EPAC08 - List of Keywords (emittance)

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emittance

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYAGM01	Review of DESY FEL Activities	radiation, electron, undulator, laser	7
	J. Rossbach Uni HH, Hamburg J. Rossbach DESY, Hamburg
	A general overview will be given of DESY FEL activities. Overview of the technological upgrades and results of beam commissioning of the FLASH FEL. The talk will cover the latest results from FLASH at the shortest wavelengths. A description will be given of critical systems and performance. The status of the XFEL will be given, including integration of FLASH technology.
	Slides

MOZAG01	Simulations of the Emittance Compensation in Photoinjectors and Comparison with SPARC Measurements	simulation, gun, linac, space-charge	21
	C. Ronsivalle, L. Giannessi, M. Quattromini ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) A. Bacci, A. R. Rossi, L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano E. Chiadroni, M. Ferrario, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, B. Marchetti, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, C. Vaccarezza INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Cianchi INFN-Roma II, Roma
	FEL photoinjectors are based on the emittance compensation process, by which a high brightness beam can be accelerated without degradation. The experimental results obtained in the SPARC facility for which the beam dynamics has been extensively simulated confirm the theoretical predictions. The paper illustrates the most relevant beam dynamics results as well as a comparison between simulations and measurements.
	Slides

MOZCG01	Top-Up Operation in Light Sources	injection, storage-ring, booster, single-bunch	36
	H. Ohkuma JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
	The top-up operation for user experiments has been performed at several light sources, and at most of the new light sources the top-up operation is considered in their design phase. In this paper, an overview of the top-up status in light sources is presented, including the performance of injectors for top-up in light sources, technological aspects, examples and operational data from existing machines and proposed upgrades, etc.
	Slides

MOZBM01	High Intensity and Low Emittance Guns	gun, electron, cathode, laser	46
	P. M. Michelato INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI)
	High intensity or high-brilliance, low emittance electron beams are needed for many applications, ranging from SASE FELs to fast radiolysis systems, from Compton backscattering X ray sources to energy recovery linac, from CW FELs to the linear collider. They are produced using a high field RF accelerating structure together with a photoemissive electron source: the rapid acceleration process minimizes the space charge effects which tend to spoil the emitted beam characteristics. The talk will review the technology and provide the important parameters of these sources as the generated bunch charge, the repetition rate, the mean and peak current, the beam emittance, etc, together with an analysis of gun reliability and technological challenges. I will present the state of the art of the technology of the RF guns, either using metallic or semiconductor photoemitters. New high repetition rate/CW sources, appearing in the last years, using superconducting cavities, will be also reviewed.
	Slides

MOPC010	Injector System for X-ray FEL at SPring-8	gun, bunching, linac, electron	85
	H. Hanaki, T. Asaka, H. Ego, H. Kimura, T. Kobayashi, S. Suzuki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken T. Hara, A. Higashiya, T. Inagaki, N. Kumagai, H. Maesaka, Y. Otake, T. Shintake, H. Tanaka, K. Togawa RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
	The SPring-8 X-FEL based on the SASE process has been developed to generate X-rays of 0.1 nm by the combination of an 8 GeV high gradient linac (400 m) and a mini-gap undulator of in-vacuum type (90 m). The design goals of the slice beam emittance and peak current at the end of the linac are 1 π mm mrad and 3 kA, respectively. The injector of the linac generates an electron beam of 1 nC, accelerates it up to 30 MeV, and compresses its bunch length down to 20 ps step by step. The injector has been designed on the basis of the SCSS test accelerator. We adopted the following keys to toward the goals: A 500 kV thermionic gun (CeB6) without a control grid ejecting a beam holding the low rms emittance of 1.1 π mm mrad, a beam deflector downstream gating the beam to form a bunch of a 1 ns length, multi-stage RF structures (238, 476 and 1428 MHz) bunching and accelerating the beam gradually to maintain the initial emittance, and extra RF cavities of 1428 and 5712 MHz linearizing the energy chirp of the beam bunch to achieve the bunch compression resulting the required peak current.

MOPC012	PSI XFEL Simulations with SIMPLEX and GENESIS	undulator, simulation, electron, radiation	91
	V. G. Khachatryan, V. M. Tsakanov CANDLE, Yerevan R. J. Bakker PSI, Villigen V. V. Sahakyan, A. Tarloyan YSU, Yerevan
	The numerical simulation results of the SASE FEL process for PSI XFEL project are presented. The main purpose of the investigations using FEL simulation codes SIMPLEX and GENESIS is the reliable definition of the undulators design parameters (K value, period, segment length, number of segments) that provide desirable radiation characteristics such as wavelength, bandwidth, saturation length, peak power and the brightness.

MOPC015	Start-to-End Simulations of the PSI 250 MeV Injector Test Facility	gun, linac, booster, simulation	100
	Y. Kim, A. Adelmann, R. J. Bakker, M. Dehler, R. Ganter, T. Garvey, A. Oppelt, M. Pedrozzi, J.-Y. Raguin, L. Rivkin, A. Streun, F. Stulle, A. F. Wrulich PSI, Villigen
	From 2003, PSI has been investigating the advanced Low Emittance Gun (LEG) based 6 GeV PSI XFEL facility to supply coherent, ultra-bright, and ultra-fast XFEL photon beams covering from 0.1 nm to 10 nm. To build whole facility within a 800 m space, required beam parameters in front of undulators are challenging. For the first two FEL beamlines (FEL 1 and FEL 2), the required normalized slice emittance, slice energy spread, and peak current are about 0.2 mm.mrd, 0.6 MeV, and 1.5 kA, respectively. However, the required beam parameters for the third FEL beamline (FEL 3) covering 1 nm to 10 nm are somewhat flexible. Therefore PSI has been developing two different gun technologies. The 1 MV high gradient pulsed diode and field emission based advanced LEG will be used for first two FEL beamlines, while the CTF3 gun type V based conventional RF photoinjector will be used for the third FEL beamline. To test those two injector technologies, a dedicated 250 MeV injector test facility will be constructed at PSI from 2008. In this paper, we describe beam dynamics in two accelerator optimizations of the CTF3 RF gun based 250 MeV injector test facility for the PSI XFEL project.

MOPC019	Velocity Bunching at FLASH	bunching, electron, simulation, gun	112
	T. Limberg, B. Beutner, W. Decking, M. Huening, M. Krasilnikov, M. Vogt DESY, Hamburg O. Grimm Uni HH, Hamburg
	The vacuum-ultra-violet free electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) is a linac driven SASE-FEL. High peak currents are, in routine operation, produced using magnetic bunch compression chicanes. Longitudinal dispersion in these chicanes allow bunch length changes of relativistic electron beams. For low energy electron beams (~5 MeV), the velocity dependence on electron energy can be utilized for bunch compression. Since strong bunch compression at low beam energies gives rise to strong space charge interactions which has an impact on, for instance, beam emittance and is therefore not suitable for full compression to the kA peak currents needed for SASE operation. Moderate velocity bunching, however, might be used to optimize the total bunch compression system of FLASH or the European XFEL. Experiments on the velocity bunching process at FLASH are presented here. Results on bunch length and transverse emittance measurements are discussed and compared with numerical tracking calculations.

MOPC023	ARC-EN-CIEL Beam Dynamics	laser, brightness, gun, space-charge	115
	A. Loulergue, M.-E. Couprie SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette C. Bruni LAL, Orsay
	ARC-EN-CIEL project is based on a CW 1.3 GHz superconducting linac accelerator delivering high charge, subpicosecond and low emittance electron bunches at high repetition rate. According to the electron energy, it provides tunable light source of high brightness in the VUV to soft X-ray wavelength domain. The project will evolve into three phases: first and second phases are based on high brightness single pass SC linac configuration with a low average current (few μA), while third phase comports recirculation loops to increase the average current (up to 100 mA). This paper deals with electron beam dynamics issues for the single pass configuration in the two first phases from the RF gun to undulators including magnetic compression stages. In the ERL configuration of the third phase, the accelerator scheme and focusing are investigated in order to take into account collective effects as Beam Break Up instability.

MOPC024	Calculation of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in General Particle Tracer	space-charge, shielding, electron, synchrotron	118
	I. V. Bazarov Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York T. Miyajima KEK, Ibaraki
	General Particle Tracer (GPT) is a particle tracking code, which includes 3D space charge effect based on nonequidistant multigrid Poisson solver or point-to-point method. It is used to investigate beam dynamics in ERL and FEL injectors. We have developed a new routine to simulate coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in GPT based on the formalism of Sagan. The routine can calculate 1D-wake functions for arbitrary beam trajectories as well as CSR shielding effect. In particular, the CSR routine does not assume ultrarelativistic electron beam and is therefore applicable at low beam energies in the injector. Energy loss and energy spread caused by CSR effect were checked for a simple circular orbit, and compared with analytic formulas. In addition, we enhanced the 3D space charge routine in GPT to obtain more accurate results in bending magnets. D. Sagan, EPAC06, pp. 2829-2831.

MOPC031	Status of X-ray FEL/SPring-8 Machine Construction	undulator, electron, gun, cathode	136
	T. Shintake RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
	XFEL/SPring-8: the X-ray Free Electron Laser Project is under construction at SPring-8 site, which is aiming at generating 0.1 nm coherent radiation using 8 GeV electron beam. After the ground breaking in 2007, concrete piling has been completed. Construction of the accelerator tunnel will be completed in end of the FY2008, then machine installation will be started. The first electron beam acceleration is scheduled in FY2010. XFEL/SPring-8 based on SASE-FEL, and unique design, thermionic CeB6 gun, adiabatic bunching, C-band high gradient accelerator and in vacuum undulator. To reach 8 GeV within 400 m available tunnel length, we use 64 C-band klystron, which drives 128 accelerating tube at 37 MV/m.

MOPC032	Progress of the Commissioning of the Test FEL at MAX-lab	laser, gun, simulation, electron	139
	S. Thorin, F. Curbis, N. Cutic, F. Lindau, S. Werin MAX-lab, Lund M. Abo-Bakr, J. Bahrdt, K. Holldack BESSY GmbH, Berlin
	In a collaboration between MAX-lab and BESSY a seeded Harmonic Generation Free Electron Laser is being constructed at MAX-lab. The setup uses the existing MAX-lab facility together with a Ti:Sa 266 nm lasersytem used for both the gun and seeding and an optical klystron consisting of a modulator, a chicane and a radiator. The different parts of the system has been installed and commissioning with electrons of the full setup started during the fall of 2007. In this paper the progress of the commissioning of the Test FEL and our initial results are presented.

MOPC033	Sapphire - A High Peak Brightness X-Ray Source as a Possible Option for a Next Generation UK Light Source	linac, gun, klystron, undulator	142
	R. P. Walker, C. Christou, J. H. Han, J. Kay Diamond, Oxfordshire R. Bartolini JAI, Oxford
	In the UK there is increasing interest in a radiation source which would provide ultra-fast (from 100 fs down to a few fs and potentially below) multi-keV X-ray pulses with high peak brightness, in order to study rapid dynamical processes in electronic and molecular systems, complementary to the newly operational Diamond Light Source which has been designed principally for high time-averaged X-ray brightness. In this paper we present the results of our initial studies for one option for a cost-effective, staged, linac based source suitable as a national facility which can act additionally as a portal to larger X-ray free-electron laser facilities in Europe, the US and Japan.

MOPC034	Collective Effects in a Short-Pulse FEL Driver	linac, electron, laser, space-charge	145
	P. H. Williams, H. L. Owen STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire G. Bassi Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire S. Thorin MAX-lab, Lund
	There is much interest in the provision of coherent, tunable VUV and soft X-ray pulses of duration less than 10fs. A 1.3 GHz linac driver concept has been developed, and in this paper we address collective effects in the short electron bunches using start-to-end modelling. In particular, we examine the limitations from coherent radiation and induced microbunching, and their impact on the design of the accelerator system.

MOPC035	PULSE - A High-Repetition-Rate Linac Driver for X-ray FELs	electron, laser, gun, undulator	148
	P. H. Williams, B. L. Militsyn, H. L. Owen, M. W. Poole, N. Thompson STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire B. W.J. McNeil USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow
	We describe a staged concept for a linac-based free-electron laser providing coherent tunable VUV and soft X-ray output with pulse lengths less than 10 fs. Use of recent developments in high brightness injectors and 1.3 GHz cryomodules gives stable, reliable output with very good electron beam quality and flexible pulse pattern. Options for achieving repetition rates up to 1 MHz are examined. We also consider the development and demonstration of novel FEL concepts that access photon pulses in the attosecond regime. The combination of these parameters would open up new areas in femtosecond and attosecond science.

MOPC036	Pancakes versus Beer-cans in Terms of 6D Phase-space Density	laser, simulation, electron, cathode	151
	S. B. van der Geer, O. J. Luiten, M. J. de Loos TUE, Eindhoven S. B. van der Geer Pulsar Physics, Eindhoven
	Uniformly filled ellipsoidal (waterbag) electron bunches can be created in practice by space charge blow out of transversely tailored ‘pancake’ bunches. Ellipsoidal bunches have linear self fields in all dimensions, and will not deteriorate in quality under linear transport and acceleration. There is a discussion if such a bunch is better than a conventional beer-can shape. This paper compares the two approaches in terms of usable phase-space density. Detailed GPT simulations of a simplified setup show that although the pancakes approach requires less charge, it is the application that is decisive. O. J. Luiten et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol 93, 094802 (2004).

MOPC037	Single Spike Operation in SPARC SASE-FEL	radiation, undulator, injection, simulation	154
	V. Petrillo, I. Boscolo Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano A. Bacci, S. Cialdi, L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano R. Bonifacio, M. Boscolo, M. Ferrario, C. Vaccarezza INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) F. Castelli Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano L. Giannessi, C. Ronsivalle ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) L. Palumbo Rome University La Sapienza, Roma S. Reiche, J. B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California M. Serluca INFN-Roma, Roma
	We describe in this paper a possible experiment with the existing SPARC photoinjector to test the generation of sub-picosecond high brightness electron bunches able to produce single spike radiation pulses at 500 nm in the SPARC self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (SASE-FEL). The main purpose of the experiment will be the production of short electron bunches as long as few SASE cooperation lengths and to validate scaling laws to foresee operation at shorter wavelength in the future operation with SPARX. The basic physics, the experimental parameters and 3-D simulations are discussed. Complete start-to-end simulations with realistic SPARC parameters are presented, in view of an experiment for tests on superradiant theory with the existing hardware.

MOPC038	Ultra-high Brightness Electron Beams by All-optical Plasma-based Injectors	plasma, laser, electron, undulator	157
	V. Petrillo Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano L. Serafini, P. Tomassini INFN-Milano, Milano
	We study the generation of low emittance high current mono-energetic beams from plasma waves driven by ultra-short laser pulses, in view of achieving beam brightness of interest for FEL applications. The aim is to show the feasibility of generating nC charged beams carrying peak currents much higher than those attainable with photoinjectors, together with comparable emittances and energy spread, compatibly with typical FEL requirements. We identified a particularly suitable regime which is based on a LWFA plasma driving scheme on a gas jet modulated in areas of different densities with sharp density gradients. Simulations show that in the first regime, using a properly density modulated gas jet, it is possible to generate beams at energies of about 30 MeV with peak currents of 20 kA, slice transverse emittances as low as 0.3 mm.mrad and energy spread around 0.4%. This beams break the barrier of 10¹⁸ A/(mm.mrad)² in brightness, a value definitely above the ultimate performances of photo-injectors, therefore opening a new range of opportunities for FEL applications. A few examples of FELs driven by such kind of beams injected into laser undulators are finally shown.

MOPC045	First Measurement Results of the PSI 500kV Low Emittance Electron Source	laser, cathode, electron, optics	169
	M. Pedrozzi, Å. Andersson, R. J. Bakker, R. Ganter, C. Gough, C. P. Hauri, R. Ischebeck, S. Ivkovic, Y. Kim, F. Le Pimpec, K. B. Li, P. Ming, A. Oppelt, M. Paraliev, T. Schietinger, V. Schlott, B. Steffen, A. F. Wrulich PSI, Villigen S. C. Leemann MAX-lab, Lund
	The Paul Scherrer Insitute (PSI) is presently developing a low emittance electron source for the PSI-XFEL project. The target beam parameters at the source are I=5.5 A, Q=0.2 nC and a slice emittance below 0.2 mm.mrad. The gun concept consists of a high gradient "diode“ stage followed by a two-frequency two-cell cavity to allow fine tuning of the longitudinal phase space. This paper reports on the first experimental results obtained with the PSI 500 kV test stand. The facility consists of a 500 kV diode stage followed by a diagnostic beam line including an emittance monitor. An air-core transformer based high voltage pulser is capable of delivering a pulse of 250 ns FWHM with amplitude up to 500 kV. The diode gap between two mirror polished electrodes is adjustable to allow systematic gradient studies. The electrons are produced by a 266nm UV laser delivering 4μJoules on the Cu-cathode.

MOPC056	Challenges for Beams in an ERL Extension to CESR	linac, electron, undulator, scattering	190
	G. Hoffstaetter, I. V. Bazarov, S. A. Belomestnykh, M. G. Billing, G. W. Codner, J. A. Crittenden, B. M. Dunham, M. P. Ehrlichman, M. J. Forster, S. Greenwald, V. O. Kostroun, Y. Li, M. Liepe, C. E. Mayes, H. Padamsee, S. B. Peck, D. H. Rice, D. Sagan, Ch. Spethmann, A. Temnykh, M. Tigner, Y. Xie CLASSE, Ithaca D. H. Bilderback, K. Finkelstein, S. M. Gruner CHESS, Ithaca, New York
	Cornell University is planning to build an Energy-Recovery Linac (ERL) X-ray facility. In this ERL design, a 5 GeV superconducting linear accelerator extends the CESR ring. Currently CESR is used for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). The very small electron-beam emittances would produce an x-ray source that is significantly better than any existing storage-ring light source. However, providing, preserving, and decelerating a beam with such small emittances has many issues. We describe our considerations for challenges such as optics, space charge, dark current, coupler kick, ion accumulation, electron cloud, intra beam scattering, gas scattering, radiation shielding, wake fields including the CSR wake, and beam stabilization.

MOPC058	ALICE (ERLP) Injector Design	booster, gun, laser, cathode	196
	B. D. Muratori, Y. M. Saveliev STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	In this paper we look at how the ALICE (formerly ERLP) injector has been re-designed to meet more realistic criteria from the previous design. A key component of ALICE is the high brightness injector. The ALICE injector consists of a DC photocathode gun generating 80 pC electron bunches at 350 keV. These bunches are then matched into a booster cavity which accelerates them to an energy of 8.35 MeV. In order to do this, two solenoids and a single-cell buncher cavity are used, together with off-crest injection into the first booster cavity, where the beam is still far from being relativistic. The performance of the injector has been studied using the particle tracking code ASTRA.

MOPC062	Results from ALICE (ERLP) DC Photoinjector Gun Commissioning	kicker, laser, gun, electron	208
	Y. M. Saveliev, D. J. Holder, B. D. Muratori, S. L. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) DC photoinjector gun has been commissioned and the beam characteristics measured. The gun has demonstrated the nominal ERLP parameters of 350 keV electron energy, 80pC bunch charge and ~140 ps bunch length (at 10% level). The bunch parameters were measured at different bunch charges from 1 pC up to 80 pC. Special attention was given to measurements of the beam transverse emittance (using a movable slit), correlated and uncorrelated energy spread (using an energy spectrometer) and bunch length (using a transverse RF kicker) at each bunch charge. The effect of the 1.3 GHz RF buncher on the bunch length was also investigated. The experimental results are then compared with ASTRA simulations. Experimental results obtained from the investigation of several other issues including the beam characteristics in the presence of field emission from the cathode and in the presence of strong beam halo are also presented and discussed.

MOPC063	Characterisation of Electron Bunches from ALICE (ERLP) DC Photoinjector Gun at Two Different Laser Pulse Lengths	laser, electron, gun, simulation	211
	Y. M. Saveliev, S. P. Jamison, L. B. Jones, B. D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	In high-voltage DC photoinjector guns, the laser pulse duration affects the electron bunch characteristics and therefore is an important subject for experimental investigation and in the optimisation of the operation of the gun. Initial experimental study of this effect has been conducted using the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) photoinjector. During the commissioning of its DC photoinjector gun, the electron bunch parameters were measured at two laser pulse durations, ~7ps and ~28ps FWHM. The shorter laser pulse is the intrinsic output of the laser, while the longer pulse was produced with the use of a pulse stacker. The electron bunch parameters that were measured included transverse emittance, correlated and uncorrelated energy spread and bunch length. The experimental results and their comparison with computer simulations are presented and discussed.

MOPC065	Wake Field Simulations for Structures of the PITZ RF Photoinjector: Emittance growth estimations	simulation, diagnostics, gun, electron	217
	E. Arevalo, W. Ackermann, E. Gjonaj, W. F.O. Müller, S. Schnepp, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt
	One of the main concerns in the design of electron guns is the generation of low-emittance beams. One source of emittance growth is the beam-surrounding effect, which can be estimated from the wake potentials along the beam path. For the calculation of these potentials an accurate knowledge of the short range wake fields induced in the different parts of the gun with geometrical discontinuities is necessary. The computation of these wake fields is a challenging problem, as an accurate resolution for both the small bunch and the large model geometry is needed. Here with the help of numerical wake-potential calculations we analytically estimate the emittance growth for the RF electron gun of the Photoninjector Test Facility at DESY Zeuthen (PITZ).

MOPC066	Optimisation of a SRF High Average Current SRF Gun	cathode, gun, laser, acceleration	220
	C. D. Beard, J. W. McKenzie, B. L. Militsyn, B. D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	An approximately 100 mA and 10 MeV continuous wave electron injector is required to deliver high brightness electron bunches for the spontaneous and VUV radiation sources. One of possible solutions might be a Superconductive RF (SRF) gun. Optimisation of the first half cell of the gun has been carried out to maximise the acceleration whilst providing additional focussing through shaping of the cathode region to meet the design specification. In this paper, the cavity design and specification are presented together with some initial optimisations.

MOPC067	Normal Conducting CW RF Gun Design for High Performance Electron Beams	gun, cathode, simulation, electron	223
	H. Bluem, T. Schultheiss, L. M. Young AES, Medford, NY R. A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	High repetition rate (>1 MHz), high charge (1 nC), low emittance (1 micron) electron beams are an important enabling technology for next generation light sources. Advanced Energy Systems has begun the development of an advanced, continuous-wave, normal-conducting radio frequency electron gun. This gun is designed to minimize thermal stress, allowing fabrication in copper, while providing low emittance electron beams. Beam dynamics performance will be presented along with thermal and stress analysis of the gun cavity design.

MOPC068	Preliminary Characterization of the Beam Properties of the SPARC Photoinjector	quadrupole, cathode, linac, gun	226
	A. Cianchi INFN-Roma II, Roma D. Alesini, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, L. Cultrera, G. Di Pirro, M. Ferrario, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, B. Marchetti, E. Pace, C. Vaccarezza, C. Vicario INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Mostacci Rome University La Sapienza, Roma C. Ronsivalle ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
	The SPARC photoinjector is the test prototype of the recently approved SPARX project. It is used as R&D facility to perform accurate beam dynamics studies, comparing measurements and simulations. Emittance measurements at the gun exit and at the full energy has been performed and benchmarked with the simulations.

MOPC071	Development of a High Brightness Photo-Injector for Light Source Research at NSRRC	gun, laser, electron, brightness	229
	W. K. Lau, J. H. Chen, C. S. Chou, G.-Y. Hsiung, K. T. Hsu, J.-Y. Hwang, A. P. Lee, C. C. Liang, G.-H. Luo, D.-J. Wang NSRRC, Hsinchu C. H. Chen, N. Y. Huang, Y.-C. Huang, W. K. Luo NTHU, Hsinchu
	A laser driven photo-cathode rf gun system is being installed at NSRRC gun testsite for high brightness electron beam and light source research. The photo-cathode rf gun cavity geometry has been modified from the BNL 1.6-cell structure for 2998 MHz operation. A 798 nm Ti:Saphire laser seeded 3 mJ regenerative amplifier is employed to produce 300 microjoules UV pulses at 266 nm wavelength from a third harmonic generator crystal for emission of photo-electrons from the Cu-cathode in the rf gun. First operation of this system with gaussian laser pulses is scheduled in summer 2008. Future plan for flattop laser pulse operation will be discussed.

