EPAC08 - List of Keywords (proton)

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proton

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZAM01	Review of Accelerators for Radioactive Beams	cyclotron, linac, ion, target	41
	Y. Blumenfeld IPN, Orsay
	The technical difficulties that have set up hurdles for the realisation of radioactive ion beam facilities have not discouraged the design of new high-performance accelerator systems. The talk should describe the state of accelerators for radioactive ion beams around the world.
	Slides

MOPC085	High Power Neutron Converter for Low Energy Proton/Deuteron Beams: Liquid Metal Driving System	target, radiation, vacuum, controls	256
	M. F. Blinov, V. A. Golikov, V. Gubin, M. A. Kholopov, P. V. Logachev, V. S. Popov, S. V. Shiyankov, I. E. Zhul BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Nowadays in BINP, Russia, the high-power high-temperature rotated graphite-made neutron converter is proposed in order to use neutron source for SPES (INFN-LNL, Italy) and SPIRAL-II (GANIL, France). The target is designed to produce up to 10¹⁴ neutron per second within the energy range of several MeV under irradiation by proton/deuteron beam of power up to 200 kW. One of main problem on the converter development is to provide the reliable and effective driving gear and cooling systems. The main elements of the system must be liquid metal pumps and motors, cooling channels and heat exchanger. This paper describes proposed scheme, its basic technical parameters, estimations of the system whole as well as of separate elements. The lead-tin alloy is used as the transmission agent. At present the prototype of liquid metal motor/pump is successfully manufactured and operates for more than 16000 h in continuous regime.

MOPC087	The MERIT (nTOF-11) High Intensity Liquid Mercury Target Experiment at the CERN PS	target, simulation, factory, collider	262
	I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, A. Grudiev, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm, H. Pernegger, R. R. Steerenberg CERN, Geneva J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon O. Caretta, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee H. G. Kirk, H. Park, T. Tsang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The MERIT (nTOF-11) experiment is a proof-of-principle test of a target system for high power proton beams to be used as a front-end for a neutrino factory complex or a muon collider. The experiment took data in autumn 2007 using the fast extracted beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) with a maximum intensity of about 30TP per pulse. The target system, based on a free mercury jet, is capable of intercepting a 4-MW proton beam inside a 15-T magnetic field Such a field is required to capture the low-energy secondary pions which will provide the source of the required intense muon beams. Particle detectors have been installed around the target setup in order to measure the secondary particle flux out of the target and probe cavitation effects in the mercury jet when hit with variable intensity beams. The data analysis is ongoing: the results presented at this conference will demonstrate the validity of the liquid mercury target concept. For the MERIT collaboration.

MOPC090	Driver Beam-led EURISOL Target Design Constraints	target, ion, ion-source, simulation	271
	E. Noah, R. Catherall, Y. Kadi, C. Kharoua, J. Lettry, T. Stora CERN, Geneva
	The EURISOL (European Isotope Separation Online) Design Study is addressing new high power target design challenges. A three-step method* was proposed to split the high power linac proton driver beam into one H^- branch for the 4 MW mercury target that produces radioactive ion beams (RIB) via spallation neutron-induced fission in a secondary actinide target and three 100 kW H⁺ branches for the direct targets producing RIBs via fragmentation and spallation reactions. This scheme minimises transient thermo-mechanical stresses on targets and preserves the cw nature of the driver beam in the four branches. The heat load for oxides, carbides, refractory metal foils and liquid metals is driven by the incident proton driver beam while for actinides, exothermic fission reactions are an additional contribution. This paper discusses the constraints that are specific to each class of material and the target design strategies. An emphasis is placed on the modern engineering numerical tools and experimental methods used to validate the target designs. *A. Facco, R. Paparella, D. Berkovits, Isao Yamane, "Splitting of high power, cw proton beams", Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (2007).

MOPC091	Benchmarking of Collimation Tracking Using RHIC Beam Loss Data	collimation, simulation, beam-losses, insertion	274
	G. Robert-Demolaize, K. A. Drees BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	State-of-the-art tracking tools were recently developed at CERN to study the cleaning efficiency of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimation system. These tools can be benchmarked using data taken from operations of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) multi-stage collimation system. This article reviews preliminary simulation results on both the location and the intensity of proton losses around the RHIC lattice. Comparison with live measurements from the beam loss monitors are also shown in order to assess the accuracy of the predictions in the LHC case.

MOPC092	Single Particle Multi-turn Dynamics During Crystal Collimation	simulation, collimation, scattering, betatron	277
	G. Robert-Demolaize, K. A. Drees, S. Peggs BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York R. P. Fliller Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	As the increase in luminosity remains a high-profile issue for current and future accelerator projects, protecting superconducting magnets from beam induced quenches implies using state-of-the-art halo cleaning devices given the required beam intensities. In CERN's LHC case, a multi-stage collimation system is being set up so as to provide a halo cleaning efficiency up to 99.995%. In order to improve this system even further, US-LARP funded studies have started to appreciate the use of a silicon-based crystal as a primary target for the halo particles. Dedicated experiments have recently been performed in an SPS extraction line for a bent silicon crystal in case of single-pass particles. This article compares the published results of this experiment with simulations using established tracking codes. The goal is to better describe the main physics mechanisms involved in the beam-crystal interaction. A simple algorithm is then introduced to allow for fast tracking of the effect of a crystal on a high energy proton beam over many turns. The general feasibility of single particle, multi-turn crystal experiments at the SPS (CERN) and Tevatron (Fermilab) and their outline are discussed.

MOPC093	Experimental Study of Radiation Damage in Carbon Composites and Graphite Considered as Targets in the Neutrino Super Beam	target, radiation, isotope-production, linac	280
	N. Simos, H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey
	Carbon composites have been of primary interest as materials of choice for a multi-MW neutrino superbeam which desires low-Z pion production target. Beam on target experiments conducted at BNL made the case stronger in their favor, as compared to graphite, by demonstrating their excellent shock resistance which is directly linked with their extremely low thermal expansion. Since target survivability also depends on resistance to prolonged radiation, a series of irradiation damage studies on carbon composites and graphite were launched. While carbon composites at moderate doses exhibited interesting behavior of damage reversal through thermal annealing, at higher dose levels of peak proton fluences >5x10²⁰ protons/cm² they exhibited serious structural degradation. The experimental study also showed that graphite suffered similar damage when subjected to same fluence level. The paper discusses the findings of the experimental studies focusing on these materials and attempts to explain their structural degradation observed under high proton fluences given the excellent survivability record, especially of graphite, under high neutron fluences in nuclear reactor settings. Work performed under the auspices of the US DOE.

MOPC094	Irradiation Effects on the Physio-mechanical Properties of Super-alloys Characterized by Low Thermal Expansion	target, photon, radiation, electron	283
	N. Simos, H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	In an effort to address the limitations on high power accelerator target performance prompted by the elevated dose levels and the associated irradiation damage, an experimental study has been undertaken to evaluate the potential applicability of super alloys characterized by low thermal expansion over certain thermal regimes. The intriguing properties associated with materials such as super-Invar and the “gum” metal (Ti-12Ta-9Nb-3V-6Zr-O) are observed in their un-irradiated state. Irradiations were performed using the 200 MeV protons of the BNL Linac and/or a neutron flux generated by the stopping of the primary 112 MeV protons upstream of the exposed super-alloys. The paper presents the post-irradiation analysis results which reveal interesting damage reversal by the super-invar and unexpected low threshold of radiation resistance by the “gum” metal. Work performed under the auspices of the US DOE.

MOPC098	LHC Particle Collimation by Hollow Electron Beams	electron, collimation, cathode, ion	292
	V. D. Shiltsev, A. I. Drozhdin, V. Kamerdzhiev, G. F. Kuznetsov, L. G. Vorobiev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Electron Lenses built and installed in Tevatron have proven themselves as safe and very reliable instruments which can be effectively used in hadron collider operation for a number of applications, including compensation of beam- beam effects, DC beam removal from abort gaps, as a diagnostic tool. In this presentation we consider a possibility of using electron lenses with hollow electron beam for ion and proton collimation in LHC.

MOPC101	Design Considerations of Fast-cycling Synchrotrons Based on Superconducting Transmission Line Magnets	power-supply, synchrotron, cryogenics, target	301
	H. Piekarz, S. Hays, Y. Huang, V. D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Fast cycling synchrotrons have become necessary components of contemporary accelerator systems for advanced nuclear and high-energy physics programs. We explore a possibility of using super-ferric dipole magnets of up to 2 Tesla B-field powered by a superconducting transmission line conductor. We present both the LTS and the HTS conductor design options for these magnets and their impact on both static and dynamic power losses with operation cycles from o.5 Hz to 5 Hz, depending on the beam energy and the size of the accelerator ring. We also discuss expected B-field quality and the corrector magnets options. We outline magnet string inter-connections and creation of space for the corrector magnets and discuss option for a superconducting dump switch of the quench protection system.

MOPC111	Lattice Studies for Spin-filtering Experiments at COSY and AD	target, quadrupole, antiproton, lattice	322
	A. Garishvili, A. N. Nass, E. Steffens University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut II, Erlangen A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, F. Rathmann, R. Schleichert, H. Ströher FZJ, Jülich P. Lenisa, M. Statera INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara S. A. Martin UGS, Langenbernsdorf
	In the framework of the FAIR project, the PAX collaboration has proposed a research program based on polarized antiprotons. Polarized antiprotons are to be produced by spin-dependent attenuation on a polarized hydrogen target. For a better understanding of this mechanism it is planned to perform Spin-Filtering studies with protons at COSY (Jülich). In a second phase, it is envisioned to study Spin-Filtering with antiprotons at the AD (CERN). Which will allow for the determination of the total spin-dependent transverse and longitudinal cross sections. In order to achieve the required long storage times, a storage ring section has to be developed which minimizes the spin-independent losses due to Coulomb scattering. The Coulomb-loss cross section for single scattering losses at fixed energy is proportional to the acceptance angle. Therefore, at the target point the beta functions should be as small as possible. Fot the 'low-beta' section, superconducting quadrupole magnets are utilized. It is composed of two (COSY) and three (AD) SC quadrupoles on each side of the target. Results of the lattice studies and requirements for the superconducting quadrupole magnets will be discussed

MOPC113	Head-on Beam-beam Compensation with Electron Lenses in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider	electron, emittance, simulation, resonance	328
	Y. Luo, N. P. Abreu, E. N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, C. Montag, M. Okamura, A. I. Pikin, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The working points for polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are currently constrained between 2/3 and 7/10, and the beam and luminosity lifetimes are limited by head-on beam-beam effects. To further increase the bunch intensity, we propose a low energy Gaussian electron beam, or electron lens, to collide head-on with the proton beam in order to compensate the large tune shift and tune spread generated by the proton-proton collisions in 2 interaction points. In this article, outline of the RHIC head-on beam-beam compensation with e-lenses and parameters for both proton and electron beams are presented.

MOPC114	Status of the Electrostatic and Cryogenic Double Ring DESIREE	ion, vacuum, storage-ring, electron	331
	P. Löfgren, G. Andler, L. Bagge, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, H. Danared, A. Källberg, S. Leontein, L. Liljeby, A. Paal, K.-G. Rensfelt, A. Simonsson MSL, Stockholm H. Cederquist, M. Larsson, S. Rosén, H. T. Schmidt Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm
	DESIREE is a double electrostatic storage ring being built at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory and Stockholm University. The two rings in DESIREE have the same circumference, 8.7m, and a common straight section along which stored ions can interact. The ion optics for both rings will be housed in a single double walled vacuum chamber built like a cryostat with a radiation screen and several layers of super insulation in between the two chambers. The inner chamber, which holds all the optical elements, will be cooled by four cryogenerators attached to the bottom of this chamber. It is constructed in pure aluminum to ensure good thermal conductivity over the whole structure. The whole accelerator structure will be cooled below 20K. This low temperature in combination with the unique double ring structure will result in a powerful machine for studying interactions between cold molecular ions close to zero relative energy. The outer vacuum chamber is constructed in steel with a high magnetic permeability to provide an efficient screening of the earth magnetic field. DESIREE will be provided with two injectors which will be able to supply both positive and negative ions to both rings.

MOPC121	Progress on Dual Harmonic Acceleration on the ISIS Synchrotron	acceleration, power-supply, synchrotron, beam-losses	349
	A. Seville, D. Bayley, I. S.K. Gardner, J. W.G. Thomason, C. M. Warsop STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon D. J. Adams STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The ISIS synchrotron at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK is currently undergoing an RF upgrade. Four, h=4 cavities have been installed in addition to the existing 6, h=2, cavities and should be capable of increasing the operating current from 200 to 300 μA. Two of the four cavities have been in operation for the last 2 user cycles improving trapping lossess and increasing operating currents beyond 200 μA. The remaining two cavities were commissioned in the spring of 2008. This paper reports on hardware commissioning, beam tests and beam simulation results.

MOPC128	J-PARC Accelerator Scheme for Muon to Electron Conversion Search	extraction, emittance, background, kicker	367
	M. Tomizawa KEK, Ibaraki M. Aoki, I. Itahashi Osaka University, Osaka
	The searching for coherent neutrino-less conversion of a muon to an electron (COMET) at sensitivity of 10?16 has been proposed as an experiment using the J-PARC Nuclear and Particle Experimental (NP) Hall. The experiment is planned to utilize a 56 kW, 8 GeV-bunched proton beam slowly extracted from the J-PARC main ring. The 1 MHz beam pulsing with an extremely low bunch to bunch gap background is needed to eliminate beam-related background events and keep an experimental sensitivity as high as possible. The 8 GeV extraction energy is rather lower than an ordinary energy. The beam size must be less than apertures of the extracted orbit in the ring and the transport line to the NP Hall. Accelerator scheme to satisfy above requirements will be reported in this paper.

MOPC131	Ions for LHC: Towards Completion of the Injector Chain	ion, injection, acceleration, controls	376
	D. Manglunki, M. Albert, M.-E. Angoletta, G. Arduini, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, P. Belochitskii, E. Benedetto, T. Bohl, C. Carli, E. Carlier, M. Chanel, H. Damerau, S. S. Gilardoni, S. Hancock, D. Jacquet, J. M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Kuchler, M. Martini, S. Maury, E. Métral, L. Normann, G. Papotti, S. Pasinelli, M. Schokker, R. Scrivens, G. Tranquille, J. L. Vallet, B. Vandorpe, U. Wehrle, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The CERN LHC experimental programme includes heavy ion physics with collisions between two counter-rotating Pb⁸²⁺ ion beams at a momentum of 2.76 TeV/c/nucleon per beam and luminosities as high as 1·10²⁷ cm^-2 s^-1. To achieve the beam parameters required for this operation the ion accelerator chain has undergone substantial modifications. Commissioning with beam of the various elements of this chain started in 2005 and in 2007 it was the turn of the final stage, the Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) following extensive changes to the low-level RF hardware. The major limitations of this mode of operation of the SPS (space charge, intra-beam scattering) are presented, together with the performance reached so far. The status of the pre-injector performance will also be reviewed together with a description of the steps required to reach nominal performance.

MOPC132	Acceleration Voltage Pattern for J-PARC RCS	acceleration, synchrotron, emittance	379
	M. Yamamoto, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken S. Anami, E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, A. Takagi, M. Toda, M. Yoshii KEK, Ibaraki
	The beam commissioning has been started at the J-PARC RCS. Some acceleration voltage patterns are tested to prevent the beam losses. The calculation code for the acceleration voltage pattern is usually based on the differential equation of the longitudinal synchrotron motion. We have developed the code based on the forward-difference equation which satisfies the synchronization with the bending magnetic field ramping accurately. This is very useful especially at the rapid cycling synchrotron where the ramping rate is high. The results of the test are described.

