IPAC2016 - List of Keywords (cyclotron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPMB020	Transverse Intensity Distribution Measurement of Ion Beams Using Gafchromic Films	ion, radiation, octupole, tandem-accelerator	130
	Y. Yuri, T. Agematsu, T. Ishizaka, K. Narumi, S. Okumura, H. Seito, T. Yuyama JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	A possible method of measuring the transverse spatial distribution of energetic ion beams is developed at Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly, Japan Atomic Energy Agency). For this purpose, a radiochromic film, Gafchromic film (Ashland Inc.), is employed since it enables us to easily measure a large-area irradiation field distribution at a high spatial resolution. Gafchromic EBT3 and HD-V2 films are irradiated with ion beams of various species and kinetic energies extracted from a cyclotron and electrostatic accelerators at QST/Takasaki. Then, the coloration response of the films is analyzed in terms of the optical density. It is demonstrated that EBT3 and HD-V2 films are useful for the beam profile measurement at low fluence and at low energy, respectively.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB020
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MOPMR008	Development of Beam Position Monitor for a Heavy-ion Linac of KHIMA	proton, ion, synchrotron, beam-transport	238
	J.G. Hwang KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534). The carbon and proton beams are produced by the electron cyclotron resonance ion source with the energy of 8 keV/u and it is accelerated up to 7 MeV/u by the RFQ and IH-DTL. The accelerated beam is injected on the synchrotron through the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). In the MEBT line of KHIMA, the stripline beam position monitor (BPM) is installed to measure the beam trajectory and orbit jitter before the beam injection at the synchrotron. It is also used to measure the phase information such as a bunch length for the de-buncher tuning in MEBT line. The BPM has the position resolution of 100 um with the diameter of 40 mm. The design study is performed and it is fabricated. In order to confirm the performance of the beam position monitor, the measurement of position accuracy and calibration by using wire test-bench, and the beam test with proton beam from MC-50 in KIRAMS are performed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR008
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MOPMR010	The Development of Scintillating Screen Detector for Beam Monitoring at the KHIMA Project	proton, ion, experiment, heavy-ion	244
	S.Y. Noh, S.D. Chang, J.G. Hwang KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea G. Hahn, T.K. Yang KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Funding: NRF-2014M2C3A1029534 It is important to measure the beam propeties such as position, size and intensity, when we control the medical beam qualities, So we developed the scintillation screen monitor used for beam profile monitoring and it will be installed at High Energy Beam Transport(HEBT) section to measure the beam parameters. This system consists of a terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide(Gd2O2S:Tb) phosphor screen and high speed charge coupled device camera. The CCD camera has the maximum 90 frame rate and 659 X 494 pixel resolution. This Camera is mounted at distance of 260mm from the center of the scintillation screen and with the angle of 45 degree to the scintillation screen which is mounted at the angle of 45 degree to the beam axis. The image analysis program was written in National Instruments LabVIEW using IMAQ driver. To reduce the image processing time, we optimized the prcessing flow and used LabVIEW built-in function. To evaluate this system, we measured the beam size and center position of the beam at KIRAMS on 50MeV cyclotron. In this paper, we present the manufacture of beam profile system based on a scintillating screen monitor and the in-beam test results of it.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR010
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MOPMR048	Emittance Measurements and Operation Optimization for ECR Ion Sources	ion, emittance, ion-source, ECR	361
	V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, V. Tzoganis RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: RIKEN IPA scheme and Cockcroft Institute Core Grant Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources supply a broad range of ions for post acceleration in cyclotrons. Here, an effort to improve the beam transfer from RIKEN's 18 GHz ECR ion source to the Low Energy Beam Transfer (LEBT) line and an optimization of the performance of the ion source is presented. Simulation studies have shown that less than 20% of the beam is currently transferred. The first goal is to measure the transverse beam emittance in real time. The emittance monitor designed and fabricated for this purpose utilizes a pepper pot plate followed by a transparent scintillator and a CMOS camera for image capture. The second goal is to find the optimal operating point of the ion source by sweeping parameters such as RF power, vacuum pressure, extraction electrode position and voltage. To this extent, modifications of the ion source took place, as well as a measurement of the magnetic field inside the ion source. In this contribution the results of the emittance and other operating parameters measurements, as well as the design details of the emittance monitor are presented
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR048
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TUPMB035	Developments of HTS Magnets towards Application to Accelerators	operation, dipole, neutron, target	1180
	K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita RCNP, Osaka, Japan
	We have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and the cooling structure becomes simpler. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. After successful performance tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB035
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TUPMR011	Development of Optimized RF Cavity in 10 MeV Cyclotron	network, cavity, simulation, resonance	1250
	M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, M. Salehi AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Cyclotron cavity modelled by an artificial neural net-work, which is trained by our optimized algorithm. The training samples are obtained from simulation results, which are done by MWS CST software for some defined situation and parameters, and also with the conventional BP algorithm. It is shown that the optimized FFN can estimate the cyclotron model parameters with acceptable outputs. Hence, the neural network trained by this algorithm represents the proper estimation and acceptable ability to our structure modelling. The cyclotron cavity parameter modelling illustrate that the neural network trained by this algorithm could be the acceptable method to design parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR011
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TUPMR012	Investigation of Central Region Design of 10MeV AVF Cyclotron	ion, ion-source, acceleration, injection	1253
