Keyword: focusing
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MOYBA01 Limits and Possibilities of Laser Wakefield Accelerators electron, laser, plasma, coupling 16
 
  • W. Leemans
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  This presentation provides an outlook into the future of laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerators. What has been achieved, what more is possible and what are the limits.  
slides icon Slides MOYBA01 [43.465 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOYBA01  
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MOPMB057 Automatic Microbeam Focusing for X-Ray Microbeam Experiments at the 4B Beamline of Pohang Light Source-II controls, experiment, operation, LabView 220
 
  • K.H. Gil, H. J. Choi, J.-H. Lim
    PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
  
  The 4B beamline of the Pohang Light Source-II performs X-ray microdiffraction and microfluorescence experiments using X-ray microbeams. When performing X-ray micro-experiments, an X-ray microbeam should first be prepared. Up to recently, the microbeams with vertical and horizontal sizes (full width at half maximum) of less than 3 μm have been achieved, by manually adjusting the translations and pitch angles of the vertically and horizontally focusing mirrors, in a Kirkpatrick'Baez (K-B) mirror system. In this research, we developed a program that automates the complex and cumbersome process of microbeam focusing, divided into half-cutting and focusing phases. The developed program was applied to the 4B beamline and enabled the focusing of an X-ray beam to a minimum size within one hour. This paper introduces the algorithms of the program and also examines its performance.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMB057  
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MOPMR039 Review of Emittance Diagnostics for Space Charge Dominated Beams for AWAKE e- Injector emittance, space-charge, quadrupole, radiation 337
 
  • O. Mete Apsimon, G.X. Xia
    UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
  • S. Döbert
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • C.P. Welsch
    The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the Cockcroft Institute Core Grant and STFC.
For a low energy, high intensity beam, total beam emittance is dominated by defocusing space charge force. This is most commonly observed in photo-injectors. In this low energy regime, emittance measurement techniques such as quadrupole scans fail as they consider the beam size only depends on optical functions. The pepper-pot method is used for 2D emittance measurements in a single shot manner. In order to measure the beam emittance in space charge dominated regime by quadrupole scans, space charge term should be carefully incorporated into the transfer matrices. On the other hand, methods such as divergence interferometry via optical transition radiation (OTRI), phase space tomography using 1D projections of quadrupole scans can be suitably applied for such conditions. In this paper, the design of a versatile pepper-pot system for AWAKE experiment at CERN is presented for a wide range of bunch charges from 0.1 to 1nC where the space charge force increases significantly. In addition, other aforementioned methods and respective algorithms are introduced as alternative methods. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMR039  
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MOPMW029 Analysis of Transverse Field Induced by Curved Beryllium Window in Muon Ionization Cooling Cavity cavity, emittance, Windows, acceleration 457
 
  • T.H. Luo, D. Li
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The beryllium windows are used in muon ionization cooling cavity to increase the cavity shunt impedance. The windows are curved for predictable thermal deformation. This curvature also introduces transverse field, which will affect the transverse beam emittance. In this paper, we will analyze this transverse field and evaluate its effect on the emittance cooling.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMW029  
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MOPMY034 The Distributed Bunch Amplifier network, coupling, electron, distributed 573
 
  • M.A. Franzi, A. Jensen, S.G. Tantawi, F. Toufexis, A.R. Vrielink
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  The Distributed Bunch Amplifier (DBA) is a high efficiency RF source that utilizes a phase locked deflecting cavity and output circuit to produce a synchronous beam-wave interaction. The DBA improves on the design of previous embodiments of this technology, such as the Gyrocon*, by implementing a modern decoupled output circuit design and conical PPM beam focusing array in order to scale to higher frequencies and efficiency than previously demonstrated. Presented is a proof-of-concept S-band, 2.856 GHz, device operating with a 60 kV, 8 Amp, electron beam. Each stage of the three-cavity decoupled output circuit is optimized based on complex amplitude and shunt impedance to achieve an electronic efficiency of greater than 90%. Initial numerical analysis of this design indicates that an overall operating efficiency of greater than 70% is feasible. Detailed simulated results of the S-band model and designs to scale this technology to higher power and frequency will be discussed.
* Budker, G. I., et al. "The Gyrocon: An Efficient Relativistic High Power VHF Generator." Part. Accel. 10 (1979): 41-59. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPMY034  
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MOPOR009 The HL-LHC Impedance Model and Aspects of Beam Stability impedance, HOM, octupole, cavity 606
 