MOPC133	Radiation Level in the J-PARC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron after First Study	beam-losses, injection, acceleration, synchrotron	382
	K. Yamamoto, N. Hayashi, S. Hiroki, R. Saeki JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken K. Satoh, M. Tejima KEK, Ibaraki T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
	The 3GeV RCS (Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron) in J-PARC has been commissioned in October of 2007. The most important issue in the beam study is to reduce unnecessary beam loss and to keep the beam line clean for the sake of maintenance and upgrade of the machines. In order to achieve this purpose, we observed the beam loss monitors located around the RCS beam line and observed them for beam commissioning. We also investigated the residual dose of accelerator components during an interval of beam study. From these results, we found that beam loss points were the injection junction point, the branch of H0 dump and extraction line, transverse collimators, and dispersion maximum points in the arcs. Especially, the entrance of the primary collimator chamber and the current transformer of the H0 dump line were the most radio-activated points in the RCS. To make the best use of these results for beam commissioning, we managed to minimize the beam losses and succeeded in suppressing the residual dose to a level low enough to allows us to work close to those components.

MOPC151	Status of the Versatile Ion Source VIS	plasma, extraction, ion, controls	430
	F. Maimone, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Gallo, N. Gambino, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli, S. Passarello, E. Zappalà INFN/LNS, Catania
	The characteristics of the ideal injector for high power proton accelerators has been studied in the past with the TRIPS ion source built at INFN-LNS, Catania and now in operation at INFN-LNL, Legnaro. The beam production must obey to the request of high brightness, stability and reliability. The new Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is a permanent magnet version of the TRIPS source with a simplified and robust extraction system. It operates up to 80 kV without a bulky high voltage platform, producing multi-mA beams of protons and H²⁺. The description of the source design and the preliminary performance will be presented. An outline of the forthcoming developments is given, with particular care to the use of a low loss dc break and to the use of a travelling wave tube amplifier to get an optimum matching between the microwave generator and the plasma.

MOPD015	Current Status of Development in TETD of High-power Vacuum Microwave Devices	klystron, linac, electron, power-supply	475
	M. Niigaki Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices Co., Ltd, Tokyo K. Hayashi, M. Irikura, M. Sakamoto, H. Taoka TETD, Otawara M. Y. Miyake, Y. Okubo, S. Sakamoto, Y. Yano Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices Co., Ltd (TETD), Tochigi
	TETD (Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices Co., LTD.) has been developing a wide variety of klystrons and input couplers in collaboration with some Japanese research institutes. This article presents recent results of the development including a C-band and an S-band pulsed klystrons for SPring-8 Joint Project for XFEL, 1.3-GHz horizontal MBK for DESY and a 1.3-GHz TTF-type input coupler for the European XFEL. As an application to fusion experimental devices, development of a 5-GHz, 500-kW CW klystron for KSTAR and a 170-GHz quasi CW gyrotron for ITER are also presented.

MOPD022	New 1MW 704MHz RF Test Stand at CEA-Saclay	klystron, cathode, linac, cryogenics	490
	S. Chel, M. Desmons, A. Hamdi, F. Peauger CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	In the frame of the european CARE/HIPPI programme, superconducting accelerating cavities for pulsed proton injectors are developed. Qualification of these 704 MHz RF structures fully equipped (housed in a helium tank, with tuning system and power coupler), requires to perform high power tests in the existing horizontal cryostat CryHoLab. During the last years, CEA-Saclay built and ordered the necessary RF equipments to make such a platform for high power RF tests in a cryogenic environment available to the partners in HIPPI and later on to any other interested European teams. The main components of the RF test stand (95 kV-275kVA DC High Voltage Power Supply, 50Hz modulator and 1MW 704.4MHz RF klystron amplifier) are now installed and tested. In this paper, we present the different components with a focus on the new design of the hard tube modulator to match the new specifications and the compatibility with the floating HVPS, the results of the HV and RF measurements performed and we give a brief description of the PXI-based controller for the interlocks and klystron auxiliary controls.

MOPD026	Radiological Hazards Assessment for the Beam Dump of High Intensity Deuteron Accelerators	ion, photon	502
	D. López, M. Garcia, A. Mayoral, F. Ogando, J. Sanz, P. Sauvan UNED, Madrid
	Several of the most important aspects with regards to the radiological potential hazards assessment in the beam dump of a high intensity deuteron accelerator are analyzed. Deuteron and neutron induced activation as well as neutron production for the beam dump cartridge, in order to select low activation materials; evaluation of the tritium production due to the implanted deuterium in the material and the presence of water in the cooling and local shielding systems, relevant for the associated radiotoxicity; estimation of gamma dose rate in beam-off phase in the vicinity of the cartridge, important issue for accessibility and maintenance works of the system. All these points are assessed both for normal operation and commissioning phase in the IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator prototype. Several materials are studied according to neutron production using transport codes (MCNPX and PHITS) and EAF2007 libraries. Activation calculations with ACAB code use irradiation fluxes obtained with MCNPX. Evaluation of tritium production due to implanted deuterium is calculated with SRIM-TMAP7 coupled code. Tritium in water is calculated by activation procedures. Gamma dose rate is computed with MCNPX.

MOPD032	Neutronics Calculations to Support the SNS Accelerator Facility	shielding, radiation, target, linac	520
	I. I. Popova, G. W. Dodson, P. D. Ferguson, J. Galambos, F. X. Gallmeier ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator driven neutron scattering facility for materials research that recently started operations. After commissioning, the facility started at low power and is presently in the process of a power ramp to reach the Megawatt power level within two years of operations, maintenance, and tuning cycles. Extensive neutronics work for shielding development and dose rate predictions was completed during design and construction for various operational and shut down scenarios. Now that the facility is successfully operating, there is still demand for neutronics analyses for radiation-protection support. This need arises from redesigning some parts of the facility, facility upgrades, designing additional structures, designing test stands for accelerator structures, and verification and code validation analyses on the basis of the measured data.

MOPP006	Machine Induced Backgrounds for FP420	background, simulation, scattering, betatron	559
	R. Appleby, K. M. Potter, F. Roncarolo, G. J. Sellers UMAN, Manchester I. Azhgirey, I. Baishev, I. L. Kurochkin, V. Talanov IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region M. Ruspa INFN-Torino, Torino
	The LHC FP420 collaboration is assessing the feasibility of installing forward proton detectors at 420m from the ATLAS and/or CMS interaction points. Such detectors aim at measuring diffracted protons, which lost less than 2% of their longitudinal momentum. The success of this measurement requires a very good understanding of the charged and neutral particle environment in the detector region in order to avoid the signal being swamped as well as for detector survivability. This background receives contributions from beam-gas interactions, halo particles surviving from the Betatron and momentum cleaning systems and secondary showers produced by particles from the 14TeV collision region striking the beampipe upstream of the FP420 detectors. In this paper, such background sources are reviewed, and the expected background rates calculated.

MOPP071	Intense Stopping Muon Beams	dipole, target, background, scattering	712
	M. A.C. Cummings, R. J. Abrams, R. P. Johnson, C. Y. Yoshikawa Muons, Inc, Batavia C. M. Ankenbrandt, M. A. Martens, D. V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The study of rare processes using stopping muon beams provides access to new physics that cannot be addressed at energy frontier machines. The flux of muons into a small stopping target is limited by the kinematics of the production process and by stochastic processes in the material used to slow the particles. Innovative muon beam cooling techniques are being applied to the design of stopping muon beams in order to increase the event rates in such experiments. Such intense stopping beams will also aid the development of applications such as muon spin resonance and muon-catalyzed fusion.

MOPP073	Plasma Lens for Muon and Neutrino Beams	plasma, target, focusing, simulation	718
	S. A. Kahn, S. Korenev Muons, Inc, Batavia M. B. Bishai, M. Diwan, J. C. Gallardo, A. Hershcovitch, B. M. Johnson BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	The plasma lens is examined as an alternate to focusing horns and solenoids for use in a neutrino or muon beam facility. The plasma lens concept is based on a combined high current lens/target configuration. The current is fed at electrodes located upstream and downstream form the target where pion capturing is needed. The current flows primarily in the plasma, which has a lower resistivity than the target. A second plasma lens section, with an additional current feed, follows the target to provide shaping of the plasma for optimum focusing. The plasma lens is immersed in an additional solenoidal magnetic field to facilitate the plasma stability. The geometry of the plasma is shaped to provide optimal pion capture. Simulations of this plasma lens system have shown a 25% higher neutrino production than the horn system. Plasma lenses have additional advantages: larger axial currents than horns, minimal neutrino contamination during antineutrino running, and negligible pion absorption or scattering. Results from particle simulations using plasma lens will be presented.

MOPP092	Efficient Fan-out RF Vector Control Algorithm	controls, impedance, coupling	766
	Y. W. Kang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	A new RF vector control algorithm for fan-out power distribution using reactive transmission line circuit parameters for maximum power efficiency is presented. This control with fan-out power distribution system is considered valuable for large scale SRF accelerator systems to reduce construction costs and save on operating costs. Other fixed power splitting systems with individual cavity voltage control at each cavity input may not deliver the power efficiency since excessive power needs to be maintained at each cavity input. In a fan-out RF power distribution system, feeding multiple accelerating cavities with a single RF power generator can be accomplished by adjusting phase delays between the load cavities and reactive loads at the cavity inputs for independent control of cavity RF voltage vectors. In this approach, the RF control parameters for a set of specified cavity RF voltage vectors is determined for a whole fan-out system. The reactive loads and phase shifts can be realized using high power RF phase shifters.

MOPP105	Compact, Tunable RF Cavities	booster, synchrotron, vacuum, controls	802
	M. Popovic, C. M. Ankenbrandt, E. Griffin, A. Moretti, R. E. Tomlin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois M. Alsharo'a, I. B. Enchevich, R. P. Johnson, S. Korenev Muons, Inc, Batavia
	New developments in the design of fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) synchrotrons have sparked interest in their use as rapid-cycling, high intensity accelerators of ions, protons, muons, and electrons. Potential applications include proton drivers for neutron or muon production, rapid muon accelerators, electron accelerators for synchrotron light sources, and medical accelerators of protons and light ions for cancer therapy. Compact RF cavities that tune rapidly over various frequency ranges are needed to provide the acceleration in FFAG lattices. An innovative design of a compact RF cavity that uses orthogonally biased ferrite for fast frequency tuning and liquid dielectric to adjust the frequency range is being developed using physical prototypes and computer models.

MOPP112	Status of the PEFP Superconducting RF Project	superconducting-RF, damping, linac, controls	820
	S. An, Y.-S. Cho, B. H. Choi, C. Gao, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang, L. Zhang KAERI, Daejon
	Superconducting RF project of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) aims to develop a superconducting RF linac to accelerate a proton beam above 80 MeV at 700 MHz. The preliminary design of a low-beta cryomodule has been completed. A low-beta (β=0.42) cavity, a higher-mode coupler and a fundamental power coupler (FPC) for the PEFP cavities have also been designed. A FPC baking system and high power RF conditioning system are under construction. A helium vesel made of stainless steel has been designed. A new tuner has also been designed. Two prototype copper cavities have been produced and tested. The HOM coupler has been measured on the copper cavities. A cryostat for a SRF cavity vertical testing has been designed.

MOPP113	PEFP Dumbbell Frequency and Length Tuning of a Low-beta SRF Cavity	superconducting-RF, linac, target, controls	823
	S. An, Y.-S. Cho, C. Gao, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang KAERI, Daejon L. Zhang Department of Mechanics, Chang’an University, Daejon
	Based on present technology, a dumbbell fabrication is a necessary mid-process for a cavity manufacting process. A dumbbell with a right length and frequency is necessary to build up a desired cavity. In order to obtain the exact frequencies of each individual half cell of a PEFP dumbbell, a new and confirmed measurement method has been established. In this paper, the dumbbell frequency measurement method and the frequency and length tuning practices for a PEFP low-beta cavity have been described.

MOPP126	Experimental Characterization of a 700 MHz β=0.47 5 Cell Superconducting Cavity Prototype for Pulsed Proton Linac	linac, simulation, electron, acceleration	853
	G. Devanz, J.-P. Charrier, S. Chel, Y. Gasser, P. Hardy, J. Plouin, J. P. Poupeau, D. Roudier CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	A 700 MHz 5 cell elliptical cavity has been developed to accelerate a high intensity proton beam in the lower energy part of a superconducting linac, starting at 80 MeV. The cavity is stiffened in order to minimize the Lorentz detuning which limits high field pulsed operation of the flatter, low beta elliptical cavities. It is equipped with a stainless steel helium vessel. The RF tests of the cavity have been carried out at 1.8 K. Cavity performance is reported in this paper. Measurements of the RF response to mechanical excitations are also presented.

MOPP166	Control System for a PEFP FPC Baking System	controls, vacuum, monitoring, superconductivity	940
	L. Zhang, S. An, Y.-S. Cho, Y. M. Li, Y. Z. Tang KAERI, Daejon
	In order to bake PEFP Fundamental Power Couplers (FPC) before their RF conditioning, a PEFP baking system has been designed. A control system for the baking system has been completed by using the Labview 8.2 and A-B SLC-500 PLC. In this paper, the server and client communication technology based on OLE for a Process Control (OPC) and a Labview 8.2 Datalogging and Supervisory Control (DSC) Module are described. The program for the SLC-500 PLC with four I/O modules has been written. The mechanical design and control process are described.

TUXG02	High Luminosity Operation, Beam-Beam Effects and Their Compensation in TEVATRON	electron, antiproton, luminosity, collider	951
	V. D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	During the recent years a remarkable increase of the TEVATRON luminosity was achieved. The presentation discusses the collider performance, how this was achieved and illustrates today's limitations. The TEVATRON will shutdown soon but many ideas that emerged from the TEVATRON are of great interest for future (hadron) colliders. As an example, the experience gained at the TEVATRON in understanding of beam-beam effects in hadron colliders and their compensation is highly relevant for future projects. Experimental results of the Tevatron Electron Lenses will be presented and possible use of similar lenses in LHC and RHIC will be discussed.
	Slides

TUZG02	Status of Hadrontherapy Facilities Worldwide	light-ion, ion	978
	E. S. Pedroni PSI, Villigen
	Especially within the last years a remarkable dynamics can be observed with respect to the realization of new hadrontherapy facilities. The reasons are the development of new treatment modalities like pencil beam scanning, but also commercial aspects, arising from the number of patients that would profit from this treatment and the according demand of such facilities. The interest of industrial firms in constructing and operating 'turn-key' facilities has increased and at present several firms provide such facilities for proton treatment as well as for light ion (and proton) treatments. This presentation gives an overview of basic biophysical properties and the treatment modalities, the status of existing and planned facilities as well as developments on this field.
	Slides

TUOCG01	The Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator Coming into Operation	synchrotron, extraction, ion, linac	979
	D. Ondreka, U. Weinrich GSI, Darmstadt
	The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Facility (HIT) is the first dedicated proton and carbon therapy facility in Europe. It uses full three dimensional intensity-controlled raster scanning as basic treatment technique. The commissioning of the accelerator with beam was successfully finished for two fixed-beam treatment places in December 2007. Therefore a library of 40000 combinations of beam properties (ion type, treatment place, energy, intensity, beam size) is now offered to the treatment technique teams preparing the treatment systems for the clinical use. The HIT facility also comprises a gantry with full scanning properties constituting the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree, so that the beam may be aimed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning with beam of the gantry was started in January 2008 when the first beams were transported successfully into the treatment room. The talk will report on experiences and results of the commissioning of the accelerator sections. It puts special emphasis on the subject of preparing the enormous variety of beam properties in an efficient and reliable way.
	Slides

TUOCG03	Proposal for a ½ MW Electron Linac for Rare Isotope and Materials Science	target, electron, linac, site	985
	S. R. Koscielniak, P. G. Bricault, B. Davids, J. Dilling, M. Dombsky TRIUMF, Vancouver D. Karlen Victoria University, Victoria, B. C.
	TRIUMF, in collaboration with university partners, proposes to construct a megawatt-class electron linear accelerator (e-linac) as a driver for U(gamma,f) of actinide targets with rates up to 10¹³ - 10¹⁴ fissions/sec and for (gamma,p)8Li for materials science. The particular emphasis would be on neutron-rich species. The 50 MeV, 10 mA, c.w. linac is based on super-conducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology at 1.3 GHz. Though high power/current electron linacs are a mature technology proposed elsewhere for applications ranging from 4th generation light-sources to TeV-scale linear colliders, TRIUMF is in the vanguard for applying this technology to the copious production of isotopes for studies of (i) nuclear structure and astrophysics; and (ii) beta-NMR for materials science.
	Slides

