EPAC08 - List of Keywords (cyclotron)

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cyclotron

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZAM01	Review of Accelerators for Radioactive Beams	linac, ion, proton, target	41
	Y. Blumenfeld IPN, Orsay
	The technical difficulties that have set up hurdles for the realisation of radioactive ion beam facilities have not discouraged the design of new high-performance accelerator systems. The talk should describe the state of accelerators for radioactive ion beams around the world.
	Slides

MOPC153	Construction and Test of the Superconducting Coils for RIKEN SC-ECR Ion Source	sextupole, ion, ion-source, factory	433
	J. Ohnishi, A. Goto, Y. Higurashi, K. Kusaka, T. Nakagawa, H. Okuno RIKEN, Wako, Saitama T. Minato Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe
	A superconducting ECR ion source is under development to increase the intensity of the beams with high charge state such as U³⁵⁺ provided to the RI-beam factory at RIKEN. The ion source consists of six superconducting solenoids and a set of superconducting sextupoles. The axial magnetic fields are 3.8 T at the injection peak and 2.2 T at the extraction peak. The sextupole magnetic field is 2.0 T on the inner surface of the plasma chamber with a diameter of 15 cm. The conductors use NbTi/copper wires with copper/SC ratio of 1.3 and size of 1.25 mm x 0.92 mm. The sextupole coils are difficult to design and fabricate because the maximum experience magnetic field is about 7.3 T and the magnetic force acting on the coils changes by the strength of the radial field of the solenoids along the axis. The design, construction and the results of the excitation test will be presented in this paper.

TUPC020	Development of Non-destructive Beam Current Measurement for the iThemba LABS Cyclotrons	diagnostics, pick-up, proton, target	1089
	Z. Kormány ATOMKI, Debrecen J. L. Conradie, J. L.G. Delsink, D. T. Fourie, J. V. Pilcher, P. F. Rohwer iThemba LABS, Somerset West K. Juhasz University of Debrecen, Debrecen
	The 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron and its two 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotrons at iThemba LABS deliver beams of light and heavy ions, as well as polarized protons, with variable energy for nuclear physics research, a low-intensity proton 200 MeV beam for proton therapy and a high-intensity 66 MeV proton beam for neutron therapy and the production of radioisotopes. The intensity of the 66 MeV proton beam has recently been increased to 250 μA. This necessitated development of non-destructive beam diagnostic equipment, amongst others, for beam current measurement at various positions in the different beamlines. It was decided to determine the beam current by digitizing and analyzing the signals from capacitive phase probes on-line, instead of using more costly DC beam-current transformers. It was also important to design the phase probes with as low as possible inductance in their support to the diagnostic vacuum chambers to eliminate ringing in the probe signals. The design of the probes, the analyses of the probe signals and the results that were obtained with the equipment will be presented.

TUPC022	Non-destructive Beam Position and Profile Measurements Using Light Emitted by Residual Gas in a Cyclotron Beam Line	proton, vacuum, diagnostics, controls	1095
	J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich C. Boehme UniDo/IBS, Dortmund A. H. Botha, J. L. Conradie, M. A. Crombie, J. H. Du Toit, D. T. Fourie, H. W. Mostert, P. F. Rohwer, P. A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West T. Weis DELTA, Dortmund
	Non-destructive beam position and profile measurements were made in the transfer beam line between an 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotron and a 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron that is used for nuclear physics research, radioisotope production and proton and neutron therapy. Light emitted from the beam induced ionization of residual gas particles was measured using a multi-cathode photomultiplier tube (PMT). The PMT was mounted outside the vacuum system on a diagnostic chamber and light passing through a glas window was focused on the photocathode array by means of a lens. The anode currents of the PMT were measured with computer-controlled electronic equipment recently developed for measuring the currents of multi-wire beam profile monitors. Software was developed to control the measurement processes, remove offset values and further process the data digitally. The measured beam positions and profiles were compared with those determined with a multi-wire beam profile monitor for a 3.14 MeV proton beam. It was necessary to shield the PMT from gamma rays generated on nearby slits. The design of the measuring equipment is discussed and the results of the measurements are presented.

