IPAC2016 - List of Keywords (collimation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUPMB006	The Magnetic Measurement of Conventional Magnets for Free-Electron Laser Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics	electron, dipole, FEL, laser	1115
	Z. Zhang, F.S. Chen, Y.F. Yang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The project of free electron laser is worked together completed by CAEP(Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics）and IHEP(Institute of High Energy Physics, China). Conventional magnet of the project includes a total of three deflecting dipole magnet, an analysis of dipole magnet, and two quadrupole magnets. All of magnets to complete the measurement by IHEP Hall measuring equipment. The measurement trajectory of integral magnetic field for deflection dipole magnet is arc and arc tangent direction, using Labview software written a new measurement procedures, the Hall probe directly read absolute value of the three-axis(X, Y, Z) coordinate point (relative to the Hall probe in terms of absolute zero) measurement functions, Not only achieve the purpose of measuring the trajectory can be freely combined, but also effectively eliminate the accumulated error of Hall mobile devices. All measurement results of conventional magnets have reached the physical design requirements, and each magnet were carried out more than twice the measurement, the reproducibility of the measurement results are better than one-thousandth, fully meet the design claim of CAEP.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB006
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TUPMR047	Conceptual Design Considerations for the 50 TeV FCC Beam Dump Insertion	extraction, kicker, septum, optics	1356
	F. Burkart, M.G. Atanasov, W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, T. Kramer, A. Lechner, A. Sanz Ull, D. Schulte, L.S. Stoel CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Barna University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
	Safely extracting and absorbing the 50 TeV proton beams of the FCC-hh collider will be a major challenge. Two extended straight sections (ESS) are dedicated to beam dumping system and collimation. The beam dumping system will fast-extract the beam and transport it to an external absorber, while the collimation system will protect the superconducting accelerator components installed further downstream. The high stored beam energy of about 8.5 GJ per beam means that machine protection considerations will severely constrain the functional design of the ESS and the beam dump line geometry, in addition to dominating the performance specifications of the main sub-systems like kickers and absorber blocks. The general features, including concept choice, optics in the ESS and beam dump line, passive protection devices, layout and integration are described and discussed.
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TUPMR054	Simulation of the FCC-hh Collimation System	betatron, proton, insertion, simulation	1381
	J. Molson, P. Bambade, S. Chancé, A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France
	Funding: Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. Funding also from ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02. The proposed CERN FCC-hh proton-proton collider will operate at unprecedented per-particle (50 TeV) and total stored beam energies (8.4 GJ). These high energies create the requirement for an efficient collimation system in order to protect the accelerator components and experiments. In order to verify the performance of proposed collimation system designs, loss map simulations have been performed using the code Merlin. Results for the current baseline layout are presented for both betatron and off-momentum loss maps.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR054
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TUPMW025	Machine Protection from Fast Crab Cavity Failures in the High Luminosity LHC	cavity, proton, simulation, luminosity	1485
	A. Santamaría García, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, F. Cerutti, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Lechner, K.N. Sjobak, A. Tsinganis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Kwee-Hinzmann Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The time constant of a crab cavity (CC) failure can be faster than the reaction time of the active protection system. In such a scenario, the beams cannot be immediately extracted, making the the protection of the machine rely on the passive protection devices. At the same time, the energy stored in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams will be doubled with respect to the LHC to more than 700 MJ, which increases the risk of damaging the machine and the experiments in a failure scenario. In this study we estimate the impact that different CC failures have on the collimation system. We also give a first quantitative estimate of the effect of these failures on the elements near the experiments based on FLUKA simulations, using an updated HL-LHC baseline.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMW025
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TUPMY023	Advanced Gabor Lens Lattice for Laser Driven Hadron Therapy and Other Applications	lattice, laser, ion, cavity	1595
	J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad, P.A. Posocco Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Funding was provided by the Imperial Confidence in Concept scheme. The application of laser accelerated ion beams in hadron therapy requires a beam optics with unique features. Due to the spectral and spatial distribution of laser accelerated protons a compact ion optical system with therapy applications, based on Gabor space charge lenses for collecting, focusing and energy filtering the laser produced proton beam, has significant advantages compared with other setups. While a passive momentum selection could improve already the usability of laser driven hadron, we show that an advanced lattice utilizing additional RF cavities not only will deliver a momentum spread smaller than conventional accelerators, but also will increases the dose delivered. Furthermore, a possible near term application in the field of radio nuclide production is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMY023