	M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, R. Solhju AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Recently, studies on the central region of 10 MeV AVF Cyclotron have been done at AmirKabir University of Technology. In this study, the aim of the cyclotron design is to accelerate the ions up to 10MeV energy. The cyclotron, consist of four sector magnets and 2 RF cavities which will be operated at 71 MHz. The internal PIG ion source is used in this cyclotron. The purpose of this work is to investigate the behavior of trajectories of ions in the magnetic and electric fields at the center of the cyclotron. The electric and magnetic field distribution was designed by OPERA-3DTOSCA. In order to solve the equation of motion, numerical code was written in C++ program that used the conventional Rung-Kutta method. The obtained results of simulation were the horizontal and vertical motion of an ion in the center of cyclotron, and motion of the center of the orbits.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR012
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TUPMR013	Heat Transfer Study of PIG Ion Source for 10 MeV Cyclotron	ion, cathode, ion-source, electron	1256
	F. Zakerhosseini, H. Afarideh, S. Sabounchi AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	A PIG Ion source provides H-ions for the 10 MeV cyclotron, which is designed and being manufactured by Amirkabir university of technology. Plasma created in the anode contains the desired ions. Discharge for producing plasma consists of the both ion current from plasma towards the cathode and the secondary electron current from the cathode to the plasma. Secondary electron emission is the result of ion collision on the surface of the cathode. Heat generated by these collisions is considerably high, so a cooling system for ion source is crucial. In this paper heat transfer study of the ion source, temperature distribution and deformation of different parts simulated using ANSYS CFX. Also the thermionic emission of the electrons from cathode in the calculated temperatures by ANSYS simulated Using CST STUDIO. Results showed the maximum temperature of the cathodes is 1992 K, which is far away from the cathode melting point. The thermionic current in 1992 K of cathode simulated and the results showed an electron current of 0.00706 A at 500 V which is negligible in comparison to the discharge current of 1 A. Maximum deformation were about 0.2 mm in cathode edges.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR013
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TUPMR015	Cooling and Heat Transfer of the IRANCYC-10 Transmission Line	impedance, simulation, factory, cavity	1259
	S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, M. Mohamadian, M. Salehi AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	Heat transfer study for designing RF transmission line in cyclotrons is crucial. Because of enormous amount of surface current on RF transmission line, despite high conductivity of copper, significant amount of heat is being generated, which is enough for altering characteristic impedance and other desirable parameters for transmission line. So, effective cooling system which is nourished by central chiller system is essential. For design of cooling system in RF transmission line suitable mass flow, appropriate geometry and confined temperatures are prominent in order to avoid eroding and impedance changing. In this paper an attempt has been done for accurate analyzing and simulating of heat transfer phenomenon for the 10MeV cyclotron (IRANCYC-10 ) which is under construction at AmirKabir University of Technology. By using Ansys CFX simulation software, the optimum cooling line geometry and mass flow rate of 90 gr/s for cooling water, has been resulted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR015
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TUPMR016	Research and Development of a Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy	proton, cavity, simulation, extraction	1262
	G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei (China) and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia), the development of a superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is started. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for further research and development of cancer therapy by protons. Now we present main parameters of cyclotron and simulation results of magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR016
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TUPMR017	Computer Modeling of Magnet for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron	extraction, proton, simulation, focusing	1265
	N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Song, J. Zheng ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
	The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 mkA. By computer simulation with 3D codes the cyclotron magnet principal parameters were estimated (pole radius 0.62 m, outer diameter 2.2 m, valley depth 0.3 m, height 1.22 m, weight ~30 t). The required isochronous magnetic field is shaped with accuracy some mT. Four fold symmetry and spiralized sectors with minimal gap 4 mm at extraction provide the stable beam acceleration till 10 mm from the pole edge.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR017
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TUPMR018	Beam Tracking Simulation for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron	simulation, extraction, acceleration, resonance	1268
	O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The SC200 superconducting cyclotron for hadron therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The accelerator will provide 200 MeV proton beam with maximum current of 1μA in 2017-2018. The cyclotron is very compact and light, the estimate total weight is about 30 tons and extraction radius is 60 cm. We have performed simulations of all systems of the SC200 cyclotron and specified the main parameters of the accelerator. Average magnetic field of the cyclotron is up to 3.5 T and the particle revolution frequency is about 45 MHz, these parameters increases the requirements for accuracy of the beam dynamics studies. We have designed and performed beam tracking starting from the ion source. Codes and methods used for the beam tracking are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR018
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TUPMR019	Measurements of the Beam Phase Response to Correcting Magnetic Fields in PSI Cyclotrons	simulation, diagnostics, proton, operation	1271
	A.S. Parfenova, C. Baumgarten, J.M. Humbel, A.C. Mezger PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland A.V. Petrenko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The cyclotron-based proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at PSI is presently operated at 1.3-1.4 MW beam power at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV/u to drive the neutron spallation source SINQ and for production of pion and muon beams. Over the years HIPA facility has developed towards increase of the delivered beam current and beam power (0.1 mA in 1974 till 2.2 mA in 2010). During the last few years several upgrades of the Ring cyclotron field correction and beam phase monitoring systems were made. RF voltage was also increased. In order to test the performance of the upgraded system the phase response measurements were carried out.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR019