  • N. Biancacci, K.S.B. Li, E. Métral, B. Salvant
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the High Luminosity LHC project
The LHC upgrade to the HLLHC foresees new challenging operational scenarios from the beam dynamics point of view. In order to ensure good machine operation and performance, the machine impedance, among other possible sources of instabilities like beam-beam and electron cloud, needs to be carefully quantified profiting also from the current LHC operation. In this work we present the HLLHC impedance model mainly focusing on the contribution of low-impedance collimators and crab cavities: the first reduces the broad-band impedance baseline thanks to the higher jaw material conductivity, the second increases the machine luminosity at the price of increasing the coupled bunch stabilizing octupole current threshold. Other elements like the injection protection absorber (TDI) will be also discussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOR009  
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MOPOW020 Power Improvement of Free-Electron Laser Using Transverse-Gradient Undulator with External Focusing FEL, radiation, undulator, electron 760
 
  • G. Zhou, Y. Jiao, G. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • J. Wu
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • T. Zhang
    SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11475202, 11405187) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2015009)
Resent study [Z. Huang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 204801 (2012)] shows that the transverse-gradient undu-lator (TGU) together with electron beams with constant dispersion can reduce the sensitivity to energy spread for FEL. In this study, we numerically study FEL using TGU with external focusing. In spite of the dispersion varia-tion, through parameter optimization, FEL using TGU with TGU achieves similar radiation to that without ex-ternal focusing. To achieve a high energy exaction effi-ciency, the initial dispersion should be set with a shift from that corresponding to the resonant condition, and a variation of the transverse gradient in different undulator section is preferred. Other approaches, such as tapering and detuning frequency control, are also discussed to further improve the radiation power and are demonstrated with global parametric optimizations base on simulation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOW020  
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MOPOW046 RadiaBeam/SLAC Dechirper as a Passive Deflector wakefield, electron, lattice, diagnostics 817
 
  • A. Novokhatski, A. Brachmann, M. Dal Forno, V.A. Dolgashev, A.S. Fisher, M.W. Guetg, Z. Huang, R.H. Iverson, P. Krejcik, A.A. Lutman, T.J. Maxwell
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • J. Zemella
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: This work was supported by Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
We discuss the possibility of using the RadiBeam/SLAC dechirper recently installed at LCLS for measuring the bunch length of very short bunches, less than 1 fs perhaps as short as 100 atto second. When a bunch travels close to one of the jaws the particles of the bunch get a transverse kick depends upon the position of a particle in a bunch. The tail particles get more kick. The transverse force also gets a nonlinear dependence on the transverse position. The stretched bunch can be measured at the YAG screen that is 100 m downstream the dechirper. The most important aspect of this measurement is that that no synchronization is needed. The Green's function for the transverse kick was evaluated based on the precise wake field calculations of the dechirper corrugated structure*. Using this function we can restore the longitudinal shape of the bunch. This may also help to see if a bunch has any micro-bunch structure.
* A. Noovokhatski "Wakefield potentials of corrugated structures",Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18, 104402 (2015) 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOW046  
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MOPOY029 Transverse Emittance Measurements in CSNS Linac emittance, quadrupole, space-charge, linac 916
 
  • Z.P. Li, Y. Li, J. Peng, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Commissioning of the front-end of the linac at CSNS has been accomplished. Double scanning slit system and wire-scanners were employed to carry out the transverse emittance measurements in both low energy beam transport (LEBT) and medium energy beam transport (MEBT). Different results of different measurement methods are presented and compared. Corresponding codes were developed for each of the emittance measurement methods.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-MOPOY029  
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TUXB01 High Power Radiation Sources using the Steady-state Microbunching Mechanism laser, radiation, storage-ring, FEL 1048
 
  • A. Chao, E. Granados, X. Huang, D.F. Ratner
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • H.W. Luo
    NTHU, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  
  The mechanism of steady-state microbunching (SSMB) was proposed for providing high power coherent radiation using electron storage rings. The mechanism follows closely the RF bunching in conventional storage rings, except that the energy modulation of by an RF system at a microwave wavelength is replaced by a seeded laser in an undulator at an optical wavelength. No FEL mechanism, and thus no FEL energy heating, is invoked. The basic idea is firstly to make the beam microbunched so that its radiation becomes coherent, and secondly to make the microbunching a steady state so that the coherent radiation is maintained at every turn. The combination of the high repetition rate of a storage ring and the enhanced radiation power by a factor of N (the number of electrons in the microbunches within one coherence length) opens the possibility as well as challenges of very high power SSMB sources. To explore its potential reach, we apply SSMB to the infrared, deep ultraviolet and EUV regions and estimate their respective power levels using SPEAR3 as example. Several variants of the SSMB schemes are discussed. A proof-of-principle configuration without an identified testbed is also suggested.  
slides icon Slides TUXB01 [1.602 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUXB01  
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TUPMB033 Design and Construction of the QC2 Superconducting Magnets in the SuperKEKB IR solenoid, quadrupole, superconducting-magnet, operation 1174
 