MOPC075	Cs2Te Photocathode Robustness Studies	cathode, gun, vacuum, ion	241
	D. Sertore, P. M. Michelato, L. Monaco, C. Pagani INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) S. Lederer, S. Schreiber DESY, Hamburg F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
	Cs2Te photocathodes are used as laser driven electron sources at FLASH and PITZ. Besides many aspects of their performances, their robustness to gas exposition and the effect of pollutants on photocathode properties, and indirectly on the photoemitted electrons, are a field still rather unexplored. In this article we present the results of controlled exposition of Cs2Te photocathodes to gases typical present in the UHV environment of an RF Gun with respect to spectral response (QE vs. wavelength), and QE uniformity. Moreover, a comparison between polluted cathodes and fresh ones during operation in an RF Gun is presented.

MOPC078	Tuning and Conditioning of a New High Gradient Gun Cavity at PITZ	gun, electron, cathode, controls	244
	S. Rimjaem, G. Asova, J. W. Baehr, C. H. Boulware, H.-J. Grabosch, M. Hänel, Ye. Ivanisenko, M. Krasilnikov, S. Lederer, A. Oppelt, B. Petrosyan, T. A. Scholz, A. Shapovalov, R. Spesyvtsev, L. Staykov, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen K. Floettmann, D. Reschke DESY, Hamburg L. Hakobyan YerPhI, Yerevan R. Richter BESSY GmbH, Berlin J. Roensch Uni HH, Hamburg
	A new 1.3 GHz photo cathode electron gun (prototype 4.2) for the Photo Injector Test facility in Zeuthen (PITZ) was tuned in February 2007. The main difference in the mechanical design compared to earlier guns is a significantly improved cooling system. This gun is also the first copper gun cavity where a particle free cleaning using dry ice technique was applied while in the previous guns the high pressure ultra pure water rinsing technique was used. The cavity has been installed in a new Conditioning Test Stand (CTS) at PITZ in autumn 2007. It has been conditioned to an accelerating gradient of 60 MV/m and more. Dark current measurements have been performed to monitor the improvement of conditioning and to compare with the results from the previous guns. In this paper, RF measurement and tuning results as well as results of the conditioning and dark current measurements will be presented and discussed.

MOPC104	A New Method of Beam Stacking in Storage Rings	antiproton, storage-ring, simulation, synchrotron	307
	C. M. Bhat Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Use of barrier buckets at synchrotron storage rings has paved way for development of new techniques for beam stacking in storage rings. The Fermilab Recycler, anit-proton storage ring, has been augmented with multipurpose broad-band barrier rf systems. Recently we have developed a new beam accumulation scheme called "longitudinal phase-space coating" that can be used for stacking beam over already e-cooled high intensity low emittance antiproton beam and demonstrated with beam experiments. Multi-particle beam dynamics simulations convincingly validate the concepts and practicality of the method. Starting with a proof-of-principle beam experiment both protons and anti-protons have been stacked a number of times using this technique in the Recycler. We present the results from both simulations and experiments. The method presented here is the first of its kind.

MOPC108	AGS Polarized Proton Operation in Run 8	resonance, polarization, injection, extraction	316
	H. Huang, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, K. A. Brown, C. J. Gardner, J. W. Glenn, F. Lin, A. U. Luccio, W. W. MacKay, T. Roser, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York H. M. Spinka, D. G. Underwood ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	A dual partial snake scheme has been used for AGS polarized proton operation for several years. It has provided polarized proton beams with 1.5*10¹¹ protons per bunch and 65% polarization for the RHIC spin program. There is still residual polarization loss due to both snake resonances and horizontal resonances. Several schemes were tested in the AGS to mitigate the loss. This paper presents the experiment results and analysis.

MOPC113	Head-on Beam-beam Compensation with Electron Lenses in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider	proton, electron, simulation, resonance	328
	Y. Luo, N. P. Abreu, E. N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, C. Montag, M. Okamura, A. I. Pikin, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The working points for polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are currently constrained between 2/3 and 7/10, and the beam and luminosity lifetimes are limited by head-on beam-beam effects. To further increase the bunch intensity, we propose a low energy Gaussian electron beam, or electron lens, to collide head-on with the proton beam in order to compensate the large tune shift and tune spread generated by the proton-proton collisions in 2 interaction points. In this article, outline of the RHIC head-on beam-beam compensation with e-lenses and parameters for both proton and electron beams are presented.

MOPC116	On the Possibility of Realizing Shortest Bunches in Low-energy Storage Rings	antiproton, storage-ring, ion, simulation	334
	A. I. Papash, K.-U. Kuehnel, C. P. Welsch MPI-K, Heidelberg A. A. Alzeanidi, M. O.A. El Ghazaly KACST, Riyadh A. I. Papash JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	For some very interesting experiments in future low-energy storage rings it is highly desirable to realize ultra-short bunches in the nanosecond regime. These bunches could then be used for collision studies with atomic or molecular gas jet targets where the time structure of the bunches would be used as a trigger for the experiment. Thus, the control of the longitudinal time structure of the stored beam is of central importance since it directly determines the resolution of the envisaged experiments. Since many years, it has been a significant challenge for the storage ring accelerator-physics community to develop techniques to reduce the duration of bunches. Up to now, all methods that have been developed go along with various difficulties, which can include reduced stored-beam lifetimes. Thus, novel and innovative concepts for the manipulation and control of the longitudinal beam structure have to be developed. In this paper, novel approaches to realize shortest bunches in storage rings are presented.

MOPC128	J-PARC Accelerator Scheme for Muon to Electron Conversion Search	extraction, proton, background, kicker	367
	M. Tomizawa KEK, Ibaraki M. Aoki, I. Itahashi Osaka University, Osaka
	The searching for coherent neutrino-less conversion of a muon to an electron (COMET) at sensitivity of 10?16 has been proposed as an experiment using the J-PARC Nuclear and Particle Experimental (NP) Hall. The experiment is planned to utilize a 56 kW, 8 GeV-bunched proton beam slowly extracted from the J-PARC main ring. The 1 MHz beam pulsing with an extremely low bunch to bunch gap background is needed to eliminate beam-related background events and keep an experimental sensitivity as high as possible. The 8 GeV extraction energy is rather lower than an ordinary energy. The beam size must be less than apertures of the extracted orbit in the ring and the transport line to the NP Hall. Accelerator scheme to satisfy above requirements will be reported in this paper.

MOPC130	Space Charge Loss Mechanisms Associated with Half Integer Resonance on the ISIS Synchrotron	simulation, resonance, space-charge, synchrotron	373
	C. M. Warsop, D. J. Adams, B. G. Pine STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Operation centres on a 50 Hz proton synchrotron, which accelerates ~3·10¹³ ppp from 70 to 800 MeV, corresponding to mean beam powers of 0.2 MW. Beam loss limits operational intensity, and a main contributing mechanism is the action of half integer resonance under high space charge. Progress on studies using particle in cell simulations to explore the evolution of envelope motion, associated 2:1 parametric halo, growth of particles from the outer core, and effects of dispersion and longitudinal motion is presented. Comparisons are made with relevant theoretical models and progress on experimental studies summarised, presently emphasising the simplified 2D coasting beam case.

MOPC132	Acceleration Voltage Pattern for J-PARC RCS	acceleration, synchrotron, proton	379
	M. Yamamoto, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	The beam commissioning has been started at the J-PARC RCS. Some acceleration voltage patterns are tested to prevent the beam losses. The calculation code for the acceleration voltage pattern is usually based on the differential equation of the longitudinal synchrotron motion. We have developed the code based on the forward-difference equation which satisfies the synchronization with the bending magnetic field ramping accurately. This is very useful especially at the rapid cycling synchrotron where the ramping rate is high. The results of the test are described.

MOPC142	Study of the Post Extraction Acceleration Gap in the ISIS H^- Penning Ion Source	acceleration, extraction, ion, ion-source	406
	D. C. Faircloth, M. Whitehead, T. Wood STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. K. Pozimski STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS) is being constructed to demonstrate a chopped H^- beam of up to 60 mA at 3 MeV with 50 pps and sufficiently high beam quality for future high-power proton accelerators (HPPA). The injection energy into the RFQ will be in the range of 50 to 70 keV whereas the standard ISIS H^- Penning ion source operates at 35 keV, therefore the post extraction acceleration voltage must be increased. In order to finalise the design of the FETS post extraction system, a study is conducted on the Ion Source Development Rig (ISDR) at ISIS. This study shows how beam transport is affected by different post extraction acceleration voltages and gap lengths. Beam, current, profile and emittance measurements are presented along with theoretical calculations.

MOPC145	Commissioning of the ECR Ion Sources at CNAO Facility	ion, ion-source, plasma, extraction	415
	G. Ciavola, L. Celona, S. Gammino, F. Maimone INFN/LNS, Catania C. Bieth, W. Bougy, G. Gaubert, O. Tasset, A. C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova R. Monferrato, M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, CNAO) is the Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. It will deliver treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. At CNAO two ECR sources of the Supernanogan type (built by the Pantechnik company according to specifications set by INFN) are installed and run continuously and in parallel, to allow the fast change of the particle species. The two sources are identical and can provide both particle species after a simple switch from one gas to the other, which allows as well to run the facility, in emergency, with only one source. Each source is equipped with a dedicated beam line including a spectrometer and beam diagnostics. Optimisation of beam emittance and intensity is of primary importance to obtain the necessary current at the RFQ-LINAC and then at injection. The preliminary tests have shown the complete fulfillment of the specifications in terms of beam current and emittance and the final tests are ongoing. A description of the source design and performance will be presented.

MOPC150	Modifications to the Analysing Magnet in the ISIS Penning Ion Source	extraction, ion-source, ion, beam-transport	427
	S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford, M. E. Westall, M. Whitehead, T. Wood STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. K. Pozimski STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	A full 3D electromagnetic finite element analysis and particle tracking study is undertaken of the ISIS Penning surface plasma ion source using CST Particle Studio 2008. The existing 90° analysing magnet is found to have a magnetic field index of 1.3, causing beam divergence and contributing to beam loss. Different magnet pole piece geometries are modelled and the effect of space charge investigated. Based on this modelling, three new sets of poles are manufactured and tested on the Ion Source Development Rig. The results are presented herein.

MOPD012	Half Wave Injector Design for WiFEL	gun, cathode, space-charge, linac	469
	R. A. Legg UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin W. Graves MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts T. L. Grimm Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Seeded FELs will require exceptional beam quality. The Wisconsin FEL (WiFEL) requires peak currents of greater than 1 kA with less than 1 mm-mrad transverse slice emittance and 1·10^-4 δp/p at the undulator. To perform the obligatory bunch compression after the injector without allowing micro-bunching will require very smooth bunch energy and density profiles and relatively low compression ratios. An injector which uses a low frequency, superconducting, half wave resonator gun combined with self-inflating, ellipsoidal bunches* to meet those requirements is described. The superconducting radio frequency TEM-class cavities have been in use for more than 25 years and because of their potential for flat field profiles, are desirable as electron gun structures. A Superfish model and field map of the specific gun cavity is presented. ASTRA** simulations from the cathode to 120MeV are provided. A description is given of the technique used to emittance compensate the space charge induced energy chirp while maintaining the peak bunch current. * O. J.Luiten, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol 93, 094802 (2004) ** K. Floetmann, ASTRA, www.desy.de/~mpyflo

MOPP003	Study of Abnormal Vertical Emittance Growth in ATF Extraction Line	extraction, simulation, multipole, quadrupole	553
	M. Alabau, A. Faus-Golfe IFIC (CSIC-UV), Valencia M. Alabau, P. Bambade, J. Brossard, G. Le Meur, C. Rimbault, F. Touze LAL, Orsay D. Angal-Kalinin, J. K. Jones STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire R. Appleby, A. Scarfe UMAN, Manchester S. Kuroda KEK, Ibaraki G. R. White, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	Since several years, the vertical emittance measured in the Extraction Line (EXT) of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK, that will transport the electron beam from the ATF Damping Ring (DR) to the future ATF2 Final Focus beam line, is significantly larger than the emittance measured in the DR itself, and there are indications that it grows rapidly with increasing beam intensity. This long-standing problem has motivated studies of possible sources of this anomalous emittance growth. One possible contribution is non-linear magnetic fields in the extraction region experienced by the beam while passing off-axis through magnets of the DR during the extraction process. In this paper, simulations of the emittance growth are presented and compared to observations. These simulations include the effects of predicted non-linear field errors in the shared DR magnets and orbit displacements from the reference orbit in the extraction region. Results of recent measurements using closed orbit bumps to probe the relation between the extraction trajectory and the anomalous emittance growth are also presented.

MOPP007	Wakefield Calculations - Comparison between Simulations and Experimental Data	simulation, collider, impedance, dipole	562
	A. Bungau, R. J. Barlow UMAN, Manchester
	In linear colliders the collimator wakefields have a significant effect on emittance growth, beam jitter and background estimates. Each simulation code models the collimator wakefields using a different approach and a discussion of the formalism for incorporating wakefields into the particle tracking code Merlin is included in this paper. Using simple collimator types we present the different predictions for bunch shape effects, and also for the wakefield kicks. These kicks are also compared with experimental results from SLAC End Station A.

MOPP013	Coupler Kick for Very Short Bunches and its Compensation	focusing, betatron, laser, radio-frequency	580
	M. Dohlus, I. Zagorodnov DESY, Hamburg E. Gjonaj, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt
	In this contribution we estimate two different effects: the kick due to asymmetry of the external accelerating field (coupler RF kick) and the kick due to electromagnetic field of the bunch scattered by the couplers (coupler wake kick). We take into acoount the cavities and calculate the periodic solution for bunch with an rms width of 300 mkm. The different possibilities for compensation of the kick are considered.

MOPP016	Collimation Aperture for the Beam Delivery System of the International Linear Collider	collimation, quadrupole, extraction, linear-collider	586
	F. Jackson STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The beam delivery sytem (BDS) of the international linear collider (ILC) must provide efficient removal of beam halo particles which would cause unacceptable detector background. The collimation aperture or 'collimation depth' is designed such that synchrotron radiation from the halo emitted in the final doublet passes cleanly through the detector interaction region. The ILC BDS collimation depth for several different detector scenarios is evaluated using a semi-analytical technique.

MOPP027	Placet Based Start-to-end Simulations of the ILC with Intra-train Fast Feedback System	luminosity, linac, simulation, feedback	604
	J. Resta-López, P. Burrows, A. F. Hartin JAI, Oxford A. Latina, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva
	Integrated simulations are important to assess the reliability of the luminosity performance of the future linear colliders. In this paper we present multi-bunch tracking simulation results for the International Linear Collider (ILC) from the start of the LINAC to the interaction point. The tracking along the LINAC and the beam delivery system is done using the code Placet. This code allows us to introduce cavity wakefield effects, element misalignment errors and ground motion. Static beam based alignment of the LINAC are also considered. The luminosity and beam-beam parameters are calculated using the code Guinea-Pig. In the framework of the Feedback On Nano-second Timescales (FONT) project, we describe and simulate an updated fast intra-train feedback system in order to correct for luminosity degradation mainly due to high frequency ground motion.

MOPP038	Optimizing the CLIC Beam Delivery System	luminosity, radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	631
	R. Tomas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York H.-H. Braun, M. Jorgensen, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva
	The optimization of the new CLIC Final Focus System (FFS) with L*=3.5m is presented for a collection of CLIC beam parameters. The final performance is computed for the full Beam Delivery System including the new diagnostics section. A comparison to previous designs is also presented.

MOPP042	RF Kick in the ILC Acceleration Structure	linac, acceleration, focusing, alignment	637
	V. P. Yakovlev, I. G. Gonin, A. Latina, A. Lunin, K. Ranjan, N. Solyak Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Detailed results of estimations and simulations for the RF kick caused by input and HOM couplers of the ILC acceleration structure are presented. Results of possible beam emittance dilution caused by RF kick are discussed for the main LINAC acceleration structure, and the RF structures of the ILC bunch compressors BC1 and BC2. Methods of the RF kick reduction are discussed.

MOPP043	Transverse Wake Field Simulations for the ILC Acceleration Structure	simulation, acceleration, linac, linear-collider	640
	V. P. Yakovlev, A. Lunin, N. Solyak Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Details of wake potential simulation in the acceleration structure of ILC, including the RF cavities and input/HOM couplers are presented. Transverse wake potential dependence is described versus the bunch length. Beam emittance dilution caused by main and HOM couplers is estimated, followed by a discussion of possible structural modifications allowing a reduction of transverse wake potential.

MOPP047	Simulation Studies on the Vertical Emittance Growth at the Existing ATF Extraction Beamline	extraction, multipole, damping, coupling	652
	F. Zhou, J. W. Amann, S. Seletskiy, A. Seryi, C. M. Spencer, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Significant dependence of the vertical emittance growth on the beam intensity was experimentally observed at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK extraction beamline. This technical note describes the simulations of possible vertical emittance growth sources, particularly in the extraction channel, where the magnets are shared by both the ATF extraction beamline and its damping ring. The vertical emittance growth is observed in the simulations by changing the beam orbit in the extraction channel, even with all optics corrections. The possible reasons for the experimentally observed dependence of the vertical emittance growth on the beam intensity are discussed. An experiment to measure the emittance versus beam orbit at the existing ATF extraction beamline is underway. M. Alabau et al. Study of Abnormal Vertical Emittance Growth in ATF Extraction Line, this proceeding.

MOPP048	Fast Ion Instability in the CLIC Transfer Line and Main Linac	ion, linac, electron, vacuum	655
	G. Rumolo, D. Schulte CERN, Geneva
	The Fast Ion Instability is believed to be a serious danger for bunch trains propagating in the CLIC electron transfer line and main linac, since it may strongly affect the bunches in the tail of the train if the vacuum pressure is not below a certain threshold. We have developed the FASTION code, which can track electrons through a FODO cell line and takes into account their interactions with the produced (and possibly trapped) ions. We describe how this tool can be used for setting tolerances on the vacuum pressure and for giving specifications for the design of a feedback system.

MOPP049	Collective Effects in the CLIC Damping Rings	impedance, space-charge, ion, damping	658
	G. Rumolo, J. B. Jeanneret, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Quatraro CERN, Geneva
	The possible performance limitations coming from collective effects in the CLIC damping rings are the subject of this paper. In particular, the consequences of space charge, due to the very high beam brilliance, and of the resistive wall impedance, due to the locally very small beam pipe, are considered potentially dangerous in spite of the high beam energy. Hence, they have been studied in detail with the HEADTAIL code, which has been modified in order to take into account a finer lattice structure as well as multi-bunch effects of the resistive wall wake field. The study aims at setting the intensity thresholds determined by these phenomena.

MOPP055	A Comparison of Tuning Strategies for a Linear Collider Damping Ring	lattice, quadrupole, closed-orbit, damping	667
	J. K. Jones STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Emittance preservation is an important aspect in the design and running of any new Linear Collider design, with a direct consequence on the luminosity of the machine. Damping rings provide the lower limit on achievable emittance, and so are designed to produce as small a vertical emittance as possible, not only for luminosity considerations, but also to relax tolerances in downstream, emittance diluting, systems. Maintaining such small emittances requires that the damping ring emittance is regularly “tuned”. Several methods of damping ring tuning are investigated, and analysed both in terms of their relative effectiveness, under a variety of conditions, and the non-monetary cost involved in implementing and using the various algorithms.

MOPP059	Study for ILC Damping Ring at KEKB	electron, damping, optics, sextupole	676
	K. Ohmi, J. W. Flanagan, H. Fukuma, K.-I. Kanazawa, H. Koiso, M. Masuzawa, Y. Ohnishi, K. Oide, Y. Suetsugu, M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki M. T.F. Pivi SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	ILC damping ring consists of very low emittance electron and positron storage rings. It is necessary for ILC damping ring to study electron cloud effects in such low emittance positron ring. We propose a low emittance operation of KEKB to study the effects.

MOPP060	Parameter Scan for the CLIC Damping Rings	damping, wiggler, coupling, target	679
	Y. Papaphilippou, H.-H. Braun, M. Korostelev CERN, Geneva
	Triggered by the RF frequency reduction of the CLIC main linac cavities, the damping ring parameters had to be reevaluated and the rings' performance adapted to the new luminosity requirements. In view of a staged approach for reaching the ultimate energy of the collider, the dependence of the rings output emittances under the influence of Intrabeam Scattering is evaluated with respect to different beam characteristics such as bunch population, beam energy, coupling and longitudinal beam characteristics.

MOPP061	Non Linear Dynamics Study of the CLIC Damping Rings Using Sympletic Integrators	damping, sextupole, wiggler, resonance	682
	Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva Ch. Skokos IMCCE, Paris
	A class of symplectic integrators with positive steps (SABA₂) is applied to investigate the non-linear dynamics of the CLIC damping rings. The detrimental effect of the chromaticity sextupoles is studied using frequency and diffusion maps and verified with MADX ptc dynamic aperture tracking. The reduction of the dynamic aperture for off-momentum particles is also investigated.

MOPP062	Optics Design Considerations for the CLIC Pre-damping Rings	focusing, quadrupole, optics, damping	685
	Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva F. Antoniou National Technical University of Athens, Zografou
	The CLIC pre-damping rings have to accommodate a large emittance beam, coming in particular from the positron source and reduce its size to low enough values for injection into the main damping rings. Linear lattice design options based on an analytical approach for theoretical minimum emittance cells are presented. In particular the parameterisation of the quadrupole strengths and optics functions with respect to the emittance and drift lengths is derived. Complementary considerations regarding constraints imposed by positron stacking and input momentum spread are also considered.

MOPP066	Recent Experimental Study of Fast Ion Instability in ATF Damping Ring	ion, vacuum, damping, single-bunch	697
	N. Terunuma, Y. Honda, T. Naito, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki Eckhard. Elsen, G. X. Xia DESY, Hamburg
	The Fast Ion Instability (FII) is one of the very high priorities of the damping ring R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) in KEK can provide an ILC damping ring-like beam. A specific FII study in ATF has been launched to characterize this phenomenon for the ILC damping ring. A new gas inlet system has been installed recently in the ATF damping ring to control the ion effect. After N2 gas injection into the vacuum chamber in south straight section of the ring, FII has been observed for elevated gas pressures. Beam size blow-up and emittance growth for various fill patterns are presented in this paper and attributed to FII. Comparison between experimental data and simulation results are given as well.

MOPP067	Coupling Correction Simulations for the ILC Damping Rings	damping, simulation, quadrupole, lattice	700
	K. G. Panagiotidis, A. Wolski Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
	The ILC damping rings are specified to operate with a vertical emittance of 2 pm. To achieve this challenging goal, an effective diagnostic and correction system will be needed; however, BPMs add impedance to the ring, and diagnostics and correctors add complexity and cost. It is therefore desirable to understand how the final achievable emittance depends on the numbers, locations, and performance of the BPMs and correctors, and to determine the minimum number of these components required. We present the results of simulations for the damping rings, indicating the effectiveness of coupling correction for different design scenarios of the diagnostics and correction systems.