TUOBM03	High-Intensity Polarized H^- (Proton), Deuteron and 3He++ Ion Source Development at BNL	polarization, ion, injection, rfq	1010
	A. Zelenski, J. G. Alessi, A. Kponou, D. Raparia BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	New techniques for production of polarized H^- (protons), deuteron and 3He++ ion beams (based on optical pumping polarization method) will be discussed. Feasibility studies of these techniques are in progress at BNL. The depolarization factors in the multi-step spin-transfer polarization technique and basic limitations on maximum polarization in the OPPIS (Optically-Pumped Polarized H^- Ion Source) will be discussed. Detailed studies of polarization losses in the RHIC OPPIS and the source parameters optimization resulted in the OPPIS polarization increase to 86-90%. This contributed to AGS and RHIC polarization increase to 65-70%.
	Slides

TUOBM04	FFAGs for the ERIT and ADS Projects at KURRI	target, booster, injection, storage-ring	1013
	T. Uesugi, H. Horii, Y. Kuriyama, K. Mishima, Y. Mori, A. Osanai, T. Planche, S. Shiroya, M. Tanigaki, H. Yoshino KURRI, Osaka M. Inoue SLLS, Shiga Y. Ishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe M. Muto FFAG DDS Research Organization, Tokyo K. Okabe, I. Sakai University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fului
	A chain of FFAG proton accelerator have been under construction at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI), Osaka, for the study of accelerator driven system (ADS) since 2004. The accelerator is a cascade type and composed of three different FFAG rings: injector, booster and main ring. The maximum energy of the main ring is 150 MeV for proton. The beam was successfully accelerated and extracted from the booster in June of 2006 and the beam commissioning of the main ring has started since then. Recently the beam has been successfully injected into the main ring.
	Slides

TUPC013	A Compact and Versatile Diagnostic Tool for CNAO Injection Line	ion, emittance, diagnostics, injection	1071
	J. Bosser, G. Balbinot, S. Bini, M. Caldara, V. Chimenti, L. Lanzavecchia, A. Parravicini CNAO Foundation, Milan A. Clozza, V. Lollo INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
	CNAO, the first Italian center for deep hadrontherapy, is presently in its final step of construction. It will provide treatments with active scanning both with proton and carbon ion beams. Commissioning of the injection lines will be started by the time of the presentation of this report. CNAO beams are generated by two ECR sources, which are both able to produce both particle species. The beam energy in the Low Energy Beam Transfer (LEBT) line is 8 keV/u. A compact and versatile tank has been designed that contains a complete set of diagnostic tools. It is only 390mm long; it houses two horizontal and two vertical plates to suppress beam halo, measure emittance and eventually to limit beam size. It also comprises two wire scanners, for vertical and horizontal beam transverse profile, as well as a Faraday Cup for current measurement. Synchronous profile and intensity measurements and phase space distribution reconstruction can be performed with one tank monitors. Five identical tanks are installed in the LEBT, as consequence of a standardization strategy to facilitate monitoring and make maintenance easier. Expected performances and preliminary beam measurements are presented.

TUPC020	Development of Non-destructive Beam Current Measurement for the iThemba LABS Cyclotrons	cyclotron, diagnostics, pick-up, target	1089
	Z. Kormány ATOMKI, Debrecen J. L. Conradie, J. L.G. Delsink, D. T. Fourie, J. V. Pilcher, P. F. Rohwer iThemba LABS, Somerset West K. Juhasz University of Debrecen, Debrecen
	The 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron and its two 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotrons at iThemba LABS deliver beams of light and heavy ions, as well as polarized protons, with variable energy for nuclear physics research, a low-intensity proton 200 MeV beam for proton therapy and a high-intensity 66 MeV proton beam for neutron therapy and the production of radioisotopes. The intensity of the 66 MeV proton beam has recently been increased to 250 μA. This necessitated development of non-destructive beam diagnostic equipment, amongst others, for beam current measurement at various positions in the different beamlines. It was decided to determine the beam current by digitizing and analyzing the signals from capacitive phase probes on-line, instead of using more costly DC beam-current transformers. It was also important to design the phase probes with as low as possible inductance in their support to the diagnostic vacuum chambers to eliminate ringing in the probe signals. The design of the probes, the analyses of the probe signals and the results that were obtained with the equipment will be presented.

TUPC022	Non-destructive Beam Position and Profile Measurements Using Light Emitted by Residual Gas in a Cyclotron Beam Line	cyclotron, vacuum, diagnostics, controls	1095
	J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich C. Boehme UniDo/IBS, Dortmund A. H. Botha, J. L. Conradie, M. A. Crombie, J. H. Du Toit, D. T. Fourie, H. W. Mostert, P. F. Rohwer, P. A. van Schalkwyk iThemba LABS, Somerset West T. Weis DELTA, Dortmund
	Non-destructive beam position and profile measurements were made in the transfer beam line between an 8 MeV solid-pole injector cyclotron and a 200 MeV separated-sector cyclotron that is used for nuclear physics research, radioisotope production and proton and neutron therapy. Light emitted from the beam induced ionization of residual gas particles was measured using a multi-cathode photomultiplier tube (PMT). The PMT was mounted outside the vacuum system on a diagnostic chamber and light passing through a glas window was focused on the photocathode array by means of a lens. The anode currents of the PMT were measured with computer-controlled electronic equipment recently developed for measuring the currents of multi-wire beam profile monitors. Software was developed to control the measurement processes, remove offset values and further process the data digitally. The measured beam positions and profiles were compared with those determined with a multi-wire beam profile monitor for a 3.14 MeV proton beam. It was necessary to shield the PMT from gamma rays generated on nearby slits. The design of the measuring equipment is discussed and the results of the measurements are presented.

TUPC034	Beam Instrumentations for the J-PARC RCS Commissioning	injection, linac, synchrotron, diagnostics	1125
	N. Hayashi, S. Hiroki, R. Saeki, K. Satou, R. Toyokawa, K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken D. A. Arakawa, S. Hiramatsu, M. Tejima KEK, Ibaraki S. Lee, T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken
	A 3-GeV Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) has been commissioned recently. During its beam commissioning, various beam diagnostic instrumentation has been used. The multi-wire profile monitor (MWPM) is used to establish injection and H0 dump line, which transports un-stripped H^- or H0 beam to the dump. The electron catcher confirms that the beam hits a charge exchange carbon foil and the specified current monitor limits the beam current to the H0 dump. Single pass BPMs which detect linac frequency (324MHz) and ionization profile monitors (IPM) help to check the one pass orbit without circulation of the beam. The beam position monitor (BPM) can measure both COD and turn-by-turn position. Tune monitor system consists of exciter and its own BPM. The exciter shakes the beam and coherent oscillation is measured at BPM. Dedicated BPMs, Fast CT (FCT) and Wall Current Monitor (WCM) are used for RF feedback or feedforward control. It will describe the performance of each instruments and how they are contributed to the successful beam commissioning.

TUPC039	p-Carbon CNI Polarimetry in the AGS and RHIC	polarization, target, vacuum, scattering	1140
	H. Huang, A. Bazilevsky, A. Bravar, G. Bunce, V. Dharmawardane, R. L. Gill, Y. Makdisi, B. Morozov, M. Sivertz, D. Steski, K. Yip, A. Zelenski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York I. G. Alekseev, D. Svirida ITEP, Moscow W. Lozowski IUCF, Bloomington, Indiana
	Polarimetry based on proton carbon elastic scattering in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region has been utilized for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). They have been critical tools for polarized proton acceleration setup and provided polarization values for RHIC experiments. This paper summarizes the recent modifications to the hardware and electronics. The performance of the polarimeters is also discussed.

TUPC044	Towards Routine Operation of the Digital Tune Monitor in the Tevatron	betatron, pick-up, antiproton, feedback	1155
	V. Kamerdzhiev, V. A. Lebedev, A. Semenov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The digital tune monitor (DTM) was designed to measure bunch-by-bunch tunes in the Tevatron collider. It uses a standard BPM as a pickup. The vertical proton monitor is installed and allows us to gain valuable operational experience. A major upgrade is underway to implement an automatic bunch-by-bunch gain and offset adjustment to maintain the highest possible sensitivity under real operational conditions. Once the system is shown to be able to cope with orbit changes and different bunch intensities in an automatic manner while reliably delivering data it will be expanded to measure horizontal proton as well as antiproton tunes. The motivation and the technical description of the DTM as well as the latest experimental results are presented. Major challenges from the design and operation point of view are discussed.

TUPC109	Analysis of Measurement Errors in Residual Gas Ionisation Profile Monitors in a High Intensity Proton Beam	ion, space-charge, simulation, synchrotron	1317
	R. E. Williamson, S. J. Payne, B. G. Pine, C. M. Warsop STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	ISIS is the pulsed neutron and muon source based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. Operation is centred on a loss-limited 50 Hz proton synchrotron which accelerates ~3·10¹³ protons per pulse from 70 MeV to 800 MeV, corresponding to a mean beam power of 0.2 MW. Beam profile measurements are a key component of both ISIS operational running and R&D beam studies. Understanding and quantifying limitations in these monitors is essential, and has become more important as work to optimise and study the beam in more detail has progressed. This paper presents 3D field and ion trajectory modelling of the ISIS residual gas ionization profile monitors, including the effects of non-uniformity in longitudinal and transverse drift fields, and beam space charge. The simulation model allows comparison between the input beam profile, and that deduced from ion currents. The resulting behaviour, corrections and errors are then compared with experimental data from the ISIS synchrotron.

TUPC139	LLRF Electronics for the CNAO Synchrotron	controls, pick-up, synchrotron, acceleration	1392
	O. Bourrion, D. Tourres, C. Vescovi LPSC, Grenoble
	The Italian National Centre for Oncological hAdrontherapy (CNAO) is undergoing its final construction phase in Pavia and will use proton and carbon ion beams to treat patients affected by solid tumours. At the hearth of CNAO is a 78 meters circumference synchrotron, capable of accelerating particle up to 400 MeV/u with a repetition rate of 0.4 Hz. Particle acceleration is done by a unique VITROVAC load RF cavity operating at a frequency between 0.3 and 3MHz and up to 3kV peak amplitude. In order to control this cavity a digital LLRF system has been designed at LPSC. It is based mainly upon Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS). The LLRF system implement both cavity control and beam control capabilities in a compact, remotely programmable and configurable, Ethernet controlled electronic module. It also allows an easy regulation loop tuning, thanks to an embedded acquisition system that stores all input and output signals during a given acceleration cycle. This paper describes the electronics architecture, lab measurements and test results obtained with the system coupled with the CNAO cavity.

TUPC154	CERN PSB Beam Tests of CNAO Synchrotron's Digital LLRF	synchrotron, extraction, controls, acceleration	1431
	M.-E. Angoletta, A. Findlay CERN, Geneva O. Bourrion, R. Foglio, D. Tourres, C. Vescovi LPSC, Grenoble C. De Martinis INFN-Milano, Milano L. Falbo, S. Hunt CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The Italian National Centre for Oncological hAdrontherapy (CNAO), in its final construction phase, uses proton and carbon ion beams to treat patients affected by solid tumours. At the heart of CNAO is a 78-meter circumference synchrotron that accelerates particles to up to 400 MeV/u. The synchrotron relies on a digital LLRF system based upon Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This system implements cavity servoing and beam control capabilities, such as phase and radial loops. Beam tests of the CNAO synchrotron LLRF system were carried out at CERN’s Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) in autumn 2007, to verify the combined DSP/FPGA architecture and the beam control capabilities. For this, a prototype version of CNAO’s LLRF system was adapted to the PSB requirements. This paper outlines the prototype system layout and describes the tests carried out and their results. In particular, system architecture and beam control capabilities were successfully proven by comparison with the PSB operational beam control system and with the help of several existing beam diagnostic systems.

TUPD003	Upgrading the Fast Extraction Kicker System in SPS LSS6	kicker, extraction, impedance, pick-up	1437
	M. J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, J. A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva
	A fast extraction system, located in the LSS6 region of the CERN SPS accelerator, transfers 450 GeV/c protons, as well as ions, via the transfer line TI 2 towards the LHC. The system includes three travelling wave kicker magnets, all powered in series, energised by a single Pulse Forming Network (PFN) and terminated by a short circuit. The specification for the system requires a kick flattop of 7800 ns duration with a ripple of not more than ±0.5%. Recent measurements with beam show that the ±0.5% kick specification is achieved over the initial 7100 ns of the kick flattop; however the ripple over 7800 ns is ±0.7%. Electrical measurements have been carried out on each of the three magnets: these have been compared with the beam measurements and the contribution of each magnet to the detailed shape of the flattop kick has been determined. This paper reports the results of measurements and describes the plans to upgrade the system to fully meet the kick specification.

TUPD004	10Hz Pulsed Power Converters for the ISIS Second Target Station(TS-2)	kicker, pulsed-power, controls, power-supply	1440
	S. L. Birch, S. P. Stoneham STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The Extracted Proton Beamline to the ISIS second target station has two 10Hz pulsed magnet systems which extract the proton beam from the existing 50Hz beamline. Kicker 1 magnet system deflects the beam 12.1mrad and kicker 2 magnet system deflects the beam 95mrad. Both magnets are identical, however each pulsed power converter is considerably different. This paper describes the design requirements, topology, installation, testing and successful operation of both pulsed power converters.

TUPD016	Grounding and Induced Voltage Issues of the Injection Bump Magnet System of the 3-GeV RCS in J-PARC	power-supply, controls, linac, synchrotron	1461
	T. Takayanagi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken Y. Irie KEK, Ibaraki
	The power supply of the injection shift bump magnets is required to rate a large current with high precision. The rating current is 20 kA and the pulse width is 1.3 ms. The power supply with the multiple connected two-quadrant IGBT choppers, which is controlled by the switching frequency over 48 kHz, realizes the tracking error less than 1.0 %. However, the switching noise due to the IGBT choppers caused damages to the control device and the measuring instrument. The ground cables were changed to copper sheets, so that the voltage due to the switching noise between the power supply board and the ground decreased from 800 V to 40 V. Furthermore, the output voltage of the RF shield was measured in connection with the several waveform patterns. These results showed the good agreement with the calculation and the experiment. The good performances of the shift bump magnet and power supply have been confirmed.

TUPD031	Crystals Application in the TOTEM Experiment to Increase the Acceptance of a Roman Pot	optics, scattering, simulation, closed-orbit	1491
	E. Laface, W. Scandale CERN, Geneva S. Hasan Univ. Insubria and INFN Milano, Como C. Santoni Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand
	Bent crystal may enhance the physics reach of a near-beam physics detector in the CERN-LHC, by increasing the acceptance of scattered protons in low transverse momentum reactions. As an example we present simulations demonstrating the increase of the Roman Pot acceptance in the TOTME apparatus. Starting from the MadX v6.5 nominal optic, a crystal is placed at different longitudinal and transversal positions: for each scheme a gaussian beam of protons with different kinematic variables is created and tracked along the optical line with crystal. The number of protons with transversal coordinates greater than 10σ+0.5mm, that is inside the Roman Pot, is compared with the total number of protons. The possible gain in acceptance is around 15-20%.

TUPD033	Fabrication of Crystals for Channelling of Particles in Accelerators	collider, hadron, collimation, background	1497
	A. Mazzolari, S. Baricordi, V. Guidi, G. Martinelli, D. Vincenzi UNIFE, Ferrara
	Channelling in bent crystals is used for beam extraction, focusing, collimation in accelerators machines, studies related to emission of coherent electromagnetic radiation and other topics. Distinctive features of performance increase is the availability of new techniques to manufacture the crystals within which channeling takes place. We propose a method to fabricate crystals through micromachining techniques, i.e., photolithography and anisotropic chemical etching. Patterning of a Si wafer with silicon nitride allows selective erosion of uncovered areas along specific atomic planes, resulting in a technique to dice Si wafers to the needed dimensions solely through chemical methods. Thus, it results in no damage to the crystal quality due to the dicing process. As was demonstrated by electron microscopy investigation, the crystal exhibits ultra flat lateral surfaces and simultaneously no amorphous layer at the entry face of the crystal with respect to the beam. The crystals were positively tested at the external line H8 of the SPS with 400 GeV protons for investigation on axial channeling and on single and multiple volume reflection experiments by the H8-RD22 collaboration.

