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Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOXAGM01	Status of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)	cryogenics, quadrupole, collider, dipole	1
	F. Bordry CERN, Geneva
	The status of the LHC commissioning is presented. Preparation for smooth beam commissioning is going on since several years: very thorough commissioning of the highly complex hardware systems started already in 2005 preparation of the LHC beam commissioning, resulting in detailed procedures for various commissioning phases with increasing beam intensity and performance preparation of the injector complex, with beam up to the end of the transfer lines between SPS and LHC.
	Slides

MOZDM01	LHC Hardware Commissioning Summary	dipole, extraction, cryogenics, instrumentation	56
	R. I. Saban CERN, Geneva
	The presentation summarizes the main phases of the LHC hardware commissioning and discusses especially the powering of one completer sector to the nominal current.
	Slides

MOPC007	Status and Upgrade Program of the FERMI@ELETTRA Linac	linac, laser, gun, klystron	79
	G. D'Auria, A. O. Borga, S. Di Mitri, O. Ferrando, G. C. Pappas, A. Rohlev, A. Rubino, C. Serpico, M. Trovo, A. Turchet, D. Wang ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	FERMI@ELETTRA is a seeded FEL user facility under construction at Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy. It will use the existing normal conducting S-band linac and with the installation of seven accelerating sections received from CERN after the LIL decommissioning, will be operated at 1.2 GeV. After the successful commissioning of the new injector system of ELETTRA, the linac has been disconnected from the storage ring and now is being revised and upgraded with the installation of new important subsystems, i.e., a new photoinjector, bunch compressors, laser heater, additional accelerating structures, etc. Here a description of the upgrade program as well as the ongoing activities on the main parts of the machine are reported and discussed.

MOPC027	A Fast Switching Mirror Chamber for FLASH	feedback, laser, radiation, electron	124
	S. Pauliuk, U. Gensch, R. Heller, M. Sachwitz, H. Thom, D. Thürmann DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen U. Hahn, S. Karstensen, H. Schulte-Schrepping, K. I. Tiedtke DESY, Hamburg
	Switching mirrors are used to provide several beamlines with FEL or synchrotron radiation from one source. Since most users do not need the nominal pulse density, this is a method to supply many experimental groups. So far, the switching process has a duration of several minutes. A study at DESY Zeuthen analyzes the possibility and accuracy of permanent switching, e.g. at half the FEL's pulse frequency of 1 to 10 Hz. A prototype satisfying highest demands on repetition accuracy of the position (below 1 μm) and yawing (about 1 arcsec) is being tested. In the course of the work many technical concepts from industry like PLC or Position-Velocity Streaming found their way into beamline technology, allowing fast proceedings in development.

MOPC078	Tuning and Conditioning of a New High Gradient Gun Cavity at PITZ	gun, electron, emittance, cathode	244
	S. Rimjaem, G. Asova, J. W. Baehr, C. H. Boulware, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Hänel, Ye. Ivanisenko, M. Krasilnikov, S. Lederer, A. Oppelt, B. Petrosyan, T. A. Scholz, A. Shapovalov, R. Spesyvtsev, L. Staykov, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen K. Floettmann, D. Reschke DESY, Hamburg L. Hakobyan YerPhI, Yerevan R. Richter BESSY GmbH, Berlin J. Roensch Uni HH, Hamburg
	A new 1.3 GHz photo cathode electron gun (prototype 4.2) for the Photo Injector Test facility in Zeuthen (PITZ) was tuned in February 2007. The main difference in the mechanical design compared to earlier guns is a significantly improved cooling system. This gun is also the first copper gun cavity where a particle free cleaning using dry ice technique was applied while in the previous guns the high pressure ultra pure water rinsing technique was used. The cavity has been installed in a new Conditioning Test Stand (CTS) at PITZ in autumn 2007. It has been conditioned to an accelerating gradient of 60 MV/m and more. Dark current measurements have been performed to monitor the improvement of conditioning and to compare with the results from the previous guns. In this paper, RF measurement and tuning results as well as results of the conditioning and dark current measurements will be presented and discussed.

MOPC080	Status of the FERMI@Elettra Photoinjector	gun, laser, electron, diagnostics	247
	M. Trovo, L. Badano, S. Biedron, D. Castronovo, F. Cianciosi, P. Craievich, G. D'Auria, M. B. Danailov, M. Ferianis, S. V. Milton, G. Penco, L. Pivetta, L. Rumiz, D. Wang ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste H. Badakov, A. Fukasawa, B. D. O'Shea, J. B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California M. Eriksson, D. Kumbaro, F. Lindau MAX-lab, Lund
	The new FERMI@Elettra photoinjector is presently undergoing high-power testing and characterization at MAX-Lab in Lund Sweden. This effort is a collaboration between Sincrotrone Trieste, MAX-Lab and UCLA. The 1.6-cell RF gun cavity and the focusing solenoid were successfully designed and built by the Particle Beam Physics Laboratory at UCLA, delivered to Sincrotrone Trieste at the beginning of 2008, and installed in the linac tunnel at MAX-Lab. Use of the MAX-Lab facility will allow the FERMI project to progress significantly with the photoinjector while waiting for the completion of the new linac building extension at Sincrotrone Trieste. We report here on the high-power conditioning of the RF cavity and the first beam tests. Furthermore, a preliminary characterization of the 5 MeV beam will also be presented.

MOPC085	High Power Neutron Converter for Low Energy Proton/Deuteron Beams: Liquid Metal Driving System	target, radiation, proton, vacuum	256
	M. F. Blinov, V. A. Golikov, V. Gubin, M. A. Kholopov, P. V. Logachev, V. S. Popov, S. V. Shiyankov, I. E. Zhul BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Nowadays in BINP, Russia, the high-power high-temperature rotated graphite-made neutron converter is proposed in order to use neutron source for SPES (INFN-LNL, Italy) and SPIRAL-II (GANIL, France). The target is designed to produce up to 10¹⁴ neutron per second within the energy range of several MeV under irradiation by proton/deuteron beam of power up to 200 kW. One of main problem on the converter development is to provide the reliable and effective driving gear and cooling systems. The main elements of the system must be liquid metal pumps and motors, cooling channels and heat exchanger. This paper describes proposed scheme, its basic technical parameters, estimations of the system whole as well as of separate elements. The lead-tin alloy is used as the transmission agent. At present the prototype of liquid metal motor/pump is successfully manufactured and operates for more than 16000 h in continuous regime.

MOPC088	High Power Neutron Converter for Low Energy Proton/Deuteron Beams: Test Facility	target, electron, gun, vacuum	265
	V. Gubin, A. V. Antoshin, M. S. Avilov, M. F. Blinov, D. Bolkhovityanov, V. A. Golikov, M. A. Kholopov, N. N. Lebedev, P. V. Logachev, V. S. Popov, S. V. Shiyankov, A. S. Tsyganov, I. E. Zhul BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	This paper presents conceptual design of test facility, that is now under creation in the framework of development of high power neutron targets for SPES (INFN-LNL, Italy) and SPIRAL-II (GANIL, France). General destination of facility is to test different target systems and elements (hot converter unit, liquid metal driving gear and cooling systems) as well as experimental checking of supply, protection and control methods etc. Also, this facility must be used as a base for input quality control of targets as a whole in future. The structure, general features and experimental possibilities of facility are described.

MOPC099	Ion Catcher System for the Stabilisation of the Dynamic Pressure in SIS18	ion, beam-losses, vacuum, electron	295
	C. Omet, H. Kollmus, H. Reich-Sprenger, P. J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt
	In synchrotrons operated with intermediate charge state heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change of charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms. The resulting m/q deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact on the beam pipe, gas molecules are released by ion stimulated desorption which increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time. In order to suppress and control the gas desorption process, a dedicated ion catcher system incorporating NEG coated surfaces and low-desorption rate materials has been developed and two prototypes were installed in SIS18. The design of the scraper and measured effect on the dynamic residual gas pressure are presented.

MOPC103	Short Circuit Tests: First Step of LHC Hardware Commissioning Completion	extraction, dipole, quadrupole, monitoring	304
	B. Bellesia, E. Barbero-Soto, F. Bordry, M. P. Casas Lino, G.-J. Coelingh, G. Cumer, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, J.-C. Guillaume, J. Inigo-Golfin, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, M. Pojer, R. Principe, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, R. I. Saban, R. Schmidt, H. Thiesen, A. Vergara-Fernández, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva A. Castaneda, I. Romera Ramirez CIEMAT, Madrid
	The Large Hadron Collider operation relies on 1232 superconducting dipoles with a field of 8.33T and 400 superconducting quadrupoles with a strength of 220 T/m powered at 12kA, operating in superfluid He at 1.9K. For dipoles and quadrupoles as well as for many other magnets more than 1700 power converters are necessary to feed the superconducting circuits. Between October 2005 and September 2007 the so-called short circuit tests were carried-out in the 15 underground areas where the power converters of the superconducting circuits are located. The tests were aimed at the qualification of the normal conducting components of the circuits: the power converters, the normal conducting DC cables between the power converters and the LHC cryostat, the interlocks and energy extraction systems. In addition, the correct functioning of the infrastructure systems (AC distribution, water and air cooling, control system) were validated. The final validation test for each underground area was the powering of all converters at ultimate current during 24h. This approach highlighted a few problems that were solved long before the beginning of magnet commissioning and beam operation.

MOPC118	Coordination of the Commissioning of the LHC Technical Systems	dipole, collider, cryogenics, quadrupole	340
	R. I. Saban, B. Bellesia, M. P. Casas Lino, C. Fernandez-Robles, M. Pojer, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, A. Vergara-Fernández CERN, Geneva
	The Large Hadron Collider operation relies on 1232 superconducting dipoles with a field of 8.33T and 400 superconducting quadrupoles with a strength of 220 T/m powered at 12kA, operating in superfluid He at 1.9K. For dipoles and quadrupoles as well as for many other magnets more than 1700 power converters are necessary to feed the superconducting circuits. A sophisticated magnet protection system is crucial to detect a quench and safely extract the energy stored in the circuits (about 1GJ only in one of the dipole circuits) after a resistive transition. Besides, in such complex architecture, many technical services (e.g. cooling and ventilation, technical network, electrical distribution, GSM network, controls system, etc.) have to be reliably available during commissioning. Consequently, the commissioning of the technical systems and the associated infrastructures has been carefully studied. Procedures, automatic control and analysis tools, repositories for test data, management structures for carrying out and following up the tests have been put in place. This paper briefly describes the management structure and the tools created to ensure safe, smooth and rapid commissioning.

MOPC119	Low-Output-Impedance RF System for the ISIS Second Harmonic Cavity	impedance, synchrotron, beam-loading, acceleration	343
	Y. Irie, S. Fukumoto, K. Muto, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki D. Bayley, I. S.K. Gardner, A. Seville, J. W.G. Thomason STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. C. Dooling, D. Horan, R. Kustom, M. E. Middendorf ANL, Argonne, Illinois T. Oki Tsukuba University, Ibaraki
	Low-output-impedance RF system for the second harmonic cavity in the ISIS synchrotron has been developed by the collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory, US, KEK, Japan and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. Low output impedance is realized by the feedback from plate output to grid input of the final triode amplifier, resulting in less than 30 Ω over the frequency range of interest. Precise control of the second harmonic voltage can then be realized without considering beam loading effects. Beam test scenario in the ISIS synchrotron is discussed.

MOPC120	J-PARC RCS Non-linear Frequency Sweep Analysis	resonance, impedance, acceleration, damping	346
	A. Schnase, K. Haga, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	A standard method to measure the S21-transfer function of a system of amplifier and cavity involves a network analyzer and a linear or logarithmic frequency sweep. However, to characterize the transfer function of the broadband (Q=2) RCS RF system, we measure and analyze several harmonics at the same time under high power ramping conditions. A pattern driven DDS system generates frequency and amplitude as in accelerator operation. During the 20ms acceleration part of the cycle, a large memory oscilloscope captures the RF-signals. The data are analyzed off-line with a down-conversion process like in a multi-harmonic LLRF-system, resulting in multi-harmonic amplitude and phase information. Using this setup in the cavity test phase we were able to find and cure resonances before installation into the tunnel. We show examples. RCS is in the commissioning phase and has reached the milestone of acceleration to final energy and beam extraction. 10 RF systems are in operation, and the low-level RF system controls the fundamental h(2) and the second harmonic h(4). Using a multi-harmonic analysis during beam operation allows checking the RF system behavior with and without beam-loading.

MOPC126	Beam Acceleration with Full-digital LLRF Control System in the J-PARC RCS	injection, acceleration, feedback, synchrotron	364
	F. Tamura, K. Haga, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	In the J-PARC RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) we employ a full-digital LLRF control system to accelerate an ultra-high intensity proton beam. The key feature is the multi-harmonic RF signal generation by using direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology. By employing a full-digital system, highly accurate, stable and reproductive RF voltages are generated in the wide-band RF cavities loaded by magnetic alloy (MA) cores. The beam commissioning of the J-PARC RCS has been started in October 2007. The accelerators, the linac and the RCS, show good stability. The beam orbit and the longitudinal beam shape and phase are reproductive from cycle to cycle especially thanks to the stability of the linac energy, the RCS bending field and the frequency and voltage of the RCS RF. This reproductivity makes the beam commissioning efficient. We present the examples of the orbit signals and the longitudinal current signals. Also, we discuss the longitudinal beam control performance and future plans.

MOPC131	Ions for LHC: Towards Completion of the Injector Chain	ion, injection, proton, acceleration	376
	D. Manglunki, M. Albert, M.-E. Angoletta, G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, P. Belochitskii, E. Benedetto, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, M. Chanel, H. Damerau, S. S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, D. Jacquet, J. M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Kuchler, M. Martini, S. Maury, E. Métral, L. Normann, G. Papotti, S. Pasinelli, M. Schokker, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, J. L. Vallet, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The CERN LHC experimental programme includes heavy ion physics with collisions between two counter-rotating Pb⁸²⁺ ion beams at a momentum of 2.76 TeV/c/nucleon per beam and luminosities as high as 1·10²⁷ cm^-2 s^-1. To achieve the beam parameters required for this operation the ion accelerator chain has undergone substantial modifications. Commissioning with beam of the various elements of this chain started in 2005 and in 2007 it was the turn of the final stage, the Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) following extensive changes to the low-level RF hardware. The major limitations of this mode of operation of the SPS (space charge, intra-beam scattering) are presented, together with the performance reached so far. The status of the pre-injector performance will also be reviewed together with a description of the steps required to reach nominal performance.

MOPC134	The Status of the J-PARC RF Systems	synchrotron, acceleration, injection, linac	385
	M. Yoshii, S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda KEK, Ibaraki K. Haga, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	The first acceleration of a proton beam at the J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron started in October 2007. The R&D for magnetic alloy (MA) loaded rf-systems to realize a high field gradient accelerating system for a rapid cycling machine has been initiated in 1996 with the aim of surpassing standard ferrite loaded cavities. The RCS RF system is broad-band and designed to cover both the RCS accelerating frequency range and the second harmonic for bunch shape manipulation. The optimum Q value of the RCS cavities is approximately 2. This is realized by combining a high-Q parallel inductor with an un-cut core configuration. The beam commissioning of the 50GeV Main Ring synchrotron will start in May 2008. Acceleration and slow-beam extraction are planned for December 2008. In case of the MR RF system, the accelerating frequency swing is small. The Q-value in the order of 20 has been selected to reduce transient beam loading due to the multiple-batch injection scheme. The MR RF cavities realize the Q-value by a cut-core configuration. The details of the RF systems and the results of beam accelerations are summarized.

MOPC151	Status of the Versatile Ion Source VIS	plasma, extraction, ion, proton	430
	F. Maimone, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Gallo, N. Gambino, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli, S. Passarello, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania
	The characteristics of the ideal injector for high power proton accelerators has been studied in the past with the TRIPS ion source built at INFN-LNS, Catania and now in operation at INFN-LNL, Legnaro. The beam production must obey to the request of high brightness, stability and reliability. The new Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is a permanent magnet version of the TRIPS source with a simplified and robust extraction system. It operates up to 80 kV without a bulky high voltage platform, producing multi-mA beams of protons and H²⁺. The description of the source design and the preliminary performance will be presented. An outline of the forthcoming developments is given, with particular care to the use of a low loss dc break and to the use of a travelling wave tube amplifier to get an optimum matching between the microwave generator and the plasma.

MOPD002	Fabrication of ILC Prototype Cavities at Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.	vacuum, target, site, cryogenics	448
	A. J. Favale, M. D. Cole, E. Peterson, J. Rathke AES, Medford, NY
	Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. has recently completed manufacture of four standard 9-cell TESLA-style ILC cavities, six single-cell ILC prototype cavities, six 9-cell symmetric ILC cavities, and one 9-cell re-entrant cavity of the Cornell design. This paper will present an overview of these fabrication projects and of the evolution of AES capability in cavity manufacturing. To date four of the 9-cell ILC cavities have been tested, the six single-cell cavities have been tested, and the 9-cell reentrant cavity has been tested. Preliminary results will be shown.

MOPD004	CPI RF Components for the ILC	klystron, electron, vacuum, gun	454
	T. A. Treado, S. J. Einarson, T. W. Habermann CPI, Beverley, Massachusetts
	Communications & Power Industries, Inc. (CPI) has active programs to refine key components for the European XFEL. These components, the fundamental power coupler and the multibeam klystron (MBK) are also suited for the International Linear Collider (ILC). CPI power couplers are manufactured to our customer's specifications using processes which are standard to the electron device industry as well as processes which are specific to power couplers. We have developed the capability of plating high-RRR copper on stainless steel. We have developed the capability of applying TiN coatings to ceramic windows. Both processes are done in-house under carefully controlled conditions. Both processes have been fully qualified. CPI has manufactured nearly 100 power couplers of various designs. Our presentation will focus on power couplers for the XFEL and the ILC. CPI is currently developing a second-generation, horizontal MBK for DESY. This MBK operates at 10 MW, at an RF frequency of 1.3 GHz, 1.5 ms pulse length, and 10 Hz pulse repetition rate. Our presentation will provide an update on this development program.

MOPD007	Waveguide Directional Couplers for High Vacuum Applications	vacuum, coupling, ion	460
	H. Downs, P. G. Matthews, W. W. Sanborn Mega Industries, LLC, Gorham
	Directional couplers have always been critical elements in the RF feed systems for accelerator structures. Until now, however, such devices have been confined to areas outside of the high vacuum cavity feeds. The level control of the RF signal required at the cavity inputs is continually increasing and it has become apparent that a directional coupler design for the high vacuum side of the system is necessary. The following paper highlights a novel coupler design to allow high vacuum directional couplers to be realized. Results are presented for both electrical and mechanical characteristics for an L-band device.

MOPD010	Design of XFEL facility in Harima	klystron, undulator, site, heavy-ion	466
	T. Kato, M. Fuse, T. Imagawa, Y. Yamano Nikken Sekkei Ltd. S. Itakura, N. Kumagai, K. Oshima, T. Otsuka RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
	The 700m-long 8 GeV XFEL that was launched by RIKEN is now under construction and will be operational in FY 2010. The strong point of the XFEL facility in Japan is compact under keeping high-performance by applying Spring-8 numerous breakthroughs in accelerator-driven light sources technology. In order to support the high-performance of XFEL, the building was designed with a few architectural ideas. In this paper we introduce the design of building foundation and ground so as to control the transformation of floor which the devices are fixed to, and the design of air conditioning so as to control the temperature change around the devices.

MOPD016	ALS Storage Ring RF System Upgrade	klystron, storage-ring, power-supply, booster	478
	K. M. Baptiste, J. Julian, S. Kwiatkowski LBNL, Berkeley, California
	ALS is one of the first third generation synchrotron light sources which has been operating since 1992 at Berkeley Lab. Presently, the ALS Storage Ring System is comprised of a single 330kW klystron feeding two normal-conducting single-cell RF cavities via a WR1800 circulator and magic-tee transmission system. The klystron has operated well beyond its expected lifetime and even though replacement klystrons are available from a different manufacturer, we have opted to build the replacement amplifier with a system of four Inductive Output Tubes, (IOT). The new amplifier system will use Cavity Combiners (CaCo) to combine IOT outputs and a magic-tee to combine IOT pairs to feed the existing transmission line connected to the cavities. The existing HVPS will be upgraded to interface with the four IOT amplifiers and its crowbar will be replaced with a series solid-state switch. The system is being designed to operate with the industry standard external cavity IOTs (80kW) and integral cavity IOTs (90-100kW). In this paper we will present the details of the upgrade of each of the sub-systems in the ALS Storage Ring RF System.

MOPD017	G4Beamline Program for Radiation Simulations	simulation, radiation, shielding, target	481
	K. B. Beard, T. J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia P. Degtiarenko Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	G4beamline, a program that is an interface to the Geant4 toolkit that we have developed to simulate accelerator beamlines, is being extended with a graphical user interface to quickly and efficiently model experimental equipment and its shielding in experimental halls. The program is flexible, user friendly, and requires no programming by users, so that even complex systems can be simulated quickly. This improved user interface is of much wider application than just the shielding simulations that are the focus of this project. As an initial application, G4beamline is being extended to provide the simulations that are needed to determine the radiation sources for the proposed experiments at Jefferson Laboratory so that shielding issues can be evaluated. Since the program already has the capabilities needed to simulate the transport of all known particles, including scattering, attenuation, interactions, and decays, the extension involves implementing a user-friendly graphical user interface for specifying the simulation, and creating general detector and shielding component models and interfacing them to existing Geant4 models of the experimental halls.

MOPD019	Construction and Quality Control of Synchrotron SOLEIL Beam Position Monitors	vacuum, simulation, synchrotron, impedance	487
	E. Cenni, M. Canetti, F. Gangini RIAL VACUUM S.p. A, Parma J. L. Billaud Saint-Gobain C. R.E. E., Cavaillon L. Cassinari, J.-C. Denard, C. Herbeaux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	SOLEIL is a third generation synchrotron light source located near Paris. Due to the high performance required for SOLEIL’s diagnostics, a special production procedure was tailored. During the production of 131 Beam Position Monitors (BPM) more than 500 feedthroughs were inspected; all of them passed strict tests at different stages of the production: Leak test (< 10^-10 mbar l/s), Dimensional control (Displacement <0.050 mm), Vacuum test (Specific Outgassing < 10^-12 mbar l/s cm², Residual Gas Analysis) and Electrical test (Capacitance measure ~8pF, Insulation >50 MΩ, Impedance <0.1 Ω). All the established procedures and tests have been performed in a tight partnership that was more than a simple contractual framework, in which an intensive collaboration led to a knowledge transfer between SOLEIL and Rial Vacuum. The result has been a high percentage of success (few feedthroughs over 500 were replaced) during preliminary tests and a deeper knowledge of “BPM problem solving”; in this article are presented different test procedures to obtain high quality and high performance BPMs.

MOPD024	RF Power System for the IFMIF-EVEDA Prototype Accelerator	power-supply, rfq, radio-frequency, linac	496
	I. Kirpitchev, M-A. Falagán, A. Ibarra, P. Méndez, M. Weber CIEMAT, Madrid M. Desmons, A. Mosnier CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA cw deuteron accelerator prototype for verifying the validity of the accelerator design for IFMIF. The RFQ, matching section and DTL resonant cavities must be fed with continuous RF power at 175 MHz frequency with an accuracy of 1% in amplitude and ± 1° in phase. Currently two possible solutions for the DTL design are considered. The first option consists of normal conducting (NC) Alvarez type cavities and the second option consists of superconducting (SC) Half Wave Resonator cavities. Both options impose different demands on the RF system which are analyzed in this paper. The RF power system will be made of several amplification stages and will be based on vacuum tube amplifiers. The main characteristics of RF system including those of the high voltage power sources required to feed the anodes of the high power tubes will be presented in this paper.

MOPD027	AMC-based Radiation Monitoring System	radiation, monitoring, power-supply, electron	505
	D. R. Makowski, A. Napieralski, A. Piotrowski TUL-DMCS, Łódź S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg
	This paper reports a novel radiation monitoring system able to monitor gamma and neutron radiation in an accelerator tunnel in the nearest proximity of the electronic components of the control system. The monitoring system is designed as an Advanced Mezzanine Module (AMC) and it is dedicated for the Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) control system based on the Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA). The AMC module is able to communicate with LLRF control system using both I2C interface defined by Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) standard and PCI Express. The measured gamma radiation dose and neutron fluence are sent to data acquisition computer using Ethernet network and stored in a database. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is applied as a neutron dosimeter. The principle of the detector is based on the radiation effect initiating the Single Event Upsets (SEUs) in a high density microelectronic SRAMs. A well known RadFET dosimeter is used to monitor gamma radiation.

MOPD028	Radio Frequency Power Sources for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment	power-supply, cathode, vacuum, monitoring	508
	J. F. Orrett, P. A. Corlett, A. J. Moss, J. H.P. Rogers STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire C. J. White STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	For any future Neutrino Factory the accelerator aperture will be a major cost driver. Potentially the aperture can be reduced and significant capital savings made if ionisation cooling is utilised on the muon beam. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of ionisation cooling a demonstrator needs to be built and operated. MICE, the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment is that demonstrator. The RF requirements of MICE will be met using high power vacuum tube based RF circuits donated by LBNL and CERN. This paper will discuss these circuits, their refurbishment, the construction of HT power supplies and ancillary equipment and high power testing.

MOPD030	The LHC radiation monitoring system for the environment and safety: from design to operation	radiation, monitoring, injection, collider	514
	L. Scibile, D. Forkel-Wirth, H. G. Menzel, D. Perrin, G. Segura Millan, P. Vojtyla, M. Widorski CERN, Geneva
	The RAdiation Monitoring System for the Environment and Safety (RAMSES) has been installed and successfully commissioned. The system was originally designed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it was extended to the CNGS and it is also planned to further extend it to the rest of the CERN accelerators. This state-of-the-art radiation monitoring and alarm system provides permanent ambient dose equivalent rates and ambient dose equivalent measurement in the underground areas as well as on the surface inside and outside the CERN perimeter; it permanently monitors air and water released from the LHC and CNGS installations; it also integrates some conventional environmental measurement such as physicochemical parameters of released water. This paper illustrates the experience gained during the various project phases outlining the problems encountered and the solutions implemented. In addition, it gives a first feedback on the operational experience gained with the CNGS.

MOPD031	Automatic Implementation of Radiation Protection Algorithms in Programs Generated by GCC Compiler	radiation, insertion, synchrotron	517
	A. Piotrowski, D. R. Makowski, A. Napieralski, Sz. Tarnowski TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	Radiation influence on microprocessor-based systems is serious problem especially in places like accelerators and synchrotrons, where sophisticated digital devices operate closely to the radiation source. Reliability of such systems is significantly decreased due to effects like SEU or SEFI. One of the possible solutions to increase radiation immunity of the microprocessor systems is a strict programming approach known as Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance. SIHFT methods are based on the redundancy of variables or procedures. Sophisticated algorithms are used to check the correctness of control flow in application. Unfortunately, manual implementation of presented algorithms is difficult and can introduce additional problems with program functionality cased by human errors. Proposed solution is based on modifications of the source code of the C language compiler. Protection methods are applied at intermediate representation of the compiled source code. This approach makes it possible to use standard optimization algorithms during compilation. In addition, a responsibility for implementing fault tolerant is transferred to the compiler and is transparent for programmers.

