Keyword: hadron
Paper Title Other Keywords Page
MOPAB028 Using Machine Learning to Improve Dynamic Aperture Estimates simulation, dynamic-aperture, collider, operation 134
 
  • F.F. Van der Veken, M. Giovannozzi, E.H. Maclean
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • C.E. Montanari
    Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
  • G. Valentino
    University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
  
  The dynamic aperture (DA) is an important concept in the study of nonlinear beam dynamics. Several analytical models used to describe the evolution of DA as a function of time, and to extrapolate to realistic time scales that would not be reachable otherwise due to computational limitations, have been successfully developed. Even though these models have been quite successful in the past, the fitting procedure is rather sensitive to several details. Machine Learning (ML) techniques, which have been around for decades and have matured into powerful tools ever since, carry the potential to address some of these challenges. In this paper, two applications of ML approaches are presented and discussed in detail. Firstly, ML has been used to efficiently detect outliers in the DA computations. Secondly, ML techniques have been applied to improve the fitting procedures of the DA models, thus improving their predictive power.  
poster icon Poster MOPAB028 [1.764 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB028  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB132 The Multi-Mega-Watt Target Station for the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam target, proton, experiment, ion-source 466
 
  • E. Baussan, E. Bouquerel, L. D’Alessi, M. Dracos, P. Poussot, J. Thomas, J. Wurtz, V. Zeter
    IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
  • P. Cupial, M. Koziol, L.J. Lacny, J. Snamina
    AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  • I. Efthymiopoulos
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • T. Tolba
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  
  Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777419 and also by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft No 423761110.
One of the next challenges in fundamental physics is to understand the origin of matter/antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. In particular, intense neutrinos could play an important role to elucidate this mystery and better understand the expansion of the Universe. The ESSnuSB collaboration proposes to use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund (Sweden) to produce a very intense neutrino super beam, in parallel with the spallation neutron production. A very challenging part of the proposed facility is the Target Station which will have to afford 5 MW proton beam power. This poster will present the hadronic collector and the whole facility to produce the next generation of neutrino superbeam. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB132  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB258 Corrections of Non-Linear Field Errors with Asymmetric Optics in LHC and HL-LHC Insertion Regions optics, simulation, collider, insertion 817
 
  • J. Dilly, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project, CERN and the german Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Existing correction schemes to locally suppress resonance driving terms in the error-sensitive high-beta regions of the LHC and HL-LHC have operated on the assumption of symmetric beta-functions of the optics in the two rings. As this assumption can fail for a multitude of reasons, such as inherently asymmetric optics and unevenly distributed errors, an extension of this correction scheme has been developed removing the need for symmetry by operating on the two separate optics of the beams at the same time. Presented here is the impact of this novel approach on dynamic aperture as an important measure of particle stability. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB258  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
MOPAB259 Corrections of Feed-Down of Non-Linear Field Errors in LHC and HL-LHC Insertion Regions optics, simulation, collider, insertion 821
 
  • J. Dilly, E.H. Maclean, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project, CERN and the german Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
The optics in the insertion regions of the LHC and its upgrade project the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) are very sensitive to local magnetic errors, due to the extremely high beta-functions present. In collision optics, the non-zero closed orbit in the same region leads to a "feed-down" of high-order errors to lower orders, causing additional effects detrimental to beam lifetime. An extension to the proven method for correcting these errors by locally suppressing resonance driving terms has been undertaken, not only taking this feed-down into account, but also adding the possibility of utilizing it such that the powering of higher-order correctors will compensate for lower order errors. The impact of these corrections on measures of particle stability, namely dynamic aperture and amplitude detuning are presented in this contribution. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB259  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUXA06 Loss of Transverse Landau Damping by Diffusion in High-Energy Hadron Colliders wakefield, damping, collider, feedback 1286
 