TUPP014	Control System for a 150 MeV FFAG Complex in KURRI	controls, power-supply, radiation, booster	1556
	M. Tanigaki, N. Abe, K. Mishima, Y. Mori, Y. Oki, A. Osanai, S. Shiroya, K. Takami, K. Takamiya, T. Takeshita, A. Taniguchi, H. Yashima, H. Yoshino KURRI, Osaka M. Ikeda, Y. Kijima Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe
	A simple, convenient control system has been developed for a 150 MeV proton FFAG accelerator complex at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University(KURRI). This control system is based on conventional PCs and programmable logic controllers (PLC) and these are connected over TCP/IP network. Each PLC is responsible for autonomous control of connected devices such as motors or power supplies, and also responsible for maintaining a parameter database periodic(~100 ms typically) read/written by remote PCs over TCP/IP network. Man-machine interfaces and integrated sequences are developed using LabView environment on these PCs. This control system has been successfully served for the actual operation of the FFAG complex, including the radiation protection control. Further developments, such as portable devices serving man-machine interfaces on site and the integration of SQL server for logging all possible parameters of this accelerator complex, are on the way.

TUPP043	Computational Beam Dynamics Studies of Collective Instabilities Observed in SNS	simulation, electron, impedance, kicker	1640
	J. A. Holmes, S. M. Cousineau, V. V. Danilov, A. P. Shishlo ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee L. K. Jain UW/Physics, Waterloo, Ontario
	During the commissioning and early operation of the Spallation Neutron Source, some physcics shifts were set aside for high intensity stability studies. Under certain, especially contrived conditions, a number of beam instabilities were induced. These included both electron cloud and ring impedance driven phenomena. In this paper we apply both simple analytic models and the ORBIT Code to the description and simulation of these observed instabilities.

TUPP049	Experimental Electron Cloud Studies in the CERN Proton Synchrotron	electron, pick-up, vacuum, extraction	1655
	E. Mahner, F. Caspers, T. Kroyer CERN, Geneva
	Indications for a beam-induced electron cloud build-up are observed since 2000 for the nominal LHC beam in the PS to SPS transfer line and during the last turns before ejection from the PS. A new electron cloud setup was designed, built, and installed in the PS. It contains shielded button-type pickups, a dipole magnet, a vacuum gauge, and a dedicated stripline electrode to experimentally verify the beneficial effect of electron cloud clearing electrodes. During the 2007 run, the electron cloud effect was also clearly observed in the PS and efficient electron cloud suppression has been obtained for negative and positive bias voltages on the clearing electrode. Here, we present electron cloud measurements with different filling patterns and bunch spacings in the PS.

TUPP050	Electron Cloud Mitigation by Fast Bunch Compression in the CERN PS	extraction, electron, synchrotron, pick-up	1658
	H. Damerau, S. Hancock, T. Kroyer, E. Mahner, M. Schokker CERN, Geneva
	A fast transverse instability has been observed with nominal LHC beams in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) in 2006. The instability develops within less than 1 ms, starting when the bunch length decreases below a threshold of 11.5 ns during the RF procedure to shorten the bunches immediately prior to extraction. An alternative longitudinal beam manipulation, double bunch rotation, has been proposed to compress the bunches from 14 ns to the 4 ns required at extraction within 0.9 ms, saving some 4.5 ms with respect to the present compression scheme. The resultant bunch length is found to be equivalent for both schemes. In addition, electron cloud and vacuum measurements confirm that the development of an electron cloud and the onset of an associated fast pressure rise are delayed with the new compression scheme. Beam dynamics simulations and measurements of the double bunch rotation are presented as well as evidence for its beneficial effect from the electron cloud standpoint.

TUPP065	Experimental Study of the Electron Cloud Instability in the CERN-SPS	emittance, electron, injection, simulation	1688
	G. Rumolo, G. Arduini, E. Benedetto, E. Métral, G. Papotti, E. N. Shaposhnikova CERN, Geneva R. Calaga BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York B. Salvant EPFL, Lausanne
	The electron cloud instability limits the performance of many existing proton and positron rings. A simulation study carried out with the HEADTAIL code revealed that the threshold for its onset decreases with increasing beam energy, if the 6D emittance of the bunch is kept constant and the longitudinal matching to the bucket is preserved. Experiments have been carried out at the CERN-SPS to study the dependence of the vertical electron cloud instability on the energy and on the beam size. The reduction of the physical transverse emittance as a function of energy is considered in fact to be the main reason for the unusual dependence of this instability on energy.

TUPP088	Software Components for Electron Cloud Simulation	electron, simulation, space-charge, background	1735
	D. R. Dechow, P. Stoltz Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado J. F. Amundson, P. Spentzouris Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois B. Norris ANL, Argonne, Illinois
	The Synergia2 beam dynamics code is an attempt to incorporate state-of-the-art space charge models from the Impact code into the Chef accelerator tracking code. The need to add new accelerator physics capabilities to the Synergia2 framework has led to software development efforts based on the Common Component Architecture (CCA). The CCA is a specification and a toolset for developing HPC from interchangeable parts, called components. Electron cloud is a potentially limiting effect in the performance of both high-intensity electron and proton machines. The modeling of electron cloud effects is important for the Fermilab main injector. Here, electron cloud effects are expected to play a significant role when the main injector operates in the regime of a high-intensity proton source for the neutrino program. In the ideal case, computational accelerator physicists would like to be able model electron cloud generation and dynamics in a single, self-consistent simulation. As a first step towards creating component-based, electron cloud generation simulations, this work describes a CCA component created from TxPhysics, a library of impact and field ionization routines.

TUPP090	A Kinetic Model of Multipaction for SRF Cavities for Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System (ADSS)	electron, simulation, electromagnetic-fields, superconductivity	1741
	S. Ghatak, N. Gupta IITK, Kanpur A. S. Dhavale, K. C. Mittal BARC, Mumbai
	This work simulates multipaction in a 700 MHz elliptical SRF cavity. The cavity design was optimized using SUPERFISH. Then the electromagnetic field was re-computed with FEMLAB, a package using the finite element method, to obtain a more accurate field-mapping, and to make the field values available for computation of multipaction. In the multipacting subroutine, electrons were assumed to be released into the system from various points with different initial parameters. The electrons trajectories were tracked until they hit the cavity surface. Leap-frog scheme was used to solve the Lorentz force equation for primary electrons, as it is easy to use and is accurate up to second order. The position, velocity, phase and kinetic energy of primary electrons at each time step were calculated and stored. An interpolation function was used to calculate secondary emission yield (SEY) at different impact energies. With the emission of secondary electrons, their trajectories too were tracked along with primary electrons, in order to identify parameters responsible for multipaction. By repeating this process for large number of electrons, the multipacting trajectories were identified.

TUPP110	Rotative Systems for Dose Distribution in Hadrontherapy (Gantries)	dipole, ion, cryogenics, superconducting-magnet	1779
	M. J. Bajard UCBL, Villeurbanne F. A. Kircher CEA, Grenoble
	Tumour treatments with high velocity ion beams or protons are characterised by a great depth precision (Bragg pic) and a low divergence for dose delivery in very small volumes. In order to spare normal tissues before and around the tumour it is necessary to have the choice of the beam incidence because the patient cannot be moved. Different devices have been built mainly exocentric and isocentric. Many others are being studied. Cryogenic solutions are analysed to reduce the total mass in rotation. For example it would be very interesting to choose a superconductive solution for the last 90° dipole.

TUPP111	Magnetic Design Improvement and Construction of the Large 90o Bending Magnet of the Vertical Beam Delivery Line of CNAO	superconductivity, ion, heavy-ion, controls	1782
	W. Beeckman, S. Antoine, F. Forest, J. L. Lancelot, M. J. Leray, T. Planche Sigmaphi, Vannes P. Fabbricatore INFN Genova, Genova C. Priano, M. Pullia CNAO Foundation, Milan
	The CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) is the medical center dedicated to the cancer therapy, under construction in Italy. Protons with energy ranging from 60 to 250 MeV and carbon ions with energy 120 to 400 MeV/u will be delivered to patients in three different treatment rooms, of which one is served with both horizontal and vertical beams. The vertical line requires a 70 tons 90^o bending magnet providing 1.81 T in a good field region of x = ± 100 by y = ± 100 mm² with an integrated field quality (ΔBL/BL) at all field levels ≤ ± 2×10^-4. Starting from the experience matured when constructing the large bending magnet for HICAT gantry, we have developed a design able to meet these more stringent requirements in both 2D and 3D and special attention was paid to the study of manufacturing tolerances

TUPP115	Variable Energy Protontherapy FFAG Accelerator	extraction, injection, septum, kicker	1791
	J. Fourrier, J. Pasternak LPSC, Grenoble M. Conjat, J. Mandrillon, P. Mandrillon AIMA, Nice F. Meot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	A hadrontherapy accelerator assembly based on an FFAG ring and a variable energy H^- cyclotron injector has been designed in the frame of the RACCAM project. The FFAG ring allows 2.1 Tm top rigidity, corresponding to 180 MeV proton top energy and 21.6 cm penetration depth and to 50 MeV per nucleon for carbon ions suitable for biological R&D). Variable energy extraction, bunch to pixel 3D scanning and multiport beam delivery are proposed in this installation. A prototype of a spiral sector scaling type of FFAG dipole is being built for proving the feasibility of the FFAG ring, subject to a second contribution in the conference. This paper will describe the accelerator assembly parameters and the beam properties.

TUPP120	Current Status of the IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy	cyclotron, extraction, simulation, ion	1806
	Y. Jongen, M. Abs, A. Blondin, W. J.G. M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G. A. Karamysheva, N. Yu. Kazarinov, S. A. Kostromin, N. A. Morozov, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has been designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be used for radiotherapy with proton, helium or carbon ions. ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy 250MeV/u and extracted by stripping. We describe the parameters of the cyclotron, the current status of development work on the cyclotron systems. Reports on the status of the C400 project have been given regularly. Therefore, we will focus on the progress which has been achieved since recent reports in Cyclotron 2007 and EPAC 2006 conferences. The project will be ready to begin construction in the nearest future.

TUPP126	Advanced Concepts for Particle-therapy Accelerators	ion, injection, linac, rfq	1821
	Th. Strodl ATI, Wien J. Murin, M. Pavlovic, R. Seemann STU, Bratislava
	Presently in Europe the first generation of particle-therapy accelerators is on the way from construction into operation. Each layout typically consists of two ion sources, a single injection line, a main synchrotron and beam transfer lines to several treatment rooms, one of them equipped with or foreseen for an ion gantry. The paper presents some possible enhancements for the next facility generation still based on existing layouts and design studies. The focus lies on an improved injection line and gantry concepts. A simplified injection line using a different configuration of ion sources and low-energy beam-transport line is described. It is based on combination of particle species with identical charge-to-mass ratio. Optimized gantry constructions are shown with mechanical designs driven by ion-optical demands, especially by the accuracy of the beam position at the isocentre. The enhancements presented in the paper may influence upgrades of existing centres or may be implemented in the design of newly developed next generation of particle- therapy accelerators.

TUPP127	Spill Structure Measurements at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre	synchrotron, ion, controls, beam-losses	1824
	A. Peters, R. Cee, T. Haberer, T. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg T. Hoffmann, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert GSI, Darmstadt
	A specially designed accelerator facility for tumour irradiation located at the Heidelberg University Hospital was built up, the commissioning is still ongoing. Technically the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) fully relies on the three dimensional intensity-controlled rasterscan technique developed at GSI. This method demands for smoothly extracted ion beams (from protons to oxygen) from the HIT synchrotron. For this purpose a RF knock-out system consisting of a RF-exciter in combination with an electrostatic septum, two septum magnets and two sextupoles is used. To characterize the extracted beams scintillators for low intensities and ionization chambers for higher currents are installed in the high energy transport lines. Using a PXI-based DAQ system full spills are recorded with a time bin of 100 μs. Typical raw data will be shown as well as derived statistics like Fourier spectra and maximum-to-average ratios that proof the beam quality for its applicability to produce outstanding dose distributions via beam scanning. In addition, safety aspects like the performance of the spill interrupt procedure will be demonstrated with measured data.

TUPP129	Accelerator Development for Advanced Particle Beam Therapy	synchrotron, extraction, acceleration, linac	1827
	K. Saito, K. Moriyama, H. Nihongi, H. Nishiuchi, H. Sakurabata, S. Totake, M. Umezawa Hitachi, Ltd., Power & Industrial Systems R&D Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken
	Particle beam therapy has become one of the most effective modalities of cancer treatment. High reliability, high throughput and high precision irradiation are strongly demanded for the therapy system. In order to meet the requirements, we have developed several key technologies of synchrotron-based accelerator system, such as multi-harmonic RF acceleration, extracted beam intensity feedback, respiration-synchronized operation and beam tuning for spot scanning irradiation. Almost all these technologies have already been applied to the proton beam therapy system at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Beam specifications required for the spot scanning irradiation have successfully been achieved. In this paper, present status of the accelerator development will be described.

TUPP132	Design, Construction and Low Power RF Tests of the First Module of the ACLIP Linac	linac, cyclotron, booster, coupling	1836
	V. G. Vaccaro Naples University Federico II, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty, Napoli C. De Martinis Universita' degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Segrate D. Giove INFN/LASA, Segrate (MI) M. R. Masullo INFN-Napoli, Napoli S. J. Mathot CERN, Geneva A. C. Rainò, V. Variale INFN-Bari, Bari R. J. Rush e2v, Chelmsford, Essex
	ACLIP is a 3 GHz proton SCL linac designed as a booster for a 30 MeV commercial cyclotron. The final energy is 62 MeV well suitable for the therapy of ocular tumours or for further acceleration (up to 230 MeV) by a second linac in order to treat deep seated tumours. The possibility of using magnetrons as the source of RF power, to reduce the overall cost of the machine, is under investigation within a collaboration with the company e2v (Chelmsford, UK). ACLIP is a 5 modules structure coupled together. The first one (able to accelerate proton from 30 to 35 MeV) has been machined and completely the brazed. We plan to have the high power test by early fall 2008. In this paper we will review the main features of the linac and discuss the results of the RF measurements carried out on this prototype.

TUPP133	Assembly of the Carbon Beam Gantry at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator	ion, quadrupole, alignment, survey	1839
	U. Weinrich, R. Fuchs GSI, Darmstadt E. Sust MT Mechatronics, Main
	The HIT facility comprises the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. This gantry is especially unique in offering fully flexible beam transport to the patient up to a magnetic rigidity of 6.6 Tm, equivalent to an energy of C-ions of 430 MeV/u. It includes a full 3D-beam scanning system and full medical treatment environment. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree so that the beam may be aimed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning of the gantry with beam was started in January 2008, when the first beams were transported into the treatment room. The design and assembly of this gantry with a rotating mass on the order of 600 tons was a real challenge to the project partners involved, in particular the supplier MT Mechatronics. Given the tight tolerances for the position of the beam line components the survey and alignment procedure was difficult, since also the elastic deformation for the different rotation angles had to be taken into account. This presentation will report on the experiences and results of the assembly and alignment phases. Furthermore, the final performance reached for precision and reproducibility of the beam line components will be presented.

TUPP134	Commissioning of the Carbon Beam Gantry at the Heidelberg Ion Therapy (HIT) Accelerator	ion, beam-transport, synchrotron, quadrupole	1842
	U. Weinrich, C. M. Kleffner GSI, Darmstadt
	The HIT facility comprises the only carbon ion gantry worldwide. This gantry is especially unique in offering fully flexible beam transport to the patient for carbon ions up to an energy of 430 MeV/u. It includes a full 3D-beam scanning system and full medical treatment environment. The gantry can be rotated by 360 degree so that the beam may be directed at the patient from arbitrary directions. Commissioning with beam of the gantry was successfully started in January 2008 when the first proton and carbons beams were transported into the gantry treatment room. Based on theoretical calculations for rotation independent settings of the beam optics, the beam commissioning aims for an efficient practical way to realize the full variety of required beam properties (2 ion types, 10 intensities, 255 energy steps, and four beam sizes) in the isocenter independent of the gantry angle. The presentation will report on the concept and progress of the beam commissioning process.

