EPAC08 - List of Keywords (target)

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target

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZAM01	Review of Accelerators for Radioactive Beams	cyclotron, linac, ion, proton	41
	Y. Blumenfeld IPN, Orsay
	The technical difficulties that have set up hurdles for the realisation of radioactive ion beam facilities have not discouraged the design of new high-performance accelerator systems. The talk should describe the state of accelerators for radioactive ion beams around the world.
	Slides

MOPC084	A Laser-driven Acceleration Method	ion, plasma, laser, acceleration	253
	L. Torrisi, S. Gammino, D. Margarone INFN/LNS, Catania A. Borrielli, F. Caridi INFN & Messina University, S. Agata, Messina
	A laser ion source (LIS) has been obtained with a repetitive pulsed laser at power density of the order of 10¹⁰ W/cm² or higher, with pulse duration of the order of ns and repetition rate of the order of tens Hz. Any solid target can be ablated producing plasma with equivalent temperatures higher than 100 eV, densities higher than 10¹⁷/cm³ and charge states higher than 10⁺. Extracted current densities can be higher than 10 mA/cm². The study of the electric fields generated inside the non equilibrium plasmas is a by-product of the research in ion generation. Ions are emitted from the plasma in the direction of the electric field with energies of the order of 50 eV/nucleon or higher, depending on the laser intensity. Emitted ions have a Boltzmann ion energy distribution depending on the ion charge state. Previous papers show that the electric field is as high as 10 MV/cm in our case. Magnetic trapping of electrons has been used to increase the ion acceleration, focusing and current. This new ion acceleration method based on LIS seems to be very interesting because it may permit to build accelerators with small dimensions and relatively low cost.

MOPC085	High Power Neutron Converter for Low Energy Proton/Deuteron Beams: Liquid Metal Driving System	radiation, proton, vacuum, controls	256
	M. F. Blinov, V. A. Golikov, V. Gubin, M. A. Kholopov, P. V. Logachev, V. S. Popov, S. V. Shiyankov, I. E. Zhul BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Nowadays in BINP, Russia, the high-power high-temperature rotated graphite-made neutron converter is proposed in order to use neutron source for SPES (INFN-LNL, Italy) and SPIRAL-II (GANIL, France). The target is designed to produce up to 10¹⁴ neutron per second within the energy range of several MeV under irradiation by proton/deuteron beam of power up to 200 kW. One of main problem on the converter development is to provide the reliable and effective driving gear and cooling systems. The main elements of the system must be liquid metal pumps and motors, cooling channels and heat exchanger. This paper describes proposed scheme, its basic technical parameters, estimations of the system whole as well as of separate elements. The lead-tin alloy is used as the transmission agent. At present the prototype of liquid metal motor/pump is successfully manufactured and operates for more than 16000 h in continuous regime.

MOPC087	The MERIT (nTOF-11) High Intensity Liquid Mercury Target Experiment at the CERN PS	proton, simulation, factory, collider	262
	I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, A. Grudiev, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm, H. Pernegger, R. R. Steerenberg CERN, Geneva J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon O. Caretta, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee H. G. Kirk, H. Park, T. Tsang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The MERIT (nTOF-11) experiment is a proof-of-principle test of a target system for high power proton beams to be used as a front-end for a neutrino factory complex or a muon collider. The experiment took data in autumn 2007 using the fast extracted beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) with a maximum intensity of about 30TP per pulse. The target system, based on a free mercury jet, is capable of intercepting a 4-MW proton beam inside a 15-T magnetic field Such a field is required to capture the low-energy secondary pions which will provide the source of the required intense muon beams. Particle detectors have been installed around the target setup in order to measure the secondary particle flux out of the target and probe cavitation effects in the mercury jet when hit with variable intensity beams. The data analysis is ongoing: the results presented at this conference will demonstrate the validity of the liquid mercury target concept. For the MERIT collaboration.

MOPC088	High Power Neutron Converter for Low Energy Proton/Deuteron Beams: Test Facility	controls, electron, gun, vacuum	265
	V. Gubin, A. V. Antoshin, M. S. Avilov, M. F. Blinov, D. Bolkhovityanov, V. A. Golikov, M. A. Kholopov, N. N. Lebedev, P. V. Logachev, V. S. Popov, S. V. Shiyankov, A. S. Tsyganov, I. E. Zhul BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	This paper presents conceptual design of test facility, that is now under creation in the framework of development of high power neutron targets for SPES (INFN-LNL, Italy) and SPIRAL-II (GANIL, France). General destination of facility is to test different target systems and elements (hot converter unit, liquid metal driving gear and cooling systems) as well as experimental checking of supply, protection and control methods etc. Also, this facility must be used as a base for input quality control of targets as a whole in future. The structure, general features and experimental possibilities of facility are described.

MOPC089	About Carbides-made Nanoceramics Fission Target for RIB Production	electron, extraction, ion, ion-source	268
	V. Gubin, M. Golkovsky BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk O. Alyakrinsky INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova S. P. Bardakhanov SB RAS Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Novosibirsk
	Intensities of RIBs can be increased with improvement of release efficiency of fission targets. One of factor, which limits release efficiency of targets, is efficiency of release of isotopes from target material. This paper presents investigation of dependence of release efficiency from ceramics target on its grain size and inter-grains pores, as well shows some efficiency limits and ways to improve it. Simulations were performed for uniform target material made from powder of uranium carbide. Inter-grain spaces are taken relative to grain sizes, as another parameter to optimize is high density of target material. Results show that optimal grain size is in the range of hundreds - thousands nanometers, while recent target materials utilize one order more sizes of grains. In addition, key points of production of such ceramics are discussed. The beam technologies allow producing the nanopowders from carbides of different metals with controlled grain size. Exact methods also give to us possibilities to obtain ceramics with optimal ratio between grain and pores sizes. Possible problems and preliminary program of experiments and tests are discussed.

MOPC090	Driver Beam-led EURISOL Target Design Constraints	proton, ion, ion-source, simulation	271
	E. Noah, R. Catherall, Y. Kadi, C. Kharoua, J. Lettry, T. Stora CERN, Geneva
	The EURISOL (European Isotope Separation Online) Design Study is addressing new high power target design challenges. A three-step method* was proposed to split the high power linac proton driver beam into one H^- branch for the 4 MW mercury target that produces radioactive ion beams (RIB) via spallation neutron-induced fission in a secondary actinide target and three 100 kW H⁺ branches for the direct targets producing RIBs via fragmentation and spallation reactions. This scheme minimises transient thermo-mechanical stresses on targets and preserves the cw nature of the driver beam in the four branches. The heat load for oxides, carbides, refractory metal foils and liquid metals is driven by the incident proton driver beam while for actinides, exothermic fission reactions are an additional contribution. This paper discusses the constraints that are specific to each class of material and the target design strategies. An emphasis is placed on the modern engineering numerical tools and experimental methods used to validate the target designs. *A. Facco, R. Paparella, D. Berkovits, Isao Yamane, "Splitting of high power, cw proton beams", Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (2007).

MOPC093	Experimental Study of Radiation Damage in Carbon Composites and Graphite Considered as Targets in the Neutrino Super Beam	proton, radiation, isotope-production, linac	280
	N. Simos, H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey
	Carbon composites have been of primary interest as materials of choice for a multi-MW neutrino superbeam which desires low-Z pion production target. Beam on target experiments conducted at BNL made the case stronger in their favor, as compared to graphite, by demonstrating their excellent shock resistance which is directly linked with their extremely low thermal expansion. Since target survivability also depends on resistance to prolonged radiation, a series of irradiation damage studies on carbon composites and graphite were launched. While carbon composites at moderate doses exhibited interesting behavior of damage reversal through thermal annealing, at higher dose levels of peak proton fluences >5x10²⁰ protons/cm² they exhibited serious structural degradation. The experimental study also showed that graphite suffered similar damage when subjected to same fluence level. The paper discusses the findings of the experimental studies focusing on these materials and attempts to explain their structural degradation observed under high proton fluences given the excellent survivability record, especially of graphite, under high neutron fluences in nuclear reactor settings. Work performed under the auspices of the US DOE.

MOPC094	Irradiation Effects on the Physio-mechanical Properties of Super-alloys Characterized by Low Thermal Expansion	proton, photon, radiation, electron	283
	N. Simos, H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In an effort to address the limitations on high power accelerator target performance prompted by the elevated dose levels and the associated irradiation damage, an experimental study has been undertaken to evaluate the potential applicability of super alloys characterized by low thermal expansion over certain thermal regimes. The intriguing properties associated with materials such as super-Invar and the “gum” metal (Ti-12Ta-9Nb-3V-6Zr-O) are observed in their un-irradiated state. Irradiations were performed using the 200 MeV protons of the BNL Linac and/or a neutron flux generated by the stopping of the primary 112 MeV protons upstream of the exposed super-alloys. The paper presents the post-irradiation analysis results which reveal interesting damage reversal by the super-invar and unexpected low threshold of radiation resistance by the “gum” metal. Work performed under the auspices of the US DOE.

MOPC101	Design Considerations of Fast-cycling Synchrotrons Based on Superconducting Transmission Line Magnets	proton, power-supply, synchrotron, cryogenics	301
	H. Piekarz, S. Hays, Y. Huang, V. D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Fast cycling synchrotrons have become necessary components of contemporary accelerator systems for advanced nuclear and high-energy physics programs. We explore a possibility of using super-ferric dipole magnets of up to 2 Tesla B-field powered by a superconducting transmission line conductor. We present both the LTS and the HTS conductor design options for these magnets and their impact on both static and dynamic power losses with operation cycles from o.5 Hz to 5 Hz, depending on the beam energy and the size of the accelerator ring. We also discuss expected B-field quality and the corrector magnets options. We outline magnet string inter-connections and creation of space for the corrector magnets and discuss option for a superconducting dump switch of the quench protection system.

MOPC110	Commissioning of the Heidelberg Cryogenic Trap for Fast Ion Beams (CTF)	vacuum, cryogenics, ion, radiation	319
	M. Lange, K. Blaum, M. Froese, M. Grieser, D. Kaiser, S. Menk, D. Orlov, A. Shornikov, T. Sieber, J. Varju, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn MPI-K, Heidelberg O. Heber, M. Rappaport, J. Toker, D. Zajfman Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot
	At the MPI für Kernphysik, a cryogenic electrostatic heavy-ion storage ring (CSR) is being developed. As a cryogenic test facility (CTF), an electrostatic ion beam trap is nearing completion. It will store ions between two electrostatic mirrors, confining them radially by two einzel lenses set apart by 30 cm. This linear, open design leaves room for testing beam diagnostic devices developed for the CSR, e.g. split ring electrodes and a residual gas monitor. As for the CSR, parts of the vacuum system will be brought in direct contact with superfluid helium, to achieve an operating temperature of 2-10 K. Under these conditions, we expect residual gas pressures in the 10^-15 mbar range, and storage times on the order of minutes for light molecular ions. We will present first results from the commissioning of the CTF, especially the temperatures and residual gas pressures reached in the trap, as well as experiences with the position stability of the mechanical suspension of the trap electrodes in cryogenic operation.

MOPC111	Lattice Studies for Spin-filtering Experiments at COSY and AD	quadrupole, antiproton, proton, lattice	322
	A. Garishvili, A. N. Nass, E. Steffens University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut II, Erlangen A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, F. Rathmann, R. Schleichert, H. Ströher FZJ, Jülich P. Lenisa, M. Statera INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara S. A. Martin UGS, Langenbernsdorf
	In the framework of the FAIR project, the PAX collaboration has proposed a research program based on polarized antiprotons. Polarized antiprotons are to be produced by spin-dependent attenuation on a polarized hydrogen target. For a better understanding of this mechanism it is planned to perform Spin-Filtering studies with protons at COSY (Jülich). In a second phase, it is envisioned to study Spin-Filtering with antiprotons at the AD (CERN). Which will allow for the determination of the total spin-dependent transverse and longitudinal cross sections. In order to achieve the required long storage times, a storage ring section has to be developed which minimizes the spin-independent losses due to Coulomb scattering. The Coulomb-loss cross section for single scattering losses at fixed energy is proportional to the acceptance angle. Therefore, at the target point the beta functions should be as small as possible. Fot the 'low-beta' section, superconducting quadrupole magnets are utilized. It is composed of two (COSY) and three (AD) SC quadrupoles on each side of the target. Results of the lattice studies and requirements for the superconducting quadrupole magnets will be discussed

MOPC112	HESR Linear Lattice Design	lattice, electron, antiproton, betatron	325
	B. Lorentz, A. Lehrach, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle FZJ, Jülich
	The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) is a part of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt. The ring is used for hadron physics experiments with a pellet target and the PANDA detector, and will supply antiprotons of momenta from 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. The ring will consist of two 180 degree bending sections (arcs) of 157 m length, each, and two 132 m long straight sections. In one of the straight sections the PANDA experiment will be installed, the other straight section will be equipped with a High Energy Electron Cooler. A longitudinal and transverse stochastic cooling system will be used in the momentum range from 3.8 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c. Adjustment of beta functions at target and electron cooler, to achieve highest beam lifetimes, most efficient cooling and highest luminosities are the main design requirements. The basic design consists of FODO cell structures in the arcs. The arc quadrupole magnets are grouped into four families, to allow a flexible adjustment of transition energy, horizontal and vertical tune, and dispersion. The details of the linear lattice and operation modes will be discussed in this presentation.

MOPC122	Experiments with Fe-ion Beam Generation Acceleration and Accumulation in ITEP-TWAC Facility	ion, laser, vacuum, injection	352
	B. Y. Sharkov, P. N. Alekseev, N. N. Alexeev, A. Balabaev, V. I. Nikolaev, V. A. Schegolev, A. Shumshurov, V. P. Zavodov ITEP, Moscow Y. Satov SRC RF TRINITI, Moscow region
	The laser ion source (LIS) developed in collaboration ITEP-TRINITI-CERN with an upgraded version of powerful 100J CO2-laser has been used for Fe-ion beam generation at the input of the pre-injector U-3 delivering separated species of Fe¹⁶⁺ ions with energy of 1.1 MeV/u to booster synchrotron UK for acceleration up to the energy of 160 MeV/u and accumulation in the storage ring U-10 using multiple charge exchange injection technique. First results of Fe-ion beam treating from laser ion source to accumulator ring are presented.

