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MOYCGM01 FAIR: Challenges Overcome and Still to be Met antiproton, dipole, superconducting-magnet, vacuum 17
 
  • H. Stöcker
    GSI, Darmstadt
  FAIR will be one of the leading accelerator facilities worldwide making use of a highly sophisticated and cost-effective accelerator concept. The intensity frontier will be pushed by several orders of magnitude for the primary and especially for the secondary beams. To reach the unprecedented beam parameters several technical challenges such as operation with high brightness, high current beams, control of the dynamic vacuum pressure or the design of rapidly cycling superconducting magnets have to be mastered. For most of those challenges solutions have been found and prototypes are being built. The remaining open questions are addressed in close collaborations with the partners of FAIR.  
slides icon Slides  
 
MOZAM01 Review of Accelerators for Radioactive Beams cyclotron, linac, proton, target 41
 
  • Y. Blumenfeld
    IPN, Orsay
  The technical difficulties that have set up hurdles for the realisation of radioactive ion beam facilities have not discouraged the design of new high-performance accelerator systems. The talk should describe the state of accelerators for radioactive ion beams around the world.  
slides icon Slides  
 
MOPC074 3D Simulations of a Non-axisymmetric High Average Current DC Photocathode Electron Gun cathode, gun, electron, simulation 238
 
  • J. W. McKenzie, B. L. Militsyn
    STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
  At high average currents, GaAs photocathode based electron guns are limited by the short operational lifetime of the photocathodes. One method to improve the cathode lifetime is to situate the photocathode off-axis to reduce the flow of ions back-bombarding the emitting surface. The results of 3D electrostatic and beam dynamic simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme and the resultant beam quality achievable.  
 
MOPC075 Cs2Te Photocathode Robustness Studies cathode, gun, vacuum, emittance 241
 
  • D. Sertore, P. M. Michelato, L. Monaco, C. Pagani
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • S. Lederer, S. Schreiber
    DESY, Hamburg
  • F. Stephan
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  Cs2Te photocathodes are used as laser driven electron sources at FLASH and PITZ. Besides many aspects of their performances, their robustness to gas exposition and the effect of pollutants on photocathode properties, and indirectly on the photoemitted electrons, are a field still rather unexplored. In this article we present the results of controlled exposition of Cs2Te photocathodes to gases typical present in the UHV environment of an RF Gun with respect to spectral response (QE vs. wavelength), and QE uniformity. Moreover, a comparison between polluted cathodes and fresh ones during operation in an RF Gun is presented.  
 
MOPC084 A Laser-driven Acceleration Method plasma, laser, target, acceleration 253
 
  • L. Torrisi, S. Gammino, D. Margarone
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • A. Borrielli, F. Caridi
    INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina
  A laser ion source (LIS) has been obtained with a repetitive pulsed laser at power density of the order of 1010 W/cm2 or higher, with pulse duration of the order of ns and repetition rate of the order of tens Hz. Any solid target can be ablated producing plasma with equivalent temperatures higher than 100 eV, densities higher than 1017/cm3 and charge states higher than 10+. Extracted current densities can be higher than 10 mA/cm2. The study of the electric fields generated inside the non equilibrium plasmas is a by-product of the research in ion generation. Ions are emitted from the plasma in the direction of the electric field with energies of the order of 50 eV/nucleon or higher, depending on the laser intensity. Emitted ions have a Boltzmann ion energy distribution depending on the ion charge state. Previous papers show that the electric field is as high as 10 MV/cm in our case. Magnetic trapping of electrons has been used to increase the ion acceleration, focusing and current. This new ion acceleration method based on LIS seems to be very interesting because it may permit to build accelerators with small dimensions and relatively low cost.  
 
MOPC089 About Carbides-made Nanoceramics Fission Target for RIB Production target, electron, extraction, ion-source 268
 
  • V. Gubin, M. Golkovsky
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • O. Alyakrinsky
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • S. P. Bardakhanov
    SB RAS Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Novosibirsk
  Intensities of RIBs can be increased with improvement of release efficiency of fission targets. One of factor, which limits release efficiency of targets, is efficiency of release of isotopes from target material. This paper presents investigation of dependence of release efficiency from ceramics target on its grain size and inter-grains pores, as well shows some efficiency limits and ways to improve it. Simulations were performed for uniform target material made from powder of uranium carbide. Inter-grain spaces are taken relative to grain sizes, as another parameter to optimize is high density of target material. Results show that optimal grain size is in the range of hundreds - thousands nanometers, while recent target materials utilize one order more sizes of grains. In addition, key points of production of such ceramics are discussed. The beam technologies allow producing the nanopowders from carbides of different metals with controlled grain size. Exact methods also give to us possibilities to obtain ceramics with optimal ratio between grain and pores sizes. Possible problems and preliminary program of experiments and tests are discussed.  
 
MOPC090 Driver Beam-led EURISOL Target Design Constraints target, proton, ion-source, simulation 271
 
  • E. Noah, R. Catherall, Y. Kadi, C. Kharoua, J. Lettry, T. Stora
    CERN, Geneva
  The EURISOL (European Isotope Separation Online) Design Study is addressing new high power target design challenges. A three-step method* was proposed to split the high power linac proton driver beam into one H- branch for the 4 MW mercury target that produces radioactive ion beams (RIB) via spallation neutron-induced fission in a secondary actinide target and three 100 kW H+ branches for the direct targets producing RIBs via fragmentation and spallation reactions. This scheme minimises transient thermo-mechanical stresses on targets and preserves the cw nature of the driver beam in the four branches. The heat load for oxides, carbides, refractory metal foils and liquid metals is driven by the incident proton driver beam while for actinides, exothermic fission reactions are an additional contribution. This paper discusses the constraints that are specific to each class of material and the target design strategies. An emphasis is placed on the modern engineering numerical tools and experimental methods used to validate the target designs.

*A. Facco, R. Paparella, D. Berkovits, Isao Yamane, "Splitting of high power, cw proton beams", Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (2007).

 
 
MOPC098 LHC Particle Collimation by Hollow Electron Beams electron, collimation, proton, cathode 292
 
  • V. D. Shiltsev, A. I. Drozhdin, V. Kamerdzhiev, G. F. Kuznetsov, L. G. Vorobiev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  Electron Lenses built and installed in Tevatron have proven themselves as safe and very reliable instruments which can be effectively used in hadron collider operation for a number of applications, including compensation of beam- beam effects, DC beam removal from abort gaps, as a diagnostic tool. In this presentation we consider a possibility of using electron lenses with hollow electron beam for ion and proton collimation in LHC.  
 
MOPC099 Ion Catcher System for the Stabilisation of the Dynamic Pressure in SIS18 beam-losses, vacuum, electron, controls 295
 
  • C. Omet, H. Kollmus, H. Reich-Sprenger, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  In synchrotrons operated with intermediate charge state heavy ion beams, intensity dependent beam losses have been observed. The origin of these losses is the change of charge state of the beam ions at collisions with residual gas atoms. The resulting m/q deviation from the reference beam ion leads to modified trajectories in dispersive elements, which finally results in beam loss. At the impact on the beam pipe, gas molecules are released by ion stimulated desorption which increase the vacuum pressure locally. In turn, this pressure rise will enhance the charge change- and particle loss process and finally cause significant beam loss within a very short time. In order to suppress and control the gas desorption process, a dedicated ion catcher system incorporating NEG coated surfaces and low-desorption rate materials has been developed and two prototypes were installed in SIS18. The design of the scraper and measured effect on the dynamic residual gas pressure are presented.  
 
MOPC106 Injection and Acceleration of Au31+ in the BNL AGS electron, injection, vacuum, acceleration 313
 
  • W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, K. A. Brown, C. J. Gardner, J. W. Glenn, H. Huang, M. Mapes, J. Morris, V. Schoefer, L. Smart, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, K. L. Unger, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • C. Omet, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Injection and acceleration of ions in a lower charge state reduces space charge effects, and, if further electron stripping is needed, may allow elimination of a stripping stage and the associated beam losses. The former is of interest to the accelerators of the GSI FAIR complex, the latter for BNL RHIC collider operation at energies lower than the current injection energy. Lower charge state ions, however, have a higher likelihood of electron stripping which can lead to dynamic pressures rises and subsequent beam losses. We report on experiments in the AGS where Au31+ ions were injected and accelerated instead of the normally used Au77+ ions. Beam intensities and the average pressure in the AGS ring are recorded, and compared with calculations for dynamic pressures and beam losses. The experimental results will be used to benchmark the STRAHLSIM dynamic vacuum code and will be incorporated in the GSI FAIR SIS100 design.  
 
MOPC110 Commissioning of the Heidelberg Cryogenic Trap for Fast Ion Beams (CTF) vacuum, cryogenics, radiation, target 319
 
  • M. Lange, K. Blaum, M. Froese, M. Grieser, D. Kaiser, S. Menk, D. Orlov, A. Shornikov, T. Sieber, J. Varju, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • O. Heber, M. Rappaport, J. Toker, D. Zajfman
    Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot
  At the MPI für Kernphysik, a cryogenic electrostatic heavy-ion storage ring (CSR) is being developed. As a cryogenic test facility (CTF), an electrostatic ion beam trap is nearing completion. It will store ions between two electrostatic mirrors, confining them radially by two einzel lenses set apart by 30 cm. This linear, open design leaves room for testing beam diagnostic devices developed for the CSR, e.g. split ring electrodes and a residual gas monitor. As for the CSR, parts of the vacuum system will be brought in direct contact with superfluid helium, to achieve an operating temperature of 2-10 K. Under these conditions, we expect residual gas pressures in the 10-15 mbar range, and storage times on the order of minutes for light molecular ions. We will present first results from the commissioning of the CTF, especially the temperatures and residual gas pressures reached in the trap, as well as experiences with the position stability of the mechanical suspension of the trap electrodes in cryogenic operation.  
 
MOPC114 Status of the Electrostatic and Cryogenic Double Ring DESIREE vacuum, storage-ring, electron, proton 331
 
  • P. Löfgren, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, A. Paal, K.-G. Rensfelt, A. Simonsson
    MSL, Stockholm
  • H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, S. Rosén, H. T. Schmidt
    Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm
  DESIREE is a double electrostatic storage ring being built at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory and Stockholm University. The two rings in DESIREE have the same circumference, 8.7m, and a common straight section along which stored ions can interact. The ion optics for both rings will be housed in a single double walled vacuum chamber built like a cryostat with a radiation screen and several layers of super insulation in between the two chambers. The inner chamber, which holds all the optical elements, will be cooled by four cryogenerators attached to the bottom of this chamber. It is constructed in pure aluminum to ensure good thermal conductivity over the whole structure. The whole accelerator structure will be cooled below 20K. This low temperature in combination with the unique double ring structure will result in a powerful machine for studying interactions between cold molecular ions close to zero relative energy. The outer vacuum chamber is constructed in steel with a high magnetic permeability to provide an efficient screening of the earth magnetic field. DESIREE will be provided with two injectors which will be able to supply both positive and negative ions to both rings.  
 
MOPC116 On the Possibility of Realizing Shortest Bunches in Low-energy Storage Rings antiproton, storage-ring, emittance, simulation 334
 
  • A. I. Papash, K.-U. Kuehnel, C. P. Welsch
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • A. A. Alzeanidi, M. O.A. El Ghazaly
    KACST, Riyadh
  • A. I. Papash
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  For some very interesting experiments in future low-energy storage rings it is highly desirable to realize ultra-short bunches in the nanosecond regime. These bunches could then be used for collision studies with atomic or molecular gas jet targets where the time structure of the bunches would be used as a trigger for the experiment. Thus, the control of the longitudinal time structure of the stored beam is of central importance since it directly determines the resolution of the envisaged experiments. Since many years, it has been a significant challenge for the storage ring accelerator-physics community to develop techniques to reduce the duration of bunches. Up to now, all methods that have been developed go along with various difficulties, which can include reduced stored-beam lifetimes. Thus, novel and innovative concepts for the manipulation and control of the longitudinal beam structure have to be developed. In this paper, novel approaches to realize shortest bunches in storage rings are presented.  
 
MOPC122 Experiments with Fe-ion Beam Generation Acceleration and Accumulation in ITEP-TWAC Facility target, laser, vacuum, injection 352
 
  • B. Y. Sharkov, P. N. Alekseev, N. N. Alexeev, A. Balabaev, V. I. Nikolaev, V. A. Schegolev, A. Shumshurov, V. P. Zavodov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • Y. Satov
    SRC RF TRINITI, Moscow region
  The laser ion source (LIS) developed in collaboration ITEP-TRINITI-CERN with an upgraded version of powerful 100J CO2-laser has been used for Fe-ion beam generation at the input of the pre-injector U-3 delivering separated species of Fe16+ ions with energy of 1.1 MeV/u to booster synchrotron UK for acceleration up to the energy of 160 MeV/u and accumulation in the storage ring U-10 using multiple charge exchange injection technique. First results of Fe-ion beam treating from laser ion source to accumulator ring are presented.  
 
MOPC123 Lattice Study for the Carbon Ion Synchrotron forTherapy with Electron Cooling extraction, electron, synchrotron, septum 355
 
  • S. V. Sinyatkin, V. A. Kiselev, E. B. Levichev, V. V. Parkhomchuk, V. B. Reva, V. A. Vostrikov
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  In this paper the preliminary design of magnet lattice of the Carbon Ion Therapy Facility with electron cooling is described. The influence of misalignments of magnetic elements on ring parameters and the layout of orbit correction are estimated. The different methods of ion extractions from the synchrotron are considered, i.e., the pellet extraction, recombination extraction and the extraction on the sextupole resonance.  
 
MOPC124 Ion Optical Design of SIS100 and SIS300 lattice, extraction, quadrupole, dipole 358
 
  • J. Stadlmann, G. Franchetti, B. J. Franczak, M. Kirk, N. Pyka, A. Saa-Hernandez, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The ion optical layout of the two synchrotrons SIS100/300 of the FAIR project is presented. SIS100 will provide high intensity ion beams of all species from H to U up to a magnetic rigidity of 100 Tm. To minimize the space charge effects and to reach the necessary ion intensities for the FAIR project SIS100 will be operated with intermediate charge state heavy ions (U28+). The ion optical layout of SIS100 has been optimized for this purpose. The layout assures the separation of beam particles which are ionized by collisions with residual gas molecules from the circulating beam. Since SIS100 and SIS300 will be installed in the same tunnel, the lattice layout of SIS300 has to follow precisely the geometry of SIS100. SIS300 will provide beams of highly charged heavy ions with a maximum rigidity of 300 Tm. In addition, it will function as a stretcher ring for SIS100. The beam transfer system from SIS100 to SIS300 is designed to fit in a single straight section of the two machines. The effect of dynamic field errors in SIS300 has been considered and the maximum tolerable error levels for the operation of SIS100, such as tracking errors and power supply ripples have been investigated.  
 
MOPC131 Ions for LHC: Towards Completion of the Injector Chain injection, proton, acceleration, controls 376
 
  • D. Manglunki, M. Albert, M.-E. Angoletta, G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, P. Belochitskii, E. Benedetto, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, M. Chanel, H. Damerau, S. S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, D. Jacquet, J. M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Kuchler, M. Martini, S. Maury, E. Métral, L. Normann, G. Papotti, S. Pasinelli, M. Schokker, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, J. L. Vallet, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger
    CERN, Geneva
  The CERN LHC experimental programme includes heavy ion physics with collisions between two counter-rotating Pb82+ ion beams at a momentum of 2.76 TeV/c/nucleon per beam and luminosities as high as 1·1027 cm-2 s-1. To achieve the beam parameters required for this operation the ion accelerator chain has undergone substantial modifications. Commissioning with beam of the various elements of this chain started in 2005 and in 2007 it was the turn of the final stage, the Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) following extensive changes to the low-level RF hardware. The major limitations of this mode of operation of the SPS (space charge, intra-beam scattering) are presented, together with the performance reached so far. The status of the pre-injector performance will also be reviewed together with a description of the steps required to reach nominal performance.  
 
MOPC135 Present Status and Future improvement of HIRFL-CSR target, heavy-ion, injection, electron 388
 
  • Y. J. Yuan, J. W. Xia, W.-L. Zhan, H. W. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou
  The HIRFL-CSR project is a national mega project of China, which concentrates on heavy ion synchrotron and cooling storage ring. It is finished recently. The present commissioning results, testing experiments are introduced in this paper. The future improvement of the machine is also shown.  
 
MOPC137 The Cryogenic Storage Ring Project at Heidelberg cryogenics, vacuum, storage-ring, electron 394
 
  • R. von Hahn, K. Blaum, J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia, M. W. Froese, M. Grieser, M. Lange, F. Laux, S. Menk, D. Orlov, R. Repnow, C. D. Schroeter, D. Schwalm, T. Sieber, J. Ullrich, J. Varju, A. Wolf
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • H. Quack
    TU Dresden, Dresden
  • M. Rappaport, D. Zajfman
    Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot
  • X. Urbain
    UCL CRC, Louvain-la-Neuve
  At the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg a next generation electrostatic storage ring at cryogenic temperatures is under development. The main perspective of this unique cryogenic storage ring (CSR) is the research on ions, molecules and clusters up to bio molecules in the energy range of 20 keV -300 keV at low temperatures down to 2 Kelvin. The achievement of this low temperature for all material walls seen by the ions in the storage ring not only causes a strong reduction of black body radiation incident onto the stored particles, but also acts as a large cryopump, expected to achieve a vacuum of better than 1·10-15 mbar (corresponding to 1·10-13 mbar room temperature äquivalent). The low temperature and the extreme low vacuum will allow novel experiments to be performed, such as rotational and vibrational state control of molecular ions and their interaction with ultra-low energy electrons and laser radiation. A 20 W at 2 K refrigerator was designed and successfully commissioned. A connection with the fully assembled cryogenic prototype ion trap is under way. In this paper the concept and the status of the cryogenic storage ring will be presented.  
 
MOPC139 Refractory Ovens for ECR Ion Sources and Their Scaling plasma, ion-source, resonance, electron 397
 
  • M. Cavenago, A. Galatà, M. Sattin
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • T. Kulevoy, S. Petrenko
    ITEP, Moscow
  The radiofrequency (rf) oven can be used as a metal vapour injector for Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source; the application to high temperature boiling metals (like Cr, Ti and V) was recently demonstrated. Duration and reusability of oven parts were excellent, since crucible only need to be maintained at a temperature Ts larger than other parts; for vanadium case, achieved Ts was up to 2300 K with about 280 W of rf power, with the present design and size, tailored to our 14.4 GHz ECRIS. Optimization for different sources is discussed, and modern design tools are reviewed. Materials, more than rf power coupling, emerge as ultimate limits. Comparisons of results with resistive oven and sputter probes and with different metals are briefly reported.  
 
MOPC140 Status of the Multipurpose Fully Superconducting ECR Ion Source plasma, injection, diagnostics, extraction 400
 
  • G. Ciavola, L. Celona, S. Gammino, F. Maimone, D. Mascali
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • H. A. Koivisto
    JYFL, Jyvaskyla
  • R. Lang, J. Maeder, J. Rossbach, P. Spaedtke, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The MSECRIS source has been designed with the aim to exceed the highest currents of highly charged heavy ions available up to now. It is based on a minimum B trap made of a hexapole and three solenoids. The design magnetic field is 2.7 T for the hexapole and 4.5 T for the mirror field, in order to permit to operate not only at 28 GHz but also at higher frequency, thus increasing the plasma density and finally the beam current. Such high level of magnetic field is a challenge because of the forces arising on the superconducting coils and it largely exceeds the highest magnetic field available for existing ECRIS. A description of the source and of its preliminary results will be given. The source has been built in the frame of the European collaboration EURONS/JRA07-ISIBHI and it is now installed at the EIS testbench of GSI.  
 