  • S.V. Furuseth, X. Buffat
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • S.V. Furuseth
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
  Circular hadron colliders rely on Landau damping to stabilize the beams. Landau damping depends strongly on the bunch distribution, which is often assumed to be Gaussian in the transverse planes. In this paper, we introduce and explain an instability mechanism observed in the LHC, where Landau damping is eventually lost due to a diffusion that modifies the transverse bunch distribution. The mechanism is caused by a wide-spectrum noise that excites the transverse motion of the beam, which consequently produces wakefields that drive a narrow-spectrum diffusion. It is shown that this diffusion efficiently lowers the stability diagram at the frequency of the least stable coherent mode, leading to a loss of Landau damping after a latency. A semi-analytical model agrees with measurements in dedicated latency experiments performed in the LHC. This instability mechanism explains the need for a stability margin in octupole current in the LHC, relative to the amount needed to stabilize a Gaussian beam. We detail the impact of this mechanism and possible mitigations for the LHC and HL-LHC.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXA06  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 10 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB011 Momentum Compaction Factor Measurements in the Large Hadron Collider optics, quadrupole, synchrotron, collider 1360
 
  • J. Keintzel, L. Malina, R. Tomás García
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and its planned luminosity upgrade, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) demand well-controlled on- and off-momentum optics. Optics measurements are performed by analysing Turn-by-Turn (TbT) data of excited beams. Different techniques to measure the momentum compaction factor from these data are explored, taking into account the possibility to combine them with RF-voltage scans in future experiments.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB011  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 16 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB030 Superb Fixed Field Permanent Magnet Proton Therapy Gantry permanent-magnet, proton, radiation, MMI 1405
 
  • D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, T. Roser, N. Tsoupas
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We present the top notch design of the proton therapy gantry made of permanent magnets with very strong focusing. This represents a superb solution fulfilling all cancer treatment requirements for all energies without changing any parameters. The proton energy range is between 60-250 MeV. The beam arrives to the patient focused at each required treatment energy. The scanning system is place between the end of the gantry and the patient. There are multiple advantages of this design: easy operation, no significant electrical power - just for the correction system, low weight, low cost. The design is based on the recent very successful commissioning of the permanent magnet ERL ’CBETA’ at Cornell University. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB030 [7.816 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB030  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB036 The Accelerator Design Progress for EIC Strong Hadron Cooling electron, proton, linac, emittance 1424
 
  • E. Wang, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, F.J. Willeke, W. Xu
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • S.V. Benson
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • D. Douglas
    Douglas Consulting, York, Virginia, USA
  • C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • C.E. Mayes
    Xelera Research LLC, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy,
The Electron-Ion Collider will achieve a luminosity of 1034 cm-2 s−1 by incorporating strong hadron cooling to counteract hadron Intra-Beam Scattering, using a coherent electron cooling scheme. An accelerator will deliver the beams with key parameters, such as 1 nC bunch charge, and 1e-4 energy spread. The paper presents the design and beam dynamics simulation results. Methods to minimize beam noise, the challenges of the accelerator design, and the R&D topics being pursued are discussed. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB036  
About • paper received ※ 16 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 11 June 2021       issue date ※ 01 September 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB042 Large Radial Shifts in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring dipole, closed-orbit, electron, insertion 1443
 
  • S. Peggs, J.S. Berg, K.A. Drees, X. Gu, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, R.J. Michnoff, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, M. Valette, S. Verdú-Andrés
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • K.E. Deitrick
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • B.R. Gamage
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron Ion Collider will collide hadrons in the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) with ultra-relativistic electrons in the Electron Storage Ring. The HSR design trajectory includes a large radial shift over a large fraction of its circumference, in order to adjust the hadron path length to synchronize collisions over a broad range of hadron energies. The design trajectory goes on-axis through the magnets, crab cavities and other components in the six HSR Insertion Regions. This paper discusses the issues involved and reports on past and future beam experiments in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, which will be upgraded to become the HSR. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB042  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB179 Design of an MBEC Cooler for the EIC electron, proton, kicker, simulation 1819
 
