54km, 78km or 100km and different energies like 70TeV or 100TeV. We also showed the first version of SPPC lattice although it needs lots of work to do and to be optimized.

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TUPMW002

LHC Luminosity Modeling for RUNII

luminosity, emittance, radiation, scattering

1403

F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, M. Hostettler, M. Lamont, S. Papadopoulou, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, M. Pojer, B. Salvachua, M. Wyszynski
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
After a long shut-down (LS1), LHC restarted its operation on April 2015 at a record energy of 6.5TeV, achieving soon a good luminosity performance. In this paper, a luminosity model based on the three main components of the LHC luminosity degradation (intrabeam scattering, synchrotron radiation and luminosity burn-off), is compared with data from runII. Based on the observations, other sources of luminosity degradation are discussed and the model is refined. Finally, based on the experience from runI and runII, the model is used for integrated luminosity projections for the HL-LHC beam parameters.

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TUPMW004

Assessment and Mitigation of the Proton-Proton Collision Debris Impact on the FCC Triplet

shielding, detector, quadrupole, dipole

1410

M.I. Besana, F. Cerutti, S.D. Fartoukh, R. Martin, R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Martin
Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

The Future Circular hadron Collider (FCC-hh), which is designed to operate at a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV and to deliver ambitious targets in terms of both instantaneous and integrated luminosity, poses extreme challenges in terms of machine protection during operation and with respect to long-term damages. Energy deposition studies are a crucial ingredient for its design. One of the relevant radiation sources are collision debris particles, which de- posit their energy in the interaction region elements and in particular in the superconducting magnet coils of the final focus triplet quadrupoles, to be protected from the risk of quenching and deterioration. In this contribution, the collision debris will be characterised and expectations obtained with FLUKA will be presented, including magnet lifetime considerations. New techniques including crossing angle gymnastics for peak dose deposition mitigation (as recently introduced in the framework of the LHC operation), will be discussed.

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TUPMW016

Effect of the LHC Beam Screen Baffle on the Electron Cloud Buildup

electron, simulation, shielding, dipole

1454

A. Romano, G. Iadarola, K.S.B. Li, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
Electron Cloud (EC) has been identified as one of the major intensity-limiting factors in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to the EC, an additional heat load is deposited on the perforated LHC beam screen, for which only a small cooling capacity is available. In order to preserve the superconducting state of the magnets, pumping slots shields were added on the outer side of the beam screens. In the framework of the design of the beam screens of the new HL-LHC triplets, the impact of these shields on the multipacting process was studied with macroparticle simulations. For this purpose multiple new features had to be introduced in the PyECLOUD code. This contribution will describe the implemented simulation model and summarize the outcome of this study.

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TUPMW021

Roman Pot Insertions in High-Intensity Beams for the CT-PPS Project at LHC

insertion, impedance, luminosity, vacuum

1473

M. Deile, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, B. Salvant, G. Valentino
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CMS-TOTEM Precision Proton Spectrometer (CT-PPS) at the LHC IP5 aims at exploring diffractive physics at high luminosity in standard LHC fills. It is based on 14 Roman Pots (RPs), designed to host tracking and time-of-flight detectors for measuring the kinematics of leading protons. To reach the physics goals, the RPs will finally have to approach the beams to distances of 15 beam σs (i.e. ~1.5 mm) or closer. After problems with showers and impedance heating in first high-luminosity RP insertions in 2012, the LS1 of LHC was used for upgrades in view of impedance minimisation and for adding new collimators to intercept RP-induced showers. In 2015 the effectiveness of these improvements was shown by successfully inserting the RPs in all LHC beam intensity steps to a first-phase distance of ~25 σs. This contribution reviews the measurements of debris showers and impedance effects, i.e. the data from Beam Loss Monitors, beam vacuum gauges and temperature sensors. The dependences of the observables on the luminosity are shown. Extrapolations to L=10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1 and smaller distances to the beam do not indicate any fundamental problems. The plans for 2016 are outlined.

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TUPMW023

Macroparticle-Induced Losses During 6.5 TeV LHC Operation

operation, electron, beam-losses, luminosity

1481

G. Papotti, M. Albert, B. Auchmann, E.B. Holzer, M.K. Kalliokoski, A. Lechner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

One of the major performance limitations for operating the LHC at high energy was feared to be the so called UFOs (Unidentified Falling Objects, presumably micrometer sized dust particles which lead to fast beam losses when they interact with the beam). Indeed much higher rates were observed in 2015 compared to Run 1, and about 20 fills were prematurely terminated by too high losses caused by such events. Additionally they triggered a few beam induced quenches at high energy, the first in the history of the LHC. In this paper we review the latest update on the analysis of these events, e.g. the conditioning observed during the year and possible correlations with beam and machine parameters. At the same time we also review the optimization of beam loss monitor thresholds in terms of machine protection and availability.

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TUPMW025

Machine Protection from Fast Crab Cavity Failures in the High Luminosity LHC

cavity, collimation, simulation, luminosity

1485

A. Santamaría García, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, F. Cerutti, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Lechner, K.N. Sjobak, A. Tsinganis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

The time constant of a crab cavity (CC) failure can be faster than the reaction time of the active protection system. In such a scenario, the beams cannot be immediately extracted, making the the protection of the machine rely on the passive protection devices. At the same time, the energy stored in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams will be doubled with respect to the LHC to more than 700 MJ, which increases the risk of damaging the machine and the experiments in a failure scenario. In this study we estimate the impact that different CC failures have on the collimation system. We also give a first quantitative estimate of the effect of these failures on the elements near the experiments based on FLUKA simulations, using an updated HL-LHC baseline.

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TUPMW037

Luminosity Targets for FCC-hh

luminosity, collider, hadron, detector

1523

F. Zimmermann, M. Benedikt, X. Buffat, D. Schulte
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Supported by the European Commission under the Capacities 7th Framework Programme project EuCARD-2, grant agreement 312453, and under the HORIZON 2020 project EuroCirCol, grant agreement 654305.
We discuss the choice of target values for the peak and integrated luminosity of a future high-energy frontier circular hadron collider (FCC-hh). We review the arguments on the physics reach of a hadron collider. Next we show that accelerator constraints will limit the beam current and the turnaround time. Taking these limits into account, we derive an expression for the ultimate integrated luminosity per year, depending on a possible pile-up limit imposed by the physics experiments. We finally benchmark our result against the planned two phases of FCC-hh.

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TUPMW038

RHIC Operation with Asymmetric Collisions in 2015

operation, injection, emittance, cavity

1527

C. Liu, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, S.K. Nayak, S. Nemesure, P.H. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Collisions with beams of highly asymmetric rigidities (proton-Gold and proton-Aluminum) were provided for the RHIC physics programs in 2015. Magnets were moved for the first time in RHIC prior to the run to accommodate the asymmetric beam trajectories during acceleration and at store. A special ramping scheme was designed to keep the revolution frequencies of the beams in the two rings equal. The unique operational experience of the asymmetric run will be reviewed.

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TUPMW040

Beam-beam Simulation for the 2015 RHIC Proton Run with Electron Lenses

dynamic-aperture, electron, lattice, simulation

1533

Y. Luo, W. Fischer, X. Gu, G. Robert-Demolaize, V. Schoefer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Electron lenses were used for head-on beam-beam compensation for the first time in the 2015 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 100~GeV polarized proton run. Lattices with the achromatic telescopic squeeze (ATS) scheme of β^* are adopted to improve the off-momentum dynamic aperture. The phase advances between the electron lenses to one of the two collisional points are set to kπ to minimize the beam-beam resonance driving terms. In this article, we present the results from weak-strong and strong-strong beam-beam simulations with head-on beam-beam compensations for these lattices. Simulations are also carried out aiming to explain the observations from operation.

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TUPMY005

A Muon Source Proton Driver at JPARC-based Parameters

injection, booster, linac, operation

1550

D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy.
An "ultimate" high intensity proton source for neutrino factories and/or muon colliders was projected to be a ~4 MW multi-GeV proton source providing short, intense proton pulses at ~15 Hz. The JPARC ~1 MW accelerators provide beam at parameters that in many respects overlap these goals. Proton pulses from the JPARC Main Ring can readily meet the pulsed intensity goals. We explore these parameters, describing the overlap and consider extensions that may take a JPARC-like facility toward this "ultimate" source. JPARC itself could serve as a stage 1 source for such a facility.

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TUPMY008

Phase Rotation of Muon Beams for Producing Intense Low-energy Muon Beams

experiment, simulation, target, solenoid

1556

Y. Bao, Y. Bao, G. Hansen
UCR, Riverside, California, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Low-energy muon beams are useful for rare decay researches, providing access to new physics that cannot be addressed at high-energy colliders. However, the large initial energy spread of the muon beam greatly limits the efficiency of muon applications. In this paper we outline a phase rotation method to significantly increase the intensity of low-energy muons. The muons are first produced by a short pulsed proton driver, and after a drift channel they form a time-momentum correlation. A series of rf cavities is used to bunch the muons and then phase rotate the bunches so that all the bunches reaches a momentum around 100 MeV/c. Then another group of rf cavities is used to decelerate the muon bunches to low-energy. Such a method produces low-energy muons with an efficiency of 0.1 muon per 8 GeV proton, which is significantly higher than the current Mu2e experiment at Fermilab, and it provides the possibility for the next generation rare decay researches.

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TUPMY009

MuSim, a Graphical User Interface for Multiple Simulation Programs

simulation, interface, electron, real-time

1559

T.J. Roberts, M.A.C. Cummings, R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

MuSim is a new user-friendly program designed to interface to many different particle simulation codes, regardless of their data formats or geometry descriptions. It presents the user with a compelling graphical user interface that includes a flexible 3-D view of the simulated world plus powerful editing and drag-and-drop capabilities. All aspects of the design can be parametrized so that parameter scans and optimizations are easy. It is simple to create plots and display events in the 3-D viewer (with a slider to vary the transparency of solids), allowing for an effortless comparison of different simulation codes. Simulation codes: G4beamline, MAD-X, and MCNP; more coming. Many accelerator design tools and beam optics codes were written long ago, with primitive user interfaces by today's standards. MuSim is specifically designed to make it easy to interface to such codes, providing a common user experience for all, and permitting the construction and exploration of models with very little overhead. For today's technology-driven students, graphical interfaces meet their expectations far better than text-based tools, and education in accelerator physics is one of our primary goals.

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TUPMY016

Design of a Collection and Selection System for High Energy Laser-driven Ion Beams

laser, ion, dipole, quadrupole

1581

F. Schillaci, L. Allegra, A. Amato, L. Andò, G.A.P. Cirrone, M. Costa, G. Cuttone, G. De Luca, G. Gallo, J. Pipek, F. Romano
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Korn, D. Margarone, V. Scuderi
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Funding: ELI-Beamlines Contract n.S14-187, LaserGen(CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0057), Ministry of Education of Czech Rep.(reg. No.CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0061), the FZU, AVCR, v.v.i and the project financed by ESF and Czech Rep.
Laser-target acceleration represents a very promising alternative to conventional accelerators for several potential applications, from the nuclear physics to the medical ones. However, some extreme features, not suitable for multidisciplinary applications, as the wide energy and angular spreads are typical of optically accelerated ion beams. Therefore, beyond the improvements at the laser-target interaction level, a lot of efforts have been recently devoted to the development of specific beam-transport devices in order to obtain controlled and reproducible output beams. In this framework, a three years contract has been signed between INFN-LNS (IT) and Eli-Beamlines-IoP (CZ) to provide the design and the realization of a complete transport beam-line, named ELIMED, dedicated to the transport, diagnostics and dosimetry of laser-driven ion beams. The transport devices will be composed by a set of super-strong permanent magnet quadrupoles able to collect and focus laser driven ions up to 70MeV/u, and a magnetic chicane made of conventional electromagnetic dipole to select particles within a narrow energy range. Here, the design and development of these magnetic systems is described.

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TUPMY019

CLAPA Proton Beam Line in Peking University

laser, target, plasma, ion

1592

J.G. Zhu, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, H.Y. Lu, W.J. Ma, L. Tao, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Comparing with the conventional accelerator, the laser plasma accelerator can accelerate ions more effectively and greatly reduce the scale and cost. A laser accelerator− Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator (CLAPA) is being built at Institute of Heavy Ion physics of Peking University. According to the beam parameters from proof of principle experiments and theoretical simulations, we design the beam line for ions transport which is being built now and in the near future we will carry out experimental study with it. The beam line is mainly constituted by quadrupole and analyzing magnets . The quadrupole triplet lens collects protons generated from the target, while the analyzing magnet system will choose the protons with proper energy. The transport is simulated by program TRACK. The beam line is designed to deliver proton beam with the energy of 1~ 40MeV, energy spread of ±1% and 106-8 protons per pulse to satisfy the requirement of different experiments. The transmission efficiency is about 94% when the energy spread is ±1%.