TUPC052	Beam Phase and RF Fields Monitoring System Using Lock-In Amplifier for RIBF	monitoring, acceleration, ion, linac	1173
	R. Koyama, M. K. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, M. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, Y. Kotaka, N. S. Sakamoto, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Yano RIKEN, Saitama
	The accelerator complex of the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) consists of two injectors - heavy ion linac (RILAC and CSM) and K78 MeV AVF cyclotron - and four cyclotrons from the upstream, RRC (K540 MeV), fRC (K570 MeV), IRC (K980 MeV), and SRC (K2600 MeV). In such a multi-stage acceleration system, one of the most important factors for stable operation is to maintain the matching of beam-phases between accelerators. However, drifts of beam-phases have been frequently observed, reasons of which might be the fluctuation of RF-fields, variation of magnetic field, and so on. Hence, it is important to monitor beam-phases constantly, and we have developed a monitoring system using the commercial RF lock-in amplifier model SR844 manufactured by Stanford Research Systems. In addition, the system for monitoring the RF-fields has also been developed to investigate its stability and the correlation with beam-phases. The beam-phases at eleven phase probes installed in the beam transport lines and RF-fields of 25 cavities are monitored in a uranium acceleration. In addition, lock-in amplifiers are also used to obtain good isochronous magnetic fields of three cyclotrons in the RIBF.

TUPP024	Electron Cyclotron Resonances in Electron Cloud Dynamics	electron, simulation, resonance, wiggler	1583
	C. M. Celata, M. A. Furman, J.-L. Vay, J. W. Yu LBNL, Berkeley, California
	We report a previously unknown resonance for electron cloud dynamics. The 2D simulation code “POSINST” was used to study the electron cloud buildup at different z positions in the International Linear Collider positron damping ring wiggler. At magnetic field values, B, for which the bunch frequency is an integral multiple of the electron cyclotron frequency an enhancement of up to a factor of 3 in the electron cloud equilibrium density was found. At low magnetic fields the effects of the resonance are prominent, but when B exceeds ~ (2πm_e/el_b), with l_b = bunch length, effects of the resonance disappear. Thus short bunches and low B fields are required for observing the effect. We believe this accounts for the fact that this resonance has not been reported before in the electron cloud literature. The reason for the B field dependence, an explanation of the dynamics, and the results of the 2D simulations and of a single-particle tracking code used to elucidate details of the dynamics will be discussed, along with results from 3D simulations.

TUPP030	A Formula for the Electron Cloud Map Coefficient in the Presence of a Magnetic Field	electron, simulation, dipole, vacuum	1601
	T. Demma INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma) S. Petracca U. Sannio, Benevento
	The evolution of the electron density during multibunch electron cloud formation can be reproduced using a bunch-to-bunch iterative map formalism. The reliability of this formalism has been proved for RHIC* and LHC. The coefficients that parameterize the map function are readily obtained by fitting the results of compute-intensive electron cloud simulations. An analytic expression for the linear map coefficient that describes weak cloud behaviour from first principles has been derivied for the case of staight sections of RHIC. In this paper we generalize the model presented in ** to the case of electron cloud evolution in presence of a dipolar magnetic field and compare the results with numerical simulations. U. Iriso and S. Pegg. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9, 071002 (2006). T. Demma et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10,114401 (2007). **U. Iriso and S. Pegg. Proc. of EPAC06, pp. 357-359.

TUPP120	Current Status of the IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy	extraction, proton, simulation, ion	1806
	Y. Jongen, M. Abs, A. Blondin, W. J.G. M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G. A. Karamysheva, N. Yu. Kazarinov, S. A. Kostromin, N. A. Morozov, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has been designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium or carbon ions. ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy 250MeV/u and extracted by stripping. We describe the parameters of the cyclotron, the current status of development work on the cyclotron systems. Reports on the status of the C400 project have been given regularly. Therefore, we will focus on the progress which has been achieved since recent reports in Cyclotron 2007 and EPAC 2006 conferences. The project will be ready to begin construction in the nearest future.

TUPP123	SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron For Hadrontherapy	resonance, extraction, emittance, ion	1812
	M. M. Maggiore, L. Calabretta, D. Campo, D. Garufi, L. A.C. Piazza, M. Re INFN/LNS, Catania E. Samsonov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and C beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The study of the machine is near to be completed. The mechanical and magnetic design will be presented. The mechanical drawing and size of the cyclotron will be presented. The characteristics of the main coil and magnetic field will be presented. The method to change the magnetic setting for H2 and Carbon acceleration will be described. The acceleration system consisting of 4 RF cavities will be also described.

TUPP132	Design, Construction and Low Power RF Tests of the First Module of the ACLIP Linac	linac, proton, booster, coupling	1836
	V. G. Vaccaro Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli C. De Martinis Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate D. Giove INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) M. R. Masullo INFN-Napoli, Napoli S. J. Mathot CERN, Geneva A. C. Rainò, V. Variale INFN-Bari, Bari R. J. Rush e2v, Chelmsford, Essex
	ACLIP is a 3 GHz proton SCL linac designed as a booster for a 30 MeV commercial cyclotron. The final energy is 62 MeV well suitable for the therapy of ocular tumours or for further acceleration (up to 230 MeV) by a second linac in order to treat deep seated tumours. The possibility of using magnetrons as the source of RF power, to reduce the overall cost of the machine, is under investigation within a collaboration with the company e2v (Chelmsford, UK). ACLIP is a 5 modules structure coupled together. The first one (able to accelerate proton from 30 to 35 MeV) has been machined and completely the brazed. We plan to have the high power test by early fall 2008. In this paper we will review the main features of the linac and discuss the results of the RF measurements carried out on this prototype.