MOPC125	The HESR RF-system and Tests in COSY	acceleration, synchrotron, antiproton, injection	361
	R. Stassen, K. Bongardt, F. J. Etzkorn, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich A. Schnase JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	Two RF cavities will be installed in the High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt, one “small” cavity for barrier-bucket operation and one “large” cavity to accelerate and decelerate the beam and for bunch rotation. Additionally a barrier bucket with h=1..5 will be formed by this cavity to separate the decelerated beam from the refilled beam in the high luminosity mode (HL). Both prototype cavities have been built and first RF measurements were carried out. The recent results will be presented.

MOPC135	Present Status and Future improvement of HIRFL-CSR	ion, heavy-ion, injection, electron	388
	Y. J. Yuan, J. W. Xia, W.-L. Zhan, H. W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou
	The HIRFL-CSR project is a national mega project of China, which concentrates on heavy ion synchrotron and cooling storage ring. It is finished recently. The present commissioning results, testing experiments are introduced in this paper. The future improvement of the machine is also shown.

MOPC147	Measurement of Ion Beam from Laser Ion Source for RHIC EBIS	ion, laser, plasma, ion-source	421
	T. Kanesue Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. Tamura Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
	Laser ion source (LIS) is a candidate of the primary ion source for the RHIC EBIS. LIS will provide intense charge state 1⁺ ions to EBIS for further ionization. We measured plasma properties of a variety of atomic species such as Si, Fe and Au using the second harmonics of Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wave length, up to 0.82 J / 6 ns). Since a suitable laser power density for production of charge state 1+ ions is different from different species, laser power density was optimized to obtain a maximum beam intensity in each species. Also the results of emittance measurement using pepper pot after ion extraction with about 20 kV extraction voltage will be shown. Based on the obtained results, performance of the LIS as the primary ion source for EBIS will be discussed in this paper.

MOPC148	Target Life Time of Laser Ion Source for Low Charge State Ion Production	laser, ion, vacuum, ion-source	424
	T. Kanesue Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. Tamura Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
	Laser ion source produces ions by irradiating pulsed laser shots onto the solid state target. For the low charge state ion production, laser spot diameter on the target can be over several millimeters using the high power laser such as Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wave length, 0.82 J / 6 ns). In this case, damages to the target surface is small while there is a visible crater in case of the best focused laser shot (laser spot diameter can be several tens of micrometers) for high charge state ion production. Because damage to the target surface is small, target is not required to be moved to use fresh surface after each laser shot to stabilize plasma. In this paper, the results of target life time measurements will be shown.

MOPC154	Method for Efficiency and Time Response Measurement on Diverse Target Ion Sources with Stable Alkali	ion, ion-source, gun, plasma	436
	A. Pichard, J. A. Alcantara Nunez, R. Alves Conde, M. Dubois, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, P. Lecomte, J. Y. Pacquet, M. G. Saint-Laurent GANIL, Caen
	Developments of new setups for radioactive ion beam production by the isotope-separator-on-line (ISOL) method are underway at GANIL in the frame of the SPIRAL (Système de Production d’Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne) and SPIRAL-II projects. The measurement of total efficiency and time behaviour of these new target/ion-source systems (TISSs) is a crucial step for these devices which aims to produce short-lived isotopes with high intensity. The overall atom-to-ion transformation efficiency depends on several processes: diffusion of the atoms out of the production target, effusion towards the ion source and ionization. The efficiency can be extracted using the ratio between the emerging yield and implanted flux in the TISS. Several methods have already been developed to achieve these measurements: the use of stable or radioactive beams, gas injection, or the introduction of solid material into the TISS. This paper focuses primarily on a method that uses stable alkali. A pulsed/CW alkali ion gun has been built and will be used to optimise diverse TISSs. [1] C. Eléon et al., Proceedings of the XVe International Conference EMIS, 24-29th June 2007, Deauville, France, to be published.

MOPD002	Fabrication of ILC Prototype Cavities at Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.	controls, vacuum, site, cryogenics	448
	A. J. Favale, M. D. Cole, E. Peterson, J. Rathke AES, Medford, NY
	Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. has recently completed manufacture of four standard 9-cell TESLA-style ILC cavities, six single-cell ILC prototype cavities, six 9-cell symmetric ILC cavities, and one 9-cell re-entrant cavity of the Cornell design. This paper will present an overview of these fabrication projects and of the evolution of AES capability in cavity manufacturing. To date four of the 9-cell ILC cavities have been tested, the six single-cell cavities have been tested, and the 9-cell reentrant cavity has been tested. Preliminary results will be shown.

MOPD017	G4Beamline Program for Radiation Simulations	simulation, radiation, shielding, controls	481
	K. B. Beard, T. J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia P. Degtiarenko Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	G4beamline, a program that is an interface to the Geant4 toolkit that we have developed to simulate accelerator beamlines, is being extended with a graphical user interface to quickly and efficiently model experimental equipment and its shielding in experimental halls. The program is flexible, user friendly, and requires no programming by users, so that even complex systems can be simulated quickly. This improved user interface is of much wider application than just the shielding simulations that are the focus of this project. As an initial application, G4beamline is being extended to provide the simulations that are needed to determine the radiation sources for the proposed experiments at Jefferson Laboratory so that shielding issues can be evaluated. Since the program already has the capabilities needed to simulate the transport of all known particles, including scattering, attenuation, interactions, and decays, the extension involves implementing a user-friendly graphical user interface for specifying the simulation, and creating general detector and shielding component models and interfacing them to existing Geant4 models of the experimental halls.

MOPD032	Neutronics Calculations to Support the SNS Accelerator Facility	shielding, proton, radiation, linac	520
	I. I. Popova, G. W. Dodson, P. D. Ferguson, J. Galambos, F. X. Gallmeier ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator driven neutron scattering facility for materials research that recently started operations. After commissioning, the facility started at low power and is presently in the process of a power ramp to reach the Megawatt power level within two years of operations, maintenance, and tuning cycles. Extensive neutronics work for shielding development and dose rate predictions was completed during design and construction for various operational and shut down scenarios. Now that the facility is successfully operating, there is still demand for neutronics analyses for radiation-protection support. This need arises from redesigning some parts of the facility, facility upgrades, designing additional structures, designing test stands for accelerator structures, and verification and code validation analyses on the basis of the measured data.

MOPP045	Study of the Validity of K. Bane's Formulae for the CLIC Accelerating Structure	dipole, impedance, RF-structure, luminosity	646
	R. Zennaro CERN, Geneva
	The comprehension of short range wake is essential for the design of CLIC. Useful tools are the Karl Bane's formulae which predict the short range wake for periodic 2D symmetry structures. The comparison of 2D computations based on ABCI with predicted results and the study of the range of validity of these formulae are the subjects of this paper. A new fitting of the computational results is proposed for structures with very small aperture. A model for rounded iris structures is also proposed.

MOPP046	Collimation Optimizations, Capture Efficiency, and Primary-Beam Power Loss in the ILC Positron Source	positron, collimation, optics, injection	649
	F. Zhou, Y. Nosochkov, J. Sheppard SLAC, Menlo Park, California W. Liu ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The ILC positron beam generated from a thin Ti target has a wide energy spread and large transverse divergence. With the collection optics immediately downstream of the target and pre-acceleration to 125 MeV, the collected positron beam still has a long tail of positrons with low energies and large transverse divergence, which will be lost in the rest of the ILC positron source beamline. A collimation system is proposed and optimized for the case of a shielded target with quarter-wave transformation collection optics so that the power loss in the magnets and RF structures is effectively controlled within the acceptable level and in the damping ring (DR) within 640 W, assuming 3× 10¹⁰ of the captured positrons per bunch in the DR. In this case, the capture efficiency and DR injection efficiency are 13% and 99.8%, respectively. The lower capture efficiency is expected to result in higher injection efficiency and therefore, a lower power loss in the DR. The capture efficiency for the cases of a shielded target with flux concentrator and 5-T immersed target with flux concentrator is 20% and 30%, respectively, with the collimation system.

MOPP060	Parameter Scan for the CLIC Damping Rings	emittance, damping, wiggler, coupling	679
	Y. Papaphilippou, H.-H. Braun, M. Korostelev CERN, Geneva
	Triggered by the RF frequency reduction of the CLIC main linac cavities, the damping ring parameters had to be reevaluated and the rings' performance adapted to the new luminosity requirements. In view of a staged approach for reaching the ultimate energy of the collider, the dependence of the rings output emittances under the influence of Intrabeam Scattering is evaluated with respect to different beam characteristics such as bunch population, beam energy, coupling and longitudinal beam characteristics.

MOPP069	A Prototype Target Wheel for the ILC Positron Source	positron, photon, undulator, simulation	706
	I. R. Bailey, L. J. Jenner, C. J. Nelson Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool I. R. Bailey Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire D. G. Clarke, K. P. Davies, A. Gallagher STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire J. A. Clarke STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire J. Gronberg, L. B. Hagler, W. T. Piggott LLNL, Livermore, California
	In this paper we describe the design, construction and commissioning of a prototype based on the positron production target wheel planned for the ILC positron source. The efficiency of the current baseline positron source design for the ILC can be improved if the conversion target is partially immersed in the magnetic field of the capture optics, thereby increasing the overall capture efficiency for positrons by a factor of two or more. However, immersion of the rotating target wheel generates strong eddy currents leading to additional heating and stresses on the wheel. The primary purpose of our prototype, which had been assembled at Daresbury Laboratory, is to investigate the effects of eddy currents induced in a titanium alloy wheel moving with rim speeds up to 100 metres per second in magnetic fields of the order of 1 Tesla.

MOPP071	Intense Stopping Muon Beams	dipole, background, proton, scattering	712
	M. A.C. Cummings, R. J. Abrams, R. P. Johnson, C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia C. M. Ankenbrandt, M. A. Martens, D. V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The study of rare processes using stopping muon beams provides access to new physics that cannot be addressed at energy frontier machines. The flux of muons into a small stopping target is limited by the kinematics of the production process and by stochastic processes in the material used to slow the particles. Innovative muon beam cooling techniques are being applied to the design of stopping muon beams in order to increase the event rates in such experiments. Such intense stopping beams will also aid the development of applications such as muon spin resonance and muon-catalyzed fusion.

MOPP072	A Study of Mechanical and Magnetic Issues for a Prototype Positron Source Target	simulation, positron, photon, undulator	715
	L. J. Jenner, I. R. Bailey Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire D. G. Clarke, K. P. Davies, A. Gallagher STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire J. A. Clarke STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire J. Gronberg, L. B. Hagler, W. T. Piggott LLNL, Livermore, California S. Hesselbach Durham University, Durham C. J. Nelson STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. Rochford STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	In order to construct a high yield, positron source that can meet the intensity requirements of future facilities, a robust conversion target is needed. One solution is to use a rotating titanium alloy wheel upon which a beam of photons is incident. The efficiency of capturing the resulting positrons can be optimised by immersing this system in a magnetic field. As described elsewhere, a prototype of such a target has been built at Daresbury Laboratory, to investigate the mechanical challenges associated with its construction and to study the magnetic effects that the wheel will experience. In this paper, calibration of the instrumentation, the data acquisition system and the initial results from operating the wheel in a strong magnetic field are described. Such phenomena as the eddy current heating experienced by the wheel are measured and compared to results from modelling codes. Vibrational issues surrounding the wheel and supporting structure at various speeds are studied. ID: 3894 A Prototype Target Wheel for the ILC Positron Source

MOPP073	Plasma Lens for Muon and Neutrino Beams	plasma, proton, focusing, simulation	718
	S. A. Kahn, S. Korenev Muons, Inc, Batavia M. B. Bishai, M. Diwan, J. C. Gallardo, A. Hershcovitch, B. M. Johnson BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The plasma lens is examined as an alternate to focusing horns and solenoids for use in a neutrino or muon beam facility. The plasma lens concept is based on a combined high current lens/target configuration. The current is fed at electrodes located upstream and downstream form the target where pion capturing is needed. The current flows primarily in the plasma, which has a lower resistivity than the target. A second plasma lens section, with an additional current feed, follows the target to provide shaping of the plasma for optimum focusing. The plasma lens is immersed in an additional solenoidal magnetic field to facilitate the plasma stability. The geometry of the plasma is shaped to provide optimal pion capture. Simulations of this plasma lens system have shown a 25% higher neutrino production than the horn system. Plasma lenses have additional advantages: larger axial currents than horns, minimal neutrino contamination during antineutrino running, and negligible pion absorption or scattering. Results from particle simulations using plasma lens will be presented.

MOPP113	PEFP Dumbbell Frequency and Length Tuning of a Low-beta SRF Cavity	superconducting-RF, linac, proton, controls	823
	S. An, Y.-S. Cho, C. Gao, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang KAERI, Daejon L. Zhang Department of Mechanics, Chang’an University, Daejon
	Based on present technology, a dumbbell fabrication is a necessary mid-process for a cavity manufacting process. A dumbbell with a right length and frequency is necessary to build up a desired cavity. In order to obtain the exact frequencies of each individual half cell of a PEFP dumbbell, a new and confirmed measurement method has been established. In this paper, the dumbbell frequency measurement method and the frequency and length tuning practices for a PEFP low-beta cavity have been described.

MOPP154	Study of the High Pressure Rinsing Water Jet Interactions	controls, linear-collider, collider, superconducting-RF	910
	D. Sertore, M. Fusetti, P. M. Michelato, C. Pagani INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	High Pressure Rinsing (HPR) is an important step in the cleaning of Superconducting Cavities (SC). The understanding of the interaction of the high pressure water jet on the cavity wall is of primary importance for the optimization of this process for upcoming SC based projects like XFEL and ILC. In this paper, we extend our results obtained so far in different labs and present our studies on water jet interaction on oblique surfaces and the possible induced damages.