  • N. Ohuchi, Y. Arimoto, N. Higashi, M. Iwasaki, M.K. Kawai, Y. Kondo, K. Tsuchiya, X. Wang, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • H.K. Kono, T. Murai, S. Takagi
    Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe, Japan
  
  SuperKEKB is now being constructed with a target luminosity of 8×1035 which is 40 times higher than the KEKB luminosity. The luminosity can be achieved by the "Nano-Beam" accelerator scheme, in which both beams should be squeezed to about 50 nm at the beam interaction point, IP. The beam final focusing system consists of 8 superconducting quadrupole magnets, 4 superconducting solenoids and 43 superconducting corrector coils. The QC2 magnets are designed to be located in the second closest position from IP as the final beam focusing system of SuperKEKB. The two types of quadrupole magnets have been designed for the electron and positron beam lines. The QC2P for the positron beam is designed to generate the field gradient, G, of 28.1 T/m and the effective magnetic length, L, of 0.4099 m at the current, I, of 877.4 A. The QC2E for the electron beam line is designed to generate G=28.44 T/m and L=0.537 mm, 0.419 mm (for QC2LE, QC2RE) at I=977 A. In the paper, we will present the designs and the constructions of the two types of the quadrupole magnets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMB033  
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TUPMR004 Simulations of High Current NuMI Magnetic Horn Striplines at FNAL simulation, proton, experiment, target 1230
 
  • T. Sipahi, S. Biedron, S.V. Milton
    CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
  • J. Hylen, R.M. Zwaska
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Both the NuMI (Neutrinos and the Main Injector) beam line, that has been providing intense neutrino beams for several Fermilab experiments (MINOS, MINERVA, NOVA), and the newly proposed LBNF (Long Baseline Neutrino Facility) beam line which plans to produce the highest power neutrino beam in the world for DUNE (the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) need pulsed magnetic horns to focus the mesons which decay to produce the neutrinos. The high-current horn and stripline design has been evolving as NuMI reconfigures for higher beam power and to meet the needs of the LBNF design. The CSU particle accelerator group has aided the neutrino physics experiments at Fermilab by producing EM simulations of magnetic horns and the required high-current striplines. In this paper, we present calculations, using the Poisson and ANSYS Maxwell 3D codes, of the EM interaction of the stripline plates of the NuMI horns at critical stress points. In addition, we give the electrical simulation results using the ANSYS Electric code. These results are being used to support the development of evolving horn stripline designs to handle increased electrical current and higher beam power for NuMI upgrades and for LBNF  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR004  
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TUPMR017 Computer Modeling of Magnet for SC200 Superconducting Cyclotron cyclotron, extraction, proton, simulation 1265
 
  • N.A. Morozov, O. Karamyshev, G.A. Karamysheva, E.V. Samsonov, G. Shirkov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • Y.F. Bi, G. Chen, K.Z. Ding, Sh. Du, H. Feng, J. Ge, J. Li, X. Liu, Y. Song, J. Zheng
    ASIPP, Hefei, People's Republic of China
  
  The superconducting cyclotron SC200 for proton therapy is designing by ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia) will be able to accelerate protons to the energy 200 MeV with the maximum beam current of 1 mkA. By computer simulation with 3D codes the cyclotron magnet principal parameters were estimated (pole radius 0.62 m, outer diameter 2.2 m, valley depth 0.3 m, height 1.22 m, weight ~30 t). The required isochronous magnetic field is shaped with accuracy some mT. Four fold symmetry and spiralized sectors with minimal gap 4 mm at extraction provide the stable beam acceleration till 10 mm from the pole edge.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMR017  
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TUPMY014 Muon Acceleration Concepts for Future Neutrino Factory linac, acceleration, SRF, cryomodule 1574
 
  • S.A. Bogacz
    JLab, Newport News, Virgina, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the Muon Accelerator Program
Here, we summarize current state of concept for muon acceleration aimed at future Neutrino Factory. The main thrust of these studies was to reduce the overall cost while maintaining performance through exploring interplay between complexity of the cooling systems and the acceptance of the accelerator complex. To ensure adequate survival of the short-lived muons, acceleration must occur at high average gradient. The need for large transverse and longitudinal acceptances drives the design of the acceleration system to initially low RF frequency, e.g. 325 MHz, and then increased to 650 MHz, as the transverse size shrinks with increasing energy. High-gradient normal conducting RF cavities at these frequencies require extremely high peak-power RF sources. Hence superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are chosen. Here, we considered two cost effective schemes for accelerating muon beams for a stagable Neutrino Factory: Exploration of the so-called 'dual-use' linac concept, where the same linac structure is used for acceleration of both H− and muons and alternatively, the SRF efficient design based on multi-pass (4.5) 'dogbone' RLA, extendable to multi-pass FFAG-like arcs. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMY014  
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TUPMY038 Preliminary Measurement of the Transfer Matrix of a TESLA-type Cavity at FAST cavity, simulation, HOM, experiment 1632
 