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TUPOW042	Expected Gamma Spectra at ELI-NP-GBS	photon, laser, polarization, electron	1854
	I. Drebot, C. Curatolo Universita' degli Studi di Milano e INFN, Milano, Italy A. Bacci, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy A. Giribono University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy V. Petrillo Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy C. Vaccarezza, A. Variola INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	The ELI-NP-GBS is an advanced source of up to 20 MeV Gamma Rays based on Compton back-scattering. We present the investigation of the production of the ELI-NP gamma photon beam generated by Compton back-scattering between the electron bunch accelerated in the linac and the laser pulse. At the interaction point (IP), the Compton backscattering properties, as spectral flux, brilliance and polarization are evaluated by the Klein-Nishina cross section. The gamma beam produced has energy ranging from 0.2 to 19.5 MeV and bandwidth of 0.5%. In order to define the optimal layout and evaluate the performances of the collimation and detection systems, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation activity has been carried out taking into account possible jitters and errors.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOW042
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WEPMW006	First Design of a Proton Collimation System for 50 TeV FCC-hh	insertion, betatron, collider, proton	2423
	M. Fiascaris, R. Bruce, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	We present studies aimed at defining a first conceptual solution for a collimation system for the hadron-hadron option for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh). The baseline collimation layout is based on the scaling of the present LHC collimation system to the FCC-hh energy. It currently includes a dedicated betatron cleaning insertion as well as collimators in the experimental insertions to protect the inner triplets. An aperture model for the FCC-hh is defined and the geometrical acceptance is calculated at top energy taking into account mechanical and optics imperfections. Based on these studies the collimator settings needed to protect the machine are defined. The performance of the collimation system is then assessed with particle tracking simulation tools assuming a perfect machine.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW006
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WEPMW007	Validation of Off-momentum Cleaning Performance of the LHC Collimation System	proton, beam-losses, injection, alignment	2427
	B. Salvachua, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, H. Garcia, P.D. Hermes, S. Jackson, M. Jaussi, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, H. Timko, G. Valentino, A. Valloni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Kwee-Hinzmann Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	The LHC collimation system is designed to provide effective cleaning against losses coming from off-momentum particles, either due to un-captured beam or to an unexpected RF frequency change. For this reason the LHC is equipped with a hierarchy of collimators in IR3: primary, secondary and absorber collimators. After every collimator alignment or change of machine configuration the off-momentum cleaning efficiency is validated with loss maps at low intensity. We describe here the improved technique used in 2015 to generate such loss maps without completely dumping the beam into the collimators. The achieved performance of the collimation system for momentum cleaning is reviewed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW007
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WEPMW028	First Attempts at using Active Halo Control at the LHC	emittance, simulation, controls, electron	2486
	J.F. Wagner Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R. Bruce, H. Garcia Morales, W. Höfle, G. Kotzian, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Langner, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, R. Tomás, G. Valentino, D. Valuch, J.F. Wagner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Stancari Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project. The beam halo population is a non-negligible factor for the performance of the LHC collimation system and the machine protection. In particular this could become crucial for aiming at stored beam energies of 700 MJ in the High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project, in order to avoid beam dumps caused by orbit jitter and to ensure safety during a crab cavity failure. Therefore several techniques to safely deplete the halo, i.e. active halo control, are under development. In a first attempt a novel way for safe halo depletion was tested with particle narrow-band excitation employing the LHC Transverse Damper (ADT). At an energy of 450 GeV a bunch selective beam tail scraping without affecting the core distribution was attempted. This paper presents the first measurement results, as well as a simple simulation to model the underlying dynamics.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW028
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WEPMW029	Simulation of Heavy-Ion Beam Losses with the SixTrack-FLUKA Active Coupling	ion, heavy-ion, simulation, coupling	2490