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TUPMY024

First Test of The Imperial College Gabor (Plasma) Lens prototype at the Surrey Ion Beam centre

plasma, electron, background, ion

1598

P.A. Posocco, J.K. Pozimski, Y. Xia
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
M.J. Merchant
UoM ICS, Manchester, United Kingdom
M.J. Merchant
The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: Funding was provided by the Imperial College Confidence in Concepts scheme.
The first plasma (Gabor) lens prototype operating at high electron density was built by the Imperial College London in 2015. In November 2015 the lens was tested at the Ion Beam Centre of the University of Surrey with a 1 MeV proton beam. Over 500 snapshots of the beam hitting a scintillator screen installed 0.5 m downstream of the lens were taken for a wide range of settings. Unexpectedly, instead of over- or underfocusing the incoming particles, the lens converted pencil beams into rings. In addition to the dependence of their radius on the lens settings, periodic features appeared along the circumference, suggesting that the electron plasma was exited into a coherent off-axis rotation. The cause of this phenomenon is under investigation.

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TUPMY025

Proton-Driven Electron Acceleration in Hollow Plasma

plasma, electron, acceleration, wakefield

1601

Y. M. Li, K. Hanahoe, O. Mete Apsimon, T.H. Pacey, G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: President's Doctoral Scholar Award from The University of Manchester.
Proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration has been proposed to accelerate electrons to TeV-scale in a single hundreds of meters plasma section. However, it is difficult to conserve beam quality due to the positively charged driven scheme. In this paper, we demonstrate via simulation that hollow plasma is favourable to maintain the long and stable acceleration and simultaneously be able to achieve low normalized emittance and energy spread of the witness electrons. Moreover, it has much higher beam loading tolerance compared to the uniform case. This will potentially facilitates the acceleration of a large number of particles with high beam quality.
* Caldwell A et al.Nature Physics, 2009, 5(5): 363-367
** K. Lotov, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 2010, 13(4): 041301.
*** W. Kimura et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 2011, 14(4): 041301.

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TUPMY042

Proton Injection into the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

rfq, electron, optics, ion-source

1638

E. Prebys, K. Carlson, H. Piekarz, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. A. Antipov
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the DOE, under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359.
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is an experimental synchrotron being built at Fermilab to test the concept of non-linear "integrable optics". These optics are based on a lattice including non-linear elements that satisfies particular conditions on the Hamiltonian. The resulting particle motion is predicted to be stable but without a unique tune. The system is therefore insensitive to resonant instabilities and can in principle store very intense beams, with space charge tune shifts larger than those which are possible in conventional linear synchrotrons. The ring will initially be commissioned with electrons, but this poster describes progress toward the injection of protons into the ring, using the RFQ originally built for the High Energy Neutrino Source (HINS) project.

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TUPMY044

Carbon and Mercury Target Systems for Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories

target, emittance, collider, factory

1641

K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
J.S. Berg, H.G. Kirk, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US DOE Contract NO. DE-AC02-98CH110886
A high-power target is required to convert a powerful MW-class proton beam into an intense muon source or neutrino source in support of physics at the intensity frontier. The first phase of a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory program may use a 6.75-GeV proton driver with beam power of only 1 MW. At this lower power it is favorable to use a graphite target with beam and target tilted slightly to the axis of a 20-T pion-capture solenoid around the target. Using the MARS15 (2014) code, we optimized the geometric parameters of the beam and target to maximize particle production at low energies by an incoming proton beam with kinetic energy of 6.75 GeV impinging on this carbon target. We also studied beam-dump configurations to suppress the rate of undesirable high-energy secondary particles in the beam. For a possible upgrade to a proton beam of multi-MW power, we considered a free-flowing mercury jet.

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TUPOR010

Simulation of Instability at Transition Energy with a New Impedance Model for CERN PS

impedance, simulation, emittance, synchrotron

1674

N. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S. Aumon, N. Biancacci, M. Migliorati, G. Sterbini, N. Wang
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Migliorati
INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy
S. Persichelli
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

Instabilities driven by the transverse impedance are proven to be one of the limitations for the high intensity reach of the CERN PS. Since several years, fast single bunch vertical instability at transition energy has been observed with the high intensity bunch serving the neu-tron Time-of-Flight facility (n-ToF). In order to better understand the instability mechanism, a dedicated meas-urement campaign took place. The results were compared with macro-particle simulations with PyHEADTAIL based on the new impedance model developed for the PS. Instability threshold and growth rate for different longitu-dinal emittances and beam intensities were studied.

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TUPOR016

A Multi-GeV Recirculating Proton Linac

linac, cavity, acceleration, operation

1688

J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

A high power GeV proton linac has many scientific applications. Recirculating RF linac as an efficient accelerator has been used and proposed to accelerate both electron and muon beams. In this paper, we propose using a multi-pass recirculating RF linac to attain a multi-GeV high power proton beam. This linac consists of three types of superconducting RF cavities that accelerate the proton beam multiple times from 150 MeV to final multiple GeV energy. Such a recirculating linac can significantly reduce the number of RF cavities in the accelerator and lower the cost of the facility.

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TUPOR028

Excitation of Longitudinal Coupled-bunch Oscillations with the Wide-band Cavity in the CERN PS

cavity, feedback, synchrotron, LLRF

1724

L. Ventura, M. Migliorati
INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy
H. Damerau, M. Migliorati, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Migliorati
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy

Longitudinal coupled-bunch oscillations in the CERN Proton Synchrotron have been studied in the past years and they have been recognized as one of the major challenges to reach the high brightness beam required by the High Luminosity LHC project. In the frame of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project in 2014 a new wide-band Finemet cavity has been installed in the Proton Synchrotron as a part of the coupled-bunch feedback system. To explore the functionality of the Finemet cavity during 2015 a dedicated measurement campaign has been performed. Coupled-bunch oscillations have been excited with the cavity around each harmonic of the revolution frequency with both a uniform and nominal filling pattern. In the following the measurements procedure and results are presented.

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TUPOR029

Study of Fast Instability in Fermilab Recycler

electron, simulation, dipole, betatron

1728

S. A. Antipov
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
P. Adamson, S. Nagaitsev, M.-J. Yang
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

One of the factors which may limit the intensity in the Fermilab Recycler is a fast transverse instability. It develops within a hundred turns and, in certain conditions, may lead to a beam loss. Various peculiar features of the instability: its occurrence only above a certain intensity threshold, and only in horizontal plane, as well as the rate of the instability, suggest that its cause is electron cloud. We studied the phenomena by observing the dynamics of stable and unstable beam. We found that beam motion can be stabilized by a clearing bunch, which confirms the electron cloud nature of the instability. The findings suggest electron cloud trapping in Recycler combined function mag-nets. Bunch-by-bunch measurements of betatron tune show a tune shift towards the end of the bunch train and allow the estimation of the density of electron cloud and the rate of its build-up. The experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations of electron cloud build-up and its interaction with the beam.

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TUPOY001

Beam Quality Assurance for Proton Clinical Beams at MedAustron

operation, controls, hardware, synchrotron

1899

L.C. Penescu, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

The commissioning process of the MedAustron accelerator has delivered the configurations providing the requested beam parameters in the irradiation room, and at the same time it identified the critical points where a performance drift can appear. The strategy for beam quality assurance has therefore two components: testing the specific parameters of the beam delivered to the irradiation room, and testing for any drifts that might appear at the critical points. We present here the monitoring strategy, the observed limitations, the tools employed and the long-term statistics of the beam quality assurance for proton clinical beams.

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TUPOY003

Novel Approach to Utilize Proton Beams from High Power Laser Accelerators for Therapy

laser, acceleration, target, radiation

1905

U. Masood, M. Baumann, W. Enghardt, L. Karsch, J. Pawelke, S. Schürer
OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
M. Baumann
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
M. Baumann
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
T.E. Cowan, U. Schramm
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
T.E. Cowan, W. Enghardt, T. Herrmannsdoerfer, J. Pawelke, U. Schramm
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
K.M. Hofmann, J.J. Wilkens
Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar & Physics Department, Munich, Germany
F. Kroll
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

Funding: Supported by German BMBF, nos. 03Z1N511 and 03Z1O511 & DFG cluster of excellence MAP.
Protons provide superior radiotherapy benefits to patients, but immense size and cost of the system limits it to only few centers worldwide. Proton acceleration on μm scale via high intensity laser is promising to reduce size and costs of proton therapy, but associated beamlines are still big and massive. Also, in contrast to conventionally accelerated quasi-continuous mono-energetic pencil beams, laser-driven beams have distinct beam properties, i.e. ultra-intense pico-sec bunches with large energy spread and large divergences, and with low repetition rate. With new lasers with petawatt power, protons with therapy related energies could be achieved, however, the beam properties make it challenging to adapt them directly for medical applications. We will present our compact beamline solution including energy selection and divergence control, and a new beam scanning and dose delivery system with specialized 3D treatment planning system for laser-driven proton beams. The beamline is based on high field iron-less pulsed magnets and about three times smaller than the conventional systems*, and can provide high quality clinical treatment plans**.
* U. Masood et al, Applied Phys B, 117(1):41-52, 2014
** K.M. Hofmann et al, Medical Physics, 42(9):5120-5129, 2015

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TUPOY004

Recommissioning of the Marburg Ion-beam Therapy Centre (MIT) Accelerator Facility

ion, operation, synchrotron, extraction

1908

U. Scheeler, Th. Haberer, C. Krantz, S.T. Sievers, M.M. Strohmeier
MIT, Marburg, Germany
R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, K. Höppner, J.M. Mosthaf, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, C. Schömers, T.W. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (MIT), located in Marburg, Germany, is in clinical operation since 2015. MIT is designed for precision cancer treatment using beams of protons or carbon nuclei, employing the raster scanning technique. The accelerator facility consists of a linac-synchrotron combination, developed by Siemens Healthcare/Danfysik, that was in a state of permanent stand-by upon purchase. With support from its Heidelberg-based sister facility HIT, the MIT operation company (MIT Betriebs GmbH) recommissioned the machine in only 13 months, reaching clinical standards of beam quality delivered to all four beam outlets. With the first medical treatment in October 2015, MIT became the third operational hadron beam therapy centre in Europe offering both proton and carbon beams.

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TUPOY005

The Use of Cyclotron for PET/CT Scan in Indonesian Hospitals and Future Collaboration

cyclotron, ion, ion-source, HOM

1911

N.S. Risdianto, J. Purwanto, F.A. Rahmadi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
N. Risdiana
UMY, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

In Indonesia there are only three hospitals, which using cyclotrons for cancer detection (PET scans). These three hospitals are located in one place: Jakarta. With 1.4 percent of the Indonesian population are developing tumor/cancer, compared to the number of hospitals, which have advanced PET technology from cyclotrons, it will be a major task for the government to empower the production and overseas collaboration in the cyclotron industry.

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TUPOY014

PSI Gantry 3: Integration of a New Gantry into an Existing Proton Therapy Facility

controls, interface, coupling, optics

1927

A. Koschik, C. Baumgarten, C. Bula, J.P. Duppich, A. Gerbershagen, M. Grossmann, V. Rizzoglio, J. Welte
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Paul Scherrer Institute extends its proton therapy facility PROSCAN by a third gantry. It is delivered by Varian Medical Systems (VMS) as part of a joint research project. Gantry 3 is equipped with a cone beam CT and allows 360 degrees of rotation while occupying a 10.5 m diameter. The integration of a gantry into the existing PSI-system typically being designed for a complete Varian system is a challenging project, since also the certification is to be maintained. Especially the interfaces between the PROSCAN-control system and the one of Gantry 3 have been a major development. Gantry 3 is designed to deliver proton beam of up to 8 nA with an accuracy better than a mm, while having a high level of over-current protection. This comprises a new current monitoring unit, several levels of interlock controllers and a beam energy dependent intensity compensation concept. One challenge concerns the specified layer switching time of 200 ms, required to reduce the treatment time to enable for repainting. After technical commissioning, acceptance tests and hand over, the clinical commissioning is foreseen in the second half of 2016 with the first patient treatment in December 2016.