MOPP162	Titanium Nitride Coating of RF Ceramic Windows by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering	vacuum, lattice, electron, controls	931
	V. Variola, H. Jenhani, W. Kaabi, P. Lepercq LAL, Orsay G. Keppel, V. Palmieri, F. Strada INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	Alumina is a common material for RF windows. Besides its high dielectric strength, it is stable under thermal treatment and has a low out-gassing rate. Nevertheless it has a high secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient, which leads to multipactor limiting the achievable RF power. One way to suppress the multipactor on RF windows is to coat it with a low SEE-thin TiN film. In the frame of the LAL coupler program a sputtering bench has been developed. It is equipped with two magnetrons and titanium targets. A special rotating holder was designed to allow uniform deposition on cylindrical windows. RF etching of the substrate as a pre-treatment step is allowed, in order to remove particle contamination and to increase TiN adhesion. The TiN sputtering needs the optimisation of gas and electrical parameters. XRD analysis was performed to check the film composition and stoechiometry. The results show how to control the N2 vacancy acting on the gas flow. In addiction, the coating thickness must be optimized not to cause excessive ohmic heating, so multipactor thresholds measurements were done for different coating thickness. Thickness measurments showed a good uniformity.

TUZG01	IFMIF: Status and Developments	beam-transport, rfq, plasma, radio-frequency	974
	P. Garin CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	On the way to the fusion demonstrator (DEMO), ITER is designed to tackle the physics properties of thermonuclear plasmas in relevant conditions, as well as the key technologies. But because of its experimental character, the amount of neutrons produced by ITER all along its life will be about two orders of magnitude below what is expected in a fusion Power Plant. A dedicated facility, called IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility), is thus mandatory to study and analyse the behaviour of materials under a high flux of energetic neutrons (14 MeV). The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA), launched in the framework of a bilateral agreement between Euratom and the Government of Japan in 2007, with a duration of 6 years, aims at producing the detailed design file enabling the construction of IFMIF. The key systems will be also tested during this phase. One of the most important one is the accelerator, bringing a deuteron beam of 125 mA to an output energy of 40 MeV. The whole facility will be described, including the detail of the accelerator, as well as the organisational framework of the project.
	Slides

TUOCG03	Proposal for a ½ MW Electron Linac for Rare Isotope and Materials Science	proton, electron, linac, site	985
	S. R. Koscielniak, P. G. Bricault, B. Davids, J. Dilling, M. Dombsky TRIUMF, Vancouver D. Karlen Victoria University, Victoria, B. C.
	TRIUMF, in collaboration with university partners, proposes to construct a megawatt-class electron linear accelerator (e-linac) as a driver for U(gamma,f) of actinide targets with rates up to 10¹³ - 10¹⁴ fissions/sec and for (gamma,p)8Li for materials science. The particular emphasis would be on neutron-rich species. The 50 MeV, 10 mA, c.w. linac is based on super-conducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology at 1.3 GHz. Though high power/current electron linacs are a mature technology proposed elsewhere for applications ranging from 4th generation light-sources to TeV-scale linear colliders, TRIUMF is in the vanguard for applying this technology to the copious production of isotopes for studies of (i) nuclear structure and astrophysics; and (ii) beta-NMR for materials science.
	Slides

TUOBM04	FFAGs for the ERIT and ADS Projects at KURRI	proton, booster, injection, storage-ring	1013
	T. Uesugi, H. Horii, Y. Kuriyama, K. Mishima, Y. Mori, A. Osanai, T. Planche, S. Shiroya, M. Tanigaki, H. Yoshino KURRI, Osaka M. Inoue SLLS, Shiga Y. Ishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe M. Muto FFAG DDS Research Organization, Tokyo K. Okabe, I. Sakai University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fului
	A chain of FFAG proton accelerator have been under construction at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI), Osaka, for the study of accelerator driven system (ADS) since 2004. The accelerator is a cascade type and composed of three different FFAG rings: injector, booster and main ring. The maximum energy of the main ring is 150 MeV for proton. The beam was successfully accelerated and extracted from the booster in June of 2006 and the beam commissioning of the main ring has started since then. Recently the beam has been successfully injected into the main ring.
	Slides

TUPC018	New Experimental Results with Optical Diffraction Radiation Diagnostics	radiation, electron, background, shielding	1083
	E. Chiadroni, M. Castellano INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Cianchi INFN-Roma II, Roma K. Honkavaara, G. Kube DESY, Hamburg
	The characterization of the transverse phase space for high charge density and high energy electron beams is demanding for the successful development of the next generation light sources and linear colliders. The interest in a non-invasive and non-intercepting beam diagnostics is increasingly high due to the stringent features of such beams. Optical Diffraction Radiation (ODR) is considered as one of the most promising candidates to measure the transverse beam size and angular divergence, i.e. the transverse emittance. An experiment, based on the detection of the ODR angular distribution, has been set up at DESY FLASH Facility to measure the electron beam transverse parameters. In this paper we report the recent results on the incoherent diffraction radiation produced by a 1 GeV energy electron beam going through a rectangular slit.

TUPC020	Development of Non-destructive Beam Current Measurement for the iThemba LABS Cyclotrons	cyclotron, diagnostics, pick-up, proton	1089
	Z. Kormány ATOMKI, Debrecen J. L. Conradie, J. L.G. Delsink, D. T. Fourie, J. V. Pilcher, P. F. Rohwer iThemba LABS, Somerset West K. Juhasz University of Debrecen, Debrecen
	The 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron and its two 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotrons at iThemba LABS deliver beams of light and heavy ions, as well as polarized protons, with variable energy for nuclear physics research, a low-intensity proton 200 MeV beam for proton therapy and a high-intensity 66 MeV proton beam for neutron therapy and the production of radioisotopes. The intensity of the 66 MeV proton beam has recently been increased to 250 μA. This necessitated development of non-destructive beam diagnostic equipment, amongst others, for beam current measurement at various positions in the different beamlines. It was decided to determine the beam current by digitizing and analyzing the signals from capacitive phase probes on-line, instead of using more costly DC beam-current transformers. It was also important to design the phase probes with as low as possible inductance in their support to the diagnostic vacuum chambers to eliminate ringing in the probe signals. The design of the probes, the analyses of the probe signals and the results that were obtained with the equipment will be presented.

TUPC037	Development, Production and Testing of 4500 Beam Loss Monitors	vacuum, radiation, beam-losses, simulation	1134
	E. B. Holzer, P. Chiggiato, B. Dehning, G. Ferioli, V. Grishin, J. M. Jimenez, M. Taborelli, I. Wevers CERN, Geneva A. Koshelev, A. Larionov, V. Seleznev, M. Sleptsov, A. Sytin IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region D. K. Kramer TUL, Liberec
	Beam-loss monitoring (BLM) is a key element in the LHC machine protection. 4250 nitrogen filled ionization chambers (IC) and 350 secondary emission monitors (SEM) have been manufactured at the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Protvino, Russia, following their development at CERN. Signal speed and robustness against ageing were the main design criteria. Each monitor is permanently sealed inside a stainless-steel cylinder. The quality of the welding was a critical aspect during production. The SEMs are requested to hold a vacuum of 1·10^-7 bar. Impurity levels from thermal and radiation-induced desorption should remain in the range of parts per million in the ICs. The difference in sensitivity is about 3·10⁴. To avoid radiation aging (up to 2·10⁸ Gy in 20 years) production of the chambers followed strict UHV requirements. IHEP designed and built the UHV production stand. Due to the required dynamic range of 1·10⁹, the leakage current of the monitors has to stay below 1 pA. Several tests during and after production were performed at IHEP and CERN. A consistently high quality during the whole production period was achieved and the tight production schedule kept at the same time.

TUPC039	p-Carbon CNI Polarimetry in the AGS and RHIC	polarization, vacuum, scattering, proton	1140
	H. Huang, A. Bazilevsky, A. Bravar, G. Bunce, V. Dharmawardane, R. L. Gill, Y. Makdisi, B. Morozov, M. Sivertz, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York I. G. Alekseev, D. Svirida ITEP, Moscow W. Lozowski IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	Polarimetry based on proton carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region has been utilized for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). They have been critical tools for polarized proton acceleration setup and provided polarization values for RHIC experiments. This paper summarizes the recent modifications to the hardware and electronics. The performance of the polarimeters is also discussed.

TUPC056	A Novel Beam Profile Monitor Based on a Supersonic Gas Jet	ion, storage-ring, antiproton, extraction	1182
	K.-U. Kuehnel, M. Putignano, C. D. Schroeter, J. Ullrich, C. P. Welsch MPI-K, Heidelberg
	At very low residual gas pressure below 10^-12 mbar, as foreseen in future low-energy storage rings currently under development at the MPI-K and FAIR, conventional residual gas beam profile monitors cease to work with reasonable count rates. One possible way to overcome this restriction is the use of a supersonic gas jet as a profile monitor. Such a jet could be shaped as a thin curtain, thus providing a uniform target with a variable target density extended over the whole beam. A possible setup of such a device taking into account vacuum considerations, expected count rates and an envisioned detection scheme are presented in this contribution.

TUPC066	Temporal Spot Size Evolution of the DARHT First Axis Radiographic Source	ion, electron, focusing, radiation	1206
	B. T. McCuistian, D. C. Moir, E. A. Rose LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico H. Bender, C. Carlson, C. G. Hollabaugh, R. Trainham NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico
	DARHT is the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The radiographic spot size is a critical parameter in the performance of the facility to produce quality radiographs. Time resolved images of the radiographic spot of the First Axis of the DARHT facility have been acquired and correlated with the radiation pulse. Analysis of these time resolved images illustrates the effect of beam target interaction on the temporal evolution of the spot size. An explanation of the experimental setup and analysis of the data will be presented.

TUPC071	Computer-assisted Electron Beam Centroid Characterization at AIRIX Facility	diagnostics, electron, beam-transport, extraction	1212
	O. Mouton, M. Caron, D. Collignon, H. Dzitko, B. Gouin, G. Grandpierre, D. Guilhem, L. Hourdin, C. Noel, O. Pierret CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel
	AIRIX is a high current accelerator designed for flash X-ray radiography. The electron beam produced into a vacuum diode (2 kA, 3.5 to 3.8 MV, 60 ns) is extracted from a velvet cold cathode. For a beam characterisation we have seen* how to calculate the mean beam divergence (X'(0),Y'(0)), the RMS beam size (XRMS(0), YRMS(0)) as well as the 2D transverse beam emittance (ex(0),ey(0)). To have a complete initial characterization of the beam, we have to further calculate the centroid initial position (xc, yc) and its initial divergence (xc', yc'). In this aim, we use experimental results at BPM's located downstream the initial position of the cathode, and we also use the TRAJENV code coupled with the MINUIT minimization library. In this paper, we propose to describe both experimental and theoretical approaches leading to the full beam characterization (beam size, centroid position and divergence) at the diode output. *O. Mouton & al. "Computer assisted Electron Beam Characterization at AIRIX Facility," PAC'07, Albuquerque (USA).

TUPC075	Development Status of a Beam Diagnostic System with a Spatial Resolution of Ten Micron-meters for XFEL	electron, radiation, laser, undulator	1224
	Y. Otake RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo H. Ego, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken A. Higashiya, S. I. Inoue, H. Maesaka, T. Shintake, M. Yabashi RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
	Aroud 10 micron-meter stability of an electron beam is required along the undulator section of XFEL to stably generate an X ray laser, and comparable resolution is also required for beam position and size measurements. At SPring-8, the construction of an 8 GeV linac with undulators is now in progress to realize the X ray laser driven by such highly qualified electron beams. To obtain these beams, measurements of the spatial and temporal beam structures are very important. We are developing a beam diagnostic system with a measurement resolution of less than 10 micron-meters. The system comprises a cavity type beam position monitor, an optical transition radiation profile monitor, a beam current monitor, an rf beam deflector to diagnose femto-second order temporal structure, and beam slits to shape appropriately beam spatial structure. The arrangement of these instruments were decided by requirements of the beam position and size measurements based on beam optics design. This paper describes the development status of the beam diagnostic system. The test results and design of the instruments showed sufficient performance to realize the above mentioned measurement resolution.

TUPC084	Combating Multi-bunch Instabilities with the Libera Bunch-by-bunch Unit	feedback, betatron, kicker, single-bunch	1251
	V. Poucki, T. Karcnik, P. L. Lemut, M. O. Oblak Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
	Libera Bunch by Bunch is the digital processing unit for a bunch by bunch feedback system. The upgraded unit has a DSP core application featuring a 16 tap filter for each bunch. DSP processing is organized in 4 chains, following the HW implementation of A/D conversion. Besides setting of FIR filter coefficients in each processing chain, one bunch per chain can have different FIR filter coefficients and provides an option for 4 single bunch processing. All FIR filter coefficients are double buffered. Delays maximally equal to a revolution period are implemented before and after the FIR block. As an additional feature, a phase shift block is introduced that precisely shifts the phase of the output signal in the vicinity of a determined frequency. The core application is accompanied with a Matlab GUI, with an additional window for data acquisition. This system accompanied by a Front End unit provides a complete solution for combating multi bunch beam instabilities. A detailed description and results are presented.

TUPC088	Statistical Weighting of the MICE Beam	emittance, coupling, simulation, lattice	1260
	C. T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Conventionally only average properties such as means and variances of charged particle beams are measured. Such a technique is limited in that it is challenging to measure moments beyond the second and certain correlations are difficult to measure. In the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE), the beam rate is sufficiently low that particles pass singly through the accelerator and measurements can be made of the position, time (relative to RF phase) and momentum of individual particles. This makes a number of new analysis tools available. In this paper two particular tools are studied: the analysis of third and higher beam moments and the ability to select an input beam based on such moments.

TUPC096	Development of Beam Loss Monitor for the SPring-8 Storage Ring	beam-losses, injection, electron, background	1284
	Y. Shimosaki, K. Kobayashi, M. Oishi, M. Shoji, K. Soutome, Y. Taniuchi JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
	A beam loss monitor using PIN photodiodes has been developed. To check its performance, we installed it at an in-vacuum insertion device and at the injection section in the SPring-8 storage ring. Information on the beam loss at these points will be useful for examining demagnetization of permanent magnets of insertion devices and for studying a mechanism of beam loss. A noise level at these points is however high due to stray synchrotron radiation, an induction voltage generated by pulsed injection magnets, etc. The beam loss signal is then picked up under a high noise condition. Experimental results with its countermeasure will be reported.