  • W.F. Bergan, P. Baxevanis, M. Blaskiewicz, E. Wang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • G. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Reaching maximal luminosity for the planned electron-ion collider (EIC) calls for some form of strong hadron cooling to counteract beam emittance increase from IBS. We discuss plans to use microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) to achieve this. The principle of this method is that the hadron beam will copropogate with a beam of electrons, imprinting its own density modulation on the electron beam. These electron phase space perturbations are amplified before copropogating with the hadrons again in a kicker section. By making the hadron transit time between modulator and kicker dependent on hadron energy and transverse offset, the energy kicks which they receive from the electrons will tend to reduce their longitudinal and transverse emittances. We discuss details of the analytic theory and searches for optimal realistic parameter settings to achieve a maximal cooling rate while limiting the effects of diffusion and electron beam saturation. We also place limits on the necessary electron beam quality. These results are corroborated by simulations. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB179 [4.006 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB179  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB180 Plasma Simulations for an MBEC Cooler for the EIC electron, simulation, kicker, proton 1823
 
  • W.F. Bergan
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In order to reach its maximum luminosity, the electron-ion collider (EIC) is being designed to use microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) to cool the hadron beam. This involves having the hadron beam imprint on a beam of electrons, enhancing the perturbations in the electron beam using the microbunching instability, and feeding back on the original hadron beam to correct deviations in hadron energy, and, through the use of dispersion, the transverse emittances. This process has been modelled analytically in the linear regime*. However, in order to maximize the cooling rate, we wish to know how much saturation in the electron beam is acceptable before the effects of nonlinearity cause significant deviations from the analytic results. To understand this, we have developed a code to do fast one-dimensional plasma simulations of hadrons and electrons as they move through the MBEC section of the EIC. In addition to permitting us to understand the effects of saturation, other effects are included which do not fit easily in the analytic formalism.
* G. Stupakov and P. Baxevanis, PRAB 22, 034401 (2019). 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB180 [1.955 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB180  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB233 Diffusive Models for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics collider, dynamic-aperture, experiment, beam-losses 1976
 
  • C.E. Montanari, A. Bazzani
    Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
  • M. Giovannozzi, C.E. Montanari
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Diffusive models for representing the nonlinear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator ring have been developed in recent years. The novelty of the work presented here with respect to older approaches is that the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is derived from the time stability estimate of the Nekhoroshev theorem. In this paper, we discuss the latest results obtained for simple models of nonlinear betratron motion.  
poster icon Poster TUPAB233 [0.574 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB233  
About • paper received ※ 11 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB254 Limiting Coherent Longitudinal Beam Oscillations in the EIC Electron Storage Ring feedback, electron, cavity, emittance 2046
 
  • B. Podobedov
    Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
  • M. Blaskiewicz
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We study coherent longitudinal beam oscillations in the EIC electron storage ring (ESR). We show that to avoid unacceptable hadron emittance growth due to finite crossing angle, the amplitude of these oscillations needs to be limited to a fraction of a millimeter. Using an analytical model we estimate the amplitude of these oscillations under the two scenarios: 1) the beam is passively stable and the oscillations are driven by RF phase noise only; 2) a coupled-bunch instability, presently expected in the ESR, is damped by a longitudinal feedback system. We show that, for the 2nd scenario, comfortable specifications for RF phase noise and feedback sensor noise will be sufficient to maintain the oscillation amplitude within the required limits. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPAB254 [1.347 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB254  
About • paper received ※ 12 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB260 A Beam Screen to Prepare the RHIC Vacuum Chamber for EIC Hadron Beams: Conceptual Design and Requirements vacuum, electron, dipole, collider 2066
 
  • S. Verdú-Andrés, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, A. Hershcovitch, M. Mapes, G.T. McIntyre, J.F. Muratore, S.K. Nayak, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, D. Weiss
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electon Ion Collider (EIC) hadron ring will use the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider storage rings, including the superconducting magnet arcs. The vacuum chambers in the superconducting magnets and the cold mass interconnects were not designed for EIC beams and so must be updated to reduce its resistive-wall heating and to suppress electron clouds. To do so without compromising the EIC luminosity goal, a stainless steel beam screen with co-laminated copper and a thin layer of amorphous carbon will be installed. This paper describes the main requirements that our solution for the hadron ring vacuum chamber needs to satisfy, including impedance, aperture limitations, vacuum, thermal and structural stability, mechanical design, installation and operation. The conceptual design of the beam screen currently under development is introduced. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB260  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB278 The HL-LHC Beam Gas Vertex Monitor - Simulations for Design Optimisation and Performance Study detector, target, impedance, simulation 2120
 
