IPAC2016 - List of Keywords (hardware)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPMB032	A New Fault Recovery Mechanism for Superconducting Cavity Failure in C-ADS	FPGA, cavity, space-charge, linac	158
	Z. Xue, J.P. Dai, C. Meng IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	For proton linear accelerators used in applications such as C-ADS, due to the nature of the operation, it is essential to have beam failures at the rate several orders of magnitude lower than usual performance of similar accelerators. A fault-tolerant mechanism should be mandatorily imposed in order to maintain short recovery time, high uptime and extremely low frequency of beam loss. This paper proposes an innovative and challenging way for compensation and rematch of cavity failure using fast electronic devices and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) instead of embedded computers to complete the computation of beam dynamics. Due to the high arithmetic-computing-speed, good portability and repeatability, it is possible to realize calculation and re-adjustment online. In order to achieve the goal of instantaneous compensation and rematch, an advanced hardware design methodology including high-level synthesis and an improved genetic algorithm will be used.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB032
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MOPMB041	Modified Trigger Mode of Streak Camera to Measure Bunch Longitudinal Distribution in HLS II	electron, optics, controls, brightness	184
	H. Li, X.Y. Liu, P. Lu, B.G. Sun, L.L. Tang, J.G. Wang, F.F. Wu, Y.L. Yang, Z.R. Zhou USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (11575181, 11175173) In Hefei Light Source, the streak camera was used to measure the bunch length and longitudinal distribution using synchronous light. As the RF frequency of HLS II was 204MHz, the streak camera worked at the frequency of 102MHz (half of 204MHz). Because of the bunch lengthening, the streak camera faced the problem, the streak image on the phosphor screen will overlap when the bunch length was above 200.5ps@5% linear error and 10% overlap. In order to solve this problem, an effective solution was to change the working frequency of the streak camera to 136MHz (two thirds of 204MHz), and then the streak image on the phosphor screen will overlap when the bunch length was above 285.6ps@5% linear error and 10% overlap. So a front-end electronic was needed before the synchronizing signals feed into the streak camera. The front-end electronic was designed to convert the 204MHz synchronizing signal to 136MHz.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB041
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TUPMB040	LHC Accelerator Fault Tracker - First Experience	operation, cryogenics, ion, luminosity	1190
	A. Apollonio, L. Ponce, C. Roderick, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Availability is one of the key performance indicators of LHC operation, being directly correlated with integrated luminosity production. An effective tool for availability tracking is a necessity to ensure a coherent capture of fault information and relevant dependencies on operational modes and beam parameters. At the beginning of LHC Run 2 in 2015, the Accelerator Fault Tracking (AFT) tool was deployed at CERN to track faults or events affecting LHC operation. Information derived from the AFT is crucial for the identification of areas to improve LHC availability, and hence LHC physics production. For the 2015 run, the AFT has been used by members of the CERN Availability Working Group, LHC Machine coordinators and equipment owners to identify the main contributors to downtime and to understand the evolution of LHC availability throughout the year. In this paper the 2015 experience with the AFT for availability tracking is summarised and an overview of the first results as well as an outlook to future developments is given.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB040
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TUPMB047	Tracking the Helium Balance in FREIA	EPICS, database, controls, radio-frequency	1202
	V.G. Ziemann, L. Hermansson Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
	In the FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University we test the super-conducting spoke-cavities for the European Spallation Source. Liquid Helium for cooling the cavities is provided by a liquefaction plant from which also a local user community at the University is served. Recently we encountered a leak due to a faulty valve which went undetected for some time and caused significant loss of Helium. In order to prevent such mishaps in the future we implemented a Helium tracking system that includes detailed accounting of Helium leaving and entering the closed system as well as all volumes containing Helium in the system. We describe the technical implementation and experience to date.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB047
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TUPOY001	Beam Quality Assurance for Proton Clinical Beams at MedAustron	operation, proton, controls, synchrotron	1899
	L.C. Penescu, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	The commissioning process of the MedAustron accelerator has delivered the configurations providing the requested beam parameters in the irradiation room, and at the same time it identified the critical points where a performance drift can appear. The strategy for beam quality assurance has therefore two components: testing the specific parameters of the beam delivered to the irradiation room, and testing for any drifts that might appear at the critical points. We present here the monitoring strategy, the observed limitations, the tools employed and the long-term statistics of the beam quality assurance for proton clinical beams.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY001
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WEPMY043	Parallel Particle Movement Simulation Algorithm Based on Heterogeneous Computing	GPU, simulation, controls, framework	2654
	L.G. Zhang, L. Cao, K. Fan, J. Huang, K.F. Liu, W. Qi, J. Yang HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Particle in cell (PIC) algorithm studies the self-consistent motion of multi-particle system by solving equations of particle dynamics, this algorithm is widely used to evaluate the nonlinear space charge effect of the high intensity or low energy beam. In order to reduce the random noise in the simulation, a huge number of particles should be traced, the process expends many computer hardware resources and a lot of computing time. Heterogeneous computing can greatly improve the efficiency of large quantities of the particle tracking by making full use of different types of computing resources. In this paper we give the algorithm which uses both CPU and GPU to trace the particles in electromagnetic field. The results show that the given algorithm increases the efficiency significantly.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY043