  • A. Halavanau, P. Piot
    Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
  • N. Eddy, D.R. Edstrom, A. Lunin, P. Piot, J. Ruan, J.K. Santucci, J.K. Santucci, N. Solyak
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-SC0011831 with Northern Illinois University. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance LLC under US DOE contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
Superconducting linacs are capable of producing intense, ultra-stable, high-quality electron beams that have widespread application in Science and Industry. Many current and planned projects employ 1.3-GHz 9-cell superconducting cavities of the TESLA design*. In the present paper we discuss the transverse-focusing properties of such a cavity and non-ideal transverse-map effects introduced by field asymmetries in the vicinity of the input and high-order-mode radiofrequency (RF) couplers**. We especially consider the case of a cavity located downstream of an RF-gun in a setup similar to the photoinjector of the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. Preliminary experimental measurements of the CC2 cavity transverse matrix were carried out at the FAST facility. The results are discussed and compared with analytical and numerical simulations.
* A. Aunes et al., Phys. Rev.ST Accel. Beams 3, 092001 (2000).
** P. Piot, el. al., Proc. 2005 Part. Accel. Conf., Knoxville, TN, p. 4135 (2005). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPMY038  
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TUPOR002 Residual Ion Dynamics in ThomX Electron Storage Ring ion, storage-ring, electron, dipole 1648
 
  • A.R. Gamelin, C. Bruni
    LAL, Orsay, France
  
  Funding: Work is supported by ANR-10-EQPX-51, by grants from Région Ile-de-France, IN2P3 and Pheniics Doctoral School.
ThomX is a compact Compton Backscattering Source (CBS) which is being built in Orsay, France. Ions produced from residual gas in the storage ring can induce several instabilities. However the electron beam stability is crucial to attain the nominal performances foreseen. In order to prevent instabilities ion cleaning is considered. Complete studies of the beam effect on the ions have been undertaken. It shows that there are preferential ion accumulation points depending on the storage ring lattice. This paper will detail the ion longitudinal and transverse dynamics considering the optics of ThomX storage ring. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOR002  
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TUPOW004 Status of the STAR Project laser, electron, controls, vacuum 1747
 
  • A. Bacci, I. Drebot, L. Serafini, V. Torri
    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
  • R.G. Agostino, R. Barberis, M. Ghedini, F. Martire, C. Pace
    UNICAL, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
  • D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, J.J. Beltrano, F.G. Bisesto, G. Borgese, B. Buonomo, G. Di Pirro, G. Di Raddo, A. Esposito, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, F. Iungo, L. Pellegrino, A. Stella, C. Vaccarezza
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • A. Cianchi
    INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy
  • G. D'Auria, A. Fabris, M. Marazzi
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  • V. Petrillo
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • E. Puppin
    Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
  • M. Rossetti Conti
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
  
  This paper reports on the final design and the work in progress on the STAR project (IPAC2014:WEPRO115), which is under construction at the Univ. of Calabria (Italy). The project is devoted to the construction of an advanced Thomson source of monochromatic tunable, ps-long, polarized X-ray beams, ranging from 40 up to 140 KeV . At present the buildings and main plants have been completed as the acquisition of main components: the RF photo-injector, the accelerating section, laser systems for collision and photo-cathode, RF Power Source and magnets are ready to start installation and site acceptance tests. The design of laser lines is complete and simulated by ZEMAX, aiming to minimize energy losses, optical distortions and providing a tunable experimental setup as well. The RF power network is close to be tested, it's based on a 55MW (2.5us pulse) S-band Klystron driven by a 500kV Pulse Forming Network based modulator and a Low Level RF system, running at 100 Hz. The Control System is been designed using EPICS and allows to manage easily and fastly each machine parameter. We expect to start commissioning the machine by the end of 2016 and obtain the first collisions within the first part of 2017.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOW004  
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TUPOW022 Hybrid Electron Linac With Standing and Travelling Wave Accelerating Sections linac, impedance, coupling, electron 1791
 
  • S.V. Matsievskiy, A.V. Bulanov, V.I. Kaminskiy, E.A. Savin, N.P. Sobenin
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  • R.Yu. Alekhanov
    NRNU, Moscow, Russia
  