MOPC141 Design of a Novel Tubular Electron String Ion Source (TESIS) electron, extraction, ion-source, gun 403
 
  • E. Syresin, D. E. Donets, E. D. Donets, E. E. Donets, V. B. Shutov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • V. M. Drobin, A. V. Shabunov, Yu. A. Shishov
    JINR/LHE, Moscow
  • A. E. Dubinov, R. M. Garipov, I. V. Makarov
    VNIIEF, Sarov (Nizhnii Gorod)
  • L. Liljeby
    MSL, Stockholm
  The project, started in 2007 is directed to creation of Tubular Electron String Ion Source (TESIS) and to basic studies of electron strings in tubular geometry. The collaboration consists of JINR (Dubna) and Russian Federal Nuclear Center (Sarov, Russia), Manne Siegbahn Laboratory (Stockholm, Sweden), TRIUMF and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (Canada). Tubular concept of ion source has been proposed few years ago*. Preliminary theoretical estimations and numerical simulations have been done**,*** that allowed to start experimental realization of this project. New tubular source with a superconducting solenoid up to 5 Tesla should be constructed in 2009. It is expected that this new TESIS (“Krion-T1”) will meet all rigid conceptual and technological requirements and should provide ion output on a level, approaching to 10 mA of Ar16+ ions in the pulse mode and about 10 mA of Ar16+ ions in the average current mode. Having these output parameters, “Krion-T1” TESIS should be an operational prototype of further TESIS sources for all kinds of the possible applications. Simulation results and a basic scetch of the TESIS construction will be presented.

*Donets E. D. et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 696 (2002).
**Donets E. D., Donets E. E., Becker R. et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum.75, 1566 (2004).
***Donets E. E. J. of Phys.: Conf. Series 2, 97 (2004).

 
 
MOPC142 Study of the Post Extraction Acceleration Gap in the ISIS H- Penning Ion Source acceleration, extraction, emittance, ion-source 406
 
  • D. C. Faircloth, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • C. Gabor
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J. K. Pozimski
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS) is being constructed to demonstrate a chopped H- beam of up to 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality for future high-power proton accelerators (HPPA). The injection energy into the RFQ will be in the range of 50 to 70 keV whereas the standard ISIS H- Penning ion source operates at 35 keV, therefore the post extraction acceleration voltage must be increased. In order to finalise the design of the FETS post extraction system, a study is conducted on the Ion Source Development Rig (ISDR) at ISIS. This study shows how beam transport is affected by different post extraction acceleration voltages and gap lengths. Beam, current, profile and emittance measurements are presented along with theoretical calculations.  
 
MOPC143 Multi-beamlet Study of Beam Transport in the ISIS H- Ion Source Analysing Magnet extraction, ion-source, acceleration, plasma 409
 
  • D. C. Faircloth, S. R. Lawrie, A. P. Letchford, M. E. Westall, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS) is being constructed to demonstrate a chopped H- beam of up to 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality for future high-power proton accelerators (HPPA). The existing 90° analysing magnet on the ISIS H- Penning ion source does not perfectly transport the beam after extraction. The present ion source has a 10 mm x 0.6 mm slit extraction aperture. To understand how the beam is transported in the analysing magnet, new ion source aperture plates are manufactured with 5 individual holes instead of a slit. These holes produce separate beamlets that are used to study transport in the sector magnet. This paper details the experiments with the modified aperture plates on the Ion Source Development Rig (ISDR) at ISIS.  
 
MOPC144 Installation of the Front End Test Stand High Performance H- Ion Source at RAL ion-source, extraction, acceleration, power-supply 412
 
  • D. C. Faircloth, M. H. Bates, S. R. Lawrie, A. P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. E. Westall, M. Whitehead, P. Wise, T. Wood
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • C. Gabor
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J. K. Pozimski, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  The RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS) is being constructed to demonstrate a chopped H- beam of up to 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality for future high-power proton accelerators (HPPA). This paper details the first stage of construction- the installation of the ion source.  
 
MOPC145 Commissioning of the ECR Ion Sources at CNAO Facility ion-source, emittance, plasma, extraction 415
 
  • G. Ciavola, L. Celona, S. Gammino, F. Maimone
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • C. Bieth, W. Bougy, G. Gaubert, O. Tasset, A. C.C. Villari
    PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX
  • A. Galatà
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • R. Monferrato, M. Pullia
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, CNAO) is the Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. It will deliver treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. At CNAO two ECR sources of the Supernanogan type (built by the Pantechnik company according to specifications set by INFN) are installed and run continuously and in parallel, to allow the fast change of the particle species. The two sources are identical and can provide both particle species after a simple switch from one gas to the other, which allows as well to run the facility, in emergency, with only one source. Each source is equipped with a dedicated beam line including a spectrometer and beam diagnostics. Optimisation of beam emittance and intensity is of primary importance to obtain the necessary current at the RFQ-LINAC and then at injection. The preliminary tests have shown the complete fulfillment of the specifications in terms of beam current and emittance and the final tests are ongoing. A description of the source design and performance will be presented.  
 
MOPC146 Development of Piezoelectric Pulse Gas Valve for Small ECR Ion Source plasma, ion-source, extraction, vacuum 418
 
  • M. Ichikawa, H. Fujisawa, Y. Iwashita, Y. Tajima, H. Tongu, M. Yamada
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  In a conventional ion source, the source gas is continuously fed even in its pulse operation. This requires a high load to a vacuum pumping system. The situation is prominent when the gas load is relatively higher in such a high current ion source. In order to improve this situation, we try to supply gas only when it is needed by synchronizing the gas feed with the extraction of the ion beam. We have developed a small pulse-gas-valve using a commercially available disc-shape piezoelectric element. This valve is small enough to be mounted in our ECR ion source and is capable of very fast open-and-close operation of an order of kHz repetition. A small ECR ion source with this valve will be presented.  
 
MOPC147 Measurement of Ion Beam from Laser Ion Source for RHIC EBIS laser, plasma, target, ion-source 421
 
  • T. Kanesue
    Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka
  • M. Okamura
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • J. Tamura
    Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
  Laser ion source (LIS) is a candidate of the primary ion source for the RHIC EBIS. LIS will provide intense charge state 1+ ions to EBIS for further ionization. We measured plasma properties of a variety of atomic species such as Si, Fe and Au using the second harmonics of Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wave length, up to 0.82 J / 6 ns). Since a suitable laser power density for production of charge state 1+ ions is different from different species, laser power density was optimized to obtain a maximum beam intensity in each species. Also the results of emittance measurement using pepper pot after ion extraction with about 20 kV extraction voltage will be shown. Based on the obtained results, performance of the LIS as the primary ion source for EBIS will be discussed in this paper.  
 
MOPC148 Target Life Time of Laser Ion Source for Low Charge State Ion Production target, laser, vacuum, ion-source 424
 
  • T. Kanesue
    Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka
  • M. Okamura
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • J. Tamura
    Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
  Laser ion source produces ions by irradiating pulsed laser shots onto the solid state target. For the low charge state ion production, laser spot diameter on the target can be over several millimeters using the high power laser such as Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wave length, 0.82 J / 6 ns). In this case, damages to the target surface is small while there is a visible crater in case of the best focused laser shot (laser spot diameter can be several tens of micrometers) for high charge state ion production. Because damage to the target surface is small, target is not required to be moved to use fresh surface after each laser shot to stabilize plasma. In this paper, the results of target life time measurements will be shown.  
 
MOPC150 Modifications to the Analysing Magnet in the ISIS Penning Ion Source extraction, ion-source, beam-transport, emittance 427
 
  • S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford, M. E. Westall, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J. K. Pozimski
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  A full 3D electromagnetic finite element analysis and particle tracking study is undertaken of the ISIS Penning surface plasma ion source using CST Particle Studio 2008. The existing 90° analysing magnet is found to have a magnetic field index of 1.3, causing beam divergence and contributing to beam loss. Different magnet pole piece geometries are modelled and the effect of space charge investigated. Based on this modelling, three new sets of poles are manufactured and tested on the Ion Source Development Rig. The results are presented herein.  
 
MOPC151 Status of the Versatile Ion Source VIS plasma, extraction, proton, controls 430
 
  • F. Maimone, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Gallo, N. Gambino, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli, S. Passarello, E. Zappalà
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  The characteristics of the ideal injector for high power proton accelerators has been studied in the past with the TRIPS ion source built at INFN-LNS, Catania and now in operation at INFN-LNL, Legnaro. The beam production must obey to the request of high brightness, stability and reliability. The new Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is a permanent magnet version of the TRIPS source with a simplified and robust extraction system. It operates up to 80 kV without a bulky high voltage platform, producing multi-mA beams of protons and H2+. The description of the source design and the preliminary performance will be presented. An outline of the forthcoming developments is given, with particular care to the use of a low loss dc break and to the use of a travelling wave tube amplifier to get an optimum matching between the microwave generator and the plasma.  
 
MOPC153 Construction and Test of the Superconducting Coils for RIKEN SC-ECR Ion Source sextupole, ion-source, factory, cyclotron 433
 
  • J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, Y. Higurashi, K. Kusaka, T. Nakagawa, H. Okuno
    RIKEN, Wako, Saitama
  • T. Minato
    Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe
  A superconducting ECR ion source is under development to increase the intensity of the beams with high charge state such as U35+ provided to the RI-beam factory at RIKEN. The ion source consists of six superconducting solenoids and a set of superconducting sextupoles. The axial magnetic fields are 3.8 T at the injection peak and 2.2 T at the extraction peak. The sextupole magnetic field is 2.0 T on the inner surface of the plasma chamber with a diameter of 15 cm. The conductors use NbTi/copper wires with copper/SC ratio of 1.3 and size of 1.25 mm x 0.92 mm. The sextupole coils are difficult to design and fabricate because the maximum experience magnetic field is about 7.3 T and the magnetic force acting on the coils changes by the strength of the radial field of the solenoids along the axis. The design, construction and the results of the excitation test will be presented in this paper.  
 
MOPC154 Method for Efficiency and Time Response Measurement on Diverse Target Ion Sources with Stable Alkali ion-source, target, gun, plasma 436
 
  • A. Pichard, J. A. Alcantara Nunez, R. Alves Conde, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, P. Lecomte, J. Y. Pacquet, M. G. Saint-Laurent
    GANIL, Caen
  Developments of new setups for radioactive ion beam production by the isotope-separator-on-line (ISOL) method are underway at GANIL in the frame of the SPIRAL (Système de Production d’Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne) and SPIRAL-II projects. The measurement of total efficiency and time behaviour of these new target/ion-source systems (TISSs) is a crucial step for these devices which aims to produce short-lived isotopes with high intensity. The overall atom-to-ion transformation efficiency depends on several processes: diffusion of the atoms out of the production target, effusion towards the ion source and ionization. The efficiency can be extracted using the ratio between the emerging yield and implanted flux in the TISS. Several methods have already been developed to achieve these measurements: the use of stable or radioactive beams, gas injection, or the introduction of solid material into the TISS. This paper focuses primarily on a method that uses stable alkali. A pulsed/CW alkali ion gun has been built and will be used to optimise diverse TISSs.

[1] C. Eléon et al., Proceedings of the XVe International Conference EMIS, 24-29th June 2007, Deauville, France, to be published.

 
 
MOPC155 Transport System for Ion Implantation ion-source, undulator, cathode, beam-transport 439
 
  • S. M. Polozov, E. S. Masunov
    MEPhI, Moscow
  • R. P. Kuibeda, T. Kulevoy, V. Pershin, S. Petrenko, D. N. Selesnev, I. M. Shamailov, A. L. Sitnikov
    ITEP, Moscow
  ITEP in collaboration with MEPHI and IHE (Tomsk) develops the high intensity ion beam generation and transport systems for low energy (1-50 keV) ion implantation. Such facilities are used for semiconductor technology. The Bernas type ion source is used for ribbon ion beam production. The periodical system of electrostatic lenses (electrostatical undulator) was proposed for ribbon beam transport line. The design of transport system and the results of beam dynamics investigation are presented. The influence of the electrodes construction errors on the beam dynamics is discussed.  
 
MOPC156 ECR Ion Source for the KEK All-ion Accelerator extraction, vacuum, simulation, plasma 442
 
  • H. Suzuki, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, M. Kawai, T. Kono, K. Takayama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • S. I. Inagaki
    Kyushu University
  • K. Okazaki
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture
  R&D works to realize an all-ion accelerator (AIA)* -capable of accelerating all ions of any possible charge state, based on the induction synchrotron concept, which was demonstrated using the KEK 12 GeV-PS**, are going on. As an ion source for the KEK-AIA, an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has been developed. Permanent magnets made of NdFeB to generate a cusp field and 9.4 GHz microwave to energize plasma electrons have been employed. The microwave power of 750 W generated in a traveling wave tube is focused into the interaction region with a horn antenna. Regarding the cut off density for 9.4 GHz, the vacuum and the gas feeding system has been designed. The base pressure of 1·10-5 Pa is reached with a single turbo molecular pump of 300 l/min, and the gas flow rate less than 1 cc/min is maintained with a mass flow controller. The plasma chamber is water-cooled against Joule heating. The geometry of the extraction electrodes and the downstream transport line have been optimized by IGUN simulations. The whole system will be embedded in the high voltage terminal box of 200 kV. Details of the design and the preliminary test will be described at this conference.

*K. Takayama, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, Y. Shimosaki, T. Dixit, and K. Torikai, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304 (2007).
**K. Takayama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007).

 
 
MOPD007 Waveguide Directional Couplers for High Vacuum Applications vacuum, coupling, controls 460
 
  • H. Downs, P. G. Matthews, W. W. Sanborn
    Mega Industries, LLC, Gorham
  Directional couplers have always been critical elements in the RF feed systems for accelerator structures. Until now, however, such devices have been confined to areas outside of the high vacuum cavity feeds. The level control of the RF signal required at the cavity inputs is continually increasing and it has become apparent that a directional coupler design for the high vacuum side of the system is necessary. The following paper highlights a novel coupler design to allow high vacuum directional couplers to be realized. Results are presented for both electrical and mechanical characteristics for an L-band device.  
 
MOPD026 Radiological Hazards Assessment for the Beam Dump of High Intensity Deuteron Accelerators proton, photon 502
 
  • D. López, M. Garcia, A. Mayoral, F. Ogando, J. Sanz, P. Sauvan
    UNED, Madrid
  Several of the most important aspects with regards to the radiological potential hazards assessment in the beam dump of a high intensity deuteron accelerator are analyzed. Deuteron and neutron induced activation as well as neutron production for the beam dump cartridge, in order to select low activation materials; evaluation of the tritium production due to the implanted deuterium in the material and the presence of water in the cooling and local shielding systems, relevant for the associated radiotoxicity; estimation of gamma dose rate in beam-off phase in the vicinity of the cartridge, important issue for accessibility and maintenance works of the system. All these points are assessed both for normal operation and commissioning phase in the IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator prototype. Several materials are studied according to neutron production using transport codes (MCNPX and PHITS) and EAF2007 libraries. Activation calculations with ACAB code use irradiation fluxes obtained with MCNPX. Evaluation of tritium production due to implanted deuterium is calculated with SRIM-TMAP7 coupled code. Tritium in water is calculated by activation procedures. Gamma dose rate is computed with MCNPX.  
 
MOPP048 Fast Ion Instability in the CLIC Transfer Line and Main Linac linac, electron, vacuum, emittance 655
 
  • G. Rumolo, D. Schulte
    CERN, Geneva
  The Fast Ion Instability is believed to be a serious danger for bunch trains propagating in the CLIC electron transfer line and main linac, since it may strongly affect the bunches in the tail of the train if the vacuum pressure is not below a certain threshold. We have developed the FASTION code, which can track electrons through a FODO cell line and takes into account their interactions with the produced (and possibly trapped) ions. We describe how this tool can be used for setting tolerances on the vacuum pressure and for giving specifications for the design of a feedback system.  
 
MOPP049 Collective Effects in the CLIC Damping Rings impedance, space-charge, damping, emittance 658
 
  • G. Rumolo, J. B. Jeanneret, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Quatraro
    CERN, Geneva
  The possible performance limitations coming from collective effects in the CLIC damping rings are the subject of this paper. In particular, the consequences of space charge, due to the very high beam brilliance, and of the resistive wall impedance, due to the locally very small beam pipe, are considered potentially dangerous in spite of the high beam energy. Hence, they have been studied in detail with the HEADTAIL code, which has been modified in order to take into account a finer lattice structure as well as multi-bunch effects of the resistive wall wake field. The study aims at setting the intensity thresholds determined by these phenomena.  
 
MOPP066 Recent Experimental Study of Fast Ion Instability in ATF Damping Ring emittance, vacuum, damping, single-bunch 697
 
  • N. Terunuma, Y. Honda, T. Naito, J. Urakawa
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • Eckhard. Elsen, G. X. Xia
    DESY, Hamburg
  The Fast Ion Instability (FII) is one of the very high priorities of the damping ring R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) in KEK can provide an ILC damping ring-like beam. A specific FII study in ATF has been launched to characterize this phenomenon for the ILC damping ring. A new gas inlet system has been installed recently in the ATF damping ring to control the ion effect. After N2 gas injection into the vacuum chamber in south straight section of the ring, FII has been observed for elevated gas pressures. Beam size blow-up and emittance growth for various fill patterns are presented in this paper and attributed to FII. Comparison between experimental data and simulation results are given as well.  
 
MOPP068 Simulation Study of Fast Ion Instability in the ILC Damping Ring damping, feedback, simulation, electron 703
 
  • G. X. Xia, Eckhard. Elsen
    DESY, Hamburg
  The so-called fast ion instability potentially constitutes a performance limitation for the damping ring of the International Linear Collider (ILC). Based on the latest baseline lattice of the ILC damping ring the fast ion instability is simulated using a weak-strong code. Various fill patterns are examined to mitigate the onset of the instability. Feedback mechanisms are explored. The growth time of the fast ion instability is estimated for various vacuum pressures on the basis of the simulated results.  
 
MOPP080 Studies of Breakdown in a Pressurized RF Cavity electron, simulation, emittance, collider 736
 
  • M. BastaniNejad, A. A. Elmustafa
    Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
  • M. Alsharo'a, P. M. Hanlet, R. P. Johnson, S. Korenev, M. Kuchnir, D. J. Newsham, R. Sah
    Muons, Inc, Batavia
  • C. M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • D. M. Kaplan
    Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
  • D. Li
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • D. Rose, C. H. Thoma, D. R. Welch
    Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico
  Previous studies of RF breakdown in a cavity pressurized with dense hydrogen gas have indicated that breakdown probability is proportional to a high power of the surface electromagnetic field. This behavior is similar to the Fowler-Nordheim description of electron emission from a cold cathode, and it implies that breakdown is a quantum mechanical effect that is characterized by the work function of the cavity metal. We describe our present efforts to measure the distributions of work functions at the nanoscale level on the surfaces of the electrodes used in breakdown studies, and to understand how the RF conditioning process affects them.  
 
MOPP095 Advanced Experimental Techniques for RF and DC Breakdown Research plasma, electron, vacuum, simulation 775
 
  • J. W. Kovermann
    RWTH, Aachen
  • S. Calatroni, A. Descoeudres, T. Lefevre, W. Wuensch
    CERN, Geneva
  Advanced experimental techniques are being developed to do in-situ analysis of DC and RF breakdowns. First measurements with a specially built spectrometer have been made with a DC spark setup at CERN and with CLIC accelerating structures in the 30GHz power test facility. This spectrometer measures the light intensity development during a breakdown for narrow wavelength intervals in the visible and near infrared range which will give information about the involved elements, temperature and plasma parameters and eventually precursors of a breakdown. Planned experiments for X-ray spectroscopy and imaging, measurements of RF-signals and ion and electron energy distribution and infrared imaging of breakdown sites are presented.  
 
MOPP111 Beam Tests with the MAFF IH-RFQ at the IAP-Frankfurt ion-source, emittance, rfq, quadrupole 817
 
  • H. Z. Zimmermann, D. Habs
    LMU, Garching
  • A. Bechtold, P. Kolb, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  The IH-type RFQ for the MAFF project at the LMU Munich is integrated into a test bench at the IAP in Frankfurt. The existing IH-RFQ set-up is the second after the HIS at GSI and the first one that can be directly compared to a very similar 4-rod type machine, the REX-ISOLDE RFQ at CERN. The test bench consists of an ionsource, an electrostatic quadrupole lens system with implemented steerers, and several beam diagnostic like a two dimensional emittance scanner, bending magnet and a fast faraday cup. Experimental results will be presented. These tests accompanied with theoretical investigations will be done with special respect to the applicability of such normal conducting RFQ accelerators to the EURISOL post accelerator.  
 