MOPD033	The ALBA RF Amplifier System Based on Inductive Output Tubes (IOT)	factory, coupling, power-supply, storage-ring	523
	P. Sanchez, D. Einfeld, M. L. Langlois, F. Pérez ALBA, Bellaterra J. Alex, A. Spichiger, J. Stahl Thomson Broadcast & Multimedia AG, Turgi C. Bel, G. Peillex-Delphe, P. Ponard TED, Thonon
	The ALBA accelerator RF systems include a complete new transmitter developed in collaboration between Thomson Broadcast & Multimedia (TBM), Thales Electron Devices (TED) and CELLS. A new IOT version, based on the previous TH793 has been developed by TED: the TH793-1, dedicated to scientific applications. It has demonstrated cw operation up to 90 kW at 500 MHz. In addition, a TH18973 LS cavity has also been developed, featuring a 6”1/8 coaxial RF output, an optimized cooling system and centred operation at 500 MHz, 7 MHz bandwidth and ± 5 MHz tuning range. TBM developed a new amplifier system to achieve high reliability and performance. Each IOT is powered by an individual power supply based on the Pulse Step Modulator technology. The amplifier control system was designed on a PLC controller with the possibility to interface with the Tango control system. The first amplifier was delivered to ALBA in summer 2007 and is already in use for the conditioning and testing of the first RF cavity. The remaining 13 amplifiers will be delivered in the second half of 2008. The paper gives an overview on the design and operation performance during commissioning and cavity testing.

MOPD034	Status of the High Power, Solid-State RF Amplifier Development at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro	power-supply, synchrotron, extraction, coupling	526
	F. Scarpa, A. Facco, D. Zenere INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	The development of high power, unconditionally stable solid-state amplifiers for superconducting low-beta cavities, performed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in the framework of the EURISOL Design Study, has led to the construction and testing of two, newly designed 10 kW units that can be used both individually or coupled together to obtain a 20 kW source. Characteristic of this family of amplifiers, based on parallel assemblies of 300W modules equipped with mosfets and individual circulators, is their possibility of operating in any matching conditions and also, at a reduced power, in case of failure of one mosfet. Characteristics of the amplifiers and of the high power combiner will be described, and their performance and test results will be reported.

MOPD037	Safety Testing for LHC Access System	site, simulation, monitoring, extraction	532
	F. Valentini, T. Ladzinski, P. Ninin, L. Scibile CERN, Geneva
	This paper presents the validation and verification activities carried out for the LHC Access Control and Safety System. It also presents a new strategy for the future that includes the application of formal methods based on model checking techniques, commonly used to prove the correctness of software algorithms or system functional specifications through automatic exploration of the system state space. We will show how to apply these techniques in order to automate the testing process. The paper also presents the results of the performances and the applicability of a series of tools that have been tested in order to carry out a formal correctness proof for the LHC Access System.

MOPD039	The Personnel Safety System of the Elettra Booster	booster, storage-ring, radiation, injection	538
	K. Casarin, L. Battistello, S. Fontanini, F. Giacuzzo, M. Lonza, E. Quai, S. Sbarra, G. Tromba, A. Vascotto, L. Zambon ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The new injector of the Elettra storage ring is based on a 100 MeV linac feeding a 3 Hz booster synchrotron. The booster is designed to accelerate the electron beam up to the maximum energy of 2.5 GeV, providing full-energy injection into the storage ring. The Personnel Safety System (PSS) of the new injector protects personnel from radiation hazards by controlling access to restricted areas and interrupting the machine operation in case unsafe conditions occur. The system is based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology providing redundant logic in a fail-safe configuration. This paper describes the radiation safety criteria that have been defined to minimize radiation exposure hazards as well as the technology and architecture chosen for the PSS implementation.

MOPD041	The SSRF Radiation Safety Interlock System	radiation, booster, storage-ring, linac	541
	X. J. Xu, J. H. Cai, J. Cai, K. M. Fang, Z. D. Hua, X. Liu, J. H. Wang, J. Q. Xu SINAP, Shanghai
	Radiation Safety Interlock System (RSIS) for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is composed of two subsystems, the Access Control System (ACS) and the radiation containment system (RCS).The ACS prevents personnel from being exposed to the extremely high radiation inside the SSRF shielding tunnel (or called the interlock area) during machine operation. The RCS prevents personnel from being exposed to the high radiation outside a shielding tunnel during either normal or abnormal operation. The implementation of the ACS is based on the Programmable Logic Controllers, key transfer interlocking systems and IC card system. The RSIS is based on fail-safe, redundancy, multiplicity. Any violation of the RSIS will result in the inhibiting of redundant permission to the associated interlock systems, and cease the injection process and eliminate the entire stored electron beam in the SSRF. This paper describes the design philosophy, the logic, and the implementation of the RSIS at SSRF.

MOPP044	Cavity Diagnostic System for the Vertical Test of the STF Baseline 9-cell Cavity at KEK	monitoring, electron, diagnostics, survey	643
	Y. Yamamoto, H. Hayano, E. Kako, S. Noguchi, M. Satoh, T. Shishido, K. Umemori, K. Watanabe KEK, Ibaraki S.-I. Moon POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk H. Sakai, K. Shinoe ISSP/SRL, Chiba Q. J. Xu IHEP Beijing, Beijing
	Four 9-cell cavities, which are TESLA-type 9-cell cavities, were developed and tested in KEK for the future ILC project. A simple cavity diagnostic system was introduced to search the heating spot and to detect the x-ray emission. It is composed of the carbon resistors and the PIN photo diodes. They were attached on the equator of the cell, around the HOM couplers and on the end flanges. They were very effective to search the heating spot and to detect the x-ray emission during the vertical tests. All cavities eventually had the heating spot around the equator in the final state of the vertical test. It is conceivable that the quality of the electron beam welding was somewhat poor, when the dumbbells were connected. On this February, a new vertical test facility will be completed in STF (Superconducting RF Test Facility). Six 9-cell cavities will be tested by using the new system for S0 plan, which goal is the higher accelerating gradient for ILC. The new temperature and x-ray mapping system and new DAQ system will be introduced. This paper reports the recent status in the new vertical test facility in KEK-STF.

MOPP076	L-Band RF Gun with a Thermionic Cathode	gun, cathode, simulation, emittance	727
	S. Nagaitsev, R. Andrews, M. Church, A. Lunin, O. A. Nezhevenko, N. Solyak, D. Sun, V. P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In this talk we present a design for an L-band (1.3 GHz) rf gun with a two-grid thermionic cathode assembly. The rf gun is design to provide a 10-mA average beam current for 1ms at 5 Hz. These parameters match the requirements of both the ILC and Fermilab Project X test facilities. In our simulations we are able to attain the bunch length at 20-30 degrees (FW), while the output energy can vary 2-4 MeV. We will present the results of our simulations as well as preliminary designs.

MOPP081	Engineering Design of a PETS Tank Prototype for CTF3 Test Beam Line	vacuum, beam-losses, alignment, damping	739
	D. Carrillo, L. García-Tabarés, J. L. Gutierrez, I. Rodriguez, E. Rodríguez García, S. Sanz, F. Toral CIEMAT, Madrid G. Arnau-Izquierdo, N. C. Chritin, S. Doebert, G. Riddone, I. Syratchev, M. Taborelli CERN, Geneva J. Calero CEDEX, Madrid
	In the CLIC concept, PETS (Power Extraction and Transfer Structure) role is to decelerate the drive beam and transfer RF power to the main beam. One of the CTF3 test beam line (TBL) aims is to study the decelerated beam stability and evaluate PETS performance. The PETS core is made of eight 800 mm long copper rods, with very tight tolerances for shape (± 20 micron), roughness (less than 0.4 micron) and alignment (± 0.1 mm). Indeed, they are the most challenging components of the tank. This paper reports about the methods of fabrication and control quality of these bars. A special test bench has been designed and manufactured to check the rod geometry by measuring the RF fields with an electric probe. Other parts of the PETS tank are the power extractor, the waveguides and the vacuum tank itself. Industry is partially involved in the prototype development, as the series production consists of 15 additional units, and some concepts could be even applicable to series production of CLIC modules

MOPP084	Installation and Commissioning of the RF System for the New Elettra Booster	booster, storage-ring, injection, radiation	745
	A. Fabris, M. Bocciai, L. Bortolossi, M. Ottobretti, C. Pasotti, M. Rinaldi ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The commissioning of the new booster of the Elettra synchrotron radiation source started in Fall 2007. The RF system of the booster is made of a five cells accelerating cavity fed by a 60 kW 500 MHz power plant. The accelerating cavity voltage is ramped along with the booster energy at a 3 Hz repetition rate. The cavity field is controlled by analog feedback loops on amplitude, phase and the resonant frequency. This paper describes the setting into operation of the system and its performances during the commissioning phase of the machine.

MOPP085	Bench Characterization of a Prototype of a 3rd Harmonic Cavity for the LNLS Electron Storage Ring	impedance, electron, storage-ring, synchrotron	748
	R. H.A. Farias, D. A. Nascimento, C. Pardine, P. F. Tavares LNLS, Campinas
	The UVX electron storage ring at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory suffers from longitudinal instabilities driven by a HOM of one of the RF cavities. The operational difficulties related to these unstable modes were successfully overcome by determining the proper cavity temperature set point in combination with phase modulation of the RF fields at the second harmonic of the synchrotron frequency. However, a serious drawback of the method is to increase the energy spread of the electron beam, which is detrimental for the undulator emission spectrum. The use of higher harmonic cavities is a more appropriate technique since it provides damping of the longitudinal modes without increasing the energy spread. A full scale prototype of a 3rd harmonic cavity was manufactured at the LNLS workshops and had its main rf properties measured. Special care was taken to measure the shunt impedance of the fundamental resonant mode since it determines how many cavities will be necessary for the adequate operation of the system, which is designed to operate in passive mode. In this work we present the results of the bench characterization of the cavity.

MOPP086	A Novel Fabrication Technique for the Production of RF Photoinjectors	gun, electron, vacuum, coupling	751
	P. Frigola, R. B. Agustsson, S. Boucher, A. Y. Murokh RadiaBeam, Los Angeles D. Cormier, T. Mahale NCSU, Raleigh L. Faillace Rome University La Sapienza, Roma J. B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish UCLA, Los Angeles, California
	Recent developments in Direct Metal Free Form Fabrication (DMFFF) technology may make it possible to design and produce near netshape copper structures for the next generation of very high duty factor, high gradient radio frequency (RF) photoinjectors. RF and thermal-management optimized geometries could be fully realized without the usual constraints and compromises of conventional machining techniques. A photoinjector design incorporating DMFFF and results from an initial material feasibility study will be reported.

MOPP092	Efficient Fan-out RF Vector Control Algorithm	impedance, coupling, proton	766
	Y. W. Kang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	A new RF vector control algorithm for fan-out power distribution using reactive transmission line circuit parameters for maximum power efficiency is presented. This control with fan-out power distribution system is considered valuable for large scale SRF accelerator systems to reduce construction costs and save on operating costs. Other fixed power splitting systems with individual cavity voltage control at each cavity input may not deliver the power efficiency since excessive power needs to be maintained at each cavity input. In a fan-out RF power distribution system, feeding multiple accelerating cavities with a single RF power generator can be accomplished by adjusting phase delays between the load cavities and reactive loads at the cavity inputs for independent control of cavity RF voltage vectors. In this approach, the RF control parameters for a set of specified cavity RF voltage vectors is determined for a whole fan-out system. The reactive loads and phase shifts can be realized using high power RF phase shifters.

MOPP099	MICE RF System	power-supply, emittance, factory, superconducting-magnet	787
	A. J. Moss, P. A. Corlett, J. F. Orrett, J. H.P. Rogers STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory uses normal conducting copper cavities to re-accelerate a muon beam after it has been retarded by liquid hydrogen absorbers. Each cavity operates at 200MHz and requires 1MW of RF power in a 1ms pulse at a repetition rate of 1Hz. In order to provide this power, a Thales TH116 triode, driven by a Burle 4616 tetrode is used, with each amplifier chain providing ~2.5MW. This power is then split between 2 cavities. The complete MICE RF system is described, including details of the low level RF, the power amplifiers and the coaxial power distribution system.

MOPP103	High Field Gradient RF System for Bunch Rotation in PRISM-FFAG	impedance, power-supply, cathode, synchrotron	796
	C. Ohmori KEK, Ibaraki M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, I. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, Y. Kuriyama, A. Sato, M. Y. Yoshida Osaka University, Osaka Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka
	The PRISM project aims to supply a high quality muon beam using a wide aperture FFAG for mu-e conversion experiment. The low energy muon which has a large momentum spread will be manipulated in the FFAG using a bunch rotation technique with a low frequency RF around 3.5 MHz. Because of a short lifetime of muon, the rotation should be end in 5-6 turns in the FFAG and more than 2 MV is needed. The low frequency RF system using a magnetic alloy is designed to achieve a very high field gradient of more than 200 kV/m. The whole system is designed for a very low duty pulse operation to minimize the cost. The system has been modified to operate at 2 MHz for the beam test using alpha particle. A field gradient of more than 100 kV/m has been obtained by the preliminary test.

MOPP105	Compact, Tunable RF Cavities	booster, proton, synchrotron, vacuum	802
	M. Popovic, C. M. Ankenbrandt, E. Griffin, A. Moretti, R. E. Tomlin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M. Alsharo'a, I. B. Enchevich, R. P. Johnson, S. Korenev Muons, Inc, Batavia
	New developments in the design of fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) synchrotrons have sparked interest in their use as rapid-cycling, high intensity accelerators of ions, protons, muons, and electrons. Potential applications include proton drivers for neutron or muon production, rapid muon accelerators, electron accelerators for synchrotron light sources, and medical accelerators of protons and light ions for cancer therapy. Compact RF cavities that tune rapidly over various frequency ranges are needed to provide the acceleration in FFAG lattices. An innovative design of a compact RF cavity that uses orthogonally biased ferrite for fast frequency tuning and liquid dielectric to adjust the frequency range is being developed using physical prototypes and computer models.

MOPP110	The SNS Resonance Control Cooling System Control Valve Upgrade Performance	resonance, linac, monitoring, feedback	814
	D. C. Williams, J. P. Schubert, J. Y. Tang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The normal-conducting linac of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) uses 10 separate Resonance Control Cooling System (RCCS) water skids to control the resonance of 6 Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and 4 Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) accelerating structures. The RCCS water skids use 2 control valves; one to regulate the chilled water flow and the other is used to bypass water to a heat exchanger. These valves have hydraulic actuators that provide position and feedback to the control system. Frequency oscillations occur using these hydraulic actuators due to their coarse movement and control of the valves. New air actuator control positioners have been installed on the DTL3 RCCS water skid to give finer control and regulation of DTL3 cavity temperature. This paper shows a comparison of resonance control performance for two valve configurations.

MOPP112	Status of the PEFP Superconducting RF Project	superconducting-RF, damping, linac, proton	820
	S. An, Y.-S. Cho, B. H. Choi, C. Gao, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang, L. Zhang KAERI, Daejon
	Superconducting RF project of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) aims to develop a superconducting RF linac to accelerate a proton beam above 80 MeV at 700 MHz. The preliminary design of a low-beta cryomodule has been completed. A low-beta (β=0.42) cavity, a higher-mode coupler and a fundamental power coupler (FPC) for the PEFP cavities have also been designed. A FPC baking system and high power RF conditioning system are under construction. A helium vesel made of stainless steel has been designed. A new tuner has also been designed. Two prototype copper cavities have been produced and tested. The HOM coupler has been measured on the copper cavities. A cryostat for a SRF cavity vertical testing has been designed.

MOPP113	PEFP Dumbbell Frequency and Length Tuning of a Low-beta SRF Cavity	superconducting-RF, linac, proton, target	823
	S. An, Y.-S. Cho, C. Gao, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang KAERI, Daejon L. Zhang Department of Mechanics, Chang’an University, Daejon
	Based on present technology, a dumbbell fabrication is a necessary mid-process for a cavity manufacting process. A dumbbell with a right length and frequency is necessary to build up a desired cavity. In order to obtain the exact frequencies of each individual half cell of a PEFP dumbbell, a new and confirmed measurement method has been established. In this paper, the dumbbell frequency measurement method and the frequency and length tuning practices for a PEFP low-beta cavity have been described.

MOPP115	Production and Qualification of Low Thermal Conduction Suspension Supports for the Cold Mass of Long Superconducting Acceleration Modules	cryogenics, radiation, simulation, site	829
	S. Barbanotti, M. Bonezzi, M. Todero INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) C. Engling, K. Jensch, R. Mattusch DESY, Hamburg
	A post is an assembly of a low thermal conduction composite material pipe (fiberglass pipe) and some shrink-fit aluminum and steel discs and rings, designed to provide a mechanical support and a thermal insulation to the cold mass of the long cryomodules of the TTF, which are foreseen also for the XFEL and ILC. We review here the production, testing and qualification for the production of post supports, which have been successfully provided for the cryomodules of the TTF in DESY, the STF in KEK and ILCTA in FNAL.

MOPP116	Commissioning of the Cornell ERL Injector RF Systems	klystron, linac, diagnostics, factory	832
	S. A. Belomestnykh, J. Dobbins, R. P.K. Kaplan, M. Liepe, P. Quigley, J. J. Reilly, C. R. Strohman, V. Veshcherevich CLASSE, Ithaca
	Two high power 1300 MHz RF systems have been developed for the Cornell University ERL Injector. The first system, based on a 16 kWCW IOT transmitter, is to provide RF power to a buncher cavity. The second system employs five 120 kWCW klystrons to feed 2-cell superconducting cavities of the injector cryomodule. The sixth, spare klystron is used to power a deflecting cavity in a pulsed mode for beam diagnostics. A digital LLRF control stem was designed and implemented for precise regulation of the cavities’ field amplitudes and phases. All components of these systems have been recently installed and commissioned. The results from the first turn-on of the systems are presented.

MOPP120	Full Characterization of the Piezo Blade Tuner for Superconducting RF Cavities	insertion, feedback, cryogenics, superconducting-RF	838
	A. Bosotti, C. Pagani, N. Panzeri, R. Paparella INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) C. Albrecht, K. Jensch, R. Lange, L. Lilje DESY, Hamburg J. Knobloch, O. Kugeler, A. Neumann BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	Cavity tuners are mechanical devices designed to precisely match the resonant frequency of the superconducting (SC) cavity to the RF frequency synchronous with the beam. The blade tuner is mounted coaxially to the cavity and changes the resonator frequency by varying its length. A high tuning range is desired together with small mechanical hysteresis, to allow easy and reproducible resonator setup operations. High stiffness is also demanded to the tuner system both to ensure mechanical stability and to mitigate the frequency instabilities induced by perturbations. In high gradient SC resonators, the main sources of resonant frequency instability are the Lorentz Force Detuning (LFD) under pulsed mode operation, and the microphonic noise, in continuous wave (CW) with high loaded quality factors. Piezoceramic elements add dynamic tuning capabilities to the system, allowing fast compensation of these instabilities with the help of feed-forward and feedback loops. The piezo blade tuner has been extensively tested both at room temperature and at cold once assembled on a TESLA type cavity in its final configuration. This paper presents the summary of the complete characterization tests.

MOPP124	Commissioning of the 400 MHz LHC RF System	klystron, feedback, cryogenics, vacuum	847
	E. Ciapala, L. Arnaudon, P. Baudrenghien, O. Brunner, A. Butterworth, T. P.R. Linnecar, P. Maesen, J. C. Molendijk, E. Montesinos, D. Valuch, F. Weierud CERN, Geneva
	The installation of the 400 MHz superconducting RF system in LHC is finished and commissioning is under way. The final RF system comprises four cryomodules each with four cavities in the LHC tunnel. Also underground in an adjacent cavern shielded from the main tunnel are the sixteen 300 kW klystron RF power sources with their high voltage bunkers, two Faraday cages containing RF feedback and beam control electronics, and racks containing all the slow controls. The system and the experience gained during commissioning will be described. In particular, results from conditioning the cavities and their movable main power couplers and the setting up of the low level RF feedbacks will be presented.

MOPP125	A Superconducting RF Vertical Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory	radiation, shielding, cryogenics, superconducting-RF	850
	P. A. Corlett, R. Bate, C. D. Beard, B. D. Fell, P. Goudket, S. M. Pattalwar STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire P. K. Ambattu, G. Burt, A. C. Dexter, M. I. Tahir Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster
	A superconducting RF vertical test facility (VTF) has been constructed at Daresbury Laboratory for the testing of superconducting RF cavities at 2K. When fully operational, the facility will be capable of testing a 9-cell 1.3 GHz Tesla type cavity. The facility is initially to be configured to perform phase synchronisation experiments between a pair of single cell 3.9GHz ILC crab cavities. These experiments require the cavities to operate at the same frequency; therefore a tuning mechanism has been integrated into the system. The system is described, and data from the initial operation of the facility is presented.

MOPP129	Compensation of Lorentz Force Detuning for SC Linacs (with Piezo Tuners)	linac, resonance, monitoring, radio-frequency	862
	M. K. Grecki, J. Andryszczak, T. Pozniak, K. P. Przygoda, P. M.S. Sekalski TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	The superconducting linacs use niobium cavities working with extremely high quality factor. Therefore the bandwidth of the cavity is very narrow and even subtle deformation caused by Lorentz force detunes the cavity a lot. For high gradient operation (over 15MV/m) the mechanical deformation of the cavity should be compensated by piezo tuner. The paper presents design of a piezo control system and the results of measurements of its efficiency. It was demonstrated in FLASH accelerator that an initial detuning of 300Hz can be compensated by single pulse excitation of the piezo. The described system consist of multichannel programmable pulse generator driving a 8 channel piezo amplifiers capable to supply piezos with pulses up to 1A and up to 80V. It can compensate for Lorentz force detuning in all three FLASH cryhomodules equipped with piezos (ACC3,5,6). Liepe et al. "Dynamic Lorentz Force Compensation with a Fast Piezoelectric Tuner," PAC2001, pp. 1074-1076.

MOPP130	SRF Technology-Past, Present and Future Options	superconductivity, vacuum, electron, radio-frequency	865
	G. Myneni, M. Hutton Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Superconducting radiofrequency cavities for all recent projects (CEBAF, SNS, KEKB, and TTF) have been built from high purity polycrystalline niobium with a residual resistance ratio (RRR) greater than 250. The procedures and processes used from the initial production of the high RRR polycrystalline niobium sheets to the finished cavities are complex, numerous and very expensive, and the yield of SRF cavities meeting the performance specifications is very low. CBMM – Jefferson Lab invented the large grain and single crystal niobium technologies, and the use of niobium sliced directly from the ingots is expected to change the SRF technology outlook with fewer, and more streamlined, production processes that will not only be cost effective but also generate high yield. In this paper we will show that less stringent commercial niobium specifications are required, and explore the processes and procedures that will lay the foundation for producing SRF cavities with good quality factors at high peak magnetic fields in order to make this technology friendlier for future scientific and technological applications.

MOPP148	Design of a Magnetic Shield Internal to the Helium Vessel of SRF Cavities	shielding, linac, superconductivity, background	898
	P. Pierini, S. Barbanotti, L. Monaco, N. Panzeri INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	The TRASCO elliptical cavities for intermediate velocity protons (β=0.47) employ a coaxial cold tuner of the blade type. To meet the perfomance goals of the 700 MHz cavities in the foreseen horizontal cryostat tests, the cavities are being equipped with a magnetic shield which lies internally to the cavity helium vessel and has a simple mechanical design and assembly procedure.

MOPP154	Study of the High Pressure Rinsing Water Jet Interactions	target, linear-collider, collider, superconducting-RF	910
	D. Sertore, M. Fusetti, P. M. Michelato, C. Pagani INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	High Pressure Rinsing (HPR) is an important step in the cleaning of Superconducting Cavities (SC). The understanding of the interaction of the high pressure water jet on the cavity wall is of primary importance for the optimization of this process for upcoming SC based projects like XFEL and ILC. In this paper, we extend our results obtained so far in different labs and present our studies on water jet interaction on oblique surfaces and the possible induced damages.

MOPP162	Titanium Nitride Coating of RF Ceramic Windows by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering	vacuum, lattice, target, electron	931
	V. Variola, H. Jenhani, W. Kaabi, P. Lepercq LAL, Orsay G. Keppel, V. Palmieri, F. Strada INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	Alumina is a common material for RF windows. Besides its high dielectric strength, it is stable under thermal treatment and has a low out-gassing rate. Nevertheless it has a high secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient, which leads to multipactor limiting the achievable RF power. One way to suppress the multipactor on RF windows is to coat it with a low SEE-thin TiN film. In the frame of the LAL coupler program a sputtering bench has been developed. It is equipped with two magnetrons and titanium targets. A special rotating holder was designed to allow uniform deposition on cylindrical windows. RF etching of the substrate as a pre-treatment step is allowed, in order to remove particle contamination and to increase TiN adhesion. The TiN sputtering needs the optimisation of gas and electrical parameters. XRD analysis was performed to check the film composition and stoechiometry. The results show how to control the N2 vacancy acting on the gas flow. In addiction, the coating thickness must be optimized not to cause excessive ohmic heating, so multipactor thresholds measurements were done for different coating thickness. Thickness measurments showed a good uniformity.

MOPP166	Control System for a PEFP FPC Baking System	vacuum, monitoring, proton, superconductivity	940
	L. Zhang, S. An, Y.-S. Cho, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang KAERI, Daejon
	In order to bake PEFP Fundamental Power Couplers (FPC) before their RF conditioning, a PEFP baking system has been designed. A control system for the baking system has been completed by using the Labview 8.2 and A-B SLC-500 PLC. In this paper, the server and client communication technology based on OLE for a Process Control (OPC) and a Labview 8.2 Datalogging and Supervisory Control (DSC) Module are described. The program for the SLC-500 PLC with four I/O modules has been written. The mechanical design and control process are described.

TUXG01	Last Year of PEP-II B-Factory Operation	luminosity, feedback, injection, vacuum	946
	J. Seeman SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The PEP II B-Factory at SLAC has been in operation for a decade, delivering luminosity to the BABAR experiment. The design luminosity was successfully reached after one year of operation and since then it has surpassed over four times design at 1.2 x 10³⁴ cm^-2sec^-1. History of main achievements, high current operation issues, and lessons for the future factories will be presented.
	Slides

TUXM01	Ultra Low Emittance Light Sources	emittance, optics, lattice, damping	988
	J. Bengtsson BNL, Upton, New York
	The talk will cover the special issues for reaching sub-nm emittance in a storage ring. Effects of damping wigglers, intra-beam scattering and life-time issues, instabilities, dynamic aperature optimisation, control of optics, dispersion and orbit correction. Results and example of upgrades to existing machine and NSLS-II and Petra-III should be given. First priority
	Slides

TUZM02	Overview of Fast Beam Position Feedback Systems	feedback, electron, collider, synchrotron	1021
	D. Bulfone ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	Modern circular and linear accelerators often rely on fast beam position feedbacks for the achievement of their design parameters. Such systems have gone through a significant evolution, which has taken advantage of recent progress of the associated equipment, like beam position monitors, as well as of the hardware and software processing technologies. A review of the latest developments and foreseen designs at different accelerators is given.
	Slides

TUPC003	Libera Grouping: Reducing the Data Encapsulation Overhead	feedback, brilliance, monitoring, instrumentation	1041
	A. Bardorfer, T. Karcnik Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan K. T. Hsu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Libera Brilliance is a precision digital Beam Position Monitor, a building block for modern fast orbit feedback systems. Gigabit Ethernet and UDP/IP protocol are used as a standard data link for real-time beam position signal transmission to the central fast feedback CPU engines. While the UDP/IP over Gigabit Ethernet provides a standardized and proven solution that enables the utilization of COTS components, the UDP and IP protocols are subject to a large data encapsulation overhead, since the beam position data payload is relatively small. To overcome this, several Libera Brilliance units (up to 16) have been grouped together in a redundant private network via the LC optical links and/or copper “Molex” cables. The purpose of the private network is to exchange the data among the Libera Brilliance units without the protocol overhead and send the gathered data via Gigabit Ethernet. Any of the Libera Brilliance units in a group can act as a Gigabit Ethernet group transmitter. The private network is redundant and can survive a single cable failure. The data encapsulation overhead has been significantly reduced. Libera Grouping is being tested at NSRRC, Taiwan.

