Paper |
Title |
Other Keywords |
Page |
MOZDM01 |
LHC Hardware Commissioning Summary
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dipole, extraction, controls, cryogenics |
56 |
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MOPP017 |
A Kicker Driver Exploiting Drift Step Recovery Diodes for the International Linear Collider
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kicker, damping, linear-collider, collider |
589 |
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- F. O. Arntz, M. P.J. Gaudreau, A. Kardo-Sysoev, M. K. Kempkes, A. Krasnykh
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts
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Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is developing a driver for a kicker strip-line deflector which inserts and extracts charge bunches to and from the electron and positron damping rings of the International Linear Collider. The kicker driver must drive a 50 Ω terminated TEM deflector blade at 10 kV with 2 ns flat-topped pulses, which according to the ILC pulsing protocol, bursts pulses at a 3 MHz rate within one-millisecond bursts occurring at a 5 Hz rate. The driver must also effectively absorb high-order mode signals emerging from the deflector. In this paper, DTI will describe current progress utilizing a combination of high voltage DSRDs (Drift Step Recovery Diodes) and high voltage MOSFETs. The MOSFET array switch, without the DSRDs, is itself suitable for many accelerator systems with 10 100 ns kicker requirements. DTI has designed and demonstrated the key elements of a solid state kicker driver which both meets the ILC requirements, is suitable for a wide range of kicker driver applications. Full scale development and test are exptected to occur in Phase II of this DOE SBIR effort, with a full scale demonstration scheduled in 2009.
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MOPP135 |
Vertical and Horizontal Test Results of 3.9 GHz Accelerating Cavities at FNAL
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electron, resonance, pick-up, alignment |
874 |
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- T. N. Khabiboulline, H. T. Edwards, M. H. Foley, E. R. Harms, A. Hocker, D. V. Mitchell, A. M. Rowe, N. Solyak
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
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The 3rd harmonic 3.9GHz accelerating cavity was proposed to improve the beam performance of the electron/positron linear accelerators. In the frame of a collaborative agreement, Fermilab will provide DESY with a cryomodule containing a string of four cavities. Several 9-cell Nb cavities were tested and they did reach accelerating gradient up to 24 MV/m almost twice more than design value of 14 MV/m. Two of these cavities are with new HOM couplers with improved design. In this paper we present all results of the vertical and horizontal tests.
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TUPC003 |
Libera Grouping: Reducing the Data Encapsulation Overhead
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feedback, brilliance, controls, monitoring |
1041 |
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- A. Bardorfer, T. Karcnik
Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
- K. T. Hsu
NSRRC, Hsinchu
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Libera Brilliance is a precision digital Beam Position Monitor, a building block for modern fast orbit feedback systems. Gigabit Ethernet and UDP/IP protocol are used as a standard data link for real-time beam position signal transmission to the central fast feedback CPU engines. While the UDP/IP over Gigabit Ethernet provides a standardized and proven solution that enables the utilization of COTS components, the UDP and IP protocols are subject to a large data encapsulation overhead, since the beam position data payload is relatively small. To overcome this, several Libera Brilliance units (up to 16) have been grouped together in a redundant private network via the LC optical links and/or copper Molex cables. The purpose of the private network is to exchange the data among the Libera Brilliance units without the protocol overhead and send the gathered data via Gigabit Ethernet. Any of the Libera Brilliance units in a group can act as a Gigabit Ethernet group transmitter. The private network is redundant and can survive a single cable failure. The data encapsulation overhead has been significantly reduced. Libera Grouping is being tested at NSRRC, Taiwan.
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TUPC064 |
Design and Commissioning of a Quadrant BPM for the LNLS Beamlines
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vacuum, shielding, photon, synchrotron |
1200 |
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- S. R. Marques, F. H. Cardoso, C. Grizolli, L. Sanfelici, M. M. Xavier
LNLS, Campinas
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We have recently designed and installed the first quadrant beam position monitor in the MX2 beamline. The whole monitor, including its electronics, was installed in vacuum to reduce errors from current leakage and noise coupled outside the vacuum chamber. Aspects of the mechanical and electronic design of this fluorescence-based beam position monitor, as well as the commissioning results are presented.