TUPP154	Proton Energy Measurement Using Stacked Silicon Detectors	proton, vacuum, radiation, target	1866
	K. R. Kim KAERI, Daejon H. J. Kim, J. H. So Kyungpook National University, Daegu
	Proton energy was measured using stacked Si(Li) detectors at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences). The proton energies from the cyclotron were 35 MeV and 45 MeV. Generally, using a single semiconductor detecor it is not available to measure the proton energy above 30 MeV because the maximum thickness of the semiconductor detector was limited to 5mm. We have used a detector consisting of three 2 mm thick Si(Li) detectors and a 5 mm thick one. The active areas of these detectors are 75mm2. In this paper, we report the energy measurement results using the stacked detectors.

WEPC151	Magnetic Field Design and Calculation for the FLNR U400R Cyclotron	ion, simulation, heavy-ion, acceleration	2359
	I. A. Ivanenko, J. Franko, B. Gikal, G. Gulbekyan, N. Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region V. P. Kukhtin, E. A. Lamzin, S. E. Sytchevsky NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
	Presently FLNR reconstructs the U400 cyclotron. The new, U400R cyclotron is intended to accelerate the ion beams with A/Z from 4 to 12 up to the energy 0.78 – 27 MeV/nucleon. The wide range of the magnetic field levels from 0.8T till 1.8T allows to make a smooth variation of the beam energy over the range ±60% from nominal. For optimization of the magnetic field the 14 pairs of radial correcting coils are used. The numerical formation of the magnetic field is carried out. At the present work the main problems and solutions of the magnetic field design are described.

WEPP147	Aberration-free Muon Transport Line for Extreme Ionization Cooling: a Study of Epicyclic Helical Channel	resonance, simulation, collider, dipole	2833
	A. Afanasev, R. P. Johnson Muons, Inc, Batavia Y. S. Derbenev Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
	Once the normalized transverse emittances of a muon beam have been cooled to some hundreds of microns, new techniques such as Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling and Reverse Emittance Exchange can be used to focus the beam very tightly on beryllium energy absorbers for further transverse emittance reduction. The transport lines for these techniques have stringent requirements for the betatron tunes so that resonance conditions are properly controlled and for the dispersion function so that the longitudinal emittance can be controlled by emittance exchange using wedge-shaped absorbers. The extreme angular divergence of the beam at the absorbers implies large beam extension between the absorbers such that these techniques are very sensitive to chromatic and spherical aberrations. In this work we describe general and specific solutions to the problem of compensating these aberrations for these new muon cooling channels.

THPC045	Beam Uniformization System Using Multipole Magnets at the JAEA AVF Cyclotron	multipole, target, octupole, sextupole	3077
	Y. Yuri, T. Agematsu, I. Ishibori, T. Ishizaka, H. Kashiwagi, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, T. Nara, S. Okumura, K. Yoshida, T. Yuyama JAEA/ARTC, Takasaki
	It has been known that uniformization of a beam with a Gaussian profile is possible utilizing odd-order nonlinear forces. Here, we investigate uniformization of the transverse beam profile using nonlinear-focusing forces produced by multipole magnets in detail. We show that it is possible to uniformize an asymmetric beam as well as a Gaussian beam utilizing the odd and even-order nonlinear forces in combination. It enables us to perform high-uniformity irradiation at a constant particle fluence rate over the whole area of a large target. A research and development study of the beam uniformization system composed of sextupole and octupole magnets is now in progress at the JAEA AVF cyclotron facility. Some results of preliminary experiments on beam uniformization are also reported. P. F. Meads, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 30, 2838 (1983). **Y. Yuri et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 104001 (2007).