TUPP147	Accelerator Driven Systems for Energy Production and Waste Transmutation	target, simulation, lattice, acceleration	1854
	C. Bungau, S. C. Tygier Manchester University, Manchester R. J. Barlow UMAN, Manchester R. Cywinski University of Leeds, Leeds
	Due to their inherent safety features and waste transmutation potential, accelerator driven subcritical reactors (ADSRs) are the subject of research and development in almost all countries around the world. The neutrons needed to sustain fission are generated by the spallation process resulting from high energy protons impacting a target element installed at the centre of the core. In the present paper the possible benefits of FFAGs as accelerator drivers for ADSR systems are analysed. FFAGs afford fast acceleration as there is no need of synchronization between RF and magnets, high average current with large repetition rate and large acceptance. The present study also focuses on the Monte Carlo studies of the reactor core design. The impact of the subcriticallity, target material and proton beam energy on the ADSR performance was also examined. Entirely novel ADSR configurations involving multiple accelerator drivers and associated spallation targets within the reactor core have also been considered. Calculations were carried out using the GEANT4 simulation code.

TUPP154	Proton Energy Measurement Using Stacked Silicon Detectors	cyclotron, vacuum, radiation, target	1866
	K. R. Kim KAERI, Daejon H. J. Kim, J. H. So Kyungpook National University, Daegu
	Proton energy was measured using stacked Si(Li) detectors at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences). The proton energies from the cyclotron were 35 MeV and 45 MeV. Generally, using a single semiconductor detecor it is not available to measure the proton energy above 30 MeV because the maximum thickness of the semiconductor detector was limited to 5mm. We have used a detector consisting of three 2 mm thick Si(Li) detectors and a 5 mm thick one. The active areas of these detectors are 75mm2. In this paper, we report the energy measurement results using the stacked detectors.

WEOAG02	Measurements of Heavy Ion Beam Losses from Collimation	ion, simulation, collimation, beam-losses	1906
	R. Bruce, R. W. Assmann, G. Bellodi, C. Bracco, H.-H. Braun, S. S. Gilardoni, E. B. Holzer, J. M. Jowett, S. Redaelli, Th. Weiler, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva
	The collimation efficiency for Pb⁸²⁺ ion beams in the LHC is predicted to be much lower than for protons. Nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation in the primary collimators create fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios, which are not intercepted by the secondary collimators but lost where the dispersion has grown sufficiently large. In this article we present measurements of loss patterns caused by a prototype LHC collimator in the CERN SPS. The loss maps show a qualitative difference between Pb⁸²⁺ ions and protons, with the maximum loss rate observed at different places in the ring. This behaviour was predicted by simulations and provides a valuable benchmark of the simulations done for the LHC.
	Slides

WEIM04	Highly Customized Industrialized Linacs for Applications in Scientific Research	linac, electron, vacuum, RF-structure	1967
	C. Piel ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	Industrial capabilities and experience in linac design and manufacturing shall be given for the various types of scientific applications. Furthermore the process from linac contracting through establishing a project team and adequate human and machine ressources for fulfilling the technical, schedule and pricing requirements shall be described.
	Slides

WEPC053	An Experimental Study of Radiation-induced Demagnetization of Insertion Device Permanent Magnets	radiation, electron, insertion, insertion-device	2112
	N. Simos, P. K. Job BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York N. V. Mokhov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	High brilliance in the 3GeV new light source NSLS II is obtained from the high magnetic fields in insertion devices (ID). The beam lifetime is limited to 3h by single Coulomb scattering in the Bunch (Touschek effect). This effect occurs everywhere around the circumference and there is unavoidable beam loss in the adjacent low-aperture insertion devices. This raises the issue of degradation and damage of the permanent magnetic material by irradiation with high energy electrons and corresponding shower particles. It is expected that IDs, especially those in-vacuum, would experience changes resulting from exposure to gamma rays, x-rays, electrons and neutrons. By expanding an on-going material radiation damage study at BNL the demagnetization effect of irradiation consisting primarily of neutrons, gamma rays and electrons on a set of NdFeB magnets is studied. Integrated doses of several Mrad to a few Grad were achieved at the BNL Isotope Facility with a 112-MeV, 90-uA proton beam. Detailed information on dose distributions and particle energy spectra on the NdFeB magnets was obtained with the MARS15 Monte-Carlo code. This paper summarizes the results of this study. Work performed under the auspices of the US DOE.

WEPC138	Transient Electromagnetic Analysis and Thermal Design on the Magnet of 3-GeV Synchrotron	magnet-design, synchrotron, quadrupole, linac	2332
	M. Abe, S. Tounos Hitachi, Ltd., Power & Industrial Systems R&D Laboratory, Ibaraki-ken T. Adachi KEK, Ibaraki Y. Chida Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki-ken K. Nakamura, T. Watanabe Hitachi. Ltd., Hitachi Works, Hitachi-shi T. Takayanagi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken N. Tani JAEA/LINAC, Ibaraki-ken
	J-PARC 3GeV synchrotron is operated at 25Hz alternatively, which can generate eddy currents and heat. They can disturb continuous operations. We prepared a design technique to analyze them and manage the temperature rises of the magnets. Eddy current and hysteresis heat generations were calculated with 3D models then temperature rises were evaluated with natural convection cooling from surfaces. The technique was applied on the dipole, quadrupole and bump magnets. Slits on intense eddy current position can decrease the heat generation, however deep slits can disturb magnetic field distribution. Their depth and positions were optimized for the temperature rise reduction. So far, the synchrotron operation is fair with reasonable temperature rises.

WEPC157	A Hybrid Quadrupole Design for the RAL Front End Test Stand (FETS)	quadrupole, simulation, permanent-magnet, beam-losses	2377
	D. C. Plostinar, M. A. Clarke-Gayther STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon P. Davis STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon S. J.S. Jago STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The Front End Test Stand project being constructed at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) aims to deliver a high current (60 mA) H^- chopped ion beam, at 3 MeV and 50 pps. The main components of FETS are the H^- ion source, the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and the Medium Energy Transport (MEBT) line with beam chopper. Space restrictions in the MEBT line place constraints on component length and drive the requirement to identify compact component configurations. A description is given of a novel compact hybrid quadrupole magnet, whose design is based on the concentric combination of a permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) and a laminar conductor electromagnetic quadrupole (EMQ). Simulations of magnetic field distribution in 2 and 3D are presented, and possible applications and further developments are discussed.

WEPC163	Modification of a Spare Septum Magnet for SNS Ring Injection Dump Beam Line	septum, simulation, vacuum, injection	2389
	J. G. Wang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The SNS ring injection dump septum magnet has been suffering the heaviest beam losses since the ring commissioning. These beam losses are caused by a number of design and operation problems such as incorrect location of one chicane dipole, incorrect chicane dipole setting, and inadequate aperture of the injection dump septum. We have modified a spare septum by increasing its vertical and horizontal aperture and by adding specially designed z-bumps for one of the waste beams. This paper reports the detailed modification results, including 3D particle trajectory calculations and experimental measurements.

WEPD030	Feasibility Study of Combined Function Magnets for a NS-FFAG for Medical Applications	dipole, quadrupole, lattice, ion	2476
	H. Witte, J. H. Cobb OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford
	Non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (NS-FFAG) accelerators combine a number of advantages, such as rapid particle acceleration and large acceptance. These features make NS-FFAGs particularly interesting for medical applications. NS-FFAGs could be used for cancer therapy, which may lead to significant size and cost reductions in comparison to other accelerator types. Cancer therapy with protons or carbon ions is advantageous in comparison to conventional radiation treatment amongst other things due to the higher biological effectiveness. This paper discusses the basic magnet design issues for the PAMELA project. PAMELA is a prototype proton/carbon-ion therapy facility.

WEPP002	The Effect of Head-on Beam-beam Compensation on the Stochastic Boundaries and Particle Diffusion in RHIC	emittance, simulation, electron, resonance	2521
	N. P. Abreu, W. Fischer, Y. Luo, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	To compensate the effects from the head-on beam-beam interactions in the polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), an electron lens (e-lens) is proposed to collide head-on with the proton beam. We used an extended version of SixTrack for multiparticle beam-beam simulation in order to study the effect of the e-lens on the stochastic boundary and also on diffusion. The stochastic boundary was analyzed using Lypunov exponents and the diffusion was characterized as the average rms spread of the action after 10⁴ turns. For both studies the simulations were performed with and without the e-lens and with full and partial compensation.

WEPP018	Operational Experience with a Near-integer Working Point at RHIC	background, closed-orbit, heavy-ion, dynamic-aperture	2563
	C. Montag, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, W. Fischer, Y. Luo, N. Malitsky, T. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	During the RHIC polarized proton run in FY 2006 it became evident that the luminosity performance is limited by the beam-beam effect. With a working point between 2/3 and 7/10, and the necessity to mirror the tunes of the two RHIC rings at the diagonal, the beam with a horizontal tune closest to 2/3 showed poor lifetime. To overcome this limitation, a near-integer working point has been proposed. Tracking studies performed at both working points showed a larger dynamic aperture near the integer tune than above 2/3. In Run-8, this new working point was commissioned in one ring of RHIC, while the other ring was operated at the same working point as in Run-6. In this paper we report the commissioning process and operational experience with this new working point.

WEPP019	RHIC Polarized Proton Performance in Run-8	luminosity, polarization, emittance, collider	2566
	C. Montag, N. P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D. S. Barton, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. J. Gardner, J. W. Glenn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. F. Ingrassia, A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R. C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, A. U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. J. Michnoff, J. Morris, B. Oerter, H. Okada, F. C. Pilat, P. H. Pile, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. E. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	During Run-8, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provided collisions of spin-polarized proton beams at two interaction regions. Helical spin rotators at these two interaction regions were used to control the spin orientation of both beams at the collision points. Physics data were taken with different orientations of the beam polarization. We present recent developments and improvements as well as the luminosity and polarization performance achieved during Run-8.

WEPP034	Study of Beam-beam effect at various collision scheme in LHC	luminosity, simulation, emittance, resonance	2593
	K. Ohmi KEK, Ibaraki
	LHC is designed as two major collision points with finite crossing angle of 140μrad (half). The Piwinski angle is 0.4 for the design. Upgrade plans have been studied to increase the luminosity 10 times. Large Piwinski angle scheme is one of the option for the upgrade. The one turn map with the two beam-beam interactions can be expanded by Taylor series. Analyzing the one turn map gives information of resonance behavior of the beam-beam interactions. We discuss the one turn map for the design LHC and upgrade scheme.

WEPP052	A Storage Ring Based Option for the LHeC	lepton, hadron, optics, electron	2638
	F. J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York F. Bordry, H.-H. Braun, O. S. Brüning, H. Burkhardt, J. M. Jowett, T. P.R. Linnecar, K. H. Mess, S. Myers, J. A. Osborne, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva S. Chattopadhyay Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire J. B. Dainton, M. Klein Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool B. J. Holzer DESY, Hamburg
	The LHeC aims at the generation of Hadron-Lepton collisions with center of mass energies in the TeV scale and luminosities of the order of 10³³ cm^-2 sec^-1 by taking advantage of the existing LHC 7 TeV proton ring and adding a high energy electron accelerator. This paper presents technical considerations and potential parameter choices for such a machine and outlines some of the challenges arising when an electron storage ring based option, constructed within the existing infrastructure of the LHC, is chosen.

WEPP053	Beam Transport in Toroidal Magnetic field	injection, beam-transport, simulation, ion	2641
	N. S. Joshi, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	The concept of a storage ring with toroidal magnetic field was presented in the two previous EPAC conferences. Here we report the first results of experiments performed with beam transport in toroidal magnetic fields and details of the injection system. The beam transport experiments were carried out with 30 degree toroidal segments with an axial magnetic field of 0.6T. The space charge force and dynamics of a proton beam near the brillouin flow limit are presented here. The multiturn injection system relies on a specified injection coil together with an electric kicker system. The scaling law for the complete storage ring is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages for such a stellarator type storage ring on the 5T level will be reviewed.

WEPP060	Abort Gap Cleaning Using the Transverse Feedback System: Simulation and Measurements in the SPS for the LHC Beam Dump System	simulation, octupole, kicker, feedback	2656
	A. Koschik, B. Goddard, W. Höfle, G. Kotzian, D. K. Kramer, T. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	The critical and delicate process of dumping the beams of the LHC requires very low particle densities within the 3 microseconds of the dump kicker rising edge. High beam population in this so-called 'abort gap' might cause magnet quenches or even damage. Constant refilling due to diffusion processes is expected which will be counter-acted by an active abort gap cleaning system employing the transverse feedback kickers. In order to assess the feasibility and performance of such an abort gap cleaning system, simulations and measurements with beam in the SPS have been performed. Here we report on the results of these studies.

WEPP065	Beam Commissioning of the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line TI 2	extraction, radiation, optics, controls	2668
	J. A. Uythoven, G. Arduini, R. W. Assmann, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, V. Kain, A. Koschik, T. Kramer, M. Lamont, V. Mertens, S. Redaelli, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva
	The transfer line for the LHC Ring 1 was successfully commissioned with beam in the autumn of 2007. After extraction from the SPS accelerator and about 2.7 km of new transfer line, the beam arrived at the temporarily installed beam dump, about 50 m before the start of the LHC tunnel, without the need of any beam threading. This paper gives an overview of the hardware commissioning period and the actual beam tests carried out. It summarises the results of the beam test optics measurements and the performance of the installed hardware.

WEPP069	Tracking Tools to Estimate the Quench Time Constants for Magnet Failures in LHC	simulation, insertion, superconducting-magnet, beam-losses	2677
	A. Gomez Alonso CERN, Geneva
	At LHC, beam losses, with about 360MJ of stored energy per beam at nominal collision operation, are potentially dangerous for the accelerator equipment and can also affect the operational efficiency by inducing quenches in superconducting magnets. Magnet failures may affect the beam leading to proton losses primarily in collimators and secondary in superconducting magnets due to scattering of protons from collimator jaws. The evolution of the beam during magnet failures has been simulated using MAD-X with a variable magnetic field. The impacts of particles in the collimators have been recorded as a function of time. A second program, CollTrack, has been used to determine the loss patterns of scattered particles from each collimator as a function of the initial impact parameter. The magnets that are likely to quench are identified and an estimation of the time between the beginning of a failure and a quench is obtained by combining the results from the simulations. The time to a start of a quench is a relevant parameter to determine the dump threshold of beam loss monitors in order to optimize protection redundancy and operation smoothness for LHC.

WEPP070	High Efficiency Collimation with Bent Crystals	collimation, scattering, alignment, simulation	2680
	S. Hasan Univ. Insubria and INFN Milano, Como
	A revolutionary collimation approach is being developed by the H8RD22 collaboration. The basic idea is to replace the amorphous jaws, which spread the beam halo in the whole solid angle, with bent crystals, which are able to deviate the halo particles in a given direction outside the beam core. Studies to investigate the bent crystal properties have been carried out over the past 3 years at the H8 beam line (CERN SPS) with a 400 GeV/c proton beam. The crucial result of these studies is the observation of the Volume Reflection effect, the coherent scattering of the beam on the crystalline plane which provides a small but very efficient (respectively, 14 μrad and 98% at 400 GeV/c) particle deflection. The high efficiency (which should increase at higher energy) combined with a large angular acceptance (~100 μrad) led to the development of multi-reflection systems to increase the deflection angle. Nowadays this system has reached the stage to be tested in a circular accelerator as a primary collimator to verify the effective collimation efficiency in a complex environment. The second phase of the LHC collimation could be the first application of this crystal based system.