  • H. Guerin, O.R. Jones, R. Kieffer, B. Kolbinger, T. Lefèvre, B. Salvant, J.W. Storey, R. Veness, C. Zamantzas
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • S.M. Gibson, H. Guerin
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  The Beam Gas Vertex (BGV) instrument is a non-invasive transverse beam profile monitor being designed as part of the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN. Its aim is to continuously measure bunch-by-bunch beam profiles, independent of beam intensity, throughout the LHC cycle. The primary components of the BGV monitor are a gas target and a forward tracking detector. Secondary particles emerging from inelastic beam-gas interactions are detected by the tracker. The beam profile is then inferred from the spatial distribution of reconstructed vertices of said interactions. Based on insights and conclusions acquired by a demonstrator device that was operated in the LHC during Run 2, a new design is being developed to fulfill the HL-LHC specifications. This contribution describes the status of the simulation studies being performed to evaluate the impact of design parameters on the instrument’s performance and identify gas target and tracker requirements.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB278  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
TUPAB381 Thermal Analysis of the RHIC Arc Dipole Magnet Cold Mass with the EIC Beam Screen dipole, vacuum, electron, cryogenics 2413
 
  • S.K. Nayak, M. Anerella, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, R.C. Gupta, M. Mapes, G.T. McIntyre, S. Peggs, R. Than, J.E. Tuozzolo, S. Verdú-Andrés, D. Weiss
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Funding agency Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The EIC will make use of the existing RHIC storage rings with their superconducting (SC) magnet arcs. A stainless-steel beam screen with co-laminated copper and a thin amorphous carbon (aC) film on the inner surface will be installed in the beam pipe of the SC magnets. The copper will reduce the beam-induced resistive-wall (RW) heating from operation with the higher intensity EIC beams, that if not addressed would make the magnets quench. Limiting the RW heating is also important to achieve an adequately low vacuum level. The aC coating will reduce secondary electron yield which could also cause heating and limit intensity. Among all the RHIC SC magnets, the arc dipoles present the biggest challenge to the design and installation of beam screens. The arc dipoles, which make up for 78% (2.5 km) length of all SC magnets in RHIC, expect the largest RW heating due to their smallest aperture. These magnets are also the longest (9.45 m each), thus experiencing the largest temperature rise over their length, and have a large sagitta (48.5 mm) that increases the difficulty to install the beam screen in place. This paper presents a detailed thermal analysis of the magnet-screen system. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB381  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEXA06 Study of Pb-Pb and Pb-p Collision Debris in the CERN LHC in View of HL-LHC Operation operation, proton, luminosity, heavy-ion 2528
 
  • M. Sabaté-Gilarte, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Lechner
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project
For the first time, a full characterization of the Pb-Pb and Pb-p collision debris as well as its impact in terms of energy deposition in the long straight section (LSS) of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider has been carried out. By means of Monte Carlo simulations with FLUKA, both inelastic nuclear interaction and electromagnetic dissociation were taken into account as source term for lead ion operation, while for Pb-p operation only nuclear interaction is of importance. The radiation exposure of detectors exclusively destined for ion beam runs is assessed, allowing drawing implications of their use. This work gave the opportunity for an unprecedented validation of simulation results against measurement of beam loss monitors (BLM) in the experimental LSS during ion operation. Pb-Pb operation refers to the 2018 ion run at 6.37 TeV per charge with a +160 microrad half crossing angle in the vertical plane at the ATLAS interaction point. Instead, Pb-p operation was benchmarked for the 2016 ion run at 6.5 TeV per charge with -140 microrad half crossing angle in the vertical plane at the same location. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA06  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB003 Overview of the Magnets Required for the Interaction Region of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) electron, dipole, quadrupole, collider 2578
 