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WEPOR006	Demonstration of CLIC Level Phase Stability using a High Bandwidth, Low Latency Drive Beam Phase Feedforward System at the CLIC Test Facility CTF3	kicker, optics, simulation, electronics	2673
	J. Roberts, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom A. Andersson, R. Corsini, P.K. Skowroński CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
	Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu-CARD, grant agreement no.~227579. The CLIC acceleration scheme, in which the RF power used to accelerate the main high energy beam is extracted from a second high intensity but low energy beam, places strict requirements on the phase stability of the power producing drive beam. To limit luminosity loss caused by energy jitter leading to emittance growth in the final focus to below 1%, 0.2 degrees of 12 GHz, or 50 fs, drive beam phase stability is needed. A low-latency phase feedforward correction with bandwidth above 17.5 MHz will be used to reduce the drive beam phase jitter to this level. The proposed scheme corrects the phase using fast electromagnetic kickers to vary the path length in a chicane prior to the drive beam power extraction. A prototype of this system has been installed at the CLIC test facility CTF3 to prove its feasibility. The latest results from the system are presented, demonstrating phase stabilisation in agreement with simulations given the beam conditions and power of the kicker amplifiers. Necessary improvements in the phase monitor performance and optics corrections made to remove the phase-energy dependence via R56 in order to achieve this level of stability are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPOR006
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THPMW007	The Design of a New State Space Digital Power Supply Prototype	feedback, controls, FPGA, power-supply	3546
	K. Shu, J.X. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Based on system identification and DLQR methods, a self-adaptive power supply can be implemented by the new controller structure without any change in power main circuit. Now only some raw tests have been taken which show its stableness, but the State Space Digital Controlling may turned out to be with potential. It makes power supplies with different capability easy to interchange without any more effort on tuning their parameters according to their loads, and can be extended to accommodate MIMO systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMW007
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THPOY016	Fast Machine Interlock Platform for Reliable Machine Protection Systems	power-supply, EPICS, controls, timing	4119
	R. Tavčar, J. Dedič, E. Erjavec, R. Modic Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia M. Liu, C.X. Yin SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	This article presents a machine interlock system (MIS), designed and developed in collaboration between SINAP and Cosylab. The design is based on the experience and requirements of different accelerator facilities around the world, with the goal of providing, out of the box, the flexibility, reliability, availability, determinism, response speed, etc., which facilities need for a Machine Protection System (MPS). The goal of the MIS platform is to provide a reliable tool, which covers all the common MIS behaviour, required by an MPS designer. The system is based on a proven hardware platform, uses radiation-tolerant FPGAs, has built-in redundancies for power supply, hardware components and logic and is configurable from EPICS. We present several design principles that were used and explain the features and principles of application. Furthermore, we present the system architecture, from hardware and firmware to software. The MIS system is currently being installed at the BNCT facility at the Ibaraki Neutron Medical Research Center in Japan and is planned in the treatment interlock system of APTRON, the Advanced Proton Therapy Facility in Shanghai, China.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY016
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THPOY048	NSLS-II Active Interlock System and Post-Mortem Architecture	timing, status, operation, FPGA	4214
	K. Ha, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hu, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, O. Singh, R.M. Smith, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, G. Wang, T. Yang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	The NSLS-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) started the user beam service in early 2015, and is currently operating 13 of the insertion device (ID) and beamlines as well as constructing new beamlines. The fast machine protection consists of an active interlock system (AIS), beam position monitor (BPM), cell controller (CCs) and front-end (FE) systems. The AIS measures the electron beam envelop and the dumps the beam by turning off RF system, and then the diagnostic system provides the post-mortem data for an analysis of which system caused the beam dump and the machine status analysis. NSLS-II post-mortem system involves AIS, CCs, BPMs, radio frequency system (RFs), power supply systems (PSs) as well as the timing system. This paper describes the AIS architecture and PM performance for NSLS-II safe operations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY048
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THPOY056	Implementation of SINAP Timing System in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project	timing, proton, extraction, synchrotron	4231
	B.Q. Zhao, M. Liu, C.X. Yin, L.Y. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	Funding: The project of SINAP Timing System was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11305246). SINAP v2 timing system was implemented in the timing system of Shanghai Proton Therapy Project. The timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is required not only to generate operation sequence for medical proton synchrotron, but also to realize irradiation flow for beam delivery system. For these purposes, the firmware of SINAP v2 timing system is redesigned to satisfy both event code sequenced broadcasting to generate operation sequence and bidirectional event code transmit to realize irradiation flow. Thanks of the hardware advantage of SINAP v2 timing system, the event receiver (EVR) could transmit event code to event generator (EVG) and then broadcast to timing network by bidirectional transmit ability. By this design, the EVR installed in treatment room has ability to send event code to timing network to stop/start beam during slow extraction. The architecture of the timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is presented in the paper. The risk analysis is also described in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY056
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPMB032