MOPP075	Experimental Generation and Characterization of Uniformly Filled Ellipsoidal Electron Beam Distributions	laser, electron, cathode, space-charge	724
	P. Musumeci, J. Moody, J. B. Rosenzweig, C. M. Scoby UCLA, Los Angeles, California
	For forty years, uniformly filled ellipsoidal beam distributions have been studied theoretically, as they have had the promise of generating self-fields that produce forces linear in the coordinate offset in all three directions. More recently, a scheme for producing such distributions, which depends on the strong longitudinal expansion of an initially very short beam under its own space charge forces, has been proposed. Here we present the experimental demonstration of this scheme, obtained by illuminating the cathode in an rf photogun with an ultra-short laser pulse (~35 fs rms) with an appropriate transverse profile. The resulting 4 MeV beam spatiotemporal (x,t) distribution is imaged using an rf deflecting cavity with 50 fsec resolution. A temporal asymmetry in the ellipsoidal profile, due to image charge effects at the photocathode, is observed at higher charge operation. This distortion is also found to degrade the transverse beam quality.

MOPP076	L-Band RF Gun with a Thermionic Cathode	gun, cathode, simulation, controls	727
	S. Nagaitsev, R. Andrews, M. Church, A. Lunin, O. A. Nezhevenko, N. Solyak, D. Sun, V. P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In this talk we present a design for an L-band (1.3 GHz) rf gun with a two-grid thermionic cathode assembly. The rf gun is design to provide a 10-mA average beam current for 1ms at 5 Hz. These parameters match the requirements of both the ILC and Fermilab Project X test facilities. In our simulations we are able to attain the bunch length at 20-30 degrees (FW), while the output energy can vary 2-4 MeV. We will present the results of our simulations as well as preliminary designs.

MOPP078	Femtosecond Photocathode Electron Source	laser, electron, gun, injection	730
	J. Yang, K. Kan, T. Kondoh, K. Tanimura, Y. Yoshida ISIR, Osaka J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki
	A photocathode-based low-emittance femtosecond-bunch electron source is developed to reveal the hidden dynamics of intricate molecular and atomic processes in materials through experimentation such as time-resolved pulse radiolysis or time-resolved electron diffraction. The transverse and longitudinal dynamics of femtosecond electron beam in a photocathode rf gun were studied. The growths of the emittance, bunch length and energy spread due to the rf and the space charge effects in the rf gun were investigated by changing the laser injection phase, the laser pulse width and the bunch charge. The beam simulation indicates that a sub-100-fs MeV electron source with the normalized transverse emittance of 0.1 mm-mrad and the relative energy spread of 10^-4 at bunch charge of 0.1-1pC is achievable in the photocathode rf gun driven by a femtosecond laser light.

MOPP080	Studies of Breakdown in a Pressurized RF Cavity	electron, simulation, ion, collider	736
	M. BastaniNejad, A. A. Elmustafa Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia M. Alsharo'a, P. M. Hanlet, R. P. Johnson, S. Korenev, M. Kuchnir, D. J. Newsham, R. Sah Muons, Inc, Batavia C. M. Ankenbrandt, A. Moretti, M. Popovic, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois D. M. Kaplan Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California D. Rose, C. H. Thoma, D. R. Welch Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico
	Previous studies of RF breakdown in a cavity pressurized with dense hydrogen gas have indicated that breakdown probability is proportional to a high power of the surface electromagnetic field. This behavior is similar to the Fowler-Nordheim description of electron emission from a cold cathode, and it implies that breakdown is a quantum mechanical effect that is characterized by the work function of the cavity metal. We describe our present efforts to measure the distributions of work functions at the nanoscale level on the surfaces of the electrodes used in breakdown studies, and to understand how the RF conditioning process affects them.

MOPP088	The High Harmonics Cavity System for the New Experimental Storage Ring at FAIR	coupling, electron, impedance, bunching	757
	R. G. Heine, C. Dimopoulou, U. Laier GSI, Darmstadt
	The "Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research" (FAIR) will consist of several synchrotrons and storage rings dedicated to target experiments as well as in-situ experiments. One of the in-situ experiments is ELISe, a head-on collision of a heavy ion beam in the new experimental storage ring(NESR) with an electron beam prepared in the electron ring (ER). The vertex is placed in a bypass to the NESR where both rings have a common straight section. To prepare the heavy ion beam for collision with the bunched electron beam circulating at a fixed repetition rate a dedicated RF system called high harmonics cavity system (HHC) operating at a frequency of 44.7MHz is needed. The HHC will be realised as a disk loaded coaxial quarter wave resonator. This paper deals with the actual development status of this RF system, including analytically derived voltage demands, multipactor thresholds and considerations on input coupling and HOM damping.

MOPP090	Incorporating RF into a Muon Helical Cooling Channel	lattice, quadrupole, vacuum, simulation	760
	S. A. Kahn, M. Alsharo'a, R. P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia D. R. Broemmelsiek, A. Jansson, V. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, A. L. Klebaner, G. F. Kuznetsov, G. V. Romanov, A. V. Shemyakin, D. Sun, K. Yonehara, A. V. Zlobin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois L. Thorndahl CERN, Geneva
	A helical cooling channel (HCC) consisting of a pressurized gas absorber imbedded in a magnetic channel that provides solenoidal, helical dipole and helical quadrupole fields has shown considerable promise in providing six-dimensional cooling for muon beams. The energy lost by muons traversing the gas absorber needs to be replaced by inserting RF cavities into the lattice. Replacing the substantial muon energy losses using RF cavities with reasonable gradients will require a significant fraction of the channel length be devoted to RF. However, to provide the maximum phase space cooling and minimal muon losses, the helical channel should have a short period and length. In this paper we shall examine three approaches to include RF cavities into the HCC lattice: Use higher frequency cavities that can be placed inside the magnetic channel, Interleave cavities between magnetic coil rings, and Place banks of RF cavities between segments of HCC channels. Each of these approaches has positive and negative features that need to be evaluated in selecting the proper concept for including RF into the HCC system.

MOPP098	A 201-MHz Normal Conducting RF Cavity for the International MICE Experiment	coupling, vacuum, impedance, focusing	784
	D. Li, A. J. DeMello, S. P. Virostek, M. S. Zisman LBNL, Berkeley, California R. A. Rimmer Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	MICE is a demonstration experiment for the ionization cooling of muon beams. Eight RF cavities are proposed to be used in the MICE cooling channel. These cavities will be operated in a strong magnetic field; therefore, they must be normal conducting. The cavity design and construction are based on the successful experience and techniques developed for a 201-MHz prototype cavity for the US MUCOOL program. Taking advantage of a muon beam’s penetration property, the cavity employs a pair of curved thin beryllium windows to terminate conventional beam irises and achieve higher cavity shunt impedance. The cavity resembles a round, closed pillbox cavity. Two half-shells spun from copper sheets are joined by e-beam welding to form the cavity body. There are four ports on the cavity equator for RF couplers, vacuum pumping and field probes. The ports are formed by means of an extruding technique.

MOPP099	MICE RF System	power-supply, controls, factory, superconducting-magnet	787
	A. J. Moss, P. A. Corlett, J. F. Orrett, J. H.P. Rogers STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory uses normal conducting copper cavities to re-accelerate a muon beam after it has been retarded by liquid hydrogen absorbers. Each cavity operates at 200MHz and requires 1MW of RF power in a 1ms pulse at a repetition rate of 1Hz. In order to provide this power, a Thales TH116 triode, driven by a Burle 4616 tetrode is used, with each amplifier chain providing ~2.5MW. This power is then split between 2 cavities. The complete MICE RF system is described, including details of the low level RF, the power amplifiers and the coaxial power distribution system.

MOPP111	Beam Tests with the MAFF IH-RFQ at the IAP-Frankfurt	ion-source, ion, rfq, quadrupole	817
	H. Z. Zimmermann, D. Habs LMU, Garching A. Bechtold, P. Kolb, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	The IH-type RFQ for the MAFF project at the LMU Munich is integrated into a test bench at the IAP in Frankfurt. The existing IH-RFQ set-up is the second after the HIS at GSI and the first one that can be directly compared to a very similar 4-rod type machine, the REX-ISOLDE RFQ at CERN. The test bench consists of an ionsource, an electrostatic quadrupole lens system with implemented steerers, and several beam diagnostic like a two dimensional emittance scanner, bending magnet and a fast faraday cup. Experimental results will be presented. These tests accompanied with theoretical investigations will be done with special respect to the applicability of such normal conducting RFQ accelerators to the EURISOL post accelerator.

MOPP138	First Test Results from the Cornell ERL Injector Cryomodule	alignment, linac, acceleration, booster	883
	M. Liepe, S. A. Belomestnykh, E. P. Chojnacki, Z. A. Conway, R. Ehrlich, R. P.K. Kaplan, V. Medjidzade, H. Padamsee, P. Quigley, J. J. Reilly, D. M. Sabol, J. Sears, V. D. Shemelin, E. N. Smith, V. Veshcherevich, D. Widger CLASSE, Ithaca
	Cornell University has developed and fabricated a 5 cavity SRF injector cryomodule for the acceleration of a high current (100 mA), ultra low emittance beam. This cryomodule has been installed in the Cornell ERL prototype, and is presently under extensive test. The combination of a high beam current with emittance preservation of an ultra low emittance beam results in a multitude of challenges for the SRF system, pushing parameters well beyond present state of the art. Strong HOM damping and effective HOM power extraction is required to support the 100 mA beam current. This is achieved by placing HOM beam line absorbers between all cavities. Emittance preservation is addressed by a symmetric beam line with twin input couplers, tight cavity alignment and the option of fine alignment of cold cavities. In this paper we report on first results from the injector module test, including cavity performance tests, static heat load measurements and microphonic studies.

MOPP152	Bunch Lengthening Harmonic System for NSLS-II	ion, impedance, damping, injection	904
	J. Rose, N. A. Towne BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	NSLS-II is a new ultra-bright 3GeV 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light source. The performance goals require operation with a beam current of 500mA and a bunch current of at least 0.5mA. Ion clearing gaps are required to suppress ion effects on the beam. The natural bunch length of 3mm is planned to be lengthened by means of a third harmonic cavity in order to provide a margin for the Touschek limited lifetime and for instability threshold currents. The paper presents the analysis of the bunch lengthening in this dual RF system consisting of a 500MHz fundamental and 1500 MHz harmonic system in presence of strong transient beam loading. A conceptual design of a 1500MHz SCRF cavity is developed and design performance is discussed.

MOPP156	Fabrication and Low Power Testing of an L-band Deflecting Cavity for Emittance-exchange at ANL	coupling, simulation, polarization, vacuum	916
	J. Shi, H. Chen, W.-H. Huang, C.-X. Tang, D. Tong TUB, Beijing W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, K.-J. Kim, J. G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California
	An L-Band RF deflecting cavity has been built at Tsinghua University for a planned transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange experiment at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The deflector is a 1.3-GHz, 3-cell cavity operated in a TM110-like mode that delivers a deflecting voltage of 3.4 MV. In this paper, we review the cavity design and present detail of the fabrication, cold testing and tuning progress. Cell radii were left undercut to account for simulation errors, which yielded a higher frequency in the first bench measurement but removed by the final tuning on the lathe. Field distribution on axis was measured using the ‘‘bead-pull'' method and tuned to balance in the 3 cells.

TUOBG01	Observations of Beam-beam Tune Spectrum and Measurement of Coherent Tune Shift at KEKB	luminosity, electron, positron, betatron	962
	T. Ieiri, Y. Ohnishi, M. Tobiyama, S. Uehara KEK, Ibaraki
	KEKB is a double-ring electron/positron collider with a horizontal crossing angle. The crab cavities installed in 2007 achieved an effective head-on collision and gained a higher specific luminosity. Under the new crabbing collision as well as the horizontal crossing collision, tune spectra of a colliding bunch were observed on a spectrum analyzer to study beam-beam effects. The beam-beam spectrum showed strong nonlinear resonant phenomena. Considering the nonlinearity, the coherent beam-beam tune shift was measured as a function of the bunch current. It was confirmed that the vertical beam-beam parameter estimated from the coherent beam-beam tune shift agreed with a value obtained from a bunch-by-bunch luminosity monitor. The estimated vertical beam-beam parameter was saturated on a level of about 0.04, which is called a beam-beam limit. We found that the bunch current corresponding to the beam-beam limit was far below the bunch current used in the usual operation.
	Slides

TUOBG02	Study of Beam Dynamics During the Crossing of Resonances in the VEPP-4M Storage Ring	resonance, octupole, collider, betatron	965
	P. A. Piminov, V. A. Kiselev, E. B. Levichev, O. I. Meshkov, S. A. Nikitin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	The influence of resonances on the beam dynamics in the storage rings is of a substantial interest for the accelerator physics. For example, a fast crossing of resonances occurs in the damping rings of future linear colliders during the beam damping due to the coherent shift that can result in a loss of particles. We have studied experimentally the crossing of resonances of different power nearby the working point of the VEPP-4M storage ring. The observation of the beam sizes and particle losses has been done with a single-turn time resolution. The comparison with the numerical simulation has been made.
	Slides

TUOBG04	A Vlasov-Maxwell Solver to Study Microbunching Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA First Bunch Compressor System	dipole, quadrupole, electron, synchrotron	971
	G. Bassi Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool G. Bassi Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire J. A. Ellison, K. A. Heinemann UNM, Albuquerque, New Mexico
	Microbunching can cause an instability which degrades beam quality. This is a major concern for free electron lasers where very bright electron beams are required. A basic theoretical framework for understanding this instability is the 3D Vlasov-Maxwell system. However, the numerical integration of this system is computationally too intensive at the moment. As a result, investigations to date have been done using very simplified analytical models or numerical solvers based on simple 1D models. We have developed an accurate and reliable 2D Vlasov-Maxwell solver which we believe improves existing codes. Our solver has been successfully tested against the Zeuthen benchmark bunch compressors. In the present contribution we apply our self-consistent, parallel solver to study the microbunching instability in the first bunch compressor system of FERMI@ELETTRA. This system was proposed as a benchmark for testing codes at the September'07 workshop on microbunching instability in Trieste. PAC2007, papers TUZBC03 and THPAN084. **https://www.elettra.trieste.it/FERMI/index.php?n=Main. MicrobProgram
	Slides

TUOCG02	Status Report on the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO)	synchrotron, ion, injection, extraction	982
	M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, CNAO) is the Italian center for deep hadrontherapy. It will deliver treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. The accelerator complex is based on a 25 m diameter synchrotron capable of accelerating carbon ions up to 400 MeV/u and protons up to 250 MeV. Four treatment lines, in three treatment rooms, are foreseen in the first stage. In one of the three rooms a vertical and a horizontal fixed beam lines are provided, while in the other two rooms the treatment will be administered with horizontal beams only. The injection chain is positioned inside the synchrotron ring itself, to save space and to better exploit the two non-dispersive regions in the synchrotron. The injection chain is made by a 8 keV/u Low Energy Beam Transfer line (LEBT), a RFQ accelerating the beam to 400 keV/u, a LINAC to reach the injection energy of 7 MeV/u and a Medium Energy Beam Transfer line (MEBT) to transport the beam to the synchrotron. This report describes the design and the performances of the CNAO complex, and reports about the status of the commissioning of the machine.
	Slides

TUXM01	Ultra Low Emittance Light Sources	optics, lattice, damping, controls	988
	J. Bengtsson BNL, Upton, New York
	The talk will cover the special issues for reaching sub-nm emittance in a storage ring. Effects of damping wigglers, intra-beam scattering and life-time issues, instabilities, dynamic aperature optimisation, control of optics, dispersion and orbit correction. Results and example of upgrades to existing machine and NSLS-II and Petra-III should be given. First priority
	Slides

TUXM02	Performance and Trends of Storage Ring Light Sources	storage-ring, photon, brilliance, radiation	993
	R. Bartolini Diamond, Oxfordshire
	We present an overview of the performance of the latest generation of operating storage ring light sources. Emphasis is given to the comparison of design parameters to the achieved performances. Trends and innovations of established light sources to meet the increasing user’s demand for high brightness and different time structures will be presented. Report on upgrades and improvements will be given including orbit stability, top-up, feedback systems, lower-ID gap operation and a review of the activities for the generation of ultra-short radiation pulses in storage rings.
	Slides

TUZM01	Recent Development of Diagnostics on 3rd Generation Light Sources	diagnostics, feedback, electron, injection	1016
	G. Rehm Diamond, Oxfordshire
	A Review of the most performing diagnostics on 3rd generation light sources will be given. Starting with the target performance specification of recent 3rd generation light sources, the demands for diagnostics will be highlighted. Topics include beam position monitors and their integration, emittance measurement by imaging of the stored beam or interference methods and diagnostic requirements for top-up operation. A survey on recent developments and the achieved performances at different accelerators will be presented.
	Slides

TUPC001	Optics Calculation and Emittance Measurement toward Automatic Beam Tuning of Linac	linac, optics, gun, simulation	1035
	T. Asaka, H. Dewa, H. Hanaki, T. Kobayashi, A. Mizuno, S. Suzuki, T. Taniuchi, H. Tomizawa, K. Yanagida JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken T. Watanabe SES, Hyogo-pref.
	The SPring-8 1-GeV linac has a total of 13 sets of 80MW klystron units. In usual operation, two klystron units are driven as the standby unit. If there's any problem with an arbitrary klystron unit, the beam operation is able to restart immediately by using the standby unit. In that case, the optimization of beam optics has carried out using beam screen monitors. This beam tuning spend about one hour. In order to reduce the beam tuning time, we are promoting the development of the automatic beam optics tuning system. Since the complete understanding of the beam envelope is important, the particles tracking simulation of the linac was carried out by using PARMELA and SAD. Five sets of beam size monitors were installed in the end of the linac for measurement of the real beam envelope. In a beam study applying the simulation results, the beam waist was actually formed at the 10-m long drift space after the 1-GeV chicane section as predicted by SAD. The values of the measured beam emittance were smaller than the simulation results.

TUPC002	Design of a Tomography Module for the PITZ Facility	quadrupole, diagnostics, space-charge, electron	1038
	G. Asova, K. Floettmann DESY, Hamburg D. J. Holder, B. D. Muratori STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire S. Khodyachykh, S. A. Korepanov, M. Krasilnikov, S. Rimjaem, F. Stephan DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen
	The goal of the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is to develop sources of high phase-space density electron beams that are required for the successful operation of SASE FELs. This requires detailed characterization of the sources and therefore the development of suitable advanced diagnostics. As part of the ongoing upgrade towards higher beam energies, new diagnostics components are being installed. An example is a tomography module for transverse phase space reconstruction which is designed to operate in the energy range between 15 and 40 MeV. The module consists of four observation screens with three FODO cells between them. A number of upstream quadrupoles are used to match the beam envelope parameters to the optics of the FODO lattice. This contribution presents the final design of the tomography module. Data from numerical simulations are used to illustrate the expected performance and to compare it to a simplified setup of two quadrupoles. The quality of the reconstruction is revised with the help of different algorithms.

TUPC009	Vertical Beam Profile Measurement and Analysis with X-ray Pinhole	dipole, synchrotron, alignment, lattice	1059
	M. J. Boland, M. J. Spencer ASP, Clayton, Victoria
	Imaging the electron beam profile at a synchrotron light source is commonly performed in the x-ray regime using a pinhole camera system. However, with machines pushing down the vertical emittance, including errors in source point optical parameters, pinhole manufacturing limitations and error analysis difficulties associated with diffraction and image capture, the pinhole imaging system has large errors, up to 50% for an emittance of a few picometre. An analysis has been done at the Australian Synchrotron (AS) looking at the effects of errors in determining the x-ray pinhole source point parameters.

TUPC012	MICE: The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment: Diagnostic Systems	factory, dipole, quadrupole, diagnostics	1068
	A. D. Bross Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois T. L. Hart IIT, Chicago, Illinois
	The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment will make detailed measurements of muon ionization cooling using a new constructed low-energy muon beam at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The experiment is a single-particle experiment and utilizes many detector techniques from High-Energy Physics experiments. To characterize and monitor the muon beam line, newly developed scintillating fiber profile monitors will employed. In order to monitor the purity of the beam and tag the arrival time of individual muons, a dual Aerogel Cerenkov system and a plastic scintillator time-of-flight system will be used. The 4-momenta of the muons will be measured by two identical spectrometer systems (one before and one after the cooling apparatus) which employ a fiber tracker that utilizes 350 micron diameter scintillator fiber. An additional time-of-flight system and electron and muon calorimeters are used to tag outgoing muons. We will discuss the design of the MICE diagnostic systems, the operation and give the first results from beam measurements in the MICE experimental hall. A. Bross on behalf of the MICE collaboration.

TUPC013	A Compact and Versatile Diagnostic Tool for CNAO Injection Line	ion, diagnostics, injection, proton	1071
	J. Bosser, G. Balbinot, S. Bini, M. Caldara, V. Chimenti, L. Lanzavecchia, A. Parravicini CNAO Foundation, Milan A. Clozza, V. Lollo INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	CNAO, the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy, is presently in its final step of construction. It will provide treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. Commissioning of the injection lines will be started by the time of the presentation of this report. CNAO beams are generated by two ECR sources, which are both able to produce both particle species. The beam energy in the Low Energy Beam Transfer (LEBT) line is 8 keV/u. A compact and versatile tank has been designed that contains a complete set of diagnostic tools. It is only 390mm long; it houses two horizontal and two vertical plates to suppress beam halo, measure emittance and eventually to limit beam size. It also comprises two wire scanners, for vertical and horizontal beam transverse profile, as well as a Faraday Cup for current measurement. Synchronous profile and intensity measurements and phase space distribution reconstruction can be performed with one tank monitors. Five identical tanks are installed in the LEBT, as consequence of a standardization strategy to facilitate monitoring and make maintenance easier. Expected performances and preliminary beam measurements are presented.

TUPC014	SSRF Injector Diagnostics Commissioning Results	booster, linac, diagnostics, radiation	1074
	Y. Z. Chen, J. Chen, Z. C. Chen, Y. B. Leng, Y. B. Yan, W. M. Zhou SINAP, Shanghai
	This paper presents Injector beam diagnostics layout of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) which includes the 150MeV LINAC, booster(3.5GeV) and beam transport lines. The different beam diagnostics monitors for beam current, beam position and beam profile are briefly described. The beam diagnostics data acquisition architecture is introduced. Commissioning Results of the 150Mev LINAC are presented, as well as the commissioning status of the booster .

TUPC024	Video Profile Monitors Development for the CTF3 Probe Beam Linac	linac, laser, diagnostics, collider	1101
	W. Farabolini, G. Adroit, P. Girardot, R. Granelli, F. Harrault, C. L.H. Lahonde-Hamdoun, T. Lerch, F. Orsini CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The innovative CLIC concept is currently under study in the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN where the acceleration of a probe beam will be demonstrated. This probe beam, delivered by a linac called CALIFES, is composed of short bunches (0.75 ps, 0.6 nC) at 170 MeV with normalized emittance lower than 20 mm.mrad. Measurements of longitudinal charges distribution, transverse emittance and energy spectrum rely on Video Profile Monitors (VPM) after appropriate manipulations of the beam (deflecting cavity, quad scan and analysis dipole). We report the design, development and tests of these new VPMs based on selectable YAG/OTR screens, optical line and CCD camera. Two selectable magnifications (1.75 and 0.33) are available via motorized lens mounts to comply both with resolution (20 μm) and field of view (10x10mm²). Study of optical line characteristics have been realised with Apilux software and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) were measured. A grid pattern can be inserted at the screens position to check optical characteristics during operations. Tilt of the CCD plan in order to compensate the screen tilt of 15° has not proven to improve the depth of field and was not implemented.

TUPC027	Spatial Autocorrelation for Transverse Beam Quality Characterization	laser, focusing, space-charge, brightness	1107
	V. Fusco, M. Ferrario INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) C. Ronsivalle ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
	Low emittance beams are required for high brightness beams applications. Contributions to emittance degradations come from electromagnetic fields’ non-linearities which can be reduced using a transversally and longitudinally uniform beam. For these reasons the evaluation of the beam quality is a very important task. Concerning the transverse analysis the spatial correlation parameter has been introduced: it gives an evaluation of how beam non-uniformity is distributed. The paper describes the spatial autocorrelation concept and applies it to the evaluation of a laser beam for high brightness beam applications. Moreover the paper shows the spatial autocorrelation evolution along a photo-injector as an additional tool for beam dynamics studies.