  Hybrid electron linacs with standing and travelling wave accelerating sections are not well described in literature. Limited number of studies have shown that application of these systems makes it possible to develop a compact linac with high efficiency and simpler power system. Typically, these systems use well-studied bi-periodical accelerating structure (BAS) cells for a standing wave section and disc-loaded waveguides (DLW) for a traveling wave section. This paper describes the development of such system using DLW cells with magnetic coupling (DLW-M). Here BAS appears as an absorbing load connected to the DLW-M accelerating structure by rectangular waveguide allowing to have theoretical zero reflection at RF input. Such system also provides possibility of plain beam output energy adjustment. Studies of the structure were carried out using equivalent circuits methods and numerical 3D-modeling. Beam dynamics was calculated.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOW022  
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TUPOY041 A Metal-Dielectric Micro-Linac for Radiography Source Replacement linac, electron, vacuum, coupling 1992
 
  • A.V. Smirnov, S. Boucher, S.V. Kutsaev
    RadiaBeam Systems, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • R.B. Agustsson, R.D.B. Berry, J.J. Hartzell, J. McNevin, A.Y. Murokh
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  • G. Leyh
    LOD, Brisbane, USA
  • E.A. Savin
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  Funding: * US Department of Energy Contract # DE-SC0011370
To improve public security and prevent the diversion of radioactive material for Radiation Dispersion Devices, RadiaBeam is developing an inexpensive, portable, easy-to-manufacture linac structure to allow effective capture of a ~13 keV electron beam injected from a conventional electron gun and acceleration to a final energy of ~ 1 MeV. The bremsstrahlung X-rays produced by the electron beam on a high-Z converter at the end of the linac will match the penetration and dose rate of a typical ~100 Ci or more Ir-192 source. The tubular Disk-and-Ring structure under development consists of metal and dielectric elements that reduce or even eliminate multi-cell, multi-step brazing. This may allow significant simplification of the fabrication process to enable inexpensive mass-production required for replacement of the ~55,000 radionuclide sources in the US 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-TUPOY041  
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WEYA01 Beam Physics and Technical Challenges of the FRIB Driver Linac linac, solenoid, ion, cavity 2039
 
  • Y. Yamazaki, H. Ao, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, C. Compton, K.D. Davidson, A. Facco, F. Feyzi, P.E. Gibson, T. Glasmacher, Z.Q. He, L.T. Hoff, K. Holland, M. Ikegami, S.M. Lidia, Z. Liu, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, S.J. Miller, D. Morris, J. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, G. Pozdeyev, T. Russo, K. Saito, S. Shanab, G. Shen, S. Stark, H. Tatsumoto, R.C. Webber, J. Wei, T. Xu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao, Z. Zheng
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • K. Dixon, V. Ganni
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • A. Facco
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • K. Hosoyama, M. Masuzawa, K. Tsuchiya
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M.P. Kelly, P.N. Ostroumov
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • R.E. Laxdal
    TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
The FRIB driver linac accelerates all the stable ion beams including uranium over 200 MeV/u with a CW beam power of 400 kW in order to produce isotopes as rare as possible. Except for 0.5 MeV/u RFQ, the linac is making use of superconducting (SC) RF technology. The beam power, which is an order of 2.5 as high as those of existing SC heavy ion linac, gives rise to many technical challenges as well as beam physics related ones. In particular, the uranium beam loss power density is approximately 30 times as high as the proton one with the same beam energy per nucleon and the same beam power. For this reason, the machine protection system needs a special care. Another example of the technical challenges is to install beam focusing solenoid as close as possible to SC cavities in order to ensure the frequent beam focusing both longitudinally and transversely. The talk reviews all these challenges with development results of their mitigation as well as construction status. 		 
slides icon Slides WEYA01 [16.820 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEYA01  
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WEPMR007 Electron Lens Construction for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab electron, gun, solenoid, optics 2271
 
  • M.W. McGee, K. Carlson, L.E. Nobrega, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is proposed for operation at Fermilab. The goal of IOTA is to create practical nonlinear accelerator focusing systems with a large frequency spread and stable particle motion. The IOTA is a 40 m circumference, 150 MeV (e-), 2.5 MeV (p+) diagnostic test ring. Construction of an electron lens for IOTA is necessary for both electron and proton operation. Components required for the Electron Lens design include; a 0.8 T conventional water-cooled main solenoid, and magnetic bending and focusing elements. The foundation of the design relies on repurposing the Fermilab Tevatron Electron Lens II (TELII) gun and collector under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMR007  
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WEPMY016 Development of RF System for Measuring Plasma Density Modulation of Proton Beam-driven Plasma Wakefield plasma, simulation, wakefield, proton 2582
 