	P.D. Hermes, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, J.M. Jowett, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, G. Valentino, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work suppported by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German BMBF The LHC heavy-ion program aims to further increase the stored ion beam energy, putting high demands on the LHC collimation system. Accurate simulations of the ion collimation efficiency are crucial to validate the feasibility of new proposed configurations and beam parameters. In this paper we present a generalized framework of the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling to simulate the fragmentation of heavy-ions in the collimators and their motion in the LHC lattice. We compare heavy-ion loss maps simulated on the basis of this framework with the loss distributions measured during heavy-ion operation in 2011 and 2015.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW029
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WEPMW030	Cleaning Performance of the Collimation System of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider	ion, insertion, luminosity, simulation	2494
	D. Mirarchi, A. Bertarelli, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom H. Garcia Morales, R. Kwee-Hinzmann Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Different upgrades of the LHC will be carried out in the framework of the High Luminosity project (HL-LHC), where the total stored energy in the machine will increase up to about 700 MJ. This unprecedented stored energy poses serious challenges for the collimation system, which was designed to handle safely up to about 360 MJ. In this paper the baseline collimation layout for HL-LHC is described, with main focus on upgrades related to the cleaning of halo and physics debris, and its expected performance is discussed. The main upgrade items include the presence of new collimators in the dispersion suppressor of the betatron cleaning insertion installed between two 11 T dipoles, and two additional collimators for an improved local protection of triplet magnets. Thus, optimized settings for the entire and upgraded collimation chain were conceived and are shown here together with the resulting cleaning performance. Moreover, the cleaning performance taking into account crab cavities it is also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW030
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WEPMW031	Towards Optimum Material Choices for the HL-LHC Collimator Upgrade	impedance, beam-losses, luminosity, simulation	2498
	E. Quaranta, A. Bertarelli, N. Biancacci, R. Bruce, F. Carra, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvant CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Carra Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
	The first years of operation at the LHC showed that collimator material-related concerns might limit the performance. In addition, the HL-LHC upgrade will bring the accelerator beyond the nominal performance through more intense and brighter proton beams. A new generation of collimators based on advanced materials is needed to match present and new requirements. After several years of R&D on collimator materials, studying the behaviour of novel composites with properties that address different limitations of the present collimation system, solutions have been found to fulfil various upgrade challenges. This paper describes the proposed staged approach to deploy new materials in the upgraded HL-LHC collimation system. Beam tests at the CERN HiRadMat facility were also performed to benchmark simulation methods and constitutive material models.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW031
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WEPMW033	Validation of Simulation Tools for Fast Beam Failure Studies in the LHC	simulation, optics, proton, beam-losses	2506
	E. Quaranta, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC collimation system protects passively the most sensitive machine equipment against beam losses. In particular, collimators are the last line of defense in case of single-turn failures that cannot be caught by the standard interlock system. The collimator settings are conceived to protect the machine even for very rare events, like beam abort failures with a full machine. Collimator settings are established in simulations through a dedicated tracking setup but also empirically validated by beam measurements at low intensities. A benchmark of simulations is essential for reliably estimating the response of the system for future machine configurations and beam parameters. In the paper, results are presented of tracking simulations for different optics deployed in the LHC Run II at 6.5 TeV and compared with data.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW033
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WEPMW034	First Operational Experience with Embedded Collimator BPMs in the LHC	alignment, embedded, pick-up, interlocks	2510
	G. Valentino, G. Baud, R. Bruce, M. Gąsior, J. Olexa, S. Redaelli, A. Valloni, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During Long Shutdown 1, 18 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimators were replaced with a new design, in which beam position monitor (BPM) pick-up buttons are embedded in the collimator jaws. The BPMs provide a direct measurement of the beam orbit at the collimators, and therefore can be used to align the collimators more quickly than using the standard technique which relies on feedback from beam losses. Online orbit measurements also mean that margins in the collimation hierarchy placed specifically to cater for unknown orbit drifts can be reduced, therefore increasing the beta-star and luminosity reach of the LHC. In this paper, the first operational results are presented, including a comparison with the standard alignment technique and a fill-to-fill analysis of the measured orbit in different machine modes in the first year of running after the shutdown.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW034
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WEPMW036	MERLIN Cleaning Studies with Advanced Collimator Materials for HL-LHC	scattering, simulation, proton, hadron	2514