TUPC103	Digital Generation of Noise-signals with Arbitrary Constant or Time-varying Spectra	simulation, emittance, synchrotron, injection	1299
	J. Tuckmantel CERN, Geneva
	Noise sources in the RF system of an accelerator produce longitudinal emittance increase or loss. This noise is inherent, from the beam-control system electronics, external sources or high power components, or can be purposely injected for a specific need such as bunch distribution modification or controlled emittance increase. Simulations to study these effects on the beam require precise reproduction either of the total noise measured on the hardware, or of the noise spectrum to be injected and optimized to produce the desired changes. In the latter case the 'optimized' noise source has also to be created in real-time to actually excite the beam via the RF system. This paper describes a new algorithm to create noise spectra of arbitrary spectral density varying with cycle time. It has very good statistical properties and effectively infinite period length, important for long simulation runs. It is spectrally clean and avoids undesired mirror spectra. Coded in C++, it is flexible and fast. Used extensively in simulations it has also successfully created controlled emittance increase in the SPS by the injection of artificial real-time RF noise.

TUPC106	Optimization of Electron Linac Operating Conditions for Photonuclear Isotope Production	electron, simulation, radiation, isotope-production	1308
	V. L. Uvarov, A. N. Dovbnya, V. I. Nikiforov, Z. V. Zhiglo NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	The communication describes the method for optimizing the high-power Linac regime (electron energy, pulsed current and beam size, pulse repetition rate) and the composition of output devices to provide the maximum photonuclear yield of isotope product with the maintenance of thermal stability of structural elements. To exemplify, the results of accelerator KUT-30 (45 MeV, 10 kW) optimization at conditions of medical isotope Cu-67 production are reported. Simulation based on a modified PENELOPE/2006 code was employed to compute the Cu-67 generation rate in the Zn target, and also the absorbed radiation power in output device elements for different operating conditions of the accelerator with due regard for its loading characteristic. The simulation results were used to calculate the target and the converter (Ta) temperature at various thicknesses of the latter and at real cooling parameters. Conditions have been established for the maximum Cu-67 yield with keeping thermal stability of the target device.

TUPD022	Electron Beam Polarimetry at the S-DALINAC	electron, scattering, polarization, background	1476
	R. Barday, U. Bonnes, C. Eckardt, R. Eichhorn, J. Enders, C. Heßler, J. Kalben, Y. Poltoratska TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt W. F.O. Müller, B. Steiner, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt
	It is planned to carry out experiments at the Superconducting Darmstadt Linear Accelerator S-DALINAC with both polarized electron and photon beams at the energy of the electron beam between 10 and 130 MeV. In order to extract asymmetry from these experiments the absolute degree of the electron beam polarization needs to be known. We present the existing and planned polarimeters at the source of polarized electrons and the experimental sites, especially a 100 keV Mott polarimeter and Möller polarimeter for 15-130 MeV electrons.

TUPP008	An Automatic Control System for Conditioning 30 GHz Accelerating Structures	controls, gun, vacuum, feedback	1541
	A. Dubrovsky, J. A. Rodriguez CERN, Geneva
	A software application programme has been developed to allow fast, automatic, conditioning of the accelerating structures to be high-gradient tested at 30 GHz in CTF3. The specificity of the application is the ability to control a high power electron beam which produces the 30 GHz RF power used to condition the accelerating structures. It significantly increases the amount of time useable for high power conditioning. In this paper this fast control system, the machine control system, the logging system, the graphic user control interface and the logging data visualization are described. An outline of the conditioning control system itself and of the feedback controlling peak power and pulse length is given. The software allows different types of conditioning strategies to be programmed.

TUPP036	"Scrubbing" Process of Cu Surfaces Induced by Electron Bombardment	electron, background, vacuum, simulation	1619
	D. R. Grosso, P. Barone, A. Bonanno, M. Camarca, M. Commisso, A. Oliva, F. Xu INFN Gruppo di Cosenza, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) R. Cimino INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	Energy distribution curves of electrons emitted from accelerator used metal surfaces have been measured for electron irradiation with a primary energy from 20 to 400 eV. We separated the contributions of reflected, rediffused and true-secondary electrons out from the spectra and observed significant differences in their incidence angle dependence. These results provide crucial information on the electron cloud formation in particle accelerators and may shed light on the involved physical mechanisms

TUPP073	Bench-top Impedance Measurements for a Rotatable Copper Collimator for the LHC Phase II Collimation Upgrade	impedance, vacuum, collimation, simulation	1703
	J. C. Smith, K. L.F. Bane, J. E. Doyle, L. Keller, S. A. Lundgren, T. W. Markiewicz, C.-K. Ng, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The Phase II upgrade to the LHC collimation system calls for complementing the 30 high robust Phase I graphite collimators with 30 high Z, low impedance Phase II collimators. The design for the collimation upgrade has not been finalized. One option is to use metallic rotatable collimators and this design will be discussed here. Simulations have been performed in MAFIA to study both the resistive wall and geometric impedance contributions of our rotatable collimator design. Benchtop stretched coil probe impedance measurements have also been performed on prototype components to directly measure the low frequency impedance contributions. The design also calls for an RF contact interface at the jaw end. This contact resistance must be a small fraction of a milliohm in order to limit transverse impedance. DC resistance measurements in a custom built test chamber have been performed to test the performance of various metal pairs and surface coatings.

TUPP116	Development of Scanning System at HIMAC	controls, simulation, synchrotron, heavy-ion	1794
	T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, S. Minohara, S. Mori, T. Murakami, A. Nagano, K. Noda, N. Saotome, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei NIRS, Chiba-shi
	A new treatment facility project, as an extension of the existing HIMAC facility, has been initiated for the further development of carbon-ion therapy. This new treatment facility will be equipped with a three-dimensional irradiation system with pencil beam scanning. For moving-tumor treatments with high accuracy, the most important part of the design study is how to realize this by scanning irradiation. For this purpose, we have studied a combination of the rescanning technique and the gated irradiation method. In order to avoid hot and/or cold spots even by a relatively larger number of rescannings within the acceptable irradiation time, we studied a fast scanning system. Further, this concept was experimentally demonstrated at the HIMAC. The design and the related study of the scanning system for the HIMAC new treatment facility will be presented.

TUPP118	Update of an Accelerator Control System for the New Treatment Facility at HIMAC	synchrotron, controls, extraction, ion	1800
	Y. Iwata, T. Furukawa, K. Noda, T. Shirai, E. Takada NIRS, Chiba-shi T. Kadowaki, Y. Sano, H. Uchiyama AEC, Chiba
	Tumor therapy using energetic carbon ions, as provided by the HIMAC, has been performed since June 1994, and more than 3200 patients were treated until now. With the successful clinical results over more than ten years, we started to construct a new treatment facility. The new facility would have three treatment rooms; two of them have both horizontal and vertical fixed-irradiation-ports, and the other has a rotating-gantry-port. For all the ports, a scanning irradiation method is applied. The new facility will be constructed in conjunction with the HIMAC, and heavy-ion beams will be provided by the HIMAC accelerators. To fulfill requirements for the scanning irradiation, we are planning to update the accelerator control system. The proposed control system would enable us to provide heavy ions having variable energies within a single synchrotron-pulse; the beam energy would be changed a few tenth of times within a pulse by an energy step corresponding to a water range of 2 mm. Since the beam range would be adjusted without using range compensators, an excellent irradiation field could be obtained. We will present our project on updating the accelerator control system.

TUPP125	New Heavy-ion Cancer Treatment Facility at HIMAC	synchrotron, extraction, controls, ion	1818
	K. Noda, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, Y. Iwata, T. Kanai, M. Kanazawa, S. Minohara, S. Mori, T. Murakami, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei, M. Torikoshi NIRS, Chiba-shi
	The first clinical trial of cancer treatment with carbon beams generated from the HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, we have proposed a new treatment facility for the purpose of further development of the heavy-ion cancer therapy with HIMAC. This facility, which is connected with the HIMAC synchrotron, consists of three treatment rooms: two rooms equipped with horizontal and vertical beam-delivery systems and one room with a rotating gantry. In both the fixed beam-delivery and rotating gantry systems, a 3D beam-scanning method is employed with gated irradiation with patient’s respiration in order to increase the treatment accuracy. Since the beam control for the size, the position and the time structure plays an essential role in the 3D beam scanning with the irradiation gated with respiration, the R&D study has been carried out with the HIMAC synchrotron since 2006. At December 2007, the Japanese government approved this project. We will report the design and R&D studies toward the construction of the new treatment facility.

TUPP130	Development of 3D Dose Verification System for Scanned Ion Beam at HIMAC	brightness, ion, background, heavy-ion	1830
	N. Saotome, T. Furukawa, T. Inaniwa, T. Kanai, K. Noda, S. Sato NIRS, Chiba-shi
	A 3D dose imaging system has been developed for a project of a new cancer treatment with 3D pencil beam scanning at HIMAC. This system provides the dose measurements easily and rapidly. this system consists of a water tank, fluorescent screen and charge-coupled device, set at isocentor. The fluorescent screen is directly attached to the downstream side of water tank. One of great advantages of this system is to obtain 2D dose map at once, by correcting LET-dependent quenching. The procedure to verify 3D dose distribution is based on the 2D dose measurement of slice-by-slice under a water depth. We will present the measurement result of 3D dose distribution by the proposed method, and its comparison with that by the ionization chamber.

TUPP139	Variable Energy 2-MeV S-Band Linac for X-ray and Other Applications	linac, electron, emittance, simulation	1845
	H. Bender, D. D. Schwellenbach, R. Sturgess, C. P. Trainham NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico J. M. Potter JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, New Mexico
	We will describe the design and operation of a compact, 2-MeV, S-band linear accelerator (linac) with variable energy tuning and short-pulse operation down to 15 ps with 100-A peak current. The design consists of a buncher cavity for short-pulse operation and two coupled resonator sections for acceleration. Single-pulse operation is accomplished through a fast injector system with a 219-MHz subharmonic buncher. The machine is intended to support a variety of applications, such as X-ray and electron beam diagnostic development and, recently, electron diffraction studies of phase transitions in shocked materials.

TUPP143	Collective Ionization by Attosecond Electron Bunches	electron, plasma, ion, collective-effects	1851
	A. Ogata, T. Kondoh, K. Norizawa, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida ISIR, Osaka
	Present accelerator technology has realized linac bunch length on the order of femtosecond. If the bunch length becomes onto the order of attosecond, its inverse is comparable to the ionization frequency; ionization potential divided by Plank's constant. The stopping power then becomes proportional to square of the number of bunch electrons. Such a bunch ionizes the target collectively. This collective, or coherent ionization will provide us plenty of applications including unknown ones at the present. This phenomenon has historically been expected in cluster beams, which can be regarded as ultra-short bunches. The present paper adapts formalism of stopping power of a medium characterized by a dielectric function against cluster beams to that against electron bunches. It then describes some numerical calculations on the collective ionization by the attosecond electron bunches.

TUPP147	Accelerator Driven Systems for Energy Production and Waste Transmutation	proton, simulation, lattice, acceleration	1854
	C. Bungau, S. C. Tygier Manchester University, Manchester R. J. Barlow UMAN, Manchester R. Cywinski University of Leeds, Leeds
	Due to their inherent safety features and waste transmutation potential, accelerator driven subcritical reactors (ADSRs) are the subject of research and development in almost all countries around the world. The neutrons needed to sustain fission are generated by the spallation process resulting from high energy protons impacting a target element installed at the centre of the core. In the present paper the possible benefits of FFAGs as accelerator drivers for ADSR systems are analysed. FFAGs afford fast acceleration as there is no need of synchronization between RF and magnets, high average current with large repetition rate and large acceptance. The present study also focuses on the Monte Carlo studies of the reactor core design. The impact of the subcriticallity, target material and proton beam energy on the ADSR performance was also examined. Entirely novel ADSR configurations involving multiple accelerator drivers and associated spallation targets within the reactor core have also been considered. Calculations were carried out using the GEANT4 simulation code.

TUPP151	A High Intensity Positron Source at Saclay: The SOPHI Project	positron, linac, electron, ion	1863
	O. Delferriere, V. Blideanu, M. Carty, A. Curtoni, L. Liszkay, P. Perez, J. M. Rey, N. Ruiz, Y. Sauce CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette F. Forest, J. L. Lancelot, D. Neuveglise Sigmaphi, Vannes
	One of the fundamental questions of todays physics concerns the action of gravity upon antimatter. No experimental direct measurement has ever been successfully performed with antimatter particles. An R&D program has been launched at IRFU (CEA/Saclay) to demonstrate the feasibility of the production of antihydrogen (H) with the use of a target of positronium (Ps) atoms. This target, when bombarded with antiprotons, should allow combining its positrons with the incoming antiprotons and create H atoms and H⁺ ions. This experiment needs a large amount of Ps atoms, thus an intense source of positrons is necessary. We are building the SOPHI experiment in Saclay, based on a small 5 MeV electron linac to produce positrons via pair production on a tungsten target. This device should provide 10⁸ slow e+/s, i.e. a factor 300 greater than the strongest activity Na22 based setups. The SOPHI system has been finalized in 2006 and the main components have been studied and built during 2007. The experiment is currently assembled and first results are expected in June 2008. The Linac, beam production and transport system will be presented, and first positron production rate measurements reported.

TUPP154	Proton Energy Measurement Using Stacked Silicon Detectors	proton, cyclotron, vacuum, radiation	1866
	K. R. Kim KAERI, Daejon H. J. Kim, J. H. So Kyungpook National University, Daegu
	Proton energy was measured using stacked Si(Li) detectors at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences). The proton energies from the cyclotron were 35 MeV and 45 MeV. Generally, using a single semiconductor detecor it is not available to measure the proton energy above 30 MeV because the maximum thickness of the semiconductor detector was limited to 5mm. We have used a detector consisting of three 2 mm thick Si(Li) detectors and a 5 mm thick one. The active areas of these detectors are 75mm2. In this paper, we report the energy measurement results using the stacked detectors.