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TUPMR022	Present Status and Future Plan of RIKEN RI Beam Factory	ion, acceleration, heavy-ion, ion-source	1281
	O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Recent efforts concerning the accelerators of the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) have been directed towards achieving higher heavy-ion beam intensities. As shown at the IPAC2014 conference, the intensities of these ion beams have improved significantly following the construction of the new injector, RILAC2, which is equipped with a 28-GHz superconducting ECR ion source, development of the helium gas stripper, and upgrading of the bending power of the fRC. In this respect, this paper presents the subsequent upgrade programs conducted in the past two years, such as the development of a new charge stripper for uranium beam and a new acceleration scheme of krypton beam. The current performance level of the RIBF accelerator complex, as well as a future plan to further increase the beam intensities, are also presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR022
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TUPMR024	Commissioning and First Accelerated Beams in the Reaccelerator (Rea3) of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, MSU	ion, experiment, rfq, acceleration	1287
	A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, M. Ikegami, S.M. Lidia, R. Shane, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D.M. Alt, D.B. Crisp, S.W. Krause, A. Lapierre, D.J. Morrissey, S. Nash, R. Rencsok, R.J. Ringle, S. Schwarz, C. Sumithrarachchi, S.J. Williams NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The ReAccelerator ReA3 is a worldwide unique, state-of-the-art reaccelerator for rare isotope beams. Beams of rare isotopes are produced and separated in-flight at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility and subsequently stopped in a gas cell. The rare isotopes are then continuously extracted as 1+ (or 2+) ions and transported into a beam cooler and buncher, followed by a charge breeder based on an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). In the charge breeder, the ions are ionized to a charge state suitable for acceleration in the superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linac, extracted in a pulsed mode and mass analyzed. The extracted beam is bunched to 80.5 MHz and then accelerated to energies ranging from 300 keV/u up to 6 MeV/u, depending on their charge-to-mass ratio. Alternatively, stable isotope ions can be accelerated injecting stable gas in the EBIT. ReA3 was commissioned recently with stable 40Ar and 39K as well as with the rare isotope beams of 46Ar and 46K. This contribution will focus on the properties and techniques used to accelerate and transport rare isotope beams and will show results obtained during the preparation of the two first experiments using the ReA facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR024
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TUPMR060	Improvement of 18 MeV Cyclotron Magnet Design by TOSCA Code	simulation, resonance, betatron, factory	1397
	N. Rahimpour Kalkhoran, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju AUT, Tehran, Iran J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea
	According to increasing need to cyclotrons in the world, designing and manufacturing of these machines are considered. Therefore designing of 18 MeV cyclotron magnet has begun at Amirkabir University Of Technology. Magnet is one of the most important parts of the cyclotron, so in designing of magnet, all other components of cyclotron which influence on magnet, should be considered. Since the achievable energy for particle is determined 18MeV, designed magnet has AVF structure. TOSCA (Opera-3D) code was selected for simulation and analysis. First of all, theoretical calculations and estimations were done and magnetic field data according to radius were achieved, after that, simulation with initial estimations and a simple model of magnet was begun and optimization process continued until magnetic field results from the simulation coincided with the theoretical one. Different shimmings were used for better coincidence. Some results contains magnetic field on middle plane and betatron oscillations were checked. Also working points of the cyclotron with resonance regions were checked. According to use reliable mesh, the accuracy of simulation results is sufficient high.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR060
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TUPOY002	AOC, A Beam Dynamics Design Code for Medical and Industrial Accelerators at IBA	extraction, space-charge, simulation, synchro-cyclotron	1902
	W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, V. Nuttens, E.E. Pearson, J. Walle, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The Advanced Orbit Code (AOC) facilitates design studies of critical systems and processes in medical and industrial accelerators. Examples include: i) injection into and extraction from cyclotrons, ii) central region, beam-capture and longitudinal beam dynamics studies in synchro-cyclotrons, iii) studies of resonance crossings, iv) stripping extraction, v) beam simulation from the ion source to the extraction, vi) space charge effects, vii) beam transmission studies in gantries or viii) calculation of Twiss-functions. The main features of the code and some applications are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY002
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TUPOY005	The Use of Cyclotron for PET/CT Scan in Indonesian Hospitals and Future Collaboration	ion, proton, ion-source, HOM	1911
	N.S. Risdianto, J. Purwanto, F.A. Rahmadi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia N. Risdiana UMY, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
	In Indonesia there are only three hospitals, which using cyclotrons for cancer detection (PET scans). These three hospitals are located in one place: Jakarta. With 1.4 percent of the Indonesian population are developing tumor/cancer, compared to the number of hospitals, which have advanced PET technology from cyclotrons, it will be a major task for the government to empower the production and overseas collaboration in the cyclotron industry.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY005
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TUPOY020	Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source for 99mTc Production	target, neutron, proton, rfq	1946