A New Fault Recovery Mechanism for Superconducting Cavity Failure in C-ADS

FPGA, cavity, space-charge, linac

158

Z. Xue, J.P. Dai, C. Meng
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

For proton linear accelerators used in applications such as C-ADS, due to the nature of the operation, it is essential to have beam failures at the rate several orders of magnitude lower than usual performance of similar accelerators. A fault-tolerant mechanism should be mandatorily imposed in order to maintain short recovery time, high uptime and extremely low frequency of beam loss. This paper proposes an innovative and challenging way for compensation and rematch of cavity failure using fast electronic devices and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) instead of embedded computers to complete the computation of beam dynamics. Due to the high arithmetic-computing-speed, good portability and repeatability, it is possible to realize calculation and re-adjustment online. In order to achieve the goal of instantaneous compensation and rematch, an advanced hardware design methodology including high-level synthesis and an improved genetic algorithm will be used.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB032

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MOPMB041

Modified Trigger Mode of Streak Camera to Measure Bunch Longitudinal Distribution in HLS II

electron, optics, controls, brightness

184

H. Li, X.Y. Liu, P. Lu, B.G. Sun, L.L. Tang, J.G. Wang, F.F. Wu, Y.L. Yang, Z.R. Zhou
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (11575181, 11175173)
In Hefei Light Source, the streak camera was used to measure the bunch length and longitudinal distribution using synchronous light. As the RF frequency of HLS II was 204MHz, the streak camera worked at the frequency of 102MHz (half of 204MHz). Because of the bunch lengthening, the streak camera faced the problem, the streak image on the phosphor screen will overlap when the bunch length was above 200.5ps@5% linear error and 10% overlap. In order to solve this problem, an effective solution was to change the working frequency of the streak camera to 136MHz (two thirds of 204MHz), and then the streak image on the phosphor screen will overlap when the bunch length was above 285.6ps@5% linear error and 10% overlap. So a front-end electronic was needed before the synchronizing signals feed into the streak camera. The front-end electronic was designed to convert the 204MHz synchronizing signal to 136MHz.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB041