MOPP152 Bunch Lengthening Harmonic System for NSLS-II impedance, damping, injection, emittance 904
 
  • J. Rose, N. A. Towne
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  NSLS-II is a new ultra-bright 3GeV 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light source. The performance goals require operation with a beam current of 500mA and a bunch current of at least 0.5mA. Ion clearing gaps are required to suppress ion effects on the beam. The natural bunch length of 3mm is planned to be lengthened by means of a third harmonic cavity in order to provide a margin for the Touschek limited lifetime and for instability threshold currents. The paper presents the analysis of the bunch lengthening in this dual RF system consisting of a 500MHz fundamental and 1500 MHz harmonic system in presence of strong transient beam loading. A conceptual design of a 1500MHz SCRF cavity is developed and design performance is discussed.  
 
MOPP161 Plasma Etching Rates and Surface Composition of Bulk Nb Treated in Ar/Cl2 Microwave Discharge plasma, electron, survey, monitoring 928
 
  • M. Raskovic, S. Popovic, J. Upadhyay, L. Vuskovic
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia
  • H. L. Phillips, A-M. Valente-Feliciano
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  To achieve theoretically predicted values of the accelerating fields in superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities, their inside surface should be fairly smooth and free of impurities. Thus, surface preparation is the critical step in production of SRF cavities. Plasma etching process is a dry chemistry technique that can be used to achieve these requirements. It is based on interaction between reactive halogen species produced in the glow discharge and the surface. During this process, volatile Nb halides are evaporated from the surface of Nb, removing the mechanically damaged and contaminated layer. We present treatment of bulk Nb samples in the Ar/Cl2 microwave discharge. We achieved etching rates comparable to the rates obtained with the electropolishing method without introducing impurities in Nb. The rate dependence on various discharge parameters and reactive gas composition is presented. Surface composition and topology measurements were carried out before and after plasma treatment to determine level of impurities. Optimal experimental conditions determined on samples will applied be on single cell cavities, pursuing improvement of their RF performance.  
 
TUZG02 Status of Hadrontherapy Facilities Worldwide proton, light-ion 978
 
  • E. S. Pedroni
    PSI, Villigen
  Especially within the last years a remarkable dynamics can be observed with respect to the realization of new hadrontherapy facilities. The reasons are the development of new treatment modalities like pencil beam scanning, but also commercial aspects, arising from the number of patients that would profit from this treatment and the according demand of such facilities. The interest of industrial firms in constructing and operating 'turn-key' facilities has increased and at present several firms provide such facilities for proton treatment as well as for light ion (and proton) treatments. This presentation gives an overview of basic biophysical properties and the treatment modalities, the status of existing and planned facilities as well as developments on this field.  
slides icon Slides  
 
TUOCG01 The Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator Coming into Operation synchrotron, extraction, proton, linac 979
 
  • D. Ondreka, U. Weinrich
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Facility (HIT) is the first dedicated proton and carbon therapy facility in Europe. It uses full three dimensional intensity-controlled raster scanning as basic treatment technique. The commissioning of the accelerator with beam was successfully finished for two fixed-beam treatment places in December 2007. Therefore a library of 40000 combinations of beam properties (ion type, treatment place, energy, intensity, beam size) is now offered to the treatment technique teams preparing the treatment systems for the clinical use. The HIT facility also comprises a gantry with full scanning properties constituting the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree, so that the beam may be aimed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning with beam of the gantry was started in January 2008 when the first beams were transported successfully into the treatment room. The talk will report on experiences and results of the commissioning of the accelerator sections. It puts special emphasis on the subject of preparing the enormous variety of beam properties in an efficient and reliable way.  
slides icon Slides  
 
TUOCG02 Status Report on the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) synchrotron, injection, emittance, extraction 982
 
  • M. Pullia
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, CNAO) is the Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. It will deliver treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. The accelerator complex is based on a 25 m diameter synchrotron capable of accelerating carbon ions up to 400 MeV/u and protons up to 250 MeV. Four treatment lines, in three treatment rooms, are foreseen in the first stage. In one of the three rooms a vertical and a horizontal fixed beam lines are provided, while in the other two rooms the treatment will be administered with horizontal beams only. The injection chain is positioned inside the synchrotron ring itself, to save space and to better exploit the two non-dispersive regions in the synchrotron. The injection chain is made by a 8 keV/u Low Energy Beam Transfer line (LEBT), a RFQ accelerating the beam to 400 keV/u, a LINAC to reach the injection energy of 7 MeV/u and a Medium Energy Beam Transfer line (MEBT) to transport the beam to the synchrotron. This report describes the design and the performances of the CNAO complex, and reports about the status of the commissioning of the machine.  
slides icon Slides  
 
TUOBM01 Advanced Design of the FAIR Storage Ring Complex antiproton, storage-ring, injection, electron 1004
 
  • M. Steck, C. Dimopoulou, A. Dolinskii, O. E. Gorda, V. Gostishchev, K. Knie, S. A. Litvinov, I. Nesmiyan, F. Nolden, D. Obradors-Campos, C. Peschke
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The storage ring complex of the FAIR comprises three storage rings with a magnetic rigidity of 13 m. Each of the three rings, CR, RESR, and NESR, serves specific tasks in the preparation of secondary beams, rare isotopes and antiprotons, or for experiments with heavy ion beams. The CR is optimized for fast stochastic pre-cooling of secondary beams. The RESR design has been recently revised for optimum performance of antiproton accumulation. The concept for the installation of both rings in a common building is elaborated. The ion optical and engineering design of the NESR for experiments with heavy ions, the deceleration of ions or antiprotons for a subsequent low energy facility, and the accumulation of rare isotope beams is proceeding. A section for collision experiments with circulating ions and counter propagating electrons or antiprotons has been worked out. This report will give a summary of the various new concepts conceived in the process of the design of this new storage ring facility.  
slides icon Slides  
 
TUOBM03 High-Intensity Polarized H- (Proton), Deuteron and 3He++ Ion Source Development at BNL polarization, injection, proton, rfq 1010
 
  • A. Zelenski, J. G. Alessi, A. Kponou, D. Raparia
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  New techniques for production of polarized H- (protons), deuteron and 3He++ ion beams (based on optical pumping polarization method) will be discussed. Feasibility studies of these techniques are in progress at BNL. The depolarization factors in the multi-step spin-transfer polarization technique and basic limitations on maximum polarization in the OPPIS (Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source) will be discussed. Detailed studies of polarization losses in the RHIC OPPIS and the source parameters optimization resulted in the OPPIS polarization increase to 86-90%. This contributed to AGS and RHIC polarization increase to 65-70%.  
slides icon Slides  
 
TUPC013 A Compact and Versatile Diagnostic Tool for CNAO Injection Line emittance, diagnostics, injection, proton 1071
 
  • J. Bosser, G. Balbinot, S. Bini, M. Caldara, V. Chimenti, L. Lanzavecchia, A. Parravicini
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  • A. Clozza, V. Lollo
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  CNAO, the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy, is presently in its final step of construction. It will provide treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. Commissioning of the injection lines will be started by the time of the presentation of this report. CNAO beams are generated by two ECR sources, which are both able to produce both particle species. The beam energy in the Low Energy Beam Transfer (LEBT) line is 8 keV/u. A compact and versatile tank has been designed that contains a complete set of diagnostic tools. It is only 390mm long; it houses two horizontal and two vertical plates to suppress beam halo, measure emittance and eventually to limit beam size. It also comprises two wire scanners, for vertical and horizontal beam transverse profile, as well as a Faraday Cup for current measurement. Synchronous profile and intensity measurements and phase space distribution reconstruction can be performed with one tank monitors. Five identical tanks are installed in the LEBT, as consequence of a standardization strategy to facilitate monitoring and make maintenance easier. Expected performances and preliminary beam measurements are presented.  
 
TUPC052 Beam Phase and RF Fields Monitoring System Using Lock-In Amplifier for RIBF monitoring, cyclotron, acceleration, linac 1173
 
  • R. Koyama, M. K. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, Y. Kotaka, N. S. Sakamoto, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano
    RIKEN, Saitama
  The accelerator complex of the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) consists of two injectors - heavy ion linac (RILAC and CSM) and K78 MeV AVF cyclotron - and four cyclotrons from the upstream, RRC (K540 MeV), fRC (K570 MeV), IRC (K980 MeV), and SRC (K2600 MeV). In such a multi-stage acceleration system, one of the most important factors for stable operation is to maintain the matching of beam-phases between accelerators. However, drifts of beam-phases have been frequently observed, reasons of which might be the fluctuation of RF-fields, variation of magnetic field, and so on. Hence, it is important to monitor beam-phases constantly, and we have developed a monitoring system using the commercial RF lock-in amplifier model SR844 manufactured by Stanford Research Systems. In addition, the system for monitoring the RF-fields has also been developed to investigate its stability and the correlation with beam-phases. The beam-phases at eleven phase probes installed in the beam transport lines and RF-fields of 25 cavities are monitored in a uranium acceleration. In addition, lock-in amplifiers are also used to obtain good isochronous magnetic fields of three cyclotrons in the RIBF.  
 
TUPC055 Operating MCP Detectors at Cryogenic Temperatures cryogenics, vacuum, electron, storage-ring 1179
 
  • K.-U. Kuehnel, C. D. Schroeter, J. Ullrich
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  At present, a low energy electrostatic storage ring operating at cryogenic temperatures down to 2 K is being build up at the MPI-K in Heidelberg. Both, beam diagnostics and experiments rely on the use of position sensitive micro-channel plate (MCP) detectors equipped with phosphor screens or delay line anodes. Since little is known about the performance of these detector types in a cryogenic environment a test chamber was built to investigate their properties. A delay line MCP detector was successfully tested at temperatures as low as 25 K. In this contribution the detailed results of theses tests as well as possible applications of the detector are presented.  
 
TUPC056 A Novel Beam Profile Monitor Based on a Supersonic Gas Jet target, storage-ring, antiproton, extraction 1182
 
  • K.-U. Kuehnel, M. Putignano, C. D. Schroeter, J. Ullrich, C. P. Welsch
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  At very low residual gas pressure below 10-12 mbar, as foreseen in future low-energy storage rings currently under development at the MPI-K and FAIR, conventional residual gas beam profile monitors cease to work with reasonable count rates. One possible way to overcome this restriction is the use of a supersonic gas jet as a profile monitor. Such a jet could be shaped as a thin curtain, thus providing a uniform target with a variable target density extended over the whole beam. A possible setup of such a device taking into account vacuum considerations, expected count rates and an envisioned detection scheme are presented in this contribution.  
 
TUPC057 Improving the ISIS Emittance Scanner Software emittance, background, ion-source, controls 1185
 
  • S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The software to drive the slit-slit emittance scanners at ISIS is re-written in C#. The scanner driver routine is enhanced to improve accuracy, and to allow real-time monitoring of the scanning procedure. A multiple document interface allows quick comparison with other measurements and with data from particle tracking codes. Integrated data processing and emittance calculation removes the need to transfer data between multiple software packages, making experimental work more efficient. A user-friendly and robust interface allows easy scanning and generates publication quality emittance plots for presentations.  
 
TUPC058 Laser-based Ion Beam Diagnostics for the Front End Test Stand at RAL laser, electron, background, vacuum 1188
 
  • D. A. Lee, J. K. Pozimski
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • C. Gabor
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The RAL Front End Test Stand is being constructed to demonstrate that a chopped H- beam of 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality as required for future high-power proton accelerators can be produced. Because of the high beam power and a preference for online beam monitoring non-intrusive, non-destructive beam diagnostics are desirable. Two novel instruments, based on the photo-detachment of the outer electron of the H- ions with a laser, are being developed to precisely determine the transverse beam density distribution and the beam emittance at full beam power. This paper discusses the proposed experimental layout of the devices and the progress that has been made towards realizing them. The design of the optical system is presented along with measurements of the laser beam propagation for the beam density distribution experiment. Investigations of the influence of laser beam misalignment along with measurements of the positioning accuracy of movable stages that will be used are given in light of the total expected errors.  
 
TUPC059 An Emittance Evaluation Toolbox emittance, controls, ion-source, simulation 1191
 
  • D. A. Liakin
    ITEP, Moscow
  • P. Forck, T. Hoffmann
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A long-time experience in emittance measurements and result evaluation at GSI were transformed into the set of the numerical instruments to perform basic and advanced data analysis for the data obtained in various emittance measurement devices. The common problems and differences between slit-grid-, pepper-pot- and longitudinal emittance data analysis are discussed. Some aspects of non-linear algorithms particularly for the case of non-zero slits or pepper-pot holes are presented.  
 
TUPC061 Laser Wire Beam Profile Monitor at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) laser, electron, controls, linac 1197
 
  • Y. Liu, S. Assadi, W. P. Grice, C. D. Long
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  We report the first measurement of a hydrogen ion beam profile in the superconducting linear accelerator (SCL) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) with a laser wire beam profile monitor. The advantage of the laser beam profile monitor includes non-invasive measurement, longitudinal beam scan and multiple station measurement capabilities. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 μm is used to detach electrons from hydrogen ions. The laser has a repetition rate of 30 Hz and a pulse width of 7 ns. Typical pulse energies are 50 - 200 mJ. The laser is physically located outside the SCL tunnel and the ion beam profiles are measured at 9 different locations covering the entire SCL region (~ 200 m). At SNS the beam structure consists of 50 ps long micropulses separation by ~ 2.5 ns and gated into macropulses of up to 1 ms long. The firing of the laser flashlamps is synchronized to the macropulse timing. The collection magnet bends the photodetached electrons out of the beam and into a Faraday cup. Both horizontal and vertical beam profiles (typical width: 2 - 4 mm) can be measured with a resolution of 4 um. Transverse beam scans can be performed throughout the macropulse.  
 
TUPC066 Temporal Spot Size Evolution of the DARHT First Axis Radiographic Source electron, target, focusing, radiation 1206
 
  • B. T. McCuistian, D. C. Moir, E. A. Rose
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • H. Bender, C. Carlson, C. G. Hollabaugh, R. Trainham
    NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  DARHT is the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The radiographic spot size is a critical parameter in the performance of the facility to produce quality radiographs. Time resolved images of the radiographic spot of the First Axis of the DARHT facility have been acquired and correlated with the radiation pulse. Analysis of these time resolved images illustrates the effect of beam target interaction on the temporal evolution of the spot size. An explanation of the experimental setup and analysis of the data will be presented.  
 
TUPC090 Ionisation Profile Monitor to Determine Spatial and Angular Stability of FEL Radiation of FLASH laser, simulation, electron, photon 1266
 
  • M. Sachwitz, A. Hofmann, S. Pauliuk
    DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
  • K. I. Tiedtke, H. Wabnitz
    DESY, Hamburg
  An Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) is used to detect lateral position changes of an FEL beam. By its help, beam position stability can be measured via the parasitic ionization of the residual gas in the beamline. We give an outline on operation, calibration and maintenance of the two IPM that have been developed at DESY Zeuthen and that have recently been built into FLASH at DESY Hamburg.  
 
TUPC093 Beam Profile Monitor of the J-PARC 3GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron electron, synchrotron, beam-losses, linac 1275
 
  • K. Satou, N. Hayashi, R. Saeki, A. Ueno, K. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • H. Harada
    Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima
  • S. Lee, T. Toyama
    J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
  • M. Tejima
    KEK, Ibaraki
  To obtain high intensity (1MW) and large emittance (214 π mm mrad) beam profiles of the 3GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the J-PARC, we have developed the ionization profile monitors (IPMs) with wide active aperture and high dynamic range. It has three Microchannel Plates (MCPs) with active area of 81*41mm for signal multiplication and read out devices, and magnet system to generate guiding fields to collect electrons. The wide active aperture of ±116mm is obtained by arranging the three MCPs perpendicular to the beam axis. Furthermore, the dynamic range of 104 level can be obtained by adjusting each bias voltage of the MCPs. The IPMs are now collecting ions without the guiding fields. The beam commissioning of the RCS has been in progress since last year. The horizontal and vertical profiles are of great help, particularly to check injection errors. At the conference, the present status of the IPM system and the latest beam profiles will be reported.  
 
TUPC095 Beam Diagnostics for Commissioning the HEBT and Gantry Sections of the HIT Medical Accelerator diagnostics, extraction, medical-accelerators, controls 1281
 
  • M. Schwickert, A. Reiter
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The HIT medical accelerator at Heidelberg, Germany, is the first dedicated heavy-ion cancer therapy facility in Europe, consisting of a two-stage injector Linac followed by a compact synchrotron. It features three treatment places: two horizontal beam lines, where treatment will be carried out from 2008 using proton and carbon beams, and the first 360° rotating heavy-ion Gantry structure. The accelerator sections of this facility were designed and constructed by GSI, which thereafter was in charge of the commissioning. By now, the required medical beam quality has been achieved in both horizontal beam lines, and beam commissioning of the Gantry structure has started. In this contribution we describe the technical layout of beam diagnostic devices and present measurement data taken in high-energy beam transport lines and patient treatment places.  
 
TUPC097 Beam Diagnostics for the Prototype of the Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR pick-up, diagnostics, electron, vacuum 1287
 
  • T. Sieber, K. Blaum, M. Grieser, M. Lange, F. Laux, T. M. Sorg, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  The Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR at the MPI-K Heidelberg will be a 35m circumference, electrostatic ring, which is mainly dedicated to Molecular- and Atomic Physics experiments. To reach the low pressures (10-15 mbar), which are necessary to achieve the required long liftetimes of the stored ions, the complete ring has to be operated at a temperature below 4K (2K in sections), which means, that it will be installed inside a large cryostat. To prove the novel cryogenics and vacuum concept of the CSR, we have built up a prototype, which is basically a segment of the CSR, housing an electrostatic ion trap. The ion trap is in the first instance used for vacuum measurements and equipment tests in the XHV range, in a later stage, it shall be an experimental facility of its own. Test operation of the Prototype is currently starting. Since the boundary conditions in the CSR are highly demanding for the beam diagnostics system, we have to perform some tests of the CSR diagnostics devices in our Prototype setup. The Poster will describe these devices and present first experimental results.  
 
TUPC102 Cooled Beam Diagnostics on LEIR electron, diagnostics, pick-up, controls 1296
 
  • G. Tranquille, C. Bal, C. Carli, M. Chanel, V. Prieto, R. S. Sautier, J. Tan
    CERN, Geneva
  Electron cooling is central in the preparation of dense bunches of lead beams for the LHC. Ion beam pulses from the LINAC3 are transformed into short high-brightness bunches using multi-turn injection, cooling and accumulation in the Low Energy Ion Ring, LEIR. The cooling process must therefore be continuously monitored in order to guarantee that the lead ions have the required characteristics in terms of beam size and momentum spread. In LEIR a number of systems have been developed to perform these measurements. These include Schottky diagnostics, ionisation profile monitors and scrapers. Along with their associated acquisition and analysis software packages these instruments have proved to be invaluable for the optimisation of the electron cooler.  
 
TUPC108 DITANET–A European Training Network on Novel Diagnostic Techniques for Future Particle Accelerators diagnostics, storage-ring, antiproton, instrumentation 1314
 
  • C. P. Welsch
    KIP, Heidelberg
  • C. P. Welsch
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Beam diagnostics systems are essential constituents of any particle accelerator; they reveal the properties of a beam and how it behaves in a machine. Without an appropriate set of diagnostic elements, it would simply be impossible to operate any accelerator complex let alone optimize its performance. Future accelerator projects will require innovative approaches in particle detection and imaging techniques to provide a full set of information about the beam characteristics. The European Training Network DITANET covers the development of advanced beam diagnostic methods for a wide range of existing or future accelerators, both for electrons and ions. The developments in profile, current, and position measurement techniques stretch beyond present technology and will mark the future state of the art. This contribution presents the scientific challenges that will be addressed within the next four years, together with the networks' structure.  
 
TUPC109 Analysis of Measurement Errors in Residual Gas Ionisation Profile Monitors in a High Intensity Proton Beam space-charge, simulation, proton, synchrotron 1317
 
  • R. E. Williamson, S. J. Payne, B. G. Pine, C. M. Warsop
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  ISIS is the pulsed neutron and muon source based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Operation is centred on a loss-limited 50 Hz proton synchrotron which accelerates ~3·1013 protons per pulse from 70 MeV to 800 MeV, corresponding to a mean beam power of 0.2 MW. Beam profile measurements are a key component of both ISIS operational running and R&D beam studies. Understanding and quantifying limitations in these monitors is essential, and has become more important as work to optimise and study the beam in more detail has progressed. This paper presents 3D field and ion trajectory modelling of the ISIS residual gas ionization profile monitors, including the effects of non-uniformity in longitudinal and transverse drift fields, and beam space charge. The simulation model allows comparison between the input beam profile, and that deduced from ion currents. The resulting behaviour, corrections and errors are then compared with experimental data from the ISIS synchrotron.  
 