	R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom I.R. Bailey Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Funding: The authors would like to thank STFC UK for their support of this work The radioisotope Technetium-99m (^99mTc) is used in 85\% of all nuclear medicine procedures. ^99mTc is produced from its precursor Molybdenum-99 (⁹⁹Mo), which until recently was produced in only five research reactors worldwide. Recently a number of accelerator-based methods have been proposed to fill this gap and to diversify this supply chain. In the paper we present our base compact (4 m) 10 mA 3.5 MeV accelerator design, to generate low-energy neutrons via fusion. In this design we increase neutron capture with a novel moderator assembly to shift the neutron spectrum into the epithermal resonance region of the ⁹⁸Mo capture cross-section to create ⁹⁹Mo. In this paper we examine Li(p, n) reactions for neutron production. Specifically focused on a numerical studies for an optimised target design capable of handling the heat load.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY020
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TUPOY042	Schemes for the Accelerator-driven System	proton, neutron, operation, target	1995
	T.-Y. Lee, H.-S. Lee, S. Shin PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Accelerator-Driven system (ADS) is considered the fu-ture nuclear reactor. In principle, it is safer and creates less waste than the conventional nuclear reactor, and provides the transmutation function that converts spent fuel into short-lived elements. However, to fully realize this system, a huge proton accelerator (typically, 1 GeV beam energy and over 10 MW beam power) with ex-tremely high operational stability is necessary. This paper discusses how the currently available technology can be applied for nuclear transmutation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY042
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TUPOY044	Energy Efficiency of High Power Accelerators for ADS Applications	neutron, linac, klystron, proton	2001
	M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot, S. Peggs BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. One important issue identified by the 2014 comprehensive nuclear fuel cycle Evaluation & Screening report* that was chartered by the US Department of Energy was the impact of the electricity required to operate the accelerator on the overall efficiency of an Accelerator Driven System (ADS).The objective of this paper is to contribute some understanding regarding that issue. Then, by looking at several options of existing and projected accelerator technologies for ADS, we evaluate the impact of the technology choice on the efficiency of a conventional ADS facility, in view of investigating the limitations and where there is room for improvement. * R. Wigeland et al, Nuclear fuel cycle evaluation and screening'final report: Appendix B, Comprehensive set of fuel cycle options. Idaho National Laboratory Technical Report INL/EXT-14-31465 (2014).
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY044
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WEIB01	Collaboration with Industry in Korea for Medical Accelerators	proton, medical-accelerators, ion, radiation	2105
	S.H. Nam KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	Activities related to medical accelerator development in Korea have been very active recently. Industrial collaboration in this respect has also been highly active. The current main medical accelerator project in Korea is the Korean Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project, which is an heavy ion therapy facility mainly with carbon ions. The collaboration covers wide technical areas such as RF structures, magnets, vacuum components, diagnostics, etc. In this talk, such industrial collaboration aspects in Korea will be presented and further collaboration areas will be proposed.
	Slides WEIB01 [5.766 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEIB01
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THXB01	Review of Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Machines	target, neutron, linac, proton	3171
	M. Yoshioka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising method for cancer therapy. A few accelerator-based BNCT projects are in progress in Japan, and plans for such systems are discussed in Europe, China, Taiwan and Korea. To obtain sufficient epi-thermal neutron flux, 30-50 kW of proton beam power is required. This talk reviews the present situation of the BNCT projects in the world. Key issues for the stable production of epi-thermal neutrons for medical applications are discussed. This includes the type of accelerator (linac or cyclotron), the selection of proton energy (3 MeV, 8 MeV, or 30 MeV), the coice of target (Li or Be) and moderator.
	Slides THXB01 [4.059 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THXB01
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THPMR030	Results of the Use of Axisymmetric RF Focusing in Proton Linacs at Energies up to 7 MeV	linac, proton, focusing, rfq	3449
	V.S. Dyubkov, Ya.V. Shashkov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	During a few decades axisymmetric RF structures with a focusing by means of nonsynchronous spatial harmonics of electromagnetic field are offered instead of proven RFQ. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 2 MeV was shown in a number of papers. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 7 MeV is considered in this paper. Results of an analytical investigation and a numerical simulation of self-consistent proton dynamics are presented and discussed.
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THPOY024	Demagnetization of an Entire Accelerator Vault	electron, TRIUMF, linac, power-supply	4143
	T. Planche, R.A. Baartman, S.R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada G. Arias, T.C. LeRoss, K.K.S. Multani UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada D.A. Bissky Dziadyk McGill University, Montréal,, Canada T. Zuiderveen University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
	The ARIEL electron linac produced its first high-energy beam on 31 September 2014. Despite over 40 years of experience with ion beams, transporting electrons constituted a new challenge for TRIUMF. With good reason: the difference in rest mass makes electrons orders of magnitude more sensitive than ions to magnetic fields (for the same kinetic energy). In this paper we show how beam steering could have been seriously compromised by the remament field from the structural steel of the building, and how this issue was addressed using a technique developed to demagnetize steel-hull ships: we degaussed the entire accelerator vault.
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FRXAA01	Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Project	ion, synchrotron, extraction, proton	4243
	G.B. Kim, G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, H. Yim KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, C.W. Park KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
	The Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project is to develop 430-MeV/u heavy ion accelerator and therapy systems for medical applications. The accelerator system includes ECRIS, injector linac, synchrotron, beam transport lines, and treatment systems. The accelerator system is expected to provide stable beams very reliably, and there should be special cares and strategies in the machine construction and operations. This presentation covers all issues mentioned above.
	Slides FRXAA01 [10.869 MB]
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOPMB020