	A. Valloni, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom J. Molson LAL, Orsay, France H. Rafique University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The challenges of the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider require improving the beam collimation system. An intense R&D program has started at CERN to explore novel materials for new collimator jaws to improve robustness and reduce impedance. Particle tracking simulations of collimation efficiency are performed using the code MERLIN which has been extended to include new materials based on composites. After presenting two different implementations of composite materials tested in MERLIN, we present simulation studies with the aim of studying the effect of the advanced collimators on the LHC beam cleaning.
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WEPMW037	MERLIN Simulations of the LHC Collimation System with 6.5 TeV Beams	simulation, proton, scattering, betatron	2518
	A. Valloni Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Molson LAL, Orsay, France H. Rafique University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The accelerator physics code MERLIN has been extended in many areas to make detailed studies of the LHC collima- tion system and calculate loss maps from beam halo losses. Large scale tracking simulations have been produced for the 2015 run configuration at 6.5 TeV. We present results of cleaning inefficiency simulations of the LHC's multi-stage collimation system along with a detailed comparison be- tween MERLIN, SixTrack, and measured beam losses.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMW037
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WEPOY047	LHC Collimation and Energy Deposition Studies Using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM)	simulation, optics, proton, beam-losses	3101
	L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bruce, H. Garcia, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a program that uses a suite of high energy physics software including Geant4, CLHEP & ROOT, that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors utilising the full range of particles and physics processes from Geant4. A comparison of the collimator cleaning efficiency and energy deposition throughout the full length of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the established SixTrack simulations of the CERN collimation group is presented. The propagation of the full hadronic showers from collimators provides unparalleled detail in energy deposition maps and these are compared with the data from beam loss monitors that measure radiation outside the magnet body.
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THPMR018	Ion-Optics of Antiproton Separator at FAIR	antiproton, sextupole, proton, target	3431
	S.A. Litvinov, A. Dolinskyy, K. Knie GSI, Darmstadt, Germany I. Koop, P.Yu. Shatunov, I.M. Zemlyansky BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	In the framework of antiproton program at FAIR project, the large acceptance antiproton separator is dedicated for the effective separation of the secondary antiprotons from the primary protons and the secondary beams of other particle species and subsequent transportation to the Collector Ring (CR). Here we present the latest ion-optical layout of the antiproton separator and possible second-order correction scheme as well.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMR018
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THPMY043	Collimation System Design for LCLS-II	undulator, linac, gun, electron	3755
	M.W. Guetg, P. Emma, M. Santana-Leitner, J.J. Welch, F. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: DOE contract \#DE-AC02-76SF00515 The planned LCLS-II FEL has an average beam power of up to 1.2 MW and a repetition rate of up to 1 MHz, both of which entail serious challenges for beam halo collimation. This paper summarizes the efforts to assess the proposed collimation system. The undulator section is specifically focused on due to its high loss sensitivity (maximal 12 mW). This proceedings concentrate on field emissions of the gun. Different dark current distribution, linac configurations and simulation programs were used to increase assurance of the results. Filled phase-space tracking further supplemented an independent prove of the collimation system effectiveness and expands to include beam-halo originating from different sources than the gun.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMY043
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THPOR030	Commissioning and First Performance Studies of a Single Vertical Beam Halo Collimation System at ATF2	background, photon, simulation, wakefield	3844
	N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia, Spain P. Bambade, A. Faus-Golfe, S. Wallon, R.J. Yang LAL, Orsay, France K. Kubo, T. Okugi, T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma KEK, Ibaraki, Japan I. Podadera, F. Toral CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	A single vertical beam halo collimation system has been installed in the ATF2 beamline to reduce the background that could limit the precision of the diagnostics located in the post-IP beamline. On this paper the commissioning and first performance studies of a single vertical beam halo collimation system are reported. Furthermore realistic efficiency studies have been done using the simulation code BDSIM and compared with the first experimental tests.
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FRXBA01	Beam Halo Characterization and Mitigation	emittance, linac, operation, simulation	4248
	A.V. Aleksandrov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Beam halo is a serious issue in many machines, such as high intensity linacs and synchrotrons. This presentation reviews recent advances in halo characterization techniques, as well as methods to mitigate beam halo, such as collimation with associated handling of created secondary particles.
	Slides FRXBA01 [17.743 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-FRXBA01
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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The Magnetic Measurement of Conventional Magnets for Free-Electron Laser Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics

electron, dipole, FEL, laser

1115

Z. Zhang, F.S. Chen, Y.F. Yang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The project of free electron laser is worked together completed by CAEP(Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics）and IHEP(Institute of High Energy Physics, China). Conventional magnet of the project includes a total of three deflecting dipole magnet, an analysis of dipole magnet, and two quadrupole magnets. All of magnets to complete the measurement by IHEP Hall measuring equipment. The measurement trajectory of integral magnetic field for deflection dipole magnet is arc and arc tangent direction, using Labview software written a new measurement procedures, the Hall probe directly read absolute value of the three-axis(X, Y, Z) coordinate point (relative to the Hall probe in terms of absolute zero) measurement functions, Not only achieve the purpose of measuring the trajectory can be freely combined, but also effectively eliminate the accumulated error of Hall mobile devices. All measurement results of conventional magnets have reached the physical design requirements, and each magnet were carried out more than twice the measurement, the reproducibility of the measurement results are better than one-thousandth, fully meet the design claim of CAEP.

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TUPMR047

Conceptual Design Considerations for the 50 TeV FCC Beam Dump Insertion

extraction, kicker, septum, optics

1356

F. Burkart, M.G. Atanasov, W. Bartmann, B. Goddard, T. Kramer, A. Lechner, A. Sanz Ull, D. Schulte, L.S. Stoel
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Barna
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Safely extracting and absorbing the 50 TeV proton beams of the FCC-hh collider will be a major challenge. Two extended straight sections (ESS) are dedicated to beam dumping system and collimation. The beam dumping system will fast-extract the beam and transport it to an external absorber, while the collimation system will protect the superconducting accelerator components installed further downstream. The high stored beam energy of about 8.5 GJ per beam means that machine protection considerations will severely constrain the functional design of the ESS and the beam dump line geometry, in addition to dominating the performance specifications of the main sub-systems like kickers and absorber blocks. The general features, including concept choice, optics in the ESS and beam dump line, passive protection devices, layout and integration are described and discussed.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR047

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TUPMR054

Simulation of the FCC-hh Collimation System

betatron, proton, insertion, simulation

1381

J. Molson, P. Bambade, S. Chancé, A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. Funding also from ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02.
The proposed CERN FCC-hh proton-proton collider will operate at unprecedented per-particle (50 TeV) and total stored beam energies (8.4 GJ). These high energies create the requirement for an efficient collimation system in order to protect the accelerator components and experiments. In order to verify the performance of proposed collimation system designs, loss map simulations have been performed using the code Merlin. Results for the current baseline layout are presented for both betatron and off-momentum loss maps.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR054

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TUPMW025

Machine Protection from Fast Crab Cavity Failures in the High Luminosity LHC

cavity, proton, simulation, luminosity

1485

A. Santamaría García, R. Bruce, H. Burkhardt, F. Cerutti, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Lechner, K.N. Sjobak, A. Tsinganis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

The time constant of a crab cavity (CC) failure can be faster than the reaction time of the active protection system. In such a scenario, the beams cannot be immediately extracted, making the the protection of the machine rely on the passive protection devices. At the same time, the energy stored in the High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams will be doubled with respect to the LHC to more than 700 MJ, which increases the risk of damaging the machine and the experiments in a failure scenario. In this study we estimate the impact that different CC failures have on the collimation system. We also give a first quantitative estimate of the effect of these failures on the elements near the experiments based on FLUKA simulations, using an updated HL-LHC baseline.