TUPD034 Review of the Mechanical Engineering Challenges Associated with the SNS Power Ramp Up vacuum, injection, diagnostics, ion-source 1500
 
  • G. R. Murdoch, D. W. Crisp, M. Holding, P. Ladd, K. G. Potter, R. T. Roseberry
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  Since commissioning of the SNS in April 2006 the beam power has been steadily increasing towards the design intensity of 1.4 MW. Several areas of the accelerator have been shown to require modifications, upgrades or new designs of mechanical equipment to support the power ramp schedule. This paper presents mechanical engineering design work implemented since initial commissioning along with a review of current projects and discussion of mechanical engineering issues being addressed that are a direct result of design decisions made early in the project.  
 
TUPD039 Load Curves Distortion Induced by Fringe Field Effects in the Ion Nanoprobe quadrupole, focusing, controls 1514
 
  • Yu. V. Tereshonkov, S. N. Andrianov
    St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
  Nanoprobes are known to be high precision systems, which require preliminary modeling for thorough analysis of optimal working modes. One of most crucial characteristics of the special class of such beam lines is the so-called load curves (or surfaces). This paper investigates one of the types of intrinsic effects, i.e. fringe fields and their influence on load curves and surfaces, which make it possible to construct the purposeful search of optimal working regimes for nanoprobes. A number of different models for fringe field presentation are discussed in the paper. Analytical and numerical methods and tools are used for analysis and selection of optimal parameters for fringe field models.  
 
TUPP012 Presentation of the New ESRF Vacuum Control Applications from an Operational Point of View vacuum, survey, controls, diagnostics 1550
 
  • D. Schmied, E. Burtin, J. M. Chaize, R. Kersevan, I. Parat, P. V. Verdier
    ESRF, Grenoble
  The ESRF is in operation since more than ten years. Due to the aging vacuum system, we are faced to different kinds of failures such as air or water leaks, overheating of RF-liners or poor chamber alignment. In order to anticipate these failures and therefore reduce down times, we started to develop new diagnostic tools which allow us to detect much faster and with more precision any possible failures or malfunctioning of our vacuum system. Also driven by the increase of machine performances and the continuous vacuum installations, we search for new tools to safely commission such upgrades. This paper outlines our work on the development of a new vacuum user interface, which not simply reflects the actual status of our vacuum system, but which also provides us with a dynamic survey of computed vacuum signals highlighting unusual vacuum behaviours.  
 
TUPP093 Crystalline Beam Simulations storage-ring, coupling, simulation, laser 1747
 
  • D. A. Krestnikov
    JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • M. Ikegami
    JAEA/Kansai, Kizu-machi Souraku-gun Kyoto-fu
  • I. N. Meshkov, A. O. Sidorin, A. V. Smirnov, G. V. Trubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • M. Nakao, A. Noda, H. Souda, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • K. Noda, T. Shirai
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  A new program code was elaborated for the simulation of crystalline beams on the S-LSR storage ring (Kyoto Univ., Japan) under action of the cooling system. For the investigation of ordered proton beams, which recently were observed in first time on S-LSR, a special molecular dynamics technique was used. This article presents results of the numerical simulation and comparison with experimental data.  
 
TUPP102 Beam Transport with Scattering Using SRIM Supporting Software Routines Code beam-transport, scattering, emittance, simulation 1767
 
  • M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik
    STU, Bratislava
  In many situations a particle beam is transported through matter-containing components separated by ion-optical elements. The matter-containing components scatter the beam and alter its emittance diagram. In order to include accurately the scattering in beam-transport a special beam-transport module was included in the SRIM Supporting Software Modules package (S3M)*. It uses transfer-matrix formalism in ion-optical elements. At the entry to a scattering element a beam-generation routine converts the actual σ-matrix into an ensemble of particles and writes a special SRIM input-file. The beam-transport in the scattering element is then calculated by SRIM MC particle tracking. At the exit of the scattering element, the module imports back the SRIM output data and can either continue with transfer-matrix transformations or generate a modified σ-matrix that can be used by other ion-optical programs. It means the beam transport with scattering can either be fully calculated by S3M, or data exchange between S3M and ion-optical programs can be provided. S3M beam-transport module is described in the paper with some typical application examples.

*M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik. Supporting Routines for the SRIM code, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 257 (2007) 601-604.

 
 
TUPP110 Rotative Systems for Dose Distribution in Hadrontherapy (Gantries) dipole, cryogenics, superconducting-magnet, proton 1779
 
  • M. J. Bajard
    UCBL, Villeurbanne
  • F. A. Kircher
    CEA, Grenoble
  Tumour treatments with high velocity ion beams or protons are characterised by a great depth precision (Bragg pic) and a low divergence for dose delivery in very small volumes. In order to spare normal tissues before and around the tumour it is necessary to have the choice of the beam incidence because the patient cannot be moved. Different devices have been built mainly exocentric and isocentric. Many others are being studied. Cryogenic solutions are analysed to reduce the total mass in rotation. For example it would be very interesting to choose a superconductive solution for the last 90° dipole.  
 
TUPP111 Magnetic Design Improvement and Construction of the Large 90o Bending Magnet of the Vertical Beam Delivery Line of CNAO superconductivity, heavy-ion, proton, controls 1782
 
  • W. Beeckman, S. Antoine, F. Forest, J. L. Lancelot, M. J. Leray, T. Planche
    Sigmaphi, Vannes
  • P. Fabbricatore
    INFN Genova, Genova
  • C. Priano, M. Pullia
    CNAO Foundation, Milan
  The CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) is the medical center dedicated to the cancer therapy, under construction in Italy. Protons with energy ranging from 60 to 250 MeV and carbon ions with energy 120 to 400 MeV/u will be delivered to patients in three different treatment rooms, of which one is served with both horizontal and vertical beams. The vertical line requires a 70 tons 90o bending magnet providing 1.81 T in a good field region of x = ± 100 by y = ± 100 mm2 with an integrated field quality (ΔBL/BL) at all field levels ≤ ± 2×10-4. Starting from the experience matured when constructing the large bending magnet for HICAT gantry, we have developed a design able to meet these more stringent requirements in both 2D and 3D and special attention was paid to the study of manufacturing tolerances  
 
TUPP113 Intensity Upgrade Programme for the HIT Injector Linac rfq, linac, ion-source, heavy-ion 1788
 
  • R. Cee, T. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg
  The Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) is a worldwide unique radiation therapy facility and the first installation of its kind in Europe. It is equipped with three treatment rooms and has the potential to irradiate over 1000 patients per year. To guarantee such a high patient throughput, i.e. based on short irradiation times, and in order to prepare upcoming clinical requirements the currently limited beam intensity (particles per spill) needs to be increased. In an endeavour to provide optimum conditions for the patient treatment an intensity upgrade programme for the injector linac has been initiated. It affects primarily the ion source and the RFQ but also other linac components. The largest influence on the linac transmission is expected by a new RFQ design with optimised electrodes, which is currently commissioned on a test bench. The update programme is accompanied by beam dynamics simulations and machine studies. First improvements are presented and the status of the programme is given.  
 
TUPP118 Update of an Accelerator Control System for the New Treatment Facility at HIMAC synchrotron, controls, extraction, target 1800
 
  • Y. Iwata, T. Furukawa, K. Noda, T. Shirai, E. Takada
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  • T. Kadowaki, Y. Sano, H. Uchiyama
    AEC, Chiba
  Tumor therapy using energetic carbon ions, as provided by the HIMAC, has been performed since June 1994, and more than 3200 patients were treated until now. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, we started to construct a new treatment facility. The new facility would have three treatment rooms; two of them have both horizontal and vertical fixed-irradiation-ports, and the other has a rotating-gantry-port. For all the ports, a scanning irradiation method is applied. The new facility will be constructed in conjunction with the HIMAC, and heavy-ion beams will be provided by the HIMAC accelerators. To fulfill requirements for the scanning irradiation, we are planning to update the accelerator control system. The proposed control system would enable us to provide heavy ions having variable energies within a single synchrotron-pulse; the beam energy would be changed a few tenth of times within a pulse by an energy step corresponding to a water range of 2 mm. Since the beam range would be adjusted without using range compensators, an excellent irradiation field could be obtained. We will present our project on updating the accelerator control system.  
 
TUPP120 Current Status of the IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy cyclotron, extraction, proton, simulation 1806
 
  • Y. Jongen, M. Abs, A. Blondin, W. J.G. M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba
    IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve
  • V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G. A. Karamysheva, N. Yu. Kazarinov, S. A. Kostromin, N. A. Morozov, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has been designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium or carbon ions. 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H2+ ions will be accelerated to the energy 250MeV/u and extracted by stripping. We describe the parameters of the cyclotron, the current status of development work on the cyclotron systems. Reports on the status of the C400 project have been given regularly. Therefore, we will focus on the progress which has been achieved since recent reports in Cyclotron 2007 and EPAC 2006 conferences. The project will be ready to begin construction in the nearest future.  
 
TUPP123 SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron For Hadrontherapy cyclotron, resonance, extraction, emittance 1812
 
  • M. M. Maggiore, L. Calabretta, D. Campo, D. Garufi, L. A.C. Piazza, M. Re
    INFN/LNS, Catania
  • E. Samsonov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and C beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The study of the machine is near to be completed. The mechanical and magnetic design will be presented. The mechanical drawing and size of the cyclotron will be presented. The characteristics of the main coil and magnetic field will be presented. The method to change the magnetic setting for H2 and Carbon acceleration will be described. The acceleration system consisting of 4 RF cavities will be also described.  
 
TUPP124 Status of the Particle Therapy Accelerator System Built by DANFYSIK A/S synchrotron, vacuum, dipole, quadrupole 1815
 
  • S. P. Møller, T. Andersen, F. Bødker, A. Baurichter, M. Budde, P. A. Elkiaer, C. E. Hansen, N. Hauge, T. Holst, I. Jensen, L. K. Kruse, S. M. Madsen, M. Schmidt
    Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge
  • K. Blasche
    BTE Heidelberg, Ingeniurbüro, Schriesheim
  • B. J. Franczak
    GSI, Darmstadt
  Danfysik and Siemens have entered a cooperation to market and build Particle Therapy* systems for cancer therapy. The accelerators will consist of an injector (7 MeV/u proton and light ions) and a compact synchrotron able to accelerate proton beams up to 250 MeV and carbon ions up to 430 MeV/u in less than 1s. These beams can be slowly extracted over a period of up to 10s and delivered to treatment rooms through a choice of fixed-angle horizontal and semi-vertical beamlines and Gantry Systems. The intensity for protons and carbon ions will be sufficient for the needs of scanning beam applications. The design of a particular system, with three horizontal beamlines and one semi-vertical (45°) beamline, will be described. At the time of EPAC08, most components have been manufactured and hardware tested. The detailed layout of the facility will be presented, together with some of the components and their performance.

*Particle Therapy is a work in progress and requires country-specific regulatory approval prior to clinical use.

 
 
TUPP125 New Heavy-ion Cancer Treatment Facility at HIMAC target, synchrotron, extraction, controls 1818
 
  • K. Noda, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, S. Minohara, S. Mori, T. Murakami, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei, M. Torikoshi
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  The first clinical trial of cancer treatment with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have proposed a new treatment facility for the purpose of further development of the heavy-ion cancer therapy with HIMAC. This facility, which is connected with the HIMAC synchrotron, consists of three treatment rooms: two rooms equipped with horizontal and vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. In both the fixed beam-delivery and rotating gantry systems, a 3D beam-scanning method is employed with gated irradiation with patient’s respiration in order to increase the treatment accuracy. Since the beam control for the size, the position and the time structure plays an essential role in the 3D beam scanning with the irradiation gated with respiration, the R&D study has been carried out with the HIMAC synchrotron since 2006. At December 2007, the Japanese government approved this project. We will report the design and R&D studies toward the construction of the new treatment facility.  
 
TUPP126 Advanced Concepts for Particle-therapy Accelerators injection, proton, linac, rfq 1821
 
  • Th. Strodl
    ATI, Wien
  • J. Murin, M. Pavlovic, R. Seemann
    STU, Bratislava
  Presently in Europe the first generation of particle-therapy accelerators is on the way from construction into operation. Each layout typically consists of two ion sources, a single injection line, a main synchrotron and beam transfer lines to several treatment rooms, one of them equipped with or foreseen for an ion gantry. The paper presents some possible enhancements for the next facility generation still based on existing layouts and design studies. The focus lies on an improved injection line and gantry concepts. A simplified injection line using a different configuration of ion sources and low-energy beam-transport line is described. It is based on combination of particle species with identical charge-to-mass ratio. Optimized gantry constructions are shown with mechanical designs driven by ion-optical demands, especially by the accuracy of the beam position at the isocentre. The enhancements presented in the paper may influence upgrades of existing centres or may be implemented in the design of newly developed next generation of particle- therapy accelerators.  
 
TUPP127 Spill Structure Measurements at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre synchrotron, proton, controls, beam-losses 1824
 
  • A. Peters, R. Cee, T. Haberer, T. Winkelmann
    HIT, Heidelberg
  • T. Hoffmann, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  A specially designed accelerator facility for tumour irradiation located at the Heidelberg University Hospital was built up, the commissioning is still ongoing. Technically the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) fully relies on the three dimensional intensity-controlled rasterscan technique developed at GSI. This method demands for smoothly extracted ion beams (from protons to oxygen) from the HIT synchrotron. For this purpose a RF knock-out system consisting of a RF-exciter in combination with an electrostatic septum, two septum magnets and two sextupoles is used. To characterize the extracted beams scintillators for low intensities and ionization chambers for higher currents are installed in the high energy transport lines. Using a PXI-based DAQ system full spills are recorded with a time bin of 100 μs. Typical raw data will be shown as well as derived statistics like Fourier spectra and maximum-to-average ratios that proof the beam quality for its applicability to produce outstanding dose distributions via beam scanning. In addition, safety aspects like the performance of the spill interrupt procedure will be demonstrated with measured data.  
 
TUPP130 Development of 3D Dose Verification System for Scanned Ion Beam at HIMAC brightness, background, target, heavy-ion 1830
 
  • N. Saotome, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, T. Kanai, K. Noda, S. Sato
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  A 3D dose imaging system has been developed for a project of a new cancer treatment with 3D pencil beam scanning at HIMAC. This system provides the dose measurements easily and rapidly. this system consists of a water tank, fluorescent screen and charge-coupled device, set at isocentor. The fluorescent screen is directly attached to the downstream side of water tank. One of great advantages of this system is to obtain 2D dose map at once, by correcting LET-dependent quenching. The procedure to verify 3D dose distribution is based on the 2D dose measurement of slice-by-slice under a water depth. We will present the measurement result of 3D dose distribution by the proposed method, and its comparison with that by the ionization chamber.  
 
TUPP131 Status of the Linac Components for the Italian Hadrontherapy Centre CNAO linac, rfq, vacuum, controls 1833
 
  • H. Vormann, C. M. Kleffner, A. Reiter, B. Schlitt
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • G. Clemente, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  The IH-DTL for the Linac in the Italian National Center for Hadron Therapy in Oncology CNAO will accelerate different ion species (C4+, O6+,3He+, H2+) to an energy of 7 MeV/u. The combined rebunching and accelerating beam dynamic concept ("KONUS", "Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur", combined zero degree structure) requires a real voltage distribution in all 56 accelerator gaps (distributed in 4 sections) matching very close to the design voltage distribution. The tuning of the mechanically finished and copper plated cavity started in January 2007, based on the experience from the similar IH-DTL for the HIT linac ("Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum", the Heidelberg ion beam therapy center). Very small differences in mechanical measures caused modified starting conditions, resulting in varying number and shape of fixed tuners, but nevertheless accurate field distribution. The CNAO Linac is at presently under commissioning, all linac components except the IH-DTL have been delivered to the center in November 2007.  
 
TUPP133 Assembly of the Carbon Beam Gantry at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator quadrupole, alignment, proton, survey 1839
 
  • U. Weinrich, R. Fuchs
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • E. Sust
    MT Mechatronics, Main
  The HIT facility comprises the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. This gantry is especially unique in offering fully flexible beam transport to the patient up to a magnetic rigidity of 6.6 Tm, equivalent to an energy of C-ions of 430 MeV/u. It includes a full 3D-beam scanning system and full medical treatment environment. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree so that the beam may be aimed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning of the gantry with beam was started in January 2008, when the first beams were transported into the treatment room. The design and assembly of this gantry with a rotating mass on the order of 600 tons was a real challenge to the project partners involved, in particular the supplier MT Mechatronics. Given the tight tolerances for the position of the beam line components the survey and alignment procedure was difficult, since also the elastic deformation for the different rotation angles had to be taken into account. This presentation will report on the experiences and results of the assembly and alignment phases. Furthermore, the final performance reached for precision and reproducibility of the beam line components will be presented.  
 
TUPP134 Commissioning of the Carbon Beam Gantry at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator proton, beam-transport, synchrotron, quadrupole 1842
 
  • U. Weinrich, C. M. Kleffner
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The HIT facility comprises the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. This gantry is especially unique in offering fully flexible beam transport to the patient for carbon ions up to an energy of 430 MeV/u. It includes a full 3D-beam scanning system and full medical treatment environment. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree so that the beam may be directed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning with beam of the gantry was successfully started in January 2008 when the first proton and carbons beams were transported into the gantry treatment room. Based on theoretical calculations for rotation independent settings of the beam optics, the beam commissioning aims for an efficient practical way to realize the full variety of required beam properties (2 ion types, 10 intensities, 255 energy steps, and four beam sizes) in the isocenter independent of the gantry angle. The presentation will report on the concept and progress of the beam commissioning process.  
 
TUPP143 Collective Ionization by Attosecond Electron Bunches electron, plasma, target, collective-effects 1851
 
  • A. Ogata, T. Kondoh, K. Norizawa, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida
    ISIR, Osaka
  Present accelerator technology has realized linac bunch length on the order of femtosecond. If the bunch length becomes onto the order of attosecond, its inverse is comparable to the ionization frequency; ionization potential divided by Plank's constant. The stopping power then becomes proportional to square of the number of bunch electrons. Such a bunch ionizes the target collectively. This collective, or coherent ionization will provide us plenty of applications including unknown ones at the present. This phenomenon has historically been expected in cluster beams, which can be regarded as ultra-short bunches. The present paper adapts formalism of stopping power of a medium characterized by a dielectric function against cluster beams to that against electron bunches. It then describes some numerical calculations on the collective ionization by the attosecond electron bunches.  
 
TUPP148 Multigrid Negative Ion Source Test and Modeling plasma, electron, ion-source, simulation 1857
 
  • M. Cavenago
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  • V. Antoni, G. Serianni, P. Veltri
    Consorzio RFX, Euratom ENEA Association, Padova
  Negative ion sources are a fundamental ingredient of neutral ion beam injectors for tokamak, like the ITER project and beyond. While detail of formation of negative ions and meniscus of the plasma beam interface at source extraction at source extraction is still debated, reasonable modelling of the beam extraction is well possible. A project of a small source (up to 9 beamlet of 15 mA each of H-, 60 kV acceleration voltage) is here described, and relevant modeling tools are reviewed. Power load deposition on the extraction grid (about 1.5 kW total) and on the source walls (comparable) need accurate cooling design. The extracted beam is direclty useful for wall damage studies.  
 
TUPP151 A High Intensity Positron Source at Saclay: The SOPHI Project positron, target, linac, electron 1863
 
  • O. Delferriere, V. Blideanu, M. Carty, A. Curtoni, L. Liszkay, P. Perez, J. M. Rey, N. Ruiz, Y. Sauce
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • F. Forest, J. L. Lancelot, D. Neuveglise
    Sigmaphi, Vannes
  One of the fundamental questions of todays physics concerns the action of gravity upon antimatter. No experimental direct measurement has ever been successfully performed with antimatter particles. An R&D program has been launched at IRFU (CEA/Saclay) to demonstrate the feasibility of the production of antihydrogen (H) with the use of a target of positronium (Ps) atoms. This target, when bombarded with antiprotons, should allow combining its positrons with the incoming antiprotons and create H atoms and H+ ions. This experiment needs a large amount of Ps atoms, thus an intense source of positrons is necessary. We are building the SOPHI experiment in Saclay, based on a small 5 MeV electron linac to produce positrons via pair production on a tungsten target. This device should provide 108 slow e+/s, i.e. a factor 300 greater than the strongest activity Na22 based setups. The SOPHI system has been finalized in 2006 and the main components have been studied and built during 2007. The experiment is currently assembled and first results are expected in June 2008. The Linac, beam production and transport system will be presented, and first positron production rate measurements reported.  
 