Transverse Intensity Distribution Measurement of Ion Beams Using Gafchromic Films

ion, radiation, octupole, tandem-accelerator

130

Y. Yuri, T. Agematsu, T. Ishizaka, K. Narumi, S. Okumura, H. Seito, T. Yuyama
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

A possible method of measuring the transverse spatial distribution of energetic ion beams is developed at Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly, Japan Atomic Energy Agency). For this purpose, a radiochromic film, Gafchromic film (Ashland Inc.), is employed since it enables us to easily measure a large-area irradiation field distribution at a high spatial resolution. Gafchromic EBT3 and HD-V2 films are irradiated with ion beams of various species and kinetic energies extracted from a cyclotron and electrostatic accelerators at QST/Takasaki. Then, the coloration response of the films is analyzed in terms of the optical density. It is demonstrated that EBT3 and HD-V2 films are useful for the beam profile measurement at low fluence and at low energy, respectively.

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MOPMR008

Development of Beam Position Monitor for a Heavy-ion Linac of KHIMA

proton, ion, synchrotron, beam-transport

238

J.G. Hwang
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (no. NRF-2014M2C3A1029534).
The carbon and proton beams are produced by the electron cyclotron resonance ion source with the energy of 8 keV/u and it is accelerated up to 7 MeV/u by the RFQ and IH-DTL. The accelerated beam is injected on the synchrotron through the medium energy beam transport (MEBT). In the MEBT line of KHIMA, the stripline beam position monitor (BPM) is installed to measure the beam trajectory and orbit jitter before the beam injection at the synchrotron. It is also used to measure the phase information such as a bunch length for the de-buncher tuning in MEBT line. The BPM has the position resolution of 100 um with the diameter of 40 mm. The design study is performed and it is fabricated. In order to confirm the performance of the beam position monitor, the measurement of position accuracy and calibration by using wire test-bench, and the beam test with proton beam from MC-50 in KIRAMS are performed.

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MOPMR010

The Development of Scintillating Screen Detector for Beam Monitoring at the KHIMA Project

proton, ion, experiment, heavy-ion

244

S.Y. Noh, S.D. Chang, J.G. Hwang
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G. Hahn, T.K. Yang
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Funding: NRF-2014M2C3A1029534
It is important to measure the beam propeties such as position, size and intensity, when we control the medical beam qualities, So we developed the scintillation screen monitor used for beam profile monitoring and it will be installed at High Energy Beam Transport(HEBT) section to measure the beam parameters. This system consists of a terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide(Gd2O2S:Tb) phosphor screen and high speed charge coupled device camera. The CCD camera has the maximum 90 frame rate and 659 X 494 pixel resolution. This Camera is mounted at distance of 260mm from the center of the scintillation screen and with the angle of 45 degree to the scintillation screen which is mounted at the angle of 45 degree to the beam axis. The image analysis program was written in National Instruments LabVIEW using IMAQ driver. To reduce the image processing time, we optimized the prcessing flow and used LabVIEW built-in function. To evaluate this system, we measured the beam size and center position of the beam at KIRAMS on 50MeV cyclotron. In this paper, we present the manufacture of beam profile system based on a scintillating screen monitor and the in-beam test results of it.

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MOPMR048

Emittance Measurements and Operation Optimization for ECR Ion Sources

ion, emittance, ion-source, ECR

361

V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
O. Kamigaito, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, V. Tzoganis
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: RIKEN IPA scheme and Cockcroft Institute Core Grant
Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources supply a broad range of ions for post acceleration in cyclotrons. Here, an effort to improve the beam transfer from RIKEN's 18 GHz ECR ion source to the Low Energy Beam Transfer (LEBT) line and an optimization of the performance of the ion source is presented. Simulation studies have shown that less than 20% of the beam is currently transferred. The first goal is to measure the transverse beam emittance in real time. The emittance monitor designed and fabricated for this purpose utilizes a pepper pot plate followed by a transparent scintillator and a CMOS camera for image capture. The second goal is to find the optimal operating point of the ion source by sweeping parameters such as RF power, vacuum pressure, extraction electrode position and voltage. To this extent, modifications of the ion source took place, as well as a measurement of the magnetic field inside the ion source. In this contribution the results of the emittance and other operating parameters measurements, as well as the design details of the emittance monitor are presented

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TUPMB035

Developments of HTS Magnets towards Application to Accelerators

operation, dipole, neutron, target

1180

K. Hatanaka, M. Fukuda, K. Kamakura, H. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, T. Yorita
RCNP, Osaka, Japan

We have been developing magnets utilizing first generation HTS wire for this decade. HTS materials have advantages over LTS materials. Magnets can be operated at 20 K or higher temperature and the cooling structure becomes simpler. Owing to a large margin in operating temperature, it is possible to excite HTS magnets by AC or pulsed currents without quenching. After successful performance tests of proto type models, two magnets have been fabricated for practical use. A cylindrical magnet generates a magnetic field higher than 3.5 T at the center to polarized 210 neV neutrons. A dipole magnet is excited by pulse currents in order to deliver accelerated beams to two target stations by time sharing. Their design and operational performance are discussed.

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TUPMR011

Development of Optimized RF Cavity in 10 MeV Cyclotron

network, cavity, simulation, resonance

1250

M. Mohamadian, H. Afarideh, M. Salehi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Cyclotron cavity modelled by an artificial neural net-work, which is trained by our optimized algorithm. The training samples are obtained from simulation results, which are done by MWS CST software for some defined situation and parameters, and also with the conventional BP algorithm. It is shown that the optimized FFN can estimate the cyclotron model parameters with acceptable outputs. Hence, the neural network trained by this algorithm represents the proper estimation and acceptable ability to our structure modelling. The cyclotron cavity parameter modelling illustrate that the neural network trained by this algorithm could be the acceptable method to design parameters.