WEPP072	Evaluation of Beam Losses and Energy Deposition for A Possible Phase II Design for LHC Collimation	simulation, beam-losses, collimation, kicker	2686
	L. Lari, R. W. Assmann, C. Bracco, M. Brugger, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, M. Mauri, S. Redaelli, L. Sarchiapone, V. Vlachoudis, Th. Weiler CERN, Geneva J. E. Doyle, L. Keller, S. A. Lundgren, T. W. Markiewicz, J. C. Smith SLAC, Menlo Park, California L. Lari EPFL, Lausanne
	The LHC beams are designed to have high stability and to be stored for many hours. The nominal beam intensity lifetime is expected to be of the order of 20h. The Phase II collimation system has to be able to handle particle losses in stable physics conditions at 7 TeV in order to avoid beam aborts and to allow correction of parameters and restoration to nominal conditions. Monte Carlo simulations are needed in order to evaluate the behavior of metallic high-Z collimators during operation scenarios using a realistic distribution of losses, which is a mix of the three limiting halo cases. Moreover, the consequences in the IR7 insertion of the worst (case) abnormal beam loss are evaluated. The case refers to a spontaneous trigger of the horizontal extraction kicker at top energy, when Phase II collimators are used. These studies are an important input for engineering design of the collimation Phase II system and for the evaluation of their effect on adjacent components. The goal is to build collimators that can survive the expected conditions during LHC stable physics runs, in order to avoid quenches of the SC magnets and to protect other LHC equipments.

WEPP073	Simulation Studies of Impact of SPS Beam with Collimator Materials	target, simulation, single-bunch, synchrotron	2689
	N. A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt R. W. Assmann, M. Brugger, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva V. E. Fortov, I. Lomonosov, A. Shutov IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region D. Hoffmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt R. Piriz Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real
	Over the past years detailed simulations were carried out to study the impact of the full LHC 7 TeV beam on a target to assess the damage caused to the equipment as a result of an accident, especially to collimators and beam absorbers, and to estimate the thickness of a sacrificial absorber that would be required to stop the beam. This study has shown that the target material will be strongly heated by the beam and transformed into plasma. It has been estimated that the beam would tunnel up to 30 m in solid copper and to about 10 m in solid carbon. Another interesting outcome of this study was that the LHC beam could be used as a tool to study High-Energy-Density (HED) states in matter. Using the same tools, we recently studied the impact of the SPS 450 GeV proton beam on tungsten and copper targets. It has been found that the material will be seriously damaged and some tunneling of the beam into the target is expected. It should be possible to validate the predictions with a test facility to deflect the high energy high intensity SPS beam on collimator and absorber materials that will become operational in the next years. N. A. Tahir et al. J. Appl. Phys. 97 (2005) 083532. *N. A. Tahir et al. Laser Part. Beams 25 (2007) 639.

WEPP079	Beam Dynamics Layout and Loss Studies for the FAIR P-Injector	quadrupole, emittance, linac, beam-losses	2701
	G. Clemente, L. Groening GSI, Darmstadt S. Minaev ITEP, Moscow U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	The development of coupled CH-DTL cavities represents a major achievement in the development of the 325 MHz, 70 MeV FAIR P-Injector. This coupled-cavity solution has important consequencies on the beam dynamics design which has to be adapted to this new kind of resonator. In combination with the KONUS beam dynamics, this solution allows to achieve all the requirements of the FAIR project in terms of beam intensity and quality reducing at the same time the number of focusing elements along the machine. A layout based on 6 CH coupled modules is presented and compared with a solution composed of three coupled modules up to 35 MeV followed by three long single resonators up to the energy of 70 MeV. A redesigned 35 MeV intertank section became necessary to avoid beam losses and emittance growth. Finally, the effect of random mistakes such as quadrupole misalignments and phase as well as voltage setting errors have been investigated to determine the tolerances of mechanical construction and rf controls during operation.

WEPP080	Baseline Design of the ESS Bilbao Linac	ion, linac, ion-source, target	2704
	R. Enparantza, L. Uriarte Fundación TEKNIKER, Eibar (Gipuzkoa) F. J. Bermejo Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao J. Lucas Elytt Energy, Madrid
	The baseline design for the ESS-B accelerator adheres to suggestions made by ESS-I, and seeks to enter a design phase for a machine based upon a 150 mA +H proton beam. Such intensity was to be delivered, as stated in the 2003 Technical Report by a tandem of two proton ion sources of some 85 mA each funnelled after the two beams are accelerated up to about 20 MeV. Current activities developed during the last few years within the CARE and EUROTRANS efforts have resulted in significant advances in both ion source and low-energy acceleration technologies which will surely have a relevant impact on the proposed accelerator design. More into specifics, our current activities are being directed towards the exploration of: The use of a single proton source capable to deliver proton currents of 150 mA or above. Proton sources such as SILHI at CEA have already produced currents of 130 mA at low duty factors. The use of superconducting cavities (spokes, quarter-wave etc.) for medium energy (40 - 100 MeV) acceleration (IFMIF and SPIRAL2). The behaviour of beams extracted from present day proton ECR sources at medium and high energies.

WEPP119	The International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory	target, acceleration, factory, linac	2773
	C. R. Prior STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon J. S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka
	The International Design Study (IDS) is the successor to the International Scoping Study (ISS), which identified a baseline scenario for a Neutrino Factory. IDS was launched in August 2007, with the aim of developing the baseline to the point where a full, technical design report can be written. The accelerator complex starts with a 4 MW proton driver operating at 50 Hz producing three to five, 1-2 ns bunches per pulse. The proton beam impacts on a liquid mercury jet target; pions are generated and are captured in a solenoid channel; they decay to muons which are phase rotated and formed into trains of interleaved bunches alternating in sign. The muon bunches then undergo ionisation cooling so as to be accepted by a linac, two dogbone recirculating linacs and finally an FFAG for acceleration to 25GeV. The muons are transferred to purpose-built storage rings, with long production straights, where they decay to neutrinos which are directed to detectors at distances of about 3000 km and 7500 km. IDS will be developing this baseline design, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and progressing the whole towards a self-consistent scenario for the final technical design report stage.

WEPP122	Commissioning Status of the MICE Muon Beamline	target, dipole, quadrupole, emittance	2782
	K. Tilley STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	It is planned to install a Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the ISIS facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This experiment will be the first demonstration of ionisation cooling as a means to reduce the large transverse emittances expected in the early stages of a Neutrino Factory. A new muon beamline has been installed on ISIS, in order to supply muons of characteristic energy and emittance to the experiment. This paper gives an overview of the goals and design of the beamline, the detectors used to characterise the beam, and the techniques and results which have been obtained during its first operating periods in 2008. K. Tilley on behalf of the MICE Collaboration.

WEPP154	Linac-LHC ep Collider Options	linac, electron, luminosity, emittance	2847
	F. Zimmermann, F. Bordry, H.-H. Braun, O. S. Brüning, H. Burkhardt, R. Garoby, T. P.R. Linnecar, K. H. Mess, J. A. Osborne, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, J. Tuckmantel, A. de Roeck CERN, Geneva H. Aksakal N. U, Nigde S. Chattopadhyay Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire A. K. Ciftci Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara J. B. Dainton Liverpool University, Science Faculty, Liverpool A. Eide EPFL, Lausanne B. J. Holzer DESY, Hamburg M. Klein University of Liverpool, Liverpool S. Sultansoy TOBB ETU, Ankara A. Vivoli LAL, Orsay F. J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York
	We describe various parameter scenarios for a ring-linac ep collider based on LHC and an independent s.c. electron linac. Luminosities of order 10³²/cm²/s can be achieved with a standard ILC-like linac, operated either in pulsed or cw mode, with acceptable beam power. Reaching much higher luminosities, up to 10³⁴/cm²/s and beyond, would require the use of two linacs and the implementation of energy recovery. Advantages and challenges of a ring-linac ep collider vis-a-vis an alternative ring-ring collider are discussed.

WEPP169	The MERIT High-power Target Experiment at the CERN PS	target, injection, diagnostics, factory	2886
	H. G. Kirk, H. Park, T. Tsang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon O. Caretta, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon A. J. Carroll, V. B. Graves, P. T. Spampinato ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, J. Lettry, M. Palm, H. Pereira CERN, Geneva K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey N. V. Mokhov, S. I. Striganov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The MERIT experiment was designed as a proof-of-principle test of a target system based on a free mercury jet inside a 15-T solenoid that is capable of sustaining proton beam powers of up to 4MW. The experiment was run at CERN in the fall of 2007. We describe the results of the tests and their implications.

WEPP170	A 15-T Pulsed Solenoid for a High-power Target Experiment	target, factory, collider, power-supply	2889
	H. G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York J. R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon I. Efthymiopoulos, A. Fabich, F. Haug, H. Pereira CERN, Geneva K. T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey P. H. Titus MIT/PSFC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
	The MERIT experiment, which ran at CERN in 2007, is a proof-of-principle test for a target system that converts a 4-MW proton beam into a high-intensity muon beam for either a neutrino factory complex or a muon collider. The target system is based on a free mercury jet that intercepts an intense proton beam inside a 15-T solenoidal magnetic field. Here, we describe the design and performance of the 15-T, liquid-nitrogen-precooled, copper solenoid magnet.

THXG02	J-PARC Progress and Challenges of Proton Synchrotrons	linac, injection, beam-losses, acceleration	2897
	M. Kinsho JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	After briefly outlining the status of the J-PARC linac, the talk should concentrate on describing the outcome of the 3 GeV J-PARC synchrotron commissioning programme, and also include discussion of the challenges of successfully running high power proton synchrotrons.
	Slides

THXG03	Upgrades to ISIS for the New Second Target Station	target, synchrotron, extraction, septum	2902
	J. W.G. Thomason STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The new ISIS Second Target Station (TS-2) represents a major enhancement of the capabilities of the successful ISIS spallation neutron source, and correspondingly major enhancements have had to be made to the accelerator systems. As well as providing an outline of the new target station itself, the talk will describe the new dual harmonic RF system for the ISIS synchrotron which significantly increases the accelerated beam current to meet the needs of TS-2, and also the new proton beam transport line which diverts one out of every five pulses from the synchrotron to TS-2. In addition, the talk will summarise the substantial upgrades that have had to be made elsewhere on the ISIS accelerator system to underpin operation for at least another fifteen years, and will address possible future upgrades.
	Slides

THYM01	Simulation of Beam-beam Effects and Tevatron Experience	antiproton, beam-beam-effects, emittance, simulation	2937
	A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	Simulations of beam-beam effects in the Tevatron correctly describe reality, have predictive power and have been used to support a change in the Tevatron working point to near the half integer. The simulation models and tools are discussed, and comparisons made with observations and measurements.
	Slides

THPPGM02	EPS-AG 2008 Frank Sacherer Prize Presentation: First Steps Toward Laser Stripping Implementation	laser, ion, polarization, linac	2955
	V. V. Danilov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Thin carbon foils are used as strippers for charge exchange injection into high intensity proton rings. However, the stripping foils become radioactive and produce uncontrolled beam loss, which is one of the main factors limiting beam power in high intensity proton rings. Recently, the first laser-assisted high efficiency conversion of H^- beam into protons was successfully demonstrated for a short laser pulse at Spallation Neutron Source project in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The next step will be to build stripping device to make 1-10 μsec pulses stripping. The associated problems and possible solutions for projects with large ranges of H^- beam energies are described.
	Slides

THPPGM03	EPS-AG 2008 Gersh Budker Prize Presentation: The Successful Construction and Commissioning of the Spallation Neutron Source	target, linac, site, beam-transport	2960
	N. R. Holtkamp ITER, St Paul lez Durance N. R. Holtkamp ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	The Spallation Neutron Source collaboration between six Department of Energy laboratories was a unique arrangement in its mission to build a large science facility, with equally distributed responsibility for design, construction, project management and budget. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with no previous experience in large accelerator construction, was selected as the project site, the team was recruited worldwide, and the management team was exchanged several times during the construction period. The constraints of such a collaboration, a new team having to work together on a complex project, facing demanding scientific and technical challenges, is a cocktail that can easily lead to failure, but also to success, as proven. Was it luck or good management that decided the fate of the project? Can the weakness of such a situation simultaneously become its strength? In hindsight, it is interesting to reflect on how it was done and what became of some of the key players. Certainly this experience in many ways provided the author with a key to face a much larger challenge, namely the management of an international science project shared between seven Countries, called ITER. A project that takes the concepts tried at SNS to another extreme. Comparisons will be provided and some of the unique features will be discussed.
	Slides

THPC016	Beam Optics of the PEFP Modified Beam Lines	quadrupole, optics, dipole, linac	3011
	J.-H. Jang, Y.-S. Cho, B. Chung, H.-J. Kwon KAERI, Daejon
	The 100 MeV Linac of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is designed to supply 20 MeV and 100 MeV proton beams to user groups. In order to extract 20 MeV proton beams, a 45 degrees bending magnet is installed after 20 MeV DTL tank. The extracted proton beams are separated into five target rooms via a AC bending magnets. For 100 MeV beams, we use the same distribution schemes. Recently, the layout of the beam lines are modified to be short and compact. The work summaries the beam optics calculation of the modified beam lines.

THPC047	Studies of Losses During Continuous Transfer Extraction at the CERN proton Synchrotron	extraction, simulation, septum, quadrupole	3083
	S. S. Gilardoni, J. Barranco CERN, Geneva
	Proton beams can be extracted from the CERN-PS at 14 GeV/c on five turns, using a technique called Continuous Transfer (CT). In this case, large losses due to particles scattered by an electrostatic septum used to slice the beam on five turns are observed in straight sections where the machine aperture is large enough to accommodate the circulating beam without any loss. These losses limit the maximum intensity deliverable to the SPS, like for the CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS) neutrino program, because of the large irradiation of the site outside the PS tunnel and at the CERN fence. New simulation tools for a parametric study have been developed to improve the understanding of the observed loss pattern. A proposed solution to displace the losses in less critical section of the machine has been simulated and implemented in the CERN-PS. Simulations and experimental results of the loss study and reduction are presented.

THPC048	Study of Beam Losses at Transition Crossing at the CERN PS	quadrupole, optics, beam-losses, dipole	3086
	S. S. Gilardoni, S. Aumon, M. Martini CERN, Geneva
	A series of studies has been carried out to understand and alleviate the beam losses in the CERN PS proton Synchrotron. In particular, losses appear at transition crossing during the pulsing of special quadrupoles used to create a gamma jump scheme and which causes a large optics and orbit distortion. After a brief summary of the gamma jump scheme at the PS, experimental and simulation results about the loss studies and reduction are presented.

THPC049	Progress in the Beam Preparation for the Multi-turn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron	extraction, octupole, sextupole, resonance	3089
	S. S. Gilardoni, F. Franchi, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva
	A new type of extraction based on beam trapping inside stable islands in the horizontal phase space will become operational during 2008 at the CERN Proton Synchrotron. A series of beam experiments was carried out to prove loss-less capture with high intensity and multi-bunched beams, up to 1500·10¹⁰ protons per pulse, in preparation of the extraction commissioning. These fundamental steps for the new Multi-turn Extraction are presented and discussed in details.

THPC050	Experimental Evidence of Beam Trapping with One-third and One-fifth Resonance Crossing	resonance, octupole, sextupole, synchrotron	3092
	S. S. Gilardoni, F. Franchi, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva
	Beam trapping in stable islands of the horizontal phase space generated by non-linear magnetic fields is realized by means of a given tune variation so to cross a resonance of order n. Whenever the resonance is stable, n+1 beamlets are created whereas if the resonance is unstable, the beam is split in n parts. Experiments at the CERN Proton Synchrotron showed protons trapped in stable islands while crossing the one-third and one-fifth resonance with the creation of 3 and 6 stable beamlets, respectively. The results are presented and discussed in details.

THPC051	Adiabaticity and Reversibility Studies for Beam Splitting Using Stable Resonances	resonance, synchrotron, coupling, emittance	3095
	S. S. Gilardoni, F. Franchi, M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva
	At the CERN Proton Synchrotron, a series of beam experiments proved beam splitting by crossing the one-fourth resonance. Depending on the speed at which the horizontal resonance is crossed, the splitting process is more or less adiabatic, and a different fraction of the initial beam is trapped in the islands. Experiments prove that when the trapping process is reversed and the islands merged together, the final distribution features thick tails. The beam population in such tails is correlated to the speed of the resonance crossing and to the fraction of the beam trapped in the stable islands. Experiments, simulations, and possible theoretical explanations are discussed.

THPC062	Multi-Particle Weak-Strong Simulations of RHIC Head-on Beam-Beam Compensation	emittance, simulation, electron, dynamic-aperture	3125
	Y. Luo, N. P. Abreu, W. Fischer, G. Robert-Demolaize BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	An electron beam has been proposed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to compensate beam-beam effects in polarized proton collisions. This electron beam will collide head-on with the proton beam. Using the weak-strong beam-beam interaction model, we have carried out six-dimensional multiparticle simulations to investigate the effects of head-on beam-beam compensation. Beam lifetime, transverse emittances, and luminosity are calculated for cases with and without beam-beam compensation for up to 10 million turns. The migrations of particles between different actions and the beam spectrum are also calculated.