WEOAG01 Prospects for a Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) at the LHC collider, hadron, luminosity, lepton 1903
 
  • M. Klein
    Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool
  • H. Aksakal
    N. U, Nigde
  • F. Bordry, H.-H. Braun, O. S. Brüning, H. Burkhardt, R. Garoby, J. M. Jowett, T. P.R. Linnecar, K. H. Mess, J. A. Osborne, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, J. Tuckmantel, F. Zimmermann, A. de Roeck
    CERN, Geneva
  • S. Chattopadhyay, J. B. Dainton
    Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
  • A. K. Ciftci
    Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara
  • A. Eide
    EPFL, Lausanne
  • B. J. Holzer
    DESY, Hamburg
  • P. Newman
    Birmingham University, Birmingham
  • E. Perez
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  • S. Sultansoy
    TOBB ETU, Ankara
  • A. Vivoli
    LAL, Orsay
  • F. J. Willeke
    BNL, Upton, New York
  The LHeC collides a lepton beam with one of the intense, LHC, hadron beams. It achieves both e± interactions with quarks at the terascale, at eq masses in excess of 1 TeV, with a luminosity of about 1033 cm-2 s-1, and it also enables a sub-femtoscopic probe of hadronic matter at unprecedented chromodynamic energy density, at Bjorken-x values down to 10-6 in the deep inelastic scattering domain. The LHeC combines the LHC infrastructure with recent advances in radio-frequency, in linear acceleration and in other associated technologies, to enable two proposals for TeV ep collisions: a "ring-ring" option in which 7 TeV protons (and ions) collide with about 70 GeV electrons/positrons in a storage ring in the LHC tunnel and a "linac-ring" option based on an independent superconducting linear accelerator enabling single-pass collisions of electrons and positrons of up to about 140 GeV with an LHC hadron beam. Both options will be presented and compared. Steps are outlined for completing a Conceptual Design Review of the accelerator complex, beam delivery, luminosity, physics and implications for experiment, following declared support by ECFA and by CERN for a CDR.  
slides icon Slides  
 
WEOAG02 Measurements of Heavy Ion Beam Losses from Collimation simulation, proton, collimation, beam-losses 1906
 
  • R. Bruce, R. W. Assmann, G. Bellodi, C. Bracco, H.-H. Braun, S. S. Gilardoni, E. B. Holzer, J. M. Jowett, S. Redaelli, Th. Weiler, C. Zamantzas
    CERN, Geneva
  The collimation efficiency for Pb82+ ion beams in the LHC is predicted to be much lower than for protons. Nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation in the primary collimators create fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios, which are not intercepted by the secondary collimators but lost where the dispersion has grown sufficiently large. In this article we present measurements of loss patterns caused by a prototype LHC collimator in the CERN SPS. The loss maps show a qualitative difference between Pb82+ ions and protons, with the maximum loss rate observed at different places in the ring. This behaviour was predicted by simulations and provides a valuable benchmark of the simulations done for the LHC.  
slides icon Slides  
 
WEOCG03 RF Reference Signal Distribution System for FAIR target, controls, antiproton, linac 1935
 
  • M. Bousonville
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • P. Meissner
    TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
  For the synchronisation of RF systems in the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotrons and storage rings, an RF Reference Signal Distribution System is being developed. The FAIR RF cavities need signals with different phases and frequencies. Furthermore, frequency ramps with RF frequency ratios of up to 7 have to be realized in all rings. To enable this functionality, the distribution system provides two different clock signals to several locations within the facility that will be up to 1 km apart. By means of these clock signals, frequency generators can be synchronised that generate the RF signals needed for the cavities. For the transmission of the clock signals, an optical network based on the DWDM method (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) will be used. The delay will permanently be measured and by means of the delay data, a clock regenerator produces a phase synchronous and stable reference signal at the end of each transmission line. A delay measurement accuracy of better than 100 fs has been achieved. The presentation focuses on the design of the system as well as the performance of the prototype.  
slides icon Slides  
 
WEOBM01 R&D Activities Aimed at Developing a Curved Fast Ramped Superconducting Dipole for FAIR SIS300 dipole, synchrotron, coupling, antiproton 1950
 
  • P. Fabbricatore, S. Farinon, R. Musenich
    INFN Genova, Genova
  • F. Alessandria, G. Bellomo, G. Volpini
    INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
  • U. Gambardella
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • J. E. Kaugerts, G. Moritz
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • R. Marabotto
    ASG, Genova
  • M. Sorbi
    Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate
  One of the basic components of the FAIR facility, under development at GSI, is the synchrotron SIS300 (300 Tm rigidity). In order to reach the required high intensities of proton and heavy ion beams, the magnets of this synchrotron have to be pulsed from the injection magnetic field of 1.5 T up to 4.5 T maximum field at the rate of 1 T/s. These 7.8 m long, cos-teta shaped coils with a 100 mm bore have the particular characteristic to be curved (the sagitta is 114 mm). All these aspects demand for a challenging R&D, aimed at the development of a low loss conductor and of a suitable winding technology for curved coil. Further design issues are related to the optimization of the stress distribution involving materials able to hold 107 cycles and to the maximization of the heat transfer to coolant (supercritical helium at 4.7 K). At the present time, design activities are going on with the aim to design, construct and test a 3.8 m long prototype within 2009. In order to achieve this objective, several intermediate milestones are included in the R&D program. One of the most challenging is the industrial development of a method for winding a curved cos-teta dipole.  
slides icon Slides  
 
WEOBM04 LHC: The World's Largest Vacuum Systems being Commissioned at CERN vacuum, cryogenics, injection, cathode 1959
 
  • J. M. Jimenez
    CERN, Geneva
  When it switches on in the spring of 2008, the 26.7 km Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, will have the world's largest vacuum system operating over a wide range of pressures and employing an impressive array of vacuum technologies. This system is composed by 54 km of UHV vacuum for the circulating beams and 24 km of insulation vacuum around the cryogenic magnets operated mainly at 1.9 K. Over the 54 km of UHV beam vacuum, 48 km of this must be at cryogenic temperature (1.9 K). The remaining 6 km of beam vacuum containing the insertions is at ambient temperature and uses non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings – a vacuum technology that was born and industrialized at CERN. The pumping is completed using 600 ion pumps to remove noble gases and 1000 gauges are used to monitor the pressures. The cryogenic insulation vacuum, while technically less demanding, is impressive by its size - 24 km in length, 900 mm in diameter for a total volume of 640 m3. Once cooled at 1.9 K, the cryogenic pumping allows reaching pressure in the 10-6 mbar range. This paper described the entire vacuum system and the challenges of the design, manufacturing, installation and commissioning phases.  
slides icon Slides  
 
WEPC006 Beam Lifetime and Collective Effects in Taiwan Photon Source impedance, insertion, insertion-device, vacuum 1992
 
  • P. J. Chou, H.-P. Chang, C.-C. Kuo, W. T. Liu, H.-J. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  The design of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has a natural emittance less than 2 nm-rad and low emittance coupling. The nominal rms bunch length is less than 3 mm. Several small-gap undulators are planned to provide x-ray photon beam with extremely high brightness. The vertical gap of these undulators are in the range of 5-7 mm. The TPS ring will be operated at top-up mode with high beam current. Various collective effects due to high beam current are investigated. Impacts of small-gap undulators to the beam lifetime are carefully studied. The results of theoretical analysis are presented. Proposals to overcome deleterious effects due to high beam current and small-gap undulators are also discussed.  
 
WEPC007 Vacuum Performance of the Diamond Light Source In-vacuum Insertion Devices vacuum, storage-ring, target, insertion 1995
 
  • M. P. Cox, S. Bryan, B. F. Macdonald, H. S. Shiers
    Diamond, Oxfordshire
  Diamond Light Source is the UK's new 3 GeV 3rd generation synchrotron light source with a 562 m circumference electron storage ring. At the start of user operations in January 2007, 5 in-vacuum undulators were in operation and a further 3 units have been installed subsequently. This paper describes the vacuum performance of these devices. 3 different mechanical configurations with different undulator canting angle and different pumping arrangements of the interconnecting vessels are installed. One configuration has non-evaporable getter (NEG) coated interconnecting vessels. Vacuum simulations were carried out on these configurations as part of the vacuum design process to predict their performance. Following final magnetic characterization, each of the devices was vacuum assembled and baked ex-situ for an extended period and then installed under dry nitrogen purge conditions, eliminating the need for a time-consuming in-situ bakeout in most cases. After a period of pump down and beam conditioning, the operating pressures in all the in-vacuum undulators were below the target specification and produced acceptably low Gas Bremsstrahlung radiation levels in the beamlines.  
 
WEPC012 Commissioning and Operation of the Metrology Light Source (MLS) injection, accumulation, electron, storage-ring 2010
 
  • J. Feikes, M. Abo-Bakr, K. B. Buerkmann-Gehrlein, M. V. Hartrott, J. Rahn, G. Wuestefeld
    BESSY GmbH, Berlin
  • R. Klein, G. Ulm
    PTB, Berlin
  The Metrology Light Source (MLS) is dedicated to metrological and technological developments in the UV and EUV spectral range and in the IR and THz region. The new electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is located next to the BESSY II storage ring in Berlin - Adlershof. The MLS with its 48 m circumference can be operated at any electron beam energy between 105 MeV and 630 MeV. The electron beam currents vary from 1 pA (one stored electron) up to 200 mA. These specific modes of operation were achieved during the initial one year phase of the commissioning of the storage ring until April 2008, when the regular MLS user operation started. The basis for this success was the previously commissioned microtron which is the main part of the injection system.  
 
WEPC109 Development of an In-vacuum Undulator System for U-SAXS Beamline at PLS undulator, controls, vacuum, monitoring 2255
 
  • D. J. Waterman, A. Deyhim, J. Kulesza, E. Van Every
    Advanced Design Consulting, Inc, Lansing, New York
  • K. I. Blomqvist
    MAX-lab, Lund
  The design of a hybrid in-vacuum undulator with 20mm period, effective peak field of 1.05 Tesla, and 1800 mm magnetic length is being presented. The design requirements and mechanical difficulties for holding, positioning, and driving the magnetic arrays are explored. The structural and finite element analysis, magnetic design, and electrical considerations that influenced the design are then analyzed. This in-vacuum undulator (IVUN) is being installed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) for U-SAXS (Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering) beamline. The IVUN will generate undulator radiation up to ~14 keV using higher harmonic (upto 9th) undulator radiation with 2.5 GeV PLS electron beam.  
 
WEPC146 Plasma Lens of the ITEP Heavy Ion Accelerator plasma, focusing, heavy-ion, simulation 2353
 
  • A. A. Drozdovsky, V. Abramenko, M. M. Basko, A. Golubev, D. D. Iosseliany, A. V. Kantsyrev, A. P. Kuznetsov, Yu. B. Novozhilov, O. V. Pronin, P. V. Sasorov, S. M. Savin, B. Y. Sharkov, V. V. Yanenko
    ITEP, Moscow
  At ITEP, on the bases of the TWAC-ITEP (Terawatt Accumulator) complex, a new facility is being built to conduct research at high energy densities in matter*. Application of a plasma lens to this area of research has a number of essential advantages in comparison with the traditional system based on quadruple lenses**. In accordance with the principal goals of this project, a pulse-power generator has been developed, with which a stable discharge current of up to 250 kA and duration of 4 μs has been achieved and which was used for experimental and theoretical investigation of the plasma lens performance. The plasma lens was installed into the exit channel of the TWAC accelerator complex, and its testing began by focusing of a C+6 beam with the ion energy of 200 MeV/a.u.m. As one of the first results, a minimum focal spot diameter of 350 μm FWHM has been measured at a target distance of 50 mm from the end of the discharge tube. The lens parameters were as follows: capacitance – 24 μF, charging voltage – 13 kV, discharge current – 220 kA, current half-wave – 4 μs, argon pressure – 3 mbar.

*Sharkov B. Yu. et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A464 (2001), p. 1.
** D. H.H. Hoffmann et al. Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 161-163, (2000), p. 9.

 
 
WEPC151 Magnetic Field Design and Calculation for the FLNR U400R Cyclotron cyclotron, simulation, heavy-ion, acceleration 2359
 
  • I. A. Ivanenko, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G. Gulbekyan, N. Yu. Kazarinov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • V. P. Kukhtin, E. A. Lamzin, S. E. Sytchevsky
    NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
  Presently FLNR reconstructs the U400 cyclotron. The new, U400R cyclotron is intended to accelerate the ion beams with A/Z from 4 to 12 up to the energy 0.78 – 27 MeV/nucleon. The wide range of the magnetic field levels from 0.8T till 1.8T allows to make a smooth variation of the beam energy over the range ±60% from nominal. For optimization of the magnetic field the 14 pairs of radial correcting coils are used. The numerical formation of the magnetic field is carried out. At the present work the main problems and solutions of the magnetic field design are described.  
 
WEPD017 Full Size Prototype Magnets for Heavy Ion Superconducting Synchrotron SIS100 at GSI: Status of Manufacturing and Test at JINR dipole, quadrupole, synchrotron, antiproton 2443
 
  • A. D. Kovalenko, N. N. Agapov, A. V. Alfeev, A. V. Bychkov, A. V. Gromov, H. G. Khodzhibagiyan, G. L. Kuznetsov, A. Y. Starikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • E. S. Fischer, G. Moritz, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A. V. Shabunov
    JINR/LHE, Moscow
  The SIS100 synchrotron is designed for acceleration of high intensity beams with a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz. The use of superferric Nuclotron-type dipoles, quadrupoles and corrector magnets is planned in the accelerator magnetic system. The magnet coils are made of hollow NbTi composite cable cooled with two-phase helium flow at 4.5 K. The lattice comprises 108 dipoles, 168 quadrupoles and necessary set of steerer and multipole corrector magnets. We present recent results from the design and optimization of the SIS100 magnetic elements parameters. The status of manufacturing full size prototypes is presented. The essential features of the magnets production and the new test results are discussed.  
 
WEPD030 Feasibility Study of Combined Function Magnets for a NS-FFAG for Medical Applications dipole, quadrupole, proton, lattice 2476
 
  • H. Witte, J. H. Cobb
    OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon
  • K. J. Peach
    JAI, Oxford
  Non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (NS-FFAG) accelerators combine a number of advantages, such as rapid particle acceleration and large acceptance. These features make NS-FFAGs particularly interesting for medical applications. NS-FFAGs could be used for cancer therapy, which may lead to significant size and cost reductions in comparison to other accelerator types. Cancer therapy with protons or carbon ions is advantageous in comparison to conventional radiation treatment amongst other things due to the higher biological effectiveness. This paper discusses the basic magnet design issues for the PAMELA project. PAMELA is a prototype proton/carbon-ion therapy facility.  
 
WEPP001 Energy Loss of Coasting Gold Ions and Deutrons in RHIC synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation, impedance 2518
 
  • N. P. Abreu, M. Blaskiewicz, K. A. Brown, J. J. Butler, W. Fischer, M. Harvey, S. Tepikian
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • H. Burkhardt
    CERN, Geneva
  The total energy loss of coasting gold ion beams was measured at RHIC at two energies, corresponding to a gamma of 75.2 and 107.4. We describe the experiment and observations and compare the measured total energy loss with expectations from ionization losses at the residual gas, the energy loss due to impedance and synchrotron radiation. We find that the measured energy losses are below what is expected from free space synchrotron radiation. We believe that this shows evidence for suppression of synchrotron radiation which is cut off at long wavelength by the presence of the conducting beam pipe.  
 
WEPP006 Effects of Ultraperipheral Nuclear Collisions in the LHC and their Alleviation simulation, collimation, beam-losses, luminosity 2533
 
  • R. Bruce, S. S. Gilardoni, J. M. Jowett
    CERN, Geneva
  Electromagnetic interactions between colliding heavy ions at the LHC are the sources of specific beam loss mechanisms that may quench superconducting magnets. We propose a simple yet efficient strategy to alleviate the effect of localized losses from bound-free pair production by spreading them out in several magnets by means of orbit bumps. We also consider the consequences of neutron emission by electromagnetic dissociation and show through simulations that ions modified by this process will be intercepted by the collimation system, without further modifications.  
 
WEPP011 Setup and Performance of RHIC for the 2008 Run with Deuteron and Gold Collisions luminosity, injection, lattice, feedback 2548
 
  • C. J. Gardner, N. P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, J. G. Alessi, M. Bai, D. S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. J. Butler, P. Cameron, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, A. J. Della Penna, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. W. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. F. Ingrassia, J. Kewisch, R. C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W. W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. J. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. C. Pilat, E. Pozdeyev, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. E. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  This year deuterons and gold ions were collided in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the first time since 2003. The setup and performance of the collider for this run is reviewed with a focus on improvements that have led to an order of magnitude increase in luminosity since the 2003 run.  
 
WEPP015 Experience with IBS-suppression Lattice in RHIC lattice, luminosity, emittance, heavy-ion 2557
 
  • V. Litvinenko, M. Bai, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, A. J. Della Penna, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, G. Ganetis, L. T. Hoff, W. Louie, Y. Luo, N. Malitsky, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, C. Montag, F. C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  An intra-beam scattering (IBS) is the limiting factor of the luminosity lifetime for RHIC operating with heavy ions. In order to suppress the IBS we designed and implemented new lattice with higher betatron tunes. This lattice had been developed during last three years and had been used for gold ions in yellow ring of the RHIC during d-Au part of the RHIC Run-8. The use of this lattice allowed both significant increases in the luminosity lifetime and the luminosity levels via reduction of beta-stars in the IPs. In this paper we report on the development, the tests and the performance of IBS-suppression lattice in RHIC, including the resulting increases in the peak and the average luminosity. We also report on our plans for future steps with the IBS suppression.  
 
WEPP029 Project of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA) at JINR collider, luminosity, electron, heavy-ion 2581
 
  • G. V. Trubnikov, N. N. Agapov, V. Alexandrov, A. V. Butenko, E. E. Donets, A. V. Eliseev, A. Govorov, V. Kekelidze, H. G. Khodzhibagiyan, V. Kobets, A. D. Kovalenko, O. S. Kozlov, A. Kuznetsov, I. N. Meshkov, V. A. Mikhaylov, V. Monchinsky, V. Shevtsov, A. O. Sidorin, A. N. Sissakian, A. V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, V. Toneev, V. Volkov, V. Zhabitsky
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • O. I. Brovko, I. Issinsky
    JINR/LHE, Moscow
  The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is the new accelerator complex being constructed at JINR aimed to provide collider experiments with heavy ions up to uranium at maximum energy (center of mass) equal to 9 GeV/u. It includes new 6 Mev/u linac, 440 MeV/u booster, upgraded SC synchrotron Nuclotron and collider consisting of two SC rings, which provide average luminosity of 1027cm-2s-1. General goal of the project is to start in the coming 5-7 years experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter and search for possible manifestation of signs of the mixed phase and critical endpoint in heavy ion collisions. The NICA and the Multi Purpose Detector (MPD) are proposed for these purposes. Accelerator complex NICA is being built on the experience and technological developments at the Nuclotron facility and incorporates new technological concepts. The new facility will allow also an effective acceleration of light ions to the Nuclotron maximum energy and an increase of intensity of polarized deuteron beams up to the level above 1010 particles/cycle. The scheme of the facility, its operation scenario and beam dynamics are presented in the report.  
 