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TUPMR012

Investigation of Central Region Design of 10MeV AVF Cyclotron

ion, ion-source, acceleration, injection

1253

M. Afkhami Karaei, H. Afarideh, S. Azizpourian, R. Solhju
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Recently, studies on the central region of 10 MeV AVF Cyclotron have been done at AmirKabir University of Technology. In this study, the aim of the cyclotron design is to accelerate the ions up to 10MeV energy. The cyclotron, consist of four sector magnets and 2 RF cavities which will be operated at 71 MHz. The internal PIG ion source is used in this cyclotron. The purpose of this work is to investigate the behavior of trajectories of ions in the magnetic and electric fields at the center of the cyclotron. The electric and magnetic field distribution was designed by OPERA-3DTOSCA. In order to solve the equation of motion, numerical code was written in C++ program that used the conventional Rung-Kutta method. The obtained results of simulation were the horizontal and vertical motion of an ion in the center of cyclotron, and motion of the center of the orbits.

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TUPMR013

Heat Transfer Study of PIG Ion Source for 10 MeV Cyclotron

ion, cathode, ion-source, electron

1256

F. Zakerhosseini, H. Afarideh, S. Sabounchi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

A PIG Ion source provides H-ions for the 10 MeV cyclotron, which is designed and being manufactured by Amirkabir university of technology. Plasma created in the anode contains the desired ions. Discharge for producing plasma consists of the both ion current from plasma towards the cathode and the secondary electron current from the cathode to the plasma. Secondary electron emission is the result of ion collision on the surface of the cathode. Heat generated by these collisions is considerably high, so a cooling system for ion source is crucial. In this paper heat transfer study of the ion source, temperature distribution and deformation of different parts simulated using ANSYS CFX. Also the thermionic emission of the electrons from cathode in the calculated temperatures by ANSYS simulated Using CST STUDIO. Results showed the maximum temperature of the cathodes is 1992 K, which is far away from the cathode melting point. The thermionic current in 1992 K of cathode simulated and the results showed an electron current of 0.00706 A at 500 V which is negligible in comparison to the discharge current of 1 A. Maximum deformation were about 0.2 mm in cathode edges.

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TUPMR015

Cooling and Heat Transfer of the IRANCYC-10 Transmission Line

impedance, simulation, factory, cavity

1259

S. Sabounchi, H. Afarideh, M. Mohamadian, M. Salehi
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Heat transfer study for designing RF transmission line in cyclotrons is crucial. Because of enormous amount of surface current on RF transmission line, despite high conductivity of copper, significant amount of heat is being generated, which is enough for altering characteristic impedance and other desirable parameters for transmission line. So, effective cooling system which is nourished by central chiller system is essential. For design of cooling system in RF transmission line suitable mass flow, appropriate geometry and confined temperatures are prominent in order to avoid eroding and impedance changing. In this paper an attempt has been done for accurate analyzing and simulating of heat transfer phenomenon for the 10MeV cyclotron (IRANCYC-10 ) which is under construction at AmirKabir University of Technology. By using Ansys CFX simulation software, the optimum cooling line geometry and mass flow rate of 90 gr/s for cooling water, has been resulted.

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TUPMR016

Research and Development of a Compact Superconducting Cyclotron SC200 for Proton Therapy

proton, cavity, simulation, extraction

1262

G.A. Karamysheva, S. Gurskiy, O. Karamyshev, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

According to the agreement between the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei (China) and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia), the development of a superconducting isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy SC200 is started. The cyclotron will provide acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV with maximum beam current of 1 μA. We plan to manufacture in China two cyclotrons: one will operate in Hefei cyclotron medical center the other will replace Phasotron in Medico-technical Center JINR Dubna and will be used for further research and development of cancer therapy by protons. Now we present main parameters of cyclotron and simulation results of magnetic, accelerating and extraction systems.

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TUPMR017

Computer Modeling of Magnet for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron

extraction, proton, simulation, focusing

1265

N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Song, J. Zheng
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China

The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 mkA. By computer simulation with 3D codes the cyclotron magnet principal parameters were estimated (pole radius 0.62 m, outer diameter 2.2 m, valley depth 0.3 m, height 1.22 m, weight ~30 t). The required isochronous magnetic field is shaped with accuracy some mT. Four fold symmetry and spiralized sectors with minimal gap 4 mm at extraction provide the stable beam acceleration till 10 mm from the pole edge.

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TUPMR018

Beam Tracking Simulation for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron

simulation, extraction, acceleration, resonance

1268

O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Y. Song
ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
G.A. Karamysheva, N.A. Morozov, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The SC200 superconducting cyclotron for hadron therapy is under development by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). The accelerator will provide 200 MeV proton beam with maximum current of 1μA in 2017-2018. The cyclotron is very compact and light, the estimate total weight is about 30 tons and extraction radius is 60 cm. We have performed simulations of all systems of the SC200 cyclotron and specified the main parameters of the accelerator. Average magnetic field of the cyclotron is up to 3.5 T and the particle revolution frequency is about 45 MHz, these parameters increases the requirements for accuracy of the beam dynamics studies. We have designed and performed beam tracking starting from the ion source. Codes and methods used for the beam tracking are presented.

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TUPMR019

Measurements of the Beam Phase Response to Correcting Magnetic Fields in PSI Cyclotrons

simulation, diagnostics, proton, operation

1271

A.S. Parfenova, C. Baumgarten, J.M. Humbel, A.C. Mezger
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The cyclotron-based proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at PSI is presently operated at 1.3-1.4 MW beam power at a kinetic energy of 590 MeV/u to drive the neutron spallation source SINQ and for production of pion and muon beams. Over the years HIPA facility has developed towards increase of the delivered beam current and beam power (0.1 mA in 1974 till 2.2 mA in 2010). During the last few years several upgrades of the Ring cyclotron field correction and beam phase monitoring systems were made. RF voltage was also increased. In order to test the performance of the upgraded system the phase response measurements were carried out.