TUPC004	The Diagnostic Line of Elettra Booster 100MeV Pre-injector	diagnostics, bunching, booster, pick-up	1044
	S. Bassanese, L. Badano, M. Bossi, A. Carniel, G. Ciani, S. Di Mitri, M. Ferianis, G. Mian, G. Penco, M. Veronese ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	In order to fully characterize the beam of the new 100MeV linac pre-injector for the Elettra Booster, a standard diagnostic set-up has been designed which includes strip line BPMs, scintillating screens and current transformers. During the initial tuning of the pre-injector, a thermo-ionic gun followed by a 500MHz pre bunching cavity, an S-band bunching structure and two LIL accelerating sections, some extra diagnostics have been used to get a deeper understanding of the pre-injector operating point. In particular some prototypes of the FERMI@elettra diagnostics, installed on the same booster pre-injector, have been used to better characterize the beam transverse and longitudinal beam axis. An improved resolution screen system, equipped with a YAG screen, has been used as well as a wideband longitudinal pick-up. The measurement results as well as the tuning procedure are here presented.

TUPC006	A CompactRIO-based Beam Loss Monitor for the SNS RF Test Cave	beam-losses, radiation, diagnostics, power-supply	1050
	W. Blokland, G. Armstrong ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	An RF Test Cave has been built at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) to be able to test RF cavities without interfering the SNS accelerator operations. In addition to using thick concrete wall to minimize radiation exposure, a Beam Loss Monitor (BLM) must abort the operation within 100 μsec when the integrated radiation within the cave exceeds a threshold. We choose the CompactRIO platform to implement the BLM based on its performance, cost-effectiveness, and rapid development. Each in/output module is connected through an FPGA to provide point-by-point processing. Every 10 μsec the data is acquired analyzed and compared to the threshold. Data from the FPGA is transferred using DMA to the real-time controller, which communicates to a gateway PC to talk to the SNS control system. The system includes diagnostics to test the hardware and integrates the losses in real-time. In this paper we describe our design, implementation, and results.

TUPC015	Data Acquisition and Analysis in SSRF BPM System	storage-ring, booster, electron, closed-orbit	1077
	Y. B. Yan, Y. Z. Chen, Y. B. Leng, W. M. Zhou, Y. Zou SINAP, Shanghai
	The beam position monitor (BPM) system in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is fully (Linac, transfer line, booster and storage ring) equipped with Libera Electron BPM Processors. Primary data acquisition and position calculation has been done in Libera FPGA. EPICS support package developed by Diamond Light Source has been adapted to link BPM system with accelerator control system. Two dedicated soft IOCs are introduced to collect beam position data from all Libera IOCs and calculate RMS noise, histogram, spectrum and phase space, etc. online. Other BPM based analysis is completed via MATLAB scripts. The initial results during booster and storage ring commissioning will be described in this paper.

TUPC019	A Retarding Field Detector to Measure the Actual Energy of Electrons Participating in E-cloud Formation in Accelerators	electron, simulation, power-supply, pick-up	1086
	R. Cimino, M. Commisso, T. Demma, S. Guiducci, P. Liu, A. R. Raco, V. Tullio, G. Viviani INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) P. Vilmercati ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	Electron cloud related phenomena can cause potentially detrimental effects on beam stability in many planned and under construction accelerators. The possibility to reduce such unwanted phenomena lies on the observation that, machine commissioning does reduce Secondary Electron Yield (SEY). Such SEY reduction (scrubbing) is due to the fact that electrons produced during e-cloud formation hit the accelerator wall, modifying their surface properties. ‘Scrubbing” has been studied only as a function of impinging electron dose but never as a function of the e-cloud electron energy. Simulations predict that the e-cloud is formed by electrons with very low energies (<50 eV). Given the potentially lower scrubbing efficiency for equal dose of very low energy electrons compared to medium energy one, it would be important to measure the actual energy of the electrons forming the cloud in real accelerators. For this reason we decided to construct an optimized retarding Field energy electrometer to be installed in accelerators. Here we will describe what solutions have been adopted during the design phase of such “home made” detector and some laboratory test will be showed and discussed.

TUPC022	Non-destructive Beam Position and Profile Measurements Using Light Emitted by Residual Gas in a Cyclotron Beam Line	proton, cyclotron, vacuum, diagnostics	1095
	J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich C. Boehme UniDo/IBS, Dortmund A. H. Botha, J. L. Conradie, M. A. Crombie, J. H. Du Toit, D. T. Fourie, H. W. Mostert, P. F. Rohwer, P. A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West T. Weis DELTA, Dortmund
	Non-destructive beam position and profile measurements were made in the transfer beam line between an 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotron and a 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron that is used for nuclear physics research, radioisotope production and proton and neutron therapy. Light emitted from the beam induced ionization of residual gas particles was measured using a multi-cathode photomultiplier tube (PMT). The PMT was mounted outside the vacuum system on a diagnostic chamber and light passing through a glas window was focused on the photocathode array by means of a lens. The anode currents of the PMT were measured with computer-controlled electronic equipment recently developed for measuring the currents of multi-wire beam profile monitors. Software was developed to control the measurement processes, remove offset values and further process the data digitally. The measured beam positions and profiles were compared with those determined with a multi-wire beam profile monitor for a 3.14 MeV proton beam. It was necessary to shield the PMT from gamma rays generated on nearby slits. The design of the measuring equipment is discussed and the results of the measurements are presented.

TUPC035	The Beam Position Monitor System of the J-PARC RCS	injection, linac, pick-up, vacuum	1128
	N. Hayashi, S. Hiroki, R. Saeki, K. Satou, R. Toyokawa, K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken D. A. Arakawa, S. Hiramatsu, M. Tejima KEK, Ibaraki S. Lee, T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
	The Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system of the J-PARC RCS has been fabricated, installed and operated successfully during the beam commissioning. There are 54 BPMs around the ring and most of them are placed inside steering magnets. The BPM is electro static type and it has four electrodes. A pair of electrode gives a linear response with diagonal cut shape and they were calibrated before their installation. The signal processing unit, which is equipped with 14-bit 14MSPS ADC and 600MHz DSP, has been developed for the system. In order to measure small signal, especially during the initial phase of the commissioning, careful design also done for cabling. The paper presents the current performance of the system.

TUPC038	Filling Pattern Measurement for the Taiwan Light Source	photon, synchrotron, injection, storage-ring	1137
	C. Y. Wu, J. Chen, K. T. Hsu, K. H. Hu, C. H. Kuo NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Filling pattern will affect various operation performance of a synchrotron light source. Measurement of the filling pattern correctly is important. The dedicated filling pattern measurement system has been implemented in 2004 for multi-bunch operation in top-up operation mode. Measurement the purity of an isolated bunch by using time correlated single photon counting method is also addressed. Results are presented in this report.

TUPC050	A Complete Solution for Beam Loss Monitoring	beam-losses, monitoring, vacuum, injection	1170
	M. Kobal, J. Dedic, R. Stefanic Cosylab, Ljubljana J. F. Bergoz BERGOZ Instrumentation, Saint Genis Pouilly
	In particle accelerator facilities knowing the beam loss is crucial for the machine to be running at optimal efficiency. Beam loss can be monitored on different time scales. Time scale of seconds is used at normal operation to detect any irregularities such as changes in the beta function or vacuum drop. Time scale of 1 ms is used to optimize injection, and 1 μs timescale in case of severe problems when the beam does not live for more than a couple of turns. The presented beam loss system (microIOC-BLM) uses Bergoz BLM sensors, Beam loss Signal Conditioner (BSC) for data acquisition and microIOC-CosyIcon as the central processing unit. The system is cost effective, portable and can be expanded with additional measuring points. Selectable counting interval from 100 μs to 10 s covers a large part of the required time scales. The minimum and maximum count rates are limited by the sensor between 1/s to 10 M./s. Trigger and gate signals are supported as is summing over a number of measurements.

TUPC057	Improving the ISIS Emittance Scanner Software	emittance, background, ion-source, ion	1185
	S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The software to drive the slit-slit emittance scanners at ISIS is re-written in C#. The scanner driver routine is enhanced to improve accuracy, and to allow real-time monitoring of the scanning procedure. A multiple document interface allows quick comparison with other measurements and with data from particle tracking codes. Integrated data processing and emittance calculation removes the need to transfer data between multiple software packages, making experimental work more efficient. A user-friendly and robust interface allows easy scanning and generates publication quality emittance plots for presentations.

TUPC059	An Emittance Evaluation Toolbox	emittance, ion, ion-source, simulation	1191
	D. A. Liakin ITEP, Moscow P. Forck, T. Hoffmann GSI, Darmstadt
	A long-time experience in emittance measurements and result evaluation at GSI were transformed into the set of the numerical instruments to perform basic and advanced data analysis for the data obtained in various emittance measurement devices. The common problems and differences between slit-grid-, pepper-pot- and longitudinal emittance data analysis are discussed. Some aspects of non-linear algorithms particularly for the case of non-zero slits or pepper-pot holes are presented.

TUPC060	A Counting Module for an Advanced Ionization Profile Monitor	photon, background, synchrotron, extraction	1194
	D. A. Liakin, S. V. Barabin, A. Y. Orlov ITEP, Moscow P. Forck, T. Giacomini GSI, Darmstadt
	A new multi-channel counting module has been developed for advanced Ionization Profile Monitor applications. The module's maximal performance concerning time resolution is about 10 beam profile measurements per microsecond at the cost of a slightly reduced spatial resolution with 80% accuracy (or better). Module architecture, basic modes of operation and the user interface are discussed. The results of the first test in laboratory and first beam profile measurements are also presented.

TUPC061	Laser Wire Beam Profile Monitor at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)	laser, ion, electron, linac	1197
	Y. Liu, S. Assadi, W. P. Grice, C. D. Long ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	We report the first measurement of a hydrogen ion beam profile in the superconducting linear accelerator (SCL) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) with a laser wire beam profile monitor. The advantage of the laser beam profile monitor includes non-invasive measurement, longitudinal beam scan and multiple station measurement capabilities. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 μm is used to detach electrons from hydrogen ions. The laser has a repetition rate of 30 Hz and a pulse width of 7 ns. Typical pulse energies are 50 - 200 mJ. The laser is physically located outside the SCL tunnel and the ion beam profiles are measured at 9 different locations covering the entire SCL region (~ 200 m). At SNS the beam structure consists of 50 ps long micropulses separation by ~ 2.5 ns and gated into macropulses of up to 1 ms long. The firing of the laser flashlamps is synchronized to the macropulse timing. The collection magnet bends the photodetached electrons out of the beam and into a Faraday cup. Both horizontal and vertical beam profiles (typical width: 2 - 4 mm) can be measured with a resolution of 4 um. Transverse beam scans can be performed throughout the macropulse.

TUPC065	Luminosity Measurement at DAΦNE for Crab Waist Scheme	luminosity, background, simulation, interaction-region	1203
	M. Boscolo, F. Bossi, B. Buonomo, G. Mazzitelli, F. Murtas, P. Raimondi, G. Sensolini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) N. Arnaud, D. Breton, A. Stocchi, V. Variola, B. F. Viaud LAL, Orsay P. Branchini roma3, Rome F. Iacoangeli, P. Valente INFN-Roma, Roma M. Schioppa INFN Gruppo di Cosenza, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza)
	Since the beginning of 2008 the DAΦNE complex started to test the "crabbed scheme" to improve the luminosity performance of the accelerator. In order to ensure a fast, accurate and absolute measurement of the luminosity and to fully understand the background conditions, the new interaction region has been equipped with three different luminosity monitors: a Bhabha calorimeter, a Bhabha GEM tracker and a gamma bremsstrahlung proportional counter. The detectors design, construction, and performance, as well as the first measurements performed at DAΦNE during the crab waist commissioning are here presented. Data are also compared with the Monte Carlo simulations of the full setup. First results acquired during the SIDDHARTA run are supposed to be presented.

TUPC092	An Application for Beam Profile Reconstruction with Multi-wire Profile Monitors at J-PARC RCS	injection, linac, beam-transport, synchrotron	1272
	H. Sako, S. Hiroki, K. Yamamoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken H. Ikeda Visual Information Center, Inc., Ibaraki-ken H. Takahashi JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
	J-PARC RCS is commissioned since October 2007. In the early stage of RCS commissioning, Multi-Wire Profile Monitors (MWPM's) are most important beam monitors to measure positions and profiles of beam orbit in the injection line from LINAC. A MWPM consists of either a horizontal or a vertical wire plane. Each wire plane consists of several wires which has a tilt angle, and a wire scatters H^- or proton beams and induced current in the wire is detected. A wire plane moves at a small step in the perpendicular direction to the wires and scans a beam profile. A complex analysis procedure and geometrical description is developed to reconstruct a beam profile from a MWPM. Beam profiles have been measured at MWPM's in the injection line and the H0 beam dump line.

TUPC095	Beam Diagnostics for Commissioning the HEBT and Gantry Sections of the HIT Medical Accelerator	diagnostics, ion, extraction, medical-accelerators	1281
	M. Schwickert, A. Reiter GSI, Darmstadt
	The HIT medical accelerator at Heidelberg, Germany, is the first dedicated heavy-ion cancer therapy facility in Europe, consisting of a two-stage injector Linac followed by a compact synchrotron. It features three treatment places: two horizontal beam lines, where treatment will be carried out from 2008 using proton and carbon beams, and the first 360° rotating heavy-ion Gantry structure. The accelerator sections of this facility were designed and constructed by GSI, which thereafter was in charge of the commissioning. By now, the required medical beam quality has been achieved in both horizontal beam lines, and beam commissioning of the Gantry structure has started. In this contribution we describe the technical layout of beam diagnostic devices and present measurement data taken in high-energy beam transport lines and patient treatment places.

TUPC098	Results of the LHC Prototype Chromaticity Measurement System Studies in the CERN-SPS	feedback, betatron, coupling, emittance	1290
	R. J. Steinhagen, A. Boccardi, T. Bohl, M. Gasior, O. R. Jones, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva K. K. Kasinski AGH, Cracow
	Tune and chromaticity control is an integral part of safe and reliable LHC operation. Tight tolerances on the maximum transverse beam excursions allow oscillation amplitudes of less than 30 um. This leaves only a small margin for transverse beam and momentum excitations required for measuring tune and chromaticity. This contribution discusses the baseline LHC continuous chromaticity measurement with results from tests at the CERN-SPS. The system is based on continuous tracking of the tune using a phase-locked-loop (PLL) while modulating the beam momentum. The high PLL tune resolution achieved ( ~1·10^-6 ) made it possible to detect chromaticity changes well below the nominally required 1 unit for relative momentum modulations of only 2·10^-5. The sensitive tune measurement front-end employed allowed the PLL excitation and radial amplitudes to be kept below a few tens of micrometers. These results show that this type of measurement can be considered as practically non-perturbative permitting its use even during nominal LHC operation.

TUPC102	Cooled Beam Diagnostics on LEIR	ion, electron, diagnostics, pick-up	1296
	G. Tranquille, C. Bal, C. Carli, M. Chanel, V. Prieto, R. S. Sautier, J. Tan CERN, Geneva
	Electron cooling is central in the preparation of dense bunches of lead beams for the LHC. Ion beam pulses from the LINAC3 are transformed into short high-brightness bunches using multi-turn injection, cooling and accumulation in the Low Energy Ion Ring, LEIR. The cooling process must therefore be continuously monitored in order to guarantee that the lead ions have the required characteristics in terms of beam size and momentum spread. In LEIR a number of systems have been developed to perform these measurements. These include Schottky diagnostics, ionisation profile monitors and scrapers. Along with their associated acquisition and analysis software packages these instruments have proved to be invaluable for the optimisation of the electron cooler.

TUPC113	Beam Energy Compensation by RF Amplitude Control for Thermionic RF Gun and Linac Based Mid-infrared FEL	gun, klystron, electron, beam-loading	1329
	H. Zen, T. Kii, R. Kinjo, K. Masuda, H. Ohgaki, S. Sasaki, T. Shiiyama Kyoto IAE, Kyoto
	Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University has constructed a mid-infrared FEL facility which consists of a thermionic RF gun, a traveling-wave type accelerating tube and a halbach type undulator. The electron beam quality is critical for lasing FEL. However, we found that the beam energy after the accelerator tube decreased from 25 to 23.5 MeV (around 6%) during macro-pulse duration (~4μsec), because.the beam current increases from 65 to 120 mA during the macro-pulse due to the backbombardment effect in the RF gun. To compensate the energy drop and to minimize the energy spread over the macro-pulse, the amplitude of RF power fed to the tube was controlled. Since a precise micro-bunch interval required to build up the FEL, the RF phase was also controlled. As the result, the energy spread of the electron beam was greatly reduced from 6 to 0.8% in FWHM which was same with micro-pulse energy spread (~0.8%). The phase stability during macro-pulse was also improved from 10 to less than 2 degree.

TUPC115	Vibration Stabilization for a Cantilever Magnet Prototype at the Subnanometer Scale	collider, linear-collider, ground-motion, instrumentation	1335
	L. Brunetti, B. Bolzon, N. Geffroy, A. Jeremie IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux A. Badel, B. Caron, J. Lottin SYMME, Annecy-le-Vieux
	In the future linear colliders, the size of the beams is in the nanometer range, which requires stabilization of the final magnets before the interaction point. In order to guarantee the desired luminosity, an absolute displacement lower than 1/3 of the beam size, above a few hertz, has to be obtained. This paper describes an adapted instrumentation, the developed feedback loops dedicated to the active compensation and an adapted modelling able to simulate the behaviour of the structure. The obtained results at the subnanometer scale at the free end of a cantilever magnet prototype with a combination of the developed active compensation method and a commercial active isolation system are described.

TUPC116	Field Characterization of XFEL Quadrupole Magnets	quadrupole, electron, laser, alignment	1338
	A. Hedqvist, H. Danared, F. Hellberg MSL, Stockholm J. Pflueger DESY, Hamburg
	The European X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) will be one of the most advanced light source facilities in Europe and produce high intensity laser light of wavelengths down to 0.1 nm. The laser light is produced and amplified by electrons moving through long undulator systems, each consisting of several 5 m long segments. After each undulator segment an adjustable quadrupole magnet is placed to focus the electron beam. For optimum control of the laser light the centre of the quadrupoles need to be positioned along a straight line with an accuracy of 0.001 mm which only can be reached by beam based alignment (BBA). Prior to the BBA procedure the magnets need to be aligned along the beam path, therefore the centre position of the magnet has to be determined relative to fiducials placed on the magnet body with an accuracy of approximately 0.01 mm. A rotating coil system has been set up at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory to characterize the magnetic field between the four magnetic poles and to measure the stability of the magnetic centre. The accuracy of this instrument and procedures of how to fiducialize the magnetic centre are presented. European XFEL technical design report, edited by M. Altarelli et. al., DESY 2006.

TUPC123	An Electro-Optic Deflector for a Fast Laser-Wire Scanner	laser, radiation	1356
	A. Bosco, G. A. Blair, S. T. Boogert, G. E. Boorman Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey
	A large aperture electro-optic deflector has been designed, realized and tested for application on a laser-wire scanner for particle accelerators. Results on the important parameters such as deflection strenght, speed and mode quality preservation are shown and discussed.

TUPC125	Status of the Spallation Neutron Source Superconducting RF Facility	vacuum, cryogenics, radiation, superconducting-RF	1362
	F. Casagrande, S. Assadi, M. T. Crofford, W. R. DeVan, X. Geng, T. W. Hardek, S. Henderson, M. P. Howell, Y. W. Kang, J. Mammosser, W. C. Stone, D. Stout, W. H. Strong, D. C. Williams, P. A. Wright ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project was completed without on-site superconducting RF (SRF) facilities. Installation of the infrastructure necessary to maintain and repair the superconducting Linac and to support power upgrade research and development (R&D) is well underway. Installation of a Class10/100/10,000 cleanroom and outfitting of the test cave with RF, vacuum, controls, personnel protection and cryogenics systems is now complete. These systems were recently operated satisfactorily to test a cryomodule that had been removed from the accelerator and repaired in the cleanroom. A horizontal cryostat has been fabricated and will be soon commissioned. Equipment for cryomodule assembly and disassembly has been installed and used for cryomodule disassembly. Cavity processing equipment, specifically an ultra-pure water system, high pressure rinse system, and vertical test area is being designed and installed. This effort is providing both high-power test capability as well as long-term maintenance capabilities. This paper presents the current status and the future plans for the SNS SRF test facility.

TUPC127	Utility Design for the 3GeV TPS Electron Storage Ring	storage-ring, synchrotron, booster, synchrotron-radiation	1365
	J.-C. Chang, Y.-C. Lin, Y.-H. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu J.-R. Chen NTHU, Hsinchu
	Having been running the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) for fourteen years since its opening in 1993, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan, has been approved to build a photon source (TPS) last year. TPS is preliminarily designed with 3.0 GeV in energy, 518.4m in circumference and 24 Double-Bend Achromat (DBA). The utility system, including the electrical power, cooling water and air conditioning system of the TPS were designed to meet requirements of high reliability and stability. Because the power consumption of the TPS is estimated about three times that of TLS, energy saving is another consideration. This paper therefore discusses utility design concepts and presents partial design results, including capacity requirements, equipment and piping layouts.

TUPC128	Air Temperature Analysis and Control Improvement for the EPU 5.6 at TLS	simulation, storage-ring, insertion, insertion-device	1368
	J.-C. Chang, Y.-C. Chung, C.-Y. Liu, Z.-D. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	This paper presents the air temperature analysis and control improvement for area of the elliptically polarizing undulator EPU 5.6 in the Taiwan Light Source (TLS). To enhance uniformity of ambient air temperature, we applied mini environmental controls and installed five cross flow fans in this area. Eight temperature sensors were installed around the EPU to monitor temperature variation. We also simulated the flow field and temperature distribution in this area by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The simulation results were validated by comparing to measured data. The temperature variation along time and spatial temperature differences were controlled within 0.1 degree C and 0.5 degree C, respectively.

TUPC129	LHC Access System: from Design to Operation	radiation, injection, monitoring, site	1371
	T. Pettersson, C. Delamare, S. Di Luca, S. Grau, T. Hakulinen, L. Hammouti, F. Havart, J.-F. Juget, T. Ladzinski, M. Munoz Codoceo, P. Ninin, R. Nunes CERN, Geneva
	The paper describes the LHC access control and safety system project, the system's architecture and the experience gathered of commissioning it. This system is made of two parts: the LHC Access Control System and the LHC Access Safety System. Using state of the art redundant, fail-safe PLC's and a supplementary, cabled control loop the LHC Access Safety System guarantees the safety of the personnel in all events. Using industrial components, the LHC Access Control System, regulates the access to the tunnels and experimental areas by identifying the users and checking their authorisations. It allows a remote or automatic operation of the access control equipment and restricts the number of users working simultaneously in the interlocked areas. A first implementation of the architecture is now in production and ensures that only authorized personnel can enter the controlled areas of the LHC complex and this only after permission has been given by the CERN Control Centre. The design, procurement and installation of the entire system took more than 4 years and the commissioning phase lasted about 12 months.

TUPC130	Integration of CATIA/SMARTEAM into CERN's Corporate Engineering Data Management System	collider, hadron, site	1374
	T. Hakulinen, C. Delamare, P.-O. Friman, T. Pettersson, E. Van Uytvinck, D. Widegren CERN, Geneva G. Fournier SPI Numérique, Lyon
	The document presents a short overview of the strategy defined to integrate the 3D CAD system CATIA/Smarteam into CERN’s corporate Engineering and Equipment Data Management System (EDMS). EDMS is used to manage the information about the Laboratory’s installations and technical infrastructure. A brief description of the existing EDMS architecture is given, describing the project life cycle management features available. The integration of CATIA/Smarteam into this backbone will offer the Organization an EDMS which can handle all technical information about a facility from its inception to its dismantling seamlessly. An overview of the Design Office requirements on the new CAD system is also presented.

TUPC132	The Strategy between Optimal Control and Energy Saving about Utility System Operation	synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, radiation, simulation	1380
	Z.-D. Tsai, J.-C. Chang NSRRC, Hsinchu J.-R. Chen NTHU, Hsinchu
	Previously, the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) at NSRRC has proven the good beam line quality depend on the utility system stability. Subsequently, several studies including the temperature control of cooling water and air conditioner was in progress for improving the system stability. Due to the importance of energy saving issue, the heavy power consumption of utility system are also discussed and intended to reduce extensively. The paper addresses some experience between optimal control and energy saving about operation of utility system in TLS. This provides a strategy between stability control and power reduction, including the flow balance, inverter usage, facility operation, control philosophy and so on.

TUPC135	Experimental Determination of the Timing Stability of the Optical Synchronization System at FLASH	laser, electron, polarization, cathode	1386
	F. Loehl, V. R. Arsov, M. Felber, K. E. Hacker, B. Lorbeer, F. Ludwig, K.-H. Matthiesen, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg S. Schulz, A. Winter, J. Zemella Uni HH, Hamburg
	An optical, drift free synchronization system with a stability of better than 10 fs is presently being installed at the free electron laser FLASH. A periodic laser pulse train from a mode-locked, erbium doped fiber laser is distributed via length stabilized fiber links. In this paper, we present measurements of the timing stability of the optical distribution system. Two arrival time monitors (BAM) are used to measure the electron bunch arrival times at two positions in the linac separated by 60 m. Each BAM is supplied with fiber-laser pulses by its own fiber link. By correlating the measured arrival times of the same electron bunches, the overall performance of the optical distribution system and the BAMs can be evaluated. A resolution and timing stability of better than 30 fs has beed reached.

TUPC138	Development of a New Low-Level RF-Control-System for the S-DALINAC	diagnostics, klystron, electron, linac	1389
	A. Araz, U. Bonnes, R. Eichhorn, M. Konrad, M. Platz, A. Richter TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt U. Laier GSI, Darmstadt R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich
	The Superconducting DArmstadt electron LINear ACcelerator S-DALINAC has a maximum energy of 130 MeV and beam currents of up to 60 μA. To reach this energy conveniently in cw, superconducting cavities with a high Q at a frequency of 3 GHz are used. In order to achieve minimal energy spread, the amplitude and phase the cavities have to be controlled strictly in order to compensat the impact of microphonic perturbations. The existing analog rf control system based on a self-exited loop, converts the 3 GHz signals down to the base band. This concept will also be followed by the new digital system currently under design. It is based on an FPGA in the low frequency part, giving a great flexibility in the control algorithm and providing additional diagnostics. For example it is possible to change the operational mode between self-exited loop and generator driven resonator within a second. We will report on the design concept, the status and the latest results measured with a prototype, including different control algorithms as well as beam loading effects.