TUPP156	Development of a Compact X-ray Source Based on Laser-Compton Scattering with a Pulsed-laser Super-cavity	laser, electron, photon, scattering	1872
	K. Sakaue, M. Washio RISE, Tokyo S. Araki, M. K. Fukuda, Y. Higashi, Y. Honda, T. Taniguchi, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki N. Sasao Kyoto University, Kyoto
	A compact and high quality x-ray source is required for various fields, such as medical diagnosis, drug manifacturing and biological sciences. Laser-Compton based x-ray source that consists of a compact electron storage ring and a pulsed-laser super-cavity is one of the solutions of a compact x-ray source. Pulsed-laser super-cavity has been developed at KEK-ATF for a compact high brightness x-ray source. The pulsed-laser super-cavity enables to make high peak power and small waist laser at the collision point with the electron beam. Recently, 357MHz mode-locked Nd:VAN laser pulses can be stacked stably in a 420mm long Fabry-Perot cavity with 2.5kW average power in our R&D. On the other hand, we have succeeded to stack the pulsed amplified laser in the super-cavity. This indicates that the number of X-ray is multiplied due to the gain in the amplification system to synchronize the pulsed pump to the beam. In view of this successful result, we have started an X-ray generation experiment using a super-cavity and a multi-bunch electron beam at KEK-LUCX. Development of the super-cavity and the results of X-ray generation experiment will be presented at the conference.

TUPP159	Dual Energy Material Recognition: Preliminary Results Obtained with the Radio-tomographic System Hosted in Messina	simulation, electron, linac, photon	1881
	D. Loria, L. Auditore, R. C. Barnà, U. Emanuele, E. Morgana, A. Trifirò, M. Trimarchi INFN - Gruppo Messina, S. Agata, Messina M. Carpinelli INFN-Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari) A. Franconieri, M. Gambaccini INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara
	Dual Energy technique is a very powerful tool for material recognition. It typically involves X-ray energy below 1 MeV, thus limiting to few mm the thickness of the inspected heavy materials. However, it would be interesting to investigate the chance to extend this technique to higher energies, to allow recognition of thick heavy samples too. Encouraging preliminary tests performed by means of the radio-tomographic system based on a 5 MeV electron linac have suggested to develop a dual energy technique for high energy x-ray beams. This can be done because first experimental tests have confirmed the chance to vary the electron beam energy in a continuous way. As a consequence, bremsstrahlung beams with different end points can be produced, thus allowing to work with different x-ray transmissions. The composition of two different energies X-ray transmission results, allows to perform material recognition. By means of the MCNP4C2 code, simulations have been performed to evaluate the theoretical x-ray transmission in different materials and thickness. These results allow us to choose two x-ray energies providing the best results in order to perform material recognition.

WEOBG01	CLIC RF High Power Production Testing Program	damping, recirculation, beam-losses, linac	1909
	I. Syratchev, G. Riddone CERN, Geneva S. G. Tantawi SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The CLIC Power Extraction and Transfer Structure (PETS) is a passive microwave device in which bunches of the drive beam interact with the impedance of the periodically loaded waveguide and generate RF power for the main linac accelerating structure. The demands on the high power production (~ 150 MW) and the needs to transport the 100 A drive beam for about 1 km without losses make the PETS design rather unique and the operation very challenging. In coming years the intensive PETS testing program will be implemented. The target is to demonstrate full performance of the PETS operation. The testing program overview and test results available to date will be presented.
	Slides

WEOBG03	The Design of the Positron Source for the International Linear Collider	positron, undulator, photon, electron	1915
	J. A. Clarke, O. B. Malyshev, D. J. Scott STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire I. R. Bailey, J. B. Dainton, K. M. Hock, L. J. Jenner, L. I. Malysheva, L. Zang Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool E. Baynham, T. W. Bradshaw, A. J. Brummitt, F. S. Carr, A. J. Lintern, J. Rochford STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon V. Bharadwaj, J. Sheppard SLAC, Menlo Park, California A. Bungau UMAN, Manchester N. A. Collomb STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. Dollan Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin W. Gai, Y. Ivanyushenkov, W. Liu ANL, Argonne, Illinois J. Gronberg, W. T. Piggott LLNL, Livermore, California A. F. Hartin OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon S. Hesselbach, G. A. Moortgat-Pick Durham University, Durham K. Laihem, S. Riemann, A. Schaelicke, A. Ushakov DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen T. Lohse Humboldt University Berlin, Institut für Physik, Berlin A. A. Mikhailichenko Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York N. C. Ryder University of Bristol, Bristol
	The high luminosity requirements and the option of a polarized positron beam present a great challenge for the positron source of a future linear collider. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest proposed design for the baseline positron source of the International Linear Collider. We report on recent progress and results concerning the main components of the source: including the undulator, collimators, capture optics, and target.
	Slides

WEZG01	Protection Controls for High Power Accelerators	controls, kicker, diagnostics, injection	1921
	J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The next generation hadron accelerators will operate with MW beams or store beams with an energy of many 100 MJ. Machine protection will constrain operation, but some operational flexibility is still required for commissioning and performance optimization. This is a substantial challenge for control systems and application programs. New tools are developed to face those challenges: critical settings management, software interlocks, role based access to equipment, automatic accelerator mode recognition etc. This talk presents some of the challenges and tools. Experience with novel approaches are discussed.
	Slides

WEOCG03	RF Reference Signal Distribution System for FAIR	controls, antiproton, linac, ion	1935
	M. Bousonville GSI, Darmstadt P. Meissner TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
	For the synchronisation of RF systems in the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) synchrotrons and storage rings, an RF Reference Signal Distribution System is being developed. The FAIR RF cavities need signals with different phases and frequencies. Furthermore, frequency ramps with RF frequency ratios of up to 7 have to be realized in all rings. To enable this functionality, the distribution system provides two different clock signals to several locations within the facility that will be up to 1 km apart. By means of these clock signals, frequency generators can be synchronised that generate the RF signals needed for the cavities. For the transmission of the clock signals, an optical network based on the DWDM method (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) will be used. The delay will permanently be measured and by means of the delay data, a clock regenerator produces a phase synchronous and stable reference signal at the end of each transmission line. A delay measurement accuracy of better than 100 fs has been achieved. The presentation focuses on the design of the system as well as the performance of the prototype.
	Slides

WEPC007	Vacuum Performance of the Diamond Light Source In-vacuum Insertion Devices	vacuum, storage-ring, ion, insertion	1995
	M. P. Cox, S. Bryan, B. F. Macdonald, H. S. Shiers Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Diamond Light Source is the UK's new 3 GeV 3rd generation synchrotron light source with a 562 m circumference electron storage ring. At the start of user operations in January 2007, 5 in-vacuum undulators were in operation and a further 3 units have been installed subsequently. This paper describes the vacuum performance of these devices. 3 different mechanical configurations with different undulator canting angle and different pumping arrangements of the interconnecting vessels are installed. One configuration has non-evaporable getter (NEG) coated interconnecting vessels. Vacuum simulations were carried out on these configurations as part of the vacuum design process to predict their performance. Following final magnetic characterization, each of the devices was vacuum assembled and baked ex-situ for an extended period and then installed under dry nitrogen purge conditions, eliminating the need for a time-consuming in-situ bakeout in most cases. After a period of pump down and beam conditioning, the operating pressures in all the in-vacuum undulators were below the target specification and produced acceptably low Gas Bremsstrahlung radiation levels in the beamlines.

WEPD002	Magnetic Design Studies for the Final Focus Quadrupoles of the SuperB Large Crossing Angle Collision Scheme	quadrupole, factory, background, simulation	2401
	E. Paoloni University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa S. Bettoni CERN, Geneva M. E. Biagini, P. Raimondi INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	The vertical focusing element closest to the interaction point of the SuperB factory based on the large crossing angle collision scheme (~50 mrad), must provide a pure quadrupolar field on each of the two beams. This allows to avoid the high background rate in the detector which would be produced by the over-bend of the off-energy particles if a dipolar component were present. Because of the small separation of the two beams in the transverse dimension (only 2 cm) the influence of each winding on the other one is not negligible and, for the same space limitation, a multi-layer configuration is not suitable to compensate the high order multipoles. A novel design, based on 'helical-type' windings, has therefore been investigated. The windings generates the pure quadrupolar field as a superposition of the inner field of the surrounding coil and of the outer fringe field of the neighbor one. The same idea may be used to produce two pure quadrupolar fields with opposite strength, suitable for the final focus elements in colliders, as LHC, where the sign of the circulating particles are the same. In this paper the 2D concept and the 3D model of this design are presented.

WEPD015	Design Studies of Magnet Systems for Muon Helical Cooling Channels	dipole, beam-cooling, quadrupole, superconductivity	2437
	V. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, M. J. Lamm, M. L. Lopes, A. V. Zlobin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M. Alsharo'a, R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn Muons, Inc, Batavia
	Helical cooling channels consisting of a magnet system with superimposed solenoid, helical dipole and quadrupole fields, and a pressurized gas absorber in the aperture, promise high efficiency in providing 6D muon beam cooling for a future Muon Collider and some other applications. Two alternative designs of the magnet system for the helical cooling channel are being investigated at the present time. The first one is based on a straight, large aperture solenoid with helical dipole and quadrupole coils. The other one is based on a spiral solenoid which generates the main solenoid field and the helical dipole and quadrupole components. Both concepts have been developed and compared for the MANX experiment. In this paper we continue design studies and comparison of these two concepts for the high field sections of a helical cooling channel. The results of magnetic and mechanical analysis as well as the superconductor choice and specifications will be presented and discussed.

WEPD028	Performance of the Superconducting Corrector Magnet Circuits during the Commissioning of the LHC	acceleration, extraction, cryogenics, sextupole	2470
	W. Venturini Delsolaro, V. Baggiolini, A. Ballarino, B. Bellesia, F. Bordry, A. Cantone, M. P. Casas Lino, C. CastilloTrello, N. Catalan-Lasheras, Z. Charifoulline, C. Charrondiere, G. D'Angelo, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, G. De Rijk, R. Denz, M. Gruwe, V. Kain, M. Karppinen, B. Khomenko, G. Kirby, S. L.N. Le Naour, A. Macpherson, A. Marqueta Barbero, K. H. Mess, M. Modena, R. Mompo, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, V. Parma, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, A. Raimondo, S. Redaelli, V. Remondino, H. Reymond, A. Rijllart, R. I. Saban, S. Sanfilippo, K. M. Schirm, R. Schmidt, A. P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, H. Thiesen, Y. Thurel, A. Vergara-Fernández, A. P. Verweij, R. Wolf, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva A. Castaneda, I. Romera Ramirez CIEMAT, Madrid SF. Feher, R. H. Flora Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The LHC is a complex machine requiring more than 7400 superconducting corrector magnets distributed along a circumference of 26.7 km. These magnets are powered in 1380 different electrical circuits with currents ranging from 60 A up to 600 A. Among the corrector circuits the 600 A corrector magnets form the most diverse and differentiated magnet circuits. About 60000 high current connections had to be made. A minor fault in a circuit or one of the superconducting connections would have severe consequences for the accelerator operation. All magnets are wound from various types of Nb-Ti superconducting strands, and many contain resistors to by-pass the current in case of the transition to the normal conducting state in case of a quench, and hence reduce the hot spot temperature. In this paper the performance of these magnet circuits is presented, focussing on the quench current and quench behaviour of the magnets. Quench detection and the performance of the electrical interconnects will be dealt with. The results as measured on the entire circuits will be compared to the test results obtained during the reception tests of the individual magnets.

WEPD029	Performance of the Main Dipole Magnet Circuits of the LHC during Commissioning	dipole, extraction, cryogenics, instrumentation	2473
	A. P. Verweij, V. Baggiolini, A. Ballarino, B. Bellesia, F. Bordry, A. Cantone, M. P. Casas Lino, A. Castaneda, C. CastilloTrello, N. Catalan-Lasheras, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D'Angelo, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, G. De Rijk, R. Denz, M. Gruwe, V. Kain, B. Khomenko, G. Kirby, S. L.N. Le Naour, A. Macpherson, A. Marqueta Barbero, K. H. Mess, M. Modena, R. Mompo, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, V. Parma, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, A. Raimondo, S. Redaelli, H. Reymond, D. Richter, A. Rijllart, I. Romera, R. I. Saban, S. Sanfilippo, R. Schmidt, A. P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, H. Thiesen, Y. Thurel, W. Venturini Delsolaro, A. Vergara-Fernández, R. Wolf, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva SF. Feher, R. H. Flora Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	During hardware commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider, 8 main dipole circuits and 16 main quadrupole circuits are tested at 1.9 K and up to their nominal current. Each dipole circuit contains 154 magnets of 15 m length, and has a total stored energy of up to 1.1 GJ. Each quadrupole circuit contains 47 or 51 magnets of 5.4 m length, and has a total stored energy of up to 20 MJ. All magnets are wound from Nb-Ti superconducting Rutherford cables, and contain heaters to quickly force the transition to the normal conducting state in case of a quench, and hence reduce the hot spot temperature. In this paper the performance of these circuits is presented, focusing on the quench current and quench behaviour of the magnets. Quench detection, heater performance, operation of the cold bypass diodes, cryogenic recovery time, electrical joints, and possible magnet-to-magnet quench propagation will be dealt with. The results as measured on the entire circuits will be compared to the test results obtained during the reception tests of the individual magnets.

WEPP073	Simulation Studies of Impact of SPS Beam with Collimator Materials	proton, simulation, single-bunch, synchrotron	2689
	N. A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt R. W. Assmann, M. Brugger, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva V. E. Fortov, I. Lomonosov, A. Shutov IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region D. Hoffmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt R. Piriz Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real
	Over the past years detailed simulations were carried out to study the impact of the full LHC 7 TeV beam on a target to assess the damage caused to the equipment as a result of an accident, especially to collimators and beam absorbers, and to estimate the thickness of a sacrificial absorber that would be required to stop the beam. This study has shown that the target material will be strongly heated by the beam and transformed into plasma. It has been estimated that the beam would tunnel up to 30 m in solid copper and to about 10 m in solid carbon. Another interesting outcome of this study was that the LHC beam could be used as a tool to study High-Energy-Density (HED) states in matter. Using the same tools, we recently studied the impact of the SPS 450 GeV proton beam on tungsten and copper targets. It has been found that the material will be seriously damaged and some tunneling of the beam into the target is expected. It should be possible to validate the predictions with a test facility to deflect the high energy high intensity SPS beam on collimator and absorber materials that will become operational in the next years. N. A. Tahir et al. J. Appl. Phys. 97 (2005) 083532. *N. A. Tahir et al. Laser Part. Beams 25 (2007) 639.