WEPP041 High-current Effects in the PEP-II Storage Rings kicker, vacuum, feedback, impedance 2611
 
  • U. Wienands, W. X. Cheng, W. S. Colocho, S. DeBarger, F.-J. Decker, S. Ecklund, A. S. Fisher, D. Kharakh, A. Krasnykh, A. Novokhatski, M. K. Sullivan
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  High beam currents, 2A(HER) & 3A(LER), in PEP-II has been a challenge for the vacuum system. For the ~1 cm long bunches peak currents reach 50 A. Thus modest impedances can give rise to voltage spikes and discharges. A weakness was uncovered during Run 6: rf seals at the "flex flanges" that join the HER arc dipole and quadrupole chambers became a source of an increasing number of HER beam aborts. Vacuum activity was seen and thermal sensors on these flanges saw temperature spikes. Inspection of the seals found arcing and melting, prompting us to replace all of these seals with an improved design using Inconel instead of GlidCop fingers. We believe the GlidCop fingers do not maintain elasticity and hence can not follow chamber motion due to thermal effects. The Run 7 startup confirmed the success of this repair. However, high bunch current in the LER caused breakdown in a LER kicker. This limited the LER bunch current to about 1 mA. Inspection revealed damage to one of the recently added Macor pins that help support the electrodes. Failure analysis revealed heating of the pin & post-facto modeling shows high fields coming from a combination of HOM impedance and high peak currents.  
 
WEPP049 Advances on ELIC Design Studies electron, optics, luminosity, collider 2632
 
  • S. A. Bogacz, P. Chevtsov, Y. S. Derbenev, P. Evtushenko, M. Hutton, G. A. Krafft, R. Li, L. Merminga, J. Musson, B. C. Yunn, Y. Zhang
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • J. Qiang
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • H. K. Sayed
    Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
  An electron-ion collider of a center-of-mass energy up to 90 GeV at luminosity up to 1035 cm-2s-1 with both beams highly polarized is essential for exploring the new QCD frontier of strong color fields in nuclear and precisely imaging the sea-quarks and gluons in the nucleon. A conceptual design of a ring-ring collider based on CEBAF (ELIC) with energies up to 9 GeV for electrons/positrons and up to 225 GeV for protons and 100 GeV/u for ions has been proposed to fulfill the science desire and to serve as the next step for CEBAF after the planned 12 GeV energy upgrade of the fixed target program. Here, we summarize recent design progress for the ELIC complex with four interaction points (IP); including interaction region optics with chromatic aberration compensation scheme and complete lattices for the Figure-8 collider rings. Further optimization of crab crossing angles at the IPs, simulations of beam-beam interactions and electron polarization in the Figure-8 ring and its matching at the IPs are also discussed.  
 
WEPP051 QCD Explorer Based eA and γA Colliders collider, luminosity, electron, linac 2635
 
  • H. Karadeniz
    Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara
  • E. Recepoglu
    SNRTC, Ankara
  • S. Sultansoy
    TOBB ETU, Ankara
  TeV scale lepton-hadron and photon-hadron colliders are necessary both to clarify fundamental aspects of strong interactions and for adequate interpretation of the LHC data. Today, there are two realistic proposals for the post-HERA era, namely, QCD Explorer (QCD-E) and Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC). Both QCD-E and LHeC can operate as eA colliders, whereas γp and γA options are unique for QCD-E. Another advantage of QCD-E is the possibility to increase the center of mass energy by lengthening of electron linac. In this presentation main parameters of the QCD-E nucleus options are discussed.  
 
WEPP053 Beam Transport in Toroidal Magnetic field injection, beam-transport, simulation, proton 2641
 
  • N. S. Joshi, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  The concept of a storage ring with toroidal magnetic field was presented in the two previous EPAC conferences. Here we report the first results of experiments performed with beam transport in toroidal magnetic fields and details of the injection system. The beam transport experiments were carried out with 30 degree toroidal segments with an axial magnetic field of 0.6T. The space charge force and dynamics of a proton beam near the brillouin flow limit are presented here. The multiturn injection system relies on a specified injection coil together with an electric kicker system. The scaling law for the complete storage ring is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages for such a stellarator type storage ring on the 5T level will be reviewed.  
 
WEPP080 Baseline Design of the ESS Bilbao Linac proton, linac, ion-source, target 2704
 
  • R. Enparantza, L. Uriarte
    Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
  • F. J. Bermejo
    Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
  • J. Lucas
    Elytt Energy, Madrid
  The baseline design for the ESS-B accelerator adheres to suggestions made by ESS-I, and seeks to enter a design phase for a machine based upon a 150 mA +H proton beam. Such intensity was to be delivered, as stated in the 2003 Technical Report by a tandem of two proton ion sources of some 85 mA each funnelled after the two beams are accelerated up to about 20 MeV. Current activities developed during the last few years within the CARE and EUROTRANS efforts have resulted in significant advances in both ion source and low-energy acceleration technologies which will surely have a relevant impact on the proposed accelerator design. More into specifics, our current activities are being directed towards the exploration of:
  1. The use of a single proton source capable to deliver proton currents of 150 mA or above. Proton sources such as SILHI at CEA have already produced currents of 130 mA at low duty factors.
  2. The use of superconducting cavities (spokes, quarter-wave etc.) for medium energy (40 - 100 MeV) acceleration (IFMIF and SPIRAL2).
  3. The behaviour of beams extracted from present day proton ECR sources at medium and high energies.
 
 
WEPP111 Modeling Breakdown in RF Cavities Using Particle-in-cell (PIC) codes simulation, plasma, electron, background 2767
 
  • S. Mahalingam, J. R. Cary, P. Stoltz, S. A. Veitzer
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
  A main limitation on future accelerator projects is breakdown of metallic structures. We have developed computer models of the process of breakdown using Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes which include: Fowler-Nordheim field emission due to large surface electric fields, impact ionization of neutral gas, ion-induced secondary electron emission, ion-induced sputtering of neutrals, the effects of applied magnetic fields, plasma radiation effects, and surface heating. Two computational tools have been used to self-consistently model the breakdown. These are
  1. OOPIC Pro, a 2-Dimensional serial electromagnetic code with cylindrical coordinates, and
  2. VORPAL, a 3-Dimensional massively parallel electromagnetic code with cartesian grids.
We describe here the results of our numerical experiments including the effects of applied magnetic field strength and direction on the breakdown process, sensitivity of breakdown triggers on field emission parameters, and the potential to measure the onset of breakdown by examining impurity radiation. We show comparison with breakdown experiments performed at Fermilab and Argonne for copper structures being considered for a future muon collider project.
 
 
WEPP129 Digital Acceleration Scheme of the KEK All-ion Accelerator acceleration, induction, synchrotron, controls 2797
 
  • T. S. Dixit
    GUAS/AS, Ibaraki
  • Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, K. Takayama
    KEK, Ibaraki
  R&D works to realize an all-ion accelerator (AIA)*-capable of accelerating all ions of any possible charge state, based on the induction synchrotron concept, which was demonstrated using the KEK 12 GeV-PS in 2006 **, is going on. In the induction synchrotron, unlike an RF synchrotron, operational performance is not limited due to the frequency band-width, since the switching power supply to energize the induction acceleration system is triggered by signals obtained from the bunch monitor. For a POP experiment of AIA, argon ions will be accelerated in the KEK-500 MeV booster ring, a Rapid Cycle Synchrotron (f=20 Hz) and the RCS requires a dynamic change in the acceleration voltage. Since the induction acceleration voltage per pulse is fixed, a novel technique combining the pulse density control and intermittent operation of multi-acceleration cells has been proposed. The acceleration scheme of the AIA fully employing this technique was verified by computer simulation and demonstrated at our test facility, where a new induction acceleration cell generating an acceleration voltage pulse of 2 μsec long was triggered by a beam simulator to mimic a circulating Ar beam in the KEK-AIA

* K. Takayama, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, Y. Shimosaki, T. Dixit, K. Torikai, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304 (2007).
**K. Takayama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007).

 
 
WEPP131 RF-breakdown Experiments at the CTF3 Two-beam Test-stand electron, dipole, extraction, vacuum 2800
 
  • M. Johnson, T. J.C. Ekelöf, R. J.M. Y. Ruber, V. G. Ziemann
    UU/ISV, Uppsala
  • H.-H. Braun
    CERN, Geneva
  The Two-beam Test-stand (TBTS) in the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 offers unique possibilities to conduct RF-breakdown related experiments on the accelerating structures and the power extraction and transfer structures with beam. We report on the set-up of two such experiments, one for the measurement of the transverse kick and the other for the measurement of positive ion currents. The purpose of the transverse kick measurements is to determine the effects of a RF-breakdown event on the beam. Five BPMs in the TBTS will be used to study the trajectory of a pulse train after a RF-breakdown event, with important implications for the operation of CLIC. Ion currents ejected from accelerating structures during RF-breakdown events have already been observed at the 30 GHz test stand at the present test facility. Results and their implications for RF-breakdown physics are presented, as well as plans for similar measurements at the TBTS.  
 
THPPGM02 EPS-AG 2008 Frank Sacherer Prize Presentation: First Steps Toward Laser Stripping Implementation laser, polarization, linac, proton 2955
 
  • V. V. Danilov
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  Thin carbon foils are used as strippers for charge exchange injection into high intensity proton rings. However, the stripping foils become radioactive and produce uncontrolled beam loss, which is one of the main factors limiting beam power in high intensity proton rings. Recently, the first laser-assisted high efficiency conversion of H- beam into protons was successfully demonstrated for a short laser pulse at Spallation Neutron Source project in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The next step will be to build stripping device to make 1-10 μsec pulses stripping. The associated problems and possible solutions for projects with large ranges of H- beam energies are described.  
slides icon Slides  
 
THPC001 Synthesis of Optimal Nanoprobe (Linear Approximation) focusing, target, controls, quadrupole 2969
 
  • S. N. Andrianov, A. A. Chernyshev, N. S. Edamenko, Yu. V. Tereshonkov
    St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
  High energy focused ion (proton) micro- and nanoprobes are intensively integrated to powerful analytical tool for different scientific and technological aims. Requirements for beam characteristics of similar focusing systems are extremely rigid. The value of demagnification for micro- and nanoprobes is the main optimality criteria, and as desirable value are in the range from 50 to 100 or even more. In the paper, we reconsider the basic properties of first order focusing systems from an optimal viewpoint. The matrix formalism allows us to formulate a nonlinear programming problem for all parameters of guiding elements. For this purpose there are used computer algebra methods and tools as the first step, and then some combination of special numerical methods. As a starting point for nanoprobe we consider so called “russian quadruplet”. On the next steps, we also investigate other types of nanoprobes. Some graphical and tabular data for nanoprobe parameters are cited as an example.  
 
THPC018 Beam Dynamics Issues in the CLIC Long Transfer Line electron, injection, emittance, positron 3017
 
  • J. B. Jeanneret, E. Adli, A. Latina, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas
    CERN, Geneva
  Both the main beam and the drive beam of the CLIC project must be transported from the central production site to the head of the main linacs over more than twenty kilometres. Over such distances chromatic aberrations are substantial. With long distances and large beam currents, detuning and instabilities associated to ion production and multi-bunch resistive wall effects must also be considered. These effects are quantified and simulated. Based on these results, we propose a baseline design for these two lines.  
 
THPC040 Comparative Analysis of Different Kinds of Effects in the Nanoprobe focusing, controls, target, quadrupole 3065
 
  • Yu. V. Tereshonkov, S. N. Andrianov
    St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
  Different kinds of parasitic effects in a nanoprobe are investigated. In this paper we consider the focusing system of nanoprobe, which consists of quadrupole lenses, but some results are also discussed for solenoids as focusing elements. The results of the similar analysis make it possible to design a number of goal-seeking strategies for selecting the optimal beam line structure. The influence of different linear and nonlinear aberrations is investigated using analytical and numerical methods and tools. For this purpose we present the beam line propagator based on a matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. In conclusion, some results of fulfilled modeling are analyzed.  
 
THPC046 Heating Rate of Highly Space-charge-dominated Ion Beams in a Storage Ring emittance, lattice, simulation, storage-ring 3080
 
  • Y. Yuri
    JAEA/ARTC, Takasaki
  • H. Okamoto
    HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
  We investigate the heating process of highly space-charge-dominated ion beams in a storage ring, using the molecular dynamics simulation technique. To evaluate the heating rate over the whole temperature range, we start from an ultra-low-emittance state where the beam is Coulomb crystallized, apply perturbation to it, and follow the emittance evolution. When the ring lattice is properly designed, the heating rate is quite low at ultralow temperature because random Coulomb collisions are suppressed*. It gradually increases after the ordered state is destroyed by perturbation, and comes to a peak when the beam reaches a liquid phase. The dependence of the heating behavior on the beam line density and betatron tune is explored systematically. The effect of lattice imperfection on the stability of crystalline beams is also confirmed.

*J. Wei and A. M. Sessler, EPAC'96, p.1179.

 
 
THPC054 Transportation of Decay Products in the Beta-beam Decay Ring dipole, lattice, beam-transport, quadrupole 3104
 
  • A. Chancé, J. Payet
    CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
  The principle of the neutrino production in the beta-beams relies on the beta-decay of the radioactive ions Neon 18 and Helium 6 in a storage ring. After decaying, the daughter particles have their magnetic rigidity significantly changed (-33% for Helium and +11% for Neon). Therefore, the decay products will be quickly lost on the walls of the decay ring after entering a dipole. Absorbers have been inserted in the decay ring in order to collect most decay products. Their optimization implies to calculate the trajectories of the decay products in the dipoles for very large momentum differences with a good accuracy. For pure dipoles without fringe field as in the decay ring, an analytic treatment can be used to simulate the transportation. It is then possible to obtain the equivalent dipole which gives the beam sizes of the daughter particles. In a first part, we will describe the analytic treatment of the central trajectory and the motion of the ions around. In a second part, we will compare this treatment with the one with matrices for different orders in the case of the beta-beam decay ring.  
 
THPC085 VORPAL Simulations Relevant to Coherent Electron Cooling electron, plasma, simulation, hadron 3185
 
  • G. I. Bell, D. L. Bruhwiler, A. V. Sobol
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
  • I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • Y. S. Derbenev
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  Coherent electron cooling (CEC)* combines the best features of electron cooling and stochastic cooling, via free-electron laser technology**, to offer the possibility of cooling high-energy hadron beams with order-of-magnitude shorter cooling times. Many technical difficulties must be resolved via full-scale 3D simulations, before the CEC concept can be validated experimentally. VORPAL is the ideal code for simulating the “modulator” and “kicker” regions, where the electron and hadron beams will co-propagate as in a conventional electron cooling section. Unlike previous VORPAL simulations*** of electron cooling physics, where dynamical friction on the ions was the key metric, it is the details of the electron density wake driven by each ion in the modulator section that must be understood, followed by strong amplification in the FEL. We present some initial simulation results. In particular, we compare the semi-analytic binary collision model with electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC).

*Ya. S. Derbenev, COOL ’07 Proc. (2007).
**V. N. Litvinenko and Ya. S. Derbenev, FEL ’07 Proc. (2007).
***A. V. Fedotov et al. Phys. Rev. ST/AB 9, 074401 (2006).

 
 
THPC101 Transverse Schottky Noise and Beam Transfer Functions with Space Charge space-charge, emittance, synchrotron, heavy-ion 3212
 
  • S. Paret, O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • T. Weiland
    TEMF, Darmstadt
  The heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 will serve as booster for the synchrotron SIS100 to be built as part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). As such the SIS18 should accelerate ion beams with a factor of 10-100 higher intensity, compared to the present performance. Beams of such intensities may suffer instabilities due to collective effects. Particularly at injection-energy space charge and the resistive wall impedance will affect the beam remarkably. Experiments for the investigation of direct space charge were performed in SIS18. Transverse Schottky signals and beam transfer functions (BTF) of coasting ion beams affected by space charge were measured. A distortion of the Schottky bands and BTF was observed and compared to a simple model allowing for linear space charge. The model reproduced the deformation and yielded parameters of the beam.  
 
THPC104 Optical Diagnostic on Gabor Plasma Lenses electron, plasma, emittance, simulation 3221
 
  • K. Schulte, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  Gabor lenses have been built and successfully been used for the focussing of particle beams. In the case of a positive ion beam the space charge of the confined electron cloud may cause an over compensation of the ion beam space charge force and consequently focus the beam. The nonneutral plasma (NNP) is influenced by the external fields and its current state can be determined by the beam emittance growth. Experiments using a high field Gabor lens have shown a correlation between the thermalization of the enclosed electron cloud and the focussing quality. A three segmented Gabor lens was constructed recently for a more detailed investigation of the plasma parameters as a function of the external fields. The commissioning of the lens has been finished successfully and the light emitted by the interaction between the electron cloud and the residual gas has been observed. In a next step the experiments will concentrate on the spectral analyses of the emitted light to evaluate the temperature and density distribution of the confined NNP. Experimental results will be presented in comparison with numerical simulation.  
 
THPC107 Beam Dynamical Issues of the KEK All-ion Accelerator vacuum, injection, electron, acceleration 3227
 
  • K. Takayama, T. Adachi, E. Nakamura, H. Someya
    KEK, Ibaraki
  R&D works to realize an all-ion accelerator (AIA)* capable of accelerating all species of ions with any possible charge state, based on the induction synchrotron concept, which was demonstrated using the KEK 12 GeV-PS in 2006**, are going on at KEK. The KEK AIA, which is a modification of the existing KEK 500 MeV Booster Ring of a rapid cycle synchrotron, may be an injector-free accelerator. An ion beam from the high-voltage terminal of 200 kV is directly injected into the accelerator ring. Several key issues associated with the low energy injection must be addressed. Space-charge limited current due to a small relativistic b and a short life-time due to scattering with the residual molecules and eddy-current induced magnetic fields associated with guide-fields ramping from a low field level are among them. Careful considerations on them suggest that there are significant constrains on the operational performance and gives achievable beam parameters assuming the present parameters of the KEK AIA.

*K. Takayama, Y. Arakida, T. Iwashita, Y. S himosaki, T. Dixit, K. Torikai, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304 (2007).
**K. Takayama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007).

 
 
THPC132 Bunch by bunch Transverse Feedback Development at ESRF feedback, kicker, damping, storage-ring 3297
 
  • E. Plouviez, P. Arnoux, F. Epaud, J. M. Koch, G. A. Naylor, F. Uberto
    ESRF, Grenoble
  This paper describes the bunch by bunch transverse feedback implemented at ESRF. The first motivation of this project was to be able to cope with the constraint of the future operation of the ESRF with a stored current increased from 200mA to 300mA with a uniform or quasi uniform filling, but we were also interested in possible improvement of the operation with others filling patterns (16 and 4 bunches patterns for instance). Our system uses a classical scheme: The signal coming from a set of button type electrodes is demodulated in a homodyne RF front end and processed in a FPGA DSP to derive a correction signal which is applied to the beam with a wide band stripline kicker. Depending on the filling pattern of the storage ring (uniform filling or filling with a small number of high charge bunches), different kind of transverse instabilities have been observed in the past, due to the resistive wall impedance, ion trapping or mode coupling. We have tested the effect of our system in these different situation and report also the results of these tests.  
 
THPP015 Design of a Versatile Injector for a Low-energy Experimental Platform at KACST ion-source, storage-ring, injection, extraction 3404
 
  • M. O.A. El Ghazaly, A. A. Alzeanidi
    KACST, Riyadh
  • V. Aleksandrov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • A. I. Papash
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • C. P. Welsch
    GSI, Darmstadt
  At the National Centre for Mathematics and Physics (NCMP), at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia, a multi-purpose low-energy experimental platform is presently being developed in collaboration with the University of Heidelberg, Germany. The aim of this project is to enable a multitude of low-energy experiments with most different kinds of ions both in single pass setups, but also with ions stored in a low-energy electrostatic storage ring. In this contribution, the injector of this complex is presented. It was designed to provide beams with energies up to 30 kV/q and will allow for switching between different ion sources from e.g. duoplasmatron to electrospray ion sources and to thus provide the users with a wide range of different beams. We present the overall layout of the injector with a focus on the optical design and the foreseen diagnostic elements.  
 