TUPC139	LLRF Electronics for the CNAO Synchrotron	pick-up, synchrotron, acceleration, proton	1392
	O. Bourrion, D. Tourres, C. Vescovi LPSC, Grenoble
	The Italian National Centre for Oncological hAdrontherapy (CNAO) is undergoing its final construction phase in Pavia and will use proton and carbon ion beams to treat patients affected by solid tumours. At the hearth of CNAO is a 78 meters circumference synchrotron, capable of accelerating particle up to 400 MeV/u with a repetition rate of 0.4 Hz. Particle acceleration is done by a unique VITROVAC load RF cavity operating at a frequency between 0.3 and 3MHz and up to 3kV peak amplitude. In order to control this cavity a digital LLRF system has been designed at LPSC. It is based mainly upon Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS). The LLRF system implement both cavity control and beam control capabilities in a compact, remotely programmable and configurable, Ethernet controlled electronic module. It also allows an easy regulation loop tuning, thanks to an embedded acquisition system that stores all input and output signals during a given acceleration cycle. This paper describes the electronics architecture, lab measurements and test results obtained with the system coupled with the CNAO cavity.

TUPC140	The Spallation Neutron Source Cryomodule Test Stand RF System	klystron, linac, radio-frequency, monitoring	1395
	M. T. Crofford, T. W. Hardek, D. Heidenreich, Y. W. Kang, K.-U. Kasemir, S.-H. Kim ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee J. A. Ball, T. L. Davidson ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has recently commissioned a cryomodule test facility for the repair and testing of the super-conducting cryogenic cavities. This facility utilizes the original 402.5/805 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) Klystron Test Stand as its power source along with dual Low Level RF (LLRF) control systems. One control system is based on the standard SNS Linac LLRF controls with a second system for open-loop only control. The system is designed to allow simultaneous testing of devices in the test cave and other devices which can be tested outside of the enclosure. Initial tests have shown good results; some improvements are yet to be implemented. This paper will provide an overview of the RF systems, safety systems, and interlocks.

TUPC141	Concept and Implementation of the SC Cavity Resonance Frequency Monitor for the Digital RF Field Controller	resonance, klystron, laser, monitoring	1398
	W. Jalmuzna, A. Napieralski TUL-DMCS, Łódź S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg
	New generations of digital control systems offer large number of computation resources together with precise ADCs (analog to digital converters) and DACs (digital to analog converters) which can be used to generate almost any klystron driving signal. This gives the possibility to implement such features as digital SEL (self excited loop) and frequency sweep mode. They can be used to monitor resonance frequency of SC cavities. This information can be used by tuning system to adjust cavity tuner settings. Such functionality is valuable especially during the first RF station start up when the cavities may be detuned even by a large frequency. The paper presents the concept of such system and summarizes implementation and tests performed at FLASH facility (DESY, Hamburg).

TUPC142	Performance of 24 Cavity Vector Sum Controller with Distributed Architecture	klystron, electron, laser, electromagnetic-fields	1401
	W. Jalmuzna, A. Napieralski TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	The paper presents the test results of the digital vector sum control applied for 24 superconducting cavities driven by 1 klystron. The controller is based on FPGA chips and consists of multiple processing boards which communicate via optical fiber links. Flexible and scalable distributed architecture was designed and implemented to provide framework for the control algorithms. The tests were performed at FLASH (DESY, Hamburg) facility using ACC4, ACC5 and ACC6 modules. Results were compared to the existing DSP based system.

TUPC143	Precise RF Control System of the SCSS Test Accelerator	acceleration, feedback, radiation, electron	1404
	H. Maesaka, T. Fukui, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, T. Ohshima, Y. Otake, H. Tanaka RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo T. Hasegawa, S. Takahashi, S. Tanaka JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken M. K. Kitamura NDS, OSAKA
	We present the development and performance of the low level rf control system of SCSS test accelerator (VUV-FEL facility). The FEL radiation in the wavelength region of 50-60 nm reached saturation in fall 2007. Since then, the FEL intensity fluctuation has been suppressed within 10%. This performance was achieved by stabilizing the rf phase and amplitude of the accelerator. For example, the rf phase stability of the 238 MHz cavity is achieved to be 0.03 degree rms corresponding to 350 fs. Those of other cavities such as C-band (5712MHz) accelerator are also obtained to be several 100 fs. To control the rf phase and amplitude precisely, we have developed an IQ modulator / demodulator system. To treat the baseband signal of the system, we have also developed VME high speed DAC / ADC boards. The phase skew of the IQ system is ± 1.0 degree without correction and ± 0.1 degree after correction. To suppress the slow drift of rf components, we applied a PID feedback control loop to the rf source and cavity system. We also improved temperature stabilization for the acceleration structures.

TUPC144	Digital Low Level RF System for SOLEIL	feedback, simulation, beam-loading, synchrotron	1407
	P. Marchand, M. D. Diop, F. Ribeiro, R. Sreedharan SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette M. Luong, O. Piquet CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	In the SOLEIL storage ring, two cryomodules, each containing a pair of 352 MHz superconducting cavities, will provide the maximum power of 560, required at the nominal energy of 2.75 GeV with the full beam current of 500 mA. Presently, an analogue Low Level RF system is successfully operating to control the amplitude and phase of the accelerating voltage. A fast digital FPGA based I-Q feedback is currently under development. The digital I-Q loop is realised with a HERON IO2 FPGA module using a Virtex II with 1M gates. The performance of the digital LLRF system has been evaluated using a Matlab-Simulink based simulation tool taking into account different features (loop delays, bandwidth limitation, extra power budget). The hardware design is described and the first experimental results are reported.

TUPC145	FPGA Implementation of Multichannel Detuning Computation for SC Linacs	linac, resonance, diagnostics, feedback	1410
	K. P. Przygoda, J. Andryszczak, W. Jalmuzna, A. Napieralski, T. Pozniak TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	The paper presents a multi-cavity system for active compensation of SC cavities' deformations in linear accelerators like Free Electron Laser. Described system consists of digital controller, analog amplifiers and mechanical actuators. The previously developed control algorithms were implemented in SIMCON 3.1 board and allow online calculations of Lorentz force detuning only for one cavity. The recent development in the field is based on serial pipelined computations which allow a real time detuning measurements of 8 and more cavities. Moreover, the SIMCON DSP board was used for 10 ns latency computations. The new approach enables integrating the algorithm dedicated for cavity shape control with the LLRF control system using optical transmission. Furthermore the 8-channels amplifiers have been successfully added to the compensation system for driving the piezoelectric actuators. The system is tested in FLASH at DESY. The accelerating modules ACC 3, 5 and 6 with high operating gradients cavities have been taken into account. The multilayer piezostacks from PI and NOLIAC are used for the compensation purpose of cavities' deformations.

TUPC146	Real Time, Distributed, Hardware-software Simulation of Multicavity RF Station for LLRF System Development in FLASH and XFEL	simulation, klystron, diagnostics, resonance	1413
	P. Pucyk, S. Simrock DESY, Hamburg W. Jalmuzna TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	The paper describes the implementation of distributed (FPGA, DSP, GPP) system for simulation of multiple TESLA cavities together with high power distribution chain. The applied models simulate the system behavior with the performance close to the response time of the real RF station and cryomodules. Parametrized architecture of the simulator allows to find compromise between the features of the model and the available resources it can be implemented in. The results of driving the simulator using the FLASH LLRF system are presented and compared with the real measurements. Proposed solution is the important tool for LLRF system development and testing, and can be, in many cases, a replacement for the tests in the real superconducting test facilities reducing the development costs and time.

TUPC147	Analogue LLRF for the ALBA Booster	booster, synchrotron, injection, resonance	1416
	H. Hassanzadegan, F. Pérez ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA Booster will inject up to 2 mA of current, at 3 Hz, in the 3 GeV 3rd generation Synchrotron Light Source ALBA, that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. The Booster will ramp the beam energy from 100 MeV to 3 GeV, the RF voltage will be ramped as well from <100 kV to 1 MV to improve injection efficiency and maintain the beam stable. The Booster RF System will have to provide up to 1 MV of accelerating voltage and have a high dynamic range. An Analogue LLRF prototype has been developed for the Booster 5 cell RF Cavity. The prototype is based on the IQ modulation/demodulation technique and it has been designed completely in house. The prototype has been installed in the high power RF lab of CELLS and tested to control up to 80 kW on the real Booster Cavity. The test results of the control loops (amplitude, phase and tuning) will be presented, as well as the hardware structure and the system interface.

TUPC148	Digital LLRF for ALBA Storage Ring	vacuum, resonance, diagnostics, storage-ring	1419
	A. Salom, F. Pérez ALBA, Bellaterra
	ALBA is a 3 GeV, 400 mA, 3rd generation Synchrotron Light Source that is in the construction phase in Cerdanyola, Spain. The RF System will have to provide 3.6 MV of accelerating voltage and restore up to 540 kW of power to the electron beam. A Digital LLRF prototype has been developed for the Storage Ring RF Cavity. The prototype is based on the IQ modulation/demodulation technique and it has been implemented using a commercial FPGA cPCI board. The prototype has been installed in the high power RF lab of CELLS and tested to control up to 80 kW on the real Storage Ring Cavity. The test results of the control loops (amplitude, phase and tuning) will be presented, as well as the hardware structure (digital boards, analogue front ends, timing, etc.) and the system interface.

TUPC150	Ensemble Cavity Control System Simulation Using Pulse-to-pulse Calibration	coupling, simulation, klystron, alignment	1422
	C. Serrano, L. R. Doolittle, A. Ratti, A. Vaccaro LBNL, Berkeley, California
	For cost reasons one klystron will supply RF power to multiple cavities in recent projects. Individual cavity field stability and optimal drive needs to be achieved considering beam propagation, cavity tuning, cavity coupling, and cable lengths. External environmental factors continuously modify physical properties of the accelerating structures and waveguides. Therefore a calibration system has been designed to adapt individual drive signals and vector-sum alignment in a pulse-to-pulse basis. An eight-cavity model and a calibration system have been tested in simulation using the hardware-software simulation tool developed at LBNL.

TUPC151	Universal DOOCS Server Based on the Scripting Language	linac	1425
	J. Szewinski, K. Korzunowicz Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw
	This document describes the design and implementation of the universal DOOCS* server based on the script language for the FLASH accelerator in DESY (Hamburg, Germany). Server works with the DOOCS, which is used in FLASH for machine control. The typical usage of this application is to communicate with the measurement equipment and control small facilities of the accelerator. The aim of the project is to provide a tool which can make the server creation easy for non-programmer users (typically physicists). The heart of the server is the script language parser which has been done using well known UNIX tools: bison and flex. The complexity of designed language is comparable with complexity of the Matlab language. Application has additional features like possibility of attaching external dynamic libraries or possibility of defining the state machines (more sequencer like). Server has been tested at FLASH and currently is used by people who wish to control their equipment via DOOCS, with the minimal effort of software development. *Distributed Object Oriented Control System.

TUPC153	Hardware-software Simulation for LLRF Control System Development	simulation, feedback, monitoring, radio-frequency	1428
	A. Vaccaro, L. R. Doolittle, A. Ratti, C. Serrano LBNL, Berkeley, California
	Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) have been used in accelerator controls for a long time. Stricter performance requirements in new accelerator designs force LLRF control systems to continuously improve, and the increasing density of available FPGAs enables such progress. The increased complexity in FPGA design is not always followed by new RF systems availability for development and testing. Therefore, a hardware-software simulation tool has been developed to model RF systems by a software simulator. It simulates the interaction of HDL code that is to be synthesized with both RF systems and communication ports to external controls software, reproducing realistic working conditions of the FPGA. The hardware-software interaction for LLRF control system design is discussed here.

TUPC154	CERN PSB Beam Tests of CNAO Synchrotron's Digital LLRF	synchrotron, extraction, proton, acceleration	1431
	M.-E. Angoletta, A. Findlay CERN, Geneva O. Bourrion, R. Foglio, D. Tourres, C. Vescovi LPSC, Grenoble C. De Martinis INFN-Milano, Milano L. Falbo, S. Hunt CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The Italian National Centre for Oncological hAdrontherapy (CNAO), in its final construction phase, uses proton and carbon ion beams to treat patients affected by solid tumours. At the heart of CNAO is a 78-meter circumference synchrotron that accelerates particles to up to 400 MeV/u. The synchrotron relies on a digital LLRF system based upon Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This system implements cavity servoing and beam control capabilities, such as phase and radial loops. Beam tests of the CNAO synchrotron LLRF system were carried out at CERN’s Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) in autumn 2007, to verify the combined DSP/FPGA architecture and the beam control capabilities. For this, a prototype version of CNAO’s LLRF system was adapted to the PSB requirements. This paper outlines the prototype system layout and describes the tests carried out and their results. In particular, system architecture and beam control capabilities were successfully proven by comparison with the PSB operational beam control system and with the help of several existing beam diagnostic systems.

TUPD004	10Hz Pulsed Power Converters for the ISIS Second Target Station(TS-2)	kicker, pulsed-power, proton, power-supply	1440
	S. L. Birch, S. P. Stoneham STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The Extracted Proton Beamline to the ISIS second target station has two 10Hz pulsed magnet systems which extract the proton beam from the existing 50Hz beamline. Kicker 1 magnet system deflects the beam 12.1mrad and kicker 2 magnet system deflects the beam 95mrad. Both magnets are identical, however each pulsed power converter is considerably different. This paper describes the design requirements, topology, installation, testing and successful operation of both pulsed power converters.

TUPD008	Marx Bank Technology for Accelerators and Colliders	collider, impedance, diagnostics, linear-collider	1449
	J. A. Casey, F. O. Arntz, M. P.J. Gaudreau, M. K. Kempkes, I. Roth Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts
	Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has developed high power, solid-state Marx Bank designs for a range of accelerator and collider designs. We estimate the Marx topology can deliver equivalent performance to conventional designs, while reducing acquisition costs by 25-50%. In this paper DTI will describe the application of Marx based technology to two different designs: a long-pulse ILC focused design (140 kV, 160 A, 1.5 ms), and a short-pulse design (500 kV, 265 A, 3 us). These designs span the known requirements for future accelerator modulators. For the ILC design, the primary challenge is minimizing the overall size and cost of the storage capacitors in the modulator. For the short-pulse design, the primary challenge is high speed operation, to limit the energy lost in the pulse rise-time while providing a very tight (± 3%) voltage flattop. Each design demands unique choices in components and controls, including the use of electrolytic capacitors in the ILC Marx design. This paper will review recent progress in the development and testing of both of these prototype Marx designs, being built under two separate DOE Phase II SBIR grants.

TUPD016	Grounding and Induced Voltage Issues of the Injection Bump Magnet System of the 3-GeV RCS in J-PARC	power-supply, linac, proton, synchrotron	1461
	T. Takayanagi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken Y. Irie KEK, Ibaraki
	The power supply of the injection shift bump magnets is required to rate a large current with high precision. The rating current is 20 kA and the pulse width is 1.3 ms. The power supply with the multiple connected two-quadrant IGBT choppers, which is controlled by the switching frequency over 48 kHz, realizes the tracking error less than 1.0 %. However, the switching noise due to the IGBT choppers caused damages to the control device and the measuring instrument. The ground cables were changed to copper sheets, so that the voltage due to the switching noise between the power supply board and the ground decreased from 800 V to 40 V. Furthermore, the output voltage of the RF shield was measured in connection with the several waveform patterns. These results showed the good agreement with the calculation and the experiment. The good performances of the shift bump magnet and power supply have been confirmed.

TUPD017	Design of Main Ring Dipole Power Supply for HIRFL-CSR	power-supply, dipole, feedback, heavy-ion	1464
	Y. X. Chen, X. M. Feng, D. Q. Gao, Y. L. Gao, Y. Z. Huang, Y. Tang, J. J. Wang, J. W. Xia, H. B. Yan, H. H. Yan, Y. J. Yuan, Z. D. Yuan, S. Zhang, X. L. Zhang, Z. Z. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou
	This paper introduces the main circuit topologic, control method and double reference setting system of a dipole power supply which is the pivotal device of the HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). The power supply works at the pulse mode, with the peak output power of 3.15MW (3000A, 1045V). To fulfill difficult requirements especially for the tracking error, which is needed less than 300ppm, a special topologic is adopted. The power supply has two parts: SCR rectifier provides the most energy and PWM converter provides correcting current and perfect reaction for tracking current setting. Now the dipole power supply is performing well during the CSR commissioning, with the perfect tracking error, well long-time stability and low ripple current.

TUPD019	Inter-disciplinary Mechanical and Architectural 3D CAD Design Process at the European XFEL	simulation, civil-engineering, cryogenics, feedback	1467
	L. Hagge, N. Bergel, T. H. Hott, J. Kreutzkamp, S. Suehl, N. Welle DESY, Hamburg
	Realising the European-XFEL involves creating and coordinating several types of 3D design models for many different subsystems like underground buildings, utilities, accelerator systems or photon beam lines. In order to handle the huge amount of data, reduced envelope models are needed for integrating the subsystems towards the complete facility and to ensure that the different subsystems connect properly and do not intersect. Detailed component design models are required for planning approval, tendering or in-house production. A key issue was to develop an optimized design for the facilities while still being able to accommodate possible late R&D-driven design changes of subsystems. The paper describes the procedures and tools which are used for planning and designing the European-XFEL and reports benefits and experience. The procedures in use allow visualization of the facilities, negotiation of requirements and solutions between all the working groups, optimized storing of the documentation as well as running approval and change management procedures. Tools in use include a requirements database, 3D-CAD systems and an engineering data management system.

TUPD020	Remote Alignment of Low Beta Quadrupoles with Micrometric Resolution	radiation, alignment, quadrupole, survey	1470
	M. Acar, J. Boerez, A. Herty, H. Mainaud Durand, A. Marin, J.-P. Quesnel CERN, Geneva
	Considering their location in a high radiation environment and the alignment tolerances requested, the Low Beta quadrupoles of LHC will be positioned remotely (controlling 5 degrees of freedom), with a displacement resolution of few microns in horizontal and vertical. Stepping motor gearbox assemblies are plugged into the jacks which support the cryomagnets in order to move them to the desired position regarding the quality of the beam collisions in the detectors. This displacement will be monitored in real time by the sensors located on the magnets. This paper describes the positioning strategy implemented as well as the software tools used to manage it.

TUPD024	Results of ELBE Window and Coupler Tests with a Resonant Ring	vacuum, klystron, resonance, coupling	1479
	A. Buechner, H. Buettig, R. Schurig, G. Staats, A. Winter FZD, Dresden
	A new test bench based on a resonant ring has been built at ELBE to run window as well as coupler tests. The resonant ring is driven by a 10 kW klystron and allows tests with RF power up to 100 kW in CW mode and about 200 kW in pulsed mode. Coupler tests are done with liquid Nitrogen cooling under almost real conditions. The results of warm window and coupler tests in pulsed and CW mode are presented. Also details about the ring and a special designed coupler tip to rectangular waveguide transition are given.

TUPD039	Load Curves Distortion Induced by Fringe Field Effects in the Ion Nanoprobe	quadrupole, focusing, ion	1514
	Yu. V. Tereshonkov, S. N. Andrianov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	Nanoprobes are known to be high precision systems, which require preliminary modeling for thorough analysis of optimal working modes. One of most crucial characteristics of the special class of such beam lines is the so-called load curves (or surfaces). This paper investigates one of the types of intrinsic effects, i.e. fringe fields and their influence on load curves and surfaces, which make it possible to construct the purposeful search of optimal working regimes for nanoprobes. A number of different models for fringe field presentation are discussed in the paper. Analytical and numerical methods and tools are used for analysis and selection of optimal parameters for fringe field models.

TUPD040	Design, Manufacturing and Tests of a Micrometer Precision Mover for CTF3 Quadrupoles	quadrupole, alignment, emittance, beam-losses	1517
	F. Toral, C. Burgos, D. Carrillo, L. García-Tabarés, J. L. Gutierrez, I. Rodriguez, E. Rodríguez García, S. Sanz, C. Vazquez CIEMAT, Madrid E. Adli, N. C. Chritin, S. Doebert, J. A. Rodriguez CERN, Geneva J. Calero CEDEX, Madrid
	A new remotely controlled moving table has been designed for the quadrupoles of the CTF3 Test Beam Line, as part of the beam based alignment system. This device must provide both vertical and horizontal (transverse to the beam) movements. The specifications request a reproducibility of ± 5 micron, with a resolution of 1 micron and a stroke of ± 4 mm. Due to the weight of the magnet, about 50 kg, and the space restrictions, a solution based on small stepping motors with integrated linear spindles has been chosen. The motor responsible of the vertical movement rests on a wedge, with a double purpose: to make the design more compact, and to increase the lifting force for a given motor size. Mechanical switches are used as end-of-movement sensors and home position detectors. The performed tests to check the mover prototype performance are also reported in this paper. Next step will be to launch series production, which will consist of 16 units.

TUPP001	Alternating Gradient Operation of Accelerating Modules at FLASH	feedback, electron, klystron, laser	1523
	V. Ayvazyan, G. Petrosyan, K. Rehlich, S. Simrock, E. Vogel DESY, Hamburg H. T. Edwards Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The free electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) is a user facility providing high brilliant laser light for experiments. It is also an unique facility for testing the superconducting accelerator technology for the European XFEL and the international linear collider (ILC). The XFEL offers several beam lines to users. Within limits given by the beam delivery system the bunch pattern and beam energy should be adjustable independent for each beam line suggesting a time sliced operation. The ILC is focused on the highest gradients possible. FLASH accelerates beam at 5 Hz repetition rate. During accelerator studies the operation of the last accelerating modules with 10 Hz and alternating rf pulses has been established proving the feasibility of a time sliced operation at the XFEL. The rf pulses synchronous to the 5 Hz rf pulses are used for FEL operation whereas the gradient of the remaining rf pulse can be chosen independently and is used for long term high gradient operation gaining experience for the ILC. The operation of two different gradients within a single rf pulse is also available. The paper describes the technical setup, the rf control performance and the operational experience.

TUPP002	Uniform Motion Control Solution for Variety of Motion Applications	feedback, acceleration, power-supply, insertion	1526
	J. Dedic, G. Jansa, M. Plesko, R. Sabjan Cosylab, Ljubljana
	Control solutions for motion applications require high degree of flexibility regarding the use and connectivity. Being fairly simple or highly complex, micro- or millimeter precision, one or multiple axis� the system designer has to tackle specific interfacing issues. One platform should fit different applications and provide cost effective solutions. Flexible software platform is required on one side to satisfy control system (CS) application requirements. On the other side variety of hardware (HW)–controlled by motion controller, i.e., power stages, position feedback–also requires some degree of connection flexibility. Paper presents a design of a motion control platform that offers flexible interfacing both to CS and HW, elegant extendibility options for selection of feedback protocols, low-level direct access for engineering control and enables large distances between controller and motors.

TUPP003	Automatic Generation of SEU Immunity for FPGA Based Electronics for Accelerators	simulation, radiation, free-electron-laser, laser	1529
	M. K. Grecki, G. W. Jablonski, W. Jalmuzna, D. R. Makowski TUL-DMCS, Łódź
	The modern accelerator control systems nowadays are build using digital technology based on FPGA circuits. However, digital circuits working in radioactive environment are exposed to disturbing effects, in particular SEU (Single Event Upset). One of the countermeasure is a redundancy in circuit that allow to detect and correct errors caused by radiation. Unfortunately CAD software provides no support to automatically include required redundancy in the FPGA project. Moreover, optimization procedure removes all redundant parts and special effort must be made to prevent that. The paper presents a software environment to process VHDL description of the circuit and automatically generate the redundant blocks together with voting circuits. The generated redundancy uses Triple Module Redundancy (TMR) scheme. It also supports the VHDL simulation with SEUs in order to enable identification of the most sensitive components*. Since the TMR is costly, the designer can indicate which parts of the circuit should be replicated based on the results of simulation. Baumann. Neutron-induced…, Int. Rel. Phys. Symp. 2000. Hentschke et al. Analyzing Area…, Symp. ICs and Systems Design, SBCCI02. *Grecki. VHDL Simulation…, Nanotech 2006, Vol.1.

TUPP004	Evolution and Status of the Electronic Logbooks at the ESRF	power-supply, storage-ring, synchrotron, radio-frequency	1532
	L. Hardy, J. M. Chaize, O. Goudard ESRF, Grenoble S. D. Cross, D. Fraser, N. V. Hurley St James Software, Cape Town
	In 2004 the ESRF moved to electronic logbooks. Such logbooks should be configurable enough to be used in several situations: document management, exchange of technical information and, in the Control Room, as a powerful tool for storing and retrieving information at a glance. The St James software company developed such a product which met our constraints and which is easy to configure. Moreover, this product can be tailored and evolved with time by its users and allows automatic access to control system parameters. After gaining experience with several logbooks using the old version 4 system, a new more user-friendly version which offers extensive customisation possibilities has been launched. This new version, J5, has already been interfaced to the ESRF control system (Tango) through a Python binding. This allows automatic triggering of records on specific events and the generation of automatic reports from the history database system. J5 can use an LDAP server for security management.

TUPP005	Application Programs for the Elettra Booster Commissioning and Operation	booster, optics, lattice, power-supply	1535
	F. Iazzourene, V. Forchi', C. Scafuri ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The application programs developed for the commissioning and operation of the new Elettra injector* are all based on the TANGO control system, a new high level framework and a beam optics module named Vicky*. The present paper summarizes the main developed application programs and their successful use during commissioning and operation of the new injector. "Overview of the Status of the Elettra Booster Project," these proceedings. **"Elettra New Full Injector High Level Software," C. Scafuri, F. Iazzourene, EPAC 2006.

TUPP006	Beam Test with a New Control System of Acceleration in HIMAC	acceleration, lattice, synchrotron, bunching	1538
	M. Kanazawa NIRS, Chiba-shi K. Maeda Toshiba Corporation, Tokyo K. Watanabe Chiba University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba
	In the present acceleration system in HIMAC, acceleration frequency of a direct digital synthesizer is controlled with B-clock pulses of B+ and B- signals that correspond to 0.2 Gauss increment and decrement of dipole magnetic field. In the tested new control system, we will use only clock pulse whose clock rate is locked to the power line frequency. With this simple system, it is easy to build up the acceleration control system for multiple flat-top pattern. This pattern operation is expexted to use in the next irradiation system of spot-scanning in HIMAC. In this presentation, the used system and its beam tests will be presented.

TUPP008	An Automatic Control System for Conditioning 30 GHz Accelerating Structures	gun, vacuum, target, feedback	1541
	A. Dubrovsky, J. A. Rodriguez CERN, Geneva
	A software application programme has been developed to allow fast, automatic, conditioning of the accelerating structures to be high-gradient tested at 30 GHz in CTF3. The specificity of the application is the ability to control a high power electron beam which produces the 30 GHz RF power used to condition the accelerating structures. It significantly increases the amount of time useable for high power conditioning. In this paper this fast control system, the machine control system, the logging system, the graphic user control interface and the logging data visualization are described. An outline of the conditioning control system itself and of the feedback controlling peak power and pulse length is given. The software allows different types of conditioning strategies to be programmed.