WEPP080	Baseline Design of the ESS Bilbao Linac	proton, ion, linac, ion-source	2704
	R. Enparantza, L. Uriarte Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa) F. J. Bermejo Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao J. Lucas Elytt Energy, Madrid
	The baseline design for the ESS-B accelerator adheres to suggestions made by ESS-I, and seeks to enter a design phase for a machine based upon a 150 mA +H proton beam. Such intensity was to be delivered, as stated in the 2003 Technical Report by a tandem of two proton ion sources of some 85 mA each funnelled after the two beams are accelerated up to about 20 MeV. Current activities developed during the last few years within the CARE and EUROTRANS efforts have resulted in significant advances in both ion source and low-energy acceleration technologies which will surely have a relevant impact on the proposed accelerator design. More into specifics, our current activities are being directed towards the exploration of: The use of a single proton source capable to deliver proton currents of 150 mA or above. Proton sources such as SILHI at CEA have already produced currents of 130 mA at low duty factors. The use of superconducting cavities (spokes, quarter-wave etc.) for medium energy (40 - 100 MeV) acceleration (IFMIF and SPIRAL2). The behaviour of beams extracted from present day proton ECR sources at medium and high energies.

WEPP082	Recirculator SALO Project in NSC KIPT	electron, injection, extraction, laser	2710
	I. S. Guk, A. N. Dovbnya, S. G. Kononenko, F. A. Peev, A. S. Tarasenko NSC/KIPT, Kharkov J. I.M. Botman TUE, Eindhoven
	In NSC KIPT the electron recirculator project on energy up to 730 MeV is developing. The accelerator is designed first of all as a facility for basic research in the field of a nuclear physics. Superconducting accelerating structure TESLA on frequency of 1.3 GHz, developed in DESY, is used for a speed-up of electrons. Isochronous and achromatic system of injection and magneto-optical system recirculator arcs allow to gain good beam parameters on an exit of the accelerator. Channels of an extraction of particles on experimental stations are presented. Opportunities for use of recirculator beams for applied research are considered.

WEPP090	Accelerator Design for a 1/2 MW Electron Linac for Rare Isotope Beam Production	linac, electron, klystron, gun	2728
	S. R. Koscielniak, F. Ames, I. V. Bylinskii, R. E. Laxdal, M. Marchetto, A. K. Mitra, I. Sekachev, V. A. Verzilov TRIUMF, Vancouver
	TRIUMF, in collaboration with university partners, proposes to construct a megawatt-class electron linear accelerator (linac) as a photo-fission driver for radioactive ion beam production (RIB) for nuclear astrophysics studies and materials science. The design strategy, including upgrade path, for this cost-effective facility is elaborated. The 50 MeV, 10 mA, c.w. linac is based on TESLA/ILC super-conducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology at 1.3 GHz and 2K; and consists of an electron gun, buncher and capture sections, followed by 10 MeV and 40 MeV cryomodules containing one and four 9-cell cavities, respectively. Preliminary results from PARMELA beam dynamics simulations are presented. C. W. operation leads to challenges of large cryogenic heat load, input coupler power handling and beam loss mitigation similar to those encountered in ERL-based light sources. Unlike those sources there is no need for high beam brilliance, and a triode thermionic gun modulated at 1.3 GHz is employed; nor are short bunches required, and so the HOM excitation is modest. Many of the major sub-system components have been identified and where possible existing designs will be adopted.

WEPP108	The MICE Diffuser System	emittance, controls, optics, dipole	2761
	M. Apollonio, J. H. Cobb, T. Handford, P. Lau, W. Lau, J. Tacon, M. Tacon, S. Q. Yang OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. Dawson JAI, Oxford
	The MICE experiment at RAL will measure the performance of a cooling channel in a variety of configurations of momentum and initial emittance. Coverage in phase space relies on the MICE diffuser, a system with five different thickness lead degraders, remotely operated in a high magnetic field. Technical issues and degrader optimisation for beam matching are discussed.

WEPP110	Design and Operational Experience of the MICE Target	insertion, beam-losses, injection, acceleration	2764
	C. N. Booth, P. Hodgson, L. C. Howlett, M. T. Mohammad, R. Nicholson, P. J. Smith Sheffield University, Sheffield N. Schofield University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester
	The MICE experiment requires a beam of low energy muons to test muon cooling. This beam will be derived parasitically from the ISIS synchrotron. A novel target mechanism has been developed which allows the insertion of a small titanium target into the proton beam halo on demand. The target must remain outside of the beam envelope during acceleration, and then overtake the beam during the last 2ms before extraction. The technical specifications are demanding, and require large accelerations and precise and reproducible location of the target in each cycle. The mechanism must also operate in a high radiation environment, and the moving parts and materials must be compatible with the stringent requirements of operating in a working accelerator. The design, and the commissioning and operational experience using this system during the first operating periods in 2008 is described.

WEPP119	The International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory	proton, acceleration, factory, linac	2773
	C. R. Prior STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka
	The International Design Study (IDS) is the successor to the International Scoping Study (ISS), which identified a baseline scenario for a Neutrino Factory. IDS was launched in August 2007, with the aim of developing the baseline to the point where a full, technical design report can be written. The accelerator complex starts with a 4 MW proton driver operating at 50 Hz producing three to five, 1-2 ns bunches per pulse. The proton beam impacts on a liquid mercury jet target; pions are generated and are captured in a solenoid channel; they decay to muons which are phase rotated and formed into trains of interleaved bunches alternating in sign. The muon bunches then undergo ionisation cooling so as to be accepted by a linac, two dogbone recirculating linacs and finally an FFAG for acceleration to 25GeV. The muons are transferred to purpose-built storage rings, with long production straights, where they decay to neutrinos which are directed to detectors at distances of about 3000 km and 7500 km. IDS will be developing this baseline design, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and progressing the whole towards a self-consistent scenario for the final technical design report stage.

WEPP120	G4Beamline Particle Tracking in Matter-dominated Beam Lines	simulation, collider, antiproton, space-charge	2776
	T. J. Roberts, K. B. Beard Muons, Inc, Batavia S. Ahmed, D. M. Kaplan, L. K. Spentzouris Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois D. Huang IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	Most computer programs that calculate the trajectories of particles in accelerators assume that the particles travel in an evacuated chamber. The development of muon beams, which are needed for future facilities such as muon colliders and neutrino factories, is limited by the lack of user-friendly numerical simulation codes that accurately calculate scattering and energy loss in matter. Geant4 is an internationally supported tracking toolkit that was developed to simulate particle interactions in large detectors for high energy physics experiments, and includes most of what is known about the interactions of particles and matter. Geant4 has been partially adapted in a program called G4beamline to develop muon beam line designs. We are continuing the development of G4beamline to enhance its graphical user-interface and add other features to the program to facilitate its use by a larger set of beam line and accelerator developers.

WEPP122	Commissioning Status of the MICE Muon Beamline	proton, dipole, quadrupole, emittance	2782
	K. Tilley STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	It is planned to install a Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the ISIS facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This experiment will be the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to reduce the large transverse emittances expected in the early stages of a Neutrino Factory. A new muon beamline has been installed on ISIS, in order to supply muons of characteristic energy and emittance to the experiment. This paper gives an overview of the goals and design of the beamline, the detectors used to characterise the beam, and the techniques and results which have been obtained during its first operating periods in 2008. K. Tilley on behalf of the MICE Collaboration.

WEPP123	Isochronous Pion Decay Channel for Enhanced Muon Capture	factory, collider, dipole, quadrupole	2785
	C. Y. Yoshikawa, C. M. Ankenbrandt, D. V. Neuffer, M. Popovic, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois R. J. Abrams, M. A.C. Cummings, R. P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia Y. S. Derbenev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Intense muon beams have many potential applications, including neutrino factories and muon colliders. However, muons are produced in tertiary beams into a diffuse phase space. To make useful beams, the muons must be rapidly cooled before they decay. A promising new concept for the collection and cooling of muon beams is being investigated, namely, the use of a nearly Isochronous Helical Transport Channel (IHTC) to facilitate capture of muons into RF bunches. Such a distribution could be cooled quickly and coalesced into a single bunch to optimize the luminosity of a muon collider. We describe the IHTC and provide simulations demonstrating isochronicity, even in the absence of RF and absorber.

WEPP157	Lithium Lens for Positron Production System	positron, optics, focusing, undulator	2856
	A. A. Mikhailichenko Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	We represent optimized parameters for undulator-based positron production scheme for ILC-type machine. In particular we describe details of Lithium lens design suggested for usage in collection optics.

WEPP161	Preliminary Experiments on a Fluidised Powder Target	factory, recirculation, collider, vacuum	2862
	O. Caretta, C. J. Densham STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon T. W. Davies Exeter University, Exeter, Devon R. M. Woods Gericke LTD, Ashton-under-Lyne
	In order to achieve higher resolutions the next generation of accelerator facilities is designed to operate with beam powers orders of magnitude higher than that handled by the current technology. So it is believed that the existing target and beam dump designs will be unsuitable to survive beam interactions depositing powers in the order of several megawatts. Good target design is important for the physics yield from experiments and crucial to the reliable operation of the facility. Furthermore the choice of target is strongly associated with the safety and cost of design (i.e., economic viability) of the entire facility. This article proposes a new target technology based on fluidised powder believed to be suitable for application at higher beam powers whilst avoiding some of the problems associated with other technologies. A conceptual system design for the application of the fluidised powder target to the requirements of a future neutrino facility, is presented. The preliminary experimental results presented, show the effect of some of the parameters which are expected to determine the performance, physics yields and reliability of operation of the new powder system.

WEPP162	Beam Impact Studies on ILC Collimators	simulation, electron, photon, controls	2865
	G. Ellwood STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J.-L. Fernandez-Hernando, J. K. Jones STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire M. Slater, N. K. Watson Birmingham University, Birmingham
	Spoilers in the ILC Beam Delivery System are required to survive without failure a minimum of 1-2 direct impacts of 250 GeV-500 GeV bunch of electrons or positrons, in addition to maintaining low geometric and resistive wall wake fields. Simulations were completed to determine the energy deposition of an ILC bunch to a set of different spoiler designs. These shower simulations were used as inputs to thermal and mechanical studies using ANSYS. This paper presents the results of testing carried out at the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK used to validate the simulations. Results from the first phase of testing, in which electron bunches of varying charge were incident on TI-6Al-4V foils, are presented and compared with simulations.

WEPP164	Beam Collimation Studies for the ILC Positron Source	collimation, positron, emittance, damping	2871
	A. I. Drozhdin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois Y. Nosochkov, F. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The results of collimation studies for the ILC positron source beam line are presented. The calculations of primary positron beam loss are done using the ELEGANT code. The secondary positron and electron beam loss, synchrotron radiation along the beam line and bremsstrahlung radiation in the collimators are simulated using the STRUCT code. The first part of the system, located right after the positron source target at 0.125 GeV, is used for protection of super-conducting RF Linac from heating and radiation. The second part of the system is used for final collimation of the beam before injection to the Damping Ring at 5 GeV. The calculated power loss in the collimation region is about 100 W/m, with loss in the collimators of 0.2-5 kW. The beam transfer efficiency from target to the Damping Ring is 13.5%.

WEPP169	The MERIT High-power Target Experiment at the CERN PS	proton, injection, diagnostics, factory	2886
	H. G. Kirk, H. Park, T. Tsang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon O. Caretta, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm, H. Pereira CERN, Geneva K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The MERIT experiment was designed as a proof-of-principle test of a target system based on a free mercury jet inside a 15-T solenoid that is capable of sustaining proton beam powers of up to 4MW. The experiment was run at CERN in the fall of 2007. We describe the results of the tests and their implications.

WEPP170	A 15-T Pulsed Solenoid for a High-power Target Experiment	proton, factory, collider, power-supply	2889
	H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, H. Pereira CERN, Geneva K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey P. H. Titus MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
	The MERIT experiment, which ran at CERN in 2007, is a proof-of-principle test for a target system that converts a 4-MW proton beam into a high-intensity muon beam for either a neutrino factory complex or a muon collider. The target system is based on a free mercury jet that intercepts an intense proton beam inside a 15-T solenoidal magnetic field. Here, we describe the design and performance of the 15-T, liquid-nitrogen-precooled, copper solenoid magnet.