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TUPC108 |
DITANETA European Training Network on Novel Diagnostic Techniques for Future Particle Accelerators
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diagnostics, ion, storage-ring, antiproton |
1314 |
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- C. P. Welsch
KIP, Heidelberg
- C. P. Welsch
GSI, Darmstadt
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Beam diagnostics systems are essential constituents of any particle accelerator; they reveal the properties of a beam and how it behaves in a machine. Without an appropriate set of diagnostic elements, it would simply be impossible to operate any accelerator complex let alone optimize its performance. Future accelerator projects will require innovative approaches in particle detection and imaging techniques to provide a full set of information about the beam characteristics. The European Training Network DITANET covers the development of advanced beam diagnostic methods for a wide range of existing or future accelerators, both for electrons and ions. The developments in profile, current, and position measurement techniques stretch beyond present technology and will mark the future state of the art. This contribution presents the scientific challenges that will be addressed within the next four years, together with the networks' structure.
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TUPC115 |
Vibration Stabilization for a Cantilever Magnet Prototype at the Subnanometer Scale
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controls, collider, linear-collider, ground-motion |
1335 |
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- L. Brunetti, B. Bolzon, N. Geffroy, A. Jeremie
IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux
- A. Badel, B. Caron, J. Lottin
SYMME, Annecy-le-Vieux
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In the future linear colliders, the size of the beams is in the nanometer range, which requires stabilization of the final magnets before the interaction point. In order to guarantee the desired luminosity, an absolute displacement lower than 1/3 of the beam size, above a few hertz, has to be obtained. This paper describes an adapted instrumentation, the developed feedback loops dedicated to the active compensation and an adapted modelling able to simulate the behaviour of the structure. The obtained results at the subnanometer scale at the free end of a cantilever magnet prototype with a combination of the developed active compensation method and a commercial active isolation system are described.
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TUPP015 |
Investigations into Cost Reductions of X-band Instrumentation
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resonance, klystron, controls, coupling |
1559 |
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- D. Van Winkle, V. A. Dolgashev, J. D. Fox, S. G. Tantawi
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
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The prohibitive costs of commercial test equipment for making fast and accurate pulsed phase and amplitude measurements at X-band result in decreased productivity due to shortages of shared equipment across the test laboratory. In addition, most current set-ups rely on the use of pulsed power heads which do not allow for the measurement of phase thereby limiting the flexibility of available measurements. In this paper, we investigate less expensive in-house designed instrumentation based upon commercial satellite down converters and widely available logarithmic detector amplifiers and phase detectors. The techniques are used to measure X-band pulses with widths of 50 ns to 10s of usec. We expect a dynamic range of 30-40 dB with accuracies of less than ± 0.1 dB. We show results of the built and tested systems with particular attention focused on temperature performance and accuracy. Block diagrams of the down conversion scheme, and the architecture of a multi-signal X-band RF monitor and measurement system is illustrated. Measured results, and possible modifications and upgrades are presented.
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WEIM05 |
Institutional and Industrial Partnerships
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linac, synchrotron, controls, feedback |
1972 |
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- C. J. Bocchetta
Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
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To be successful, accelerator projects require close interaction with industry for design, engineering and construction. Partnership and cooperation between institutes and industry is a means to transfer knowledge and foster innovation in the private sector, while the public sector benefits from best practices, efficient use of resources and pooled knowledge. An overview of partnerships between institutions and industry is given with examples from active projects.