TUPC032	Phase Space Tomography Using the Cornell ERL DC Gun	quadrupole, gun, electron, diagnostics	1119
	F. E. Hannon Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia I. V. Bazarov, B. M. Dunham, Y. Li, X. G. Liu Cornell University, Department of Physics, Ithaca, New York
	The brightness and quality of electron beams in linac-based light sources are ultimately limited by the properties of the beam in the injector. It is thus important to have knowledge of the phase space distribution in addition to the rms emittance to provide an insight into high beam brightness formation mechanisms. A tomography technique has been used to reconstruct the transverse phase space of the electron beam delivered from the Cornell University ERL DC gun. The tomography diagnostic utilised three solenoid magnets directly after the DC gun and a view-screen. The injector was operated at 250keV in the emittance dominated regime, and the results showed good agreement to the phase space measured using a slit-screen method and that generated from simulation with the particle tracking code ASTRA. Comparison of various reconstruction methods is provided.

TUPC057	Improving the ISIS Emittance Scanner Software	background, ion-source, ion, controls	1185
	S. R. Lawrie, D. C. Faircloth, A. P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The software to drive the slit-slit emittance scanners at ISIS is re-written in C#. The scanner driver routine is enhanced to improve accuracy, and to allow real-time monitoring of the scanning procedure. A multiple document interface allows quick comparison with other measurements and with data from particle tracking codes. Integrated data processing and emittance calculation removes the need to transfer data between multiple software packages, making experimental work more efficient. A user-friendly and robust interface allows easy scanning and generates publication quality emittance plots for presentations.

TUPC059	An Emittance Evaluation Toolbox	controls, ion, ion-source, simulation	1191
	D. A. Liakin ITEP, Moscow P. Forck, T. Hoffmann GSI, Darmstadt
	A long-time experience in emittance measurements and result evaluation at GSI were transformed into the set of the numerical instruments to perform basic and advanced data analysis for the data obtained in various emittance measurement devices. The common problems and differences between slit-grid-, pepper-pot- and longitudinal emittance data analysis are discussed. Some aspects of non-linear algorithms particularly for the case of non-zero slits or pepper-pot holes are presented.

TUPC077	The 100-MeV Beam Diagnostic Station for the FERMI Linac	laser, diagnostics, electron, undulator	1230
	G. Penco, S. Di Mitri, S. Spampinati ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	In order to transversally match the beam coming out from the injector to the FERMI@Elettra linac lattice, a beam diagnostic station will be placed at 100 MeV. It is equipped with quadrupoles and Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) screens to measure and correct the beam Twiss parameters and to evaluate the transverse emittances through a three-screen technique. Moreover, the second OTR screen is placed close to the laser heater undulator to guarantee that the eletron/photon interaction is achieved at the beam waist. Design optimization studies and simulation results are presented in this paper.

TUPC079	Beam Emittance Measurement for the New Full Energy Injector at ELETTRA	booster, quadrupole, simulation, diagnostics	1236
	G. Penco, L. Badano, S. Bassanese, G. Ciani, P. Craievich, S. Di Mitri, M. Ferianis, M. Predonzani, M. Veronese ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste A. A. Lutman DEEI, Trieste
	An emittance measurement station was set up and operated with the quadrupole scan technique to characterize the electron beam transverse phase space at the Elettra laboratory. The diagnostic station, based on a YAG:Ce scintillation screen imaged by a CCD digital camera, was installed at the end of the 100 MeV booster pre-injector together with a beam longitudinal structure monitor. This equipment plays an important role for the bunching system optimization and for the optical matching of the injection transfer line to the booster ring. Experimental results and comparison with multi-particle tracking codes simulation are presented in this paper.

TUPC080	Fermi Low-energy Transverse RF Deflector Cavity	electron, linac, coupling, RF-structure	1239
	P. Craievich, S. Biedron, C. Bontoiu, S. Di Mitri, M. Ferianis, M. Veronese ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste D. Alesini, L. Palumbo INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) L. Ficcadenti Rome University La Sapienza, Roma M. Petronio DEEI, Trieste
	The layout of FERMI@Elettra will include a transverse S-band RF deflector that will be located after the first bunch compressor (BC1) at 250 MeV. The deflector will operate in a vertical deflecting mode and coupled to a downstream dipole will be used to measure the electron bunch length and in particular to allow time-resolved beam quality measurements such as horizontal slice emittance and slice energy spread. In this paper we discuss the electron bunch deflection at 250 MeV taking into account the principal elements that dominate the selection of the transverse peak voltage specification: the finite transverse emittance, the resolution of OTR screens and the desired number of the slice divisions along the bunch that we wish to observe. The RF deflector proposed here is a frequency scaled version of the 5-cell standing wave SPARC structure.

TUPC082	Research and Development Program on Beam Position Monitors for NSLS-II Project	vacuum, storage-ring, synchrotron, diagnostics	1245
	I. Pinayev, R. Alforque, A. Blednykh, P. Cameron, V. Ravindranath, S. Sharma, O. Singh BNL, Upton, New York
	The NSLS-II Light Source which is planned to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory is designed for horizontal emittances below 1 nm and will provide users with ultra-bright synchrotron radiation sources. In order to utilize fully the very small emittances and electron beam sizes, submicron stability of the electron orbit in the storage ring needs to be provided. This can only be achieved with high stability beam position monitors. The research program presently carried is aimed for characterization of commercially available RF BPM receivers and on the development of high stability mechanical supports for BPM modules. The details of the program and preliminary results are presented.

TUPC083	A Diagnostics Plate for the IFMIF-EVEDA Accelerator	diagnostics, radiation, dipole, quadrupole	1248
	I. Podadera Aliseda, B. Brañas, J. M. Carmona, A. Ibarra, C. Oliver CIEMAT, Madrid P.-Y. Beauvais, J. Marroncle, A. Mosnier CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA cw deuteron accelerator which aims to validate the technology that will be used in the future IFMIF accelerator. It is essential then to implement the necessary instrumentation for the commissioning, operation and correct characterization of the beam properties of the accelerator prototype. To achieve this goal, a complete set of instrumentation will be installed in the last part of the accelerator, just before the beam dump, in the so-called Diagnostics Plate (DP). It must allow the measurement of the main parameters of the beam: current, phase, position, transverse profile, energy, transverse halo, transverse emittance and longitudinal profile. The main challenges of such a measurement are the high damage power of the low-energy cw 125 mA beam, which precludes the use of interceptive instrumentation. In addition, the DP will not only be used during operation but also during the commissioning of the different accelerating structures at 5 and 9 MeV. In this contribution, the requirements imposed to the instrumentation, the type of techniques that will be used and a first conceptual design will be presented.

TUPC086	Pinhole Camera Resolution and Emittance Measurement	synchrotron, coupling, synchrotron-radiation, radiation	1254
	C. A. Thomas, G. Rehm Diamond, Oxfordshire
	Third generation synchrotron light source are characterised by a low emittance and a low emittance coupling. Some light sources are already proposing to operate with extremely low coupling close to 0.1% and thus vertical emittance approaching 1pm. We derive the limits for the emittance coupling measurement due to the resolution of the X-ray pinhole camera. We also show that it is possible to design a pinhole camera in order to push the limit resolution beyond 0.1% emittance coupling. We then illustrate our calculations with the example of Diamond and compare them with experimental data.

TUPC087	4D Emittance Measurements Using Multiple Wire and Waist Scan Methods in the ATF Extraction Line	coupling, extraction, quadrupole, simulation	1257
	C. Rimbault, P. Bambade, J. Brossard LAL, Orsay M. Alabau IFIC, Valencia S. Kuroda KEK, Ibaraki A. Scarfe UMAN, Manchester M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	Emittance measurements performed in the diagnostic section of the ATF extraction line since 1998 lead to vertical emittances three times larger than the expected ones, with a strong dependence on intensity. An experimental program is pursued to investigate potential sources of emittance growth and find possible remedies. This requires efficient and reliable emittance measurement techniques. In the past, several phase-space reconstruction methods developed at SLAC and KEK have been used to estimate the vertical emittance, based on multiple location beam-size measurements and dedicated quadrupole scans. These methods have been shown to be very sensitive to measurement errors and other fluctuations in beam conditions. In this context new emittance measurements have been performed revisiting these methods and newly developed ones with a systematic approach to compare and characterise their performance in the ATF EXT line.

TUPC088	Statistical Weighting of the MICE Beam	target, coupling, simulation, lattice	1260
	C. T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	Conventionally only average properties such as means and variances of charged particle beams are measured. Such a technique is limited in that it is challenging to measure moments beyond the second and certain correlations are difficult to measure. In the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE), the beam rate is sufficiently low that particles pass singly through the accelerator and measurements can be made of the position, time (relative to RF phase) and momentum of individual particles. This makes a number of new analysis tools available. In this paper two particular tools are studied: the analysis of third and higher beam moments and the ability to select an input beam based on such moments.

TUPC089	Robust Emittance Evaluation from Complex Transverse Phase Spaces	background, electron, damping, booster	1263
	A. R. Rossi, A. Bacci INFN-Milano, Milano
	We present a novel procedure to analyze the transverse phase space of low energy electron bunches, close to a beam waist, in order to retrieve a sound estimate of its emittance. The procedure consist in a genetic code and a non linear fit applied in cascade, the first feeding the parameters starting values of the former. This allows us to cleanse the phase space from noise, separate the core charge from the halos and distinguish between bunch components undergoing different dynamics, such as cross over or the double emittance minima effect. Our procedure performs a rough longitudinal beam tomography, based on dynamical considerations, using transverse data. The application of the procedure to some experimental data is shown.

TUPC098	Results of the LHC Prototype Chromaticity Measurement System Studies in the CERN-SPS	controls, feedback, betatron, coupling	1290
	R. J. Steinhagen, A. Boccardi, T. Bohl, M. Gasior, O. R. Jones, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva K. K. Kasinski AGH, Cracow
	Tune and chromaticity control is an integral part of safe and reliable LHC operation. Tight tolerances on the maximum transverse beam excursions allow oscillation amplitudes of less than 30 um. This leaves only a small margin for transverse beam and momentum excitations required for measuring tune and chromaticity. This contribution discusses the baseline LHC continuous chromaticity measurement with results from tests at the CERN-SPS. The system is based on continuous tracking of the tune using a phase-locked-loop (PLL) while modulating the beam momentum. The high PLL tune resolution achieved ( ~1·10^-6 ) made it possible to detect chromaticity changes well below the nominally required 1 unit for relative momentum modulations of only 2·10^-5. The sensitive tune measurement front-end employed allowed the PLL excitation and radial amplitudes to be kept below a few tens of micrometers. These results show that this type of measurement can be considered as practically non-perturbative permitting its use even during nominal LHC operation.

TUPC103	Digital Generation of Noise-signals with Arbitrary Constant or Time-varying Spectra	simulation, synchrotron, target, injection	1299
	J. Tuckmantel CERN, Geneva
	Noise sources in the RF system of an accelerator produce longitudinal emittance increase or loss. This noise is inherent, from the beam-control system electronics, external sources or high power components, or can be purposely injected for a specific need such as bunch distribution modification or controlled emittance increase. Simulations to study these effects on the beam require precise reproduction either of the total noise measured on the hardware, or of the noise spectrum to be injected and optimized to produce the desired changes. In the latter case the 'optimized' noise source has also to be created in real-time to actually excite the beam via the RF system. This paper describes a new algorithm to create noise spectra of arbitrary spectral density varying with cycle time. It has very good statistical properties and effectively infinite period length, important for long simulation runs. It is spectrally clean and avoids undesired mirror spectra. Coded in C++, it is flexible and fast. Used extensively in simulations it has also successfully created controlled emittance increase in the SPS by the injection of artificial real-time RF noise.

TUPC105	Slice Emittance Measurements at SPARC Photoinjector with a RF Deflector	quadrupole, diagnostics, linac, dipole	1305
	C. Vaccarezza, D. Alesini, E. Chiadroni, G. Di Pirro, M. Ferrario, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, G. Gatti, B. Marchetti, E. Pace INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Cianchi Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma A. Mostacci Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
	The SPARC photoinjector is a R&D facility performing beam dynamics studies and driving a SASE-FEL. The RF deflector, completely designed and built by the SPARC team, allows measurements of the longitudinal properties of the beam bunch. Using it and the well know technique of the quadrupoles scan, the slice emittance has been measured in different conditions and benchmarked with the simulations.

TUPC111	Overview of the Diagnostics Systems of PETRA III	feedback, diagnostics, pick-up, laser	1323
	G. Kube, K. Balewski, A. Brenger, H. T. Duhme, V. Gharibyan, J. Klute, K. Knaack, I. Krouptchenkov, T. Lensch, J. Liebing, D. Lipka, R. Neumann, R. Neumann, G. Priebe, F. Schmidt-Foehre, H.-Ch. Schroeder, R. Susen, S. Vicins, M. Werner, Ch. Wiebers, K. Wittenburg DESY, Hamburg
	Since mid-2007, the existing storage ring PETRA at DESY is reconstructed towards a dedicated third generation hard x-ray light source operating at 6 GeV with 100 mA stored current. The reconstruction includes the total rebuilding of one-eights of the storage ring. In this part the FODO lattice of the arcs is replaced by double-bend achromat cells, resulting in straight sections for 14 insertion device beamlines. Damping wigglers with a total length of 80 m are installed to reduce the emittance down to the design value of 1 nm rad. In order to fully benefit from this low emittance, beam stability is a crucial issue. For the achievement of the required performance and to allow a safe machine operation a number of beam instrumentation is required. Here the diagnostics system for the electron beam is presented with special emphasis on the essential instruments, i.e. the high resolution BPM system, profile monitors, feedback systems, and the machine protection system.

TUPD040	Design, Manufacturing and Tests of a Micrometer Precision Mover for CTF3 Quadrupoles	quadrupole, controls, alignment, beam-losses	1517
	F. Toral, C. Burgos, D. Carrillo, L. García-Tabarés, J. L. Gutierrez, I. Rodriguez, E. Rodríguez García, S. Sanz, C. Vazquez CIEMAT, Madrid E. Adli, N. C. Chritin, S. Doebert, J. A. Rodriguez CERN, Geneva J. Calero CEDEX, Madrid
	A new remotely controlled moving table has been designed for the quadrupoles of the CTF3 Test Beam Line, as part of the beam based alignment system. This device must provide both vertical and horizontal (transverse to the beam) movements. The specifications request a reproducibility of ± 5 micron, with a resolution of 1 micron and a stroke of ± 4 mm. Due to the weight of the magnet, about 50 kg, and the space restrictions, a solution based on small stepping motors with integrated linear spindles has been chosen. The motor responsible of the vertical movement rests on a wedge, with a double purpose: to make the design more compact, and to increase the lifting force for a given motor size. Mechanical switches are used as end-of-movement sensors and home position detectors. The performed tests to check the mover prototype performance are also reported in this paper. Next step will be to launch series production, which will consist of 16 units.

TUPD041	The Design of a 5 MeV Accelerator Based on Multipactor Electron Gun	electron, cathode, gun, coupling	1520
	M. Zhong, C.-X. Tang, S. Zheng TUB, Beijing
	The Multipactor Electron Gun (MPG) based on the multipactor effect can produce short duration, high current and self-bunching electron beams. This paper presents our work on the design of an S-band accelerator based on MPG and the result of preliminary experiment. The mechanical structure was designed with ability of replacing secondary electron emitters. Pd-Ba alloy and Pt were used as the secondary electron emitters of the MPG. The distance between electrodes and the resonant frequency of the MPG can be adjusted separately by step motors. The parameter of the accelerator tube was optimized using numerical simulation with the design outlet energy of the electron is 5MeV and an average current of 100mA.

TUPP018	Impact of Electromagnetic Fields in TESLA RF Modules on Transverse Beam Dynamics	simulation, electron, undulator, free-electron-laser	1568
	E. Prat, W. Decking, M. Dohlus, T. Limberg, I. Zagorodnov DESY, Hamburg
	Transverse electric fields in TESLA rf modules exist on one hand because of deformations of the longitudinal accelerating field in the presence of rf structure misalignments or in the vicinity of asymmetrically machine parts like input couplers. On the other hand, the beam itself induces transverse wake fields if it does not travel through the center of a perfectly rotationally symmetric structure. Transverse deflecting fields deflect beam particles. The average deflection causes a change in the beam trajectory; the phase dependence of the transverse field leads to a variation of the transverse kick along the longitudinal position of the bunch and thus in general to a change in projected emittance. If the strength of the transverse field component varies along the transverse direction itself, slice emittance will be also affected. We will present the amplitudes and spatial variations of transverse fields generated by the mechanisms described above, and discuss their impact on beam trajectories and shape.

TUPP019	Wakefield and RF Kicks due to Coupler Asymmetry in TESLA-type Accelerating Cavities	linac, impedance, coupling, collider	1571
	K. L.F. Bane, C. Adolphsen, Z. Li SLAC, Menlo Park, California M. Dohlus, I. Zagorodnov DESY, Hamburg E. Gjonaj, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt I. G. Gonin, A. Lunin, N. Solyak, V. P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In a future linear collider, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), trains of high current, low emittance bunches will be accelerated in a linac before colliding at the interaction point. Asymmetries in the accelerating cavities of the linac will generate asymmetries in the fields that will kick the beam and tend to degrade the beam emittance and thus the collider performance. In the main linac of the ILC, which is filled with TESLA-type superconducting cavities, it is the fundamental and higher mode couplers that are asymmetric and thus the source of such kicks. The kicks are of two types: one, due to (the asymmetries in) the fundamental RF fields and the other, due to transverse wakefields that are generated even when the beam is on axis. For the ILC configuration we numerically and analytically study both types of kicks and their effect on beam emittance. For the wakefield effect this is quite challenging since the bunches are very short (rms length of 300 microns), the cavity is very long (~1 m), and the distance to steady-state is even longer (~6 m). Finally, we study changes in the coupler design that can greatly reduce the effect.

TUPP032	Trajectory Jitter and Single Bunch Beam Break Up Instability	linac, quadrupole, betatron, simulation	1607
	S. Di Mitri, P. Craievich ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste M. Borland ANL, Argonne, Illinois A. Zholents LBNL, Berkeley, California
	This paper addresses stability issues related to control of the beam break up (BBU) instability in the FERMI@Elettra linac using local trajectory bumps. Analytical study and simulations using the Elegant code are presented. Three different parameters have been used to characterize the BBU, i.e. the projected emittance, the bunch head-to-tail deviation, and the Courant-Snyder invariant for the slice centroid. It is shown that shot-to-shot trajectory jitter in the injector affects the efficiency of the control of the BBU.

TUPP034	Transverse Effects due to Vacuum Mirror of RF Gun	gun, simulation, vacuum, laser	1613
	I. Zagorodnov, M. Dohlus, M. Krasilnikov DESY, Hamburg E. Gjonaj, S. Schnepp TEMF, Darmstadt
	The transverse kick due to the vacuum mirror in the RF gun can negatively affect the beam emittance. In this contribution we estimate numerically and analytically the transverse wake function of European XFEL RF gun and apply it in beam dynamics studies of the transverse phase space.

TUPP035	Analysis of Intensity Instability Threshold at Transition in RHIC	octupole, impedance, electron, coupling	1616
	W. Fischer, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, P. Cameron, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The beam intensity of ion beams in RHIC is limited by a fast transverse instability at transition, driven by the machine impedance and electron clouds. For gold and deuteron beams we analyze the dependence of the instability threshold on beam and machine parameters from recent operational data and dedicated experiments. We fit the machine impedance to the experimental data.

TUPP047	Simulation Studies on Coupler Wakefield and RF Kicks for the International Linear Collider with MERLIN	linac, simulation, higher-order-mode, linear-collider	1649
	D. Kruecker, I. Melzer-Pellmann, F. Poirier, N. J. Walker DESY, Hamburg
	One of the critical issues in the design of the superconducting cavities or the International Linear Collider (ILC) is the influence of the RF and higher order mode (HOM) couplers on the beam dynamics. Both types of couplers break the rotational symmetry of the cavity and introduce non vanishing transverse wakefields even on the cavity axis. Furthermore the RF input coupler introduces an asymmetry into the accelerating RF field and thereby additional transverse field components. We have implemented both effects following the calculations presented previously* into the MERLIN C++ library*. This allows us to study the influence of wakefield and RF kicks on the beam dynamics, the bunch shape and the overall performance of the ILC for different proposed coupler designs. I. Zagorodnov and M. Dohlus, ILC Workshop, DESY 2007; K. Bane and I. Zagorodnov, Wake Fest 07, SLAC 2007. **Merlin - A C++ Class Library for Accelerator Simulations; http://www.desy.de/~merlin.

TUPP048	Collective Effects in the EMMA Non-scaling FFAG	space-charge, acceleration, simulation, beam-loading	1652
	S. Machida, D. J. Kelliher STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York S. R. Koscielniak TRIUMF, Vancouver
	EMMA is an electron machine to study beam dynamics in a linear nonscaling FFAG. We wish to verify that the behavior predicted by the theory and simulation is correct. In particular, we will study, with large emittance beams, a novel accelerating mode outside an rf bucket, and the effects of crossing "resonances." In EMMA, some collective effects become a concern even though the beam stays in the ring for only 10 to 20 turns. We report studies of direct and image space charge, beam loading, and other collective effects with a tracking simulation. Space charge effects, already potentially significant in EMMA, are enhanced by the fact that the beam passes through the beam pipe off-center. There is some possibility of a negative mass instability for some operation modes. We will show several 3D simulation results for space charge and beam loading effects and pure longitudinal simulation for the negative mass instability.

TUPP059	Study of Controlled Longitudinal Emittance Blow-up for High Intensity LHC Beams in the CERN SPS	synchrotron, damping, quadrupole, beam-loading	1676
	G. Papotti, T. Bohl, T. P.R. Linnecar, E. N. Shaposhnikova, J. Tuckmantel CERN, Geneva
	Preventive longitudinal emittance blow-up, in addition to a fourth harmonic Landau damping RF system, is required to keep the LHC beam in the SPS stable up to extraction. The beam is blown-up in a controlled way during the acceleration ramp by using band-limited phase noise targeted to act inside the synchrotron frequency spread, which is itself modified both by the second RF system and by intensity effects (beam loading and others). For a high intensity beam these latter effects can lead to a non-uniform emittance blow-up and even loss of stability for certain bunches in the batch. In this paper we present studies of the emittance blow-up achieved with high intensity beams under different conditions of both RF and noise parameters.

TUPP065	Experimental Study of the Electron Cloud Instability in the CERN-SPS	electron, injection, simulation, proton	1688
	G. Rumolo, G. Arduini, E. Benedetto, E. Métral, G. Papotti, E. N. Shaposhnikova CERN, Geneva R. Calaga BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York B. Salvant EPFL, Lausanne
	The electron cloud instability limits the performance of many existing proton and positron rings. A simulation study carried out with the HEADTAIL code revealed that the threshold for its onset decreases with increasing beam energy, if the 6D emittance of the bunch is kept constant and the longitudinal matching to the bucket is preserved. Experiments have been carried out at the CERN-SPS to study the dependence of the vertical electron cloud instability on the energy and on the beam size. The reduction of the physical transverse emittance as a function of energy is considered in fact to be the main reason for the unusual dependence of this instability on energy.

TUPP075	Numerical Studies of Resistive Wall Effects	vacuum, electromagnetic-fields, impedance, electron	1709
	A. V. Tsakanian Uni HH, Hamburg M. Dohlus, I. Zagorodnov DESY, Hamburg
	In this paper we describe a new numerical code to calculate wakefields of resistive wall geometries. Our code is based on conformal implicit scheme. It allows to estimate wakefields of very short bunches taking into account transitive effects neglected in the European XFEL impedance budget so far.