THPC074	Observation of Coherent Oscillations of Colliding Bunches at the Tevatron	antiproton, collider, beam-beam-effects, pick-up	3158
	A. Valishev, V. Kamerdzhiev, V. A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois F. A. Emanov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Commissioning of the new digital tune monitor (DTM) at the Tevatron made it possible to observe vertical dipole oscillations of individual bunches at any time during an HEP store. Since all the bunches have significantly different collision conditions, this device provides vast possibilities for investigation of coherent beam-beam effects. We present theoretical model and experimental observations of coherent beam-beam modes. Analysis of the DTM data and its agreement with theory are discussed.

THPC089	Electron-cloud Intrabunch Density Modulation	electron, dipole, simulation, resonance	3197
	G. Franchetti GSI, Darmstadt F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva
	During the passage of a proton bunch through an electron cloud a complicated electron density modulation arises, with characteristic ring and stripe patterns of high density regions that move radially outward along the bunch. We present simulation results as well as a simple analytical model to reveal the morphology and main features of this phenomenon as well as its dependence on key parameters like bunch length, beam size, and bunch charge.

THPC147	Generation of 1.5 Million Beam Loss Threshold Values	simulation, beam-losses, insertion, collimation	3333
	E. B. Holzer, B. Dehning, L. Ponce, M. Sapinski, M. Stockner CERN, Geneva D. K. Kramer TUL, Liberec P. Priebe Poznan University of Technology, Poznan
	CERN's Large Hadron Collider will store an unprecedented amount of energy in its circulating beams. Beam-loss monitoring (BLM) is, therefore, critical for machine protection. It must protect against the consequences (equipment damage, quenches of superconducting magnets) of excessive beam loss. 4000 monitors will be installed at critical loss locations. Each monitor has 384 beam abort thresholds associated; for 12 integrated loss durations (40 us to 83 s) and 32 energies (450 GeV to 7 TeV). Depending on monitor location, the thresholds vary by orders of magnitude. For simplification, the monitors are grouped in 'families'. Monitors of one family have the same thresholds at start-up; they protect similar magnets against equivalent loss scenarios. The start-up calibration of the BLM system is required to be within a factor of five in accuracy; and the final accuracy should be a factor of two. Simulations (backed-up by control measurements) determine the relation between the BLM signal, the deposited energy and the critical energy deposition for damage or quench (temperature of the coil). The paper presents the details and systematic of determining 1.5 million threshold values.

THPC149	Beam Scraping to Detect and Remove Halo in LHC Injection	simulation, injection, beam-losses, controls	3339
	P. A. Letnes, S. Bart Pedersen, A. Brielmann, H. Burkhardt, D. K. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	Fast scrapers are installed in the SPS to detect and remove beam halo before extraction of beams to the LHC, to minimize the probability for quenching of super-conducting magnets in the LHC. We shortly describe the current system and then focus on our recent work, which aims at providing a system which can be used as operational tool for standard LHC injection. A new control application was written and tested with the beam. We describe the current status and results and compare these with detailed simulations.

THPC150	The Use of Software in Safety Critical Interlock Systems of the LHC	monitoring, superconducting-magnet, diagnostics	3342
	A. Castaneda, F. B. Bernard, P. Dahlen, I. Romera, B. Todd, D. Willeman, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva
	This paper will provide an overview of the software development and management techniques applied to interlock systems in the CERN accelerator complex. Despite the in essence hardware based approach, software and configuration data is present in various forms and has to be treated with special care when aiming at safe, reliable and available protection systems. Several techniques and methods deployed in the LHC machine protection systems are highlighted, regarding data management and version tracking, hardware choices, commissioning procedures, testing methods and first operational experiences with the systems in CERN's accelerator complex.

THPP008	Hamiltonian Approach to the Dynamics of Particles in Non-scaling FFAG Accelerators	acceleration, lattice, betatron, focusing	3392
	B. D. Muratori, S. L. Smith, S. I. Tzenov STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
	Starting from first principle the Hamiltonian formalism for the description of the dynamics of particles in non-scaling FFAG machines has been developed. The stationary reference (closed) orbit has been found within the Hamiltonian framework. The dependence of the path length on the energy deviation has been described in terms of higher order dispersion functions. The latter have been used subsequently to specify the longitudinal part of the Hamiltonian. It has been shown that higher order phase slip coefficients should be taken into account to adequately describe the acceleration in non-scaling FFAG accelerators.

THPP011	Beam Acceleration Studies of Proton NS-FFAG	resonance, acceleration, lattice, emittance	3398
	T. Yokoi, J. H. Cobb OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon K. J. Peach, S. L. Sheehy JAI, Oxford
	The NS-FFAG is a novel idea of a fixed field accelerator which has advantages in flexible design and machine operation for fixed field accelerator. However, due to the large tune variation with energy, fast acceleration is a key issue to circumvent the resonance problem in a linear NS-FFAG. At the moment, there is no numerical study of how fast it needs be. In this paper, using a lattice of a NS-FFAG for particle therapy, results of tracking study including acceleration rate, positioning tolerance are presented.

THPP012	Beam Injection Issues of FFAG for Particle Therapy	controls, injection, target, synchrotron	3401
	T. Yokoi, J. H. Cobb, G. Morgan OXFORDphysics, Oxford, Oxon M. J. Easton, J. K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London K. J. Peach JAI, Oxford
	Spot scanning irradiation is a next generation treatment scheme of particle therapy. The pulsed beam of FFAG accelerator is well fitted to the treatment. In order to form a uniform dose distribution in the target volume, intensity modulation is a requirement in spot scanning and it requires special consideration in injection in order to realize short time treatment using the pulsed beam of the FFAG. In this paper, injection related issues of NS-FFAG are discussed from the point of particle therapy, especially for spot scanning.

THPP025	Fabrication Status of the PEFP DTL II	alignment, linac, laser, vacuum	3425
	H. S. Kim, Y.-S. Cho, J.-H. Jang, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park KAERI, Daejon
	The DTL II as a main part of the PEFP proton linac is under development. Following the DTL I which accelerates the proton beam up to 20 MeV, DTL II increases the proton energy from 20 MeV to 100 MeV. The DTL II consists of 7 tanks and each tank is composed of 3 sections whose length is about 2.2 m. The tank is made of seamless carbon steel and inside surface is electroplated with copper. Each drift tube contains an electroquadrupole magnet which is made of hollow conductor and iron yoke with epoxy molding. The status of development and test results of the fabricated parts are reported in this paper.

THPP028	Beam Tests of the PEFP 20 MeV Accelerator	rfq, ion-source, ion, dipole	3434
	H.-J. Kwon, Y.-S. Cho, I.-S. Hong, J.-H. Jang, D. I. Kim, H. S. Kim, B.-S. Park, K. T. Seol, Y.-G. Song, S. P. Yun KAERI, Daejon
	PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) 20 MeV proton accelerator has been installed and tested at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) site. After the radiation license was issued, some parts were modified to increase a beam current above 1mA. Both an ion source and a LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) were modified for better matching of the beam into the 3 MeV RFQ. The field profile of the RFQ was measured to check the dipole field effect. In addition, control mechanisms to improve the RF properties of 20 MeV DTL were newly adopted. In this paper, the modifications of the 20MeV accelerator are summarized and the test results are presented.

THPP038	Phase 1 Commissioning Status of the 40 MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator SARAF	rfq, emittance, ion, ion-source	3452
	C. Piel, K. Dunkel, F. Kremer, M. Pekeler, P. vom Stein ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach D. Berkovits, I. Mardor Soreq NRC, Yavne
	Since January 2007 all accelerator equipment of the Phase 1 for the 40MeV Proton/Deuteron Accelerator is at the SARAF site and installed for the commissioning. The target of Phase 1 is to get the ECR ion source and RFQ into operation and to perform all relevant test with the cryo module housing 6 super conducting half wave resonators, to show that the design values of the system can be reached. Based on those results the Phase 2 shall start, to reach the final energy of 40MeV with up to 2mA of Protons and Deuterons. The ECR source is in routine operation since June 2006, the RFQ already have been operated with Protons and currently is under characterisation. After the characterisation has been finalised it is anticipated to move the cryo module in the beam line and to perform further beam characterisation. The entire beam characterisation is closely followed by beam dynamics simulations. Recent results of the commissioning will be presented and comparisons made between measurements and beam dynamics calculations.

THPP041	Beam Dynamics Simulation of the 1.5 MeV/u Proton/Deuteron Beams Measured at the SARAF RFQ Exit	rfq, simulation, ion, linac	3458
	J. Rodnizki, B. Bazak, D. Berkovits, G. Feinberg, A. Shor, Y. Yanay Soreq NRC, Yavne K. Dunkel, C. Piel ACCEL, Bergisch Gladbach
	The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) accelerator's front-end is composed of a 20 keV/u protons and deuterons ECR ion source, a 5 mA low energy beam transport and a 1.5 MeV/u, 4 mA, 176 MHz, 4-rod RFQ. In this work, beam dynamics simulations of the SARAF accelerator front-end is compared to the first beam measurements taken during commissioning. Beam transmission, ion energy and bunch width as a function of the RFQ power have been measured in the medium energy beam transport diagnostics and using a dedicated diagnostic plate. The simulations and measurements show similar trends. This agreement allows calibrating the RFQ power to its electrodes voltage, in the low electric field range, where the common x-ray measurement method is not feasible. The benchmark between simulation and measurement shows that the RFQ model in our simulation can well predict the measured values. The simulation is covering the beam tail as well and is used to find the optimal operating voltage by minimizing the low energy tail and hence the beam loss downstream the accelerator.

THPP053	One-dimensional Ordering of Protons by the Electron Cooling	ion, electron, heavy-ion, emittance	3485
	T. Shirai, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	One of the main subjects of the compact cooler ring, S-LSR at Kyoto University is the physics of the ultra cold ion beam, such as the ordered beam and the crystalline beam, using the electron and laser cooling. The one-dimensional ordering of protons has been studied at S-LSR, while the ordering the highly charged heavy ions has been found at ESR and CRYRING. Abrupt jumps in the momentum spread and the Schottky noise power have been observed for protons at a particle number of around 2000. The beam temperature was 0.17 meV and 1 meV in the longitudinal and transverse directions at the transition, respectively. The normalized transition temperature of protons is close to those of heavy ions at ESR. The lowest longitudinal beam temperature below the transition was 0.3 K. It is close to the longitudinal electron temperature. The dependence of the ordering conditions on the betatron tune and the transverse beam temperature have been also studied. These results will be presented in the presentation.

THPP056	Simulations of Incoherent Vertical Ion Losses and Cooling Stacking Injection	ion, emittance, injection, electron	3494
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The cooling stacking injection at a synchrotron is applied to obtain a high intensity of the stored coasting ion beam. The efficiency of cooling-stacking injection is defined mainly by two parameters: the cooling-accumulation efficiency and the ion life time. The life time of new injected ions usually is essentially smaller than the stack life time for high intensive ion beams. The incoherent loses of new injected ions are related to a multi scattering on residual gas atoms and a vertical heating caused by ion stack noise. The short life time of new injected ions restricts the efficiency of the cooling stacking injection The life time of new injected C⁶⁺ ions is shorter by 2 times than stack life time at HIMAC cooling stacking injection. The life time of new injected protons in S-LSR is smaller by 2-3 orders of magnitudes than the stack life time. The analytical estimations and BETACOL simulations of vertical incoherent ion losses and cooling stacking injection are presented.

THPP058	Progress with Electron Beam System for the Tevatron Electron Lenses	electron, gun, cathode, simulation	3500
	V. Kamerdzhiev, G. F. Kuznetsov, G. W. Saewert, V. D. Shiltsev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	We have developed , built and tested two novel electron guns for the Tevatron and RHIC electron lenses: the first, a gridded gun which generates electron beam profile with smoothed edges and broad flat-top; the second, Gaussian beam profile gun which can be used for generation of the profile with depressed emission in the center. We have also developed a new type of HV modulator for use in TELs. In this articel, we desicribe the guns and the modulator, and present results of the bench tests.

THPP067	An Intense Neutron Source with Emittance Recovery Internal Target (ERIT) Using Ionization Cooling	target, emittance, accumulation, storage-ring	3512
	Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka M. Muto FFAG DDS Research Organization, Tokyo K. Okabe University of Fukui, Faculty of Engineering, Fului
	An intense neutron source with emittance recovery internal target (ERIT) using ionization cooler ring has been developed at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The neutron source consists of a 11MeV H^- linac and a FFAG storage ring. A thin (10micron) Be target is placed in the ring. In order to reduce an emittance growth caused by multiple scattering at the target, an ionization cooling with a low frequency and high voltage RF cavity is utilized. The beam is expected to be survived for more than 500 turns in the ring, which can increase beam efficiency largely to reduce an injected beam current.

THPP068	Acceleration in spiral FFAG using field map data	acceleration, extraction, injection, resonance	3515
	J. Pasternak, J. Fourrier LPSC, Grenoble F. Meot CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
	This paper presents beam dynamics studies regarding the variable energy operation of a spiral scaling FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) accelerator designed for producing 70 to 180 MeV protons and acceleration simulations for different operation modes, corresponding to different extraction energies.

THPP070	Status of Center for Accelerator and Beam Applied Science of Kyushu University	kicker, extraction, cyclotron, septum	3521
	Y. Yonemura, H. Arima, N. Ikeda, K. Ishibashi, H. Ishikawa, K. Maehata, T. Okai, N. Shigyo, Y. Uozumi, G. Wakabayashi Kyushu University, Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Fukuoka S. Fukumoto, Y. Kimura, H. Nakayama, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki Y. Mori KURRI, Osaka T. Noro, K. Sagara Kyushu University, Fukuoka T. Tomimasu SAGA, Tosu
	A new accelerator facility of Center for Accelerator and Beam Applied Science is under construction on Ito Campus to promote research and education activities at Kyushu University. The facility consists mainly of a 10 MeV proton cyclotron as an injector and a 150 MeV Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerator, which was developed at KEK as a prototype of proton FFAG for various applications. In this paper, the status of the development of devices and the facility is described.

THPP072	Extinction Monitor by Using a Dissociation of Hydrogen Molecule to Atoms with High Energy Proton Beam	ion, electron, ion-source, monitoring	3527
	I. Itahashi, M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Kuno, A. Sato, M. Y. Yoshida Osaka University, Osaka
	In a recent high current accelerator technology there are so many reasons for resulting in unwanted or hallow beam to be coped with, such as resonance crossing, space charge induced emittance growth and so on. For an extinction for bunched beam of less than 10^-7 order we need a particular scheme to diminish unwanted and hallow beam generated at not only spatial plane but also at longitudinal plane. In particular, the beam extinction between beam bunch is crucial for delayed coincidence measurements of intensity frontier and high sensitivity experiment such as muon to electron conversion and muon to electron gamma. The new detection method for the extinction is proposed by using a collision dissociation between a high energy proton with more than GeV energy and molecular ions. One path collision of high energy beam for molecular ion beam to be separated into atoms as well as its collision between stored molecular ions and high energy particles could be exploited for the monitor.

THPP082	Residual Activity Induced by High-energy Heavy Ions in Stainless Steel and Copper	ion, target, beam-losses, simulation	3551
	I. Strasik, I. Hofmann, E. Kozlova, E. Mustafin GSI, Darmstadt L. N. Latysheva, N. Sobolevskiy RAS/INR, Moscow M. Pavlovic STU, Bratislava A. Smolyakov ITEP, Moscow
	The activation of accelerator structures due to beam loss is already intensity limiting problem for existing (SNS or RHIC) and planned (LHC or FAIR) hadron facilities. While beam-losses of 1 W/m are recognized as a tolerable beam-loss level for proton machines, the beam-loss tolerances for high-power heavy-ion accelerators have not yet been quantified. In this work the residual activity was calculated by Monte-Carlo particle transport codes and compared with experimental data. Simulations were performed for projectiles from proton to uranium. Experiments were performed with uranium ions at 120, 500 and 950 MeV/u irradiating copper and stainless steel targets. It was found that the isotope inventory contributing over 90% to the total activity does not depend on the projectile species, it depends only on the target material and projectile energy. This allowed establishing a scaling law for induced activity as a function of ion mass. The activity per nucleon induced by ion scales down with increasing ion mass. For example, 1 GeV/u uranium ion induces 5-times less activity per nucleon compared to 1 GeV proton. The beam-loss criteria for different projectile species are presented.