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TUPOY017

Beam Energy Deposition from PS Booster and Production Rates of Selected Medical Radioisotopes in the CERN-MEDICIS Target

target, booster, ion, extraction

1936

B.C. Gonsalves, R.J. Barlow, S.C. Lee
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
R.M. Dos Santos Augusto
LMU, München, Germany
T. Stora
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN-MEDICIS uses the scattered (ca. 90%) 1.4 GeV, 2 uA protons delivered by the PS Booster to the ISOLDE target, which would normally end up in the beam dump. After irradiation, the MEDICIS target is transported back to an offline isotope mass separator, where the produced isotopes are mass separated, and are then collected. The required medical radioisotopes are later chemically separated in the class A laboratory. The radioisotopes are transported to partner hospitals for processing and preparation for medical use, imaging or therapy. Production of the isotopes is affected by the designs of the ISOLDE and MEDICIS targets. The MEDICIS target unit is a configurable unit, allowing for variations in target material as well as ion source for the production of selected medical radioisotopes. The energy deposition on both targets is simulated using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA, along with the in-beam production of some medical isotopes of interest. Diffusion and effusion efficiencies are then applied to estimate their production.

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TUPOY018

FLUKA Simulations for Radiation Protection at 3 Different Facilities

neutron, ion, radiation, photon

1940

R. Rata, S.C. Lee
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

FLUKA Monte Carlo Code is a transport code widely used in radiation protection studies. The code was developed in 1962 by Johannes Ranft and the name stands for FLUktuierende Kaskade (Fluctuating Cascade). The code was developede for high-energy physics and it can track 60 different particles from 1keV to thousands of TeV. It can be applied to accelerator design, shielding design, dosimetry, space radiation and hadron therapy. For particle therapy, FLUKA uses various physical models, all implemented in the PEANUT (Pre-Equilibrium Approach to Nuclear Thermalization) framework. The investigation was made for three different facilities : the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, the Christie Hospital and the OpenMeD facility at CERN. We calculated the secondary dose distributed to the patient, in case of Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, and to the workers in case of the Christie Hospital and OpenMeD, and to investigate whether the shielding methods meet the existing radiation protection requirements and that the doses to the staff are kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA).

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TUPOY019

Geant4 Simulations of Proton-induced Spallation for Applications in ADSR Systems

neutron, target, simulation, experiment

1943

S.C. Lee
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C. Bungau, R. Cywinski
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

Neutron spallation is an efficient process for producing intense neutron fluxes that can be exploited in Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactors (ADSRs) for energy production and the transmutation of nuclear waste. In order to assess the feasibility of spallation driven fission and transmutation we have simulated proton induced neutron production using GEANT4, initially benchmarking our simulations against published experimental neutron spectra produced from a thick lead target bombarded with 0.5 and 1.5 GeV protons. The Bertini and INCL models available in GEANT4, coupled with the high precision (HP) neutron model, are found to adequately reproduce the published experimental data. Given the confidence in the GEANT4 simulations provided by this benchmarking we have then proceeded to simulate neutron production as a function of target geometry and thence to some preliminary studies of neutron production in an ADSR with a geometry similar to that of the proposed Belgian MYRRHA project. This paper presents the results of our GEANT4 benchmarking and simulations.

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TUPOY020

Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source for 99mTc Production

target, neutron, rfq, cyclotron

1946

R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: The authors would like to thank STFC UK for their support of this work
The radioisotope Technetium-99m (^99mTc) is used in 85\% of all nuclear medicine procedures. ^99mTc is produced from its precursor Molybdenum-99 (⁹⁹Mo), which until recently was produced in only five research reactors worldwide. Recently a number of accelerator-based methods have been proposed to fill this gap and to diversify this supply chain. In the paper we present our base compact (4 m) 10 mA 3.5 MeV accelerator design, to generate low-energy neutrons via fusion. In this design we increase neutron capture with a novel moderator assembly to shift the neutron spectrum into the epithermal resonance region of the ⁹⁸Mo capture cross-section to create ⁹⁹Mo. In this paper we examine Li(p, n) reactions for neutron production. Specifically focused on a numerical studies for an optimised target design capable of handling the heat load.

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TUPOY021

Characterisation of the Spectra of Spallation Neutron Sources through Modelling

neutron, target, simulation, resonance

1950

R.J. Barlow, A. Rummana
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

We characterise the neutron flux and energy spectra produced by protons on a lead target. This may enable studies of the neutronics of an ADSR, to be separated from the higher energy spallation processes, in order to explore te potential of ADSR as a better alternative for energy production, safety and waste transmutation. We consider a range of proton energies, and show how the numbers of neutrons produced can be fitted by some simple functions of the proton energy, as can the spatial and energy distributions. These calculations were performed in both MCNPX and Geant4 and we compare and benchmark the low energy neutron spectra obtained by MCNPX code and a Monte Carlo Code Geant4 against each other. Discrepancies were found for the low energy neutron spectrum, but by using different models as calculation options for low energy neutrons in Geant4, this disagreement has been significantly reduced.

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TUPOY022

A Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator for Helium Therapy

ion, acceleration, emittance, injection

1953

J. Taylor
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
T.R. Edgecock, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S. Green
University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (nsFFAG) accelerator is being designed for helium ion therapy. This facility will consist of 2 nested superconducting rings, treating with helium ions (He²⁺) and image with hydrogen ions (H²⁺). Compared to protons, ions deliver a more conformal dose with a significant reduction in range straggling and beam broadening. Carbon ions are currently used and there are no current facilities providing helium therapy. We are investigating the feasibility of an FFAG approach for helium therapy, which has never been previously considered. We investigate emittance and demonstrate that the machine meets isochronicity requirements for fixed frequency RF.

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TUPOY023

A Compact and High Current FFAG for the Production of Radioisotopes for Medical Applications

target, injection, simulation, space-charge

1957

D. Bruton, R.J. Barlow, T.R. Edgecock, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A low energy Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator has been designed for the production of radioisotopes. Tracking studies have been conducted using the OPAL code, including the effects of space charge. Radioisotopes have a wide range of uses in medicine, and recent disruption to the supply chain has seen a renewed effort to find alternative isotopes and production methods. The design features separate sector magnets with non-scaling, non-linear field gradients but without the counter bends commonly found in FFAG's. The machine is isochronous at the level of 0.3% up to at least 28 MeV and hence able to operate in Continuous Wave (CW) mode. Both protons and helium ions can be used with this design and it has been demonstrated that proton beams with currents of up to 20 mA can be accelerated. An interesting option for the production of radioisotopes is the use of a thin internal target. We have shown that this design has large acceptance, ideal for allowing the beam to be recirculated through the target many times, the lost energy being restored on each cycle. In this way, the production of Technetium-99m, for example, can take place at the optimum energy.

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TUPOY025

ProBE - Proton Boosting Extension for Imaging and Therapy

cavity, linac, quadrupole, accelerating-gradient

1963

R. Apsimon, G. Burt, S. Pitman
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Conventional proton cyclotrons are practically limited by relativistic effects to energies around 250 MeV, sufficient to conduct proton therapy of adults but not for full-body proton tomography. We present an adaptation of the cyclinac scheme for proton imaging, in which a c.250 MeV cyclotron used for treatment feeds a linac that delivers a lower imaging current at up to 350 MeV. Our ProBE cavity design envisages a gradient sufficient to obtain 100 MeV acceleration in 3 metres after focusing is included, suitable for inclusion in the layouts of existing proton therapy centres such as the UK centre under construction at Christie Hospital. In this paper, we present the results of design studies on the linac optics and RF cavity parameters. We detail particle transmission studies and tracking simulation studies.

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TUPOY026

Optimization of Medical Accelerators

ion, diagnostics, detector, network

1966

C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675265.
The Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) is the aim of a new European Training Network. OMA joins universities, research centers and clinical facilities with industry partners to address the challenges in: treatment facility design and optimization; numerical simulations for the development of advanced treatment schemes; and beam imaging and treatment monitoring. Projects include: compact accelerators for proton beam energy boosting and gantry design; strategies for improving Monte Carlo codes for medical applications and treatment planning; and advanced diagnostics for online beam monitoring. The latter involves RF-based measurements of ultra-low charges and new encoding methodologies for ultra-fast 3D surface scanning. This contribution presents an overview of the network's research program and highlights the various challenges across the three scientific work packages. It also summarizes the network-wide training program consisting of schools, topical workshops and conferences that will be open to the wider medical and accelerator communities.

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TUPOY029

Gem*Star Consortium Proposal to Build a Demonstration Accelerator Driven System

operation, target, site, neutron

1973

R.P. Johnson, R.J. Abrams, M.A.C. Cummings, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
R.B. Vogelaar
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

The GEM*STAR Consortium of four companies, two universities, and two US national laboratories has formed Mu*STAR, a new company, to fund and build a profitable pilot plant to demonstrate the advantages of subcritical molten-salt-fueled nuclear reactors driven by superconducting RF proton linacs. The GEM*STAR multipurpose reactor design features new accelerator power capabilities, an internal spallation neutron target, and high temperature molten salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products such that the reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors. GEM*STAR is a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel (SNF), natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. It will operate without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing, making it an excellent design overall, and a strong candidate for export. We describe the design and plans for funding a pilot plant that could profitably dispose of excess weapons-grade plutonium.

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TUPOY036

Diffusion and Thermal Stability of Implanted Hydrogen in ZnO Nanorods

resonance, lattice, ion, radiation

1982

J.K. Park, Y.-S. Cho, H.-J. Kwon, K.T. Seol, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning of Korean Government.
The 20-MeV proton-beams with a fluence of 10¹² cm^-2 were irradiated on ZnO nanorods. The effects of proton-beam irradiation on ZnO nanorods are investigated by using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. After irradiation, new and modified NMR resonance lines are observed in ¹H NMR spectra. The diffusion and thermal stability of each proton species are investigated from the lab- and rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation data depending on temperature. Understanding the properties of thermally stable hydrogen species created by the beam irradiation may promise many possible applications, since the hydrogen stable up to high temperature only meets the device working conditions.

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TUPOY042

Schemes for the Accelerator-driven System

cyclotron, neutron, operation, target

1995

T.-Y. Lee, H.-S. Lee, S. Shin
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Accelerator-Driven system (ADS) is considered the fu-ture nuclear reactor. In principle, it is safer and creates less waste than the conventional nuclear reactor, and provides the transmutation function that converts spent fuel into short-lived elements. However, to fully realize this system, a huge proton accelerator (typically, 1 GeV beam energy and over 10 MW beam power) with ex-tremely high operational stability is necessary. This paper discusses how the currently available technology can be applied for nuclear transmutation.

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TUPOY043

GEM*STAR Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System for Improved Safety, Waste Management, and Plutonium Disposition

neutron, target, simulation, operation

1998

M.A.C. Cummings, R.P. Johnson, T.J. Roberts
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

Operation of high-power SRF particle accelerators at two US national laboratories allows us to consider a less-expensive nuclear reactor that operates without the need for a critical core, fuel enrichment, or reprocessing. A multipurpose reactor design that takes advantage of this new accelerator capability includes an internal spallation neutron target and high-temperature molten-salt fuel with continuous purging of volatile radioactive fission products. The reactor contains less than a critical mass and almost a million times fewer volatile radioactive fission products than conventional reactors like those at Fukushima. We describe GEMSTAR , a reactor that without redesign will burn spent nuclear fuel, natural uranium, thorium, or surplus weapons material. A first application is to burn 34 tonnes of excess weapons grade plutonium as an important step in nuclear disarmament under the 2000 Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement **. The process heat generated by this W-Pu can be used for the Fischer-Tropsch conversion of natural gas and renewable carbon into 42 billion gallons of low-CO2-footprint, drop-in, synthetic diesel fuel for the DOD.

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TUPOY044

Energy Efficiency of High Power Accelerators for ADS Applications

neutron, linac, klystron, cyclotron

2001

M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot, S. Peggs
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
One important issue identified by the 2014 comprehensive nuclear fuel cycle Evaluation & Screening report* that was chartered by the US Department of Energy was the impact of the electricity required to operate the accelerator on the overall efficiency of an Accelerator Driven System (ADS).The objective of this paper is to contribute some understanding regarding that issue. Then, by looking at several options of existing and projected accelerator technologies for ADS, we evaluate the impact of the technology choice on the efficiency of a conventional ADS facility, in view of investigating the limitations and where there is room for improvement.
* R. Wigeland et al, Nuclear fuel cycle evaluation and screening'final report: Appendix B, Comprehensive set of fuel cycle options. Idaho National Laboratory Technical Report INL/EXT-14-31465 (2014).