  • H. Witte, K. Amm, M. Anerella, J. Avronsart, A. Ben Yahia, J.P. Cozzolino, R.C. Gupta, H.M. Hocker, P. Kovach, G.J. Mahler, A. Marone, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S.R. Plate, C.E. Runyan, J. Schmalzle
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The planned electron-ion collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is designed to deliver a peak luminosity of 1x1034 cm-2 s-1. This paper presents an overview of the magnets required for the interaction region of the BNL EIC. To reduce risk and cost the IR is designed to employ conventional NbTi superconducting magnets. In the forward direction the magnets for the hadrons are required to pass a large neutron cone and particles with a transverse momentum of up to 1.3 GeV/c, which leads to large aperture requirements. In the rear direction the synchrotron radiation fan produced by the electron beam must not hit the magnet apertures, which determines their aperture. For the forward direction a mostly interleaved scheme is used for the optics, whereas for the rear side 2-in-1 magnets are employed. We present an overview of the EIC IR magnet design including the forward spectrometer magnet B0. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB003  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 01 July 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB004 Electron-Ion Luminosity Maximization in the EIC luminosity, electron, collider, emittance 2582
 
  • W. Fischer, E.C. Aschenauer, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, H. Huang, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, V. Schoefer, K.S. Smith, P. Thieberger, F.J. Willeke
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • Y. Zhang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The electron-ion luminosity in EIC has a number of limits, including the ion intensity available from the injectors, the total ion beam current, the electron bunch intensity, the total electron current, the synchrotron radiation power, the beam-beam effect, the achievable beta functions at the interaction points (IPs), the maximum angular spreads at the IP, the ion emittances reachable with stochastic or strong cooling, the ratio of horizontal to vertical emittance, and space charge effects. We map the e-A luminosity over the center-of-mass energy range for some ions ranging from deuterons to uranium ions. For e-Au collisions the present design provides for electron-nucleon (e-Au) peak luminosities of 1.7x1033 cm-2s−1 with stochastic cooling, and 4.7x1033 cm-2s−1 with strong hadron cooling. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB004  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021       issue date ※ 20 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB005 Design Status Update of the Electron-Ion Collider electron, collider, storage-ring, interaction-region 2585
 
  • C. Montag, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Bassi, J. Beebe-Wang, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Blednykh, J.M. Brennan, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, Z.A. Conway, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, R.C. Gupta, Y. Hao, A. Hershcovitch, C. Hetzel, D. Holmes, H. Huang, W.A. Jackson, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, C. Liu, H. Lovelace III, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, D. Marx, G.T. McIntyre, F. Méot, M.G. Minty, S.K. Nayak, R.B. Palmer, B. Parker, S. Peggs, B. Podobedov, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, S. Seletskiy, V.V. Smaluk, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, S. Verdú-Andrés, E. Wang, D. Weiss, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte, Q. Wu, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, W. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • S.V. Benson, J.M. Grames, F. Lin, T.J. Michalski, V.S. Morozov, E.A. Nissen, J.P. Preble, R.A. Rimmer, T. Satogata, A. Seryi, M. Wiseman, W. Wittmer, Y. Zhang
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  • Y. Cai, Y.M. Nosochkov, G. Stupakov, M.K. Sullivan
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • K.E. Deitrick, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, J.E. Unger
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  • E. Gianfelice-Wendt
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • T. Satogata
    ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
  • D. Xu
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by BSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704, by JSA, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and by SLAC under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design of the electron-ion collider EIC to be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been continuously evolving towards a realistic and robust design that meets all the requirements set forth by the nuclear physics community in the White Paper. Over the past year activities have been focused on maturing the design, and on developing alternatives to mitigate risk. These include improvements of the interaction region design as well as modifications of the hadron ring vacuum system to accommodate the high average and peak beam currents. Beam dynamics studies have been performed to determine and optimize the dynamic aperture in the two collider rings and the beam-beam performance. We will present the EIC design with a focus on recent developments. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB005 [2.095 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB005  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB016 Snowmass’21 Accelerator Frontier collider, target, electron, luminosity 2621
 