THPP084	Discussion on RCS versus AR on the Basis of J-PARC Beam Commissioning for Pulsed Spallation Neutron Source	injection, beam-losses, linac, space-charge	3557
	Y. Yamazaki KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken M. Kinsho JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	Over a decade it is one of the most controversial issues regarding the accelerator scheme choice whether RCS or AR should be chosen for the pulsed spallation neutron source. In order to simplify the discussion, we compare 3-GeV RCS with 1-GeV AR. The former is J-PARC scheme while the latter is SNS scheme. To summarize the discussion, RCS technology is much more difficult than AR technology, although RCS has many advantages over AR arising from its low beam current for the same beam power. Now, the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS was actually commissioned. On the basis of its experience, the discussion will be resumed.

THPP087	4 GeV H^- Charge Exchange Injection into the PS2	injection, septum, emittance, kicker	3566
	B. Goddard, W. Bartmann, M. Benedikt, A. Koschik, T. Kramer CERN, Geneva
	The proposed PS2 will accelerate protons from 4 to 50 GeV. The required beam intensity and brightness can only be achieved with a multi-turn H^- charge exchange injection system, where the small emittance injected beam is used to paint the transverse phase space of the PS2 machine. This paper describes the constraints and conceptual design of the H^- injection system and its incorporation into the present PS2 lattice. The requirements for the special injection system elements are described, in particular the injection chicane and painting magnet systems and the charge exchange foil. Some key performance aspects are investigated, including the stripping efficiency, expected emittance growth and beam loss arising from the simulated number of multiple foil traversals, together with estimates of foil heating.

THPP090	Beam Injection and Extraction of SCENT300, A Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy	cyclotron, extraction, emittance, injection	3575
	D. Campo, L. Calabretta, M. M. Maggiore, L. A.C. Piazza INFN/LNS, Catania
	SCENT300 is a superconducting cyclotron able to deliver proton and carbon beam at 260 and 300 AMeV respectively. The simulations of the beam injection through the central region, the beam extraction through the electrostatic deflector for Carbon beam and by stripper foil for the proton beam are here presented.

THPP091	One Nano-second Bunch Compressor for High Intense Proton Beam	dipole, linac, kicker, target	3578
	L. P. Chau, M. Droba, N. S. Joshi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	About ten bunches of 2MeV proton rf-linac with an average current of 150mA at 175 MHz will be deflected by kicker on different paths into a magnetic bending system. Passing this optimized geometry they approach each other longitudinaly (βλ = 0.114m) and arrive at the same time at the focus of the dipole system. For longitudinal focussing of the merged bunches a rebuncher cavity is included in the bending system. The motivation and the layout of the whole project, "Frankfurter Neutronen Quelle am Stern-Gerlach Zentrum" (FRANZ), were presented in details in previous conferences,. More accurate investigation results in a revision of the preliminary concept. For a theoretical proof of principle one trajectory with the biggest path length of a new geometry is calculated by a multi particle beam dynamics program (LORASR). Preliminary investigations showed, that magnetic fringing fields and bunch-bunch interactions have to be included as detailed as posible in the beam simulations. In this paper the beam dynamics results from LORASR-simulations, the new geometry and the code development for the bunch compressor are discussed in details. L. P. Chau et al. Proc. of the Eur. Part. Acc. Conf., Edinburgh (2006), 1690-1692. **O. Meusel et al. Proc. of the Lin. Acc. Conf., Knoxville (2006), MOPO51, 159-161.

THPP093	Conceptual Design of the PEFP Beam Line	target, vacuum, linac, shielding	3581
	I.-S. Hong, Y.-S. Cho, B. H. Choi, B. Chung, J.-H. Jang, H. S. Kim, K. R. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, B.-S. Park, S. P. Yun KAERI, Daejon
	In the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP), 20MeV and 100MeV proton beams from a 100MeV proton liner accelerator will be supplied to users for proton beam applications. Switch magnets will share the beam to three directions, two fixed beam lines and one AC magnet. The two fixed beam lines will be used for isotope production and power semiconductor production. An AC magnet will distribute the beams to three targets simultaneously. To provide flexibilities of irradiation conditions for users from many application fields, we designed beam lines to the targets with wide or focused, external or in-vacuum, and horizontal or vertical beams. As far as possible we designed the simple beam lines to reduce the construction cost. The details of the beam line conceptual design will be reported.

THPP094	The Development of a Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers	rfq, linac, factory, ion	3584
	M. A. Clarke-Gayther STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) project at RAL will test a fast beam chopper, designed to address the requirements of high-power proton drivers for next generation pulsed spallation sources and neutrino factories. The RAL ‘Fast-Slow’ chopping scheme for the 2.5 MeV, 280 MHz, ESS Medium Energy Drift Space (MEBT)* is evolving to address the requirements of the 3.0 MeV, 324 MHz, FETS project. The recent adoption of a more efficient optical design for the FETS MEBT** will result in a useful increase in beam aperture and permit an important reduction in the amplitude of the chopper E-fields. A description is given of a 'state of the art' high voltage pulse generator designed to address the FETS 'Slow' chopper requirement. Measurements of output waveform and timing stability are presented. M. Clarke-Gayther, "A Fast Beam Chopper for Next Generation High Power Proton Drivers," EPAC04. *M. Clarke-Gayther et al. "A fast beam chopper for the RAL Front-End Test Stand," EPAC06.

THPP097	Commissioning Results of the Kicker Magnet in J-PARC RCS	kicker, extraction, power-supply, impedance	3590
	J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Kuramochi, T. Takayanagi, T. Togashi, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
	Installation of the kickers in the extraction section of the RCS in J-PARC facility was completed. And they succeeded to extract the 3GeV proton beams in the first beam test. The operation parameters of the kickers agreed well with the parameters which were estimated from the magnetic field measurement and the current test of the power supplys. In this report, we summarized the results of the excitation test and the commissioning of the kicker magnet. The results of the magnetic field measurement showed the good uniformity in the wide range of the aperture. The characteristic feature of each kicker power supply was also measured precisely. Although the rise time and jitter of the output pulse have some minor variation due to the different characteristics of the thyratrons, the degree of variation was acceptably small. Combining the results of the magnetic field measurements, the relation between the charging voltage and the magnetic field was obtained for each kicker. The accelerated beam was successfully extracted at the operation parameters which were obtained from the relationship. The measurements result which was obtained by using the beam is also reported.

THPP106	Neutrino Beam Line at J-PARC	target, focusing, beam-losses, controls	3614
	M. Shibata KEK, Tsukuba
	A neutrino beam line for the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment T2K is under construction at J-PARC in Tokai. Construction is proceeding on schedule and commissioning of the beam line will start in April of 2009. Proton beams are injected from the main ring, then bent about 80 degrees using superconducting magnets directing the beam toward the Super-Kamiokande detector. Muon neutrinos are produced from pions produced at the target. Precise beam tuning is quite important in our beam line since the beam intensity is expected to be 750 kW and failure of the tuning system may cause damage to the beam line components. For this purpose, we install four types of beam monitors in the primary beam line: CT for beam intensity, ESM for beam position, SSEM for beam profile and a loss monitor. Specifications and current status of these monitors will be reported. We report also on ground motion in the facility. Since the floor level of the neutrino beam line was observed to sink after initial construction, a level meter was installed to observe the motion continuously as it could be a serious problem for beam line alignment.

THPP111	A 250 kHz Chopper for Low Energy High Intensity Proton Beams	kicker, simulation, rfq, septum	3623
	C. Wiesner, L. P. Chau, M. Droba, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main
	A neutron pulse with 1 ns pulse length and a repetition rate of 250 kHz is needed for the experiments on nuclear astrophysics using the Frankfurter Neutron source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum. The time structure of the neutron flux is given by the primary proton beam witch hits a 7Li target. The creation of the required time structure on an intense proton beam of 200 mA dc with respect to emittance growth and beam losses is demanding. The pulsing of the ion source depends on the rise time of the plasma whereas the pulsing of the extraction voltage leads into high power deposition into the multi aperture extraction system. On the other hand a chopper system downstream of the RFQ results in rf power consumption due to beam loading and the problem of beam dumping at a beam power of several kW. Therefore it is planed to install a chopper as part of a resonant circuit in the LEBT – section consisting of four solenoids. Two different methods, magnetic and electric deflection, will be discussed with respect to emittance growth, beam losses and the influence on space charge compensation processes. Numerical simulations and preliminary results of experiments will be presented and compared.

THPP112	Leakage Field of Septum Magnets of 3 GeV RCS at J-PARC	septum, extraction, vacuum, injection	3626
	M. Yoshimoto, H. Hotchi, J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, M. Kuramochi, P. K. Saha, T. Takayanagi, T. Togashi, T. Ueno, M. Watanabe JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken H. Harada Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima
	Septum magnets are installed in RCS (Rapid cycling Synchrotron) at J-PARC for the beam injection and extraction. In order to realize MW beam in the RCS ring and reduce the beam loss during the beam injection and extraction, the septum magnets have large physical aperture and are operated in DC. Thus there are high magnetic fields in the gaps during the acceleration, but the leakage fields are nevertheless suppressed down to a few Gauss to suppress the closed orbit distortion. In order to reduce the magnetic leakage field from the septa at beam orbit in the RCS ring, the silicon steel sheets are set for magnetic shield. In addition a few ring vacuum chambers are made by the magnetic stainless steel. Up to now, the development and field measurement of the septum magnets has been finished, and the beam commissioning of the RCS are carried out. In this presentation, the field measurements of the septum magnets are summarized and the influences of the leakage field upon the beam orbit are reported.

THPP115	The Proposed ISAC-III Upgrade at TRIUMF	target, rfq, ion, electron	3635
	R. E. Laxdal, F. Ames, R. A. Baartman, P. G. Bricault, S. R. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, M. Trinczek, F. Yan TRIUMF, Vancouver
	Presently, the ISAC facility produces radioactive ions by a single driver beam of up to 100microA of 500MeV protons (50kW) impinging on either of two production targets which are configured such that only one radioactive ion beam (RIB) is available for use at any one time; and the experimental hours are shared between several facilities in the low energy and two accelerated beam experimental areas. The ISAC-III upgrade is proposed to increase the number of RIBs simultaneously available to three. The upgrade involves the addition of a high power electron linac, 50MeV/10mA, that would irradiate one of two new independent targets and produce RIBs through photo-fission. A second beamline from the existing cyclotron would deliver an additional 500MeV 200microA proton beam to the new target area to irradiate the second target producing the third simultaneous beam. The proposal includes an additional post-accelerator front-end to augment the existing infrastructure to provide the capability of accelerating two of the RIBs simultaneously. The paper summarizes the upgrade and discusses design choices to optimize nuclide availability across the three experimental areas.

THPP128	Failure Mechanisms of Power Systems in Particle Accelerator Environments and Strategies for Prevention	radiation, power-supply, shielding, simulation	3661
	S. Sandler, C. Hymowitz AEI, Los Angeles
	This paper discusses the mechanisms that cause degradation and failure in DC-DC converters destined for high radiation and magnetic field environments, particularly those encountered in accelerators. Failure mechanisms discussed include transformer saturation, loss of PWM control, and power supply turn-off. Degradation mechanisms that produce circuit performance outages include circuit parameter drift in Mosfets due to temperature and Vgsth reduction. Environmentally induced drift of current limit, voltage references, and switching performance are also presented. The author’s background in worst case analysis of Space based power supplies gives them particular insight into the radiation impact, assessment, and mitigation of such phenomenon. A variety of techniques for identifying and reducing the probability of these failures are presented. Methods include analysis based strategies, modified switching timing and control, improved gate drive circuitry, proper component selection, and appropriate shielding. Results are provided for a 3kW supply developed for the LHC at CERN using COTS in an 45kRAD TID, 7.7·10¹² neutron fluence, and 300 Gauss magnetic field environment.

THPP136	The Replacement of the Isis White-circuit Choke	coupling, synchrotron, factory, power-supply	3679
	S. West, M. G. Glover, J. W. Gray STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon K. Papp, K. Pointner TA, Leonding L. A.E. Van Lieshout Imtech Vonk, Coevorden
	ISIS, located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is the world’s leading pulsed neutron source. It produces intense bursts of neutrons every 20mS when 800MeV protons are fired into a heavy metal target by an accelerating synchrotron. The ISIS synchrotron is based on a resonant “White Circuit”* allowing superimposed DC and AC currents to circulate in the ring of dipole and quadrupole magnets. The magnets themselves resonate with tuned capacitor banks at 50Hz and a large ten-winding choke allows both a path for the DC component of the current and a means to inject the AC power which maintains the 50Hz AC oscillation. This choke, which dates from the 1960’s, was a veteran of the “NINA” synchrotron in Daresbury before it began service at ISIS. Should it fail it could take at years to repair and a scheme is now well under way to replace it with ten individual chokes with in-situ spares so that the system will gain redundancy and robustness. This paper covers progress to date and the problems that have been encountered and their solutions. *M. G. White et al. "A 3-BeV High Intensity Proton Synchrotron," The Princeton-Pennsylvania Accelerator, CERN Symp.1956 Proc., p525.

THPP138	Achievement and Evaluation of the Beam Vacuum Performance of the LHC Long Straight Sections	vacuum, instrumentation, ion, insertion	3685
	G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, S. Blanchard, J. Hansen, J. M. Jimenez, K. Weiss CERN, Geneva
	The bake-out and activation of the 6 km Long Straight Sections (LSS) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in its final step. After bake-out and activation of the NEG coating, the average ultimate pressure, over more than one hundred vacuum sectors, is below 10^-11 mbar. Therefore, the nominal requirement for the four experimental insertions is guaranteed. The nominal performances are also ensured for all the other insertions where collimators, RF cavities and beam dumping systems are present. The main difficulties encountered during the bake-out and activation of NEG coated chambers of the LSS vacuum sectors will be presented and discussed. In particular, the acceptance test and the limiting factors of the reached ultimate pressures will be addressed. Furthermore, the influence on the ultimate pressures of the beam vacuum elements (collimators, beam instrumentation, etc.) will be discussed. Finally, preliminary results obtained from a laboratory NEG pilot sector dedicated to the quality control of the LHC beam vacuum and to the evaluation of the NEG performance will be presented.

FRXAGM01	RHIC and its Upgrade Programs	luminosity, polarization, electron, ion	3723
	T. Roser BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	As the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent superconducting rings RHIC has operated with a wide range of beam energies and particle species. After a brief review of the achieved performance the presentation will give an overview of the plans, challenges and status of machine upgrades, that range from a new heavy ion pre-injector and beam cooling at 100 GeV to a high luminosity electron-ion collider.
	Slides

FRYAGM01	Upgrade Issues for the CERN Accelerator Complex	luminosity, linac, injection, synchrotron	3734
	R. Garoby CERN, Geneva
	The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is at a very advanced stage of construction and the first beam collisions in the experiments are expected during the year 2008. Work has now started for maximizing its physics reach and for preparing for other foreseeable needs. Beyond upgrades in the LHC itself, mainly in the optics of the insertions, the injector complex has to be renewed to deliver beam with upgraded characteristics with a high reliability. In a first phase, a new 160 MeV H^- linac (“Linac4”) will be built to replace the present 50 MeV proton linac (Linac2) and extensive consolidation will be made. In a second phase, the present 26 GeV PS and its set of injectors (Linac2 + PSB) are planned to be replaced with a ~50 GeV synchrotron (“PS2”) using a 4 GeV superconducting proton linac (“SPL”) as injector. The SPS itself will also be the subject of major improvements, to be able to cope with a 50 GeV injection energy and with beams of much higher brightness. These proposals are described as well as their potential to evolve and fit the needs of future facilities for radioactive ions and/or neutrinos.
	Slides