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TUPOY045

Effect of the Beam Time Structure on the Neutronics of an Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor

neutron, operation, controls, target

2004

M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
When designing a high power accelerator for an ADSR, it is important to optimize the beam parameters to be compatible with the steady state character of the reactor operation and to define an adequate and safe startup procedure. In this study we investigate the impact of the beam time structure on the kinetic behavior of the sub-critical core and derive a general relationship between the time evolution of the neutron population and the proton beam.

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WEOBA02

Commissioning of the China-ADS Injector-I Testing Facility

rfq, emittance, simulation, cavity

2048

F. Yan, J.S. Cao, Y.L. Chi, R. Ge, H. Geng, S. Gu, D.Z. Guo, T.M. Huang, X. Jing, H. Li, R.L. Liu, F. Long, C. Meng, H.F. Ouyang, W.M. Pan, Q.L. Peng, Y.F. Sui, J.L. Wang, S.C. Wang, Z. Xue, Q. Ye, Y.L. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The 10 MeV accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) Injector I test stand at Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) is a testing facility dedicated to demonstrate one of the two injector design schemes [Injector Scheme-I, which works at 325 MHz], for the ADS project in China. The ion source was installed since April of 2014, periods of commissioning are regularly scheduled between installation phases of the rest of the injector. 6.05 MeV proton energy has been achieved with average beam current of 10 mA by 7 SC spoke cavities at present. This contribution reports the details of the commissioning results together with the challenges of the CW machine commissioning.

Slides WEOBA02 [5.243 MB]

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WEZA01

RHIC Performance with Stochastic Cooling for Ions and Head-on Beam-beam Compensation for Protons

luminosity, operation, electron, ion

2055

W. Fischer, J.G. Alessi, Z. Altinbas, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, M.R. Costanzo, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, C.E. Harper, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, J. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.P. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, S. Perez, A.I. Pikin, P.H. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
M. Bai, Y. Dutheil
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has two main operating modes with heavy ions and polarized protons respectively. In addition to a continuous increase in the bunch intensity in all modes, two major new systems were completed recently mitigating the main luminosity limit and leading to significant performance improvements. For heavy ion operation stochastic cooling mitigates the effects of intrabeam scattering, and for polarized proton operation head-on beam-beam compensation mitigated the beam-beam effect. We present the performance increases with these upgrades for heavy ions and polarized protons, as well as an overview of all operating modes past and planned.

Slides WEZA01 [12.687 MB]

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WEOCA01

Operation of the LHC with Protons at High Luminosity and High Energy

luminosity, operation, emittance, cryogenics

2066

G. Papotti, M. Albert, R. Alemany-Fernandez, G.E. Crockford, K. Fuchsberger, R. Giachino, M. Giovannozzi, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, M. Lamont, D. Nisbet, L. Normann, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Suykerbuyk, J.A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2015 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) entered the first year in its second long Run, after a 2-year shutdown that prepared it for high energy. The first two months of beam operation were dedicated to setting up the nominal cycle for proton-proton operation at 6.5 TeV/beam, and culminated with the first physics with 3 nominal bunches/ring at 13 TeV CoM on 3 June. The year continued with a stepwise intensity ramp up that allowed reaching 2244 bunches/ring for a peak luminosity of ~5·10³³ cm^-2s⁻¹ and a total of just above 4 fb-1 delivered to the high luminosity experiments. Beam operation was shaped by the high intensity effects, e.g. electron cloud and macroparticle-induced fast losses (UFOs), which on a few occasions caused the first beam induced quenches at high energy. This paper describes the operational experience with high intensity and high energy at the LHC, together with the issues that had to be tackled along the way.

Slides WEOCA01 [4.013 MB]

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WEXB01

Status, Plans and Potential Applications of the ELIMED Beam Line at ELI-Beamlines

laser, ion, acceleration, target

2077

G.A.P. Cirrone, L. Allegra, A. Amato, A. Amico, G. Candiano, A.C. Caruso, L. Cosentino, M. Costa, G. Cuttone, G. De Luca, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, G. Larosa, R. Leanza, R. Manna, V. Marchese, G. Milluzzo, G. Petringa, J. Pipek, P.S. Pulvirenti, F. Romano, S. Salamone, F. Schillaci, V. Scuderi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Korn, D. Margarone, V. Scuderi
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic

Charged particle acceleration using ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulses has gathered a strong interest in the scientific community and it is now one of the most attractive topics in the relativistic laser-plasma interaction research. Indeed, it could represent the future of particle acceleration and open new scenarios in multidisciplinary fields, in particular, medical applications. One of the biggest challenges consists of using, in a future perspective, high intensity laser-target interaction to generate high-energy ions for therapeutic purposes, eventually replacing the old paradigm of acceleration, characterized by huge and complex machines. In this framework, INFN-LNS (Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catania (I)) in collaboration with ELI-Beamline Institute (Dolny Brezany, CZ) will realise, within 2017 the ELIMED (ELI-Beamlines MEDical and multidisciplinary applications) beamline. ELIMED will be the first Users' addressed transport beamline dedicated to the medical and multidisciplinary studies with laser-accelerated ion beams.

Slides WEXB01 [29.683 MB]

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WEOBB03

A Non-destructive Profile Monitor Using a Gas Sheet

electron, ion, target, experiment

2102

N. Ogiwara, Y. Hikichi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, Y. Namekawa
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, T. Shima
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We are developing a dense gas-sheet target to realize a non-destructive and fast-response beam profile monitor for 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) in the J-PARC. This time, to demonstrate the function of the gas sheet for measuring the 2 dimensional profiles of the accelerated beams, the following experiments were carried out: 1) The gas sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm and the density of 2×10^-4 Pa was generated by the combination of the deep slit and the thin slit. Here, the gas sheet was produced by the deep slit, and the shape of the sheet was improved by the thin slit. 2) For the electron beam of 30 keV with a diameter greater than 0.35 mm, the position and the two-dimensional profiles were well measured using the gas sheet. 3) Then the profiles of the 400 MeV proton beam with a current of 1×10-6 A was well measured, too.

Slides WEOBB03 [4.718 MB]

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WEIB01

Collaboration with Industry in Korea for Medical Accelerators

cyclotron, medical-accelerators, ion, radiation

2105

S.H. Nam
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Activities related to medical accelerator development in Korea have been very active recently. Industrial collaboration in this respect has also been highly active. The current main medical accelerator project in Korea is the Korean Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project, which is an heavy ion therapy facility mainly with carbon ions. The collaboration covers wide technical areas such as RF structures, magnets, vacuum components, diagnostics, etc. In this talk, such industrial collaboration aspects in Korea will be presented and further collaboration areas will be proposed.

Slides WEIB01 [5.766 MB]

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WEPMB031

Post Processing of Spoke Type Superconducting Cavities at Institute of High Energy Physics

cavity, linac, target, SRF

2191

J. Dai, J.P. Dai, F.S. He, X. Huang, L.H. Li, Z.Q. Li, H.Y. Lin, Z.C. Liu, B. Ni, W.M. Pan, P. Sha, G.W. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, Z. Xue, X.Y. Zhang, G.Y. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by Chinese Academy of Science strategic Priority Research Program-Future Advanced Nuclear Fission Energy.
After upgrading the post-processing system, several superconducting cavities were RF tested at Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in China recently. The test results of 14 spoke 012 cavities and 6 spoke 021 cavities which used at China ADS injector I and linac all exceeds our design objective. Moreover, a spoke 040, a 650MHz elliptical cavity and a 325MHz HWR cavity are also vertical tested and the test results are all significantly surpass our design value. The post processing of these cavities including Buffered Chemical Polishing (BCP), high temperature heat treatment and High Pressure water Rinsing (HPR) is presented here.
daijin@pku.edu.cn

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WEPMR036

Crab Cavities for eRHIC - A Preliminary Design

cavity, electron, linac, luminosity

2351

Q. Wu, I. Ben-Zvi, S. Verdú-Andrés, B. P. Xiao
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
I. Ben-Zvi
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The proposed eRHIC electron ion collider at BNL must use a relatively large crossing angle between the ion and electron beams for various reasons, including the reduction of long-range beam-beam effects and minimization of synchrotron radiation noise in the detector. To prevent significant loss of the luminosity due to this large crossing angle, the design of the collider requires the use of groups of crab cavities to provide local crabbing for both proton/ion and electron beams. We will base our design for eRHIC crab cavities based on our experience in the design of the 400 MHz double quarter wave crab cavity (DQWCC) for the Hi-Lumi upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This DQWCC design is scaled to different frequencies of a main crab cavity and its higher harmonics for eRHIC. In this paper, we discuss the preliminary designs of the eRHIC crab cavities and their major parameters.

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WEPMR044

Beam Induced Damage Studies of the IFMIF/EVEDA 125 mA CW 9 MeV D⁺ Linear Accelerator

ion, operation, neutron, linac

2373

F. Scantamburlo, J. Knaster, A. Marqueta
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
P.-Y. Beauvais
F4E, Germany
B. Bolzon, H. Dzitko
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
R. Ichimiya
JAEA, Aomori, Japan
H. Kobayashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

IFMIF (International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility) will be a Li(d, xn) neutron source providing equivalent neutron spectrum of DT fusion reactions and comparable neutron flux of future commercial reactors. IFMIF, presently in its EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) phase is installing LIPAc (Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator) in Rokkasho (Japan), a 125 mA CW 9 MeV deuteron beam as validating prototype of IFMIF accelerators. The MPS of LIPAc manages the interlocks for a fast beam stop during anomalous beam losses or other hazardous situations. High speed processing is essential to achieve MPS goals driven by investment protection principles. Since Bragg's peak depth is dependent of energy, power densities by uncontrolled beam losses can be very damaging at low energies; the MPS principles for LIPAc are validating those for IFMIF. Beam losses may lead to severe damages by excessive thermal stresses, annealing or even burn/melting of materials. Careful studies to set the maximum allowable time for a beam shutdown to prevent undesired scenarios during the accelerator operational life have been undertaken.

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WEPMR046

Thermal Analysis of the Injection Beam Dump at J-PARC RCS

radiation, injection, shielding, synchrotron

2380

J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, P.K. Saha, K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

In the J-PARC accelerator facility, 400 MeV H⁻ ions are injected from linac to rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). A thin graphite foil with the thickness of about 300 ug/cm² is located at the injection point to strip two electrons from H⁻ ion and convert it to proton. The charge stripping efficiency is usually more than 99.7 %. In other words, less than 0.3 % H⁻ ions are not accurately exchanged to protons. Most of those remaining H⁻ ions or H⁰ atoms (stripped only one electron from H⁻ ion) are eventually converted to protons by second and third graphite foils and transported to the beam dump. This beam dump consists of an iron block with the size of 0.3×0.3×0.4 m3 for beam stop and the iron block with the size of 3×3×2.5 m3 and concrete with the size of 6×6×6 m3 around the iron block for the radiation shielding. The radiation shielding was designed to endure the 4 kW proton beam to the beam dump. In this presentation, we show the thermal analysis of the beam dump and compare it to the real operation.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMR046

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WEPMW001

End-to-End Beam Simulations for the New Muon G-2 Experiment at Fermilab

target, storage-ring, experiment, simulation

2408

M. Korostelev, I.R. Bailey, A. Wolski
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A. Herrod, A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J.P. Morgan
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
W. Morse, D. Stratakis, V. Tishchenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The aim of the new muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab is to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with an unprecedented uncertainty of 140 ppb. A beam of positive muons required for the experiment is created by pion decay. Detailed studies of the beam dynamics and spin polarization of the muons are important to predict systematic uncertainties in the experiment. In this paper, we present the results of beam simulations and spin tracking from the pion production target to the muon storage ring. The end-to-end beam simulations are developed in Bmad and include the processes of particle decay, collimation (with accurate representation of all apertures) and spin tracking.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW001

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WEPMW006

First Design of a Proton Collimation System for 50 TeV FCC-hh

collimation, insertion, betatron, collider

2423

M. Fiascaris, R. Bruce, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We present studies aimed at defining a first conceptual solution for a collimation system for the hadron-hadron option for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh). The baseline collimation layout is based on the scaling of the present LHC collimation system to the FCC-hh energy. It currently includes a dedicated betatron cleaning insertion as well as collimators in the experimental insertions to protect the inner triplets. An aperture model for the FCC-hh is defined and the geometrical acceptance is calculated at top energy taking into account mechanical and optics imperfections. Based on these studies the collimator settings needed to protect the machine are defined. The performance of the collimation system is then assessed with particle tracking simulation tools assuming a perfect machine.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW006

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WEPMW007

Validation of Off-momentum Cleaning Performance of the LHC Collimation System

collimation, beam-losses, injection, alignment

2427

B. Salvachua, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, H. Garcia, P.D. Hermes, S. Jackson, M. Jaussi, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, H. Timko, G. Valentino, A. Valloni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

The LHC collimation system is designed to provide effective cleaning against losses coming from off-momentum particles, either due to un-captured beam or to an unexpected RF frequency change. For this reason the LHC is equipped with a hierarchy of collimators in IR3: primary, secondary and absorber collimators. After every collimator alignment or change of machine configuration the off-momentum cleaning efficiency is validated with loss maps at low intensity. We describe here the improved technique used in 2015 to generate such loss maps without completely dumping the beam into the collimators. The achieved performance of the collimation system for momentum cleaning is reviewed.