THXG01	SNS Progress, Challenges and Upgrade Options	linac, injection, beam-losses, beam-transport	2892
	S. Henderson ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The talk describes the progress of SNS towards 1 MW, includes discussion of the challenges of successfully running high power superconducting pulsed proton linacs, and also looks forward to upgrade programmes.
	Slides

THXG03	Upgrades to ISIS for the New Second Target Station	proton, synchrotron, extraction, septum	2902
	J. W.G. Thomason STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The new ISIS Second Target Station (TS-2) represents a major enhancement of the capabilities of the successful ISIS spallation neutron source, and correspondingly major enhancements have had to be made to the accelerator systems. As well as providing an outline of the new target station itself, the talk will describe the new dual harmonic RF system for the ISIS synchrotron which significantly increases the accelerated beam current to meet the needs of TS-2, and also the new proton beam transport line which diverts one out of every five pulses from the synchrotron to TS-2. In addition, the talk will summarise the substantial upgrades that have had to be made elsewhere on the ISIS accelerator system to underpin operation for at least another fifteen years, and will address possible future upgrades.
	Slides

THPPGM03	EPS-AG 2008 Gersh Budker Prize Presentation: The Successful Construction and Commissioning of the Spallation Neutron Source	linac, proton, site, beam-transport	2960
	N. R. Holtkamp ITER, St Paul lez Durance N. R. Holtkamp ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source collaboration between six Department of Energy laboratories was a unique arrangement in its mission to build a large science facility, with equally distributed responsibility for design, construction, project management and budget. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with no previous experience in large accelerator construction, was selected as the project site, the team was recruited worldwide, and the management team was exchanged several times during the construction period. The constraints of such a collaboration, a new team having to work together on a complex project, facing demanding scientific and technical challenges, is a cocktail that can easily lead to failure, but also to success, as proven. Was it luck or good management that decided the fate of the project? Can the weakness of such a situation simultaneously become its strength? In hindsight, it is interesting to reflect on how it was done and what became of some of the key players. Certainly this experience in many ways provided the author with a key to face a much larger challenge, namely the management of an international science project shared between seven Countries, called ITER. A project that takes the concepts tried at SNS to another extreme. Comparisons will be provided and some of the unique features will be discussed.
	Slides

THPC001	Synthesis of Optimal Nanoprobe (Linear Approximation)	focusing, ion, controls, quadrupole	2969
	S. N. Andrianov, A. A. Chernyshev, N. S. Edamenko, Yu. V. Tereshonkov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	High energy focused ion (proton) micro- and nanoprobes are intensively integrated to powerful analytical tool for different scientific and technological aims. Requirements for beam characteristics of similar focusing systems are extremely rigid. The value of demagnification for micro- and nanoprobes is the main optimality criteria, and as desirable value are in the range from 50 to 100 or even more. In the paper, we reconsider the basic properties of first order focusing systems from an optimal viewpoint. The matrix formalism allows us to formulate a nonlinear programming problem for all parameters of guiding elements. For this purpose there are used computer algebra methods and tools as the first step, and then some combination of special numerical methods. As a starting point for nanoprobe we consider so called “russian quadruplet”. On the next steps, we also investigate other types of nanoprobes. Some graphical and tabular data for nanoprobe parameters are cited as an example.

THPC006	Applications of a BPM-based Technique for Measuring Real Space Distributions in the Spallation Neutron Source Ring and Transport Lines	injection, simulation, coupling, diagnostics	2984
	S. M. Cousineau, T. A. Pelaia, M. A. Plum ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The SNS accumulator ring and associated transport lines are designed to accumulate and transport up to 1.5·10¹⁴ ppp to a liquid mercury target for neutron spallation. Since commissioning, a dedicated effort has been put forth to characterize the lattice and beam dynamics at low intensity. Toward this goal, a BPM-based technique for measuring real space beam distributions at low beam intensities was developed. Recently, this technique has been used to diagnose and localize a strong source of coupling in the lattice, to verify and troubleshoot complementary diagnostics devices, and to provide data for code benchmarking. Other potential applications of this technique include investigations of single particle dynamics and resonances, studies of injection painting techniques, and possibly measurement of quadrupole power supply errors in the ring. In this paper we present the results of applying this technique to various situations in the SNS ring and transport lines, including the first ORBIT benchmarks of the SNS ring and RTBT. T. Pelaia et al, Nucl. Instr. And Methods, in progress.

THPC040	Comparative Analysis of Different Kinds of Effects in the Nanoprobe	focusing, controls, quadrupole, ion	3065
	Yu. V. Tereshonkov, S. N. Andrianov St. Petersburg State University, Applied Mathematics & Control Processes Faculty, St. Petersburg
	Different kinds of parasitic effects in a nanoprobe are investigated. In this paper we consider the focusing system of nanoprobe, which consists of quadrupole lenses, but some results are also discussed for solenoids as focusing elements. The results of the similar analysis make it possible to design a number of goal-seeking strategies for selecting the optimal beam line structure. The influence of different linear and nonlinear aberrations is investigated using analytical and numerical methods and tools. For this purpose we present the beam line propagator based on a matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. In conclusion, some results of fulfilled modeling are analyzed.

THPC045	Beam Uniformization System Using Multipole Magnets at the JAEA AVF Cyclotron	multipole, octupole, cyclotron, sextupole	3077
	Y. Yuri, T. Agematsu, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama JAEA/ARTC, Takasaki
	It has been known that uniformization of a beam with a Gaussian profile is possible utilizing odd-order nonlinear forces. Here, we investigate uniformization of the transverse beam profile using nonlinear-focusing forces produced by multipole magnets in detail. We show that it is possible to uniformize an asymmetric beam as well as a Gaussian beam utilizing the odd and even-order nonlinear forces in combination. It enables us to perform high-uniformity irradiation at a constant particle fluence rate over the whole area of a large target. A research and development study of the beam uniformization system composed of sextupole and octupole magnets is now in progress at the JAEA AVF cyclotron facility. Some results of preliminary experiments on beam uniformization are also reported. P. F. Meads, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 30, 2838 (1983). **Y. Yuri et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 104001 (2007).

THPC065	Orbit Stability Status and Improvement at SOLEIL	feedback, power-supply, booster, injection	3134
	L. S. Nadolski, J. C. Besson, F. Bouvet, P. Brunelle, L. Cassinari, J.-C. Denard, J.-M. Filhol, N. Hubert, J.-F. Lamarre, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, D. Pedeau, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette
	SOLEIL is a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron light source delivering photons to beam-lines since January 2007. Stability of the beam-line source points is crucial for the user experiments. Typically this stability has to be below one tenth of the transverse beam sizes. This is challenging especially in the vertical plane leading to sub-micrometer values. This paper will describe the position stability achieved today without and with the slow orbit feedback. Impact of different noise sources and present limitations will be described. To end an improvement strategy will be given for short and medium terms.

THPC077	Transportation Channel with Uniform Electron Distribution for the Kharkov Neutron Source based on Subcritical Assembly Driven with Linear Accelerator	octupole, electron, focusing, quadrupole	3164
	A. Y. Zelinsky, I. M. Karnaukhov NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
	Electron beam transportation channel from linear accelerator to the neutron target of NSC KIPT neutron source should provide uniform distribution of electrons on target surface to prevent overheating of the target and reduce thermal stress. In the presented channel the method of uniform beam distribution formation with linear focusing elements and nonlinear focusing elements (octupole magnets) we used. Linear focusing elements were used to provide particle transportation through the channel without losses and to form required beam sizes at the target. Nonlinear focusing elements were used to modulate transverse velocity of peripheral particles. As a result the uniform electron beam of rectangular shape can be formed at the target. In the report the main principles of transportation channel design and results of calculations for NSC KIPT neutron source based on subcritical assembly driven by electron accelerator are presented. Lattice and parameters of focusing elements are presented. Calculation results show that proposed transportation channel lattice can provide uniform beam of rectangular shape with sizes 66x66 mm.

THPC083	Simulation Studies of Space-charge Effects in the LENS Nonlinear Transport Lines	octupole, space-charge, simulation, focusing	3179
	M. Hess, A. Bogdanov IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	The upgraded IUCF LENS beamline is designed to deliver a square shaped 13 MeV proton beam at 25 mA with a relatively uniform density using two octupole magnets for nonlinear focusing in both transverse directions. The space-charge effects in the LENS beamline (without nonlinear focusing) can vary the beam profile by roughly 8%-13% compared to a zero current beam. In this paper, we show the results of simulation studies of the LENS beamline which incorporate the effects of space-charge, as well as, nonlinear focusing from the octupole magnets. The simulations utilize self-consistent methods for computing the space-charge fields, since the beam density distribution can be nonlinear. We also show simulation results for beam currents in excess of 25 mA, which may be useful for future upgrades of LENS.

THPC118	Performance and Future Developments of the Diamond Fast Orbit Feedback System	feedback, electron, controls, storage-ring	3257
	M. T. Heron, M. G. Abbott, J. A. Dobbing, G. Rehm, J. Rowland, I. Uzun Diamond, Oxfordshire S. Duncan University of Oxford, Oxford
	The electron beam in the Diamond Synchrotron Light Source is stabilised in two planes using a Global Beam Orbit Feedback system. This feedback system takes the beam position from 168 Libera electron beam position monitors, for both planes, and calculates offsets to 336 corrector power supplies at a rate ~10kHz. The design and implementation will be summarised, and system performance and first operational experience presented. Current and potential future developments of the system will be considered.

THPP007	Six-sector FFAG Ring to Demonstrate Bunch Rotation for PRISM	simulation, closed-orbit, vacuum, injection	3389
	A. Sato, M. Aoki, S. Araki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Eguchi, K. Hirota, I. Itahashi, Y. Kuno, Y. Kuriyama, Y. Nakanishi, M. Y. Yoshida Osaka University, Osaka Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto A. Kurup Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka C. Ohmori KEK, Ibaraki
	A monochromatic muon beam is one of the most important requirements to improve a sensitivity of mu-e conversion experiments. In the PRISM project, which searches for mu-e conversion at a sensitivity of BR~10^-18, makes such muon beams by using a bunch rotation technique in an FFAG ring. To demonstrate the bunch rotation, a FFAG ring has been constructed in RCNP, Osaka. The ring has six FFAG magnets and one RF cavity. Alpha particles from a radioactive isotope ²⁴¹Am will circulate in the ring for the demonstration of bunch rotation.

THPP012	Beam Injection Issues of FFAG for Particle Therapy	proton, controls, injection, synchrotron	3401
	T. Yokoi, J. H. Cobb, G. Morgan OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. J. Easton, J. K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford
	Spot scanning irradiation is a next generation treatment scheme of particle therapy. The pulsed beam of FFAG accelerator is well fitted to the treatment. In order to form a uniform dose distribution in the target volume, intensity modulation is a requirement in spot scanning and it requires special consideration in injection in order to realize short time treatment using the pulsed beam of the FFAG. In this paper, injection related issues of NS-FFAG are discussed from the point of particle therapy, especially for spot scanning.

THPP049	Status of Electron Cooler Design for HESR	electron, vacuum, antiproton, diagnostics	3473
	B. Gålnander, T. Bergmark, S. Johnson, T. Johnson, T. Lofnes, G. Norman, T. Peterson, K. Rathsman, D. Reistad TSL, Uppsala H. Danared MSL, Stockholm
	The HESR-ring of the future FAIR-facility at GSI will include both electron cooling and stochastic cooling in order to achieve the demanding beam parameters required by the PANDA experiment. The high-energy electron cooler will cool antiprotons in the energy range 0.8 GeV to 8 GeV. The design is based on an electrostatic accelerator and shall not exclude a further upgrade to the full energy of HESR, 14.1 GeV. The paper will discuss prototype tests of critical components and recent development in the design including the high-voltage tank, electron gun and collector, magnet system, electron beam diagnostics and the magnetic field measuring system.

THPP055	Stochastic Cooling Developments for the HESR at FAIR	antiproton, lattice, luminosity, simulation	3491
	H. Stockhorst, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich T. Katayama CNS, Saitama L. Thorndahl CERN, Geneva
	The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI in Darmstadt will be built as an anti-proton cooler ring in the momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c. An important and challenging feature of the new facility is the combination of phase space cooled beams with internal targets. In addition to electron cooling transverse and longitudinal stochastic cooling are envisaged to accomplish these goals. A detailed numerical analysis of the Fokker-Planck equation for longitudinal filter cooling including an internal target and intrabeam scattering has been carried out to demonstrate the stochastic cooling capability in the newly designed normal conducting ring lattice of the HESR. Theoretical predictions have been compared to experimental cooling results with internal targets at the COSY facility. Recent developments for the HESR stochastic cooling equipment will be discussed. The design of new high sensitive printed loop couplers and ring slot couplers for the (2-4) GHz range as well as prototype measurements with protons in the COSY accelerator will be presented.

THPP060	Simultaneous Extraction of Two Stable Beams for ISAC	extraction, cyclotron, feedback, resonance	3503
	G. Dutto, R. A. Baartman, P. G. Bricault, I. V. Bylinskii, A. Hurst, R. E. Laxdal, Y.-N. Rao, L. W. Root, P. Schmor, G. M. Stinson TRIUMF, Vancouver J. M. Schippers PSI, Villigen
	The TRIUMF cyclotron was originally conceived for several proton beams extracted simultaneously at different energies. Recent operation includes a 500 MeV beam up to150 μA for meson users, a 500 MeV beam up to 80 μA for rare isotope production, and a 100 MeV beam up to 70μA for medical isotopes. The extraction of an additional high intensity proton beam, at an energy between 450 and 500 MeV for ISAC has now been given priority. With the rare ions produced from the existing and future primary beam lines, we will be able to operate two of the existing experimental areas simultaneously. Upgrading the cyclotron for higher intensity is in progress. A necessary goal for ISAC is the extraction of both primary proton beams with stability better than 1% to allow the highest possible temperatures to be reliably maintained at the ion production targets. A successful solution implemented for the existing primary ISAC beam has been simulated to be adaptable for both primary beams, given the particular angular separation between the two strippers in the cyclotron. Progress on intensity and stability studies and the layout of the extraction system will be presented.

THPP067	An Intense Neutron Source with Emittance Recovery Internal Target (ERIT) Using Ionization Cooling	proton, emittance, accumulation, storage-ring	3512
	Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka M. Muto FFAG DDS Research Organization, Tokyo K. Okabe University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fului
	An intense neutron source with emittance recovery internal target (ERIT) using ionization cooler ring has been developed at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The neutron source consists of a 11MeV H^- linac and a FFAG storage ring. A thin (10micron) Be target is placed in the ring. In order to reduce an emittance growth caused by multiple scattering at the target, an ionization cooling with a low frequency and high voltage RF cavity is utilized. The beam is expected to be survived for more than 500 turns in the ring, which can increase beam efficiency largely to reduce an injected beam current.

THPP073	Performance of the SNS Front End and Warm Linac	linac, beam-losses, kicker, radiation	3530
	A. V. Aleksandrov, C. K. Allen, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, J. Galambos, J. A. Holmes, D.-O. Jeon, T. A. Pelaia, M. A. Plum, A. P. Shishlo, M. P. Stockli, Y. Zhang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator systems will deliver a 1.0 GeV, 1.4 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron scattering research. The accelerator complex consists of an H^- injector, capable of producing one-ms-long pulses at 60 Hz repetition rate with 38 mA peak current, a 1 GeV linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated transport lines. The 2.5 MeV beam from the Front End is accelerated to 86 MeV in the Drift Tube Linac, then to 185 MeV in a Coupled-Cavity Linac and finally to 1 GeV in the Superconducting Linac. With the completion of beam commissioning, the accelerator complex began operation in June 2006 and beam power is being gradually ramped up toward the design goal. Operational experience with the injector and linac will be presented including chopper performance, longitudinal beam dynamics study, and the results of a beam loss study.