TUPP084	Parallel Computation of Integrated Electromagnetic, Thermal and Structural Effects for Accelerator Cavities	simulation, gun, vacuum, space-charge	1724
	V. Akcelik, A. E. Candel, A. C. Kabel, K. Ko, L. Lee, Z. Li, C.-K. Ng, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The successful operation of accelerator cavities has to satisfy both rf and mechanical requirements. It is highly desirable that electromagnetic, thermal and structural effects such as cavity wall heating and Lorentz force detuning in superconducting rf cavities can be addressed in an integrated analysis. Based on the SLAC parallel finite-element code infrastructure for electromagnetic modeling, a novel multi-physics analysis tool has been developed to include additional thermal and mechanical effects. The speedup from parallel computation enables virtual prototyping of accelerator cavities on computers, which would substantially reduce the cost and time of a design cycle. The multi-physics tool will be applied to the LCLS rf gun and a superconducting rf gun cavity.

TUPP094	Recent Improvements in the Tracking Code PLACET	simulation, alignment, lattice, radiation	1750
	A. Latina, H. Burkhardt, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas CERN, Geneva E. Adli University of Oslo, Oslo Y. Renier LAL, Orsay
	The Tracking Code PLACET has recently undergone several improvements. A redesign of its internal data structures and a new user interface based on the mathematical toolbox Octave have considerably expanded its simulation capabilities. Several new lattice elements, optimization algorithms and physics processes have been added to allow for more complete start-to-end simulations. The usage of the AML language and the Universal Parser Library extened its interfacing capability.

TUPP100	A Four-dimensional Vlasov Solver for Microbunching Instability in the Injection System for X-ray FELs	simulation, collective-effects, electron, beam-transport	1764
	M. Migliorati, A. Schiavi Rome University La Sapienza, Roma G. Dattoli ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The phenomenon of microbunching instabilty arises from small charge-density fluctuations in the electron bunches that are amplified by the combined effect of space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation as the beam travels through magnetic compressors. In order to study the coupled longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics we propose to develop a four-dimensional grid-based Vlasov solver. The goal is to give an accurate characterization of the microbunching instability seeded by the random noise present in the initial bunch distribution. Solving directly the Vlasov equation instead of using macroparticle simulations has the advantage of avoiding the statistical fluctuations due to a limited number of macroparticles. Because a Vlasov solver in a high dimension phase-space tends to be particularly time consuming, to be practical a code implementing this method should run on parallel processors. In this paper we report progress toward the realization of such a 4D Vlasov solver.

TUPP102	Beam Transport with Scattering Using SRIM Supporting Software Routines Code	beam-transport, scattering, simulation, ion	1767
	M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik STU, Bratislava
	In many situations a particle beam is transported through matter-containing components separated by ion-optical elements. The matter-containing components scatter the beam and alter its emittance diagram. In order to include accurately the scattering in beam-transport a special beam-transport module was included in the SRIM Supporting Software Modules package (S3M). It uses transfer-matrix formalism in ion-optical elements. At the entry to a scattering element a beam-generation routine converts the actual σ-matrix into an ensemble of particles and writes a special SRIM input-file. The beam-transport in the scattering element is then calculated by SRIM MC particle tracking. At the exit of the scattering element, the module imports back the SRIM output data and can either continue with transfer-matrix transformations or generate a modified σ-matrix that can be used by other ion-optical programs. It means the beam transport with scattering can either be fully calculated by S3M, or data exchange between S3M and ion-optical programs can be provided. S3M beam-transport module is described in the paper with some typical application examples. M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik. Supporting Routines for the SRIM code, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 257 (2007) 601-604.

TUPP123	SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron For Hadrontherapy	cyclotron, resonance, extraction, ion	1812
	M. M. Maggiore, L. Calabretta, D. Campo, D. Garufi, L. A.C. Piazza, M. Re INFN/LNS, Catania E. Samsonov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and C beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The study of the machine is near to be completed. The mechanical and magnetic design will be presented. The mechanical drawing and size of the cyclotron will be presented. The characteristics of the main coil and magnetic field will be presented. The method to change the magnetic setting for H2 and Carbon acceleration will be described. The acceleration system consisting of 4 RF cavities will be also described.

TUPP139	Variable Energy 2-MeV S-Band Linac for X-ray and Other Applications	linac, electron, target, simulation	1845
	H. Bender, D. D. Schwellenbach, R. Sturgess, C. P. Trainham NSTec, Los Alamos, New Mexico J. M. Potter JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, New Mexico
	We will describe the design and operation of a compact, 2-MeV, S-band linear accelerator (linac) with variable energy tuning and short-pulse operation down to 15 ps with 100-A peak current. The design consists of a buncher cavity for short-pulse operation and two coupled resonator sections for acceleration. Single-pulse operation is accomplished through a fast injector system with a 219-MHz subharmonic buncher. The machine is intended to support a variety of applications, such as X-ray and electron beam diagnostic development and, recently, electron diffraction studies of phase transitions in shocked materials.

WEXG02	Crabbed Waist Collisions in DAΦNE and Super-B Design	luminosity, collider, injection, interaction-region	1898
	P. Raimondi, D. Alesini, M. E. Biagini, C. Biscari, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, F. Bossi, B. Buonomo, A. Clozza, G. O. Delle Monache, T. Demma, E. Di Pasquale, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, C. Ligi, F. Marcellini, G. Mazzitelli, C. Milardi, F. Murtas, L. Pellegrino, M. A. Preger, L. Quintieri, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, S. Tomassini, C. Vaccarezza, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) N. Arnaud, D. Breton, P. Roudeau, A. Stocchi, V. Variola, B. F. Viaud LAL, Orsay S. Bettoni CERN, Geneva P. Branchini roma3, Rome M. Esposito Rome University La Sapienza, Roma I. Koop, E. B. Levichev, P. A. Piminov, D. N. Shatilov, V. V. Smaluk BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk K. Ohmi KEK, Ibaraki E. Paoloni University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa M. Schioppa INFN Gruppo di Cosenza, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) D. Teytelman SLAC, Menlo Park, California P. Valente INFN-Roma, Roma
	The new idea of increasing the luminosity of a collider with crabbed waist collisions and first experimental results from DAΦNE using this concept are presented. Consequences for the design of future factories will be discussed. An outlook to the performance reach with crabbed waist collisions is given, with emphasis on future B Factories.
	Slides

WEOAM01	Operation Status of the SCSS Test Accelerator: Continuous Saturation of SASE FEL at the Wavelength Range from ~50 to 60 nanometers	undulator, electron, laser, controls	1944
	H. Tanaka, T. Fukui, T. Hara, A. Higashiya, N. Hosoda, T. Inagaki, S. I. Inoue, T. Ishikawa, H. Kitamura, M. K. Kitamura, H. Maesaka, M. Nagasono, T. Ohshima, Y. Otake, T. Sakurai, T. Shintake, K. Shirasawa, T. Tanaka, K. Togawa, M. Yabashi RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo T. Asaka, T. Hasegawa, H. Ohashi, S. Takahashi, S. Tanaka JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken T. Tanikawa RIKEN Spring-8 Harima, Hyogo
	The SPring-8 compact SASE source (SCSS) test accelerator for XFEL/SPring-8 was constructed in 2005. The first lasing at 49 nm, though not reached saturation, was observed with the 250-MeV electron beam in June 2006. Towards the saturation, we started stabilizing the RF system in the injector section, which dramatically stabilized the lasing condition. The stable operation enables us to tune each of the machine parameter precisely by using the lasing response. The second undulator, which did not sufficiently contribute to the first lasing because of large multipole field errors, was replaced by new one. These improvements led us to the successful observation of SASE saturation at the wavelength ranging from ~50 to 60 nm in September 2007. A pulse-energy of 30 uJ is routinely obtained at 60 nm. Analysis of the obtained SASE saturation data with a 3D-FEL simulation code, SIMPLEX, suggests that the electron beam emittance is almost unchanged through the bunch compression process. The stable and intense EUV SASE FEL has been offered for user experiments since October 2007. The achieved electron beam performance, lasing property as well as the latest analysis result will be presented.
	Slides

WEPC003	Coupling Control at the SLS	coupling, quadrupole, betatron, sextupole	1983
	A. Streun, Å. Andersson, M. Böge, A. Luedeke PSI, Villigen
	The vertical beam size measurement at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) is based on vertically polarized visual light and allows to verify a vertical emittance of a few pm rad, resp. an emittance ratio in the 10^-4 range obtained in 400 mA top-up user operation mode by tuning the lattice by means of 24 skew quadrupoles. Suppression of betatron coupling by local and global coupling correction prevents losses of Touschek scattered particles at the narrow vertical gaps of the in-vacuum undulators and thus protects these devices and increases beam lifetime, resp. the top-up interval. We will report on our experience with the beam size monitor, on the method of coupling control and on the achievements in vertical emittance and beam lifetime.

WEPC004	Design Status of the Taiwan Photon Source	dynamic-aperture, booster, lattice, storage-ring	1986
	C.-C. Kuo, H.-P. Chang, H. C. Chao, P. J. Chou, K. S. Liang, W. T. Liu, G.-H. Luo, A. Rusanov, H.-J. Tsai, J. W. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	We report updated design works for a new 3-3.3 GeV synchrotron light source called Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The lattice type of the TPS is a 24-cell DBA structure and the circumference is 518.4 m. The injector booster will be housed in the same tunnel. We present the lattice design, the accelerator physics issues and its expected performances.

WEPC011	Using Multi-bend Achromats in Synchrotron Radiation Sources	lattice, vacuum, dipole, sextupole	2007
	M. Eriksson, A. Hansson, S. C. Leemann, L.-J. Lindgren, M. Sjöström, E. J. Wallén MAX-lab, Lund L. Rivkin, A. Streun PSI, Villigen
	Multi-bend achromats offer small electron beam emittance, large energy acceptance and a good dynamic aperture. Two examples are discussed in the article, each using 7-bend achromats; a 12 achromat lattice and a 20 achromat one. Some possible technical solutions associated with the dense lattices are discussed: magnet technology, vacuum system and RF system. Some characteristics of the two rings are also presented; effects of Intra Beam Scattering, Touschek life-time and the electron beam parameter values.

WEPC013	Commissioning of Medium Emittance Lattice of HLS Storage Ring	radiation, brilliance, lattice, focusing	2013
	G. Feng, W. Li, L. Liu, L. Wang, H. Xu, S. C. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	Hefei Light Source (HLS) is a second generation light source, whose emittance is about 160 nmrad in normal optics. Lowering beam emittance is the most effective measure to enhance light source brilliance. Considering beam lifetime limitation, a lattice with medium beam emittance was brought forward. Through distributed dispersion in straight section, the beam emittance was reduced to 80 nmrad. At same time, the betatron tunes were kept same as before. In this way, the focusing parameters can be tuned to new one smoothly. With the new lattice parameters, the brilliance of HLS is increased by two factors.

WEPC014	Beam Lifetime Studies of Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) Storage Ring	coupling, lattice, scattering, storage-ring	2016
	G. Feng, W. Li, L. Liu, L. Wang, C.-F. Wu, H. Xu, S. C. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) will be a high brightness light source with about 0.2nmrad emittance at 1.5GeV. Ultra low beam emittance and relatively low beam energy of HALS would result in poor beam lifetime. Comparing the beam-gas scattering and Touschek scattering effects, a conclusion can be drawn that Beam lifetime will be affected strongly by Touschek scattering. Touschek lifetime has been studied considering linear and nonlinear effects for the lattice structure. Relations between lifetime and RF cavity voltage, lifetime and emittance coupling, lifetime and gap heights of insertion devices have been calculated respectively. After the optimization, proper cavity voltage and emittance coupling are chosen to get about 1.06 hours of total lifetime including gas scattering losses effect. Installing a third harmonic RF cavity can lengthen the beam bunch to increase the total lifetime to about 3.85 hours. Top up injection operation will be applied to keep bunch current within the required value.

WEPC017	Short X-ray Pulse Generation in Taiwan Photon Source Using Deflecting Cavity	photon, electron, lattice, radiation	2025
	H. Ghasem IPM, Tehran G.-H. Luo NSRRC, Hsinchu
	We have purposed to use deflecting cavity for short X-ray pulses production in 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Typical electron bunch length in TPS for 1.1MV RF gap voltage is about 5.7mm. Deflecting cavity generates correlation between longitudinal position and vertical momentum of particles in a bunch. Vertical kick of particle separates the photons that emit from ID vertically. Slit and asymmetric crystal in TPS beam line are used to compress the photon pulse duration. For a 60 m beam line of TPS, the operating of deflecting cavity up to 6MV voltage and eighth harmonic yields an FWHM pulse duration of radiated X-ray of about 0.48 ps for users.

WEPC023	Ideas for a Future PEP Light Source	brightness, undulator, photon, storage-ring	2031
	R. O. Hettel, K. L.F. Bane, L. D. Bentson, K. J. Bertsche, S. M. Brennan, Y. Cai, A. Chao, S. DeBarger, V. A. Dolgashev, X. Huang, Z. Huang, D. Kharakh, Y. Nosochkov, T. Rabedeau, J. A. Safranek, J. Seeman, J. Stohr, G. V. Stupakov, S. G. Tantawi, L. Wang, M.-H. Wang, U. Wienands SLAC, Menlo Park, California I. Lindau Stanford University, Stanford, Califormia C. Pellegrini UCLA, Los Angeles, California
	With the termination of operation of the PEP-II storage rings for high energy physics at hand, and with the migration of accelerator operation at SLAC in general to photon science applications, a study of the potential conversion of the PEP-II to a future light source has been initiated. With a circumference of 2.2 km and the capability for high current operation, it is clear that operating a converted ring at medium energy (3-6 GeV) could offer very low emittance and an average brightness of order 10²², limited primarily by the power handling capacity of photon beam line optical components. Higher brightness in the soft X-ray regime might be reached with partial lasing in long undulators if the emittance is sufficiently low, and high peak brightness could be reached with seeded FEL emission. Advanced pulsed rf technology might be used to generate short bunches and fast switched polarization in soft X-ray rf undulators. An overview of the preliminary findings of the PEP Light Source study group will be presented, including lattice, X-ray source and beam line options.

WEPC024	Low Beta Structure for the ANKA Storage Ring	optics, dynamic-aperture, vacuum, injection	2034
	E. Huttel, I. Birkel, A.-S. Müller, P. Wesolowski FZK, Karlsruhe
	The ANKA storage ring has a fourfold symmetry with a double DBA structure. Four (~1.7 m) straight sections are used for the RF and the injection. Four sections (~ 4.5 m) are used for insertion devices (three installed). The beta functions in these sections are 14, respectively 7 m (horizontal/vertical). This is not ideal for small gap (7 mm) insertion devices. Reducing the vertical beta function to 2 m is possible with the present magnet configuration and is done for special user operation. Reducing both the horizontal and vertical beta function is favoured for one future beam line. This will afford a change of the present magnet configuration. Different options have been calculated and will be discussed.

WEPC039	PLS Upgrade Plan	lattice, insertion, booster, linac	2070
	T.-Y. Lee PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
	Pohang Light Source (PLS) has operated for 14 year successfully. To meet the request of the increasing user community, an upgrade plan of PLS is under consideration. The design goal is to achieve an emittance as low as 5 nm rad and to install as many insertion devices as possible. To minimize the necessary relocation of existing beamlines, the new lattice will still be a TBA. But, adopting combined function magnets, it is possible to achieve low emittance while the insertion straight is as long as 8.8 m where two insertion devices will be installed. The PLS upgrade plan and the lattice design will be presented in this paper.

WEPC042	Commissioning of the SSRF Storage Ring	storage-ring, closed-orbit, sextupole, optics	2079
	L. G. Liu SSRF, Shanghai Z. M. Dai, B. C. Jiang, H. H. Li, D. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. T. Zhao SINAP, Shanghai
	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a 3.5GeV synchrotron radiation light source under commissioning in Shanghai, China. The SSRF accelerator complex consists of a 150MeV linac, full energy booster and a 3.5GeV storage ring. The commissioning of the SSRF storage ring began on Dec. 21st evening, 2007, the first turn and 150 turns was observed in less than 12 hours with RF off and then the stored beam of 5 mA was achieved on Dec. 24th. On Jan. 3rd, 2008, the 100mA stored beam current were obtained in the machine for the first time. Since then, the storage ring has been brought close to the design parameters, and frequent operation with 100mA beam current has been down for making the vacuum chamber cleaning. In this paper, commissioning results of the machine is presented.

WEPC050	Future Plans for the Advanced Light Source	lattice, injection, synchrotron, brightness	2103
	D. Robin, H. Nishimura, G. J. Portmann, F. Sannibale, C. Steier LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The Advanced Light Source is now in its 15th year of operation. The facility has managed to continue to improve through continual upgrades to both the capabilities and capacities. Studies have shown that there is still plenty of room for improvements. Here we present plans to provide sustantial relevant improvements with modest cost.

WEPC056	Emittance Reduction by Longitudinally Varying Dipole Field	dipole, dynamic-aperture, optics, radiation	2118
	K. Tsumaki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
	One of the most important matters for synchrotron radiation source is decreasing the beam emittance to increase the brightness. The electron beam emittance is almost determined by electron energy and the average H-function. For further improvement of the emittance, we can change the damping partition number by radially varying dipole field and can reduce the emittance. However, this method is not effective for a small emittance lattice due to its small dispersion function. We have studied the emittance reduction by longitudinally varying magnetic field in a bending magnet. The radius of curvature is assumed to vary with the function of nth degree (n=1,2,3,4). The emittance is calculated numerically for minimum emittance and achromat configuration. In this paper, we describe the details of calculated results and discuss the effectiveness of the method.

WEPC059	Lattice Design of PEP-X as a Light Source Machineat SLAC	wiggler, injection, dynamic-aperture, sextupole	2127
	M.-H. Wang, Y. Cai, R. O. Hettel, Y. Nosochkov SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The lattice study for converting the High Energy Ring (HER) of PEP-II into a light source machine with minimal modifications is reported. In this design, a higher phase advance is used in the HER FODO lattice which reduces the emittance to 5 nm at 4.5 GeV without a damping wiggler, and to 0.4 nm with 116 m damping wiggler included in two straight sections out of six. We also study the possibility of replacing one of the six FODO arcs with eight DBA cells to provide additional dispersion free straight sections for the experimental beam lines. The DBA cells will reuse the existing HER and LER (Low Energy Ring) magnets for a minimal cost of the modification. The main parameters and beam dynamics properties of these lattices are presented.

WEPC063	The Concept of Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS)	radiation, storage-ring, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation	2136
	L. Wang, G. Feng, W. Li, L. Liu, C.-F. Wu, H. Xu, S. C. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	The Hefei Light Source is a dedicated VUV and soft X-ray light source. The layout of magnet lattice limits the achievalbe beam emittance and available straight section for insertion device. To enhance competitiveness of National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory in synchrotron radiation application research region, a concept of new dedicated VUV and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation light source was put forward, which is named Hefei Advanced Light Source. Comparing the advantages, difficulties and performance/foundation of energy recovery linac, linac-based free electron laser and storage ring based light source, the scheme of a 1.5GeV storage ring with very low beam emittance was adopted as the baseline design. At same time, a low emittance 1.5 GeV linac would be as its full-energy injector, which can provide ultra-short radiation pulse. The HALS would provide more brilliant and transverse coherent synchrotron radiation in the VUV and soft X-ray range to various users.

WEPC065	The Lattice Design of Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) Storage Ring	insertion, insertion-device, lattice, radiation	2142
	L. Wang, G. Feng, W. Li, L. Liu, C.-F. Wu, H. Xu, S. C. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui
	The purpose of Hefei Advanced Light Source is to provide high brilliant and coherent synchrotron radiation in the VUV and soft X-ray range to synchrotron radiation users. To enhance high brilliance and transverse coherent, very low beam emittance is required. The design goal of beam emittance is lower than 0.2 nmrad, whose synchrotron radiation is fully transverse coherent beyond the 2.5nm. Considering achievable undulator radiation spectrum and energy dependence of emittance, the energy of storage ring is set as 1.5GeV. Limiting the circumference of storage ring, the more dipole and strong focusing are needed for lowering emittance. On the other side, strong chromatic sextupoles are needed to compensate large natural chromaticity. The storage ring became strong nonlinear. The linear optics and nonlinear dynamics of HALS storage ring were introduced in this paper.

WEPC075	Recent Results and Future Perspectives of the SPARC Project	undulator, linac, laser, radiation	2169
	M. Ferrario, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, A. Clozza, L. Cultrera, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, G. Gatti, A. Ghigo, B. Marchetti, A. Marinelli, C. Marrelli, E. Pace, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, F. Tazzioli, S. Tomassini, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Bacci, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, F. Castelli, S. Cialdi, C. De Martinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, A. R. Rossi, L. Serafini INFN-Milano, Milano M. Bougeard, B. Carré, D. Garzella, M. Labat, G. Lambert, H. Merdji, P. Salieres, O. Tchebakoff CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette L. Catani INFN-Roma II, Roma A. Cianchi Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Dipace, A. Doria, G. P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. L. Orlandi, S. Pagnutti, A. Petralia, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle, E. Sabia, I. P. Spassovsky, V. Surrenti ENEA C. R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma) M.-E. Couprie SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette M. Mattioli, M. Serluca INFN-Roma, Roma M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci Rome University La Sapienza, Roma M. Petrarca Università di Roma I La Sapienza, Roma J. B. Rosenzweig UCLA, Los Angeles, California
	The SPARC project foresees the realization of a high brightness photo-injector to produce a 150-200 MeV electron beam to drive 500 nm FEL experiments in various configurations, a Thomson backscattering source and a plasma accelerator experiment. The SPARC photoinjector is also the test facility for the recently approved VUV FEL project named SPARX. As a first stage of the commissioning a complete characterization of the photoinjector has been accomplished with a detailed study of the emittance compensation process downstream the gun-solenoid system and the demonstration of the emittance oscillation in the drift. The second stage of the commissioning, that is currently underway, foresees a detailed analysis of the beam matching with the linac in order to confirm the theoretically prediction of emittance compensation based on the “invariant envelope” matching and the demonstration of the “velocity bunching” technique in the linac. In this paper we report the experimental results obtained so far and the scientific program for the near future.

WEPC079	Elettra Booster Commissioning and Operation	booster, injection, storage-ring, optics	2180
	F. Iazzourene ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	The new injector, consisting of a 100MeV linac and a 2.5GeV booster synchrotron, replaced the old limited energy 1.2GeV linac by the end of 2007. The paper reports on its commissioning phases and results together with its present status of operation. "Overview of the Status of the Elettra Booster Project", WEPC090, these proceedings.

WEPC085	Matching with Space Charge	space-charge, quadrupole, diagnostics, focusing	2192
	B. D. Muratori, D. J. Holder STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	This paper explores the possibility of performing matching in the presence of space charge to an acceptable and useful level. Space charge gives rise to a mismatch for beams at low energies. This mismatch can be very harmful for certain applications, for example the tomography diagnostic of the PITZ2 test line. In this case, the Twiss parameters at the start of the tomography section have to be as close as possible to the design ones. As can be shown by a thin lens approximation, all the Twiss parameters at the start of the tomography section are fully determined, as is the quadrupole strength, once the length of the FODO cells is chosen. With the presence of space charge it is necessary to introduce a modification to the original matching, itself performed with a standard optimizing routine. The idea is that this modification can only compensate for the linear part of space charge and it does so by changing the quadrupole strengths. The theory is verified by using an very simple test line consisting of just two quadrupoles and modeling it using GPT (General Particle Tracer). This results in modified values for the quadrupole strengths to accommodate the effect of space charge.

WEPC087	New Preinjector for the ESRF Linac	gun, simulation, cathode, bunching	2195
	T. P. Perron, B. Ogier, A. Panzarella, E. Plouviez, E. Rabeuf, V. Serriere ESRF, Grenoble
	A new preinjector of the 200 MeV Linac is under manufacture at the ESRF. Two operation modes are foreseen, a short pulse of 1ns-.4nC and a long pulse of 1000ns-10nC. The new triode type thermionic 100 Kev gun has been characterized experimentally. The transverse and longitudinal phase space measurements are compared with simulations. The design and the expected performance of the final set-up which includes vertical deflecting plates, pre-bunching and bunching sections will be presented.