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TUPMY023

Advanced Gabor Lens Lattice for Laser Driven Hadron Therapy and Other Applications

lattice, laser, ion, cavity

1595

J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad, P.A. Posocco
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Funding was provided by the Imperial Confidence in Concept scheme.
The application of laser accelerated ion beams in hadron therapy requires a beam optics with unique features. Due to the spectral and spatial distribution of laser accelerated protons a compact ion optical system with therapy applications, based on Gabor space charge lenses for collecting, focusing and energy filtering the laser produced proton beam, has significant advantages compared with other setups. While a passive momentum selection could improve already the usability of laser driven hadron, we show that an advanced lattice utilizing additional RF cavities not only will deliver a momentum spread smaller than conventional accelerators, but also will increases the dose delivered. Furthermore, a possible near term application in the field of radio nuclide production is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMY023

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TUPOW042

Expected Gamma Spectra at ELI-NP-GBS

photon, laser, polarization, electron

1854

I. Drebot, C. Curatolo
Universita' degli Studi di Milano e INFN, Milano, Italy
A. Bacci, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
A. Giribono
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
V. Petrillo
Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
C. Vaccarezza, A. Variola
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The ELI-NP-GBS is an advanced source of up to 20 MeV Gamma Rays based on Compton back-scattering. We present the investigation of the production of the ELI-NP gamma photon beam generated by Compton back-scattering between the electron bunch accelerated in the linac and the laser pulse. At the interaction point (IP), the Compton backscattering properties, as spectral flux, brilliance and polarization are evaluated by the Klein-Nishina cross section. The gamma beam produced has energy ranging from 0.2 to 19.5 MeV and bandwidth of 0.5%. In order to define the optimal layout and evaluate the performances of the collimation and detection systems, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation activity has been carried out taking into account possible jitters and errors.

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WEPMW006

First Design of a Proton Collimation System for 50 TeV FCC-hh

insertion, betatron, collider, proton

2423

M. Fiascaris, R. Bruce, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

We present studies aimed at defining a first conceptual solution for a collimation system for the hadron-hadron option for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh). The baseline collimation layout is based on the scaling of the present LHC collimation system to the FCC-hh energy. It currently includes a dedicated betatron cleaning insertion as well as collimators in the experimental insertions to protect the inner triplets. An aperture model for the FCC-hh is defined and the geometrical acceptance is calculated at top energy taking into account mechanical and optics imperfections. Based on these studies the collimator settings needed to protect the machine are defined. The performance of the collimation system is then assessed with particle tracking simulation tools assuming a perfect machine.

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WEPMW007

Validation of Off-momentum Cleaning Performance of the LHC Collimation System

proton, beam-losses, injection, alignment

2427

B. Salvachua, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, H. Garcia, P.D. Hermes, S. Jackson, M. Jaussi, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, H. Timko, G. Valentino, A. Valloni
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

The LHC collimation system is designed to provide effective cleaning against losses coming from off-momentum particles, either due to un-captured beam or to an unexpected RF frequency change. For this reason the LHC is equipped with a hierarchy of collimators in IR3: primary, secondary and absorber collimators. After every collimator alignment or change of machine configuration the off-momentum cleaning efficiency is validated with loss maps at low intensity. We describe here the improved technique used in 2015 to generate such loss maps without completely dumping the beam into the collimators. The achieved performance of the collimation system for momentum cleaning is reviewed.

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WEPMW028

First Attempts at using Active Halo Control at the LHC

emittance, simulation, controls, electron

2486

J.F. Wagner
Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R. Bruce, H. Garcia Morales, W. Höfle, G. Kotzian, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, A. Langner, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, R. Tomás, G. Valentino, D. Valuch, J.F. Wagner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Stancari
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project.
The beam halo population is a non-negligible factor for the performance of the LHC collimation system and the machine protection. In particular this could become crucial for aiming at stored beam energies of 700 MJ in the High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project, in order to avoid beam dumps caused by orbit jitter and to ensure safety during a crab cavity failure. Therefore several techniques to safely deplete the halo, i.e. active halo control, are under development. In a first attempt a novel way for safe halo depletion was tested with particle narrow-band excitation employing the LHC Transverse Damper (ADT). At an energy of 450 GeV a bunch selective beam tail scraping without affecting the core distribution was attempted. This paper presents the first measurement results, as well as a simple simulation to model the underlying dynamics.