  • V.D. Shiltsev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • S.A. Gourlay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • T.O. Raubenheimer
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Snowmass’21 is decadal particle physics community planning study. It provides an opportunity for the entire particle physics community to come together to identify and document a scientific vision for the future of particle physics in the U.S. and its international partners. Snowmass will define the most important questions for the field of particle physics and identify promising opportunities to address them. The P5, Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel, will take the scientific input from Snowmass and develop a strategic plan for U.S. particle physics that can be executed over a 10 year timescale, in the context of a 20-year global vision for the field. Here we present the goals, progress and plans of the Snowmass’21 Accelerator Frontier.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB016 [1.108 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB016  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 12 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB023 Crystal Collimation of 20 MJ Heavy-Ion Beams at the HL-LHC collimation, operation, collider, luminosity 2644
 
  • M. D’Andrea, R. Bruce, M. Di Castro, I. Lamas Garcia, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, B. Salvachua, W. Scandale
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • F. Galluccio
    INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  
  The concept of crystal collimation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) relies on the use of bent crystals that can deflect halo particles by a much larger angle than the standard multi-stage collimation system. Following an extensive campaign of studies and performance validations, a number of crystal collimation tests with Pb ion beams were performed in 2018 at energies up to 6.37 Z TeV. This paper describes the procedure and outcomes of these tests, the most important of which being the demonstration of the capability of crystal collimation to improve the cleaning efficiency of the machine. These results led to the inclusion of crystal collimation into the LHC baseline for operation with ion beams in Run 3 as well as for the HL-LHC era. A first set of operational settings was defined.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB023  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB024 Release of Crystal Routine for Multi-Turn Proton Simulations within SixTrack v5 simulation, collimation, proton, collider 2648
 
  • M. D’Andrea, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, V.K.B. Olsen, S. Redaelli
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  Crystal collimation is studied as a possible scheme to further improve the efficiency of ion collimation at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), as well as for possible applications in the CERN program of Physics Beyond Colliders. This concept relies on the use of bent crystals that can deflect high-energy halo particles at large angles, of the order of tens of urad. In order to reproduce key experimental results of crystal collimation tests and predict the performance of this system when applied to present and future machines, a dedicated simulation routine was developed. This routine is capable of modeling both coherent and incoherent interactions of beam particles with crystal collimators, and is fully integrated into the magnetic tracking and collimator modeling provided by the single-particle tracking code SixTrack. This paper describes the implementation of the routine in the latest version of SixTrack and its most recent improvements, in particular regarding the treatment of the crystal miscut angle.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB024  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 14 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB031 Frequency Dependence of Plasma Cascade Amplification electron, plasma, distributed, simulation 2672
 
  • G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, J. Ma
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A new type of amplifier, plasma cascade amplifier (PCA) has been proposed for a coherent electron cooling (CeC) system. Previously, the 1D model for PCA assumes that the transverse distribution of the density perturbation in the electrons is uniform and consequently, the plasma frequency does not depend on the wavelength of the perturbation. This assumption is valid if the longitudinal wavelength of the beam frame is much shorter than the transverse width of perturbation. In this work, we explore the PCI gain at a long wavelength by assuming the perturbation in the electron density has a non-uniform transverse profile. Specifically, we solve the 3D Poisson equation for given charge distribution (longitudinal sinusoidal, transversely Gaussian, or Beer-can), average the electric field over the transverse plane, and then apply it to 1D Vlasov equation. Similar to the previous calculation, the Vlasov equation can be reduced to a Hill’s equation but the plasma frequency now depends on the longitudinal wavelength of the density perturbation in the electrons. By numerically solving Hill’s equation, we obtain the gain of a PCA and compare it with the results from 3D SPACE simulations. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB031  
About • paper received ※ 20 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 June 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB189 EIC Hadron Beamline Vacuum Studies vacuum, electron, emittance, cryogenics 3060
 