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Slides
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WEPD007 |
Detection and Location of Electrical Insulation Faults on the LHC Superconducting Circuits during the Hardware Commissioning
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pick-up, diagnostics, cryogenics, quadrupole |
2413 |
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- D. Bozzini, V. Chareyre, K. H. Mess, S. Russenschuck
CERN, Geneva
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As part of the electrical quality assurance program, all superconducting circuits of the LHC have to be subjected to a (high) DC voltage, up to 1.9 kV DC, for the testing of the electrical insulation. Circuits with an insulation fault have to be repaired before powering. Fault location within a ± 3 m range over the total length of 2700 m has been achieved in order to limit the number of interconnection openings. In this paper, the methods, tooling, and procedures for the detection and location of electrical faults will be presented in view of the practical experience gained in the LHC tunnel. Three cases of faults detected and localized during the hardware commissioning phases of the LHC will be discussed.
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WEPD018 |
Commissioning of the LHC Current Leads
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cryogenics, dipole, quadrupole, controls |
2446 |
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- A. Ballarino, S. A. March, K. H. Mess
CERN, Geneva
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The powering of the LHC superconducting magnets relies on more than 3000 leads transporting the current from/to the cryogenic environment and rated at currents ranging from 60 A to 13000 A. The design of these leads, about 1000 of which are based on high temperature superconducting material, was entirely done at CERN, where prototype assemblies were also assembled and tested, while the series production was done in external laboratory and companies on the basis of build-to-print specification. This report summarizes the results of the tests performed during the commissioning of the LHC machine, when the leads underwent the thermal and electrical cycles necessary for the powering of the LHC superconducting circuits.
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WEPD029 |
Performance of the Main Dipole Magnet Circuits of the LHC during Commissioning
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dipole, extraction, cryogenics, target |
2473 |
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- A. P. Verweij, V. Baggiolini, A. Ballarino, B. Bellesia, F. Bordry, A. Cantone, M. P. Casas Lino, A. Castaneda, C. CastilloTrello, N. Catalan-Lasheras, Z. Charifoulline, G.-J. Coelingh, G. D'Angelo, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, G. De Rijk, R. Denz, M. Gruwe, V. Kain, B. Khomenko, G. Kirby, S. L.N. Le Naour, A. Macpherson, A. Marqueta Barbero, K. H. Mess, M. Modena, R. Mompo, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, V. Parma, M. Pojer, L. Ponce, A. Raimondo, S. Redaelli, H. Reymond, D. Richter, A. Rijllart, I. Romera, R. I. Saban, S. Sanfilippo, R. Schmidt, A. P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, H. Thiesen, Y. Thurel, W. Venturini Delsolaro, A. Vergara-Fernández, R. Wolf, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva
- SF. Feher, R. H. Flora
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
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During hardware commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider, 8 main dipole circuits and 16 main quadrupole circuits are tested at 1.9 K and up to their nominal current. Each dipole circuit contains 154 magnets of 15 m length, and has a total stored energy of up to 1.1 GJ. Each quadrupole circuit contains 47 or 51 magnets of 5.4 m length, and has a total stored energy of up to 20 MJ. All magnets are wound from Nb-Ti superconducting Rutherford cables, and contain heaters to quickly force the transition to the normal conducting state in case of a quench, and hence reduce the hot spot temperature. In this paper the performance of these circuits is presented, focusing on the quench current and quench behaviour of the magnets. Quench detection, heater performance, operation of the cold bypass diodes, cryogenic recovery time, electrical joints, and possible magnet-to-magnet quench propagation will be dealt with. The results as measured on the entire circuits will be compared to the test results obtained during the reception tests of the individual magnets.