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WEPMW017

Ion Beam Polarization Dynamics in the 8 Gev Booster of the Jleic Project at Jlab

booster, polarization, resonance, quadrupole

2460

V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
In the Jefferson Lab's Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) project, an injector of polarized ions into the collider ring is a superconducting 8 GeV booster. Both figure-8 and racetrack booster versions were considered. Our analysis showed that the figure-8 ring configuration allows one to preserve the polarization of any ion species during beam acceleration using only small longitudinal field with an integral less than 0.5 Tm. In the racetrack booster, to preserve the polarization of ions with the exception of deuterons, it suffices to use a solenoidal Siberian snake with a maximum field integral of 30 Tm. To preserve deuteron polarization, we propose to use arc magnets for the race-track booster structure with a field ramp rate of the order of 1 T/s. We calculate deuteron and proton beam polarizations in both the figure-8 and racetrack boosters including alignment errors of their magnetic elements using the Zgoubi code.

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WEPMW019

Study of Beam Synchronization at JLEIC

ion, electron, dipole, collider

2463

V.S. Morozov, Y.S. Derbenev, J. Guo, A. Hutton, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contracts No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab's Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) accommodates a wide range of ion energies, from 20 to 100 GeV for protons or from 8 to 40 GeV per nucleon for lead ions. In this medium energy range, ions are not fully relativistic, which means values of their relativistic beta are slightly below 1, leading to an energy dependence of revolution time of the collider ring. On the other hand, electrons with energy 3 GeV and above are already ultra-relativistic such that their speeds are effectively equal to the speed of light. The difference in speeds of colliding electrons and ions in JLEIC, when translated into a path-length difference necessary to maintain the same timing between electron and ion bunches, is quite large. In this paper, we explore schemes for synchronizing the electron and ion bunches at a collision point as the ion energy is varied.

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WEPMW022

Multi-Cell RF-Dipole Deflecting and Crabbing Cavity

cavity, dipole, electron, ion

2469

S.U. De Silva, J.R. Delayen, H. Park
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Single cell superconducting rf-dipole cavities operating at 400 MHz, 499 MHz and 750 MHz have been designed, fabricated and successfully tested at cryogenic temperatures. These cavities have been shown to have attractive rf properties: high deflecting gradients, low electric and magnetic peak surface fields, and high shunt impedance. The single cell rf-dipole geometry has no lower order modes and has widely separated higher order mode spectrum. In this study we are investigating a multi-cell superconducting rf-dipole cavity operating at 952.6 MHz intended for the Jefferson Lab Energy Electron-Ion Collider. The analysis investigates the dependence of beam aperture variation and other cavity parameters on rf properties including cavity gradient, surface fields, shunt impedance and higher order mode separation.

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WEPMW026

Beam-Beam Simulation With Crab-Cavities for Erhic

electron, dynamic-aperture, luminosity, cavity

2479

Y. Luo, Y. Hao, Y.C. Jing, V. Ptitsyn, D. Trbojevic
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To avoid the luminosity loss due to cross-angle collision, crab cavities are being considered for the electron-ion collider designs at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In this article, we study the effects of crab cavities on the proton beam dynamics without and with beam-beam interactions. Dynamic apertures are to be calculated with various parameters of crab cavities. To minimize the distortion from a single crab cavity, harmonic crab cavities are also considered.

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WEPMW027

The ERL-based Design of Electron-Hadron Collider eRHIC

electron, hadron, linac, luminosity

2482

V. Ptitsyn, E.C. Aschenauer, I. Ben-Zvi, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, J.C. Brutus, O.V. Chubar, A.V. Fedotov, D.M. Gassner, H. Hahn, Y. Hao, A. Hershcovitch, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, Y.C. Jing, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Mahler, B. Martin, G.T. McIntyre, W. Meng, F. Méot, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, B. Parker, I. Pinayev, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser, J. Skaritka, R. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, H. Witte, Q. Wu, C. Xu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S.A. Belomestnykh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Recent developments of the ERL-based design of future high luminosity electron-hadron collider eRHIC focused on balancing technological risks present in the design versus the design cost. As a result a lower risk design has been adopted at moderate cost increase. The modifications include a change of the main linac RF frequency, reduced number of SRF cavity types and modified electron spin transport using a spin rotator. A luminosity-staged approach is being explored with a Nominal design (L ~ 10³³ cm^-2 s^-1) that employs reduced electron current and could possibly be based on classical electron cooling, and then with the Ultimate design (L > 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1) that uses higher electron current and an innovative cooling technique (CeC). The paper describes the recent design modifications, and presents the full status of the eRHIC ERL-based design.

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WEPMW032

Radiation-induced Effects on LHC Collimator Materials under Extreme Beam Conditions

radiation, ion, neutron, heavy-ion

2502

E. Quaranta, A. Bertarelli, F. Carra, P.D. Hermes, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K. Bunk
Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
F. Carra
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
J. Guardia Valenzuela
Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
P.D. Hermes
Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Muenster, Germany
C.L. Hubert, M. Tomut
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Nocera
Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
C. Porth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Simos
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Over the last years, several samples of present and novel LHC collimator materials were irradiated under various beam conditions (using protons, fast neutrons, light and heavy ions at different energies and fluences) in different facilities around the world. This was achieved through an international collaboration including many companies and laboratories over the world. The main goal of the beam tests and the post-irradiation campaign is the definition of a threshold for radiation damage above which LHC collimators need to be replaced. In this paper, highlights of the measurements performed will be presented. First conclusions from the available data are also discussed.

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WEPMW033

Validation of Simulation Tools for Fast Beam Failure Studies in the LHC

simulation, optics, collimation, beam-losses

2506

E. Quaranta, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC collimation system protects passively the most sensitive machine equipment against beam losses. In particular, collimators are the last line of defense in case of single-turn failures that cannot be caught by the standard interlock system. The collimator settings are conceived to protect the machine even for very rare events, like beam abort failures with a full machine. Collimator settings are established in simulations through a dedicated tracking setup but also empirically validated by beam measurements at low intensities. A benchmark of simulations is essential for reliably estimating the response of the system for future machine configurations and beam parameters. In the paper, results are presented of tracking simulations for different optics deployed in the LHC Run II at 6.5 TeV and compared with data.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW033

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WEPMW036

MERLIN Cleaning Studies with Advanced Collimator Materials for HL-LHC

scattering, collimation, simulation, hadron

2514

A. Valloni, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France
H. Rafique
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The challenges of the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider require improving the beam collimation system. An intense R&D program has started at CERN to explore novel materials for new collimator jaws to improve robustness and reduce impedance. Particle tracking simulations of collimation efficiency are performed using the code MERLIN which has been extended to include new materials based on composites. After presenting two different implementations of composite materials tested in MERLIN, we present simulation studies with the aim of studying the effect of the advanced collimators on the LHC beam cleaning.

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WEPMW037

MERLIN Simulations of the LHC Collimation System with 6.5 TeV Beams

collimation, simulation, scattering, betatron

2518

A. Valloni
Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France
H. Rafique
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The accelerator physics code MERLIN has been extended in many areas to make detailed studies of the LHC collima- tion system and calculate loss maps from beam halo losses. Large scale tracking simulations have been produced for the 2015 run configuration at 6.5 TeV. We present results of cleaning inefficiency simulations of the LHC's multi-stage collimation system along with a detailed comparison be- tween MERLIN, SixTrack, and measured beam losses.

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WEPMW041

Multiple Bunch HOM Evaluation for eRHIC Main Linac Cavities

HOM, electron, cavity, linac

2525

C. Xu, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Hao, V. Ptitsyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: This work is supported by LDRD program of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. DOE.
High current Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) 5-cell cavities are essential for the proposed ERL-based electron-ion collider eRHIC in BNL. The HOM power generated when a single bunch traverses the cavity is estimated by the corresponding loss factor. Multiple re-circulations through the ERL create a specific bunch pattern. In this case the loss factor can be different than the single bunch loss factor. The HOM power generation can be surveyed in the time and frequency domains. We estimate the average HOM power in the eRHIC 5-cell cavity with different ERL bunch patterns using both methods. We also discuss possible solutions to reduce this HOM power.

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WEPMY008

Towards Awake Applications: Electron Beam Acceleration in a Proton Driven Plasma Wake

plasma, electron, acceleration, wakefield

2557

E. Adli
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

The first phases of the AWAKE experiment will study the wake structure and the potential for electron acceleration in a self-modulated proton driver. In AWAKE Run 2, expected to start after the LHC Long Shut Down 2, electron beam acceleration will be studied. Using a single proton driver and a long acceleration stage, an electron bunch will be accelerated to high energies. Demonstrating beam quality preservation and scalable plasma sources will be a significant step towards using proton driven plasma for applications. We report on the plans and preparations for AWAKE Run 2.

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WEPMY016

Development of RF System for Measuring Plasma Density Modulation of Proton Beam-driven Plasma Wakefield

plasma, simulation, wakefield, focusing

2582

S.Y. Kim, M. Chung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Proton beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration technique using the proton beam of Super Proton Syn-chrotron (SPS) at CERN has been actively researched these days. Plasma density modulation due to the proton beam will generate high-gradient's electric field within the modulated plasma. The key role is Self-Modulation Instability (SMI) of the long proton beam. To understand SMI phenomena, we have studied RF system such as heterodyne system for measuring modulated plasma den-sity caused by the SMI. In this work, we design the details of the RF system and optical system of focusing millimetre-sized electromagnetic wave using CODE V and plasma-electromagnetic wave interactions using simulation tools.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY016

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WEPMY017

Numerical Studies of Self Modulation Instability in the Beam-driven Plasma Wakefield Experiments

plasma, electron, wakefield, simulation

2585

K. Moon, M. Chung
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Proton beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration was recently proposed as a way to bring electrons to TeV energy range in a single plasma section. When the ultra-relativistic long proton beam propagates into the plasmas, this bunch splits into many small bunches. This phenomenon is known as a Self-Modulation Instability (SMI), and its characteristics depend on the ratio of bunch length and plasma wavelength. In this study, we first introduce a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code WARP, focusing on the basis of parallel version structure. Through numerical simulations using the WARP, we investigate the characteristics of the SMI and propose possible experimental setup at the Injector Test Facility (ITF) of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). Also, we present dependencies of the witness beam quality on both the driver beam and plasma parameters.

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WEPMY020

Integration of a Terawatt Laser at the CERN SPS Beam for the AWAKE Experiment on Proton-Driven Plasma Wake Acceleration

laser, plasma, electron, vacuum

2592

V. Fedosseev, M. Battistin, E. Chevallay, N. Chritin, V. Clerc, T. Feniet, F. Friebel, F. Galleazzi, P. Gander, E. Gschwendtner, J. Hansen, C. Heßler, M. Martyanov, A. Masi, A. Pardons, F. Salveter, K.A. Szczurek
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Martyanov, J.T. Moody, P. Muggli
MPI-P, München, Germany

In the AWAKE experiment a high-power laser pulse ionizes rubidium atoms inside a 10 m long vapor cell thus creating a plasma for proton-driven wakefield acceleration of electrons. Propagating co-axial with the SPS proton beam the laser pulse seeds the self-modulation instability within the proton bunch on the front of plasma creation. The same laser will also generate UV-pulses for production of a witness electron beam using an RF-photoinjector. The experimental area formerly occupied by CNGS facility is being modified to accommodate the AWAKE experiment. A completely new laser laboratory was built, taking into account specific considerations related to underground work. The requirements for AWAKE laser installation have been fulfilled and vacuum beam lines for delivery of laser beams to the plasma cell and RF-photoinjector have been constructed. First results of laser beam hardware commissioning tests following the laser installation will be presented.