WEPC094	Thermo-Cathode RF Gun for BINP Race-Track Microtron-Recuperator	cathode, gun, injection, bunching	2213
	V. Volkov, E. Kendjebulatov, S. A. Krutikhin, G. Y. Kurkin, V. M. Petrov, I. K. Sedlyarov, N. Vinokurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	In 2007 the thermo-cathode RF gun for the Budker INP energy recovery linac (ERL) was designed. The RF gun is capable to emit the electron bunches with the energy of 300 keV, average current of 100 mA, and repetition frequency of 90 MHz. The new injector is adapted to the existing RF system for beam bunching, accelerating and injecting to the linac of the microtron. Its advantage is the absence of high potential of 300 kV at the control circuits of the cathode; therefore the maintenance is simplified. Also due to the absence of the cathode back bombardment by residual gas ions in the RF cavity, the lifetime of the cathode is increased and the obtaining of the repetition frequency up to 90 MHz becomes feasible. In the paper the main characteristics of the injector, its design and results of beam dynamics calculations with optimised regimes are presented.

WEPC096	APPLE Undulator for PETRA III	dipole, undulator, polarization, radiation	2219
	J. Bahrdt, H.-J. Baecker, W. Frentrup, A. Gaupp, M. Scheer, B. Schulz BESSY GmbH, Berlin U. Englisch, M. Tischer DESY, Hamburg
	Currently, the storage ring PETRA is being rebuilt to a light source with an ultra low emittance of only 1nm rad. The undulator radiation will take full advantage of this high performance. PETRA III will also provide circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light under arbitrary angles (inclined mode) within the energy range of 250-3000eV. The light will be produced with an APPLE II undulator which is under construction at BESSY at present. The total length of 5m and a minimum gap of only 11mm cause strong 3D forces. Due to the small good field region in an APPLE undulator and a small stay clear between the magnets and the vacuum chamber a sophisticated mechanical layout is required. The design will be presented, the expected residual mechanical deformations will be given and the consequences for the spectral performance will be discussed.

WEPC132	Damping Wigglers at the PETRA III Light Source	wiggler, damping, permanent-magnet, storage-ring	2317
	M. Tischer, K. Balewski DESY, Hamburg A. M. Batrakov, I. V. Ilyin, D. Shichkov, A. V. Utkin, P. V. Vagin, P. Vobly BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	We report on the progress in construction of the PETRA III damping sections. A series of 10 permanent magnet wigglers followed by SR-absorbers will be installed in each of the two damping sections. Thereby, the emittance of the 6 GeV storage ring will be reduced down to 1 nmrad. Prototypes of all major components have meanwhile been characterized and a test assembly of one complete wiggler cell has been performed successfully. The wigglers have a period length of 200 mm and provide a peak field of 1.5 T. Most of the 4 m long devices have been fabricated and assembled. We present results of magnetic measurements and tuning.

WEPD022	High Field Superconductor for Muon Cooling	collider, superconducting-magnet, beam-cooling, magnet-design	2455
	J. Schwartz NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn, M. Kuchnir Muons, Inc, Batavia
	High temperature superconductors (HTS) have been shown to carry significant current density in the presence of extremely high magnetic fields when operated at low temperature. The successful design of magnets needed for high energy physics applications using such high field superconductor (HFS) depends critically on the detailed wire or tape parameters which are still under development and not yet well-defined. In the project reported here, we are developing HFS for accelerator use by concentrating on the design of an innovative magnet that will have a useful role in muon beam cooling. Measurements of available materials and a conceptual design of a high field solenoid using YBCO HFS conductor are being analyzed with the goal of providing useful guidance to superconductor manufacturers for materials well suited to accelerator applications.

WEPP002	The Effect of Head-on Beam-beam Compensation on the Stochastic Boundaries and Particle Diffusion in RHIC	proton, simulation, electron, resonance	2521
	N. P. Abreu, W. Fischer, Y. Luo, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	To compensate the effects from the head-on beam-beam interactions in the polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), an electron lens (e-lens) is proposed to collide head-on with the proton beam. We used an extended version of SixTrack for multiparticle beam-beam simulation in order to study the effect of the e-lens on the stochastic boundary and also on diffusion. The stochastic boundary was analyzed using Lypunov exponents and the diffusion was characterized as the average rms spread of the action after 10⁴ turns. For both studies the simulations were performed with and without the e-lens and with full and partial compensation.

WEPP004	Overall Optics Solutions for Very High Beta in Atlas	optics, insertion, injection, luminosity	2527
	S. M. White, H. Burkhardt, P. M. Puzo CERN, Geneva S. Cavalier, M. Heller LAL, Orsay
	An insertion optics with a beta-star of at least 2600 m has been requested by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. This is very far from the standard LHC physics optics and implies a significant reduction in the phase advance from this insertion corresponding to about half a unit in tune. We describe several alternatives how this could be integrated in overall LHC optics solutions with the possibility to inject, ramp and un-squeeze to the required very high beta.

WEPP008	Localizing Sources of Horizontal Orbit Oscillations at RHIC	closed-orbit, luminosity, focusing, feedback	2539
	R. Calaga, R. J. Michnoff, T. Satogata BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Horizontal oscillations of the closed orbit at frequencies around 10Hz are observed at RHIC. These oscillations lead to beam beam offsets at the collision point, resulting in emittance growth and reduced luminosity. An approach to localize the sources of these vibrations using a special mode of RHIC turn-by-turn BPM data is presented. Data from the 2005-06 are analyzed to spatially resolve the location of the dominant sources.

WEPP015	Experience with IBS-suppression Lattice in RHIC	lattice, luminosity, ion, heavy-ion	2557
	V. Litvinenko, M. Bai, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, A. J. Della Penna, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, G. Ganetis, L. T. Hoff, W. Louie, Y. Luo, N. Malitsky, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, C. Montag, F. C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	An intra-beam scattering (IBS) is the limiting factor of the luminosity lifetime for RHIC operating with heavy ions. In order to suppress the IBS we designed and implemented new lattice with higher betatron tunes. This lattice had been developed during last three years and had been used for gold ions in yellow ring of the RHIC during d-Au part of the RHIC Run-8. The use of this lattice allowed both significant increases in the luminosity lifetime and the luminosity levels via reduction of beta-stars in the IPs. In this paper we report on the development, the tests and the performance of IBS-suppression lattice in RHIC, including the resulting increases in the peak and the average luminosity. We also report on our plans for future steps with the IBS suppression.

WEPP016	FEL-based Coherent Electron Cooling for High-energy Hadron Colliders	hadron, electron, collider, luminosity	2560
	V. Litvinenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York Y. S. Derbenev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Cooling intense high-energy hadron beams remains a major challenge in modern accelerator physics. Synchrotron radiation of such beams is too feeble and two common methods, stochastic and electron cooling, are not efficient in providing significant cooling for high energy hadron, especially proton, colliders. In this paper we discuss a practical scheme of Coherent Electron Cooling, which promises short cooling times (below one hour) for intense proton beams in RHIC at 250 GeV or in LHC at 7 TeV. Coherent Electron Cooling was suggested early 1980s as a possibility for using various microwave instabilities in an electron beam to enhance its interaction with hadrons. The capabilities of present-day accelerator technology, ERLs, and high-gain Free-Electron Lasers (FELs), finally caught up with the idea and provided the all necessary ingredients for realizing such a process at energies typical for modern high energy hadron colliders. In this paper, we discuss the principles, the main limitations of this scheme and present some predictions for Coherent Electron Cooling in RHIC and the LHC operating with ions or protons. V. N. Litvinenko, Y. S. Derbenev, Proc. 29th Int. FEL Conference, Novosibirsk, August, 2007. **Y. S. Derbenev, Proc. of 7th All-Union Conf. on Charged Particle Accelerators, October 1980, Dubna, 269.

WEPP019	RHIC Polarized Proton Performance in Run-8	luminosity, proton, polarization, collider	2566
	C. Montag, N. P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D. S. Barton, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. J. Gardner, J. W. Glenn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. F. Ingrassia, A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R. C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, A. U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. J. Michnoff, J. Morris, B. Oerter, H. Okada, F. C. Pilat, P. H. Pile, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. E. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	During Run-8, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provided collisions of spin-polarized proton beams at two interaction regions. Helical spin rotators at these two interaction regions were used to control the spin orientation of both beams at the collision points. Physics data were taken with different orientations of the beam polarization. We present recent developments and improvements as well as the luminosity and polarization performance achieved during Run-8.

WEPP026	Reliable Operation of the AC Dipole in the LHC	dipole, resonance, simulation, injection	2575
	R. Tomas, S. D. Fartoukh, J. Serrano CERN, Geneva
	The AC dipole in the LHC will not only provide transverse oscillations without emittance growth but also with a safety guarantee. These two features are due to the adiabaticity of the excitation. However chromaticity and non-linear fields spoil this adiabaticity. This paper assesses the margins of the relevant parameters for a reliable and safe operation of AC dipoles in the LHC.

WEPP034	Study of Beam-beam effect at various collision scheme in LHC	luminosity, simulation, resonance, proton	2593
	K. Ohmi KEK, Ibaraki
	LHC is designed as two major collision points with finite crossing angle of 140μrad (half). The Piwinski angle is 0.4 for the design. Upgrade plans have been studied to increase the luminosity 10 times. Large Piwinski angle scheme is one of the option for the upgrade. The one turn map with the two beam-beam interactions can be expanded by Taylor series. Analyzing the one turn map gives information of resonance behavior of the beam-beam interactions. We discuss the one turn map for the design LHC and upgrade scheme.

WEPP039	Design of a 10³⁶ cm^-2 s^-1 Super-B Factory	interaction-region, collider, luminosity, injection	2605
	J. Seeman, K. J. Bertsche, A. Novokhatski, M. K. Sullivan, U. Wienands, W. Wittmer SLAC, Menlo Park, California S. Bettoni CERN, Geneva M. E. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, T. Demma, A. Drago, S. Guiducci, P. Raimondi, S. Tomassini, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) A. Bogomyagkov, I. Koop, E. B. Levichev, S. A. Nikitin, P. A. Piminov, D. N. Shatilov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk G. Marchiori INFN-Pisa, Pisa E. Paoloni University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa
	Submitted for the High Luminosity Study Group for an Asymmetric Super-B-Factory: Parameters are being studied for a high luminosity e⁺e^- collider operating at the Upsilon 4S that would deliver a luminosity of 1 to 2 x 10³⁶/cm²/s. This collider would use a novel combination of linear collider and storage ring techniques. In this scheme an electron beam and a positron beam are stored in low-emittance damping rings similar to those designed for a Linear Collider (LC) or the next generation light source. A LC style interaction region is included in the ring to produce sub-millimeter vertical beta functions at the collision point. A large crossing angle (±25 mrad) is used at the collision point to allow beam separation. A crab-waist scheme is used to reduce the hourglass effect and restore peak luminosity. Beam currents of about 1.8 A in 1400 bunches can produce a luminosity of 10³⁶/cm²/s with upgrade possibilities. Design parameters and beam dynamics effects are discussed.

WEPP040	New Low Emittance Lattices for the SuperB Accelerator Project	sextupole, lattice, luminosity, polarization	2608
	M. E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, P. Raimondi, S. Tomassini, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) S. Bettoni CERN, Geneva A. Bogomyagkov, I. Koop, E. B. Levichev, S. A. Nikitin, P. A. Piminov, D. N. Shatilov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk E. Paoloni University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa J. Seeman, M. K. Sullivan, U. Wienands, W. Wittmer SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	New low emittance lattices (1.6 nm at 7 GeV, 2.8 nm at 4 GeV) have been designed for the asymmetric SuperB accelerator aiming at a luminosity of 10³⁶ cm^-2 s^-1. Main optics features are two alternating arc cells with different horizontal phase advance, in order to decrease beam emittance and allow at the same time for easy chromaticity correction in the arcs. Emittance can be further reduced by a factor of two for luminosity upgrade. New beam parameters have been chosen to fulfill the transparency conditions for 4x7 GeV beams, different from the asymmetric currents used in operating B-Factories. Beam polarization schemes have been studied and will be implemented in the lattice.

WEPP042	An Improved Design for a SuperB Interaction Region	quadrupole, interaction-region, luminosity, background	2614
	M. K. Sullivan, J. Seeman, U. Wienands SLAC, Menlo Park, California S. Bettoni CERN, Geneva M. E. Biagini, P. Raimondi INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) E. Paoloni University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa
	We present an improved design for a SuperB interaction region. The new design attempts to minimize the bending of the two colliding beams which results from shared magnetic elements near the Interaction Point (IP). The total crossing angle at the IP is increased from 34 mrad to 50 mrad and the distance from the IP to the first quadrupole is increased. Although the two beams still travel through this shared magnet, these changes allow for a new a new magnetic field design with a septum which gives the magnet two magnetic centers. This greatly reduces the beam bending from this shared quadrupole and thereby reduces the radiative bhabha background for the detector as well as any beam emittance growth from the bending. We decribe the new design for the interaction region.

WEPP044	Commissioning the 90° Lattice for the PEP II High Energy Ring	lattice, synchrotron, luminosity, insertion	2617
	W. Wittmer, Y. Cai, W. X. Cheng, W. S. Colocho, F.-J. Decker, S. Ecklund, A. S. Fisher, Y. Nosochkov, A. Novokhatski, M. K. Sullivan, U. Wienands, Y. T. Yan, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	In order to benefit from further reduction of the vertical IP beta function of the PEP-II HER the bunch length should be reduced. This will be achieved by changing the phase advance from 60 deg to 90 deg in the four arcs not adjacent to the IR region, thus reducing momentum compaction by about 30% and reducing bunch length from a present 12 mm down to 8.5 mm at low beam current. In preparation to implement the 90 deg lattice the main HER quadrupole and sextupole strings and their power supplies have been reconfigured. Compared to the 60 deg lattice it was expected that dynamic aperture and injection will be more difficult. The synchrotron tune initially will be lower but can be brought back by raising the rf voltage. Beam emittance is held at 48 nmr by introducing a significant dispersion beat in the arcs. The lattice was successfully commissioned at currents up to 800mA in August 2007. In this paper we will compare the actual machine with the predicted behaviour, explain the correction strategies used and give an overall assessment of the operation and the benefit of the new lattice configuration.

WEPP057	Fitting Algorithms for Optical and Beam Parameters in Transfer Lines with Application to the LHC Injection Line TI2	optics, extraction, quadrupole, injection	2647
	E. Benedetto, I. V. Agapov, F. Follin, V. Kain CERN, Geneva
	As part of the commissioning with beam of the transfer line TI2 from the SPS to the LHC, a series of optics measurements has been conducted. The paper presents the results in terms of Twiss parameters (including the dispersion), emittance and momentum spread obtained from the combination of trajectory and beam profile measurements. Profiting from the redundancy of monitors, there is a possibility of applying different fitting algorithms to retrieve beam parameters and to extract information on the optics of the line. The results from the different fit methods applied to the data will be compared with the expected values and cross-checked with independent measurements with a particular emphasis on the error analysis.

WEPP058	Optics Measurements and Matching of TT2-TT10 Line for Injection of the LHC Beam in the SPS	optics, injection, scattering, betatron	2650
	E. Benedetto, G. Arduini, A. Guerrero, D. Jacquet CERN, Geneva
	A well matched injection in the SPS is very important for preserving the emittance of the LHC beam. The paper presents the algorithms used for the analysis and the results of the optics measurements done in the transfer line TT2-TT10 and in the SPS. The dispersion is computed by varying the beam momentum and recording the offsets at the BPMs, while the Twiss parameters and emittance measurements in TT2-TT10 are performed with beam profile monitors equipped with OTR screens. These results are completed by those obtained with a matching monitor installed in the SPS as a prototype for the LHC. This device makes use of an OTR screen and a fast acquisition system, to get the turn by turn beam profiles right at injection in the ring, from which the beam mismatch is computed and compared with the results obtained in the line. Finally, on the basis of such measurments, a betatron and dispersion matching of TT2-TT10 for injection in the SPS has been performed and successfully put in operation.

WEPP078	PHIL: a Test Beam line at LAL	gun, laser, simulation, vacuum	2698
	R. Roux, M. Bernard, G. Bienvenu, S. Cavalier, M. Jore, B. Leblond, B. M. Mercier, B. Mouton, C. P. Prevost, V. Variola LAL, Orsay
	For 2004, in the framework of a European contract, LAL is in charge of the construction of one photo-injector for the drive beam linac of the CLIC Test Facility 3 at CERN. This contract together with national funds allowed LAL to build a test accelerator with the same photo-injector as for CTF3. The goal is to undergo experiments on advanced RF guns but a part of the beam time will be also shared with users of the electron beam. So far, the construction of this accelerator at LAL was very much delayed because of the legal obligation to upgrade the radiation shielding in agreement with the actual radiation safety thresholds. The required civil engineering is now finished and the installation of the components is under way. We will first present a design of the accelerator and few dynamic simulation results. Finally we will give a status of the accelerator construction up to date.

WEPP079	Beam Dynamics Layout and Loss Studies for the FAIR P-Injector	quadrupole, proton, linac, beam-losses	2701
	G. Clemente, L. Groening GSI, Darmstadt S. Minaev ITEP, Moscow U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	The development of coupled CH-DTL cavities represents a major achievement in the development of the 325 MHz, 70 MeV FAIR P-Injector. This coupled-cavity solution has important consequencies on the beam dynamics design which has to be adapted to this new kind of resonator. In combination with the KONUS beam dynamics, this solution allows to achieve all the requirements of the FAIR project in terms of beam intensity and quality reducing at the same time the number of focusing elements along the machine. A layout based on 6 CH coupled modules is presented and compared with a solution composed of three coupled modules up to 35 MeV followed by three long single resonators up to the energy of 70 MeV. A redesigned 35 MeV intertank section became necessary to avoid beam losses and emittance growth. Finally, the effect of random mistakes such as quadrupole misalignments and phase as well as voltage setting errors have been investigated to determine the tolerances of mechanical construction and rf controls during operation.

WEPP081	Wake-fields and Beam Dynamics Simulations for ILC ACD Accelerating Cavities	damping, linac, simulation, higher-order-mode	2707
	C. J. Glasman, R. M. Jones UMAN, Manchester
	The ILC aims at colliding bunches of electrons and positrons at a centre of mass energy of 0.5 TeV and in a proposed upgrade to 1 TeV. These bunches of charged particle are accelerated in superconducting linacs. The baseline design for the ILC relies on the relatively mature TESLA-style cavities, with a proposed gradient of more than 30 MV/m and is known as the baseline configuration document (BCD). However, here we investigate electromagnetic fields in superconducting cavities, with the potential to reach accelerating gradients in excess of 50 MV/m, and these are the subject of the alternative configuration document (ACD). We analyse the band structure and necessary damping requirement of the wake-fields in two design configurations: Cornell's re-entrant cavity and KEK's Ichiro cavity. The emittance dilution arising from beams subjected to injection offsets and from cavity misalignments are studied in beam dynamics simulations.

WEPP089	Wake-field Suppression in the CLIC Main Linac	damping, dipole, coupling, positron	2725
	V. F. Khan, R. M. Jones UMAN, Manchester
	The CLIC linear collider aims at accelerating multiple bunches of electrons and positrons and colliding at a centre of mass energy of 3 TeV. These bunches are accelerated through X-band linacs operating at an accelerating frequency of 12 GHz. Each beam readily excites wake-fields in the accelerating cavities of each linac. The transverse components of the wake-fields, if left unchecked, can dilute the beam emittance. The present CLIC design relies on heavy damping of these wake-fields in order to ameliorate the effects of the wake-field on the beam emittance. Here we present initial results on a modified design which combines both damping and detuning of the cell frequencies of each cavity structure in order to enhance the overall decay of the wake-field. Interleaving of cell frequencies is explored as a means to improve the damping.

WEPP108	The MICE Diffuser System	controls, optics, dipole, target	2761
	M. Apollonio, J. H. Cobb, T. Handford, P. Lau, W. Lau, J. Tacon, M. Tacon, S. Q. Yang OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. Dawson JAI, Oxford
	The MICE experiment at RAL will measure the performance of a cooling channel in a variety of configurations of momentum and initial emittance. Coverage in phase space relies on the MICE diffuser, a system with five different thickness lead degraders, remotely operated in a high magnetic field. Technical issues and degrader optimisation for beam matching are discussed.

WEPP116	Muon Decay Ring Study	closed-orbit, dynamic-aperture, quadrupole, storage-ring	2770
	D. J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C. R. Prior, G. H. Rees STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon F. Meot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	Three different muon decay ring configurations are being considered for a neutrino factory. A racetrack design is the current ISS baseline (as it allows greater flexibility in the choice of detector sites) but triangular and bow-tie rings have advantages in neutrino production rates. Using tracking code simulations, a study of the latter two designs is carried out. Since spin depolarisation measurements have been proposed for muon energy calibration, spin tracking is included in this study. Dynamic aperture is important and is also calculated. International Scoping Study report, 2006. **A Blondel et al. (editors), ECFA/CERN studies of a European Neutrino Factory Complex, CERN-2004-002 and EFCA/04/230, 13 April, 2004.

WEPP121	Recirculating Ring for an Ionization Cooling Channel	lattice, closed-orbit, factory, simulation	2779
	C. T. Rogers STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	In a muon acceleration facility such as a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider, the muons created from pion decay occupy a large volume of phase space. For a good capture efficiency this phase space should be reduced and this is typically achieved using ionisation cooling channels. These are quite expensive but the cost can be reduced by recirculating muons through the cooling hardware. Recirculating a high emittance beam typical of a Neutrino Factory is very challenging if it is to be achieved without significant losses. I describe latest attempts to design a high acceptance recirculator for a muon front end.

WEPP122	Commissioning Status of the MICE Muon Beamline	target, proton, dipole, quadrupole	2782
	K. Tilley STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	It is planned to install a Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the ISIS facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This experiment will be the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to reduce the large transverse emittances expected in the early stages of a Neutrino Factory. A new muon beamline has been installed on ISIS, in order to supply muons of characteristic energy and emittance to the experiment. This paper gives an overview of the goals and design of the beamline, the detectors used to characterise the beam, and the techniques and results which have been obtained during its first operating periods in 2008. K. Tilley on behalf of the MICE Collaboration.

WEPP125	Analysis of the Vertical Beam Instability in CTF3 Combiner Ring and New RF Deflector Design	controls, resonance, simulation, impedance	2791
	D. Alesini, C. Biscari, A. Ghigo, F. Marcellini INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	In the last CTF3 run (November 2007) a vertical beam instability has been found in the Combiner Ring during operation. Possible sources of the instability are the vertical deflecting modes excited by the beam in the RF deflectors. In the first part of the paper we illustrate the results of the beam dynamics analysis obtained by a dedicated tracking code that allows including the induced transverse wake field and the multi-bunch multi-passage effects. To reduce the effects of such vertical trapped modes, the RF deflectors have been modified and two new deflectors have been designed. They have been made in aluminium and have two more ports in the input and output coupler cells to absorb the beam induced field on the vertical modes. The design of the new deflectors and the RF measurements are then presented in the paper.

WEPP146	Generation of Electron Microbunches Trains with Adjustable Sub-picosecond Spacing for PWFA and FEL applications	electron, plasma, laser, quadrupole	2830
	P. Muggli, E. Kallos USC, Los Angeles, California M. Babzien, K. Kusche, V. Yakimenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	We demonstrate that trains of subpicosecond electron microbunches, with subpicosecond spacing, can be produced by placing a mask in a large dispersion region of the beam line where the beam transverse size is dominated by the correlated energy spread. The particles are selected based on the scattering of their emittance at the mask. The electrons that hit the solid arts of the mask are subsequently lost. The mask spatial pattern is converted into a time pattern in the dispersion-free region of the beam line. The experiment was performed with the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility 60 MeV beam. We show that the number, length, and spacing of the microbunches can be controlled through the parameters of the beam and the mask. Trains with one to eight equidistant microbunches are produced. The microbunches spacing is adjusted in the 100 to 300 microns or 300 fs to 1 ps range and comparable microbunch length. The train structure is measured using CTR interferometry, and is stable in time and energy. Such microbunch trains can be further compressed and accelerated, and have applications to free electron lasers (FELs) and plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFAs).