THPP074	Optimal Design of a High Current MEBT with Chopper	kicker, emittance, focusing, beam-transport	3533
	A. V. Aleksandrov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Many existing and proposed projects require a certain temporal structure imposed on the beam pulse, e.g., creating gaps for low-loss extraction from a circular accelerator. Usually it is achieved using chopper systems. In order to reduce average beam power on the target and simplify kicker requirements chopper system is located in a lower energy part of the accelerator, typically in the medium energy transport line (MEBT) between the RFQ and the linac. Many of the MEBT layouts, proposed and in use, look very much alike and try to achieve a compromise between two opposing requirements of providing strong transverse focusing and sufficiently long empty drifts for the kickers. As a result, both requirements are not fully satisfied leading to space charge induced emittance increase and very challenging technical specifications for the kicker and its power supply. These difficulties quickly increase with the beam current. We propose a different MEBT layout, which does not compromise quality of beam transport and allows space for a kicker with any reasonable parameters. A generic design of a 5.5m long MEBT transporting 100mA with emittance increase of less than 5% is shown as an example.

THPP079	Design of the High Current Linac of SPES Project	linac, rfq, klystron, beam-transport	3545
	A. Pisent, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, A. Palmieri, P. A. Posocco INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova F. Grespan Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano
	The proposed driver, composed by a four vanes RFQ and an Alvarez DTL, generates a high intensity beam, for an average current of 1.5 mA and an energy of 43 MeV, upgradable to 95 MeV. The high rep rate (50 Hz) is necessary for the correct mechanical behavior of the target. The accelerator is composed by the source TRIPS, built at LNS and now in operation at LNL, by the RFQ of TRASCO research program (5 MeV 30 mA), very advanced in the construction, and by a normal conducting Drift Tube Linac (DTL). This last accelerating structure is the same proposed for LINAC4 at CERN. A prototype of this structure, of interest for both projects, is in construction in Italy with the joint effort of CERN and LNL. The RFQ and the two tanks of the DTL are fed by 3 klystrons; the first one, with a power of 1.3 MW, is already at LNL, while the other two with a power of 2.5 MW each are the same adopted for LINAC4. The power supply of the RF system (50 Hz 0.6 ms) has been evaluated in details on the bases of the system in operation for the Japanese project JPARC. This paper illustrates the physical design and beam dynamics studies of this linac.

THPP082	Residual Activity Induced by High-energy Heavy Ions in Stainless Steel and Copper	ion, beam-losses, proton, simulation	3551
	I. Strasik, I. Hofmann, E. Kozlova, E. Mustafin GSI, Darmstadt L. N. Latysheva, N. Sobolevskiy RAS/INR, Moscow M. Pavlovic STU, Bratislava A. Smolyakov ITEP, Moscow
	The activation of accelerator structures due to beam loss is already intensity limiting problem for existing (SNS or RHIC) and planned (LHC or FAIR) hadron facilities. While beam-losses of 1 W/m are recognized as a tolerable beam-loss level for proton machines, the beam-loss tolerances for high-power heavy-ion accelerators have not yet been quantified. In this work the residual activity was calculated by Monte-Carlo particle transport codes and compared with experimental data. Simulations were performed for projectiles from proton to uranium. Experiments were performed with uranium ions at 120, 500 and 950 MeV/u irradiating copper and stainless steel targets. It was found that the isotope inventory contributing over 90% to the total activity does not depend on the projectile species, it depends only on the target material and projectile energy. This allowed establishing a scaling law for induced activity as a function of ion mass. The activity per nucleon induced by ion scales down with increasing ion mass. For example, 1 GeV/u uranium ion induces 5-times less activity per nucleon compared to 1 GeV proton. The beam-loss criteria for different projectile species are presented.

THPP083	Megawatt Upgrades for the ISIS Facility	linac, synchrotron, injection, space-charge	3554
	J. W.G. Thomason, D. J. Adams, D. J.S. Findlay, I. S.K. Gardner, B. Jones, A. P. Letchford, S. J. Payne, B. G. Pine, A. Seville, C. M. Warsop, R. E. Williamson STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon D. C. Plostinar, C. R. Prior, G. H. Rees STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Presently, it runs at beam powers of 0.2 MW, with upgrades in place to supply increased powers for the new Second Target Station due to start operation in autumn 2008. This paper outlines schemes for major upgrades to the facility in the megawatt regime, with options for 1, 2 and 5 MW. The ideas centre around new 3.2 GeV RCS designs that can be employed to increase the energy of the existing ISIS beam to provide powers of ~1 MW or, possibly as a second upgrade stage, accumulate and accelerate beam from a new 0.8 GeV linac for 2-5 MW beams. Summaries of ring designs are presented, along with studies and simulations to assess the key loss mechanisms that will impose intensity limitations. Important factors include injection, RF systems, instabilities, longitudinal and transverse space charge.

THPP085	Status of the SNS Ring Power Ramp Up	beam-losses, injection, extraction, linac	3560
	M. A. Plum, A. V. Aleksandrov, C. K. Allen, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, J. Galambos, J. A. Holmes, D.-O. Jeon, T. A. Pelaia, A. P. Shishlo, Y. Zhang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Beam was first circulated in the SNS ring in January 2006. Since that time we have been working to raise the beam power to the design value of 1.4 MW. In general the power ramp up has been proceeding very well, but several issues have been uncovered. Examples include poor transmission of the waste beams in the injection dump beam line, cross-plane coupling in the ring to target beam transport line, and higher-than-expected peak densities in the ring to target transport. In this paper we will discuss these issues and present an overall status of the ring and the transport beam lines.

THPP086	Diamond Stripper Foil Experience at SNS and PSR	beam-losses, injection, plasma, electron	3563
	R. W. Shaw, Y.-J. Chen, R. L. Coleman, D. M. Gardner, C. Luck, A. G. McDermott, M. A. Plum, L. L. Wilson ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee M. J. Borden, T. Spickermann LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico C. S. Feigerle University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
	The SNS is currently operating at about 15% of the 1.4 MW design power, and the diamond stripper foils developed at ORNL continue to perform well. Several corrugated, nanocrystalline diamond stripping foils have been tested at SNS. Beyond about 300 C of injected charge, significant distortion and darkening of the foils is observed. These foils are currently limited in freestanding area to about 17x25 mm due to stress-induced tears in larger foils; this limit positions the residual silicon wafer mounting handle close enough to the circulating beam that additional losses have been observed. The PSR experience with these diamond foils has been promising, with the interesting observation that both the foil current due to secondary emission of electrons and the thermionic foil current are reduced for diamond foils relative to LANL/KEK foils. For comparable thickness foils, losses due to the Ho yield also appear to be higher for diamond. A recent development in our foil preparation has been a change to nano-seeded nucleation from the earlier microcrystal slurry ultrasonic abrasion technique. This has led to a more reproducible and uniform foil morphology with smaller crystallites.

THPP091	One Nano-second Bunch Compressor for High Intense Proton Beam	dipole, proton, linac, kicker	3578
	L. P. Chau, M. Droba, N. S. Joshi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	About ten bunches of 2MeV proton rf-linac with an average current of 150mA at 175 MHz will be deflected by kicker on different paths into a magnetic bending system. Passing this optimized geometry they approach each other longitudinaly (βλ = 0.114m) and arrive at the same time at the focus of the dipole system. For longitudinal focussing of the merged bunches a rebuncher cavity is included in the bending system. The motivation and the layout of the whole project, "Frankfurter Neutronen Quelle am Stern-Gerlach Zentrum" (FRANZ), were presented in details in previous conferences,. More accurate investigation results in a revision of the preliminary concept. For a theoretical proof of principle one trajectory with the biggest path length of a new geometry is calculated by a multi particle beam dynamics program (LORASR). Preliminary investigations showed, that magnetic fringing fields and bunch-bunch interactions have to be included as detailed as posible in the beam simulations. In this paper the beam dynamics results from LORASR-simulations, the new geometry and the code development for the bunch compressor are discussed in details. L. P. Chau et al. Proc. of the Eur. Part. Acc. Conf., Edinburgh (2006), 1690-1692. **O. Meusel et al. Proc. of the Lin. Acc. Conf., Knoxville (2006), MOPO51, 159-161.

THPP093	Conceptual Design of the PEFP Beam Line	proton, vacuum, linac, shielding	3581
	I.-S. Hong, Y.-S. Cho, B. H. Choi, B. Chung, J.-H. Jang, H. S. Kim, K. R. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, S. P. Yun KAERI, Daejon
	In the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP), 20MeV and 100MeV proton beams from a 100MeV proton liner accelerator will be supplied to users for proton beam applications. Switch magnets will share the beam to three directions, two fixed beam lines and one AC magnet. The two fixed beam lines will be used for isotope production and power semiconductor production. An AC magnet will distribute the beams to three targets simultaneously. To provide flexibilities of irradiation conditions for users from many application fields, we designed beam lines to the targets with wide or focused, external or in-vacuum, and horizontal or vertical beams. As far as possible we designed the simple beam lines to reduce the construction cost. The details of the beam line conceptual design will be reported.

THPP106	Neutrino Beam Line at J-PARC	proton, focusing, beam-losses, controls	3614
	M. Shibata KEK, Tsukuba
	A neutrino beam line for the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment T2K is under construction at J-PARC in Tokai. Construction is proceeding on schedule and commissioning of the beam line will start in April of 2009. Proton beams are injected from the main ring, then bent about 80 degrees using superconducting magnets directing the beam toward the Super-Kamiokande detector. Muon neutrinos are produced from pions produced at the target. Precise beam tuning is quite important in our beam line since the beam intensity is expected to be 750 kW and failure of the tuning system may cause damage to the beam line components. For this purpose, we install four types of beam monitors in the primary beam line: CT for beam intensity, ESM for beam position, SSEM for beam profile and a loss monitor. Specifications and current status of these monitors will be reported. We report also on ground motion in the facility. Since the floor level of the neutrino beam line was observed to sink after initial construction, a level meter was installed to observe the motion continuously as it could be a serious problem for beam line alignment.

THPP107	Lifetime Comparisons of Single and Double Layered HBC-Foils using 3.2MeV Ne⁺ Ion Beam	ion, vacuum, radiation, cathode	3617
	I. Sugai, Y. Irie, H. Kawakami, M. Oyaizu, A. Takagi, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki T. Hattori, K. K. Kawasaki RLNR, Tokyo
	The Japan-Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) requires thick carbon stripper foils of 300-500 μg/cm² thick to strip electrons from the H-beam supplied by the linac before injection into the RCS. The energy depositions upon foil by the intense circulating proton bunched beam as well as H-beam result in the foil temperature of ~1800K. Thus, conventional carbon stripper foils will rupture in a very short time and even a high quality diamond foil will be broken at around 1800 K. Therfore, thick carbon stripper foils with high durability even at 1800K are indispensable for such accelerators. We have developed HBC (Hybrid type Boron mixed Carbon)-foil. We have measured the lifetime of a double and single-layered HBC-foils, diamond (DM) foils and commercially available carbon (CM) foils for comparisons using 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ ion beam, in which a significant amount of energy loss is deposited in the foils. The lifetime of the double-layered HBC- foil (180 μg/cm² x 2) was found to be long 18 and 446 times longer than those of DM-foil (360μg/cm² x 1) and double-layered CM foils ( 207μg/cm² x 2), respectively.

THPP108	Temperature Measurements of Carbon Stripper Foil by Pulsed 650keV H^- Ion Beam	ion, ion-source, synchrotron, linac	3620
	A. Takagi, Y. Irie, I. Sugai, Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki
	Thick carbon foils (>300 mg/cm²) has been used for stripping of H^- ion beam at the 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron　(3GeV-RCS) of the J-PARC. The carbon stripper foils with long lifetime against high temperature >1800 °K are strongly required. We have recently developed a new irradiation system for lifetime measurement using the KEK 650keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator with high current pulsed and dc H^- beams, which can simulate the high-energy deposition upon foils in the RCS. The experimental results from the measured temperature of carbon stripper foil by the pulsed 650keV H^- ion beam (-6mApeak, 0.3ms, 25Hz) and the observed time structure in the beam spot by a photo-transistor are described.

THPP115	The Proposed ISAC-III Upgrade at TRIUMF	rfq, ion, proton, electron	3635
	R. E. Laxdal, F. Ames, R. A. Baartman, P. G. Bricault, S. R. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, M. Trinczek, F. Yan TRIUMF, Vancouver
	Presently, the ISAC facility produces radioactive ions by a single driver beam of up to 100microA of 500MeV protons (50kW) impinging on either of two production targets which are configured such that only one radioactive ion beam (RIB) is available for use at any one time; and the experimental hours are shared between several facilities in the low energy and two accelerated beam experimental areas. The ISAC-III upgrade is proposed to increase the number of RIBs simultaneously available to three. The upgrade involves the addition of a high power electron linac, 50MeV/10mA, that would irradiate one of two new independent targets and produce RIBs through photo-fission. A second beamline from the existing cyclotron would deliver an additional 500MeV 200microA proton beam to the new target area to irradiate the second target producing the third simultaneous beam. The proposal includes an additional post-accelerator front-end to augment the existing infrastructure to provide the capability of accelerating two of the RIBs simultaneously. The paper summarizes the upgrade and discusses design choices to optimize nuclide availability across the three experimental areas.

THPP137	Development of Vacuum Components for XFEL/SPring-8	vacuum, undulator, ion, cathode	3682
	T. Bizen RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
	Several new vacuum components have been developed for the XFEL/SPring-8 project. Vacuum waveguide flanges for C-band and S-band were successfully developed. These flanges provide both RF seal and vacuum seal. This seal mechanism can make vacuum seal even with a scratched gasket. A solid-lubricated clean bolt was developed for C-band and S-band flanges to avoid organic dust pollution that induce multipactor. New vacuum flange for accelerator beam line can use three types of gasket. A small RF contact for 28 mm inside diameter bellows was developed. This unfixed RF contact can move freely in all directions and displaced large.