THPP019 Adjustment of a New Pre-stripping Section the Multicharge Ion Linear Accelerator (MILAC) simulation, focusing, vacuum, acceleration 3410
 
  • O. F. Dyachenko, V. A. Bomko, Ye. V. Ivakhno, A. P. Kobets, V. I. Misjura, V. V. Mytrochenko, A. V. Zabotin, B. V. Zajtsev
    NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
  In the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology the works on commissioning of a new prestripping section (A/q = 4), intend for accelerating a high current beam of light ions from 30 keV/u to 975 keV/u come to the end. Results of final tuning of irregular interdigital accelerating structure with alternating phase focusing and stepped changing the synchronous phase along the focusing period are presented. Process of preliminary adjustment of structure by means of traditional developed earlier methods: the additional current-carrying stems and the end resonant tuning elements (ERTEs) is described. New effective inductance-capacitor tuning devices as rods located on the drift tube side, opposite to their holders («contrivance») are developed and their use in real structure is shown. «Contrivances» have proved as the effective element of tuning locally influencing value of an electric field in the nearest gaps and lowering resonant frequency without noticeable worsening of electrodynamic characteristics of resonant system.  
 
THPP020 Progress in the ALPI -PIAVE Low-beta Section Upgrade linac, heavy-ion, acceleration, controls 3413
 
  • A. Facco, F. Scarpa, D. Zenere
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  The low-b section of the PIAVE-ALPI superconducting linac is being upgraded in order to increase its energy gain from approximately 10 to about 20 MeV/q. This large increase of the accelerating voltage will be obtained by increasing by 20% the number of low-beta bulk niobium quarter-wave resonators and by upgrading the old rf system, underdimensioned in comparison with the resonator performance. This will lead to a significant enhancement of the linac capabilities, including the possibility of acceleration well above the Coulomb barrier heavy ions with any mass number. Status and technical details of the upgrade program will be described.  
 
THPP021 Status of the Unilac-upgrade Programme for the Heavy Element Research at GSI-Ship rfq, ion-source, heavy-ion, extraction 3416
 
  • P. Gerhard, W. Barth, L. A. Dahl, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  For more than 30 years the heavy-element research using the velocity separator SHIP is one of the major experiments at GSIs heavy ion linear accelerator UNILAC. On of the major contributions which led to the discovery of six new elements since 1981 is the perpetual effort to increase the beam intensity. Since the early 1990's the beam current available was raised significantly by a number of improvements concerning the source, the LEBT and the accelerator. The next steps are scheduled for 2009 and include an upgrade of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole-accelerator (RFQ) and a new superconducting 28 GHz-ECR ion source. The new RFQ will allow higher duty factors up to 100% and improve the longitudinal beam quality as well as the beam transmission. The new ion source will provide an increase in beam intensity and simultaneously higher charge states. The new source will be installed in addition to the existing one, therefore a second LEBT-system has to be designed and integrated into the High Charge State Injector. This paper presents the status quo of both the RFQ and the ion source upgrade and will provide technical data.  
 
THPP022 IH Linac with Higher-order Modes linac, acceleration, resonance, heavy-ion 3419
 
  • N. Hayashizaki, T. Hattori
    RLNR, Tokyo
  As one of a drift tube type linac, an Interdigital H-type (IH) linac has been applied for ion acceleration in low beta range. It can realize a resonant cavity of convenient size at low frequency band and higher shunt impedance at low velocity range. These characteristics are advantageous especially for heavy ion acceleration; therefore, this structure has been applied for heavy ion cancer therapy. The RF field is resonated in TE111 mode and the electric field does not have the axial field component. The accelerating field is excited by using the electrode of Interdigital shape. In order to apply this structure to intermediate beta range, we propose a IH linac with the TE11n mode of the higher-order mode (HOM). Although the operating frequency becomes higher by using HOM, it is convenient to accelerate ion beam of intermediate energy. The design of the cavity structure and the possibility are presented.  
 
THPP026 IH Accelerating Structures with PMQ Focusing for Low-energy Light Ions focusing, simulation, quadrupole, impedance 3428
 
  • S. S. Kurennoy, S. Konecni, J. F. O'Hara, L. Rybarcyk
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  We are developing high-efficiency room-temperature RF accelerating structures for beam velocities in the range of a few percent of the speed of light by merging two well-known ideas: inter-digital H-mode (IH) cavities and the transverse beam focusing with permanent-magnet quadrupoles (PMQ). Combining electromagnetic 3-D modeling with beam dynamics simulations and thermal-stress analysis, we have proved that such structures provide a very efficient and practical accelerator for light-ion beams of considerable currents. The IH accelerating structures with PMQ focusing following a short RFQ can be used in the front end of ion linacs or in stand-alone applications such as a compact deuteron-beam accelerator up to the energy of a few MeV.  
 
THPP028 Beam Tests of the PEFP 20 MeV Accelerator rfq, proton, ion-source, dipole 3434
 
  • H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, I.-S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D. I. Kim, H. S. Kim, B.-S. Park, K. T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S. P. Yun
    KAERI, Daejon
  PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) 20 MeV proton accelerator has been installed and tested at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) site. After the radiation license was issued, some parts were modified to increase a beam current above 1mA. Both an ion source and a LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) were modified for better matching of the beam into the 3 MeV RFQ. The field profile of the RFQ was measured to check the dipole field effect. In addition, control mechanisms to improve the RF properties of 20 MeV DTL were newly adopted. In this paper, the modifications of the 20MeV accelerator are summarized and the test results are presented.  
 
THPP029 Status of the RAL Front End Test Stand rfq, ion-source, linac, diagnostics 3437
 
  • A. P. Letchford, M. A. Clarke-Gayther, D. C. Faircloth, D. J.S. Findlay, S. R. Lawrie, P. Romano, P. Wise
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • S. M.H. Al Sari, S. Jolly, A. Kurup, D. A. Lee, P. Savage
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
  • J. Alonso, R. Enparantza
    Fundación Tekniker, Elbr (Guipuzkoa)
  • J. J. Back
    University of Warwick, Coventry
  • F. J. Bermejo
    Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao
  • C. Gabor, D. C. Plostinar
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  • J. Lucas
    Elytt Energy, Madrid
  • J. Pasternak, J. K. Pozimski
    STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  High power proton accelerators (HPPAs) with beam powers in the several megawatt range have many applications including drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino factories, waste transmuters and tritium production facilities. The UK's commitment to the development of the next generation of HPPAs is demonstrated by a test stand being constructed in collaboration between RAL, Imperial College London, the University of Warwick and the Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao. The aim of the RAL Front End Test Stand is to demonstrate that chopped low energy beams of high quality can be produced and is intended to allow generic experiments exploring a variety of operational conditions. This paper describes the current status of the RAL Front End Test Stand.  
 
THPP031 Upgrade of the ISAC DTL Tuning Procedure at TRIUMF linac, simulation, diagnostics, acceleration 3440
 
  • M. Marchetto, J. Berring, R. E. Laxdal
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  The TRIUMF ISAC facility has two variable energy heavy ion linacs as post accelerators for radioactive ion beams. The ISAC I linac is a warm IH-DTL with five accelerating tanks and three bunchers, the ISAC II one uses twenty independently phased superconducting cavities. The first linac operates between 150 keV/u and 1.8 MeV/u; the second boosts the 1.5 MeV/u injected beam by 20 MV. The DTL is tuned based on the energy beam profile given by an analysing magnet. The SC linac is tuned on energy and time profiles with a diagnostic based on a gold foil scattering ions to a silicon detector (SID). The SID requires lower beam intensity. Furthermore the tuning time is reduced and streamlined by means of a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI). This GUI uses a simple cosine model to characterize the energy gain versus RF phase of each cavity. Based on this we have pursued a new tuning procedure for the DTL using a gold foil/SID diagnostic. The more complex RF structures of the DTL require measurements and beam dynamics simulations (with LANA code) to produce a model for a dedicated GUI. In the paper we describe the two existing tuning methods and present new DTL procedure and interface.  
 
THPP034 Design Study of Alternate Injector at Pelletron Accelerator Facility rfq, ion-source, linac, simulation 3443
 
  • N. Mehrotra, P. V. Bhagwat, R. K. Choudhury, A. K. Gupta, S. Kailas, S. Krishnagopal
    BARC, Mumbai
  • R. G. Pillay
    TIFR, Mumbai
  An alternate injector system is contrived under the AIDNP project in the Xth plan to utilize the 150MHz supercond. LINAC to its full capability. This injection system consists of ECR ion source, RFQ Linac and supercond. QWR cavities. This configuration can deliver high current and wider mass range(1/7≤ q/m≤1/2) beam into the S-LINAC with the required velocity acceptance which otherwise is not possible from pelletron. The design study from ion source to exit of RFQ is presented in this paper. Prior to injection to s-linac,the beam needs to be accelerated to an equivalent of 12-14MV/q. Beam from a high frequency(18GHz) ECRsource producing Au30+,U34+ and pre accelerated to 10keV/u will be injected into heavy ion RFQ. The RFQ operating at f/2 i.e.75MHz of the linac frequency, will accept beams with β=0.46% and accelerate upto β=3.5%.These beams would then go through two sets of superconductiong cavities with β=5.0% and β=7.0% respectively. This acceleration is expected to bring all ion beams from carbon to uranium, in the velocity range β=8%-10% which is suitable for linac. After further acceleration in Linac~12 MeV/u light ions and 7 MeV/u uranium beams would be available.  
 
THPP036 The Superconducting Solution for the EURISOL DS Postaccelerator Injector rfq, emittance, bunching, simulation 3446
 
  • P. A. Posocco
    Consorzio RFX, Euratom ENEA Association, Padova
  • G. Bisoffi, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, P. A. Posocco
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
  In the framework of EURISOL design study*, the superconducting solution for the Post-Accelerator injector foresees the use of two RFQs, one Super Conducting and one Normal Conducting, both operating CW at 88 MHz. After the multiple ionization in the ECR breeder on low voltage platform, the rare ions beam (3 ≤ A/q ≤ 7) is bunched at the main frequency by the NC RFQ without both losses and transverse emittance increase and accelerated afterwards through the SC RFQ up to 560 keV/u. A 8.8 MHz pulsed beam can be delivered to experiments placing a 3 harmonic buncher before the NC RFQ with overall beam losses lower than 25%. The beam dynamics results of the study of this solution as well as the main RF design and construction analysis of the main components are presented.

*http://www.eurisol.org

 
 
THPP037 A Decelerator for Heavy Highly Charge Ions at HITRAP emittance, linac, background, heavy-ion 3449
 
  • J. Pfister, B. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  • W. Barth, L. A. Dahl, P. Gerhard, O. K. Kester, W. Quint, T. Stoehlker
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The heavy highly charged ion trap (HITRAP) project at GSI is in the commissioning phase. Highly charged ions up to U92+ provided by the GSI accelerator facility will be decelerated and subsequently injected into a large Penning trap for further cooling almost to rest. A combination of an IH- and an RFQ-structure decelerates the ions from 4 MeV/u down to 6 keV/u. In front of the decelerator a double drift-buncher-system provides for phase focusing and a final de-buncher integrated in the RFQ-tank reduces the energy spread in order to improve the efficiency for beam capture in the cooler trap. This contribution concentrates on the beam dynamics simulations and corresponding measurements in the first commissioning beam times.  
 
THPP038 Phase 1 Commissioning Status of the 40 MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator SARAF rfq, proton, emittance, ion-source 3452
 
  • C. Piel, K. Dunkel, F. Kremer, M. Pekeler, P. vom Stein
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  • D. Berkovits, I. Mardor
    Soreq NRC, Yavne
  Since January 2007 all accelerator equipment of the Phase 1 for the 40MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator is at the SARAF site and installed for the commissioning. The target of Phase 1 is to get the ECR ion source and RFQ into operation and to perform all relevant test with the cryo module housing 6 super conducting half wave resonators, to show that the design values of the system can be reached. Based on those results the Phase 2 shall start, to reach the final energy of 40MeV with up to 2mA of Protons and Deuterons. The ECR source is in routine operation since June 2006, the RFQ already have been operated with Protons and currently is under characterisation. After the characterisation has been finalised it is anticipated to move the cryo module in the beam line and to perform further beam characterisation. The entire beam characterisation is closely followed by beam dynamics simulations. Recent results of the commissioning will be presented and comparisons made between measurements and beam dynamics calculations.  
 
THPP040 Choice of Accelerating System for Undulator Linear Accelerator simulation, undulator, linac, rfq 3455
 
  • E. S. Masunov, N. V. Avreline, V. S. Dyubkov, S. M. Polozov
    MEPhI, Moscow
  • A. L. Sitnikov
    ITEP, Moscow
  The undulator linear accelerators (UNDULAC) were suggested as a new type of high intensity low energy ion linac. Such accelerators can be realized in periodical IH structure. The RF field in UNDULAC has no spatial harmonics in synchronism with the beam*. An accelerating force is to be driven by a combination of two non-synchronous space harmonics. The ratio of first to zero RF field harmonics amplitude must be equal to 0.25-0.4. The effective beam bunching and focusing could be provided in this case. The construction of UNDULAC accelerating channel is discussed to realize such ratio. The first results of IH resonator type choice are also presented.

*E. S. Masunov, Technical Physics, V. 46, 11, 2001, pp. 1433-1436.

 
 
THPP041 Beam Dynamics Simulation of the 1.5 MeV/u Proton/Deuteron Beams Measured at the SARAF RFQ Exit rfq, simulation, proton, linac 3458
 
  • J. Rodnizki, B. Bazak, D. Berkovits, G. Feinberg, A. Shor, Y. Yanay
    Soreq NRC, Yavne
  • K. Dunkel, C. Piel
    ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
  The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) accelerator's front-end is composed of a 20 keV/u protons and deuterons ECR ion source, a 5 mA low energy beam transport and a 1.5 MeV/u, 4 mA, 176 MHz, 4-rod RFQ. In this work, beam dynamics simulations of the SARAF accelerator front-end is compared to the first beam measurements taken during commissioning. Beam transmission, ion energy and bunch width as a function of the RFQ power have been measured in the medium energy beam transport diagnostics and using a dedicated diagnostic plate. The simulations and measurements show similar trends. This agreement allows calibrating the RFQ power to its electrodes voltage, in the low electric field range, where the common x-ray measurement method is not feasible. The benchmark between simulation and measurement shows that the RFQ model in our simulation can well predict the measured values. The simulation is covering the beam tail as well and is used to find the optimal operating voltage by minimizing the low energy tail and hence the beam loss downstream the accelerator.  
 
THPP046 Applicability of Stochastic Cooling in Small Electrostatic Storage Rings pick-up, storage-ring, electron, kicker 3464
 
  • H. Danared
    MSL, Stockholm
  Several small electrostatic storage rings have been built or are being built for experiments in atomic and molecular physics. One example is the DESIREE double electrostatic storage ring* under construction at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory. At the KEK electrostatic storage ring, electron cooling of 20 keV protons has been demostrated**. For heavy molecules, however, including bio-molecules, electron-cooling times are unrealistically long because of the low ion velocity and the correspondingly low electron energy which results in very small electron currents. For this reason, electron cooling is not foreseen for DESIREE. The rates of stochastic cooling, on the other hand, are at first glance unrelated to beam energy. Furthermore, the low particle numbers expected for many heavy molecules seem to make stochastic cooling attractive, theoretical rates being inversely proportional to particle numbers. In this paper, the rates of stochastic cooling for slow heavy particles are investigated with respect to, mainly, the bandwidths and signal strengths that can be expected at the low particle velocieties that are of interest at, e.g., DESIREE, and some numerical examples are presented.

* P. Löfgren et al., these proceedings
** E. Syresin, K. Noda and T. Tanabe, Proc. EPAC 2004, p. 162

 
 
THPP048 Experimental Demonstration of Longitudinal Ion Beam Accumulation with Electron Cooling injection, electron, kicker, bunching 3470
 
  • C. Dimopoulou, B. Franzke, T. Katayama, F. Nolden, G. Schreiber, M. Steck
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • D. Möhl
    CERN, Geneva
  Recently, two longitudinal beam compression schemes have been successfully tested in the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI with a beam of bare Ar ions at 65 MeV/u injected from the ion synchrotron SIS18. The first employs Barrier Bucket pulses, the second makes use of multiple injections around the unstable fixed point of a sinusoidal RF bucket at h=1. In both cases continuous electron cooling maintains the stack and merges it with the freshly injected bunch *. Using the beam diagnostic devices in the ring both stacking processes were demonstrated under the same conditions. The dependence of the accumulation performance on the available rf potential, the electron cooling strength as well as on the synchronization conditions between injection kicker pulse and rf wave was investigated. These experimental results provide the proof of principle for the planned fast stacking of Rare Isotope Beams aiming at high luminosities in the New Experimental Storage Ring ** of the FAIR project ***.

* C. Dimopoulou et al., JACoW Proceedings of COOL07, Bad Kreuznach,2007.
** C. Dimopoulou et al., PRST-AB 10 (2007) 020101.
*** FAIR Baseline Technical Report,www.gsi.de/fair/.

 
 
THPP050 Recent Status of Laser Cooling for Mg Realized at S-LSR laser, coupling, synchrotron, electron 3476
 
  • A. Noda, M. Ikegami, T. Ishikawa, M. Nakao, T. Shirai, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu, A. Wakita
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  At an ion storage and cooler ring, S-LSR, a laser cooling has been applied to the 40 keV 24Mg+ ion beam guiding a laser with the wave length of 280nm parallel to the ion beam together with the deceleration by an induction voltage. Up to now, the longitudinal temperature has been cooled down to 3.6 Kelvin for the ion number of 3x104 although the transverse one still remains around 500 Kelvin. The longitudinal temperature is limited by the heat transfer from the transverse degree of freedom through intra-beam scattering, which becomes stronger according to increase of ion number. It is found that the equilibrium longitudinal temperature is linearly coupled with the transverse one* for our experimental condition up to now. In the present paper, recent experimental data will be presented together with the procedure of beam diagnosis with the use of optical methods using a spontaneous emission of the Mg ions. Possible approach to realize the resonant coupling through synchro-betatron coupling** is also to be presented.

* M. Tanabe et al., To be published in Applied Physics Express (APEX).
** Okamoto, A. M. Sessler, D Möhl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994)3977.

 
 
THPP052 Electron Cooling Force Calculations for HESR electron, plasma, antiproton, beam-transport 3482
 
  • K. Rathsman, B. Gålnander, D. Reistad
    TSL, Uppsala
  • H. Danared
    MSL, Stockholm
  The High energy storage ring HESR at FAIR is being realized by a consortium consisting of Forschungszentrum Jülich, GSI Darmstadt and Uppsala University. An important feature of this new facility is the combination of phase-space cooled beams and dense internal targets. Charmonium spectroscopy, which is one of the main items in the experimental program, requires antiproton momentum up to 8.9 GeV/c with a resolution of dp/p=0.00001. This can only be achived with electron cooling. The electron cooler proposed for HESR allows beam cooling between 1.5 GeV/c and 8.9 GeV/c. Along the 24 m interaction section beween electrons and antiprotons, the electrons are guided by a solenoid field of 0.2 T with a field straightness of 0.00001 radians rms. To predict the final momentum resolution of the antiproton beam in HESR, electron cooling force calculations, simulations of electron cooling and comparison to experimental data are needed. This paper focuses on the force calculations. The method is based on the theory by Derbenev and Skrinsky, (i.e. the Vlasov techique) and the electron cooling force is numerically calulated using adaptive Monte Carlo integration methods.  
 
THPP053 One-dimensional Ordering of Protons by the Electron Cooling proton, electron, heavy-ion, emittance 3485
 
  • T. Shirai, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu
    Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
  • M. Grieser
    MPI-K, Heidelberg
  • I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • K. Noda
    NIRS, Chiba-shi
  One of the main subjects of the compact cooler ring, S-LSR at Kyoto University is the physics of the ultra cold ion beam, such as the ordered beam and the crystalline beam, using the electron and laser cooling. The one-dimensional ordering of protons has been studied at S-LSR, while the ordering the highly charged heavy ions has been found at ESR and CRYRING. Abrupt jumps in the momentum spread and the Schottky noise power have been observed for protons at a particle number of around 2000. The beam temperature was 0.17 meV and 1 meV in the longitudinal and transverse directions at the transition, respectively. The normalized transition temperature of protons is close to those of heavy ions at ESR. The lowest longitudinal beam temperature below the transition was 0.3 K. It is close to the longitudinal electron temperature. The dependence of the ordering conditions on the betatron tune and the transverse beam temperature have been also studied. These results will be presented in the presentation.  
 