WEPP149	Advances in Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling	resonance, coupling, space-charge, betatron	2838
	Y. S. Derbenev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia R. P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia
	Parametric-resonance ionization cooling (PIC) is a muon-cooling technique that is useful for low-emittance muon colliders. This method requires a well-tuned focusing channel that is free of chromatic and spherical aberrations. The dispersion function of the channel must be large where the correction magnets are placed for aberration control but small and non-zero where the ionization cooling beryllium wedges are located to provide emittance exchange to maintain small momentum spread. In order to be of practical use in a muon collider, it also necessary that the focusing channel be as short as possible to minimize muon loss due to decay. A compact PIC focusing channel is described in which new magnet concepts are used to generate the required lattice functions.

WEPP153	Status of the MANX Muon Cooling Experiment	dipole, simulation, collider, beam-cooling	2844
	K. Yonehara, D. R. Broemmelsiek, M. Hu, A. Jansson, V. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, M. J. Lamm, M. L. Lopes, V. D. Shiltsev, V. Yarba, M. Yu, A. V. Zlobin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois R. J. Abrams, M. A.C. Cummings, R. P. Johnson, S. A. Kahn, T. J. Roberts Muons, Inc, Batavia
	MANX is an experiment to prove that effective six-dimensional (6D) muon beam cooling can be achieved a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) using ionization-cooling with helical and solenoidal magnets in a novel configuration. The aim is to demonstrate that 6D muon beam cooling is understood well enough to plan intense neutrino factories and high-luminosity muon colliders. The experiment consists of the HCC magnets that envelop a liquid helium energy absorber, upstream and downstream instrumentation to measure the particle or beam parameters before and after cooling, and emittance matching sections between the detectors and the HCC. Studies are presented of the effects of detector resolution and magnetic field errors on the beam cooling measurements.

WEPP154	Linac-LHC ep Collider Options	linac, proton, electron, luminosity	2847
	F. Zimmermann, F. Bordry, H.-H. Braun, O. S. Brüning, H. Burkhardt, R. Garoby, T. P.R. Linnecar, K. H. Mess, J. A. Osborne, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, J. Tuckmantel, A. de Roeck CERN, Geneva H. Aksakal N. U, Nigde S. Chattopadhyay Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire A. K. Ciftci Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara J. B. Dainton Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool A. Eide EPFL, Lausanne B. J. Holzer DESY, Hamburg M. Klein University of Liverpool, Liverpool S. Sultansoy TOBB ETU, Ankara A. Vivoli LAL, Orsay F. J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York
	We describe various parameter scenarios for a ring-linac ep collider based on LHC and an independent s.c. electron linac. Luminosities of order 10³²/cm²/s can be achieved with a standard ILC-like linac, operated either in pulsed or cw mode, with acceptable beam power. Reaching much higher luminosities, up to 10³⁴/cm²/s and beyond, would require the use of two linacs and the implementation of energy recovery. Advantages and challenges of a ring-linac ep collider vis-a-vis an alternative ring-ring collider are discussed.

WEPP164	Beam Collimation Studies for the ILC Positron Source	collimation, positron, damping, target	2871
	A. I. Drozhdin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois Y. Nosochkov, F. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The results of collimation studies for the ILC positron source beam line are presented. The calculations of primary positron beam loss are done using the ELEGANT code. The secondary positron and electron beam loss, synchrotron radiation along the beam line and bremsstrahlung radiation in the collimators are simulated using the STRUCT code. The first part of the system, located right after the positron source target at 0.125 GeV, is used for protection of super-conducting RF Linac from heating and radiation. The second part of the system is used for final collimation of the beam before injection to the Damping Ring at 5 GeV. The calculated power loss in the collimation region is about 100 W/m, with loss in the collimators of 0.2-5 kW. The beam transfer efficiency from target to the Damping Ring is 13.5%.

WEPP167	Effect of Collimator Wakefields in the Beam Delivery System of the International Linear Collider	lattice, simulation, collimation, linear-collider	2880
	A. M. Toader, R. J. Barlow UMAN, Manchester D. Angal-Kalinin, F. Jackson STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	The collimators in the design of the International Linear Collider (ILC) Beam Delivery System (BDS) may be a significant source of wakefields and significantly degrade luminosity. New simulations are used to predict the effect of BDS collimator wakefields, and compared with previous analytical methods. BDS lattices optimised for improved collimation performance are also examined.

THYG03	Ionization Cooling and Muon Colliders	collider, factory, dipole, luminosity	2917
	R. P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia
	Recent developments in the field of muon beam cooling are reviewed. A view of the impact of new cooling concepts on the overall design of muon colliders is included, as are the prospects for the experimental verification of the required muon beam cooling concepts and technology.
	Slides

THYM01	Simulation of Beam-beam Effects and Tevatron Experience	antiproton, proton, beam-beam-effects, simulation	2937
	A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Simulations of beam-beam effects in the Tevatron correctly describe reality, have predictive power and have been used to support a change in the Tevatron working point to near the half integer. The simulation models and tools are discussed, and comparisons made with observations and measurements.
	Slides

THYM02	Incoherent Effects of Space Charge and Electron Cloud	resonance, incoherent-effects, beam-losses, space-charge	2942
	G. Franchetti, I. Hofmann GSI, Darmstadt F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	Trapping in, or scattering off, resonances driven by space charge or electron cloud in conjunction with synchrotron motion can explain numerous observations of slow beam loss and emittance growth, which are often accompanied by changes in the longitudinal beam profile. This talk will review recent progress in understanding and modelling the underlying mechanisms, highlight the differences and similarities between space charge and electron cloud, and discuss simulation results in the light of experimental observations, e.g., at GSI, CERN and BNL.
	Slides

THPC003	Sum of Emittance in the Presence of a Linear Coupling	coupling, betatron, quadrupole, focusing	2975
	M. Aslaninejad, H. Ghasem IPM, Tehran
	In this article, the influence of linear coupling due to skew quadrupoles on the transverse equations of motion and emittances in accelerators is studied. We first introduce the definition of the transverse single particle emittances using the Floquet transformation in alternating gradient as well as the constant focusing rings, then in the presence of the linear coupling, due to skew quadrupoles we introduce the coupled differential equations governing the particles motion and try to solve them by a direct method and also using the normal modes of motion to find the relation between the two transverse emittances. Based on smooth approximation and using the normal modes* we solve the equations of motion of a test charged particle and derive two new formulas for the sum of the emittances, and the conditions under which this sum is invariant. P. J.Bryant, CERN Acclerator School, CERN, PROCEEDINGS, 94-01, Vol. I. *E. Metral, CERN/PS 2001-066(AE).

THPC004	Chromatic and Wakefield Effects in PSI-XFEL Linac	linac, quadrupole, electron, injection	2978
	B. Grigoryan, G. A. Amatuni, V. M. Tsakanov CANDLE, Yerevan R. J. Bakker, Y. Kim, M. Pedrozzi, J.-Y. Raguin PSI, Villigen
	Detailed knowledge about the wakefield and chromatic effects on electron beam emittance is an important issue to preserve the natural emittance of the beam in linear accelerators for FEL. The study of these two effects for beam and accelerator components imperfections in PSI-XFEL S-Band linear accelerator is presented. Emittance dilution caused by the beam coherent oscillations, accelerating section and quadrupole misalignments is analysed. The residual chromatic emittance dilution of the corrected trajectory is evaluated.

THPC005	Conceptual Design of Booster Synchrotron forTPS	booster, lattice, storage-ring, quadrupole	2981
	H. C. Chao, H.-P. Chang, P. J. Chou, C.-C. Kuo, G.-H. Luo, H.-J. Tsai, J. W. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	A six-folded concentric booster of 489.6 m with non-dispersive straights of length 5.8 m is designed for TPS storage ring of 518.4 m. The structure consists of modified FODO lattice with defocusing quadrupole fields built in bending magnets. The designed emittance is less than 10 nm-rad at 3 GeV. In this paper, the phenomenon during the ramping from 150 MeV to 3.0 GeV including the eddy current effect, the evolutions of beam emittance, energy spread, and bucket acceptance, will be discussed. In addition, closed orbit correction scheme, aperture request as well as injection and extraction schemes are described.

THPC007	Permanent Magnet Skew Quadrupoles for the Low Emittance LER Lattice of PEP-II	quadrupole, permanent-magnet, lattice, coupling	2987
	F.-J. Decker, S. D. Anderson, D. Kharakh, M. K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California
	The vertical emittance of the low energy ring (LER) in the PEP-II B-Factory was reduced by using skew quadrupoles consisting of permanent magnet material. The advantages over electric quadrupoles or rotating existing normal quadrupoles are discussed. To assure a high field quality a Biot Savart calculation was used to cancel the natural 12-pole component by using different size poles over a few layers. A magnetic measurement confirmed the high quality of the magnets. After installation and adjusting the original 12 skew and 16 normal quadrupoles the emittance contribution from the region close to the interaction point, which was the biggest part in the original design, was considerably reduced.

THPC012	Longitudinal Beam Dynamics Studies for the FERMI@ELETTRA Linac	linac, klystron, electron, space-charge	2999
	O. Ferrando, G. D'Auria ELETTRA, Basovizza, Trieste
	FERMI is a single-pass FEL project under construction at Sincrotrone Trieste Laboratory. It will be driven by the present warm S-band linac, upgraded by the addition of seven accelerating sections to bring its working energy up to 1.2 GeV. The goal of the project is to have an X-ray user facility covering the wavelength region between 100 -10 nm. The stringent constraints on the electron beam parameters required by FERMI, such as emittance, pulse to pulse energy and current stabilities, and time of arrival of the bunch at the input of the undulator chain, impose very stringent requirements on the parameters and operating conditions of the linac accelerating sections. To address the problem, i.e. evaluating the operating conditions of the machine and the flexibility of the adopted layout, beam dynamics studies with the LiTrack code have been performed. Here the results of different linac settings as well as the allowed variations in terms of RF phase and amplitude of the accelerating field are presented and discussed.

THPC013	Start to End Simulations of Transverse to Longitudinal Emittance Exchange at the A0 Photoinjector	simulation, radiation, space-charge, synchrotron	3002
	R. P. Fliller, H. T. Edwards, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois T. W. Koeth Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
	Various schemes to exchange the transverse and longitudinal emittance have been proposed (Cornacchia and Emma, Kim et.al). One scheme involves a deflecting mode RF cavity between two doglegs to exchange the horizontal and longitudinal emittances. This will produce a complete and uncoupled emittance exchange in the thin cavity limit using first order matrix optics. Various other effects, such as a finite length cavity, can leave the emittances coupled after the exchange and dilute the final emittances. Other effects such as space charge and synchrotron radiation can only be investigated through simulations. An exchange experiment is underway at the A0 Photoinjector at Fermilab. In this paper we present start to end simulations of the experiment using various codes to account for space charge and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation effects. Astra is used to simulate all of the straight sections, including the deflecting mode RF cavity. CSR track simulates the doglegs, and the spectrometer. The results of these simulations are compared with analytical approximations and preliminary data. The effect on the exchange is also discussed.

THPC014	Investigation of Possible CSR Induced Energy Spread Effects with the A0 Photoinjector Bunch Compressor	simulation, radiation, electron, synchrotron	3005
	R. P. Fliller, H. T. Edwards, G. M. Kazakevich, J. Ruan, R. Thurman-Keup Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois T. W. Koeth Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
	The bunch compressor of the A0 Photoinjector at Fermilab was removed this past spring to install a transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange experiment. Prior to its removal questions arose about the possibility of observing the effects of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation on the compressed beam. The energy spread of the beam with and without compression was measured to observe any changes. Various beam charges were used to look for square law effects associated with CSR. No direct observation of CSR was attempted because the design of the vacuum chamber did not allow it. In this paper we report the results of these experiments and comparison with simulations using ASTRA and CSRTrack. The results are compared with analytical approximations. The implications for the ongoing transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange experiment are discussed.

THPC017	Optimisation of a Beam Transfer FODO Line	quadrupole, vacuum, optics, beam-losses	3014
	J. B. Jeanneret, H.-H. Braun CERN, Geneva
	With in view the design of the CLIC long transfer lines, we developed a formal approach for the optimisation of a straight FODO line. Optimum phase advance and cell length depending on beam parameters are derived for power consumption, overall cost and sensitivity to quadrupole misalignment.

THPC018	Beam Dynamics Issues in the CLIC Long Transfer Line	ion, electron, injection, positron	3017
	J. B. Jeanneret, E. Adli, A. Latina, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas CERN, Geneva
	Both the main beam and the drive beam of the CLIC project must be transported from the central production site to the head of the main linacs over more than twenty kilometres. Over such distances chromatic aberrations are substantial. With long distances and large beam currents, detuning and instabilities associated to ion production and multi-bunch resistive wall effects must also be considered. These effects are quantified and simulated. Based on these results, we propose a baseline design for these two lines.

THPC020	Emittance Exchange at the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector	optics, diagnostics, electron, controls	3020
	T. W. Koeth Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey L. Bellantoni, H. T. Edwards, R. P. Fliller, A. H. Lumpkin, J. Ruan Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	A transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange experiment is underway at the A0 Photoinjector at Fermilab. Our scheme employs a TM110 deflecting mode RF cavity between two magnetic doglegs proposed by Kim et. al. The beamline has been installed, characterization of the beamline is complete and data taking has begun. In this paper we report on efforts to date to observe the transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange. Measurements will be compared to analytical predictions and simulations.

THPC028	High Energy Beam Transport Line for the IFMIF-EVEDA Accelerator	quadrupole, diagnostics, beam-transport, dipole	3041
	C. Oliver, B. Brañas, A. Ibarra, I. Podadera Aliseda CIEMAT, Madrid N. Chauvin, A. Mosnier, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA cw deuteron accelerator which will verify the validity of the design of the future IFMIF accelerator. A transport line is necessary to handle the high current beam from the DTL exit up to the beam dump. This line must produce the beam expansion to obtain an acceptable power density at the beam dump. Therefore the design of the transport line must consider the geometry and power handling capacity of the beam dump, the space requirements for diagnostics and the restrictions on the maximum length of the line. In addition, a bending magnet is required in order to avoid excessive irradiation of the diagnostics and line elements by neutrons and gammas produced at the beam dump and to perform energy spread measurements. In this contribution, the preliminary design of the high energy beam transport line will be presented. The results of a sensitivity study to the input beam and line elements errors will also be discussed.

THPC030	Simulation Studies of Correlated Misalignments in the ILC Main Linac and the Influence of Ground Motion	alignment, simulation, linac, survey	3044
	F. Poirier, D. Kruecker, I. Melzer-Pellmann, N. J. Walker DESY, Hamburg
	Component misalignments are an important source of emittance dilution in the main linac of the International Linear Collider (ILC). The impact of static uncorrelated alignment errors has been widely studied with various simulation codes and several beam based alignment algorithms. For a realistic scenario one has to take into account that the survey and alignment process will introduce correlations between the component errors. In the present paper we study the performance of the Dispersion Matched Steering (DMS) technique for the case of such correlated misalignments. Different models for the correlations are investigated including a proposed alignment strategy for the ILC main linac* which has been implemented into the Merlin C++ library*. In addition to the initial static errors, dynamic errors due to ground motion will produce an emittance growth with time. For this case we have also investigated the stability of DMS tuning over time. Kiyoshi Kubo, private communication ** Merlin - A C++ Class Library for Accelerator Simulations; http://www.desy.de/~merlin.

THPC033	Global Optimization of the Magnetic Lattice Using Genetic Algoritihms	lattice, quadrupole, storage-ring, insertion	3050
	D. Robin, F. Sannibale, C. Steier, W. Wan, L. Yang LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The traditional process of designing and tuning the magnetic lattice of a particle storage ring lattice to produce certain desired properties is not straight forward. Often solutions are found through trial and error and it is not clear that the solutions are close to optimal. In this paper we employ a technique we call GLASS (GLobal scan of All Stable Settings) that allows us to rapidly scan and find all possible stable modes and then characterize their associated properties. In this paper we illustrate how the GLASS technique gives a global and comprehensive vision of the capabilities of the lattice. In a sense, GLASS functions as a lattice observatory clearly displaying all possibilities. The power of the GLASS technique is that it is very fast and comprehensive. There is no fitting involved. It gives the lattice designer clear guidance as to where to look for interesting operational points. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to two existing storage ring lattices - the triple bend achromat of the ALS and the double bend achromat of CAMD. We extend the analysis to more complex lattices using multiobjective evolutionary analysis.

THPC037	Studies of Orthogonal Bumps for ILC Main Linac	linac, alignment, coupling, simulation	3059
	N. Solyak Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois S. A. Glukhov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	To preserve small vertical emittance of the beam in ILC main linac a few beam-based alignment techniques were proposed and studied in recent years. Dispersion and wakefield bumps are one of the effective tool for final tuning of the machine. One of the modifications of bumps is so called orthogonal (or SVD) bumps, proposed for CLIC. In paper we present study of orthogonal bumps performances for final alignment of the ILC main linac.

THPC038	Beam Dynamic Simulations of the New Polarized Electron Injector of the S-DALINAC	simulation, electron, gun, linac	3062
	B. Steiner, W. Ackermann, S. S. Franke, W. F.O. Müller, T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt R. Barday, C. Eckardt, R. Eichhorn, J. Enders, C. Hessler, Y. Poltoratska, A. Richter, M. Roth TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
	Aiming at an extension of the experimental possibilities at the Superconducting Darmstadt electron linear accelerator S-DALINAC, a polarized gun is going to be constructed at the moment. The new injector will be able to supply polarized electrons with kinetic energy in the 100 keV range and should add to the present unpolarized thermionic 250 keV source. The design requirements include a polarization degree of at least 80%, a mean current intensity of 60 μA and a 3 GHz cw time structure. The gun part is simulated in CST MAFIA whereas subsequent beam dynamics simulations are performed in V-Code. Initial conditions for the V-Code’s moment approach are extracted from the CST MAFIA simulations. The injector consists of short triplets, an alpha magnet, a Wien filter, a Mott polarimeter, a chopper/prebuncher system and beam diagnostic elements. For the simulations, the 3D electromagnetic fields of the beam line elements are used by means of a Taylor series expansion of variable order. All components except the chopper and a collimator is represented in the simulations. Recent beam dynamic results will be presented.

THPC041	Closed Orbit Correction and Orbit Stabilization Control for TPS Storage Ring	quadrupole, closed-orbit, dipole, radiation	3068
	H.-J. Tsai, H.-P. Chang, H. C. Chao, P. J. Chou, K. T. Hsu, C.-C. Kuo, W. T. Liu, J. W. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu
	TPS is a 3 GeV synchrotron storage ring proposed in Taiwan. The designed natural emittance with slightly positive dispersion in the straight sections is less than 2 nm-rad. With 1% emittance coupling, the beam size in horizontal and vertical plane are 120/5 micron in the short straight sections, respectively. The beam position stability requirements are 10% of the beam sizes, i.e., 12/0.5 micron in the horizontal/vertical plane. The closed orbit distortions due to alignment displacement and magnetic field errors are simulated. The distribution of beam position monitors and the location of slow and fast correctors are proposed and the level of achievement is shown.

THPC046	Heating Rate of Highly Space-charge-dominated Ion Beams in a Storage Ring	lattice, simulation, ion, storage-ring	3080
	Y. Yuri JAEA/ARTC, Takasaki H. Okamoto HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
	We investigate the heating process of highly space-charge-dominated ion beams in a storage ring, using the molecular dynamics simulation technique. To evaluate the heating rate over the whole temperature range, we start from an ultra-low-emittance state where the beam is Coulomb crystallized, apply perturbation to it, and follow the emittance evolution. When the ring lattice is properly designed, the heating rate is quite low at ultralow temperature because random Coulomb collisions are suppressed. It gradually increases after the ordered state is destroyed by perturbation, and comes to a peak when the beam reaches a liquid phase. The dependence of the heating behavior on the beam line density and betatron tune is explored systematically. The effect of lattice imperfection on the stability of crystalline beams is also confirmed. J. Wei and A. M. Sessler, EPAC'96, p.1179.

THPC051	Adiabaticity and Reversibility Studies for Beam Splitting Using Stable Resonances	resonance, synchrotron, coupling, proton	3095
	S. S. Gilardoni, F. Franchi, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva
	At the CERN Proton Synchrotron, a series of beam experiments proved beam splitting by crossing the one-fourth resonance. Depending on the speed at which the horizontal resonance is crossed, the splitting process is more or less adiabatic, and a different fraction of the initial beam is trapped in the islands. Experiments prove that when the trapping process is reversed and the islands merged together, the final distribution features thick tails. The beam population in such tails is correlated to the speed of the resonance crossing and to the fraction of the beam trapped in the stable islands. Experiments, simulations, and possible theoretical explanations are discussed.

THPC056	Stability Change of Fourth-order Resonance with Application to Multi-turn Extraction Schemes	resonance, extraction, simulation, synchrotron	3110
	M. Giovannozzi, D. Quatraro CERN, Geneva G. Turchetti Bologna University, Bologna
	Recently, a novel multi-turn extraction scheme was proposed, based on particle trapping inside stable resonances. Numerical simulations and experimental tests confirmed the feasibility of such a scheme for low order resonances. While the 3rd order resonance is generically unstable and those higher than 4th order are generically stable, the 4th order resonance can be either stable or unstable depending on the details of the system under consideration. By means of the normal form approach a general formula to control the stability of the 4th order resonance is derived. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical results and show that by crossing the unstable 4th order resonance the region around the centre of phase space is depleted and particles are trapped only in the four stable islands. This indicates that a four-turn extraction could be envisaged based on this technique.

THPC059	Studies of Wire Compensation and Beam-beam Interaction in RHIC	simulation, dynamic-aperture, beam-losses, luminosity	3119
	H. J. Kim, T. Sen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois N. P. Abreu, W. Fischer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Beam-beam interaction is one of the dominant source of emittance growth and luminosity lifetime deterioration. A current carrying wire has been proposed to compensate long-range beam-beam effects in the LHC and the principle is now being experimentally investigated at RHIC. In this paper, we use simulations to study the effectiveness of wire compensation based on tune footprints, diffusive apertures, and beam loss rates using a parallel weak-strong beam simulation code (BBSIM). In addition we extensively study the diffusion properties of RHIC beams for different beam and wire parameters. Beam-beam effects on emittance growth are investigated through the solution of the diffusion equation for the transverse action variables.

THPC062	Multi-Particle Weak-Strong Simulations of RHIC Head-on Beam-Beam Compensation	simulation, proton, electron, dynamic-aperture	3125
	Y. Luo, N. P. Abreu, W. Fischer, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	An electron beam has been proposed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to compensate beam-beam effects in polarized proton collisions. This electron beam will collide head-on with the proton beam. Using the weak-strong beam-beam interaction model, we have carried out six-dimensional multiparticle simulations to investigate the effects of head-on beam-beam compensation. Beam lifetime, transverse emittances, and luminosity are calculated for cases with and without beam-beam compensation for up to 10 million turns. The migrations of particles between different actions and the beam spectrum are also calculated.

THPC069	Impact of Magnet Misalignment in an ERL for Electron Cooling in RHIC	electron, dipole, linac, space-charge	3146
	V. H. Ranjbar, D. T. Abell, K. Paul Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado I. Ben-Zvi, J. Kewisch BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York R. D. Ryne LBNL, Berkeley, California
	The MaryLie/IMPACT code was recently upgraded to include magnet errors. We have used the code to assess the sensitivity of final emittance of an ERL injector for the proposed RHIC electron cooler to up-stream magnetic element misalignments. This calculation will help determine the error tolerance for the construction of the ERL.