THPP060	Simultaneous Extraction of Two Stable Beams for ISAC	extraction, target, feedback, resonance	3503
	G. Dutto, R. A. Baartman, P. G. Bricault, I. V. Bylinskii, A. Hurst, R. E. Laxdal, Y.-N. Rao, L. W. Root, P. Schmor, G. M. Stinson TRIUMF, Vancouver J. M. Schippers PSI, Villigen
	The TRIUMF cyclotron was originally conceived for several proton beams extracted simultaneously at different energies. Recent operation includes a 500 MeV beam up to150 μA for meson users, a 500 MeV beam up to 80 μA for rare isotope production, and a 100 MeV beam up to 70μA for medical isotopes. The extraction of an additional high intensity proton beam, at an energy between 450 and 500 MeV for ISAC has now been given priority. With the rare ions produced from the existing and future primary beam lines, we will be able to operate two of the existing experimental areas simultaneously. Upgrading the cyclotron for higher intensity is in progress. A necessary goal for ISAC is the extraction of both primary proton beams with stability better than 1% to allow the highest possible temperatures to be reliably maintained at the ion production targets. A successful solution implemented for the existing primary ISAC beam has been simulated to be adaptable for both primary beams, given the particular angular separation between the two strippers in the cyclotron. Progress on intensity and stability studies and the layout of the extraction system will be presented.

THPP063	Possible Particle Distributions at the Entrance of the Cyclotron Spiral Inflector	emittance, ion, simulation, extraction	3506
	N. Yu. Kazarinov, I. A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The transverse particle distribution of the ion beam produced in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is considered. It is shown that the beam emittance at the entrance of the cyclotron spiral inflector is strongly dependent on directions of both the ECRIS and cyclotron magnetic fields. The changing of the beam rms emittance and bunch lengthening in the spiral inflector for every considered distribution are obtained in the computer simulation.

THPP065	3D Simulation of the Axial Injection Beam Line of DC350 Cyclotron	simulation, ion, injection, focusing	3509
	N. Yu. Kazarinov, V. Aleksandrov, V. Shevtsov, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	DC-350 is the novel cyclotron designed in Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. It is intended for the nuclear and applied physics experiments. The axial injection channel of the DC-350 cyclotron gives possibility for transportation of the high intensity ion beam from Li to Bi obtained in the superconducting ECR-ion source (SECR). The beam focusing in the beam line after the analyzing bending magnet is provided by solenoidal lenses. The linear and sinusoidal bunchers installed in the vertical part of the channel are used for increasing of the accelerating efficiency. The 3D simulation results of the focusing and bunching systems of the axial injection beam line are presented.

THPP069	Status of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotron at RIKEN RI Beam Factory	ion, acceleration, extraction, heavy-ion	3518
	K. Yamada, M. K. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, H. Hasebe, K. Ikegami, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, J. Ohnishi, N. S. Sakamoto, Y. Yano, S. Yokouchi RIKEN, Wako, Saitama H. Okuno RIKEN/RARF/CC, Saitama
	A superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC) was successfully commissioned to work as the final energy booster of the RI beam factory (RIBF) in RIKEN. SRC is the world's first ring cyclotron that uses superconducting magnets, and has the strongest beam bending force among the cyclotrons. It can boost the ion beam energy up to 440 MeV/nucleon for light ions and 350 MeV/nucleon for very heavy ions such as uranium nuclei to produce intense radioactive beams. The ring cyclotron consists of 6 major superconducting sector magnets with a maximum field of 3.8T. The total stored energy is 240MJ, and its overall sizes are 19 m diameter, 8 m height and 8,100 tons. The magnet system assembly was completed in August 2005, and successfully reached the maximum field in November 2005. After magnetic field measurements for two months, the other hardware than the superconducting magnets was installed. The first beam was extracted from SRC on 12/28/2006. From May 2007 we started to supply uranium beams to nuclear scientist to produce RI beams. This talk will describe the milestones that were achieved during the commissioning as well as some of the issues that still need to be resolved.

THPP070	Status of Center for Accelerator and Beam Applied Science of Kyushu University	kicker, extraction, proton, septum	3521
	Y. Yonemura, H. Arima, N. Ikeda, K. Ishibashi, H. Ishikawa, K. Maehata, T. Okai, N. Shigyo, Y. Uozumi, G. Wakabayashi Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka S. Fukumoto, Y. Kimura, H. Nakayama, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka T. Noro, K. Sagara Kyushu University, Fukuoka T. Tomimasu SAGA, Tosu
	A new accelerator facility of Center for Accelerator and Beam Applied Science is under construction on Ito Campus to promote research and education activities at Kyushu University. The facility consists mainly of a 10 MeV proton cyclotron as an injector and a 150 MeV Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator, which was developed at KEK as a prototype of proton FFAG for various applications. In this paper, the status of the development of devices and the facility is described.

THPP090	Beam Injection and Extraction of SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy	proton, extraction, emittance, injection	3575
	D. Campo, L. Calabretta, M. M. Maggiore, L. A.C. Piazza INFN/LNS, Catania
	SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and carbon beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The simulations of the beam injection through the central region, the beam extraction through the electrostatic deflector for Carbon beam and by stripper foil for the proton beam are here presented.