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TUPMB040

LHC Accelerator Fault Tracker - First Experience

operation, cryogenics, ion, luminosity

1190

A. Apollonio, L. Ponce, C. Roderick, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Availability is one of the key performance indicators of LHC operation, being directly correlated with integrated luminosity production. An effective tool for availability tracking is a necessity to ensure a coherent capture of fault information and relevant dependencies on operational modes and beam parameters. At the beginning of LHC Run 2 in 2015, the Accelerator Fault Tracking (AFT) tool was deployed at CERN to track faults or events affecting LHC operation. Information derived from the AFT is crucial for the identification of areas to improve LHC availability, and hence LHC physics production. For the 2015 run, the AFT has been used by members of the CERN Availability Working Group, LHC Machine coordinators and equipment owners to identify the main contributors to downtime and to understand the evolution of LHC availability throughout the year. In this paper the 2015 experience with the AFT for availability tracking is summarised and an overview of the first results as well as an outlook to future developments is given.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB040

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TUPMB047

Tracking the Helium Balance in FREIA

EPICS, database, controls, radio-frequency

1202

V.G. Ziemann, L. Hermansson
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

In the FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University we test the super-conducting spoke-cavities for the European Spallation Source. Liquid Helium for cooling the cavities is provided by a liquefaction plant from which also a local user community at the University is served. Recently we encountered a leak due to a faulty valve which went undetected for some time and caused significant loss of Helium. In order to prevent such mishaps in the future we implemented a Helium tracking system that includes detailed accounting of Helium leaving and entering the closed system as well as all volumes containing Helium in the system. We describe the technical implementation and experience to date.

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reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB047

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TUPOY001

Beam Quality Assurance for Proton Clinical Beams at MedAustron

operation, proton, controls, synchrotron

1899

L.C. Penescu, F. Farinon, A. Garonna, M. Kronberger, T.K.D. Kulenkampff, C. Kurfürst, S. Myalski, S. Nowak, F. Osmić, M.T.F. Pivi, C. Schmitzer, P. Urschütz, A. Wastl
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

The commissioning process of the MedAustron accelerator has delivered the configurations providing the requested beam parameters in the irradiation room, and at the same time it identified the critical points where a performance drift can appear. The strategy for beam quality assurance has therefore two components: testing the specific parameters of the beam delivered to the irradiation room, and testing for any drifts that might appear at the critical points. We present here the monitoring strategy, the observed limitations, the tools employed and the long-term statistics of the beam quality assurance for proton clinical beams.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY001

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WEPMY043

Parallel Particle Movement Simulation Algorithm Based on Heterogeneous Computing

GPU, simulation, controls, framework

2654

L.G. Zhang, L. Cao, K. Fan, J. Huang, K.F. Liu, W. Qi, J. Yang
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Particle in cell (PIC) algorithm studies the self-consistent motion of multi-particle system by solving equations of particle dynamics, this algorithm is widely used to evaluate the nonlinear space charge effect of the high intensity or low energy beam. In order to reduce the random noise in the simulation, a huge number of particles should be traced, the process expends many computer hardware resources and a lot of computing time. Heterogeneous computing can greatly improve the efficiency of large quantities of the particle tracking by making full use of different types of computing resources. In this paper we give the algorithm which uses both CPU and GPU to trace the particles in electromagnetic field. The results show that the given algorithm increases the efficiency significantly.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY043

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WEPOR006

Demonstration of CLIC Level Phase Stability using a High Bandwidth, Low Latency Drive Beam Phase Feedforward System at the CLIC Test Facility CTF3

kicker, optics, simulation, electronics

2673

J. Roberts, P. Burrows, G.B. Christian, C. Perry
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
A. Andersson, R. Corsini, P.K. Skowroński
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy

Funding: Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project Eu-CARD, grant agreement no.~227579.
The CLIC acceleration scheme, in which the RF power used to accelerate the main high energy beam is extracted from a second high intensity but low energy beam, places strict requirements on the phase stability of the power producing drive beam. To limit luminosity loss caused by energy jitter leading to emittance growth in the final focus to below 1%, 0.2 degrees of 12 GHz, or 50 fs, drive beam phase stability is needed. A low-latency phase feedforward correction with bandwidth above 17.5 MHz will be used to reduce the drive beam phase jitter to this level. The proposed scheme corrects the phase using fast electromagnetic kickers to vary the path length in a chicane prior to the drive beam power extraction. A prototype of this system has been installed at the CLIC test facility CTF3 to prove its feasibility. The latest results from the system are presented, demonstrating phase stabilisation in agreement with simulations given the beam conditions and power of the kicker amplifiers. Necessary improvements in the phase monitor performance and optics corrections made to remove the phase-energy dependence via R56 in order to achieve this level of stability are also discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPOR006