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WEPMW029

Simulation of Heavy-Ion Beam Losses with the SixTrack-FLUKA Active Coupling

ion, heavy-ion, simulation, coupling

2490

P.D. Hermes, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, J.M. Jowett, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, G. Valentino, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work suppported by the Wolfgang Gentner Programme of the German BMBF
The LHC heavy-ion program aims to further increase the stored ion beam energy, putting high demands on the LHC collimation system. Accurate simulations of the ion collimation efficiency are crucial to validate the feasibility of new proposed configurations and beam parameters. In this paper we present a generalized framework of the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling to simulate the fragmentation of heavy-ions in the collimators and their motion in the LHC lattice. We compare heavy-ion loss maps simulated on the basis of this framework with the loss distributions measured during heavy-ion operation in 2011 and 2015.

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WEPMW030

Cleaning Performance of the Collimation System of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

ion, insertion, luminosity, simulation

2494

D. Mirarchi, A. Bertarelli, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
H. Garcia Morales, R. Kwee-Hinzmann
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

Different upgrades of the LHC will be carried out in the framework of the High Luminosity project (HL-LHC), where the total stored energy in the machine will increase up to about 700 MJ. This unprecedented stored energy poses serious challenges for the collimation system, which was designed to handle safely up to about 360 MJ. In this paper the baseline collimation layout for HL-LHC is described, with main focus on upgrades related to the cleaning of halo and physics debris, and its expected performance is discussed. The main upgrade items include the presence of new collimators in the dispersion suppressor of the betatron cleaning insertion installed between two 11 T dipoles, and two additional collimators for an improved local protection of triplet magnets. Thus, optimized settings for the entire and upgraded collimation chain were conceived and are shown here together with the resulting cleaning performance. Moreover, the cleaning performance taking into account crab cavities it is also discussed.

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WEPMW031

Towards Optimum Material Choices for the HL-LHC Collimator Upgrade

impedance, beam-losses, luminosity, simulation

2498

E. Quaranta, A. Bertarelli, N. Biancacci, R. Bruce, F. Carra, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvant
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Carra
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

The first years of operation at the LHC showed that collimator material-related concerns might limit the performance. In addition, the HL-LHC upgrade will bring the accelerator beyond the nominal performance through more intense and brighter proton beams. A new generation of collimators based on advanced materials is needed to match present and new requirements. After several years of R&D on collimator materials, studying the behaviour of novel composites with properties that address different limitations of the present collimation system, solutions have been found to fulfil various upgrade challenges. This paper describes the proposed staged approach to deploy new materials in the upgraded HL-LHC collimation system. Beam tests at the CERN HiRadMat facility were also performed to benchmark simulation methods and constitutive material models.

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WEPMW033

Validation of Simulation Tools for Fast Beam Failure Studies in the LHC

simulation, optics, proton, beam-losses

2506

E. Quaranta, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC collimation system protects passively the most sensitive machine equipment against beam losses. In particular, collimators are the last line of defense in case of single-turn failures that cannot be caught by the standard interlock system. The collimator settings are conceived to protect the machine even for very rare events, like beam abort failures with a full machine. Collimator settings are established in simulations through a dedicated tracking setup but also empirically validated by beam measurements at low intensities. A benchmark of simulations is essential for reliably estimating the response of the system for future machine configurations and beam parameters. In the paper, results are presented of tracking simulations for different optics deployed in the LHC Run II at 6.5 TeV and compared with data.

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WEPMW034

First Operational Experience with Embedded Collimator BPMs in the LHC

alignment, embedded, pick-up, interlocks

2510

G. Valentino, G. Baud, R. Bruce, M. Gąsior, J. Olexa, S. Redaelli, A. Valloni, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During Long Shutdown 1, 18 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimators were replaced with a new design, in which beam position monitor (BPM) pick-up buttons are embedded in the collimator jaws. The BPMs provide a direct measurement of the beam orbit at the collimators, and therefore can be used to align the collimators more quickly than using the standard technique which relies on feedback from beam losses. Online orbit measurements also mean that margins in the collimation hierarchy placed specifically to cater for unknown orbit drifts can be reduced, therefore increasing the beta-star and luminosity reach of the LHC. In this paper, the first operational results are presented, including a comparison with the standard alignment technique and a fill-to-fill analysis of the measured orbit in different machine modes in the first year of running after the shutdown.