TUPP009	Implementation and Operation of the Elettra Booster Control System	booster, injection, linac, power-supply	1544
	M. Lonza, F. Asnicar, L. Battistello, S. Fontanini, V. Forchi', G. Gaio, F. Giacuzzo, E. Mariotti, R. Marizza, R. Passuello, L. Pivetta, C. Scafuri, G. Scalamera, G. Strangolino, D. Vittor, L. Zambon ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	A new injector based on a 100 MeV linac and a 2.5 GeV booster synchrotron has been built and commissioned at Elettra to provide full energy and top up injection into the storage ring. The booster replaces the 1.2 GeV linac that will be used for the new 4th generation light source FERMI@Elettra currently under construction at Elettra. A new architecture has been adopted for the booster control system based on the Tango control system software. The implementation of the control system and the tools developed to meet an aggressive commissioning time schedule are presented. The experience gained during the operation of the booster is also discussed.

TUPP011	The ESRF Temperature Monitoring System from an Operational Point of View	monitoring, vacuum, radiation, survey	1547
	D. Schmied, E. Burtin, J. M. Chaize, R. Kersevan, I. Parat, M. Peru, J. L. Pons ESRF, Grenoble
	The vacuum control system of the ESRF electron Storage Ring (SR) is in operation since more than ten years now. Apart from difficulties to have appropriate support for the old system, we start facing problems of aging and obsolescence. We have been reviewing our philosophy of data acquisition and remote control in order to upgrade our systems with state of the art technology by taking into account our operational experience. We have installed shielded "intelligent" devices inside the SR and took advantage of the latest developments linked to new communication technologies and standards, such as TCP/IP MODbus protocol and WEB server based instrument control. This presentation outlines our present work dedicated to the ESRF temperature acquisition system based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), and new developments regarding the user interface in the control room. Several examples show the importance of surveying the temperatures in order to identify various mechanical or operational problems which allow us to anticipate later failures and provide us with an additional machine diagnostic tool.

TUPP012	Presentation of the New ESRF Vacuum Control Applications from an Operational Point of View	vacuum, survey, diagnostics, ion	1550
	D. Schmied, E. Burtin, J. M. Chaize, R. Kersevan, I. Parat, P. V. Verdier ESRF, Grenoble
	The ESRF is in operation since more than ten years. Due to the aging vacuum system, we are faced to different kinds of failures such as air or water leaks, overheating of RF-liners or poor chamber alignment. In order to anticipate these failures and therefore reduce down times, we started to develop new diagnostic tools which allow us to detect much faster and with more precision any possible failures or malfunctioning of our vacuum system. Also driven by the increase of machine performances and the continuous vacuum installations, we search for new tools to safely commission such upgrades. This paper outlines our work on the development of a new vacuum user interface, which not simply reflects the actual status of our vacuum system, but which also provides us with a dynamic survey of computed vacuum signals highlighting unusual vacuum behaviours.

TUPP013	Synchronized Data Distribution and Acquisition System Using Reflective Memory for J-PARC 3GeV RCS	monitoring, linac, acceleration, beam-losses	1553
	H. Takahashi, N. Hayashi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken M. Sugimoto Mitsubishi Electric Control Software Corp, Kobe
	J-PARC 3GeV RCS inject the different parameter beam to each facilities, which are MLF and MR. Therefore, 3GeV RCS Control System must realize the monitoring and the operation that are distinguished "MLF beam" from "MR beam". And, we have developed the data distribution and acquisition system for "synchronized data" which required the distinguished monitoring and operation. We have designed and developed distribution and acquisition system using Reflective Memory (RM) for BPM data, which is one of synchronized data. There are 54 BPM, and BPM signal is processed by each BPM signal circuit (total 54 circuits). Then, we have designed that RM have 54 virtual ring memories and for a few seconds BPM data pre one virtual ring memory is buffered. And we decide BPM data is written virtual ring memory position based on "beam tag", which distributed from RM of J-PARC Timing System. This "beam tag" is synchronized across J-PARC. Thereby, 54 BPM data that written same virtual ring memory position become BPM data for identical beam. The paper presents the current status of the synchronized data distribution and acquisition system using RM.

TUPP014	Control System for a 150 MeV FFAG Complex in KURRI	power-supply, radiation, proton, booster	1556
	M. Tanigaki, N. Abe, K. Mishima, Y. Mori, Y. Oki, A. Osanai, S. Shiroya, K. Takami, K. Takamiya, T. Takeshita, A. Taniguchi, H. Yashima, H. Yoshino KURRI, Osaka M. Ikeda, Y. Kijima Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe
	A simple, convenient control system has been developed for a 150 MeV proton FFAG accelerator complex at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University(KURRI). This control system is based on conventional PCs and programmable logic controllers (PLC) and these are connected over TCP/IP network. Each PLC is responsible for autonomous control of connected devices such as motors or power supplies, and also responsible for maintaining a parameter database periodic(~100 ms typically) read/written by remote PCs over TCP/IP network. Man-machine interfaces and integrated sequences are developed using LabView environment on these PCs. This control system has been successfully served for the actual operation of the FFAG complex, including the radiation protection control. Further developments, such as portable devices serving man-machine interfaces on site and the integration of SQL server for logging all possible parameters of this accelerator complex, are on the way.

TUPP015	Investigations into Cost Reductions of X-band Instrumentation	resonance, instrumentation, klystron, coupling	1559
	D. Van Winkle, V. A. Dolgashev, J. D. Fox, S. G. Tantawi SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The prohibitive costs of commercial test equipment for making fast and accurate pulsed phase and amplitude measurements at X-band result in decreased productivity due to shortages of shared equipment across the test laboratory. In addition, most current set-ups rely on the use of pulsed power heads which do not allow for the measurement of phase thereby limiting the flexibility of available measurements. In this paper, we investigate less expensive in-house designed instrumentation based upon commercial satellite down converters and widely available logarithmic detector amplifiers and phase detectors. The techniques are used to measure X-band pulses with widths of 50 ns to 10’s of usec. We expect a dynamic range of 30-40 dB with accuracies of less than ± 0.1 dB. We show results of the built and tested systems with particular attention focused on temperature performance and accuracy. Block diagrams of the down conversion scheme, and the architecture of a multi-signal X-band RF monitor and measurement system is illustrated. Measured results, and possible modifications and upgrades are presented.

TUPP017	Orbit and Dispersion Tool at FLASH	undulator, optics, electron, quadrupole	1565
	E. Prat, V. Balandin, N. Golubeva DESY, Hamburg J. K. Kamenik, I. Kriznar, T. Kusterle Cosylab, Ljubljana
	Based on a former MATLAB tool, a java-based application to measure and correct orbit and dispersion has been developed at FLASH. In this paper we discuss the algorithm used in this tool as well as its functionality. First tests on machine operation are also presented.

TUPP046	Tunable Ferroelectric Based Technologies for Accelerator Components	linac, insertion, luminosity, vacuum	1646
	A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio S. Kazakov KEK, Ibaraki E. Nenasheva Ceramics Ltd., St. Petersburg A. Tagantsev EPFL, Lausanne V. P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Low loss ferroelectric materials can be used as key elements in RF tuning and phase shifting components to provide fast, electronic control. These devices are under development for different accelerator applications in X, Ka and L - frequency bands. The exact design of these devices depends on the electrical parameters of the particular ferroelectric material to be used- its dielectric constant, loss tangent and tunability. BST based ferroelectric-oxide compounds have been found to be suitable materials for a fast electrically-controlled tuner for BNL and for high-power fast RF phase shifters to be used for SNS vector modulation applications. We present recent results on the development of BST based ferroelectric compositions synthesized for use in high power technology components. The BST(M) ferroelectrics have been tested using a transverse dc bias field. The tunability factor vs. dc field magnitude has been evaluated and the feasibility of transverse bias tuning for ferroelectric based accelerator components has been demonstrated.

TUPP071	Development of TiN Coating System for Beam Ducts of KEK B-factory	electron, cathode, positron, luminosity	1700
	K. Shibata, H. Hisamatsu, K.-I. Kanazawa, M. Shirai, Y. Suetsugu KEK, Ibaraki
	A titanium nitride (TiN) coating system for the copper beam ducts of KEK B-factory (KEKB) was developed to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) from the inner surface, which would mitigate the electron cloud instability. The coating was done by DC magnetron sputtering of titanium in argon and nitrogen atmospheres. The duct was set vertically, and a titanium cathode rod was hung from the top on the center axis of the duct. A magnetic field was supplied by a movable solenoid coil placed outside of the duct. Preliminary experiments using small copper samples showed that a 200-nanometer-thick TiN film coated at 150 degree is the best from the viewpoints of SEY and adhesion strength. The SEY of the coated sample decreased to 60% of that of non-coated copper after an electron dose of 0.01 C/mm2, and the maximum SEY was 0.84. Using this system, five ducts with a length of up to 3.6 m were successfully coated. Some of them were installed into the KEKB positron ring last summer, and no problem was found in the following beam operation with a beam current of up to 1.6 A. One coated duct with an electron monitor was installed this winter, and the effect of the coating will be checked.

TUPP109	Meshless Solution of the Vlasov Equation Using a Low-discrepancy Sequence	site, synchrotron, simulation, damping	1776
	R. L. Warnock SLAC, Menlo Park, California J. A. Ellison, K. A. Heinemann, G. Q. Zhang UNM, Albuquerque, New Mexico
	A successful method for solving the nonlinear Vlasov equation is the semi-Lagrangian method, in which the phase space density is represented by its values on a fixed Cartesian grid with interpolation to off-grid points. Integration for a time step consists of following orbits backward in time from initial conditions on the grid, with the collective force frozen during the time step. We ask whether it would be more efficient to use scattered data sites rather than grid points, namely sites from a low-discrepancy sequence as used in quasi - Monte Carlo integration. This requires a technique for interpolation of scattered data, and with such a technique in hand one can try either backward or forward orbits. Here we explore the forward choice, with the data sites themselves following forward orbits. We treat a problem well studied by the backward method, longitudinal motion in the SLAC damping rings. Over one or two synchrotron periods results are encouraging, in that the number of data sites can be reduced by a large factor. Over longer times it appears that the sites must be redistributed or changed in number from time to time, because of clustering.

TUPP111	Magnetic Design Improvement and Construction of the Large 90o Bending Magnet of the Vertical Beam Delivery Line of CNAO	superconductivity, ion, heavy-ion, proton	1782
	W. Beeckman, S. Antoine, F. Forest, J. L. Lancelot, M. J. Leray, T. Planche Sigmaphi, Vannes P. Fabbricatore INFN Genova, Genova C. Priano, M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) is the medical center dedicated to the cancer therapy, under construction in Italy. Protons with energy ranging from 60 to 250 MeV and carbon ions with energy 120 to 400 MeV/u will be delivered to patients in three different treatment rooms, of which one is served with both horizontal and vertical beams. The vertical line requires a 70 tons 90^o bending magnet providing 1.81 T in a good field region of x = ± 100 by y = ± 100 mm² with an integrated field quality (ΔBL/BL) at all field levels ≤ ± 2×10^-4. Starting from the experience matured when constructing the large bending magnet for HICAT gantry, we have developed a design able to meet these more stringent requirements in both 2D and 3D and special attention was paid to the study of manufacturing tolerances

TUPP116	Development of Scanning System at HIMAC	target, simulation, synchrotron, heavy-ion	1794
	T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, S. Minohara, S. Mori, T. Murakami, A. Nagano, K. Noda, N. Saotome, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei NIRS, Chiba-shi
	A new treatment facility project, as an extension of the existing HIMAC facility, has been initiated for the further development of carbon-ion therapy. This new treatment facility will be equipped with a three-dimensional irradiation system with pencil beam scanning. For moving-tumor treatments with high accuracy, the most important part of the design study is how to realize this by scanning irradiation. For this purpose, we have studied a combination of the rescanning technique and the gated irradiation method. In order to avoid hot and/or cold spots even by a relatively larger number of rescannings within the acceptable irradiation time, we studied a fast scanning system. Further, this concept was experimentally demonstrated at the HIMAC. The design and the related study of the scanning system for the HIMAC new treatment facility will be presented.

TUPP118	Update of an Accelerator Control System for the New Treatment Facility at HIMAC	synchrotron, extraction, ion, target	1800
	Y. Iwata, T. Furukawa, K. Noda, T. Shirai, E. Takada NIRS, Chiba-shi T. Kadowaki, Y. Sano, H. Uchiyama AEC, Chiba
	Tumor therapy using energetic carbon ions, as provided by the HIMAC, has been performed since June 1994, and more than 3200 patients were treated until now. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, we started to construct a new treatment facility. The new facility would have three treatment rooms; two of them have both horizontal and vertical fixed-irradiation-ports, and the other has a rotating-gantry-port. For all the ports, a scanning irradiation method is applied. The new facility will be constructed in conjunction with the HIMAC, and heavy-ion beams will be provided by the HIMAC accelerators. To fulfill requirements for the scanning irradiation, we are planning to update the accelerator control system. The proposed control system would enable us to provide heavy ions having variable energies within a single synchrotron-pulse; the beam energy would be changed a few tenth of times within a pulse by an energy step corresponding to a water range of 2 mm. Since the beam range would be adjusted without using range compensators, an excellent irradiation field could be obtained. We will present our project on updating the accelerator control system.

TUPP125	New Heavy-ion Cancer Treatment Facility at HIMAC	target, synchrotron, extraction, ion	1818
	K. Noda, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, S. Minohara, S. Mori, T. Murakami, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei, M. Torikoshi NIRS, Chiba-shi
	The first clinical trial of cancer treatment with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have proposed a new treatment facility for the purpose of further development of the heavy-ion cancer therapy with HIMAC. This facility, which is connected with the HIMAC synchrotron, consists of three treatment rooms: two rooms equipped with horizontal and vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. In both the fixed beam-delivery and rotating gantry systems, a 3D beam-scanning method is employed with gated irradiation with patient’s respiration in order to increase the treatment accuracy. Since the beam control for the size, the position and the time structure plays an essential role in the 3D beam scanning with the irradiation gated with respiration, the R&D study has been carried out with the HIMAC synchrotron since 2006. At December 2007, the Japanese government approved this project. We will report the design and R&D studies toward the construction of the new treatment facility.

TUPP127	Spill Structure Measurements at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre	synchrotron, ion, proton, beam-losses	1824
	A. Peters, R. Cee, T. Haberer, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg T. Hoffmann, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt
	A specially designed accelerator facility for tumour irradiation located at the Heidelberg University Hospital was built up, the commissioning is still ongoing. Technically the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) fully relies on the three dimensional intensity-controlled rasterscan technique developed at GSI. This method demands for smoothly extracted ion beams (from protons to oxygen) from the HIT synchrotron. For this purpose a RF knock-out system consisting of a RF-exciter in combination with an electrostatic septum, two septum magnets and two sextupoles is used. To characterize the extracted beams scintillators for low intensities and ionization chambers for higher currents are installed in the high energy transport lines. Using a PXI-based DAQ system full spills are recorded with a time bin of 100 μs. Typical raw data will be shown as well as derived statistics like Fourier spectra and maximum-to-average ratios that proof the beam quality for its applicability to produce outstanding dose distributions via beam scanning. In addition, safety aspects like the performance of the spill interrupt procedure will be demonstrated with measured data.

TUPP131	Status of the Linac Components for the Italian Hadrontherapy Centre CNAO	linac, rfq, vacuum, ion	1833
	H. Vormann, C. M. Kleffner, A. Reiter, B. Schlitt GSI, Darmstadt G. Clemente, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	The IH-DTL for the Linac in the Italian National Center for Hadron Therapy in Oncology CNAO will accelerate different ion species (C⁴⁺, O⁶⁺,3He⁺, H²⁺) to an energy of 7 MeV/u. The combined rebunching and accelerating beam dynamic concept ("KONUS", "Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur", combined zero degree structure) requires a real voltage distribution in all 56 accelerator gaps (distributed in 4 sections) matching very close to the design voltage distribution. The tuning of the mechanically finished and copper plated cavity started in January 2007, based on the experience from the similar IH-DTL for the HIT linac ("Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum", the Heidelberg ion beam therapy center). Very small differences in mechanical measures caused modified starting conditions, resulting in varying number and shape of fixed tuners, but nevertheless accurate field distribution. The CNAO Linac is at presently under commissioning, all linac components except the IH-DTL have been delivered to the center in November 2007.

TUPP160	Superconducting RF Activities at ACCEL Instruments	storage-ring, damping, cryogenics, superconducting-RF	1884
	M. Pekeler, S. Bauer, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	We report on highlights of SRF activities at ACCEL Instruments during the last few years. For example the development of a new hydrofloric and sulphoric acid free electropolishing method for niobium cavities and the construction and installation of a new standard electropolishing plant for 9-cell 1.3 GHz cavities. In addition we have further developed our design for 500 MHz superconducting RF modules for light sources and delivered three such accelerator modules for Shanghai Ligth Source. For SOLEIL we manufactured a 350 MHz twin cavity accelerator module using the technology of sputtering niobium onto copper.

TUPP161	60 keV 30 kW Electron Beam Facility for Electron Beam Technology	electron, cathode, gun, focusing	1887
	Yu. I. Semenov, V. E. Akimov, M. A. Batazova, B. A. Dovzhenko, V. V. Ershov, A. R. Frolov, I. A. Gusev, Ye. A. Gusev, V. M. Konstantinov, N. Kh. Kot, V. R. Kozak, E. A. Kuper, G. I. Kuznetsov, P. V. Logatchev, V. R. Mamkin, A. S. Medvedko, I. V. Nikolaev, A. Yu. Protopopov, D. N. Pureskin, V. V. Repkov, A. N. Selivanov, D. V. Senkov, A. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Zharikov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	At the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, the 60 keV 30 kW electron beam facility for electron beam technology has been developed. The electron gun provides continuous or modulated beam within the current range from 1 mA up to 500 mA. The optical system allows both static and dynamic focusing of the electron beam within the 50/500 mm range of distance from the gun outlet, the beam scanning and its parallel displacement from the optical axis. The electron gun facility is controlled by the computer via the CAN interface. This paper presents the general description of the facility, its block diagram and main parameters.

WEOBG04	First Experimental Results from DEGAS, the Quantum Limited Brightness Electron Source	laser, electron, brightness, feedback	1918
	M. S. Zolotorev, J. W. ONeill, F. Sannibale, W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California E. D. Commins, A. S. Tremsin UCB, Berkeley, California
	The construction of DEGAS (DEGenerate Advanced Source), a proof of principle for a quantum limited brightness electron source, has been completed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The commissioning and the characterization of this source, designed to generate coherent low energy (10-100 eV) single electron "bunches" with brightness approaching the quantum limit at a repetition rate of few MHz, has been started. In this paper the first experimental results are described.
	Slides

WEZG01	Protection Controls for High Power Accelerators	kicker, diagnostics, target, injection	1921
	J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The next generation hadron accelerators will operate with MW beams or store beams with an energy of many 100 MJ. Machine protection will constrain operation, but some operational flexibility is still required for commissioning and performance optimization. This is a substantial challenge for control systems and application programs. New tools are developed to face those challenges: critical settings management, software interlocks, role based access to equipment, automatic accelerator mode recognition etc. This talk presents some of the challenges and tools. Experience with novel approaches are discussed.
	Slides

WEZG02	Commissioning of an Accelerator: Tools and Management	synchrotron, optics, storage-ring, diagnostics	1926
	A. Nadji SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	During the life of an accelerator project, the commissioning is a very important and exciting phase. It is preceded by a long period of design, calculations, magnetic measurements, installation, and alignment. We want the commissioning stage to be successful and fast; that is, attaining rapidly the set goals and make the machine available for impatient users. This paper summarizes the experience of several commissioning phases for different types of accelerators such as SNS, JPARC, and LHC, as well as synchrotron light sources such as DIAMOND, SOLEIL, and SSRF. The importance of preparation for commissioning on both technical and personnel levels will be covered. We will also talk about the concept of stages, anticipation of problems, and the early involvement of many specialists in addition to accelerator physicists and future accelerator operators. Furthermore, we will outline the importance of having a command control that is practical, fast, and has the capacity to offer high level automated applications. Finally, we will discuss the indispensable role of diagnostics for the first injection and first turns of the beam.
	Slides

WEOCG01	Orbit Feedback Trickery at the NSLS VUV Ring	feedback, simulation	1931
	B. Podobedov BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	A couple of NSLS user groups has recently requested an unusual modification to the way the VUV ring orbit is controlled and stabilized. Rather than keeping the orbit as stable as possible they require a large (many transverse beam sizes) periodic orbit oscillation at the source points of their beamlines. During regular machine operations this has to co-exist with stable orbit throughout the rest of the ring. Achieving good orbit stability under these constraints presents an interesting control problem. Making use of control theory tools and Matlab / Simulink modeling we have explored various algorithms to allow for these new requirements. We then extended our digital orbit feedback system to incorporate these algorithms. In this paper we present commissioning results as well as comparison to the simulations.
	Slides

WEOCG02	Post-mortem Diagnostic for the Taiwan Light Source	kicker, diagnostics, insertion, beam-losses	1932
	K. H. Hu, J. Chen, P. C. Chiu, K. T. Hsu, S. Y. Hsu, C. H. Kuo, D. Lee, C.-J. Wang, C. Y. Wu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Analyzing the reasons of various trip events is essential to improve reliability of a synchrotron light source. To identify the causes of trip at Taiwan Light Source (TLS), various diagnostics tool were employed. These diagnostic tools can capture beam trip, interlock signals of superconducting RF system, waveform of the injection kickers, quench and interlock signals of the superconducting insertion device, and instability signals of the stored beam for post-mortem analysis. These diagnostics can be routine monitor signal and record beam trip event. Features of trip diagnostic tools are available now. System configuration experiences will be summarized in this report.
	Slides

WEOCG03	RF Reference Signal Distribution System for FAIR	target, antiproton, linac, ion	1935
	M. Bousonville GSI, Darmstadt P. Meissner TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
	For the synchronisation of RF systems in the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotrons and storage rings, an RF Reference Signal Distribution System is being developed. The FAIR RF cavities need signals with different phases and frequencies. Furthermore, frequency ramps with RF frequency ratios of up to 7 have to be realized in all rings. To enable this functionality, the distribution system provides two different clock signals to several locations within the facility that will be up to 1 km apart. By means of these clock signals, frequency generators can be synchronised that generate the RF signals needed for the cavities. For the transmission of the clock signals, an optical network based on the DWDM method (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) will be used. The delay will permanently be measured and by means of the delay data, a clock regenerator produces a phase synchronous and stable reference signal at the end of each transmission line. A delay measurement accuracy of better than 100 fs has been achieved. The presentation focuses on the design of the system as well as the performance of the prototype.
	Slides

WEOAM01	Operation Status of the SCSS Test Accelerator: Continuous Saturation of SASE FEL at the Wavelength Range from ~50 to 60 nanometers	undulator, electron, laser, emittance	1944
	H. Tanaka, T. Fukui, T. Hara, A. Higashiya, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, S. I. Inoue, T. Ishikawa, H. Kitamura, M. K. Kitamura, H. Maesaka, M. Nagasono, T. Ohshima, Y. Otake, T. Sakurai, T. Shintake, K. Shirasawa, T. Tanaka, K. Togawa, M. Yabashi RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo T. Asaka, T. Hasegawa, H. Ohashi, S. Takahashi, S. Tanaka JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken T. Tanikawa RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo
	The SPring-8 compact SASE source (SCSS) test accelerator for XFEL/SPring-8 was constructed in 2005. The first lasing at 49 nm, though not reached saturation, was observed with the 250-MeV electron beam in June 2006. Towards the saturation, we started stabilizing the RF system in the injector section, which dramatically stabilized the lasing condition. The stable operation enables us to tune each of the machine parameter precisely by using the lasing response. The second undulator, which did not sufficiently contribute to the first lasing because of large multipole field errors, was replaced by new one. These improvements led us to the successful observation of SASE saturation at the wavelength ranging from ~50 to 60 nm in September 2007. A pulse-energy of 30 uJ is routinely obtained at 60 nm. Analysis of the obtained SASE saturation data with a 3D-FEL simulation code, SIMPLEX, suggests that the electron beam emittance is almost unchanged through the bunch compression process. The stable and intense EUV SASE FEL has been offered for user experiments since October 2007. The achieved electron beam performance, lasing property as well as the latest analysis result will be presented.
	Slides

WEOBM02	Lessons Learned from PEP-II LLRF and Longitudinal Feedback	feedback, klystron, simulation, kicker	1953
	J. D. Fox, T. Mastorides, C. H. Rivetta, D. Van Winkle SLAC, Menlo Park, California D. Teytelman Dimtel, San Jose
	The PEP-II B Factory is in the final phase of operation at 2X the design current and 4X the design luminosity. Since the original design the machine has added 8 1.2 MW Klystrons and 12 RF cavities, and the machine is operating with longitudinal instability growth rates roughly 5X in excess of the original estimates. Since commissioning there has been continual adaptation of the LLRF control strategies, configuration tools and new hardware in response to unanticipated technical challenges. This paper presents the LLRF and feedback system evolution from the original design estimates through to the 1.2·10³⁴ final machine. We highlight issues of RF station stability, the interplay of LLRF configuration and low-mode (cavity fundamental driven) longitudinal instabilities, impacts of non-linearities and imperfections in the LLRF electronics, control of HOM driven beam instabilities and the development of configuration tools and measurement techniques to optimally configure the LLRF over the wide range of operating currents. We present valuable "lessons learned" which are of interest to designers of next generation impedance controlled LLRF systems.
	Slides

WEIM05	Institutional and Industrial Partnerships	linac, synchrotron, feedback, instrumentation	1972
	C. J. Bocchetta Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
	To be successful, accelerator projects require close interaction with industry for design, engineering and construction. Partnership and cooperation between institutes and industry is a means to transfer knowledge and foster innovation in the private sector, while the public sector benefits from best practices, efficient use of resources and pooled knowledge. An overview of partnerships between institutions and industry is given with examples from active projects.
	Slides

WEPC025	First 18 Months Operation of the Diamond Storage Ring RF System	storage-ring, vacuum, resonance, synchrotron	2037
	M. Jensen, M. Maddock, P. J. Marten, S. A. Pande, S. Rains, A. F. Rankin, D. Spink, A. V. Watkins Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Since the Diamond Light Source became operational in January 2007, the storage ring RF system has operated for 5000 hours in 2007 and is scheduled to operate for 5350 hrs in 2008. This paper presents some of the key challenges of the storage ring RF system including reliability, performance observations and future improvements.

WEPC030	Diamond Light Source: Moving from Commissioning to Full Machine Operation	injection, storage-ring, feedback, single-bunch	2052
	V. C. Kempson Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Diamond Light Source commenced routine operations in January 2007 providing light to beam lines for 3000 hours in 2007 with 4000 hours planned during 2008. During shut down periods Insertion Devices and photon Beam Lines, to utilise them, are being installed at a rate of four per year. The evolution of the performance of the machine during this period is described, including beam current, vacuum levels, beam lifetime etc. Machine operational statistics are also presented including a detailed fault analysis. Efforts that have been made to improve reliability are also discussed. On behalf of the Diamond machine staff.