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THPMW007

The Design of a New State Space Digital Power Supply Prototype

feedback, controls, FPGA, power-supply

3546

K. Shu, J.X. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Based on system identification and DLQR methods, a self-adaptive power supply can be implemented by the new controller structure without any change in power main circuit. Now only some raw tests have been taken which show its stableness, but the State Space Digital Controlling may turned out to be with potential. It makes power supplies with different capability easy to interchange without any more effort on tuning their parameters according to their loads, and can be extended to accommodate MIMO systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMW007

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THPOY016

Fast Machine Interlock Platform for Reliable Machine Protection Systems

power-supply, EPICS, controls, timing

4119

R. Tavčar, J. Dedič, E. Erjavec, R. Modic
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
M. Liu, C.X. Yin
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

This article presents a machine interlock system (MIS), designed and developed in collaboration between SINAP and Cosylab. The design is based on the experience and requirements of different accelerator facilities around the world, with the goal of providing, out of the box, the flexibility, reliability, availability, determinism, response speed, etc., which facilities need for a Machine Protection System (MPS). The goal of the MIS platform is to provide a reliable tool, which covers all the common MIS behaviour, required by an MPS designer. The system is based on a proven hardware platform, uses radiation-tolerant FPGAs, has built-in redundancies for power supply, hardware components and logic and is configurable from EPICS. We present several design principles that were used and explain the features and principles of application. Furthermore, we present the system architecture, from hardware and firmware to software. The MIS system is currently being installed at the BNCT facility at the Ibaraki Neutron Medical Research Center in Japan and is planned in the treatment interlock system of APTRON, the Advanced Proton Therapy Facility in Shanghai, China.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY016

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THPOY048

NSLS-II Active Interlock System and Post-Mortem Architecture

timing, status, operation, FPGA

4214

K. Ha, E.B. Blum, W.X. Cheng, J. Choi, Y. Hu, D. Padrazo, S. Seletskiy, O. Singh, R.M. Smith, J. Tagger, Y. Tian, G. Wang, T. Yang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

The NSLS-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) started the user beam service in early 2015, and is currently operating 13 of the insertion device (ID) and beamlines as well as constructing new beamlines. The fast machine protection consists of an active interlock system (AIS), beam position monitor (BPM), cell controller (CCs) and front-end (FE) systems. The AIS measures the electron beam envelop and the dumps the beam by turning off RF system, and then the diagnostic system provides the post-mortem data for an analysis of which system caused the beam dump and the machine status analysis. NSLS-II post-mortem system involves AIS, CCs, BPMs, radio frequency system (RFs), power supply systems (PSs) as well as the timing system. This paper describes the AIS architecture and PM performance for NSLS-II safe operations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY048

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THPOY056

Implementation of SINAP Timing System in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project

timing, proton, extraction, synchrotron

4231

B.Q. Zhao, M. Liu, C.X. Yin, L.Y. Zhao
SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Funding: The project of SINAP Timing System was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11305246).
SINAP v2 timing system was implemented in the timing system of Shanghai Proton Therapy Project. The timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is required not only to generate operation sequence for medical proton synchrotron, but also to realize irradiation flow for beam delivery system. For these purposes, the firmware of SINAP v2 timing system is redesigned to satisfy both event code sequenced broadcasting to generate operation sequence and bidirectional event code transmit to realize irradiation flow. Thanks of the hardware advantage of SINAP v2 timing system, the event receiver (EVR) could transmit event code to event generator (EVG) and then broadcast to timing network by bidirectional transmit ability. By this design, the EVR installed in treatment room has ability to send event code to timing network to stop/start beam during slow extraction. The architecture of the timing system in Shanghai Proton Therapy Project is presented in the paper. The risk analysis is also described in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY056

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