THPC081	RF Wire Compensator of Long-range Beam-beam Effects	coupling, dynamic-aperture, simulation, beam-beam-effects	3173
	U. Dorda, F. Caspers, T. Kroyer, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	The dynamic aperture of the proton beam circulating in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to be limited by up to 120 long-range beam-beam encounters. In order to perfectly compensate the LHC long-range beam-beam effect for nominal as well as for so-called 'PACMAN' bunches, i.e. bunches at the start or end of a bunch train, the wire compensator strength should be adjusted for each bunch individually. Here an RF-based compensator is proposed as a practical solution for the PACMAN compensation. We show that this approach also allows relaxing the power and precision requirements compared with those of a pulsed DC device, to a level within the state-of-the-art of RF technology. Furthermore it allows the use of a passive circulator in the tunnel close to the beam and thus a significantly reduction of the transmission line length and of the resulting multiple reflection issues. Simulations, issues related to RF phase noise and first experimental results from laboratory models as well as from a wire-compensator prototype installed in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) are presented.

THPC084	Studies of Electromagnetic Space-charge Fields in RF Photocathode Guns	space-charge, gun, simulation, cathode	3182
	C. S. Park, M. Hess IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	In high-brightness rf photocathode guns, the effects of space-charge can be important. In an effort to accurately simulate the effects of these space-charge fields without the presence of numerical grid dispersion, a Green’s function based code called IRPSS (Indiana Rf Photocathode Source Simulator) was developed. In this paper, we show the results of numerical simulations of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator photocathode gun using IRPSS, and compare them with the results of an electrostatic based simulation code. In addition, we show how electromagnetic space-charge fields can affect the designs of photocathode gun magnetic focusing schemes, such as emittance compensation. We will also show how a multipole moment method can be effectively utilized to compute the reflections of electromagnetic space-charge fields due to irises in photocathode guns. M. Hess, C. S. Park, and D. Bolton. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 054201 (2007).

THPC086	Transverse Mismatch Oscillations of a Bunched Beam in Presence of Space Charge and External Nonlinearities	simulation, synchrotron, lattice, space-charge	3188
	C. Benedetti, G. Turchetti Bologna University, Bologna G. Franchetti, I. Hofmann GSI, Darmstadt
	The damping of transverse mismatch oscillations depends on the combined effect of space charge as well as external nonlinearities. Previous studies of this problem for high intensity beams in a synchrotron have not included the combined effect of synchrotron oscillation and external nonlinearities on mismatch. In this paper we explore by 2.5D particle in cell simulations the effect on emittance growth, halo and beam loss caused by space charge, synchrotron oscillation and external nonlinearities. Different tunes are considered in order to understand the importance of external nonlinearities as function of the distance of the working point from the resonance condition.

THPC088	Beam Dynamics Simulation of Superconducting HWR Option for the IFMIF Linac	linac, simulation, rfq, beam-losses	3194
	N. Chauvin, A. Mosnier, P. A.P. Nghiem, D. Uriot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	One of the requirements of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a 250 mA, 40 MeV cw deuteron beam provided by two 125 mA linacs. In this paper, a design based on superconducting half-wave resonators (HWR) for the 5 to 40 MeV section of the IFMIF driver accelerator is presented. Multi particle beam dynamics simulations have been performed in order to validate the linac design in such a high charge space regime. A Monte Carlo error analysis has been carried out to study the effects of misalignments or field variations. The results of the simulations are presented and the final specifications of the HWR linac are summarized.

THPC097	A Full Analytical Method to Determine Equilibrium Quantities of Mismatched Charged Particle Beams evolving in Linear Channels	simulation, focusing, coupling, resonance	3203
	R. P. Nunes, F. B. Rizzato IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre
	The focus of this work is to show a full analytical expression to determine relevant equilibrium quantities of a magnetically focused and high-intensity charged particle beam when evolving in a linear channel. Through the current approach, some intermediate steps of our original hybrid model which have to be solved numerically now can be eliminated, leading to the obtainment of a full analytical expression. This expression relates initial beam parameters with those obtained at equilibrium, allowing that the fraction of halo particles f can be evaluated. As a consequence, through the developed model, beam quantities like the envelope and emittance can be naturally determined. This is important in the accelerator engineering, since halo characteristics is a factor to be considered in the design of its confinement structure. For validation, full self-consistent N-particle beam numerical simulations have been carried out and its results compared with the predictions supplied by the full analytical model. The agreement is shown to be nice as with the simulations as with the hybrid numerical-analytical version of the model.

THPC098	Halo characterization of initially mismatched beams through phase-space modeling	simulation, focusing, coupling, plasma	3206
	R. P. Nunes, F. B. Rizzato IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre
	This work discusses a method of characterizing the beam particles with just some assumptions about the entire beam phase-space topology. At equilibrium, the beam phase-space can be recognized as composed by almost two distinct regions: a thin horizontal branch over the r axis that is populated by the core particles and a curve branch in the dr/ds x r plane, which is populated by the halo particles. Since these regions have a regular shape, then it is readily possible to convert them to an analytical expression. Two distinct shapes have been employed (circular and elliptical) to model the beam halo branch. With this, all usual initial beam mismatch values are covered with accuracy to determine the beam envelope and emittance at equilibrium. Full self-consistent N-particle beam simulations have been carried out and its results compared with the ones obtained with the model. Results agreed nice for all analyzed mismatch cases.

THPC101	Transverse Schottky Noise and Beam Transfer Functions with Space Charge	space-charge, ion, synchrotron, heavy-ion	3212
	S. Paret, O. Boine-Frankenheim, V. Kornilov GSI, Darmstadt T. Weiland TEMF, Darmstadt
	The heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 will serve as booster for the synchrotron SIS100 to be built as part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). As such the SIS18 should accelerate ion beams with a factor of 10-100 higher intensity, compared to the present performance. Beams of such intensities may suffer instabilities due to collective effects. Particularly at injection-energy space charge and the resistive wall impedance will affect the beam remarkably. Experiments for the investigation of direct space charge were performed in SIS18. Transverse Schottky signals and beam transfer functions (BTF) of coasting ion beams affected by space charge were measured. A distortion of the Schottky bands and BTF was observed and compared to a simple model allowing for linear space charge. The model reproduced the deformation and yielded parameters of the beam.

THPC103	Wave Breaking and Test Particle Dynamics in Inhomogeneous Beams	simulation, focusing, plasma, space-charge	3218
	F. B. Rizzato, Y. Levin, R. P. Nunes, R. Pakter, E. G. Souza IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre
	This work analyzes the dynamics of inhomogeneous, magnetically focused high-intensity beams of charged particles. While for homogeneous beams the whole system oscillates with a single frequency, any inhomogeneity leads to propagating transverse density waves which eventually result in a singular density build up, causing wave breaking and jet formation. Wave breaking is shown to relax the mismatched beam and we make use of Lynden-Bell's theory of violent relaxation to estimate characteristics of the relaxed state.

THPC104	Optical Diagnostic on Gabor Plasma Lenses	electron, plasma, ion, simulation	3221
	K. Schulte, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	Gabor lenses have been built and successfully been used for the focussing of particle beams. In the case of a positive ion beam the space charge of the confined electron cloud may cause an over compensation of the ion beam space charge force and consequently focus the beam. The nonneutral plasma (NNP) is influenced by the external fields and its current state can be determined by the beam emittance growth. Experiments using a high field Gabor lens have shown a correlation between the thermalization of the enclosed electron cloud and the focussing quality. A three segmented Gabor lens was constructed recently for a more detailed investigation of the plasma parameters as a function of the external fields. The commissioning of the lens has been finished successfully and the light emitted by the interaction between the electron cloud and the residual gas has been observed. In a next step the experiments will concentrate on the spectral analyses of the emitted light to evaluate the temperature and density distribution of the confined NNP. Experimental results will be presented in comparison with numerical simulation.

THPC110	Investigation of Helical Cooling Channel	simulation, coupling, superconductivity, quadrupole	3233
	K. Yonehara, V. Balbekov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	A helical cooling channel (HCC) has been proposed to quickly reduce phase space of muon beams. It is composed of solenoidal and helical coils to provide focusing and dispersion needed for the six-dimension cooling. A comprehensive investigation of the HCC is performed in presented work including theoretical analysis, particle tracking and Monte Carlo simulation. These results are also compared with the past simulation results* to confirm the helical cooling theory. Optimization of the channel and estimation of its ultimate performances are presented. Y. Derbenev and R. P. Johnson. PRSTAB 8, 041002 (2005). *K. Yonehara et al. TPPP052, Particle Accelerator Conference 2005.

THPC113	Feedback Damper System for Quadrupole Oscillations after Transition at RHIC	feedback, quadrupole, damping, heavy-ion	3242
	N. P. Abreu, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, C. Schultheiss BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The heavy ion beam at RHIC undergoes a strong quadrupole oscillations just after it crosses transition, which in turn leads to an increase in bunch length making rebucketing less effective. A feedback system was built to damp these quadrupole oscillations and in this paper the characteristics of the system and the results obtained are presented and discussed.

THPC130	Integrated Global Orbit Feedback with Slow and Fast Correctors	feedback, power-supply, brilliance, storage-ring	3292
	I. Pinayev BNL, Upton, New York
	The NSLS-II Light Source which is planned to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory will provide users with ultra-bright synchrotron radiation sources and is designed for horizontal beam emittances <1 nm. Full utilization of the very small emittances and beam sizes requires sub-micron orbit stability in the storage ring. This can be provided by means of a wide bandwidth orbit feedback system. Traditional approach is to utilize a uniform set of fast correctors or use two separate systems with strong slow and weaker fast correctors. In the latter case two systems need to communicate to suppress transients associated with different update rates of corrector settings. In this paper we consider an integrated system with two types of correctors. Its main feature is that setpoints of slow correctors are updated with the same rate as fast correctors; however the bandwidth is limited in order to stay in linear regime. Possible architectures and technical solutions as well as achievable performance are discussed.

THPC135	Vertical Emittance Measurements and Optimisation at the Australian Synchrotron	quadrupole, coupling, lattice, storage-ring	3303
	M. J. Spencer, R. T. Dowd, G. LeBlanc ASP, Clayton, Victoria
	Adjustment to the vertical emittance of the Australian Synchrotron storage ring was made using 28 skew quadrupoles. The skew quadrupole settings were calculated using the LOCO method which uses measurements of vertical dispersion as well as transverse coupling. The vertical emittance was monitored indirectly through lifetime, tune crossing, x-ray pinhole camera and calibrated model calculations. The paper outlines the results of these studies.

THPP011	Beam Acceleration Studies of Proton NS-FFAG	resonance, acceleration, lattice, proton	3398
	T. Yokoi, J. H. Cobb OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon K. J. Peach, S. L. Sheehy JAI, Oxford
	The NS-FFAG is a novel idea of a fixed field accelerator which has advantages in flexible design and machine operation for fixed field accelerator. However, due to the large tune variation with energy, fast acceleration is a key issue to circumvent the resonance problem in a linear NS-FFAG. At the moment, there is no numerical study of how fast it needs be. In this paper, using a lattice of a NS-FFAG for particle therapy, results of tracking study including acceleration rate, positioning tolerance are presented.

THPP036	The Superconducting Solution for the EURISOL DS Postaccelerator Injector	rfq, ion, bunching, simulation	3446
	P. A. Posocco Consorzio RFX, Euratom ENEA Association, Padova G. Bisoffi, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent, P. A. Posocco INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova
	In the framework of EURISOL design study, the superconducting solution for the Post-Accelerator injector foresees the use of two RFQs, one Super Conducting and one Normal Conducting, both operating CW at 88 MHz. After the multiple ionization in the ECR breeder on low voltage platform, the rare ions beam (3 ≤ A/q ≤ 7) is bunched at the main frequency by the NC RFQ without both losses and transverse emittance increase and accelerated afterwards through the SC RFQ up to 560 keV/u. A 8.8 MHz pulsed beam can be delivered to experiments placing a 3 harmonic buncher before the NC RFQ with overall beam losses lower than 25%. The beam dynamics results of the study of this solution as well as the main RF design and construction analysis of the main components are presented. http://www.eurisol.org

THPP037	A Decelerator for Heavy Highly Charge Ions at HITRAP	ion, linac, background, heavy-ion	3449
	J. Pfister, B. Hofmann, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main W. Barth, L. A. Dahl, P. Gerhard, O. K. Kester, W. Quint, T. Stoehlker GSI, Darmstadt
	The heavy highly charged ion trap (HITRAP) project at GSI is in the commissioning phase. Highly charged ions up to U⁹²⁺ provided by the GSI accelerator facility will be decelerated and subsequently injected into a large Penning trap for further cooling almost to rest. A combination of an IH^- and an RFQ-structure decelerates the ions from 4 MeV/u down to 6 keV/u. In front of the decelerator a double drift-buncher-system provides for phase focusing and a final de-buncher integrated in the RFQ-tank reduces the energy spread in order to improve the efficiency for beam capture in the cooler trap. This contribution concentrates on the beam dynamics simulations and corresponding measurements in the first commissioning beam times.

THPP038	Phase 1 Commissioning Status of the 40 MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator SARAF	rfq, proton, ion, ion-source	3452
	C. Piel, K. Dunkel, F. Kremer, M. Pekeler, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach D. Berkovits, I. Mardor Soreq NRC, Yavne
	Since January 2007 all accelerator equipment of the Phase 1 for the 40MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator is at the SARAF site and installed for the commissioning. The target of Phase 1 is to get the ECR ion source and RFQ into operation and to perform all relevant test with the cryo module housing 6 super conducting half wave resonators, to show that the design values of the system can be reached. Based on those results the Phase 2 shall start, to reach the final energy of 40MeV with up to 2mA of Protons and Deuterons. The ECR source is in routine operation since June 2006, the RFQ already have been operated with Protons and currently is under characterisation. After the characterisation has been finalised it is anticipated to move the cryo module in the beam line and to perform further beam characterisation. The entire beam characterisation is closely followed by beam dynamics simulations. Recent results of the commissioning will be presented and comparisons made between measurements and beam dynamics calculations.

THPP044	Experience with the SNS SC Linac	linac, beam-losses, focusing, beam-transport	3461
	Y. Zhang, A. V. Aleksandrov, C. K. Allen, I. E. Campisi, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, J. Galambos, J. A. Holmes, D.-O. Jeon, S.-H. Kim, T. A. Pelaia, A. P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The SNS SC linac (SCL) is designed to deliver 1 GeV, up to 1.56 MW pulsed H^- beams for neutron production. Beam commissioning of the SNS accelerator systems completed in June 2006 with the maximum linac output beam energy approximately 952 MeV. In 2007, we successfully tuned the SCL for 1 GeV beams during a test run, and the SNS linac achieved its design energy for the first time. During the linac tune-up, phase scan signature matching, drifting beam measurement as well as linac RF cavity phase scaling was applied. In this paper, we will introduce the experiences with the SCL, and we will also briefly discuss beam parameter measurements.

THPP053	One-dimensional Ordering of Protons by the Electron Cooling	ion, proton, electron, heavy-ion	3485
	T. Shirai, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	One of the main subjects of the compact cooler ring, S-LSR at Kyoto University is the physics of the ultra cold ion beam, such as the ordered beam and the crystalline beam, using the electron and laser cooling. The one-dimensional ordering of protons has been studied at S-LSR, while the ordering the highly charged heavy ions has been found at ESR and CRYRING. Abrupt jumps in the momentum spread and the Schottky noise power have been observed for protons at a particle number of around 2000. The beam temperature was 0.17 meV and 1 meV in the longitudinal and transverse directions at the transition, respectively. The normalized transition temperature of protons is close to those of heavy ions at ESR. The lowest longitudinal beam temperature below the transition was 0.3 K. It is close to the longitudinal electron temperature. The dependence of the ordering conditions on the betatron tune and the transverse beam temperature have been also studied. These results will be presented in the presentation.

THPP056	Simulations of Incoherent Vertical Ion Losses and Cooling Stacking Injection	ion, injection, proton, electron	3494
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The cooling stacking injection at a synchrotron is applied to obtain a high intensity of the stored coasting ion beam. The efficiency of cooling-stacking injection is defined mainly by two parameters: the cooling-accumulation efficiency and the ion life time. The life time of new injected ions usually is essentially smaller than the stack life time for high intensive ion beams. The incoherent loses of new injected ions are related to a multi scattering on residual gas atoms and a vertical heating caused by ion stack noise. The short life time of new injected ions restricts the efficiency of the cooling stacking injection The life time of new injected C⁶⁺ ions is shorter by 2 times than stack life time at HIMAC cooling stacking injection. The life time of new injected protons in S-LSR is smaller by 2-3 orders of magnitudes than the stack life time. The analytical estimations and BETACOL simulations of vertical incoherent ion losses and cooling stacking injection are presented.

THPP063	Possible Particle Distributions at the Entrance of the Cyclotron Spiral Inflector	cyclotron, ion, simulation, extraction	3506
	N. Yu. Kazarinov, I. A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The transverse particle distribution of the ion beam produced in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is considered. It is shown that the beam emittance at the entrance of the cyclotron spiral inflector is strongly dependent on directions of both the ECRIS and cyclotron magnetic fields. The changing of the beam rms emittance and bunch lengthening in the spiral inflector for every considered distribution are obtained in the computer simulation.

THPP067	An Intense Neutron Source with Emittance Recovery Internal Target (ERIT) Using Ionization Cooling	target, proton, accumulation, storage-ring	3512
	Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka M. Muto FFAG DDS Research Organization, Tokyo K. Okabe University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fului
	An intense neutron source with emittance recovery internal target (ERIT) using ionization cooler ring has been developed at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The neutron source consists of a 11MeV H^- linac and a FFAG storage ring. A thin (10micron) Be target is placed in the ring. In order to reduce an emittance growth caused by multiple scattering at the target, an ionization cooling with a low frequency and high voltage RF cavity is utilized. The beam is expected to be survived for more than 500 turns in the ring, which can increase beam efficiency largely to reduce an injected beam current.

THPP074	Optimal Design of a High Current MEBT with Chopper	kicker, target, focusing, beam-transport	3533
	A. V. Aleksandrov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Many existing and proposed projects require a certain temporal structure imposed on the beam pulse, e.g., creating gaps for low-loss extraction from a circular accelerator. Usually it is achieved using chopper systems. In order to reduce average beam power on the target and simplify kicker requirements chopper system is located in a lower energy part of the accelerator, typically in the medium energy transport line (MEBT) between the RFQ and the linac. Many of the MEBT layouts, proposed and in use, look very much alike and try to achieve a compromise between two opposing requirements of providing strong transverse focusing and sufficiently long empty drifts for the kickers. As a result, both requirements are not fully satisfied leading to space charge induced emittance increase and very challenging technical specifications for the kicker and its power supply. These difficulties quickly increase with the beam current. We propose a different MEBT layout, which does not compromise quality of beam transport and allows space for a kicker with any reasonable parameters. A generic design of a 5.5m long MEBT transporting 100mA with emittance increase of less than 5% is shown as an example.

THPP075	Beam Dynamics of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ	rfq, focusing, multipole, beam-losses	3536
	M. Comunian, A. Pisent, P. A. Posocco INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova E. Fagotti Consorzio RFX, Euratom ENEA Association, Padova
	The IFMIF project is aimed at the realization of an intense neutron beam facility for testing the irradiation of the materials to be used for fusion reactors. EVEDA (Engineering Validation Engineering Design Activities) is a first step towards the implementation of this challenging project and consists of the construction of prototypes of the main units. In particular INFN-LNL is in charge of the construction of a 5 MeV, 125 mA, deuteron RFQ at 175 MHz. In this article the main aspects of the beam dynamics design of this RFQ are described, namely the optimization of the length and the transmission issues, the main outcomes and comparison of the PARMTEQM and TOUTATIS codes used for the simulations and the basic aspects of the errors studies.

THPP077	The IFMIF-EVEDA Accelerator Activities	rfq, linac, diagnostics, simulation	3539
	A. Mosnier CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Padova A. Ibarra CIEMAT, Madrid
	The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) aims at producing an intense flux of 14 MeV neutrons, in order to characterize materials envisaged for future fusion reactors. This facility is based on two high power CW accelerator drivers, each delivering a 125 mA deuteron beam at 40 MeV to the common lithium target. In the framework of the EU-JA Bilateral Agreement for the Broader Approach for Fusion, the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) phase of IFMIF has been launched in the middle of 2007. The objectives of EVEDA are to produce the detailed design of the entire IFMIF facility, as well as to build and test a number of prototypes, including a high-intensity CW deuteron accelerator (125 mA @ 9 MeV). The major components and subsystems will be designed and developed in Europe, and will be then assembled and operated at Rokkasho in Japan. The individual components are developed in Spain, Italy and France and an european accelerator team has been settled for the coordination of the accelerator activities. The design and the layout of the accelerator are presented as well as the development schedule.

THPP087	4 GeV H^- Charge Exchange Injection into the PS2	injection, septum, kicker, proton	3566
	B. Goddard, W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, A. Koschik, T. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	The proposed PS2 will accelerate protons from 4 to 50 GeV. The required beam intensity and brightness can only be achieved with a multi-turn H^- charge exchange injection system, where the small emittance injected beam is used to paint the transverse phase space of the PS2 machine. This paper describes the constraints and conceptual design of the H^- injection system and its incorporation into the present PS2 lattice. The requirements for the special injection system elements are described, in particular the injection chicane and painting magnet systems and the charge exchange foil. Some key performance aspects are investigated, including the stripping efficiency, expected emittance growth and beam loss arising from the simulated number of multiple foil traversals, together with estimates of foil heating.

THPP090	Beam Injection and Extraction of SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy	proton, cyclotron, extraction, injection	3575
	D. Campo, L. Calabretta, M. M. Maggiore, L. A.C. Piazza INFN/LNS, Catania
	SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and carbon beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The simulations of the beam injection through the central region, the beam extraction through the electrostatic deflector for Carbon beam and by stripper foil for the proton beam are here presented.

THPP100	Development of New Ion Sources for the Frankfurt Funneling Experiment	ion, ion-source, rfq, simulation	3596
	N. Mueller, U. Bartz, P. Kolb, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	Funneling is a method to increase beam currents in several stages. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a prototype of such a stage. The experimental setup consists of two ion sources with electrostatic lens systems, a Two-Beam RFQ accelerator, a funneling deflector and a beam diagnostic system. The two beams are bunched and accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ and the last parts of the RFQ electrodes achieve a 3d focus at the crossing point of the two beam axis. A funneling deflector combines the bunches to a common beam axis. The newly optimized ion sources are adapted to the front end bunching section. First results and measurements will be presented.

THPP105	Beam Commissioning Results of the RCS Injection and Extraction at J-PARC	injection, extraction, kicker, septum	3611
	P. K. Saha, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, F. Noda, Y. Shobuda JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken H. Harada Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima Y. Irie KEK, Ibaraki
	The beam commissioning of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) 3 GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) has been started from the end of year 2007. As injection is in the very first stage, an accurate and well controlled beam at the injection strongly related to the other part of the RCS commissioning, including extraction where, an well extracted beam directly reflects the overall commissioning result. In this paper, the beam commissioning results of the RCS injection and extraction will be reported.

THPP113	Emittance Growth at LHC Injection from SPS and LHC Kicker Ripple	injection, kicker, damping, feedback	3629
	B. Goddard, M. J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, W. Höfle, G. Kotzian CERN, Geneva
	Fast pulsed kicker magnets are used to extract beams from the SPS and inject them into the LHC. The kickers exhibit time-varying structure in the pulse shape which translates into small offsets with respect to the closed orbit at LHC injection. The LHC damper systems will be used to damp out the resulting betatron oscillations, to keep the growth in the transverse emittance within specification. This paper describes the results of the measurements of the kicker ripple for the two systems, both in the laboratory and with beam, and presents the simulated performance of the transverse damper in terms of beam emittance growth. The implications for LHC operation are discussed.