  • S.Y. Kim, M. Chung
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  
  Proton beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration technique using the proton beam of Super Proton Syn-chrotron (SPS) at CERN has been actively researched these days. Plasma density modulation due to the proton beam will generate high-gradient's electric field within the modulated plasma. The key role is Self-Modulation Instability (SMI) of the long proton beam. To understand SMI phenomena, we have studied RF system such as heterodyne system for measuring modulated plasma den-sity caused by the SMI. In this work, we design the details of the RF system and optical system of focusing millimetre-sized electromagnetic wave using CODE V and plasma-electromagnetic wave interactions using simulation tools.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY016  
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WEPMY022 Homogeneous Focusing of Train of Short Relativistic Electron Bunches by Plasma Wakefield plasma, wakefield, electron, simulation 2599
 
  • V.I. Maslov, I.N. Onishchenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  • I.P. Levchuk (Yarovaya)
    KhNU, Kharkov, Ukraine
  
  The focusing of bunches by wakefield, excited in plasma by resonant sequence of relativistic electron bunches (repetition frequency of the bunches coincides with the plasma frequency), is inhomogeneous. In this paper we investigate wakefield plasma lens, in which all bunches of sequence are focused identically and uniformly, for short relativistic electron bunches. For this it is necessary that the charge of 1-st bunch is smaller in determined times than the charges of the other bunches, the interval between back front of 1-st bunch and 1-st front of 2-nd bunch equals determined value, the interval between back front of N-th bunch and 1-st front of (N+1)-th bunch for all other bunches is multiple to excited wavelength. It is shown that only 1-st bunch is in finite Ez≠0. Other bunches are in zero longitudinal electrical wakefield. Hence the 1-st bunch interchange by energy with wakefield. The subsequent bunches don't interchange by energy with wakefield and the amplitude of wakefield doesn't change along sequence. Radial wake force Fr in regions, occupied by bunches, is approximately constant along bunches.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY022  
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WEPMY023 Self-focusing and Wakefield-focusing of Relativistic Electron Bunches in Plasma wakefield, plasma, electron, space-charge 2602
 
  • V.I. Maslov, I.P. Levchuk (Yarovaya), I.N. Onishchenko
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
  
  It was shown that at the wakefield excitation by electron bunch, the length of which is equal to half of the wavelength, the ratio of wakefield focusing to self-focusing is large at the end of the bunch, the shape of which is such that it falls from the current maximum value in the head of the bunch to zero at the end of the bunch. However, the ratio of wakefield focusing to self-focusing tends to zero at the end of the bunch, if the current increases along the bunch from zero in the head of the bunch to a maximum value at the end of the bunch. In the case of homogeneous bunch with sharp edges, the length of which is several plasma wavelength, the self-focusing force Fs is constant along the bunch, and wakefield force of focusing changes from -Fs to Fs. In the case of homogeneous bunch with precursor of half current and length, equal to half of wavelength, focusing of bunch is determined by the homogeneous self-focusing force and wakefield focusing force equals zero. Cases of rectangular and Gaussian bunches, the length of which is equal to half of wavelength, also were considered.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY023  
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WEPMY033 Intermediate Commissioning Results of the 70 mA/50 keV H+ and 140 mA/100 keV D+ ECR Injector of IFMIF/LIPAC emittance, rfq, operation, solenoid 2625
 
  • B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, S. Chel, R. Gobin, F. Harrault, F. Senée, M. Valette
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • J.M. Ayala, J. Knaster, A. Marqueta, K. Nishiyama, Y. Okumura, M. Perez, G. Pruneri, F. Scantamburlo
    IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
  • P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, G. Phillips
    F4E, Germany
  • L. Bellan
    Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • L. Bellan, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • P. Cara, R. Heidinger
    Fusion for Energy, Garching, Germany
  • R. Ichimiya, A. Ihara, Y. Ikeda, A. Kasugai, T. Kikuchi, T. Kitano, M. Komata, K. Kondo, S. Maebara, S. O'hira, M. Sugimoto, H. Takahashi, H. Usami
    JAEA, Aomori, Japan
  • K. Sakamoto
    QST, Aomori, Japan
  • K. Shinto
    Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
  
  The LIPAc accelerator aims to operate 125 mA/CW deuteron beam at 9 MeV to validate IFMIF's accelerators that will operate in CW 125 mA at 40 MeV. The different subsystems of LIPAc have been designed and constructed mainly by European labs and are being installed and commissioned in Rokkasho Fusion Center. The 2.45 GHz ECR injector developed by CEA-Saclay is designed to deliver 140 mA/100 keV CW D+ beam with 99% gas fraction ratio. Its LEBT presents a dual solenoid focusing system to transport and match the beam into the RFQ. Its commissioning continues in 2016 in parallel with the RFQ installation. The normalized RMS emittance at the RFQ injection cone is to be within 0.25π mm·mrad to allow 96% transmission through the 9.81 m long RFQ. In order to avoid activation during commissioning, an equal perveance H+ beam of half current and half energy as nominal with deuterons is used. In this article, the commissioning results with 110 mA/100 keV D+ beam and 55 mA/50 keV H+ beam are first reported.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPMY033  
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WEPOR053 Software Tools for Emittance Measurement and Matching for 12 GeV CEBAF quadrupole, emittance, GUI, optics 2792
 