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WEPMY021

Beam-Plasma Interaction Simulations for the AWAKE Experiment at CERN

plasma, experiment, wakefield, electron

2596

A.V. Petrenko, E. Gschwendtner, G. Plyushchev, M. Turner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K.V. Lotov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K.V. Lotov, A. Sosedkin
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
G. Plyushchev
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Turner
TUG/ITP, Graz, Austria

The AWAKE experiment at CERN will be the first proof-of-principle demonstration of the proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration using the 400 GeV proton beam extracted from the SPS accelerator. The plasma wakefield will be driven by a sequence of sub-millimeter long micro-bunches produced as a result of the self-modulation instability (SMI) of the 12 cm long SPS proton bunch in the 10 m long rubidium plasma with a density corresponding to the plasma wavelength of around 1 mm. A 16 MeV electron beam will be injected into the developing SMI and used to probe the plasma wakefields. The proton beam self-modulation in a wide range of plasma densities and gradients have been studied in detail via numerical simulations. A new configuration of the AWAKE experiment with a small plasma density step is proposed.

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WEPMY024

A Spectrometer for Proton Driven Plasma Accelerated Electrons at AWAKE - Recent Developments

plasma, electron, emittance, simulation

2605

L.C. Deacon, S. Jolly, F. Keeble, M. Wing
UCL, London, United Kingdom
B. Biskup, A. Goldblatt, S. Mazzoni, A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Biskup
Czech Technical University, Prague 6, Czech Republic
M. Wing
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
M. Wing
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

The AWAKE experiment is to be constructed at the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso facility (CNGS). This will be the first experiment to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS will excite a wakefield in a plasma cell several meters in length. To probe the plasma wakefield, electrons of 10–20 MeV will be injected into the wakefield following the head of the proton beam. Simulations indicate that electrons will be accelerated to GeV energies by the plasma wakefield. The AWAKE spectrometer is intended to measure both the peak energy and energy spread of these accelerated electrons. Results of beam tests of the scintillator screen output are presented, along with tests of the resolution of the proposed optical system. The results are used together with a BDSIM simulation of the spectrometer system to predict the spectrometer performance for a range of possible accelerated electron distributions.

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WEPMY035

Preliminary Commissioning Results of the Proton Source for ESS at INFN-LNS

plasma, diagnostics, electron, vacuum

2628

L. Celona, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Maugeri, M. Mazzaglia, L. Neri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A.S. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra
Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy
A. Longhitano
ALTEK, San Gregorio (CATANIA), Italy
G. Torrisi
Universitá Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

At Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) - the commissioning of the high intensity Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) is under way. Preliminary results of plasma diagnostics collected on a testbench called "Flexible Plasma Trap" (FPT) will be correlated to the peculiarities of the magnetic system design and of the microwave injection setup with a view of the possible implications on the beam extraction system. The status of the costruction is presented.

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WEPOR021

Residual Radiation Monitoring by Beam Loss Monitors at the J-PARC Main Ring

radiation, detector, extraction, quadrupole

2715

T. Toyama, K. Satou
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
H. Kuboki, H. Nakamura, B. Yee-Rendón
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M.J. Shirakata
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

At J-PARC (the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex), high intensity proton accelerator, controlling and localizing beam losses and residual radiations are key issue, because the residual radiation limits maintenance work in efficiency and working hours, and then limits machine availability. We are accumulating continuous measurement data of residual radiation after beam stop using beam loss monitors in the Main Ring (MR). The wire cylinder gaseous radiation detectors are used in a proportional counting region. The heads are DC-connected and have a gain as large as 30000 with a bias of -2 kV. We switch the DAQ trigger from "Beam Trigger" to "No Beam Trigger", change the ADC sampling rate to 16 ms, and raise the gain by changing the bias voltage from -1.6 kV to -2.0 kV with a few exceptions when the accelerator operation ends. The offsets are measured with zero bias voltage. Identification of radionuclides has been performed with time decay analysis, with assistance of energy spectrum measurements with the Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Kromek GR1-Spectro.

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WEPOR036

Design and Commissioning of LLRF System for ADS Project in China

LLRF, controls, cavity, operation

2752

R.L. Liu, Y.L. Chi, N. Gan, X. Huang, N. Liu, X. Ma, Z.H. Mi, G.W. Wang, Q.Y. Wang, S.Z. Wang, Z.S. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
H.Y. Lin
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

This article describes a low-level RF control system for the ADS project at IHEP, which includes control units for an RFQ, 2 Bunchers and 14 spoke superconducting cavities with the reference line distribution. The paper covers system design consideration and implementation for those units. we will also presented some experience and results for the last one year operation of these LLRF systems.

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WEPOY033

Space Charge Compensation in Low Energy Beam Lines

space-charge, simulation, electron, solenoid

3055

F. Gérardin, N. Chauvin, D. Uriot
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M.A. Baylac, D. Bondoux, F. Bouly
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
A. Chancé, O. Napoly, N. Pichoff
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The dynamics of a high intensity beam with low energy is governed by its space-charge forces which may be responsible of emittance growth and halo formation due to their non-linearity. In a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line of a linear accelerator, the propagation of a charged beam with low energy causes the production of secondary particles created by the interaction between the beam and the background gas present in the accelerator tube. This phenomenon called space-charge compensation is difficult to characterize analitically. In order to obtain some quantitative to characterize the space-charge compensation (or neutralization), numerical simulations using a 3D PIC code have been implemented.

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WEPOY038

Design of a Collection and Selection System for High Energy Laser-Driven Ion Beams

quadrupole, laser, permanent-magnet, ion

3070

F. Schillaci, G.A.P. Cirrone, G. Cuttone, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Laser-based accelerators are gaining interest in recent years as an alternative to conventional machines. Nowadays, energy and angular spread of the laser-driven beams are the main issues in application and different solutions for dedicated beam-transport lines have been proposed. In this context a system of permanent magnet quadrupoles has been realized, by INFN researchers in collaboration with SIGMAPHI company, to be used as a collection system for laser-driven protons up to 20 MeV. The definition of well specified characteristics, in terms of performances and field quality, of the magnetic lenses is crucial for the system realization and an accurate study of the beam dynamics. Hence, a method for studying the errors on the PMQ harmonic contents has been developed. It consists of different series of simulations in which magnetic and mechanical errors are introduced in the array and the harmonic content is analyzed to fix the tolerances necessary to have a good beam quality downstream the system. The method developed for the analysis of the PMQs errors and its validation is here described. The technique is general and can be easily extended to any magnetic lens.

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WEPOY041

Fast Tracking of Nonlinear Dynamics in the ESS Linac Simulator via Particle-Count Invariance

sextupole, space-charge, framework, multipole

3080

B.T. Folsom, E. Laface
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Real-time beam modeling has been used in accelerator diagnostics for several decades. Along the way, the theory for matrix calculations of linear forces has matured, allowing for fast calculations of a beam's momentum and position distributions. This formalism becomes complicated and ultimately breaks down with high-order beam elements like sextupoles. Such elements can be accurately modeled with a Lie-algebra approach, but these techniques are generally implemented in slower, offline multiparticle tracking software. Here, we demonstrate an adaptation of the conventional Lie techniques for rapid first-order tracking of position, which is accomplished by treating a bunch's particle count as an invariant.

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WEPOY047

LHC Collimation and Energy Deposition Studies Using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM)

simulation, collimation, optics, beam-losses

3101

L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, H. Garcia, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a program that uses a suite of high energy physics software including Geant4, CLHEP & ROOT, that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors utilising the full range of particles and physics processes from Geant4. A comparison of the collimator cleaning efficiency and energy deposition throughout the full length of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the established SixTrack simulations of the CERN collimation group is presented. The propagation of the full hadronic showers from collimators provides unparalleled detail in energy deposition maps and these are compared with the data from beam loss monitors that measure radiation outside the magnet body.

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WEPOY056

Beam-beam Simulations with Realistic Crab Crossing for the eRhic Ring-Ring Electron Beam

electron, cavity, luminosity, hadron

3123

C. Montag
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The 15mrad beam crossing angle in the eRHIC ring-ring interaction region requires crab crossing of the 250GeV proton beam to restore the luminosity. Since the product of the RF voltage and the RF frequency of the crab cavities is constant for a given crossing angle, higher frequencies are preferred in order to limit the require voltage. However, the 20cm RMS proton bunch length provides an upper limit of the useable frequencies due to the significant curvature of the RF waveform over this bunch length. To study the effectof realistic crab cavities with a finite wavelength on electron beam-beamdynamics and to determine the potential need for higher harmonic crab cavities to linearize the kick a simulation code has been developed.

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WEPOY057

The 2015 eRHIC Ring-Ring Design

electron, luminosity, polarization, emittance

3126

C. Montag, E.C. Aschenauer, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, V. Litvinenko, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
To reduce the technical risk of the future electron-ion collider eRHIC currently under study at BNL, the ring-ring scheme has been revisited over the summer of 2015. The goal of this study was a design that covers the full center-of-mass energy range from 32 to 141 GeV with an initial luminosity around 10³³ cm^-2 sec^-1, upgradeable to 10³⁴ cm^-2 sec^-1 later on. In this presentation the baseline design will be presented, and future upgrades will be discussed.

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WEPOY058

Design of the 2015 Erhic Ring-Ring Interaction Region

electron, hadron, neutron, quadrupole

3129

C. Montag, B. Parker
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The 2015 ring-ring design study of the electron-ion collider eRHIC aims at an e-p luminosity around 10³³ cm^-2 sec^-1 over a center-of-mass energy range from 32 to 141 GeV, while at the same time providing the required detector geometry and acceptance for the proposed physics program. The latest interaction region design will be presented.

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THOAA01

Identification of Intra-bunch Transverse Dynamics for Model-Based Control Purposes at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

controls, simulation, feedback, synchrotron

3145

O. Turgut, J.E. Dusatko, J.D. Fox, C.H. Rivetta
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S.M. Rock
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 and the US LHC Accelerator Research program (LARP). Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch
The high luminosity upgrade plan for the LHC (HiLumi-LHC) increases the bunch intensity and the ultimate intensities require mitigation of possible intra-bunch instabilities in the SPS. Feedback systems can stabilize intra-bunch dynamics. Model based control has promise to stabilize intra-bunch dynamics but it requires a reduced order model which captures the most significant intra-bunch dynamics. We present methods for the estimation of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) reduced order model of intra-bunch dynamics based on data generated by nonlinear macro particle simulations (CMAD, HeadTail). These linear models are used to design optimal model-based controllers. We evaluate the effectiveness of the MIMO model-based controllers for future high intensity beam conditions within the nonlinear macro particle simulations. We highlight the use of these techniques to stabilize intra-bunch motion and as an important beam dynamics measurement technique.

Slides THOAA01 [10.146 MB]

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THXB01

Review of Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Machines

target, neutron, linac, cyclotron

3171

M. Yoshioka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising method for cancer therapy. A few accelerator-based BNCT projects are in progress in Japan, and plans for such systems are discussed in Europe, China, Taiwan and Korea. To obtain sufficient epi-thermal neutron flux, 30-50 kW of proton beam power is required. This talk reviews the present situation of the BNCT projects in the world. Key issues for the stable production of epi-thermal neutrons for medical applications are discussed. This includes the type of accelerator (linac or cyclotron), the selection of proton energy (3 MeV, 8 MeV, or 30 MeV), the coice of target (Li or Be) and moderator.

Slides THXB01 [4.059 MB]

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THOAB01

Status of Proton Beam Commissioning of the MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator

synchrotron, extraction, quadrupole, ion

3176

A. Garonna, F. Farinon, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, L.C. Penescu, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

MedAustron is a synchrotron-based ion beam therapy centre, designed to deliver clinical beams of protons (60-250 MeV) and carbon ions (120-400 MeV/u) to three clinical irradiation rooms (IR) and one research room, which can also host 800 MeV protons. The commission-ing activities for the first treatments with proton beams in IR3 have been completed and commissioning of IR1-2 is ongoing. The present paper describes the activities which took place during the last year, which involved all accel-erator components from the ion source to the IR.

Slides THOAB01 [4.483 MB]

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THPMB001

Muon Production via the ESSnuSB Project

target, linac, detector, extraction

3213

E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, M. Dracos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
N. Vassilopoulos
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: This project is now supported by the COST Action CA15139 "Combining forces for a novel European facility for neutrino-antineutrino symmetry-violation discovery" (EuroNuNet).
ESSnuSB plans to produce very intense neutrino beams using the protons from the ESS linac (5 MW, 2 GeV) and a 4-targets horn system. In the ESSnuSB proposed facility a copious number of muons will also be produced. These muons could be used by a future Neutrino Factory to study CP violation in the leptonic sector but also to study neutrino cross-sections. They could also be used to feed a future muon collider. The feasibility and the issues of extracting the intense muon beam produced together with neutrinos are discussed.