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WEPD034 |
Main Field Tracking Measurement in the LHC Superconducting Dipole and Quadrupole Magnets
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dipole, controls, quadrupole, injection |
2485 |
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- P. Xydi, R. Alemany-Fernandez, L. Bottura, G. Deferne, M. Lamont, J. Miles, R. Mompo, M. Strzelczyk, W. Venturini Delsolaro
CERN, Geneva
- N. J. Sammut
University of Malta, Faculty of Engineering, Msida
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One of the most stringent requirements during the energy ramp of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to have a constant ratio between dipole-quadrupole and dipole-dipole field so as to control the variation of the betatron tune and of the beam orbit throughout the acceleration phase, hence avoiding particle loss. To achieve the nominal performance of the LHC, a maximum variation of ±0.003 tune units can be tolerated. For the commissioning with low intensity beams, acceptable bounds are up to 30 times higher. For the quadrupole-dipole integrated field ratio, the above requirements translate in the tight windows of 6 ppm and 180 ppm, while for dipole differences between sectors the acceptable error is of the order of 10-4. Measurement and control at this level are challenging. For this reason we have launched a dedicated measurement R&D to demonstrate that these ratios can be measured and controlled within the limits for machine operation. In this paper we present the techniques developed to power the magnets during the current ramps, the instrumentation and data acquisition setup used to perform the tracking experiments, the calibration procedure and the data reduction employed.
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WEPD040 |
Outcome of the Commissioning of the Readout and Actuation Channels for the Cryogenics of the LHC
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controls, cryogenics, site, operational-performance |
2500 |
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- G. Fernandez Penacoba, C. Balle, J. Casas-Cubillos, J. De La Gama, P. Gomes, E. Gousiou, N. Jeanmonod, A. Lopez Lorente, E. Molina Marinas, A. Suraci, N. Vauthier
CERN, Geneva
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The installation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been completed and its commissioning is now in progress. The LHC is the largest cryogenic installation ever built. It includes 1700 superconducting magnets, a cryogenic distribution line (QRL) running parallel to the accelerator, 52 electrical distribution feedboxes (DFB) supporting the superconducting current leads that supply power to the magnets circuits, and 16 superconducting RF accelerating cavities. For its operation more than 10 000 sensors and actuators are required. The commissioning of this instrumentation includes the validation of both hardware (installed sensors, cabling, front-end electronics, communication field-buses) and software (databases extraction, programmable logic controllers programs, supervision coherence). At present point, having provided the cryogenic instrumentation for the operation in half of the LHC, more than 95% of the channels are working within specifications. This paper presents the commissioning strategy, tracking policy, and performance results after commissioning of the cryogenic instrumentation for the LHC.
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WEPP010 |
Scheduling the Powering Tests
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cryogenics, extraction, superconducting-magnet, simulation |
2545 |
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- K. Foraz, E. Barbero-Soto, B. Bellesia, M. P. Casas Lino, C. Fernandez-Robles, M. Pojer, R. I. Saban, R. Schmidt, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, A. Vergara-Fernández
CERN, Geneva
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The Large Hadron Collider is now entering in its final phase before receiving beam, and the activities at CERN between 2007 and 2008 have shifted from installation work to the commissioning of the technical systems (hardware commissioning). Due to the unprecedented complexity of this machine, all the systems are or will be tested as far as possible before the cool-down starts. Systems are firstly tested individually before being globally tested together. The architecture of LHC, which is partitioned into eight cryogenically and electrically independent sectors, allows the commissioning on a sector by sector basis. When a sector reaches nominal cryogenic conditions, commissioning of the magnet powering system to nominal current for all magnets can be performed. This paper briefly describes the different activities to be performed during the powering tests of the superconducting magnet system and presents the scheduling issues raised by co-activities as well as the management of resources.
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THYG01 |
The ILC Beam Delivery System Design and R&D Programme
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collimation, extraction, collider, linear-collider |
2907 |
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THPC148 |
Interlock the Machine Protection Function of Libera Brilliance
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brilliance, electron, pick-up, controls |
3336 |
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- P. L. Lemut, T. Karcnik, A. Kosicek
Instrumentation Technologies, Solkan
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The basic task of Libera Brilliance is electron beam position measurement. A secondary, but no less important, task is machine protection. Libera Brilliance activates Interlock output when the beam position is outside predefined limits. The Interlock subsystem also activates when the analog-to-digital converters (AD) are saturated and the beam position is only virtually centered. AD converter saturation is detected in the multiplexed fast peak detectors using AD converter rate data. The Interlock is designed for fail-safe operation. Within the FPGA window, a comparator function is performed on the Fast Acquisition position data delivered at a 10 kHz rate. Comparison is done separately for X and Y positions. Limits and operation mode are settable through the CSPI library. To avoid manual resetting of the Interlock, logic output is designed as a monostable cell. The described circuitry has been successfully implemented and tested in both laboratory and accelerator environments.