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WEPMW036

MERLIN Cleaning Studies with Advanced Collimator Materials for HL-LHC

scattering, simulation, proton, hadron

2514

A. Valloni, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France
H. Rafique
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The challenges of the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider require improving the beam collimation system. An intense R&D program has started at CERN to explore novel materials for new collimator jaws to improve robustness and reduce impedance. Particle tracking simulations of collimation efficiency are performed using the code MERLIN which has been extended to include new materials based on composites. After presenting two different implementations of composite materials tested in MERLIN, we present simulation studies with the aim of studying the effect of the advanced collimators on the LHC beam cleaning.

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WEPMW037

MERLIN Simulations of the LHC Collimation System with 6.5 TeV Beams

simulation, proton, scattering, betatron

2518

A. Valloni
Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France
H. Rafique
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The accelerator physics code MERLIN has been extended in many areas to make detailed studies of the LHC collima- tion system and calculate loss maps from beam halo losses. Large scale tracking simulations have been produced for the 2015 run configuration at 6.5 TeV. We present results of cleaning inefficiency simulations of the LHC's multi-stage collimation system along with a detailed comparison be- tween MERLIN, SixTrack, and measured beam losses.

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WEPOY047

LHC Collimation and Energy Deposition Studies Using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM)

simulation, optics, proton, beam-losses

3101

L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, H. Garcia, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a program that uses a suite of high energy physics software including Geant4, CLHEP & ROOT, that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors utilising the full range of particles and physics processes from Geant4. A comparison of the collimator cleaning efficiency and energy deposition throughout the full length of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the established SixTrack simulations of the CERN collimation group is presented. The propagation of the full hadronic showers from collimators provides unparalleled detail in energy deposition maps and these are compared with the data from beam loss monitors that measure radiation outside the magnet body.

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THPMR018

Ion-Optics of Antiproton Separator at FAIR

antiproton, sextupole, proton, target

3431

S.A. Litvinov, A. Dolinskyy, K. Knie
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
I. Koop, P.Yu. Shatunov, I.M. Zemlyansky
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

In the framework of antiproton program at FAIR project, the large acceptance antiproton separator is dedicated for the effective separation of the secondary antiprotons from the primary protons and the secondary beams of other particle species and subsequent transportation to the Collector Ring (CR). Here we present the latest ion-optical layout of the antiproton separator and possible second-order correction scheme as well.

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THPMY043

Collimation System Design for LCLS-II

undulator, linac, gun, electron

3755

M.W. Guetg, P. Emma, M. Santana-Leitner, J.J. Welch, F. Zhou
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: DOE contract \#DE-AC02-76SF00515
The planned LCLS-II FEL has an average beam power of up to 1.2 MW and a repetition rate of up to 1 MHz, both of which entail serious challenges for beam halo collimation. This paper summarizes the efforts to assess the proposed collimation system. The undulator section is specifically focused on due to its high loss sensitivity (maximal 12 mW). This proceedings concentrate on field emissions of the gun. Different dark current distribution, linac configurations and simulation programs were used to increase assurance of the results. Filled phase-space tracking further supplemented an independent prove of the collimation system effectiveness and expands to include beam-halo originating from different sources than the gun.

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THPOR030

Commissioning and First Performance Studies of a Single Vertical Beam Halo Collimation System at ATF2

background, photon, simulation, wakefield

3844

N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Faus-Golfe
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
P. Bambade, A. Faus-Golfe, S. Wallon, R.J. Yang
LAL, Orsay, France
K. Kubo, T. Okugi, T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
I. Podadera, F. Toral
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

A single vertical beam halo collimation system has been installed in the ATF2 beamline to reduce the background that could limit the precision of the diagnostics located in the post-IP beamline. On this paper the commissioning and first performance studies of a single vertical beam halo collimation system are reported. Furthermore realistic efficiency studies have been done using the simulation code BDSIM and compared with the first experimental tests.

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FRXBA01

Beam Halo Characterization and Mitigation

emittance, linac, operation, simulation

4248

A.V. Aleksandrov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Beam halo is a serious issue in many machines, such as high intensity linacs and synchrotrons. This presentation reviews recent advances in halo characterization techniques, as well as methods to mitigate beam halo, such as collimation with associated handling of created secondary particles.

Slides FRXBA01 [17.743 MB]

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