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TUPMR022

Present Status and Future Plan of RIKEN RI Beam Factory

ion, acceleration, heavy-ion, ion-source

1281

O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nagatomo, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, S. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Recent efforts concerning the accelerators of the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) have been directed towards achieving higher heavy-ion beam intensities. As shown at the IPAC2014 conference, the intensities of these ion beams have improved significantly following the construction of the new injector, RILAC2, which is equipped with a 28-GHz superconducting ECR ion source, development of the helium gas stripper, and upgrading of the bending power of the fRC. In this respect, this paper presents the subsequent upgrade programs conducted in the past two years, such as the development of a new charge stripper for uranium beam and a new acceleration scheme of krypton beam. The current performance level of the RIBF accelerator complex, as well as a future plan to further increase the beam intensities, are also presented.

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TUPMR024

Commissioning and First Accelerated Beams in the Reaccelerator (Rea3) of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, MSU

ion, experiment, rfq, acceleration

1287

A.C.C. Villari, G. Bollen, M. Ikegami, S.M. Lidia, R. Shane, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D.M. Alt, D.B. Crisp, S.W. Krause, A. Lapierre, D.J. Morrissey, S. Nash, R. Rencsok, R.J. Ringle, S. Schwarz, C. Sumithrarachchi, S.J. Williams
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The ReAccelerator ReA3 is a worldwide unique, state-of-the-art reaccelerator for rare isotope beams. Beams of rare isotopes are produced and separated in-flight at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility and subsequently stopped in a gas cell. The rare isotopes are then continuously extracted as 1+ (or 2+) ions and transported into a beam cooler and buncher, followed by a charge breeder based on an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). In the charge breeder, the ions are ionized to a charge state suitable for acceleration in the superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linac, extracted in a pulsed mode and mass analyzed. The extracted beam is bunched to 80.5 MHz and then accelerated to energies ranging from 300 keV/u up to 6 MeV/u, depending on their charge-to-mass ratio. Alternatively, stable isotope ions can be accelerated injecting stable gas in the EBIT. ReA3 was commissioned recently with stable 40Ar and 39K as well as with the rare isotope beams of 46Ar and 46K. This contribution will focus on the properties and techniques used to accelerate and transport rare isotope beams and will show results obtained during the preparation of the two first experiments using the ReA facility.

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TUPMR060

Improvement of 18 MeV Cyclotron Magnet Design by TOSCA Code

simulation, resonance, betatron, factory

1397

N. Rahimpour Kalkhoran, H. Afarideh, R. Solhju
AUT, Tehran, Iran
J.-S. Chai, M. Ghergherehchi
SKKU, Suwon, Republic of Korea

According to increasing need to cyclotrons in the world, designing and manufacturing of these machines are considered. Therefore designing of 18 MeV cyclotron magnet has begun at Amirkabir University Of Technology. Magnet is one of the most important parts of the cyclotron, so in designing of magnet, all other components of cyclotron which influence on magnet, should be considered. Since the achievable energy for particle is determined 18MeV, designed magnet has AVF structure. TOSCA (Opera-3D) code was selected for simulation and analysis. First of all, theoretical calculations and estimations were done and magnetic field data according to radius were achieved, after that, simulation with initial estimations and a simple model of magnet was begun and optimization process continued until magnetic field results from the simulation coincided with the theoretical one. Different shimmings were used for better coincidence. Some results contains magnetic field on middle plane and betatron oscillations were checked. Also working points of the cyclotron with resonance regions were checked. According to use reliable mesh, the accuracy of simulation results is sufficient high.

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TUPOY002

AOC, A Beam Dynamics Design Code for Medical and Industrial Accelerators at IBA

extraction, space-charge, simulation, synchro-cyclotron

1902

W.J.G.M. Kleeven, M. Abs, E. Forton, V. Nuttens, E.E. Pearson, J. Walle, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The Advanced Orbit Code (AOC) facilitates design studies of critical systems and processes in medical and industrial accelerators. Examples include: i) injection into and extraction from cyclotrons, ii) central region, beam-capture and longitudinal beam dynamics studies in synchro-cyclotrons, iii) studies of resonance crossings, iv) stripping extraction, v) beam simulation from the ion source to the extraction, vi) space charge effects, vii) beam transmission studies in gantries or viii) calculation of Twiss-functions. The main features of the code and some applications are discussed.

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TUPOY005

The Use of Cyclotron for PET/CT Scan in Indonesian Hospitals and Future Collaboration

ion, proton, ion-source, HOM

1911

N.S. Risdianto, J. Purwanto, F.A. Rahmadi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
N. Risdiana
UMY, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

In Indonesia there are only three hospitals, which using cyclotrons for cancer detection (PET scans). These three hospitals are located in one place: Jakarta. With 1.4 percent of the Indonesian population are developing tumor/cancer, compared to the number of hospitals, which have advanced PET technology from cyclotrons, it will be a major task for the government to empower the production and overseas collaboration in the cyclotron industry.