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THPC151 |
The Post-Mortem Analysis Software Used for the Electrical Circuit Commissioning of the LHC
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extraction, controls, superconducting-magnet, quadrupole |
3345 |
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- H. Reymond, O. O. Andreassen, C. Charrondiere, D. Kudryavtsev, P. R. Malacarne, E. Michel, A. Raimondo, A. Rijllart, R. Schmidt, N. Trofimov
CERN, Geneva
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The hardware commissioning of the LHC has started in the first quarter of 2007, with the sector 7-8. A suite of software tools has been developed to help the experts with the access, visualization and analysis of the result of the tests. Using the experience obtained during this phase and the needs to improve the parallelism and the automation of the electrical circuits commissioning, a new user interface has been defined to have an overview of all pending tests and centralise the access to the different analysis tools. This new structure has been intensely used on sector 4-5 and during this time the test procedures for different types of electrical circuits have been verified, which has also allowed the implementation of new rules and features in the associated software. The hardware commissioning of the electrical circuits enters in a more critical phase in 2008, were the number of the tests executed increases rapidly as test will be performed in parallel on different sectors. This paper presents an overview on the post mortem analysis software, from its beginning as a simple graphical interface to the actual suite of integrated analysis tools.
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THPP132 |
Review of the Initial Phases of the LHC Power Converter Commissioning
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controls, superconducting-magnet, quadrupole, cryogenics |
3670 |
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- H. Thiesen, D. Nisbet
CERN, Geneva
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The LHC requires more than 1700 power converter systems that supply between 60A and 12kA of precisely regulated current to the superconducting magnets. For the first time at CERN these converters have been installed underground in close proximity to many other accelerator systems. In addition to the power converters themselves, many utilities such as air and water cooling, electrical power, communication networks and magnet safety systems needed to be installed and commissioned as a single system. Due to the complexity of installing and commissioning such a large infrastructure, with inevitable interaction between the different systems, a three phase test strategy was developed. The first phase comprised the manufacture, integration and reception tests of all converter sub-systems necessary for powering. The second phase covered the commissioning of all the power converters installed in their final environment with the utilities. The third phase will add the superconducting magnets and will not be covered by this paper. The planning and execution that have led to the successful completion of these initial phases are described. Results and conclusions of the testing are presented.
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THPP138 |
Achievement and Evaluation of the Beam Vacuum Performance of the LHC Long Straight Sections
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vacuum, ion, insertion, proton |
3685 |
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- G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, S. Blanchard, J. Hansen, J. M. Jimenez, K. Weiss
CERN, Geneva
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The bake-out and activation of the 6 km Long Straight Sections (LSS) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in its final step. After bake-out and activation of the NEG coating, the average ultimate pressure, over more than one hundred vacuum sectors, is below 10-11 mbar. Therefore, the nominal requirement for the four experimental insertions is guaranteed. The nominal performances are also ensured for all the other insertions where collimators, RF cavities and beam dumping systems are present. The main difficulties encountered during the bake-out and activation of NEG coated chambers of the LSS vacuum sectors will be presented and discussed. In particular, the acceptance test and the limiting factors of the reached ultimate pressures will be addressed. Furthermore, the influence on the ultimate pressures of the beam vacuum elements (collimators, beam instrumentation, etc.) will be discussed. Finally, preliminary results obtained from a laboratory NEG pilot sector dedicated to the quality control of the LHC beam vacuum and to the evaluation of the NEG performance will be presented.
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