WEPC055	General Status of SESAME	microtron, storage-ring, booster, power-supply	2115
	H. Tarawneh, T. H. Abu-Hanieh, A. Al-Adwan, M. A. Al-najdawi, A. Amro, M. Attal, D. S. Foudeh, A. Kaftoosian, T. A. Khan, F. Makahleh, S. A. Matalgah, A. M. Mosa Hamad, M. M. Shehab, S. Varnasseri SESAME, Amman A. Nadji SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	An update of the status of SESAME is presented. SESAME is a third generation light source facility under construction in Allan, Jordan. The storage ring electron beam energy is 2.5 GeV, the beam emittance is 26 nm.rad and 12 straight sections are available for Insertion Devices. The injector consists of a 22.5 MeV microtron and 800 MeV booster synchrotron, with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. The SESAME building has been handed over on Dec. 2007 and this note focuses on the upgrade and installation plans for the SESAME injector system during the 2008. In the meantime, preparations of technical specifications for most of the storage ring subsystems are in progress. In this note the conceptual design of the storage ring’s bending magnet, pulsed magnets and their power supplies, RF system, shielding wall and the cooling system are presented. The tendering of these components is expected by mid 2008.

WEPC057	Preparation for Top-up Operation at Diamond	radiation, injection, storage-ring, dipole	2121
	R. P. Walker, P. T. Bonner, F. Burge, Y. S. Chernousko, C. Christou, J. A. Dobbing, M. T. Heron, V. C. Kempson, I. P.S. Martin, G. Rehm, R. J. Rushton, S. J. Singleton, M. C. Wilson Diamond, Oxfordshire R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford
	We report on progress towards top-up operation of Diamond. We describe the extensive safety assessment that has carried out, including the measurements and simulations to assess the potential radiation doses in the case of poor injection efficiency or a top-up "accident", and the various levels of safety measures - procedures, software limits and personnel safety system interlocks - that have been implemented. We describe the top-up control algorithm, the technique used to maintain a given arbitrary filling pattern and the performance in practise. The work carried out to reduce the effect of the injection kickers on the stored beam is described, and the effect of the residual disturbance on user operation is discussed. The modifications to the timing system to provide hardware and software gating signals, and experience with the use of these, are also described.

WEPC082	Technical Considerations of the TPS Linac	linac, electron, synchrotron, bunching	2186
	A. P. Lee, H.-P. Chang, J. Chen, C.-S. Fann, K. T. Hsu, S. Y. Hsu, W. K. Lau, K.-K. Lin, K.-B. Liu, Y.-C. Liu, C. Y. Wu NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The technical considerations of the TPS (Taiwan Photon Source) linac will be presented in this report. A 150 MeV turn-key linac is chosen in this case in order to provide the ease of injection into the booster in which the electron energy will be raised up to 3 GeV. This linac will be similar to that equipping at recently commissioned synchrotron light sources. The major beam parameters are derived from the booster and storage ring injection requirements. The beam diagnostics arrangement for linac commissioning purpose will be briefly described.

WEPC095	Progress in Raising the Energy of the CAMD Linac to 300 MeV	linac, injection, klystron, simulation	2216
	Y. Wang, K. J. Morris, V. P. Suller, S. Wang LSU/CAMD, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
	The possibilities and methods for higher energy injection at CAMD have been discussed previously. All components of the former HELIOS 1 linac have now been transferred to CAMD from Jefferson Laboratory. It is planned to reconfigure the CAMD injector linac by installing one of the HELIOS accelerating sections in addition to the two existing CAMD sections, thereby increasing the energy to 300MeV. The optimum arrangement for installing the 300 MeV linac in the existing tunnel has been established. Meanwhile, the arrangements and upgrades of sub-systems are being prepared, simulations of the electron beam trajectory by MATLAB based linear accelerator program are being made, and recommissioning the major HELIOS linac components is underway. In the paper, the detailed technical design of the 300 MeV linac is proposed, the key parameters of the linac are presented, and the benefits of 300 MeV injection to the CAMD synchrotron radiation light source are mentioned.

WEPC101	Improved Homogeneity of Permanent Magnets for Undulators and Wigglers	permanent-magnet, undulator, wiggler, alignment	2234
	F.-J. Boergermann, R. Blank, G. W. Reppel Vacuumschmelze GmbH & Co. KG, Hanau J. Bahrdt BESSY GmbH, Berlin J. Pflueger DESY, Hamburg
	The homogeneity of permanent magnets for use in undulators and wigglers were significantly improved in close collaboration between industry and scientific institutes throughout the last three years. Magnets with a variation of less than ± 1% in remanence, ± 1° magnetic angle and ± 1% hot/cold-side effect can be produced now - a variation of the magnetic angle of less than ± 0.5 ° is possible for some products. The development was assisted by improved characterization equipment for magnetic dipole moment and magnetic inhomogeneities by the scientific partners, which was made available for industrial application at Vacuumschmelze.

WEPC108	Portable Magnetic Field Measurement System	laser, vacuum, feedback, undulator	2252
	J. Kulesza, A. Deyhim, E. Van Every, D. J. Waterman Advanced Design Consulting, Inc, Lansing, New York K. I. Blomqvist MAX-lab, Lund
	This portable magnetic field measurement system is a very sophisticated and sensitive machine for the measurement of magnetic fields in undulators (Planer, EPU, and Apple II), wigglers, and in-vacuum ID units. The magnetic fields are measured using 3 axis hall-effect probes, mounted orthogonally to a thin wand. The wand is mounted to a carriage that rides on vacuum air bearings. The base is granite. A flip coil is provided on two vertical towers with X, Y and Theta axes. Special software is provided to assist in homing, movement, and data collection.

WEPC109	Development of an In-vacuum Undulator System for U-SAXS Beamline at PLS	undulator, vacuum, monitoring, ion	2255
	D. J. Waterman, A. Deyhim, J. Kulesza, E. Van Every Advanced Design Consulting, Inc, Lansing, New York K. I. Blomqvist MAX-lab, Lund
	The design of a hybrid in-vacuum undulator with 20mm period, effective peak field of 1.05 Tesla, and 1800 mm magnetic length is being presented. The design requirements and mechanical difficulties for holding, positioning, and driving the magnetic arrays are explored. The structural and finite element analysis, magnetic design, and electrical considerations that influenced the design are then analyzed. This in-vacuum undulator (IVUN) is being installed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) for U-SAXS (Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering) beamline. The IVUN will generate undulator radiation up to ~14 keV using higher harmonic (upto 9th) undulator radiation with 2.5 GeV PLS electron beam.

WEPC122	Magnetic Characterization of an APPLE-II Undulator Prototype for FERMI@Elettra	undulator, quadrupole, sextupole, multipole	2294
	B. Diviacco, R. Bracco, C. Knapic, D. La Civita, D. Millo, M. Musardo, G. Tomasin, D. Zangrando ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The FERMI@Elettra free electron lasers will use APPLE-II undulators in the radiating sections to provide variably polarized photon beams. In preparation of the manufacturing of the final devices a prototype has been developed in order to test different methods of magnetic field optimization. For this purpose, an existing variable-gap support structure was equipped with a new mechanical interface providing the required longitudinal shifting of the magnetic arrays. Permanent magnet blocks were mounted on short modules and their field integrals measured using a stretched wire system. Field optimization was iteratively performed by proper selection of the modules to be mounted based on measurements of the partially assembled undulator structure. The results of the final magnetic field characterization are presented showing the achieved trajectory, phase and multipole errors. These results are compared with those of a previous assembly where the same modules were mounted in random order. Further improvements obtained by shimming and application of “magic fingers” are finally described.

WEPC124	Magnetic Measurement System for the SPARC Insertion Devices	undulator, laser, alignment, electron	2297
	M. Quattromini, F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, M. Del Franco, A. Doria, G. P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, A. Lo Bue, G. L. Orlandi, A. Petralia, P. Rossi, L. Semeraro, I. P. Spassovsky, V. Surrenti ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) A. Dipace, E. Sabia ENEA Portici, Portici (Napoli)
	The characteristics and performances of the magnetic measurement system for the SPARC insertion devices are presented. A typical configuration formed by a a Hall probe mounted on a cart sliding on a granite beam was adopted to measure the properties of the six SPARC undulator sections. This approach has been adopted usually for rapid local field measurements. In this contribution we show that precision levels comparable to those of other well established techniques can be achieved also for critical issues like alignments, field integrals, phase errors etc. A new device purposedly designed to identify the reading area of the Hall probe with respect to bench coordinate system is presented and discussed.

WEPC133	Status of the PETRA III Insertion Devices	undulator, insertion, multipole, insertion-device	2320
	M. Tischer, M. Barthelmess, U. Englisch, J. Pflueger, A. Schoeps, J. Skupin DESY, Hamburg
	The PETRA storage ring is presently reconstructed towards a third generation light source. In total, 14 undulator beamlines will be available in the new octant of the machine. We report on the status of Petra III undulators. Three prototypes with 29mm period length, two 2m and one 5m long device have been investigated by mechanical and magnetic measurements. The prototype results are the basis for the refined design of the remaining 8 planar devices which are in the procurement phase. We present preliminary magnetic results of the prototypes and also report on the APPLE–2 and the in-vacuum undulator for PETRA III.

WEPC137	Design of Two Variable Polarization Undulators for the ALBA Project	undulator, polarization, beam-losses, power-supply	2329
	D. Zangrando, R. Bracco, B. Diviacco, D. La Civita, M. Musardo, G. Tomasin ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste F. Becheri, J. Campmany, C. Colldelram, D. Einfeld, J. V. Gigante ALBA, Bellaterra Z. Martí LLS, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)
	This paper summarizes the main aspects of the magnetic, mechanical and control system design of two APPLE-II type undulators presently under construction in the framework of a collaboration between CELLS and Sincrotrone Trieste.

WEPC139	Recent Experience in the Fabrication and Brazing of Ceramic Beam Tubes for Kicker Magnets at FNAL	kicker, vacuum, booster, background	2335
	C. R. Ader, C. C. Jensen, R. E. Reilly, D. Snee, J. H. Wilson Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Ceramic beam tubes are utilized in numerous kicker magnets in different accelerator rings at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Kovar flanges are brazed onto each beam tube end, since kovar and high alumina ceramic have similar expansion curves. The tube, kovar flange, end piece, and braze foil (titanium/inconel) alloy brazing material are stacked in the furnace and then brazed in the furnace at 1000°C. The ceramic specified is Alumina 99.8% Al₂O₃, a strong recrystalized high-alumina fabricated by slip casting. Recent experience at Fermilab with the fabrication and brazing of these tubes has brought to light numerous problems including tube breakage and cracking and also the difficulty of brazing the tube to produce a leak-tight joint. These problems may be due to the ceramic quality, voids in the ceramic, thinness of the wall, and micro-cracks in the ends which make it difficult to braze because it cannot fill tiny surface cracks which are caused by grain pullout during the cutting process. Solutions which are being investigated include lapping the ends of the tubes before brazing to eliminate the micro-cracks and also metallization of the tubes.

WEPC154	Design and Fabrication of Multipole Corrector Magnet	power-supply, multipole, quadrupole, octupole	2368
	F.-Y. Lin, C.-H. Chang, H.-H. Chen, C.-S. Hwang, C. Y. Kuo NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) had started to operate in top-up mode injection since October 2005. Meanwhile, the Elliptically Polarized Undulator (EPU5.6) was operated very well in the decay mode operation. However, the partial beam loss had occurred when the top-up injection was executed at magnet gap and magnet array phase are fixed at the minimum gap and π(vertical polarization mode), respectively. In order to solve the partial beam loss, we design a new multipole corrector magnet to be installed in the downstream of the EPU5.6 to compensate for the multipole field error. This multipole magnet can provide the normal and skew components of the dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, octople, and dodecapole field components. Changeable multipole field components mechanism has been designed by using a special electric circuit. In addition, the measurement systems of Hall probe and stretch wire are used to measure the field quality of the multipole corrector magnet. This report will discuss the magnet circuit design, mechanical design, the switching mechanism of the multipole field components, and the field measurement results.

WEPC156	Development and Adjustment of the EMMA Quadrupole Magnets	quadrupole, multipole, dipole, electron	2374
	N. Marks, B. J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire M. J. Crawley, F. T.D. Goldie, B. Leigh Tesla Engineering Limited, West-Sussex
	The non-scaling FFAG EMMA, now under construction at STFC’s Daresbury Laboratory, requires 84 quadrupoles. Because of the unusual nature of these magnets, prototypes for the F and the D type quadrupoles were required. These magnets were ordered from and constructed and measured by Tesla Engineering. Subsequently, design changes have been made and modifications to the prototypes carried out. The paper will give engineering details of these prototypes, of the measurement results obtained using a rotating coil magnetometer and subsequent adjustments to clamp plates and pole profiles needed to obtain optimum three dimensional gradient quality. As a result of these developments, the construction of the magnets for the complete ring is now underway. B. J.A. Shepherd & N. Marks, “Quadrupole Magnets For The 20MeV FFAG, ‘EMMA’”, PAC 2007 (MOPAN107).

WEPD001	The Quality Control of the LHC Continuous Cryostat Interconnections	vacuum, monitoring, induction, collider	2398
	F. F. Bertinelli, D. Bozzini, P. Cruikshank, P. Fessia, W. Maan, A. Poncet, S. Russenschuck, F. Savary, Z. Sulek, J.-P. G. Tock, D. Tommasini, L. R. Williams CERN, Geneva P. B. Borowiec, A. Kotarba, S. Olek HNINP, Kraków A. Grimaud ALL43, Saint-Genis-Pouilly L. Vaudaux IEG, St-Genis-Pouilly
	The interconnections between the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) magnets have required some 40 000 TIG welded joints and 65 000 electrical splices. At the level of single joints and splices, non-destructive techniques find limited application: quality control is based on the qualification of the process and of operators, on the recording of production parameters, and on production samples. Visual inspection and process audits were the main techniques used. At the level of an extended chain of joints and splices - from a 53.5 m half-cell to a complete 2.7 km sector - quality control is based on vacuum leak tests, electrical tests and RF microwave reflectometry that progressively validated the work performed. Subsequent sector pressure tests, cryogenic circuits flushing with high pressure helium and cool-downs revealed a few unseen or new defects. The nature of defects is analyzed and classified according to their origin. Methods for defect localization are described. This paper presents an overview of the quality control techniques used and critically evaluates their effectiveness in progressively identifying defects, seeking lessons applicable to similar large, complex projects.

WEPD008	Automatic System for the DC High Voltage Qualification of the Superconducting Electrical Circuits of the LHC Machine	monitoring, cryogenics, power-supply, dipole	2416
	D. Bozzini, V. Chareyre, S. Russenschuck CERN, Geneva M. Bednarek, P. Jurkiewicz, A. Kotarba, J. Ludwin, S. Olek HNINP, Kraków
	A system has been developed to verify automatically with the application of a DC high voltage, the insulation resistance between circuits to circuit and circuit to ground. In the most complex case of the LHC machine up to 72 circuits share the same volume inside the cryogenic lines and each circuit can have an insulation fault versus any other circuit or versus ground. The system can connect up to 80 circuits and apply a voltage up to 2 kV DC. The leakage of current flowing through each circuit is measured within a range of 1 nA to 2 mA. The matrix of measurements characterizes the paths taken by the currents and recognizes weak points of the insulation between circuits. The system is composed of a DC voltage source, a data acquisition card that measures with precision currents and voltages and drives up to 5 high voltage switching modules offering each 16 channels. A LabVIEW based application controls the system for an automatic and safe operation. This paper describes the hardware and software design, the testing methodology and the results obtained during the qualification of the LHC superconducting circuits.

WEPD012	The LHC Continuous Cryostat Interconnections: the Organization of a Logistically Complex Worksite Requiring Strict Quality Standards and High Output	cryogenics, vacuum, quadrupole, alignment	2428
	P. Fessia, F. F. Bertinelli, D. Bozzini, P. Cruikshank, A. Jacquemod, W. Maan, A. Musso, L. Oberli, A. Poncet, S. Russenschuck, F. Savary, M. Struik, Z. Sulek, J.-P. G. Tock, D. Tommasini, C. Vollinger CERN, Geneva A. Grimaud ALL43, Saint-Genis-Pouilly A. Kotarba HNINP, Kraków L. Vaudaux IEG, St-Genis-Pouilly
	The interconnections of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) continuous cryostat have been completed in autumn 2007: 1695 magnet to magnet interconnections and 224 interconnections between the continuous cryostat and the cryogenic distribution line have been closed along the 27km of the LHC. The high productivity demanded, the complexity of the interconnection sequence, the strict quality standards have required an ad hoc organization in order to steer and coordinate the activities on a worksite that was spread along the whole accelerator ring. The optimization of the intricate sequence of construction and test phases carried out by CERN staff, CERN collaborating institutes and contractors have led to the necessity of a common approach and of a very effective information flow. Specialized CERN teams have been created to deal with non standard operation to smooth the work sequences of the main assembly teams. In this paper, after having recalled the main technical challenges, we review the organizational choices that have been taken, their impact on quality and productivity and we briefly analyze the development of the worksite in term of allocated resources and production.

WEPD013	Four-Coil Superconducting Helical Solenoid Model for Muon Beam Cooling	beam-cooling, quadrupole, superconducting-magnet, dipole	2431
	V. S. Kashikhin, N. Andreev, A. N. Didenko, V. Kashikhin, M. J. Lamm, A. V. Makarov, K. Yonehara, A. V. Zlobin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn Muons, Inc, Batavia
	Novel configurations of superconducting magnets for helical muon beam cooling channels and demonstration experiments are being designed at Fermilab. The magnet system for helical cooling channels has to generate longitudinal solenoidal and transverse helical dipole and helical quadrupole fields. This paper discusses the Helical Solenoid model design and manufacturing of a 0.6 m diameter, 4-coil solenoid prototype to prove the design concept, fabrication technology, and the magnet system performance. Results of magnetic and mechanical designs with the 3D analysis by TOSCA, ANSYS and COMSOL will be presented. The model quench performance and the test setup in the FNAL Vertical Magnet Test Facility cryostat will be discussed.

WEPD016	Electrical Quality Assurance of the Superconducting Circuits during LHC Machine Assembly	cryogenics, dipole, pick-up, quadrupole	2440
	S. Russenschuck, D. Bozzini, V. Chareyre, O. Desebe, K. H. Mess CERN, Geneva M. Bednarek, D. P. Dworak, E. Gornicki, P. Jurkiewicz, P. J. Kapusta, A. Kotarba, J. Ludwin, S. Olek, M. Talach, M. Zieblinski HNINP, Kraków M. Klisch, B. Prochal AGH, Cracow
	Based on the LHC powering reference database, all-together 1712 superconducting circuits have been electrically wired and interconnected in the various cryogenic lines of the LHC machine. Continuity, magnet polarity, and the quality of the electrical insulation have been the main objectives of the Electrical Quality Assurance (ELQA) activities during the LHC machine assembly. Another activity aimed at ensuring the coherence between the reference database on one side, and the polarity conventions used for beam simulation and magnetic measurements. With the assembly of the LHC now completed, the paper reviews the methods and procedures established for the ELQA, as well as the employed time and resources. The qualification results will be presented with the emphasis on the detected electrical non-conformities and their possible impact on the performance of the LHC machine.

WEPD018	Commissioning of the LHC Current Leads	cryogenics, dipole, quadrupole, instrumentation	2446
	A. Ballarino, S. A. March, K. H. Mess CERN, Geneva
	The powering of the LHC superconducting magnets relies on more than 3000 leads transporting the current from/to the cryogenic environment and rated at currents ranging from 60 A to 13000 A. The design of these leads, about 1000 of which are based on high temperature superconducting material, was entirely done at CERN, where prototype assemblies were also assembled and tested, while the series production was done in external laboratory and companies on the basis of build-to-print specification. This report summarizes the results of the tests performed during the commissioning of the LHC machine, when the leads underwent the thermal and electrical cycles necessary for the powering of the LHC superconducting circuits.

WEPD023	Multi-purpose Fiber Optic Sensors for HTS Magnets	superconducting-magnet, monitoring, optics, background	2458
	J. Schwartz NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn, M. Kuchnir Muons, Inc, Batavia
	Magnets using new high temperature superconductor (HTS) materials are showing great promise for high magnetic field and/or radiation environment applications such as particle accelerators, NMR, and the plasma-confinement systems for fusion reactors. The development and operation of these magnets is limited, however, because appropriate sensors and diagnostic systems are not yet available to monitor the manufacturing and operational processes that dictate success. Optical fibers are being developed to be imbedded within the HTS magnets to monitor strain, temperature and irradiation, and to detect quenches. In the case of Bi2212, the fiber will be used as a heat treatment process monitor to ensure that the entire magnet has reached thermal equilibrium. Real-time measurements will aid the development of high-field magnets that are subject to large Lorentz forces and allow the effective detection of quenches so that the stored energy of operating magnets can be extracted and/or dissipated without damaging the magnet.

WEPD026	The Special LHC Interconnections: Technologies, Organization and Quality Control	cryogenics, insertion, vacuum, superconducting-magnet	2464
	J.-P. G. Tock, F. F. Bertinelli, D. Bozzini, P. Cruikshank, O. Desebe, M. F. Felip-Hernando, C. Garion, A. Jacquemod, N. Kos, F. Laurent, A. Poncet, S. Russenschuck, I. Slits, L. R. Williams CERN, Geneva L. Hajduk HNINP, Krakow L. Vaudaux IEG, St-Genis-Pouilly
	In addition to the standard interconnections of the continuous cryostat of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), there exists a variety of special ones related to specific components and assemblies, such as cryomagnets of the insertion regions, electrical feedboxes and superconducting links. Though they are less numerous, their specificities created many additional interconnection types, requiring a larger variety of assembly operations and quality control techniques, keeping very high standards of quality. Considerable flexibility and adaptability from all the teams involved (CERN staff, collaborating institutes, contractors) were the key points to ensure the success of this task. This paper first describes the special interconnections and presents the employed technologies which are adapted from the standard work. Then, the organization adopted for this non-repetitive work is described. Examples of non-conformities that were resolved are also discussed. Figures of merit in terms of quality and productivity are given and compared with standard interconnections work.

WEPD033	A Demonstration Experiment for the Forecast of Magnetic Field and Field Errors in the Large Hadron Collider	dipole, sextupole, multipole, quadrupole	2482
	N. J. Sammut, R. Alemany-Fernandez, L. Bottura, G. Deferne, M. Lamont, J. Miles, S. Sanfilippo, M. Strzelczyk, W. Venturini Delsolaro, P. Xydi CERN, Geneva N. J. Sammut University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
	In order to reduce the burden on the beam-based feedback, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) control system is embedded with the Field Description for the LHC (FiDeL) which provides a forecast of the magnetic field and the multipole field errors. FiDeL has recently been extensively tested at CERN to determine main field tracking, multipole forecasting and compensation accuracy. In this paper we describe the rationale behind the tests, the procedures employed to characterize and power the main magnets and their correctors, and finally, we present the results obtained. We also give an indication of the prediction accuracy that the system can deliver during the operation of the LHC and we discuss the implications that these will have on the machine performance.

WEPD034	Main Field Tracking Measurement in the LHC Superconducting Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets	dipole, quadrupole, instrumentation, injection	2485
	P. Xydi, R. Alemany-Fernandez, L. Bottura, G. Deferne, M. Lamont, J. Miles, R. Mompo, M. Strzelczyk, W. Venturini Delsolaro CERN, Geneva N. J. Sammut University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
	One of the most stringent requirements during the energy ramp of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to have a constant ratio between dipole-quadrupole and dipole-dipole field so as to control the variation of the betatron tune and of the beam orbit throughout the acceleration phase, hence avoiding particle loss. To achieve the nominal performance of the LHC, a maximum variation of ±0.003 tune units can be tolerated. For the commissioning with low intensity beams, acceptable bounds are up to 30 times higher. For the quadrupole-dipole integrated field ratio, the above requirements translate in the tight windows of 6 ppm and 180 ppm, while for dipole differences between sectors the acceptable error is of the order of 10^-4. Measurement and control at this level are challenging. For this reason we have launched a dedicated measurement R&D to demonstrate that these ratios can be measured and controlled within the limits for machine operation. In this paper we present the techniques developed to power the magnets during the current ramps, the instrumentation and data acquisition setup used to perform the tracking experiments, the calibration procedure and the data reduction employed.

WEPD038	Thermal and Structural Modeling of the TTF Cryomodule Cooldown and Comparison with Experimental Data	simulation, cryogenics, radiation, monitoring	2494
	S. Barbanotti, P. Pierini INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) K. Jensch, R. Lange, W. Maschmann DESY, Hamburg
	The study of thermal and structural behavior during cooldown/warmup of long SRF cryostats is important for both the XFEL and ILC, which base the design on the successful TTF design. We present the finite elements analysis of the main internal components of the cryomodules during the transient cooldown and warmup, comparing the data obtained with data taken at DESY on the linac.

WEPD039	Evolution of the Standard Helium Liquefier and Refrigerator Range designed by Air Liquide DTA, France	cryogenics, synchrotron, neutral-beams, simulation	2497
	S. Crispel, G. Aigouy, A. Caillaud, F. Delcayre, V. Grabie Air Liquide, Division Techniques Avancées, Sassenage
	The standard helium liquefier and refrigerator range, called HELIAL, designed by Air Liquide DTA, has been upgraded with significant improvement of efficiency as a result of technological development.. Indeed in the demanding high tech markets, (international laboratories, aerospace applications, synchrotrons, HTS applications…), cryogenic systems must provide increasingly high performances. The new HELIAL Evolution is equipped with Air Liquide's expansion turbines, well known for their extremely high reliability and efficiency,. The results of this development endowing the HELIAL Evolution with twice liquefaction capacity, are presented in this paper.

WEPD040	Outcome of the Commissioning of the Readout and Actuation Channels for the Cryogenics of the LHC	instrumentation, cryogenics, site, operational-performance	2500
	G. Fernandez Penacoba, C. Balle, J. Casas-Cubillos, J. De La Gama, P. Gomes, E. Gousiou, N. Jeanmonod, A. Lopez Lorente, E. Molina Marinas, A. Suraci, N. Vauthier CERN, Geneva
	The installation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been completed and its commissioning is now in progress. The LHC is the largest cryogenic installation ever built. It includes 1700 superconducting magnets, a cryogenic distribution line (QRL) running parallel to the accelerator, 52 electrical distribution feedboxes (DFB) supporting the superconducting current leads that supply power to the magnets circuits, and 16 superconducting RF accelerating cavities. For its operation more than 10 000 sensors and actuators are required. The commissioning of this instrumentation includes the validation of both hardware (installed sensors, cabling, front-end electronics, communication field-buses) and software (databases extraction, programmable logic controllers programs, supervision coherence). At present point, having provided the cryogenic instrumentation for the operation in half of the LHC, more than 95% of the channels are working within specifications. This paper presents the commissioning strategy, tracking policy, and performance results after commissioning of the cryogenic instrumentation for the LHC.

WEPD041	Continuous Operation of Cryogenic System for Synchrotron Light Source	cryogenics, superconducting-magnet, storage-ring, synchrotron	2503
	F. Z. Hsiao, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, H. C. Li, H. H. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The availability of user time is an important index for the performance evaluation of a synchrotron light source. In NSRRC two cryogenic plants are installed for liquid helium supply to the superconducting magnets and the superconducting cavity of the electron storage ring. As a subsystem of the storage ring, the objective of continuous helium supply without interruption is important for the cryogenic plant. The target to shorten the recovery time of the storage ring, if the cryogenic plant trips, is another issue. Component failure and system maintenance are two main reasons interrupting operation of the cryogenic plant. This paper shows our strategy on the scheduled maintenance of either the cryogenic plant or the utility system to keep continuous liquid helium supply. Two tests to shorten the recovery time are presented: the first is liquid helium supply from both cryogenic plants simultaneously; the second is restarting the on-duty cryogenic plant with the other dewar providing helium to the superconducting devices.