THPP056 Simulations of Incoherent Vertical Ion Losses and Cooling Stacking Injection emittance, injection, proton, electron 3494
 
  • E. Syresin
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The cooling stacking injection at a synchrotron is applied to obtain a high intensity of the stored coasting ion beam. The efficiency of cooling-stacking injection is defined mainly by two parameters: the cooling-accumulation efficiency and the ion life time. The life time of new injected ions usually is essentially smaller than the stack life time for high intensive ion beams. The incoherent loses of new injected ions are related to a multi scattering on residual gas atoms and a vertical heating caused by ion stack noise. The short life time of new injected ions restricts the efficiency of the cooling stacking injection The life time of new injected C6+ ions is shorter by 2 times than stack life time at HIMAC cooling stacking injection. The life time of new injected protons in S-LSR is smaller by 2-3 orders of magnitudes than the stack life time. The analytical estimations and BETACOL simulations of vertical incoherent ion losses and cooling stacking injection are presented.  
 
THPP057 Electron Cooling Experiments at LEIR electron, injection, controls, gun 3497
 
  • G. Tranquille
    CERN, Geneva
  The LEIR electron cooler is the first of a new generation of coolers utilising high-perveance variable-density electron beams for the cooling and accumulation of heavy ion beams. It was commissioned at the end of 2005 and has since been routinely used to provide high brightness Pb ion beams required for future LHC ion runs. High perveance, or intensity, is required to rapidly reduce the phase-space dimensions of a newly injected “hot” beam whilst the variable density helps to efficiently cool particles with large betatron oscillations and at the same time improve the lifetime of the cooled stack. In this report we present the results of recent measurements made to check and to better understand the influence of the electron beam size, intensity and density profile on the cooling performance.  
 
THPP063 Possible Particle Distributions at the Entrance of the Cyclotron Spiral Inflector emittance, cyclotron, simulation, extraction 3506
 
  • N. Yu. Kazarinov, I. A. Ivanenko
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  The transverse particle distribution of the ion beam produced in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is considered. It is shown that the beam emittance at the entrance of the cyclotron spiral inflector is strongly dependent on directions of both the ECRIS and cyclotron magnetic fields. The changing of the beam rms emittance and bunch lengthening in the spiral inflector for every considered distribution are obtained in the computer simulation.  
 
THPP065 3D Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC350 Cyclotron cyclotron, simulation, injection, focusing 3509
 
  • N. Yu. Kazarinov, V. Aleksandrov, V. Shevtsov, A. Tuzikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  DC-350 is the novel cyclotron designed in Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. It is intended for the nuclear and applied physics experiments. The axial injection channel of the DC-350 cyclotron gives possibility for transportation of the high intensity ion beam from Li to Bi obtained in the superconducting ECR-ion source (SECR). The beam focusing in the beam line after the analyzing bending magnet is provided by solenoidal lenses. The linear and sinusoidal bunchers installed in the vertical part of the channel are used for increasing of the accelerating efficiency. The 3D simulation results of the focusing and bunching systems of the axial injection beam line are presented.  
 
THPP069 Status of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotron at RIKEN RI Beam Factory cyclotron, acceleration, extraction, heavy-ion 3518
 
  • K. Yamada, M. K. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, K. Ikegami, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, J. Ohnishi, N. S. Sakamoto, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi
    RIKEN, Wako, Saitama
  • H. Okuno
    RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama
  A superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC) was successfully commissioned to work as the final energy booster of the RI beam factory (RIBF) in RIKEN. SRC is the world's first ring cyclotron that uses superconducting magnets, and has the strongest beam bending force among the cyclotrons. It can boost the ion beam energy up to 440 MeV/nucleon for light ions and 350 MeV/nucleon for very heavy ions such as uranium nuclei to produce intense radioactive beams. The ring cyclotron consists of 6 major superconducting sector magnets with a maximum field of 3.8T. The total stored energy is 240MJ, and its overall sizes are 19 m diameter, 8 m height and 8,100 tons. The magnet system assembly was completed in August 2005, and successfully reached the maximum field in November 2005. After magnetic field measurements for two months, the other hardware than the superconducting magnets was installed. The first beam was extracted from SRC on 12/28/2006. From May 2007 we started to supply uranium beams to nuclear scientist to produce RI beams. This talk will describe the milestones that were achieved during the commissioning as well as some of the issues that still need to be resolved.  
 
THPP072 Extinction Monitor by Using a Dissociation of Hydrogen Molecule to Atoms with High Energy Proton Beam proton, electron, ion-source, monitoring 3527
 
  • I. Itahashi, M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Kuno, A. Sato, M. Y. Yoshida
    Osaka University, Osaka
  In a recent high current accelerator technology there are so many reasons for resulting in unwanted or hallow beam to be coped with, such as resonance crossing, space charge induced emittance growth and so on. For an extinction for bunched beam of less than 10-7 order we need a particular scheme to diminish unwanted and hallow beam generated at not only spatial plane but also at longitudinal plane. In particular, the beam extinction between beam bunch is crucial for delayed coincidence measurements of intensity frontier and high sensitivity experiment such as muon to electron conversion and muon to electron gamma. The new detection method for the extinction is proposed by using a collision dissociation between a high energy proton with more than GeV energy and molecular ions. One path collision of high energy beam for molecular ion beam to be separated into atoms as well as its collision between stored molecular ions and high energy particles could be exploited for the monitor.  
 
THPP082 Residual Activity Induced by High-energy Heavy Ions in Stainless Steel and Copper target, beam-losses, proton, simulation 3551
 
  • I. Strasik, I. Hofmann, E. Kozlova, E. Mustafin
    GSI, Darmstadt
  • L. N. Latysheva, N. Sobolevskiy
    RAS/INR, Moscow
  • M. Pavlovic
    STU, Bratislava
  • A. Smolyakov
    ITEP, Moscow
  The activation of accelerator structures due to beam loss is already intensity limiting problem for existing (SNS or RHIC) and planned (LHC or FAIR) hadron facilities. While beam-losses of 1 W/m are recognized as a tolerable beam-loss level for proton machines, the beam-loss tolerances for high-power heavy-ion accelerators have not yet been quantified. In this work the residual activity was calculated by Monte-Carlo particle transport codes and compared with experimental data. Simulations were performed for projectiles from proton to uranium. Experiments were performed with uranium ions at 120, 500 and 950 MeV/u irradiating copper and stainless steel targets. It was found that the isotope inventory contributing over 90% to the total activity does not depend on the projectile species, it depends only on the target material and projectile energy. This allowed establishing a scaling law for induced activity as a function of ion mass. The activity per nucleon induced by ion scales down with increasing ion mass. For example, 1 GeV/u uranium ion induces 5-times less activity per nucleon compared to 1 GeV proton. The beam-loss criteria for different projectile species are presented.  
 
THPP094 The Development of a Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers proton, rfq, linac, factory 3584
 
  • M. A. Clarke-Gayther
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
  The Front End Test Stand (FETS) project at RAL will test a fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high-power proton drivers for next generation pulsed spallation sources and neutrino factories. The RAL ‘Fast-Slow’ chopping scheme for the 2.5 MeV, 280 MHz, ESS Medium Energy Drift Space (MEBT)* is evolving to address the requirements of the 3.0 MeV, 324 MHz, FETS project. The recent adoption of a more efficient optical design for the FETS MEBT** will result in a useful increase in beam aperture and permit an important reduction in the amplitude of the chopper E-fields. A description is given of a 'state of the art' high voltage pulse generator designed to address the FETS 'Slow' chopper requirement. Measurements of output waveform and timing stability are presented.

*M. Clarke-Gayther, "A Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers," EPAC04.
**M. Clarke-Gayther et al. "A fast beam chopper for the RAL Front-End Test Stand," EPAC06.

 
 
THPP098 Simulations on a Beam Transport System for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment rfq, simulation, ion-source, resonance 3593
 
  • P. Kolb, N. Mueller, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  The goal of the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is to multiply beam currents by mergeing two low energy ion beams. Our setup consists of two ion sources, a two beam RFQ accelerator, a multigap deflector and a beam diagnostics. Current work is the design of a new beam transport between RFQ accelerator and deflector and first simulations will be presented.  
 
THPP100 Development of New Ion Sources for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment ion-source, emittance, rfq, simulation 3596
 
  • N. Mueller, U. Bartz, P. Kolb, A. Schempp
    IAP, Frankfurt am Main
  Funneling is a method to increase beam currents in several stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a prototype of such a stage. The experimental setup consists of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ and the last parts of the RFQ electrodes achieve a 3d focus at the crossing point of the two beam axis. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. The newly optimized ion sources are adapted to the front end bunching section. First results and measurements will be presented.  
 
THPP101 Investigation of Lifetime of the Electronics and the Fiber Optics inside the Niche and the Tunnel in the Slow Extraction Area of SIS100 extraction, simulation, antiproton, optics 3599
 
  • A. B. Plotnikov, E. Mustafin, N. Pyka, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The loss of ions in the slow extraction area of the SIS100 accelerator project at FAIR can be dangerous for the electronic equipment and fiber optics situated inside the tunnel and niches around. During the slow extraction lost ions irradiate the yoke of the quadrupole magnets and collimator and produce a neutrons flux, which can damage or make single event upset at the electronic devices. Also fiber optic cores fade under the action of irradiation. In the current work the investigation of the dose distribution and neutron fluxes, as well as the calculation of the lifetime of the electronics and fiber optics in different places of the tunnel have been done. By using these results the design of the niches and shielding is planned.  
 
THPP102 Radiation Damage Studies for the Slow Extraction from SIS100 quadrupole, extraction, septum, beam-losses 3602
 
  • A. Smolyakov
    ITEP, Moscow
  • E. Mustafin, N. Pyka, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  During the slow extraction from SIS100 synchrotron 5% of the beam will hit the wires of the electrostatic septum and will be lost. These losses produce very high radiation damage to the superconducting quadrupole doublet situated downstream of the extraction point. These beam losses were simulated with the help of Fluka code for U28+ and Ne5+ beams. Non-zero cross-section and non-zero angular divergence were assumed for the lost beam, allowing distributed modeling of the slow extraction losses. The radiation damage to different layers of the superconducting quadrupole cables was calculated. The lifetime of the s.c. cables of the quadrupoles was found to be too short. Thus, alternative quadrupole designs with higher radiation tolerances were investigated: with stainless steel shielding of the s.c. cables and with a gap in the mid-plane between the s.c. cables.  
 
THPP104 The High Energy Beam Transport System for FAIR beam-transport, extraction, diagnostics, dipole 3608
 
  • S. Ratschow, F. Hagenbuck, P. J. Spiller
    GSI, Darmstadt
  The High Energy Beam Transport System of FAIR, with a total length of more than 2350 m, forms a complex system connecting seven accelerator- and storage-rings, the experimental caves, beam dumps, stripping stations, the antiproton target and the Super-FRS. The variety of beams to be transported is considerable, ranging from slow extracted beams with long spills of up to 100 s to short intense bunches with lengths of a few nanoseconds and a momentum spread of up to ±1%. The range of beam intensity covers more than six orders of magnitude. The SIS100/300 rings are located 13.5 m under ground while the rest of the facility is essentially on ground level necessitating a 3-dimensional layout of the beam line system. Most of the beam transport system consists of normal conducting magnets. However, the SIS300 beam line system has to be built with superconducting magnets. Due to the large variety of beam parameters, a careful planning of the beam diagnostics system is important. The paper summarizes the design fundamentals and the current status of the system design.  
 
THPP107 Lifetime Comparisons of Single and Double Layered HBC-Foils using 3.2MeV Ne+ Ion Beam vacuum, target, radiation, cathode 3617
 
  • I. Sugai, Y. Irie, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • T. Hattori, K. K. Kawasaki
    RLNR, Tokyo
  The Japan-Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) requires thick carbon stripper foils of 300-500 μg/cm2 thick to strip electrons from the H-beam supplied by the linac before injection into the RCS. The energy depositions upon foil by the intense circulating proton bunched beam as well as H-beam result in the foil temperature of ~1800K. Thus, conventional carbon stripper foils will rupture in a very short time and even a high quality diamond foil will be broken at around 1800 K. Therfore, thick carbon stripper foils with high durability even at 1800K are indispensable for such accelerators. We have developed HBC (Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon)-foil. We have measured the lifetime of a double and single-layered HBC-foils, diamond (DM) foils and commercially available carbon (CM) foils for comparisons using 3.2 MeV Ne+ ion beam, in which a significant amount of energy loss is deposited in the foils. The lifetime of the double-layered HBC- foil (180 μg/cm2 x 2) was found to be long 18 and 446 times longer than those of DM-foil (360μg/cm2 x 1) and double-layered CM foils ( 207μg/cm2 x 2), respectively.  
 
THPP108 Temperature Measurements of Carbon Stripper Foil by Pulsed 650keV H- Ion Beam target, ion-source, synchrotron, linac 3620
 
  • A. Takagi, Y. Irie, I. Sugai, Y. Takeda
    KEK, Ibaraki
  Thick carbon foils (>300 mg/cm2) has been used for stripping of H- ion beam at the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (3GeV-RCS) of the J-PARC. The carbon stripper foils with long lifetime against high temperature >1800 °K are strongly required. We have recently developed a new irradiation system for lifetime measurement using the KEK 650keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator with high current pulsed and dc H- beams, which can simulate the high-energy deposition upon foils in the RCS. The experimental results from the measured temperature of carbon stripper foil by the pulsed 650keV H- ion beam (-6mApeak, 0.3ms, 25Hz) and the observed time structure in the beam spot by a photo-transistor are described.  
 
THPP115 The Proposed ISAC-III Upgrade at TRIUMF target, rfq, proton, electron 3635
 
  • R. E. Laxdal, F. Ames, R. A. Baartman, P. G. Bricault, S. R. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, M. Trinczek, F. Yan
    TRIUMF, Vancouver
  Presently, the ISAC facility produces radioactive ions by a single driver beam of up to 100microA of 500MeV protons (50kW) impinging on either of two production targets which are configured such that only one radioactive ion beam (RIB) is available for use at any one time; and the experimental hours are shared between several facilities in the low energy and two accelerated beam experimental areas. The ISAC-III upgrade is proposed to increase the number of RIBs simultaneously available to three. The upgrade involves the addition of a high power electron linac, 50MeV/10mA, that would irradiate one of two new independent targets and produce RIBs through photo-fission. A second beamline from the existing cyclotron would deliver an additional 500MeV 200microA proton beam to the new target area to irradiate the second target producing the third simultaneous beam. The proposal includes an additional post-accelerator front-end to augment the existing infrastructure to provide the capability of accelerating two of the RIBs simultaneously. The paper summarizes the upgrade and discusses design choices to optimize nuclide availability across the three experimental areas.  
 
THPP137 Development of Vacuum Components for XFEL/SPring-8 vacuum, undulator, target, cathode 3682
 
  • T. Bizen
    RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
  Several new vacuum components have been developed for the XFEL/SPring-8 project. Vacuum waveguide flanges for C-band and S-band were successfully developed. These flanges provide both RF seal and vacuum seal. This seal mechanism can make vacuum seal even with a scratched gasket. A solid-lubricated clean bolt was developed for C-band and S-band flanges to avoid organic dust pollution that induce multipactor. New vacuum flange for accelerator beam line can use three types of gasket. A small RF contact for 28 mm inside diameter bellows was developed. This unfixed RF contact can move freely in all directions and displaced large.  
 
THPP138 Achievement and Evaluation of the Beam Vacuum Performance of the LHC Long Straight Sections vacuum, instrumentation, insertion, proton 3685
 
  • G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, S. Blanchard, J. Hansen, J. M. Jimenez, K. Weiss
    CERN, Geneva
  The bake-out and activation of the 6 km Long Straight Sections (LSS) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in its final step. After bake-out and activation of the NEG coating, the average ultimate pressure, over more than one hundred vacuum sectors, is below 10-11 mbar. Therefore, the nominal requirement for the four experimental insertions is guaranteed. The nominal performances are also ensured for all the other insertions where collimators, RF cavities and beam dumping systems are present. The main difficulties encountered during the bake-out and activation of NEG coated chambers of the LSS vacuum sectors will be presented and discussed. In particular, the acceptance test and the limiting factors of the reached ultimate pressures will be addressed. Furthermore, the influence on the ultimate pressures of the beam vacuum elements (collimators, beam instrumentation, etc.) will be discussed. Finally, preliminary results obtained from a laboratory NEG pilot sector dedicated to the quality control of the LHC beam vacuum and to the evaluation of the NEG performance will be presented.  
 
THPP143 Vacuum Design of the TPS Relates to the Beam Effects vacuum, impedance, electron, photon 3699
 
  • G.-Y. Hsiung, C. K. Chan, C.-C. Chang, H. P. Hsueh, Z.-D. Tsai
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
  • J.-R. Chen
    NTHU, Hsinchu
  The concept of the vacuum design for the 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) considers several points of view which relates to the beam effects. The vacuum design of the low outgassing rate and the effective pumping configurations to obtain the lowest average pressure in the electron storage ring is to obtain the longer beam life time and the least of the ion trapping effect and the consequent problem of beam ion instability. The inner structure of the beam ducts provides the lower impedance which reduces the problems of the collective beam instability and the heating dissipation and damage to the vacuum components. The thin wall of the beam ducts and the bellows are designed for the sextupoles that offers the function of fast feedback orbit correction of the beam. The final performance of the third generation light source with low emittance will rely on the original design of vacuum systems for the electron beam. The design philosophy of the vacuum systems for the TPS will be described.  
 
THPP146 High-voltage Power Supply Distribution System vacuum, controls, storage-ring, monitoring 3708
 
  • M. Kobal, D. Golob, M. Plesko, A. Podborsek
    Cosylab, Ljubljana
  • T. Kusterle, M. Pelko
    JSI, Ljubljana
  High-voltage splitters enable connecting a larger number of ion-pumps to a single ion-pump controller. In particle accelerator facilities where relatively small pumps are used, using high-voltage splitters can significantly reduce costs and rack space. By using simple high-voltage splitters some functionality of the conrollers can be lost. The presented high-volage splitter is one of the most advanced devices on the market. It measures current going to every pump in the range 100 pA to 100 mA with an accuracy of 5%. Fully configurable tables are used to convert the measured current to the pressure at the pump. Current measurements are also used to monitor cable and ion-pump aging which results in linear increase of current with time. Hardware interlocks are used to disconnect individual pumps in case of poor vacuum to avoid pump damage. The limits can be set by the user, who can also set the number of active pumps. EPICS support was developed for the device with graphical user interfaces writen in EDM, java and WebCA. Since the presented device covers or exceeds a lot of the ion-pump controller functionality, simpler controlers can be used.  
 
THPP148 Implementation of the SSRF Vacuum Control System controls, vacuum, power-supply, booster 3714
 
  • H. F. Miao, W. Li, Y. J. Liu, L. R. Shen
    SINAP, Shanghai
  The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a third generation light source consisting of a 150MeV linac, a full energy booster and a 3.5GeV storage ring. The vacuum control system is a standard hierarchical control system based on EPICS. Serial device servers are used to connect most of vacuum devices such as gauge controllers, pump power supplies to the control network directly and integrated with EPICS using soft IOC. Ethernet based PLC systems are adopted for the valves control, temperature monitor, etc. The soft IOCs are running on the rack servers and the VLAN is used for separate to the other systems. An enhanced distributed archive engine stores runtime data to centre database that using native XML data type with XML schema for data storage. It is a high performance system and running well for daily operation now.  
 
THPP150 LANSCE Vacuum System Refurbishment Plan and Vacuum Alert System Improvements for Predictive Maintenance vacuum, linac, power-supply, monitoring 3717
 
  • T. Tajima, M. J. Borden, A. Canabal, J. P. Chamberlin, S. Harrison, F. R. Olivas, M. A. Oothoudt
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator, an 800-MeV H+/H- LINAC with a storage ring, has been operated over 30 years since early 1970s. A refurbishment project named LANSCE-R was approved and started in 2007. This paper describes our plan for vacuum system refurbishment as well as an update on the ongoing vacuum email alert system improvement project, which will eventually notify workers of the need for predictive maintenance of particular devices like ion pumps.  
 
FRXAGM01 RHIC and its Upgrade Programs luminosity, polarization, electron, proton 3723
 
  • T. Roser
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  As the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent superconducting rings RHIC has operated with a wide range of beam energies and particle species. After a brief review of the achieved performance the presentation will give an overview of the plans, challenges and status of machine upgrades, that range from a new heavy ion pre-injector and beam cooling at 100 GeV to a high luminosity electron-ion collider.  
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