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TUPOY020

Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source for 99mTc Production

target, neutron, proton, rfq

1946

R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: The authors would like to thank STFC UK for their support of this work
The radioisotope Technetium-99m (^99mTc) is used in 85\% of all nuclear medicine procedures. ^99mTc is produced from its precursor Molybdenum-99 (⁹⁹Mo), which until recently was produced in only five research reactors worldwide. Recently a number of accelerator-based methods have been proposed to fill this gap and to diversify this supply chain. In the paper we present our base compact (4 m) 10 mA 3.5 MeV accelerator design, to generate low-energy neutrons via fusion. In this design we increase neutron capture with a novel moderator assembly to shift the neutron spectrum into the epithermal resonance region of the ⁹⁸Mo capture cross-section to create ⁹⁹Mo. In this paper we examine Li(p, n) reactions for neutron production. Specifically focused on a numerical studies for an optimised target design capable of handling the heat load.

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TUPOY042

Schemes for the Accelerator-driven System

proton, neutron, operation, target

1995

T.-Y. Lee, H.-S. Lee, S. Shin
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Accelerator-Driven system (ADS) is considered the fu-ture nuclear reactor. In principle, it is safer and creates less waste than the conventional nuclear reactor, and provides the transmutation function that converts spent fuel into short-lived elements. However, to fully realize this system, a huge proton accelerator (typically, 1 GeV beam energy and over 10 MW beam power) with ex-tremely high operational stability is necessary. This paper discusses how the currently available technology can be applied for nuclear transmutation.

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TUPOY044

Energy Efficiency of High Power Accelerators for ADS Applications

neutron, linac, klystron, proton

2001

M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot, S. Peggs
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
One important issue identified by the 2014 comprehensive nuclear fuel cycle Evaluation & Screening report* that was chartered by the US Department of Energy was the impact of the electricity required to operate the accelerator on the overall efficiency of an Accelerator Driven System (ADS).The objective of this paper is to contribute some understanding regarding that issue. Then, by looking at several options of existing and projected accelerator technologies for ADS, we evaluate the impact of the technology choice on the efficiency of a conventional ADS facility, in view of investigating the limitations and where there is room for improvement.
* R. Wigeland et al, Nuclear fuel cycle evaluation and screening'final report: Appendix B, Comprehensive set of fuel cycle options. Idaho National Laboratory Technical Report INL/EXT-14-31465 (2014).

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WEIB01

Collaboration with Industry in Korea for Medical Accelerators

proton, medical-accelerators, ion, radiation

2105

S.H. Nam
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Activities related to medical accelerator development in Korea have been very active recently. Industrial collaboration in this respect has also been highly active. The current main medical accelerator project in Korea is the Korean Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project, which is an heavy ion therapy facility mainly with carbon ions. The collaboration covers wide technical areas such as RF structures, magnets, vacuum components, diagnostics, etc. In this talk, such industrial collaboration aspects in Korea will be presented and further collaboration areas will be proposed.

Slides WEIB01 [5.766 MB]

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THXB01

Review of Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Machines

target, neutron, linac, proton

3171

M. Yoshioka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising method for cancer therapy. A few accelerator-based BNCT projects are in progress in Japan, and plans for such systems are discussed in Europe, China, Taiwan and Korea. To obtain sufficient epi-thermal neutron flux, 30-50 kW of proton beam power is required. This talk reviews the present situation of the BNCT projects in the world. Key issues for the stable production of epi-thermal neutrons for medical applications are discussed. This includes the type of accelerator (linac or cyclotron), the selection of proton energy (3 MeV, 8 MeV, or 30 MeV), the coice of target (Li or Be) and moderator.

Slides THXB01 [4.059 MB]

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THPMR030

Results of the Use of Axisymmetric RF Focusing in Proton Linacs at Energies up to 7 MeV

linac, proton, focusing, rfq

3449

V.S. Dyubkov, Ya.V. Shashkov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

During a few decades axisymmetric RF structures with a focusing by means of nonsynchronous spatial harmonics of electromagnetic field are offered instead of proven RFQ. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 2 MeV was shown in a number of papers. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 7 MeV is considered in this paper. Results of an analytical investigation and a numerical simulation of self-consistent proton dynamics are presented and discussed.

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THPOY024

Demagnetization of an Entire Accelerator Vault

electron, TRIUMF, linac, power-supply

4143

T. Planche, R.A. Baartman, S.R. Koscielniak
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
G. Arias, T.C. LeRoss, K.K.S. Multani
UBC, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
D.A. Bissky Dziadyk
McGill University, Montréal,, Canada
T. Zuiderveen
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

The ARIEL electron linac produced its first high-energy beam on 31 September 2014. Despite over 40 years of experience with ion beams, transporting electrons constituted a new challenge for TRIUMF. With good reason: the difference in rest mass makes electrons orders of magnitude more sensitive than ions to magnetic fields (for the same kinetic energy). In this paper we show how beam steering could have been seriously compromised by the remament field from the structural steel of the building, and how this issue was addressed using a technique developed to demagnetize steel-hull ships: we degaussed the entire accelerator vault.

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FRXAA01

Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Project

ion, synchrotron, extraction, proton

4243

G.B. Kim, G. Hahn, W.T. Hwang, H. Yim
KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
J.G. Hwang, C.H. Kim, C.W. Park
KIRAMS/KHIMA, Seoul, Republic of Korea

The Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) project is to develop 430-MeV/u heavy ion accelerator and therapy systems for medical applications. The accelerator system includes ECRIS, injector linac, synchrotron, beam transport lines, and treatment systems. The accelerator system is expected to provide stable beams very reliably, and there should be special cares and strategies in the machine construction and operations. This presentation covers all issues mentioned above.

Slides FRXAA01 [10.869 MB]

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