WEPD042	Development of a Simulation Module for the Cryogenic System	cryogenics, simulation, superconducting-magnet, synchrotron	2506
	H. C. Li, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, F. Z. Hsiao, H. H. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	In NSRRC two 450W cryogenic systems were installed on the year 2002 and 2006, respectively. After long time operation some behavior and setting parameters of the cryogenic system did not satisfy our requirement because of the deterioration of electrical sensors and valves. To ask the manufacturer to solve those problems, it took lots of time in the communication of problem description and the modification of control program. A simulation module for the cryogenic system is thus developed to trace the procedure before and after modification of the control program. This paper details the simulation module and shows the usefulness of this module on evaluation of the software modification for cryogenic system.

WEPD043	Orbital Welding of QRL Line in Confined Environment	cryogenics, vacuum, alignment, collider	2509
	E. P. Roussel Air Liquide, Sassenage P. J.D. P. Mazoyer ORBITAL, Vonnas
	AIR LIQUIDE DTA was in charge of design, manufacturing of element and installation of QRL line of CERN. The elements of this cryogenic line have been welded by orbital welding with an open weld head. A specific welding head has been developed for the project. Radial and axial clearances lead the design of the head. To install this cryogenic line, more than 15 000 orbital welds have been realized. This paper will present the technical requirements applicable to QRL line, different welding configuration, main step to qualify welding process. We will describe the results of non destructive examination: helium leak test, X-ray inspection and visual inspection.

WEPD044	Efficiency Analysis for the Cryogenic System at NSRRC	cryogenics, simulation, superconducting-magnet, synchrotron	2512
	H. H. Tsai, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li NSRRC, Hsinchu
	Three superconducting magnets and one superconducting cavity for RF are cooled by two 450W liquid helium system at NSRRC. These two systems were made up of Claude cycle which is usually compared in their performance to that of the ideal Carnot cycle. This paper presents the efficiency analysis for the cryogenic system. Based on the analysis, the power transfer to the process change for the operation will be performed. In addition, it also shows the way to identify the problems when done the trouble shooting for part of erratic response of the plant. The carnot efficiency also provides an important index of the performance, especially when we done the process control.

WEPP005	Measurements and Effects of the Magnetic Hysteresis on the LHC Crossing Angle and Separation Bumps	simulation, beam-beam-effects, cryogenics, dipole	2530
	N. J. Sammut, H. Burkhardt, C. Giloux, W. Venturini Delsolaro, S. M. White CERN, Geneva N. J. Sammut University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
	The superconducting orbit corrector magnets (MCBC and MCBY) in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be used to generate parallel separation and crossing angles at the interaction points during the different phases that will bring the LHC beams into collision. However, the field errors generated by the inherent hysteresis in the operation region of the orbit correctors may lead to unwanted orbit perturbations that could have a critical effect on luminosity. This paper presents the results obtained from dedicated cryogenic measurements on the orbit correctors from the simulated results on the impact of the hysteresis on the LHC orbit.

WEPP059	Automatic Post-operational Checks for the LHC Beam Dump System	kicker, dumping, extraction, diagnostics	2653
	E. Gallet, J. Axensalva, V. Baggiolini, E. Carlier, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Lamont, N. Magnin, J. A. Uythoven, H. Verhagen CERN, Geneva
	In order to ensure the required level of reliability of the LHC beam dump system a series of internal post-operational checks after each dump action must be performed. Several data handling and data analysis systems are required internally and at different levels of the LHC control system. This paper describes the data acquisition and analysis systems deployed for post-operational checks, and describes the experience from the commissioning of the equipment where these systems were used to analyse the dump kicker performance.

WEPP065	Beam Commissioning of the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line TI 2	extraction, radiation, optics, proton	2668
	J. A. Uythoven, G. Arduini, R. W. Assmann, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, V. Kain, A. Koschik, T. Kramer, M. Lamont, V. Mertens, S. Redaelli, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The transfer line for the LHC Ring 1 was successfully commissioned with beam in the autumn of 2007. After extraction from the SPS accelerator and about 2.7 km of new transfer line, the beam arrived at the temporarily installed beam dump, about 50 m before the start of the LHC tunnel, without the need of any beam threading. This paper gives an overview of the hardware commissioning period and the actual beam tests carried out. It summarises the results of the beam test optics measurements and the performance of the installed hardware.

WEPP075	Effects of the Cryogenic Operational Conditions on the Mechanical Stability of the FLASH Linear Accelerator Modules	quadrupole, electron, cryogenics, linac	2692
	R. Amirikas, A. Bertolini, J. Eschke, M. Lomperski DESY, Hamburg
	The Free electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) accelerating modules have been instrumented with vertical geophones on their corresponding quadrupoles and their vacuum vessels. The signals from these geophones are constantly monitored and the data are integrated into the control system of the accelerator. Therefore, vibration stability studies of a string of superconducting accelerating modules, in various cryogenic conditions, are now possible for the first time. The results of this experiment will be an important reference for both the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and the International Linear Collider (ILC) linear accelerators which are expected to take advantage from the separation between the feed lines of the 4.5 K shield and of the quadrupole, which will operate in a 2 K Helium-II bath.

WEPP093	Prototype of Parallel Coupled Accelerating Structure	coupling, focusing, resonance, linac	2737
	A. E. Levichev, V. M. Pavlov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk Y. D. Chernousov ICKC, Novosibirsk V. Ivannikov, I. V. Shebolaev ICKC SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The prototype of parallel coupled accelerating structure is developed. It consists of five accelerating cavities, common excitation cavity and RF power waveguide feeder. The excitation cavity is a segment of rectangular waveguide loaded by cupper pins. The excitation cavity operate mode is TE₁₀₅. Connection between excitation cavity and accelerating cavities is performed by magnetic field. The expressions for coupled factor excitation cavity to accelerating cavities and coefficient of efficiency for RF power transmission from generator to accelerating cavities are obtained using coupled cavities theory. The parallel coupled accelerating structure electrodynamic characteristics are measured.

WEPP096	Nextef: The 100MW X-band Test Facility in KEK	klystron, linear-collider, collider, linac	2740
	S. Matsumoto, M. Akemoto, S. Fukuda, T. Higo, N. Kudoh, H. Matsushita, H. Nakajima, T. Shidara, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki
	Nextef is a new X-band test facility in KEK. By combining the power from two klystrons, 100MW-class X-band RF power will be available. The facility is for researches on future high gradient linear accelerators. The commissioning operation of the whole facility was started in November 2007. It is planed to conduct high power testing of X-band accelerator structures as well as the fundamental researches such as the RF breakdown experiment with specially designed waveguides.

WEPP106	High-gradient Experiments with Narrow Waveguides	klystron, vacuum	2758
	K. Yokoyama, S. Fukuda, Y. Higashi, T. Higo, N. K. Kudo, S. Matsumoto KEK, Ibaraki
	High-gradient RF breakdown studies are presently being conducted at Nextef. To study the characteristics of different materials on high-field RF breakdown, we have performed experiments by using a reduced cross-sectional waveguide that has a field of approximately 200MV/m at an RF power of 100MW. A description of the high-gradient testing of copper and stainless-steel waveguides is reported.

WEPP108	The MICE Diffuser System	emittance, optics, dipole, target	2761
	M. Apollonio, J. H. Cobb, T. Handford, P. Lau, W. Lau, J. Tacon, M. Tacon, S. Q. Yang OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. Dawson JAI, Oxford
	The MICE experiment at RAL will measure the performance of a cooling channel in a variety of configurations of momentum and initial emittance. Coverage in phase space relies on the MICE diffuser, a system with five different thickness lead degraders, remotely operated in a high magnetic field. Technical issues and degrader optimisation for beam matching are discussed.

WEPP125	Analysis of the Vertical Beam Instability in CTF3 Combiner Ring and New RF Deflector Design	resonance, emittance, simulation, impedance	2791
	D. Alesini, C. Biscari, A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	In the last CTF3 run (November 2007) a vertical beam instability has been found in the Combiner Ring during operation. Possible sources of the instability are the vertical deflecting modes excited by the beam in the RF deflectors. In the first part of the paper we illustrate the results of the beam dynamics analysis obtained by a dedicated tracking code that allows including the induced transverse wake field and the multi-bunch multi-passage effects. To reduce the effects of such vertical trapped modes, the RF deflectors have been modified and two new deflectors have been designed. They have been made in aluminium and have two more ports in the input and output coupler cells to absorb the beam induced field on the vertical modes. The design of the new deflectors and the RF measurements are then presented in the paper.

WEPP129	Digital Acceleration Scheme of the KEK All-ion Accelerator	acceleration, induction, ion, synchrotron	2797
	T. S. Dixit GUAS/AS, Ibaraki Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, K. Takayama KEK, Ibaraki
	R&D works to realize an all-ion accelerator (AIA)-capable of accelerating all ions of any possible charge state, based on the induction synchrotron concept, which was demonstrated using the KEK 12 GeV-PS in 2006 , is going on. In the induction synchrotron, unlike an RF synchrotron, operational performance is not limited due to the frequency band-width, since the switching power supply to energize the induction acceleration system is triggered by signals obtained from the bunch monitor. For a POP experiment of AIA, argon ions will be accelerated in the KEK-500 MeV booster ring, a Rapid Cycle Synchrotron (f=20 Hz) and the RCS requires a dynamic change in the acceleration voltage. Since the induction acceleration voltage per pulse is fixed, a novel technique combining the pulse density control and intermittent operation of multi-acceleration cells has been proposed. The acceleration scheme of the AIA fully employing this technique was verified by computer simulation and demonstrated at our test facility, where a new induction acceleration cell generating an acceleration voltage pulse of 2 μsec long was triggered by a beam simulator to mimic a circulating Ar beam in the KEK-AIA K. Takayama, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, Y. Shimosaki, T. Dixit, K. Torikai, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304 (2007). **K. Takayama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007).

WEPP132	Efficiency Enhancement of Active High-Power Pulse Compressors	coupling, extraction, plasma	2803
	S. V. Kuzikov, Yu. Danilov, A. A. Vikharev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod
	High power microwaves needed to accelerate particles in multi-TeV colliders can be produced using active pulse compressors. An active compressor has a storage cavity whose Q-factor is modulated by means of RF switch. An efficiency of such compressor is limited due to diffraction losses at power accumulation regime and in conventional case does not exceed 81.4%. A new microwave pulse compressor operated with a superposition of quasi-degenerated modes is suggested. A proper choice of eigen frequencies and Q-factors of these modes allows essential enhancement of efficiency (asymptotically up to 100%). A 30 GHz project of multi-megawatt compressor based on dual-mode circular cross-section cavity is considered.

WEPP138	Experimental Demonstration of Ultrashort μJ-Class Pulses in the Terahertz Regime from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator	laser, radiation, electron, plasma	2818
	G. R.D. Plateau, C. G.R. Geddes, N. H. Matlis, C. B. Schroeder, C. Toth, J. van Tilborg LBNL, Berkeley, California O. Albert LOA, Palaiseau E. Esarey, W. Leemans University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
	Ultrashort terahertz pulses with energies in the μJ range can be generated with laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA), which are novel, compact accelerators that produce ultrashort electron bunches with energies up to 1 GeV* and energy spreads of a few-percent. Laser pulses interacting with a plasma create accelerated electrons which upon exiting the plasma emit terahertz pulses via transition radiation. Because they are only tens of femtoseconds long, electron bunches can radiate coherently (CTR) in a wide bandwidth (~ 1 - 10 THz) yielding terahertz pulses of high intensity,. In addition to providing a non-invasive bunch-length diagnostic*** and thus feedback for the LWFA, these high peak power THz pulses are suitable for high field (MV/cm) pump-probe experiments. Here we present energy-based measurements using a Golay cell and a single-shot electro-optic technique which were used to characterize the full waveform of these μJ-class THz pulses, including phase and amplitude information. W. P. Leemans et al. N. P. 2/696 (2006). W. P. Leemans et al. P. R.L. 91/074802 (2003). C. B. Schroeder et al. P. R.E 69/016501 (2004). **J. van Tilborg et al. P. R.L. 96/014801 (2006).

WEPP162	Beam Impact Studies on ILC Collimators	simulation, electron, photon, target	2865
	G. Ellwood STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J.-L. Fernandez-Hernando, J. K. Jones STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire M. Slater, N. K. Watson Birmingham University, Birmingham
	Spoilers in the ILC Beam Delivery System are required to survive without failure a minimum of 1-2 direct impacts of 250 GeV-500 GeV bunch of electrons or positrons, in addition to maintaining low geometric and resistive wall wake fields. Simulations were completed to determine the energy deposition of an ILC bunch to a set of different spoiler designs. These shower simulations were used as inputs to thermal and mechanical studies using ANSYS. This paper presents the results of testing carried out at the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK used to validate the simulations. Results from the first phase of testing, in which electron bunches of varying charge were incident on TI-6Al-4V foils, are presented and compared with simulations.

THPPGM01	A Control and Systems Theory Approach to the High Gradient Cavity Detuning Compensation	feedback, resonance, coupling	2952
	R. Paparella INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	The compensation of dynamic detuning is of primary importance in order to operate TESLA type cavities at the high accelerating gradient foreseen for the ILC (31.5 MV/m). This article firstly resumes recent successful experiences of open loop compensation of the Lorentz force detuning, repetitive and synchronous to the RF pulse, using fast piezoelectric actuators with different fast tuning systems. Possible strategies and results for the closed loop compensation of the stochastic microphonic detuning are also presented. Lastly, a deep characterization of the system under control is given, exploiting the system transfer functions acquired through both installed piezo actuators/sensors and phase locked measurements. This ultimately allows the analytical modeling of the behavior of cavity detuning and of its active compensation with piezoelectric actuators.
	Slides

THPC001	Synthesis of Optimal Nanoprobe (Linear Approximation)	focusing, ion, target, quadrupole	2969
	S. N. Andrianov, A. A. Chernyshev, N. S. Edamenko, Yu. V. Tereshonkov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	High energy focused ion (proton) micro- and nanoprobes are intensively integrated to powerful analytical tool for different scientific and technological aims. Requirements for beam characteristics of similar focusing systems are extremely rigid. The value of demagnification for micro- and nanoprobes is the main optimality criteria, and as desirable value are in the range from 50 to 100 or even more. In the paper, we reconsider the basic properties of first order focusing systems from an optimal viewpoint. The matrix formalism allows us to formulate a nonlinear programming problem for all parameters of guiding elements. For this purpose there are used computer algebra methods and tools as the first step, and then some combination of special numerical methods. As a starting point for nanoprobe we consider so called “russian quadruplet”. On the next steps, we also investigate other types of nanoprobes. Some graphical and tabular data for nanoprobe parameters are cited as an example.

THPC002	Synthesis of Optimal Nanoprobe (Nonlinear Approximation)	octupole, focusing, quadrupole, multipole	2972
	S. N. Andrianov, N. S. Edamenko, Yu. V. Tereshonkov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	This paper is a continuation of the paper devoted to synthesis of optimal nanoprobe in linear approximation. Here the main goal is the optimization of nanoprobe including nonlinear aberrations of different nature up to third order. The matrix formalism for Lie algebraic methods is used to account for nonlinear aberrations. This method gives a possibility to consider nonlinear effects separately. Here we mean that a researcher can start or remove different kind of nonlinearities. This problem is separated into several parts. On the first step, we consider possibilities of additional optimization for some structures, selected on the step of linear approximation. The most of aberrations have harmful character, and their effect must be maximally decreased. Therefore, on the next steps, some we use analytical and numerical methods for generation of nonlinear corrected elements. The matrix formalism allows reducing the correction procedure to linear algebraic equations for aberration coefficients. Some examples of corresponding results are given.

THPC020	Emittance Exchange at the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector	emittance, optics, diagnostics, electron	3020
	T. W. Koeth Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey L. Bellantoni, H. T. Edwards, R. P. Fliller, A. H. Lumpkin, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	A transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange experiment is underway at the A0 Photoinjector at Fermilab. Our scheme employs a TM110 deflecting mode RF cavity between two magnetic doglegs proposed by Kim et. al. The beamline has been installed, characterization of the beamline is complete and data taking has begun. In this paper we report on efforts to date to observe the transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange. Measurements will be compared to analytical predictions and simulations.

THPC036	Model Based Orbit Correction in a Diagnostics Deficient Region	linac, dipole, beam-losses, diagnostics	3056
	A. P. Shishlo, A. V. Aleksandrov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	A method is presented for an orbit correction in a region where the number of beam position monitors is much less than the number of possible trajectory distortions points (quads). The method was developed for the Coupled Cavities Linac (CCL) part of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac. The orbit correction is very important in this region to minimize losses and activation, but the usual orbit correction method did not work here. The new method is based on a usage of a realistic online model. The parameters of the model were defined by multidimensional fitting procedure with a substantial array of measured trajectories in CCL. The procedure of parameters finding, model, and results are discussed.

THPC040	Comparative Analysis of Different Kinds of Effects in the Nanoprobe	focusing, target, quadrupole, ion	3065
	Yu. V. Tereshonkov, S. N. Andrianov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	Different kinds of parasitic effects in a nanoprobe are investigated. In this paper we consider the focusing system of nanoprobe, which consists of quadrupole lenses, but some results are also discussed for solenoids as focusing elements. The results of the similar analysis make it possible to design a number of goal-seeking strategies for selecting the optimal beam line structure. The influence of different linear and nonlinear aberrations is investigated using analytical and numerical methods and tools. For this purpose we present the beam line propagator based on a matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. In conclusion, some results of fulfilled modeling are analyzed.

THPC042	Uncoupled Achromatic Tilted S-bend	quadrupole, dipole, electron, coupling	3071
	N. Tsoupas, A. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, W. W. MacKay BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	A particular section of one of the electron beam transport lines, to be used in the e-cooling project* of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), is constrained to bend the beam simultaneously in both the horizontal and vertically planes and also be achromatic in both planes. The simultaneous horizontal and vertical achromatic bend is accomplished by rotating, about the longitudinal axis of the beam, the dipole and quadrupole elements of this section of the line. However such a rotation of the magnetic elements may couple the transported beam through the first order beam transfer matrix (linear coupling). In this paper we investigate for a sufficient condition, that the first order transport matrix (R-matrix) can satisfy, under which such a section of a beam transfer line is both achromatic and also constrains the beam at the exit of the line to emerge linearly uncoupled. We also provide a complete solution for the beam optics, of this part of the beam transfer line, which satisfies achromaticity and no first order beam coupling. *htpp://www.bnl.gov/cad/eRhic/Documents/AD_Position_Paper_2007.pdf

THPC087	Electron Traps and Advanced Turbulence Diagnostic	electron, laser, cathode, diagnostics	3191
	M. Cavenago INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova G. Bettega, F. Cavaliere, R. Pozzoli, M. Rome INFN-Milano, Milano
	In the electron trap Eltrap both trapped and propagating beam (along the magnetic field axis z) up to 20 kV can be studied. Beam structures in x and y (transverse plane) were successfully detected. Main diagnostic and axial control of instabilities was based on electrostatic. The addition of an external electron source, controlled by a laser, makes ns electron bunches now possible. A system to dump the electron beam off axis is also described. Faster diagnostic and control methods can be tested. In particular, Thompson scattering diagnostic of beam structures can be tested, considering that a wavelength shift (even if modest) is present. Nonlinear dynamics modeling of injection process is also described.

THPC115	Commissioning of SOLEIL Fast Orbit Feedback system	feedback, photon, storage-ring, insertion	3248
	N. Hubert, L. Cassinari, J.-C. Denard, J.-M. Filhol, N. Leclercq, A. Nadji, L. S. Nadolski, D. Pedeau SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The Fast Orbit Feedback system at SOLEIL is fully integrated into the BPM system equipped with Libera modules. Indeed, the correction algorithm has been embedded into the Libera FPGA which directly drives the power supplies of dedicated air coil correctors. The beam position measurements of the 120 BPMs are distributed around the storage ring by a dedicated network. Then, the correction is computed and applied at a rate of 10 kHz to 48 correctors installed over stainless-steel bellows, on each side of every straight section. The BPM system has been operational for some time. The fast orbit feedback system is in its commissioning phase. The design and first results of the latter are reported.

THPC116	Commissioning of the iGp Feedback System at DAΦNE	feedback, single-bunch, betatron, diagnostics	3251
	A. Drago INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) J. D. Fox SLAC, Menlo Park, California D. Teytelman Dimtel, San Jose M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki
	The iGp (Integrated Gigasample Processor) is an innovative digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system developed by a KEK/SLAC/INFN-LNF joint collaboration. The processing unit can sample at 500 MHz and compute the bunch-by-bunch output signal for up to 5000 bunches. The feedback firmware code is implemented inside just one FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip, a Xilinx Virtex-II. The FPGA implements two 16 taps FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter that are realtime programmable through the operator interface. At DAΦNE, the Frascati PHI-Factory, two iGp units have been commissioned in the April 2007. The iGp systems have plugged in the previous betatron feedback systems. This insertion has been very fast and has shown no problems involving just a substitution of the old, less flexible, digital unit, letting unchanged the baseband analog frontend and the analog backend. The commissioning has been very simple, due to the complete and powerful EPICS operator interface, working well in local and remote operations. The software includes also tools for analyzing post processor data. A description of the commissioning with the operations done to find the best feedback setup are reported.

THPC118	Performance and Future Developments of the Diamond Fast Orbit Feedback System	feedback, electron, storage-ring, target	3257
	M. T. Heron, M. G. Abbott, J. A. Dobbing, G. Rehm, J. Rowland, I. Uzun Diamond, Oxfordshire S. Duncan University of Oxford, Oxford
	The electron beam in the Diamond Synchrotron Light Source is stabilised in two planes using a Global Beam Orbit Feedback system. This feedback system takes the beam position from 168 Libera electron beam position monitors, for both planes, and calculates offsets to 336 corrector power supplies at a rate ~10kHz. The design and implementation will be summarised, and system performance and first operational experience presented. Current and potential future developments of the system will be considered.

THPC119	Progress of TLS Fast Orbit Feedback System and Orbit Stability Studies	feedback, power-supply, simulation, brilliance	3260
	C. H. Kuo, J. Chen, P. C. Chiu, K. T. Hsu, K. H. Hu, D. Lee NSRRC, Hsinchu
	The orbit feedback system of the TLS has been deployed for a decade and continuously upgraded. However, due to limitation of the existing hardware, the system cannot remove orbit excursion caused by the perturbation due to fast operation of insertion devices. The newly proposed orbit feedback system with the upgraded digital BPM system and switching corrector power supply system is planned to be installed and commissioned in late 2008. The preliminary calculation on the stability performance for the orbit feedback system is presented in the report. New fast orbit feedback system can be expected to achieve a submicron stability of the electron beam working at a bandwidth of at least 60 Hz.

THPC120	Conceptual Design and Performance Estimation of The TPS Fast Orbit Feedback System	feedback, power-supply, vacuum, closed-orbit	3263
	P. C. Chiu, J. Chen, K. T. Hsu, K. H. Hu, C. H. Kuo NSRRC, Hsinchu
	A 3 GeV Synchrotron (TPS) is proposed in Taiwan. Its storage ring consists of 24 double-bend cells with 6-fold symmetry and the circumference is 518.4m. The report presents the initial design of the fast orbit feedback system (FOFB) for TPS. The system uses 168 BPMs and 168 correct magnets to stabilize global closed orbit at 10 kHz updated rate. The different subsystems are modeled: the BPM systems, the corrector magnet, vacuum chamber, and etc. The latency of the communication and computation is also studied. The preliminary calculation on the stability performance for the orbit feedback system is presented in the report. The FOFB is expected to achieve a submicron stability of the electron beam working at a bandwidth of at least 100 Hz.

THPC123	The PSI DSP Carrier (PDC) Board - a Digital Back-end for Bunch-to-bunch and Global Orbit Feedbacks in Linear Accelerators and Storage Rings	feedback, kicker, storage-ring, undulator	3272
	B. Keil, R. Kramert, G. Marinkovic, P. Pollet, M. Roggli PSI, Villigen
	PSI has developed a signal processing VXS/VME64x board for accelerator applications like low-latency bunch-to-bunch feedbacks, global orbit feedbacks or low-level RF systems. The board is a joint development of PSI/SLS staff and staff working on the contribution of PSI for the European X-ray FEL (E-XFEL). Future applications of the board include the Intra-Bunchtrain Feedback (IBFB) of the E-XFEL as well as the upgrade of the SLS Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) and Multibunch Feedback (MBFB). The PDC board has four Virtex-4 FPGAs, two TS201 Tiger Sharc DSPs, VXS and VME64x 2eSST interfaces, and two front panel SFP multi-gigabit fibre optic links. Two 500-pin LVDS/multi-gigabit mezzanine connectors allow to interface the FPGAs to two application-dependent mezzanine modules each containing e.g. four 500 Msps 12-bit ADCs and two 14-bit DACs for the IBFB and MBFB, or four multi-gigabit SFP fibre optic transceivers for the FOFB. This paper reports on hardware and firmware concepts, system topologies and synergies of future applications.

THPC125	Modeling and Simulation of the Longitudinal Beam Dynamics-RF Station Interaction in the LHC Rings	simulation, klystron, feedback, impedance	3278
	T. Mastorides, J. D. Fox, C. H. Rivetta, D. Van Winkle SLAC, Menlo Park, California P. Baudrenghien, J. Tuckmantel CERN, Geneva
	A non-linear time-domain simulation has been developed to study the interaction between longitudinal beam dynamics and RF stations in the LHC rings. The motivation for this tool is to study the effect of RF station noise, impedance, and perturbations on the beam life and longitudinal emittance. It will be also used to determine optimal LLRF configurations, to study system sensitivity on various parameters, and to define the operational and technology limits. It allows the study of alternative LLRF implementations and control algorithms. The insight and experience gained from our PEP-II simulation is important for this work. In this paper we discuss properties of the simulation tool that will be helpful in analyzing the LHC RF system and its initial results. Partial verification of the model with data taken during the LHC RF station commissioning is presented.

THPC126	Performance and Features of the Diamond TMBF System	feedback, damping, single-bunch, pick-up	3281
	A. F.D. Morgan, G. Rehm, I. Uzun Diamond, Oxfordshire
	The Diamond Transverse Multibunch Feedback System (TMBF) comprises an in-house designed and built analogue frontend to select and condition the position signals for each bunch. This is combined with the Libera Bunch-by-Bunch system to digitise the signal and perform the relevant calculations before driving the output stripline kickers. As the electronics are based on an FPGA this has allowed us to implement several features in addition to the basic feedback calculations. We report on improvements to both the analogue and digital parts of the TMBF system, along with recent achievements in using the system for instability mode stabilisation and for tune measurement. Also we discuss the potential of the system and additional functionality we plan on introducing in the near future.