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THPMB026

Research on Low Secondary Electron Yield Materials for Future Accelerators

electron, vacuum, laser, synchrotron-radiation

3284

J. Wang, Y. Wang, W. Wei, Y.H. Xu, B. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y.X. Zhang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

For future accelerators, such as SPPC (SEYmax <1.2), the build-up of electron cloud generated in the beam pipes considerably affect the stability of particle beams. Therefore, it is critical to look for steady and low secondary electron yield (SEY) material for future high intensity accelerators.

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THPMB039

Voltage Error Studies in the ESS RFQ

rfq, emittance, linac, radio-frequency

3320

A. Ponton, Y.I. Levinsen, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A.C. France, O. Piquet, B. Pottin
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

During the fabrication of an RFQ, deviation from the perfect geometry will occur during assembling, brazing and machining the different parts. These geometrical defects will impact the theoretical inter-vane voltage, given by the beam dynamics, by altering the quadrupolar component as well as adding dipolar terms in the voltage function. Tuners can correct partially the effect of the manufacturing. The study summarizes the effects of the voltage errors on the beam quality in the case of the ESS RFQ with a harmonic analysis of the voltage function. We discuss the acceptable level of voltage errors and associated mechanical tolerances.

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THPMB054

FFAG Beam Line for nuPIL - Neutrinos from PIon Beam Line

lattice, target, detector, experiment

3372

J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.D. Bross, A. Liu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J. Pasternak
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facilities (LBNF) program aims to deliver a neutrino beam for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The current baseline for LBNF is a conventional magnetic horn and decay pipe system. Neutrinos from PIon beam Line (nuPIL) is a part of the optimization effort to optimize the LBNF. It consists of a pion beam line after the horn to clean the beam of high energy protons and wrong-sign pions before transporting them into a decay beam line, where instrumentation could be implemented. This paper focuses on the FFAG solution for this pion beam line. The resulting neutrino flux is also presented.

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THPMB055

A FODO Beam Line Design for nuPIL

dipole, lattice, optics, detector

3375

A. Liu, A.D. Bross
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
J.-B. Lagrange
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Fermilab Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) was proposed to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and demonstrate leptonic CP violation. The current design of the facility that produces the neutrino beam (LBNF) uses magnetic horns to collect pions and a decay pipe to allow them to decay. In this paper, a design of a possible alternative for the conventional neutrino beam in LBNF is presented. In this design, a FODO magnet beam line is used to collect the pions from the downstream face of a horn, bend them by ∼ 5.8 degrees and then transport them in a straight beam line where they decay to produce neutrinos. The idea of using neutrinos from the PIon beam Line (nuPIL) provides flavor-pure neutrino beams that can be well understood by implementing standard beam measurement technology. The neutrino flux and the resulting δ_CP sensitivity from the FODO nuPIL are also presented in the paper.

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THPMB056

Witness Beam Production with an RF Gun and a Travelling Wave Booster Linac for AWAKE Experiment at CERN

emittance, linac, gun, booster

3378

O. Mete Apsimon, G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R. Apsimon, G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
S. Döbert
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work is supported by the Cockcroft Institute Core Grant and STFC.
AWAKE is a unique experiment that aims to demonstrate the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration. In this experiment, proton bunches from the SPS accelerator will be injected into a 10m long pre-formed plasma section to form wakefields of hundreds MV/m to several GV/m. A second beam, e.g., the witness beam, will be injected after the protons in an appropriate phase to gain energy from the wakefields. A photo-injector will be utilised to deliver this second beam. It consists of an S-band RF gun followed by a meter long accelerating travelling wave structure (ATS). The RF gun was recuperated from existing PHIN photo-injector. A 3D RF design of the ATS was done by using the CST code and the field maps produced were used to characterise the electron beam dynamics under space charge effect by using the PARMELA code. The impact of the mechanical errors on the beam dynamics were investigated.

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THPMR004

Design of a Compact ion Beam Transport System for the BELLA Ion Accelerator

ion, laser, target, quadrupole

3391

Q. Ji, S.S. Bulanov, E. Esarey, W. Leemans, T. Schenkel, S. Steinke
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by LDRD funding from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) Center hosts a Ti:sapphire CPA laser providing laser pulses at petawatt-level peak power with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. High irradiances of 10²² W/cm² can be achieved with a short focal length beamline when the laser is focused to a spot of w₀ < 5 um. Under this condition, theoretical and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that protons and helium ions at energies up to several hundred MeV/u can be expected from the interaction between BELLA laser pulses and different targets. High ion energies*, low energy spread with high controllability and stability, a new generation of ion accelerators using high performance laser-driven ion beam has numerous potential applications such as injectors for conventional accelerators, radiation therapy, as well as high energy density laboratory physics and material science studies. We will present a preliminary ion optics design to collect, transport, and focus the ions generated from the laser-driven ion accelerator, and beam dynamics results using the ion distribution from the PIC simulation.
* S.S. Bulanov et al, Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and Beams 18, 061302 (2015).

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THPMR006

Muon Beam Tracking and Spin-Orbit Correlations for Precision g-2 Measurements

target, simulation, dipole, experiment

3397

D. Tarazona, M. Berz, R. Hipple, K. Makino, M.J. Syphers
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
M.J. Syphers
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The main goal of the Muon g-2 Experiment (g-2) at Fermilab is to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment to unprecedented precision. This new measurement will allow to test the completeness of the Standard Model (SM) and to validate other theoretical models beyond the SM. The close interplay of the understanding of particle beam dynamics and the preparation of the beam properties with the experimental measurement is tantamount to the reduction of systematic errors in the determination of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. We describe progress in developing detailed calculations and modeling of the muon beam delivery system in order to obtain a better understanding of spin-orbit correlations, nonlinearities, and more realistic aspects that contribute to the systematic errors of the g-2 measurement. Our simulation is meant to provide statistical studies of error effects and quick analyses of running conditions for when g-2 is taking beam, among others. We are using COSY, a differential algebra solver developed at Michigan State University that will also serve as an alternative to compare results obtained by other simulation teams of the g-2 Collaboration.

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THPMR018

Ion-Optics of Antiproton Separator at FAIR

antiproton, sextupole, target, collimation

3431

S.A. Litvinov, A. Dolinskyy, K. Knie
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
I. Koop, P.Yu. Shatunov, I.M. Zemlyansky
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

In the framework of antiproton program at FAIR project, the large acceptance antiproton separator is dedicated for the effective separation of the secondary antiprotons from the primary protons and the secondary beams of other particle species and subsequent transportation to the Collector Ring (CR). Here we present the latest ion-optical layout of the antiproton separator and possible second-order correction scheme as well.

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THPMR021

Bmad Model of COSY, Status and Progress

lattice, sextupole, polarization, resonance

3437

Y. Dutheil
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Abstract The COSY in Jülich is a versatile machine with a long history of polarized proton acceleration. A new model of COSY based on the Bmad library was developed to simulate beam and spin dynamics. Original methods of lattice design, notably multi-objective lattice optimization, were explored. This contribution presents the status and development steps of the Bmad model of COSY. Some of the latest simulations will also be discussed.

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THPMR030

Results of the Use of Axisymmetric RF Focusing in Proton Linacs at Energies up to 7 MeV

linac, focusing, cyclotron, rfq

3449

V.S. Dyubkov, Ya.V. Shashkov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

During a few decades axisymmetric RF structures with a focusing by means of nonsynchronous spatial harmonics of electromagnetic field are offered instead of proven RFQ. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 2 MeV was shown in a number of papers. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 7 MeV is considered in this paper. Results of an analytical investigation and a numerical simulation of self-consistent proton dynamics are presented and discussed.

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THPMR043

Performance of Transverse Beam Splitting and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in the Framework of Multi-turn Extraction

extraction, septum, resonance, sextupole

3492

G. Sterbini, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, S. Damjanovic, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, M. Hourican, A. Huschauer, K. Kahle, G. Le Godec, O. Michels
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C. Hernalsteens
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Considerable progress has been made in 2015 in the setting up of the multi-turn extraction (MTE) in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). A key ingredient in this novel extraction technique is the beam splitting in transverse phase space. This manipulation is based on adiabatic trapping in stable islands of transverse phase space and requires mastering a number of devices in the PS ring. In addition, an in-depth review of all fast extractions schemes in the PS had been required due to the development and installation of a dummy septum to shield the actual magnetic septum. In this paper, the current performance of the beam splitting and of the extraction including the shadowing effect is presented. Future lines of development will also be discussed.

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THPMW021

Performance of a Compensation Kicker Magnet for J-PARC Main Ring

timing, injection, kicker, pick-up

3588

T. Sugimoto, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, T. Shibata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Four lumped-type kicker magnets have been equipped in the J-PARC MR (Main Ring) to inject 8 proton bunches. To increase beam power, the bunch length will be increased up to 350 ns that will restricts the rise time of the injection kicker to be less than 250 ns. We have already developed a method to improve the rising time to 200 ns*. However, two reflection pulses are appeared at the waveform tail, which will kick the circulating bunches and induce coherent oscillation leading to beam loss. To compensate reflection pulses, we decide to install two new lumped-type kicker magnets, which are excited independently making operation flexible. A ceramic vacuum duct with TiN coating is inserted in the compensation kickers. Magnetic field measurement and coupling impedance measurement have been carried. In this paper, the results of both these measurements and performance study using proton beam will be discussed.
* T.Sugimot et.al, "Upgrade of the Injection Kicker System for J-PARC Main Ring", MOPME069, IPAC14, Dresden, Germany, 2014.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMW021

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THPMW043

Observation of Beam-induced Abort Kicker Ferrite Heating in RHIC

kicker, vacuum, quadrupole, impedance

3648

C. Montag, L. Ahrens, K.A. Drees, H. Hahn, J.-L. Mi, C. Pai, J. Sandberg, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
During the FY 2013 RHIC polarized proton run, deterioration of the abort kicker system was observed. The reduced kicks resulted in quenching the superconducting quadrupole Q4 downstream of the beam dump. Frequent re-tuning of the modulator wave form temporarily mitigated the effect, which worsened during the course of the run. Beam-induced heating of the kicker ferrites was evenutally identified as the root cause of this behavior. We report our observations and discuss modifications to the kickers.

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THPMY010

LHC Beam Vacuum Evolution During 2015 Machine Operation

electron, operation, solenoid, luminosity

3673

C. Yin Vallgren, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC successfully returned to operation in April, 2015 after almost 2 years of Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) for various upgrade and consolidation programs. During 2015 operation, the LHC operated for more than 1000 fills. The 2015 LHC proton physics ended with 2244 bunches per beam circulating with 25 ns bunch spacing at top energy of 6.5 TeV. This paper summarizes the dynamic vacuum observations in different locations along the LHC during dedicated fills as well as during physics runs with both 50 ns and 25 ns bunch spacing. The causes for the dynamic pressure rises are investigated and are presented. A clear beam conditioning effect is observed, as well as a so-called de-conditioning effect. Furthermore, for the experimental areas, the dynamic pressure evolution is also presented.

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THPMY016

Graphene Coating for the Reduction of the Secondary Electron Yield

electron, cavity, vacuum, framework

3688

B.S. Sian, G.X. Xia, G.L. Yu
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
I. Kinloch, L. Lin, V. Valles
University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh, G.X. Xia
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Secondary electron emission is a limiting factor for a performance of many instruments ranging from small gauges and detectors to waveguides and charged particle accelerators. There have been several methods of reducing this effect, e.g. the method of using a material with a low Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) or thin film coating with such a low SEY material. This paper describes the effect of SEY mitigation with graphene coatings on aluminium substrate. The maximum SEY (dmax) was decreased from 2.4 for bare aluminium to 1.4 with a graphene coating. Measurements were taken using an electron gun and a Faraday cup, the electron energies varied between 80 eV and 1 keV with a bias of -18 V on the sample. Other biases of -3, -5, -9, -25, -50 and -75 V were also tested however there was no effect on the SEY.

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THPMY019

LHC Injection Protection Devices, Thermo-mechanical Studies through the Design Phase

injection, operation, kicker, impedance

3698

I. Lamas Garcia, N. Biancacci, G. Bregliozzi, M. Calviani, M.I. Frankl, L. Gentini, S.S. Gilardoni, A. Lechner, A. Perillo-Marcone, B. Salvant, N.V. Shetty, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The TDI is a beam intercepting device installed on the two injection lines of the LHC. Its function is to protect the superconducting machine elements during injection in the case of a malfunction of the injection kickers. The TDIS, which will replace the TDI, is foreseen to be installed for high luminosity operation. Due to the higher bunch intensities and smaller beam emittances expected, and following the operational experiences of the TDI, a complete revision of the design of the jaws must be performed, with a main focus on the material selection. Furthermore, the new TDIS will also improve the TDI reliability by means of a robust design of the jaw positioning mechanism, the efficiency of the cooling circuit and by reducing its impedance. A simplified installation procedure and maintenance will also be an important requirement for the new design. This paper introduces the main characteristics of the TDI as LHC injection protection device, showing the needs and requirements for its upgrade. It also discusses the thermo-mechanical simulations that are supporting and guiding the design phase and the material selection, and describes the modifications to be implemented, so far, for this new device.