  • D.L. Turner
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
This poster discusses model-driven setup of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) for the 12 GeV era, focusing on qsUtility. qsUtility is a set of software tools created to perform emittance measurements, analyze those measurements, and compute optics corrections based upon the measurements. qsUtility was developed as a toolset to facilitate reducing machine configuration time and reproducibility by way of an accurate accelerator model, and to provide Operations staff with tools to measure and correct machine optics with little or no assistance from optics experts. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-WEPOR053  
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THYA01 Advanced Concepts and Methods for Very High Intensity Linacs emittance, space-charge, diagnostics, simulation 3155
 
  • P.A.P. Nghiem, N. Chauvin, D. Uriot
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  • M. Comunian
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • C. Oliver
    CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
  • W. Simeoni
    IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • M. Valette
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  For very high intensity linacs, both beam power and space charge should be taken into consideration for any analysis of accelerators aiming at comparing their performances and pointing out the challenging sections. As high beam power is an issue from the lowest energy, careful and exhaustive beam loss predictions have to be done. High space charge implies lattice compactness making the implementation of beam diagnostics very problematic, so a clear strategy for beam diagnostic has to be defined. Beam halo becomes no longer negligible, and it plays a significant role in the particle loss process. Therefore, beam optimization must take the halo into account and beam characterization must be able to describe the halo part in addition to the core one. This presentation discusses advanced concepts and methods for beam analysis, beam loss prediction, beam optimization, beam diagnostic and beam characterization especially dedicated to very high intensity accelerators.  
slides icon Slides THYA01 [6.177 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THYA01  
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THOBA02 Space Charge Induced Collective Modes and Beam Halo in Periodic Channels space-charge, resonance, emittance, simulation 3165
 
  • C. Li, Zh.C. Liu, Q. Qin, Y.L. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No. 2014CB845501.
The collective mode instabilities of periodically focused high intensity beams based on the Vlasov-Poisson equation are investigated both analytically and numerically. It is found that the broadened collective stop bands resulting from space charge induced structure resonance in long periodic channels predict well the areas where the rms emittance growth accompanied with n-fold phase space structure (beam halo) would take place. We believe that the formed beam halo, which is depicted in action-angle frame, could be understood as a side-effect of the collective beam mode. 		 
slides icon Slides THOBA02 [4.704 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THOBA02  
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THPMB005 Notes on Steffen Parameters of Extended Fringe-Field Quadrupoles quadrupole, real-time, lattice, optics 3226
 
  • V. Balandin, W. Decking, N. Golubeva
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  We consider some theoretical aspects of the Steffen hard-edge model of quadrupoles with extended fringe-fields and discuss possibilities of usage of this model in online beam dynamics applications.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMB005  
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THPMB007 Numerical Computation of Transport Matrices of Axisymmetric RF Cavities for Online Beam Dynamics Applications cavity, linac, transverse-dynamics, linear-dynamics 3233
 
  • V. Balandin, W. Decking, N. Golubeva
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  
  The RF focusing effect plays a considerable role at low particle energies and cannot be neglected in many online beam dynamics applications. Unfortunately, known analytical expressions for the transfer matrix of a cavity typically are applicable only to ultra-relativistic beams and demonstrate notable differences with accurate numerical simulations at low energies. So, in this paper, we present practical numerical algorithm for calculation of the linear transfer matrices of axisymmetric RF cavities which we developed for online modeling of the beam dynamics in the European XFEL linac.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMB007  
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THPMB041 Optics-measurement-based BPM Calibration optics, dipole, factory, injection 3328
 
  • A. Garcia-Tabares, F.S. Carlier, J.M. Coello de Portugal, A. Langner, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, T. Persson, P.K. Skowroński, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, R. Tomás
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The LHC beta functions (β) can be measured using the phase or the amplitude of betatron oscillations obtained with beam position monitors (BPMs). Using the amplitude information results in a β measurement affected by BPM calibration. This work aims at calibrating BPMs using optics measurements. For this, βs from amplitude and phase and normalized dispersion obtained from many different measurements in 2015 with different optics and corrections are analyzed. Simulations are also performed to support the analyses.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMB041  
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THPMR014 Core-halo Limits and Beam Halo-formation Dynamic space-charge, emittance, resonance, plasma 3417
 
  • M. Valette, P.A.P. Nghiem
    CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • N. Pichoff
    CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
  