THPC128	Bunch by Bunch Feedback by RF Direct Sampling	feedback, storage-ring, acceleration, damping	3287
	T. Nakamura, K. Kobayashi JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken Z. R. Zhou USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	Recent ADCs have wide analog band-width which is enough for direct sampling of the RF signal from a beam position monitor without down conversion. We employed such ADCs for our bunch-by-bunch signal processor* and performed the feedback with the direct RF sampling of the signal from a beam position monitor to detect the position of bunches. With RF direct sampling, the down conversion stage which is used in usual RF front-end circuits and is composed of mixers, filters, delays and base-band amplifiers is not necessary. This simplifies the systems, and reduces the costs and the number of the tuning parameters. The feedback system with RF direct sampling is now in operation at user mode in SPring-8. *T. Nakamura, K. Kobayashi. "FPGA BASED BUNCH-BY-BUNCH FEEDBACK SIGNAL PROCESSOR", Proc. of ICALEPCS 05.

THPC139	Properties of X-ray Beam Position Monitors at the Swiss Light Source	feedback, photon, vacuum, electron	3312
	T. Wehrli, M. Böge, J. Krempasky, E. D. van Garderen PSI, Villigen
	Tungsten blade type X-ray beam position monitors (X-BPMs) are widely used at the SLS to stabilize the photon beam position at the the micron level. Various slow (~0.5 Hz) photon beam position feedbacks (SPBPFs) being an integral part of the global orbit feedback system have been in operation for several years. They are solely based on one X-BPM reading assuming that the photon beam movement is dominated by angle changes of the electron beam. This paper reports on the operation of the first SPBPF using two X-BPMs. This allows the separation of positional and angular variations of the electron beam, which is of special importance for the recently commissioned PolLux dipole beamline, as it is mostly sensitive to position changes. Correlations between the electron beam movement and the X-BPM readings are extensively analyzed in order to disentangle systematic errors of the position determination and real orbit motion. Methods are presented on how to recognize and correct or even avoid large systematic errors of the X-BPMs. With this knowledge, the demanding requirements on X-BPM accuracy in case of a SPBPF utilizing two X-BPMs could be fulfilled for the first time at the SLS.

THPC142	The Operation Event Logging System of the SLS	feedback, linac, beam-losses, radio-frequency	3318
	A. Luedeke PSI, Villigen
	Modern 3rd generation synchrotron light sources aim for 100% availability. No single beam interruption is acceptable and every distortion of operation should be investigated: What caused the interruption? Can it be avoided in the future? If it can't be avoided, how can the recovery be accelerated? An automated event recording system has been implemented at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) in order to simplify this investigations. The system identifies distortions of the user operation and records automatically type and duration of the event. All relevant information connected to the event, from control system archive data to shift protocols, is linked to the event and presented in web pages. Additional information can be added manually. Each event will be assigned to a failure cause and area. Means to filter the events are provided. The paper will describe the concept and implementation of the even logging system at the SLS and the experiences with the system.

THPC148	Interlock – the Machine Protection Function of Libera Brilliance	instrumentation, brilliance, electron, pick-up	3336
	P. L. Lemut, T. Karcnik, A. Kosicek Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
	The basic task of Libera Brilliance is electron beam position measurement. A secondary, but no less important, task is machine protection. Libera Brilliance activates Interlock output when the beam position is outside predefined limits. The Interlock subsystem also activates when the analog-to-digital converters (AD) are saturated and the beam position is only virtually centered. AD converter saturation is detected in the multiplexed fast peak detectors using AD converter rate data. The Interlock is designed for fail-safe operation. Within the FPGA window, a comparator function is performed on the Fast Acquisition position data delivered at a 10 kHz rate. Comparison is done separately for X and Y positions. Limits and operation mode are settable through the CSPI library. To avoid manual resetting of the Interlock, logic output is designed as a monostable cell. The described circuitry has been successfully implemented and tested in both laboratory and accelerator environments.

THPC149	Beam Scraping to Detect and Remove Halo in LHC Injection	simulation, injection, proton, beam-losses	3339
	P. A. Letnes, S. Bart Pedersen, A. Brielmann, H. Burkhardt, D. K. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	Fast scrapers are installed in the SPS to detect and remove beam halo before extraction of beams to the LHC, to minimize the probability for quenching of super-conducting magnets in the LHC. We shortly describe the current system and then focus on our recent work, which aims at providing a system which can be used as operational tool for standard LHC injection. A new control application was written and tested with the beam. We describe the current status and results and compare these with detailed simulations.

THPC151	The Post-Mortem Analysis Software Used for the Electrical Circuit Commissioning of the LHC	extraction, superconducting-magnet, quadrupole, instrumentation	3345
	H. Reymond, O. O. Andreassen, C. Charrondiere, D. Kudryavtsev, P. R. Malacarne, E. Michel, A. Raimondo, A. Rijllart, R. Schmidt, N. Trofimov CERN, Geneva
	The hardware commissioning of the LHC has started in the first quarter of 2007, with the sector 7-8. A suite of software tools has been developed to help the experts with the access, visualization and analysis of the result of the tests. Using the experience obtained during this phase and the needs to improve the parallelism and the automation of the electrical circuits commissioning, a new user interface has been defined to have an overview of all pending tests and centralise the access to the different analysis tools. This new structure has been intensely used on sector 4-5 and during this time the test procedures for different types of electrical circuits have been verified, which has also allowed the implementation of new rules and features in the associated software. The hardware commissioning of the electrical circuits enters in a more critical phase in 2008, were the number of the tests executed increases rapidly as test will be performed in parallel on different sectors. This paper presents an overview on the post mortem analysis software, from its beginning as a simple graphical interface to the actual suite of integrated analysis tools.

THPC158	Measurement and Stabilization of the Bunch Arrival Time at FLASH	feedback, laser, electron, acceleration	3360
	F. Loehl, V. R. Arsov, M. Felber, K. E. Hacker, B. Lorbeer, F. Ludwig, K.-H. Matthiesen, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg W. Jalmuzna TUL-DMCS, Łódź S. Schulz, A. Winter, J. Zemella Uni HH, Hamburg J. Szewinski The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Centre Swierk, Swierk/Otwock
	To fully exploit the experimental opportunities offered by the 10 - 30 fs long light pulses from FLASH, e.g. in pump-probe experiments, precise measurements and control of the electron-bunch arrival-time on the 10 fs scale are needed. A bunch arrival time monitor (BAM) which uses the optical synchronization system of FLASH as a reference has been developed for this purpose. The bunch induced signal from a GHz-bandwidth beam pick-up is guided into an electro-optical modulator in which the periodic laser pulse train of the optical synchronization system experiences an amplitude modulation. Detection of this modulation allows to determine the bunch arrival time with a resolution of better than 20 fs. The superconducting linac of FLASH generates trains of up to 800 bunches. The BAM signals can be used for an intra-bunch train feedback stabilizing the arrival time to better than 50 fs. The feedback is capable of generating well-defined arrival time patterns within a bunch train which are useful for overlap-scans in pump-probe experiments. First results from the feedback installed at FLASH will be presented.

THPC159	Timing and Event Distribution for FERMI@ELETTRA	linac	3363
	A. Rohlev, A. O. Borga, G. D'Auria ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste L. R. Doolittle, A. Ratti LBNL, Berkeley, California J. Serrano, M. W. Stettler CERN, Geneva
	FERMI@ELETTRA is a 4th generation light source under construction at Sincrotrone Trieste. It will be operated as a seeded FEL driven by a warm S-band Linac which places very stringent specifications on control of the amplitude and phase of the RF stations. The local clock generation and distribution system at each station will not be based on the phase reference distribution but rather on a separate frequency reference distribution which has significantly less stringent phase stability requirements. This frequency reference will be embedded in the serial data link to each station and has the further advantage of being able to broadcast synchronous machine timing signals with sub-nanosecond temporal accuracy. The phase and amplitude of the phase reference line is measured for each pulse and used to calibrate the other measurements. This paper describes the architecture used to distribute the frequency reference along with the precision machine timing and clocking signals.

THPC160	An Optical Cross-correlation Scheme to Synchronize Distributed Laser Systems at FLASH	laser, diagnostics, polarization, electron	3366
	S. Schulz, V. R. Arsov, M. Felber, F. Loehl, B. Lorbeer, F. Ludwig, K.-H. Matthiesen, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, A. Winter DESY, Hamburg P. Schmüser, J. Zemella Uni HH, Hamburg B. Steffen PSI, Villigen
	The soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and the planned European XFEL generate X-ray light pulses in the femto-second range. For time-resolved pump-probe experiments, future operation modes by means of laser seeding and for special diagnostic measurements it is crucial to synchronize various laser systems to the electron beam with an accuracy better than 30 fs. For this purpose an optical synchronization system at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm is currently being installed and tested at FLASH. We developed a background-free optical cross-correlation scheme to synchronize two mode-locked laser systems of different center wavelengths and repetition rates with an accuracy better than 10 fs. The scheme was tested by linking a commercial 81 MHz Ti:Sa oscillator (center wavelength 800 nm), used for electro-optical diagnostics at FLASH, to a locally installed 40.5 MHz erbium-doped fiber laser, operating at 1550 nm. Later, this laser will be replaced by an actively length-stabilized fiber-link distributing the pulses from the 216 MHz master laser oscillator of the machine to lock the diagnostics laser to the optical synchronization system.

THPC162	The SSRF Timing System	booster, linac, injection, storage-ring	3369
	L. Y. Zhao, D. K. Liu, C. X. Yin SINAP, Shanghai
	In the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), various equipment in the 150MeV linac, the full energy booster and the 3.5GeV storage ring need to be triggered and synchronized by a low jitter timing system. An event system based on distribution network is implemented in the SSRF timing system. In this paper, the software and hardware structure of the SSRF timing system are described and the system performance is presented.

THPP003	RF System Design for the EMMA FFAG	power-supply, coupling, acceleration, linac	3377
	C. D. Beard, S. A. Griffiths, C. Hill, P. A. McIntosh, A. E. Wheelhouse STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire N. Bliss, A. J. Moss, C. J. White STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire D. Teytelman Dimtel, San Jose
	In this report the RF system design for EMMA is described. The power source options, power supplies, waveguide distribution scheme and control system is discussed. The architecture necessary to meet the operation specifications requires a large degree of adjustment. To simplify commissioning and enhance the versatility of the machine a complex RF system is desired. This report details the RF "knobs" included to meet this.

THPP012	Beam Injection Issues of FFAG for Particle Therapy	proton, injection, target, synchrotron	3401
	T. Yokoi, J. H. Cobb, G. Morgan OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. J. Easton, J. K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford
	Spot scanning irradiation is a next generation treatment scheme of particle therapy. The pulsed beam of FFAG accelerator is well fitted to the treatment. In order to form a uniform dose distribution in the target volume, intensity modulation is a requirement in spot scanning and it requires special consideration in injection in order to realize short time treatment using the pulsed beam of the FFAG. In this paper, injection related issues of NS-FFAG are discussed from the point of particle therapy, especially for spot scanning.

THPP020	Progress in the ALPI -PIAVE Low-beta Section Upgrade	linac, heavy-ion, acceleration, ion	3413
	A. Facco, F. Scarpa, D. Zenere INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	The low-b section of the PIAVE-ALPI superconducting linac is being upgraded in order to increase its energy gain from approximately 10 to about 20 MeV/q. This large increase of the accelerating voltage will be obtained by increasing by 20% the number of low-beta bulk niobium quarter-wave resonators and by upgrading the old rf system, underdimensioned in comparison with the resonator performance. This will lead to a significant enhancement of the linac capabilities, including the possibility of acceleration well above the Coulomb barrier heavy ions with any mass number. Status and technical details of the upgrade program will be described.

THPP047	Prototype of the High Voltage Section for the 2 MeV Electron Cooler at COSY	electron, feedback, acceleration, power-supply	3467
	J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich M. I. Bryzgunov, A. D. Goncharov, V. V. Parkhomchuk, V. B. Reva, D. N. Skorobogatov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The design, construction and installation of a 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Juelich is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the 2 MeV electron cooler for COSY is intended to test some new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR at FAIR/GSI. The design of the 2 MeV electron cooler will be accomplished in cooperation with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The design and first experiments of a new developed prototype of the high voltage section, consisting of a gas turbine, magnetic coils and high voltage generator with electronics is reported.

THPP057	Electron Cooling Experiments at LEIR	electron, ion, injection, gun	3497
	G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva
	The LEIR electron cooler is the first of a new generation of coolers utilising high-perveance variable-density electron beams for the cooling and accumulation of heavy ion beams. It was commissioned at the end of 2005 and has since been routinely used to provide high brightness Pb ion beams required for future LHC ion runs. High perveance, or intensity, is required to rapidly reduce the phase-space dimensions of a newly injected “hot” beam whilst the variable density helps to efficiently cool particles with large betatron oscillations and at the same time improve the lifetime of the cooled stack. In this report we present the results of recent measurements made to check and to better understand the influence of the electron beam size, intensity and density profile on the cooling performance.

THPP106	Neutrino Beam Line at J-PARC	target, proton, focusing, beam-losses	3614
	M. Shibata KEK, Tsukuba
	A neutrino beam line for the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment T2K is under construction at J-PARC in Tokai. Construction is proceeding on schedule and commissioning of the beam line will start in April of 2009. Proton beams are injected from the main ring, then bent about 80 degrees using superconducting magnets directing the beam toward the Super-Kamiokande detector. Muon neutrinos are produced from pions produced at the target. Precise beam tuning is quite important in our beam line since the beam intensity is expected to be 750 kW and failure of the tuning system may cause damage to the beam line components. For this purpose, we install four types of beam monitors in the primary beam line: CT for beam intensity, ESM for beam position, SSEM for beam profile and a loss monitor. Specifications and current status of these monitors will be reported. We report also on ground motion in the facility. Since the floor level of the neutrino beam line was observed to sink after initial construction, a level meter was installed to observe the motion continuously as it could be a serious problem for beam line alignment.

THPP120	Measurements on an A/D Interface Used in the Power Supply Control System of the Main Dipoles of CNAO	dipole, synchrotron, power-supply, pick-up	3638
	G. Franzini, D. Pellegrini, M. Serio, A. Stella INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) M. Donetti, M. Pezzetta, M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The CNAO (the Italian Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy, near Pavia) is in its final step of construction and is about to be fully operative. It is based on a synchrotron that can accelerate protons up to 250MeV and carbon ions up to 400MeV/u for the treatment of patients. In this paper we describe an A/D interface, used in the power supply control system of the synchrotron main dipoles, called B-Train. The field is measured in a dedicated dipole connected in series with the sixteen ones of the synchrotron and is then fed back to the power supply. The field is obtained integrating and digitizing the voltage induced on a pickup coil inserted in the gap of the seventeenth dipole. The A/D interface under study is based on a 64-channel current to frequency converter ASIC, in CMOS 0.35 μm technology, followed by a counter and uses a recycling integrator technique. The digital signal obtained is then used to generate a feedback signal for control system of the dipoles power supply. We present the electronic structure, the lab measurements and the behavior for various setups of the A/D interface described.

THPP121	The SSRF Storage Ring Dipole and Sextupole Magnet Power Supplies	power-supply, dipole, sextupole, storage-ring	3641
	C. L. Guo, Z. M. Dai, D. M. Li, H. Liu, T. J. Shen, W. F. Wu SINAP, Shanghai
	SSRF is a third generation synchrotron radiation light source. It has a full energy injection storage ring of 3.5GeV. The storage ring dipole magnet string and sextupole magnets strings are powered by 10 large magnet power supplies. The power supply output current ranges from 250A to 800A, and the output voltage ranges from 140V to 840V. These power supplies are digital controlled, with bridge topology, and diode rectifiers with step-down transformers. In this paper, the commissioning results of these power supplies are presented, together with the circuit topology and the control schemes.

THPP122	Fast High-Power Power Supply for Scanning Magnets of CNAO Accelerator	power-supply, booster, synchrotron, dipole	3643
	M. Incurvati OCEM spa, San Giorgio di Piano Bologna F. Burini, M. F. Farioli, G. Taddia O. C.E. M. S.p. A., Bologna I. De Cesaris, C. Sanelli, F. Voelker INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) M. Donetti, S. Toncelli CNAO Foundation, Milan S. Giordanengo, F. Marchetto INFN-Torino, Torino G. Venchi University of Pavia, Pavia
	The paper presents the design aspects and performance measurements of the CNAO Scanning Magnets’ power supply (PS) rated ±550A/±660V and developed in collaboration between OCEM SpA and INFN-CNAO. CNAO is a medical synchrotron producing carbon ions and protons for the cure of deep tumours. The Scanning Magnets are dipole magnets used to move the beam in an x-y plane at the very end of the beam extraction line. The PS current will be set in order to cover the targeted tumour area. To accomplish such a task the specifications of the PS are very stringent: current ramp speed is required to be as fast as 100 kA/s with an overall precision class of 100 ppm. Moreover the wide (20x20 cm²) area to be covered by the beam requires a wide current range. High voltage peaks are required during transients whereas low voltage is needed during steady state. The above characteristics are challenging design issues both with respect to topology and control optimization.

THPP123	Ramping Power Supplies for the SSRF Booster	power-supply, booster, dipole, feedback	3646
	R. Li, H. G. Chen, D. M. Li, S. L. Lu, T. J. Shen, D. X. Wang SINAP, Shanghai
	The SSRF booster magnetic field ramped with a 250ms ramp, 2Hz cycle rate, and biased quasi-sinusoidal wave shape is successfully realized. Two Digital Switch-mode Power Supplies (DSPS) separately deliver currents to all dipoles, and other four DSPS deliver to the quadrupoles and sextupoles in families. Tracking precision and reducing line power fluctuation requirements are particularly challenging because of the fast ramp and high inductance load. In order to meet the requirements, the magnetic energy recycle, digital regulation and novel PID correction circuit are used. On Oct. 5th 2007, after a few days commissioning of the SSRF booster, the beam was boosted up to 3.5GeV firstly in SSRF, it proved that the design of ramping power supplies was correct and the manufacture was successful. The power supply system and its performance are described in this paper.

THPP124	Commissioning of the 150 MeV SSRF Linac	linac, electron, bunching, gun	3649
	M. H. Zhao, G. Q. Lin, W. H. Liu, B. L. Wang, J. Q. Zhang, S. P. Zhong, W. M. Zhou SINAP, Shanghai
	The 150 MeV SSRF linac has been integrated and commissioned from late 2006 to middle of 2007. This paper presents the design, installation, commissioning and status of this linac.

THPP125	Performance Evaluation of the Switching Mode AC Power Supply	power-supply, booster, dipole, impedance	3652
	C.-Y. Liu, Y.-C. Chien, H. M. Shih NSRRC, Hsinchu
	In order to improve the injection efficiency, the output current waveform of the AC power supplies must be great. Therefore, to ensure smooth and efficient injection of the booster ring, the phase jitter of the AC power supplies current must be less than ±4ns. A new AC power supply is constructed and employ IGBT modules operating at higher switching frequency than the old GTO-based system for the dipole magnet. This new power supply will not only improve the phase jitter but also increase the operating efficiency than the old power supply. The measured dynamic range of the of the 10 Hz sine wave current output is better than 75dB and phase jitter is less than ±4ns. The improved performance evaluation is illustrated in the paper.

THPP126	Four Quadrant 60 A, 8 V Power Converters for LHC	radiation, dipole, feedback, hadron	3655
	L. Ceccone, V. Montabonnet CERN, Geneva
	The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator requires many true bipolar power converters (752), located under the accelerator dipole magnets in a radioactive environment. A special design and topology is required to obtain the necessary performance while meeting the criteria of radiation tolerance and compact size. This paper describes the ±60A ±8V power converter, designed by CERN to meet these requirements. Design aspects, performances and test results of this converter are presented.

THPP127	ATF2 High Availability Power Supplies	power-supply, diagnostics, monitoring, beam-losses	3658
	B. Lam, P. Bellomo, D. J. MacNair, G. R. White, A. C. de Lira SLAC, Menlo Park, California V. R. Rossi O. C.E. M. S.p. A., S. Giorgio di Piano
	ATF2 is an accelerator test facility modeled after the final focus beamline envisioned for the ILC. By the end of 2008, KEK plans to commission the ATF2. SLAC and OCEM collaborated on the design of 38 power systems for beamline magnets. The systems range in output power from 1.5 kW to 6 kW. Since high availability is essential for the success of the ILC, Collaborators employed an N+1 modular approach, allowing for redundancy and the use of a single power module rating. This approach increases the availability of the power systems. Common power modules reduces inventory and eases maintenance. Current stability requirements are as tight as 10 ppm. A novel, SLAC-designed 20-bit Ethernet Power Supply Controller provides the required precision current regulation. In this paper, Collaborators present the power system design, the expected reliability, fault immunity features, and the methods for satisfying the control and monitoring challenges. Presented are test results and the status of the power systems.

THPP129	New Generation of AD-measurement Cards for High Accuracy Measurements	power-supply, shielding	3664
	St. Schnabel, M. Emmenegger, F. Jenni, H. Jäckel, R. Kuenzi PSI, Villigen
	Current transducers, together with the AD conversion of the measured current, are the key elements of high precision power supplies. The accuracy of commercially available current transducers is within the range of a few ppm. Any degradation of this precision by the succeeding stages must be kept as small as possible. Therefore, the accuracy of the AD conversion has to be at least in the same order of magnitude. The presented AD-measurement card improves the accuracy of the available, already calibrated precise ADCs by correcting the remaining errors. The necessary accuracy can only be achieved by measuring and correcting the miscellaneous errors of ADC and involved components, like voltage reference, antialiasing filter and input amplifier. From the measured deviation a correction look-up table is derived and later processed. Other implemented means for the improvement of the precision are the stabilization of the temperature, minimization of the electromagnetic influence by galvanic isolation, reduction of electrical noise and a fully differential signal path.

THPP130	SSRF Magnet Power Supply System	power-supply, storage-ring, dipole, booster	3667
	T. J. Shen, H. G. Chen, C. L. Guo, Z. M. Hu, M. M. Huang, D. M. Li, R. Li, H. Liu, S. L. Lu, D. X. Wang, W. F. Wu, R. N. Xu, S. M. Zhu, Y. Y. Zhu SINAP, Shanghai
	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a third-generation synchrotron radiation light source. In SSRF, there are 520 sets of magnet power supplies for the storage ring and 163 sets for injector. All of the power supplies are in PWM switched mode with IGBT. A high precision stable output power supply for 40 dipoles rated at 840A/800V with the stability of ±2·10^-5/8hrs is used for the storage ring. 200 sets of chopper type power supplies are used for exciting main winding of quadrupoles independently. In the booster, two sets of dynamic power supplies for dipoles and two sets for quadrupoles run at the biased 2Hz quasi-sinusoidal wave. All above power supplies work with digital power supply controllers designed by either PSI or SINAP. All power supplies are manufactured at professional power supply companies in China.

THPP132	Review of the Initial Phases of the LHC Power Converter Commissioning	superconducting-magnet, quadrupole, instrumentation, cryogenics	3670
	H. Thiesen, D. Nisbet CERN, Geneva
	The LHC requires more than 1700 power converter systems that supply between 60A and 12kA of precisely regulated current to the superconducting magnets. For the first time at CERN these converters have been installed underground in close proximity to many other accelerator systems. In addition to the power converters themselves, many utilities such as air and water cooling, electrical power, communication networks and magnet safety systems needed to be installed and commissioned as a single system. Due to the complexity of installing and commissioning such a large infrastructure, with inevitable interaction between the different systems, a three phase test strategy was developed. The first phase comprised the manufacture, integration and reception tests of all converter sub-systems necessary for powering. The second phase covered the commissioning of all the power converters installed in their final environment with the utilities. The third phase will add the superconducting magnets and will not be covered by this paper. The planning and execution that have led to the successful completion of these initial phases are described. Results and conclusions of the testing are presented.

THPP133	Magnet Power Converters for the New Elettra Full Energy Injector	dipole, booster, quadrupole, storage-ring	3673
	R. Visintini, G. Cautero, M. Cautero, D. M. Molaro, M. Svandrlik, M. Zaccaria ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	A large number of power converters has been required to supply the coils and the magnets of the four sub-structures of the new Elettra full energy injector. The Linac, and the two transfer lines require highly stabilized DC power converters while the Booster has to be operated at 3 Hz supplying the magnets with sinusoidal current waveforms. The extraction Bumpers require slow pulse supplies. In order to keep all output voltages below 1 kV, a special connection has been adopted for the Booster dipoles. A particular type of low power four-quadrant converters with embedded Ethernet connection has been designed at Elettra for this specific project. The article will present the relevant facts about the different power converters and their performances.

THPP146	High-voltage Power Supply Distribution System	vacuum, ion, storage-ring, monitoring	3708
	M. Kobal, D. Golob, M. Plesko, A. Podborsek Cosylab, Ljubljana T. Kusterle, M. Pelko JSI, Ljubljana
	High-voltage splitters enable connecting a larger number of ion-pumps to a single ion-pump controller. In particle accelerator facilities where relatively small pumps are used, using high-voltage splitters can significantly reduce costs and rack space. By using simple high-voltage splitters some functionality of the conrollers can be lost. The presented high-volage splitter is one of the most advanced devices on the market. It measures current going to every pump in the range 100 pA to 100 mA with an accuracy of 5%. Fully configurable tables are used to convert the measured current to the pressure at the pump. Current measurements are also used to monitor cable and ion-pump aging which results in linear increase of current with time. Hardware interlocks are used to disconnect individual pumps in case of poor vacuum to avoid pump damage. The limits can be set by the user, who can also set the number of active pumps. EPICS support was developed for the device with graphical user interfaces writen in EDM, java and WebCA. Since the presented device covers or exceeds a lot of the ion-pump controller functionality, simpler controlers can be used.

THPP147	NEG Coated Chambers at SOLEIL: Technological Issues and Experimental Results	vacuum, synchrotron, radiation, storage-ring	3711
	P. Manini, A. Bonucci, A. Conte, S. Raimondi SAES Getters S.p. A., Lainate N. Béchu, C. Herbeaux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The SOLEIL accelerator complex includes a 100 MeV LINAC pre-injector, a full energy booster synchrotron and a 2.75 GeV electron storage ring with a 354-meter circumference, which provides synchrotron light to 24 photon beam lines. SOLEIL is the first synchrotron facility specifically designed to make extensive use of Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating technology to improve the vacuum, reduce bremsstralhung radiation and boost beam performances. In fact, NEG coating of the straight parts of the vacuum system covers more than 50% of the overall storage ring surface and includes 110 quadrupole and sextupole chambers as well as several conductance limited narrow insertion devices. Use of such a large amount of NEG coated chambers has posed several challenges in term of coating technology, chamber testing, installation and machine commissioning. We report in the present paper main technological issues related to the chambers preparation, film deposition, quality control and characterization. Chambers installation in the main ring, conditioning and activation procedures as well as preliminary vacuum performances will be also discussed.

THPP148	Implementation of the SSRF Vacuum Control System	vacuum, power-supply, ion, booster	3714
	H. F. Miao, W. Li, Y. J. Liu, L. R. Shen SINAP, Shanghai
	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a third generation light source consisting of a 150MeV linac, a full energy booster and a 3.5GeV storage ring. The vacuum control system is a standard hierarchical control system based on EPICS. Serial device servers are used to connect most of vacuum devices such as gauge controllers, pump power supplies to the control network directly and integrated with EPICS using soft IOC. Ethernet based PLC systems are adopted for the valves control, temperature monitor, etc. The soft IOCs are running on the rack servers and the VLAN is used for separate to the other systems. An enhanced distributed archive engine stores runtime data to centre database that using native XML data type with XML schema for data storage. It is a high performance system and running well for daily operation now.