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THPMY022

Design of the Beam Dump for Low Flux Beamline in KOMAC

radioactivity, linac, radiation, operation

3702

C.R. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) operation fund of KAERI by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning)
A linac in KOMAC (Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex) is providing users with 100-MeV proton beam for various applications. A new target room (TR102) for low dose of radiation beam will be constructed in 2016. The beam dump is an important part of this beam line and must be designed to stop 100 MeV beams with a maximum power of 10 kW. Incepting the waste of beam increases the temperature of the beam dump, which can make a structural problem. Therefore, the material of it should be robust under the high temperature and the radioactive circumstance. To ensure safety, thermo-mechanical analyses have been performed for a few materials using a finite element code. The beam dump will be fabricated based on the analysis results.

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THPMY023

The Hiradmat 27 Experiment: Exploring High-Density Materials Response at Extreme Conditions for Antiproton Production

target, experiment, antiproton, instrumentation

3705

C. Torregrosa, M. Bergeret, E. Berthomé, M.E.J. Butcher, M. Calviani, L. Gentini, D. Horvath, J. Humbert, A. Perillo-Marcone, G. Vorraro
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C. Torregrosa
UPV, Valencia, Spain

The HRMT27-Rodtarg- experiment used the HiRadMat facility at CERN to impact intense 440 GeV proton beams onto thin rods -8 mm diameter, 140 length- made of high-density materials such as Ir, W, Ta, Mo among others. The purpose of the experiment has been to reduce uncertainties on the CERN antiproton target material response and assess the material selection for its future redesign. The experiment was designed to recreate the extreme conditions reached in the named target, estimated on an increase of temperature above 2000 °C in less than 0.5 μs and a subsequent compressive-to-tensile pressure wave of several GPa. The goals of the experiment were to validate the hydrocode calculations used for the prediction of the antiproton target response and to identify limits and failure mechanisms of the materials of interest. In order to accomplishing these objectives, the experiment counted on extensive online optical instrumentation pointing at the rod surfaces. Online results suggest that most of the targets suffer important internal damage even from conditions seven times lower than the reached in the AD-target. Tantalum targets clearly showed the best dynamic response.

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THPMY039

RF Synchronization and Distribution for AWAKE at CERN

laser, electron, extraction, controls

3743

H. Damerau, D. Barrientos, T. Bohl, A.C. Butterworth, S. Döbert, W. Höfle, J.C. Molendijk, S.F. Rey, U. Wehrle
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J.T. Moody, P. Muggli
MPI-P, München, Germany

The Advanced Wakefield Experiment at CERN (AWAKE) requires two particle beams and a high power laser pulse to arrive simultaneously in a rubidium plasma cell. A proton bunch from the SPS extracted about once every 30 seconds must be synchronised with the AWAKE laser and the electron beam pulsing at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The latter is directly generated using a photocathode triggered by part of the laser light, but the exact time of arrival in the plasma cell still depends on the phase of the RF in the accelerating structure. Each beam requires RF signals at characteristic frequencies: 6 GHz, 88.2 MHz and 10 Hz for the synchronisation of the laser pulse, 400.8 MHz and 8.7 kHz for the SPS, as well as 3 GHz to drive the accelerating structure of the electron beam. A low-level RF system has been designed to generate all signals derived from a common reference. Additionally precision triggers, synchronous with the arrival of the beams, will be distributed to beam instrumentation equipment. To suppress delay drifts of the several kilometer long optical fibres between AWAKE and the SPS RF systems, a compensated fibre link is being developed.

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THPOR050

New Working Point for CERN Proton Synchrotron

multipole, injection, resonance, focusing

3905

F. Sperati, A. Beaumont, S.S. Gilardoni, D. Schoerling, M. Serluca, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC High-luminosity project requests high brightness and intensity beams from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). The generation of such beams is limited due to resonance effects at injection. The impact of resonances can be minimized by performing appropriate correction with dedicated magnets and by optimizing the tune working point. Currently the tune working point at injection is naturally set by the quadrupolar component generated by the one hundred combined function normal conducting magnets installed in the PS, and slightly corrected by low energy quadrupole magnets. In this paper, a study is presented exploiting the use of the available five auxiliary individually powered circuits to adjust the quadrupolar and higher-order multipole components for changing the tune integer at injection. Due to the non-linear contribution of each circuit to the magnetic field distribution a finite-element magnetic model was prepared to predict the required currents in the auxiliary coils. The magnetic model was benchmarked with magnetic measurements and then tested in the PS machine during dedicated machine development times.

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THPOR051

Beam Based Measurements to Check Integrity of LHC Dump Protection Elements

extraction, kicker, operation, vacuum

3908

C. Bracco, W. Bartmann, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, A. Lechner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

LHC operation is approaching its nominal operating goals and several upgrades are also being prepared to increase the beam intensity and brightness. In case of an asynchronous beam dump at 6.5 - 7 TeV a non-negligible fraction of the stored energy (360 MJ during nominal operation) will be deposited on the protection elements (TCDQ and TCDS) located downstream of the extraction kickers. These elements are designed to protect the machine aperture from the large amplitude particles resulting from the asynchronous dump. A number of checks and measurements with beam have been worked out to verify the integrity of these elements, after a potentially harmful event, without opening the machine vacuum. Details on measurements and simulations performed to evaluate the validity of the proposed method are presented in this paper.

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THPOR055

Characterisation of the SPS Slow-extraction Parameters

extraction, simulation, controls, target

3918

F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, V. Kain, L.S. Stoel
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is the last accelerator in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector chain but its main users are the fixed-target experiments located in the North Area (NA). The beams, which are among the most intense circulating in the SPS, are extracted to the NA over several thousands of turns by exploiting a third-integer resonant extraction. The unavoidable losses intrinsic to such an extraction makes its optimisation one of the main priorities for operation, to reduce beam induced activation of the machine. The settings of the extraction systems, together with the tune sweep speed and the beam characteristics (momentum spread, emittance, etc.) are the parameters that can be controlled for spill and loss optimisation. In this paper, the contribution of these parameters to the slow-extraction spill quality are investigated through tracking simulations. The simulation model is compared with beam measurements and optimisations suggested.

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THPOY033

SIS100 Availability and Machine Protection

ion, dipole, septum, extraction

4171

C. Omet, H. Kisker, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, R.J. Steinhagen
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

For the future FAIR driver accelerator, SIS100, a detailed System-FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) according to IEC 61508 has been done. One the one hand, this has been done to identify possible shortcomings for machine protection and on the other hand to predict the machine's availabilty for beam on target. The methodology for the analysis and the main failure modes currently known for the machine and its environment are described in detail. An estimate of the total machine's availability is given.

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THPOY034

Simulations of the Beam Loss Distribution at J-PARC Main Ring

simulation, scattering, radiation, operation

4175

B. Yee-Rendón, H. Kuboki, Y. Sato, K. Satou, M.J. Shirakata, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Harada
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is integrated by a set of high intensity proton accelerators. At this operation level, the monitoring and control of the beam losses and residual radiation are priority for its safe performance and maintenance. At Main Ring (MR), a discrepancy appears between the beam loss signal detected by the monitors and the residual dose measured. To understand this difference and the mechanism that produces these losses, a beam simulation study is implemented using the Strategic Accelerator Design (SAD) and Geometry and Tracking (Geant4) code. The first stage of the survey uses SAD to obtain the location of the losses around the lattice per turn. Then, Geant4 produces the secondary showers in the elements. Finally, we make the extrapolation with the residual radiation and compare with the measurements. The description and results of this work are presented in this paper.

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THPOY039

Development of an Analysis Framework for the Beam Instrumentation Interface to the Beam Interlock System at ESS

interface, neutron, electronics, monitoring

4185

R. Andersson, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently being built in Lund, Sweden. When it is fully operational in 2025, it will host the most powerful neutron spallation facility in the world. The high-power proton beam needs to be carefully controlled and monitored in order to avoid possible damage to the sensitive equipment. Some of the most critical inputs to the beam interlock system are the beam monitors, delivered by the beam instrumentation group at ESS. In case local protection systems along the accelerator do not foresee a loss of beam, the beam monitors are the last line of defence to stop the proton beam and avoid equipment damage and consecutive downtime. It is essential for the protection of the machine that the whole beam permit signal chain, from monitors to actuators, fulfills strict reliability requirements. This paper describes the role and importance of the beam monitors to correctly measure beam losses and interface with the beam interlock system. It also describes one of several reliability studies that are performed to develop appropriate interfaces in the beam permit signal chain.

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THPOY044

Experimental Setup to Measure the Damage Limits of Superconducting Magnets due to Beam Impact at CERN's HiRadMat Facility

experiment, beam-losses, dipole, target

4200

D. Kleiven
Kleiven, David, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Auchmann, V. Raginel, R. Schmidt, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
The future upgrade of CERN's injector chain for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will lead to an increase of the beam brightness in the LHC. Beam absorbers are capturing missteered beams, but some limited beam impact on superconducting magnets can hardly be avoided. Therefore, it is planned to measure the damage limits of superconducting magnet components due to beam impact at CERN's HiRad- Mat facility using the 440 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron. Two experiments are proposed. One at ambient and one at cryogenic temperatures, where several pre-stressed stacks of LHC main dipole Nb-Ti cables and some single strands will be irradiated with varying beam intensities. The electrical integrity and the degradation of critical current will be measured after the removal from the HiRadMat facility. In the cold experiment some sample magnets will be added and the degradation of performance will be monitored online. In this contribution the experimental setup of the first experiment, including the sample container and cable stacks, is presented.

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THPOY056

Implementation of SINAP Timing System in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project

timing, hardware, extraction, synchrotron

4231

B.Q. Zhao, M. Liu, C.X. Yin, L.Y. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: The project of SINAP Timing System was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11305246).
SINAP v2 timing system was implemented in the timing system of Shanghai Proton Therapy Project. The timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is required not only to generate operation sequence for medical proton synchrotron, but also to realize irradiation flow for beam delivery system. For these purposes, the firmware of SINAP v2 timing system is redesigned to satisfy both event code sequenced broadcasting to generate operation sequence and bidirectional event code transmit to realize irradiation flow. Thanks of the hardware advantage of SINAP v2 timing system, the event receiver (EVR) could transmit event code to event generator (EVG) and then broadcast to timing network by bidirectional transmit ability. By this design, the EVR installed in treatment room has ability to send event code to timing network to stop/start beam during slow extraction. The architecture of the timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is presented in the paper. The risk analysis is also described in detail.

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FRXAA01

Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Project

ion, synchrotron, extraction, cyclotron

4243

G.B. Kim, G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, H. Yim
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, C.W. Park
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea

The Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project is to develop 430-MeV/u heavy ion accelerator and therapy systems for medical applications. The accelerator system includes ECRIS, injector linac, synchrotron, beam transport lines, and treatment systems. The accelerator system is expected to provide stable beams very reliably, and there should be special cares and strategies in the machine construction and operations. This presentation covers all issues mentioned above.

Slides FRXAA01 [10.869 MB]

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FRYAA03

Accelerator Driven Sustainable Fission Energy

target, operation, neutron, rfq

4271

W.-L. Zhan
CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China

It is the new approaches of sustainable fission energy that high power accelerator produces intensive external neutron to close fuel cycle and utilize fissile fuel ?95%. The system includes the fissile fuel burner and used fuel recycle. The burner is optimized as the nuclear waste transmutation, fissile material breeding and energy production in situ by the accelerator driven system. There are 4 phases in the Chinese development road map and the new research sites are introduced in this talk as well. The 2nd phase will be finished around 2022, with its high power LINAC (proton beam ~250MeV&10mA) providing the best opportunity to make DAR source for neutrino research. The burner, optimizing from ADS, consists of the high power LINAC, the spallation target and the subcritical core. The 25MeV LINAC prototype will be commissioned by the end of this year. The 10 MeV LINAC has produced a CW proton beam in 10's kW and has been operated with the ion source being operated more than 2000 hrs. The new concept of spallation target is granular fluid target, in which the solid grain fluid and beam implant from top to down. All these sub-systems will be described in this talk.

Slides FRYAA03 [8.741 MB]

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