  In high intensity linear accelerators, space charge related instabilities and effects are the cause of emittance increase and beam losses. The mechanism of halo formation due to a mismatched beam causing parametric resonances and energy transfer between phase-spaces is one of them. The previously defined one dimensional core-halo limit [1][2] was extended to two dimensional distributions [3][4]. This halo characterization method is applied to a classical case of transport for halo formation studies: the transport of a mismatched beam. Our method provides a core-halo limit that matches the expected halo formation mechanism with a very good precision.
* Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 074109 (2014)
** Phys. Plasmas, 22, 083115, (2015)
*** IPAC (2015) MOPWA010
**** TBP 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMR014  
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THPMR030 Results of the Use of Axisymmetric RF Focusing in Proton Linacs at Energies up to 7 MeV linac, proton, cyclotron, rfq 3449
 
  • V.S. Dyubkov, Ya.V. Shashkov
    MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
  
  During a few decades axisymmetric RF structures with a focusing by means of nonsynchronous spatial harmonics of electromagnetic field are offered instead of proven RFQ. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 2 MeV was shown in a number of papers. An effectiveness of these structures in the energy range up to 7 MeV is considered in this paper. Results of an analytical investigation and a numerical simulation of self-consistent proton dynamics are presented and discussed.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMR030  
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THPMR034 Simulation of Single Particle Dynamics in a Compact Planar Wiggler simulation, wiggler, electron, synchrotron 3458
 
  • D.A. Shkitov, A.E. Harisova, Y.N. Sutygina
    TPU, Tomsk, Russia
  
  In this report a description of a simple approach how to simulate a single particle track in a 3D magnetic field using Radia code is presented. Such a simulation maybe useful in order to briefly estimate in a short time the beam dynamics in the magnetic field produced by means of different types of the magnet devices. As an example, a low energy relativistic electron tracking* is performed in a compact 30 cm planar wiggler which produced ~0.4 T magnetic field. The changes of the electron entrance point and motion direction are also available. This simulation is carried out using three-dimensional magnetostatic code - Radia**, where the 4th order Runge-Kutta method was implemented for the trajectory calculations. Since Radia is the Mathematica add-on then a small Wolfram Language code is developed to create the wiggler model, to calculate the electron trajectory and to illustrate the simulation results.
* Knyazik A. et al. Status of UCLA helical permanent-magnet undulator // Proc. of PAC, Canada, WE5RFP076 (2009) 2441
** http://www.esrf.eu/Accelerators/Groups/InsertionDevices/Software/Radia
 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMR034  
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THPOR050 New Working Point for CERN Proton Synchrotron multipole, injection, resonance, proton 3905
 
  • F. Sperati, A. Beaumont, S.S. Gilardoni, D. Schoerling, M. Serluca, G. Sterbini
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The LHC High-luminosity project requests high brightness and intensity beams from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). The generation of such beams is limited due to resonance effects at injection. The impact of resonances can be minimized by performing appropriate correction with dedicated magnets and by optimizing the tune working point. Currently the tune working point at injection is naturally set by the quadrupolar component generated by the one hundred combined function normal conducting magnets installed in the PS, and slightly corrected by low energy quadrupole magnets. In this paper, a study is presented exploiting the use of the available five auxiliary individually powered circuits to adjust the quadrupolar and higher-order multipole components for changing the tune integer at injection. Due to the non-linear contribution of each circuit to the magnetic field distribution a finite-element magnetic model was prepared to predict the required currents in the auxiliary coils. The magnetic model was benchmarked with magnetic measurements and then tested in the PS machine during dedicated machine development times.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOR050  
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THPOY052 Current Status of HES (Hard X-ray EndStation)-2 Beamline at PAL-XFEL detector, laser, optics, diagnostics 4225
 
  • S. Kim, B. Kim, K.H. Nam, J. Park
    PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
  
  HES (Hard X-ray EndStation)-2 beamline is located at the hard X-ray experimental hall at PAL-XFEL. The main objective of HES-2 beamline is to deliver a hard X-ray FEL beam to target materials in such a manner that a coherent diffraction study is possible. This endstation is supposed to provide brilliant hard x-rays and to measure the diffraction patterns with forward scattering geometry. In particular, the instruments are designed for serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) and coherent diffraction imaging (CDI). In this poster, we introduce HES-2 beamline at PAL-XFEL in terms of two perspectives: beamline instrumentation and sample environment. In the instrumentation part, the current status of HES-2 beamline is described in details. This includes beamline layout, x-ray optics, beam diagnositics and the upcoming commissioning plan for HES-2 beamline. In the sample environment part, we aim to present scientific goals based on the sample environments for CXI and SFX respectively. Finally, we discuss the feasible demo-experiments, which is expected to be done in 2016.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ DOI:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPOY052  
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