  • D. Weiss, M. Mapes, J.E. Tuozzolo, S. Verdú-Andrés
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Ninety percent of the EIC hadron ring beamline is cold-bore comprising strings of interconnected 4.55 K RHIC superconducting (SC) magnets. The EIC operating specification requires shorter bunches and 3x higher intensity beams which are not appropriate for the present RHIC stainless steel cold-bore beam tube. The intensity and emittance of the hadron beams will degrade due to interactions with residual gas or vacuum instabilities arising from the expected resistive-wall (RW) heating, electron clouds, and beam-induced desorption mechanisms. Without strategies to limit RW heating, major cryogenic system modifications are needed to prevent SC magnet quenches. The SC magnet cold-bore beam tubes will be equipped with a high RRR copper clad stainless steel sleeve to significantly reduce RW heating and so the effect on the SC magnet cryogenic heat load and temperature. A thin amorphous carbon film applied to the beam facing copper surface will suppress electron cloud formation. This paper discusses the vacuum requirements imposed by the EIC hadron beams and the plans to achieve the necessary vacuum and thermal stability that ensure acceptable beam quality and lifetime. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB189 [3.321 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB189  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 August 2021       issue date ※ 26 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB194 Feasibility of Using the Existing RHIC Stripline BPMs for the EIC shielding, simulation, impedance, site 3077
 
  • M.P. Sangroula, C. Liu, M.G. Minty, P. Thieberger
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The design of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will utilize portions of the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) for the EIC hadron ring. The EIC design calls for up to 10-times shorter ion bunches compared to the present RHIC operation. Higher single bunch peak currents will result in higher voltages to the output ports of the BPMs consequently producing more heating of the cryogenic signal cables connected to these output ports. Therefore, the existing stripline BPMs should be either upgraded or replaced with new ones. In this paper, we explore the potentially cost-effective approach by incorporating an RF-shielding piece into the existing BPMs as opposed to replacing them completely. Starting with the power delivered to the output ports, we present the proposed BPM modification with the RF-shielding piece. Then we discuss in detail the RF-shielding piece geometry including the dimension of RF slot and RF-fingers configuration. Finally, we present the optimization of the shielding piece and the mechanical tolerances required for its fabrication. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB194  
About • paper received ※ 21 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 June 2021       issue date ※ 15 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB265 Simulations of Cooling Rate for Coherent Electron Cooling with Plasma Cascade Amplifier electron, simulation, kicker, plasma 3261
 
  • J. Ma, V. Litvinenko, G. Wang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • V. Litvinenko
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Coherent electron cooling (CeC) is a novel technique for rapidly cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beams. A plasma cascade amplifier (PCA) has been proposed for the CeC experiment in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The cooling rate of CeC experiment with PCA has been predicted in 3D start-to-end CeC simulations using code SPACE. 		 
poster icon Poster WEPAB265 [1.507 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB265  
About • paper received ※ 13 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 10 June 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB273 Cooling and Diffusion Rates in Coherent Electron Cooling Concepts electron, proton, kicker, plasma 3281
 
  • S. Nagaitsev, V.A. Lebedev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • W.F. Bergan, E. Wang
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • G. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
We present analytic cooling and diffusion rates for a simplified model of coherent electron cooling (CEC), based on a proton energy kick at each turn. This model also allows to estimate analytically the rms value of electron beam density fluctuations in the "kicker" section. Having such analytic expressions should allow for better understanding of the CEC mechanism, and for a quicker analysis and optimization of main system parameters. Our analysis is applicable to any CEC amplification mechanism, as long as the wake (kick) function is available. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB273  
About • paper received ※ 10 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 July 2021       issue date ※ 29 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB278 Beam-Beam Simulations for Lepton-Hadron Colliders: ALOHEP Software collider, luminosity, lepton, linac 3293
 
  • B.B. Oner
    Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
  • B. Dagli, S. Sultansoy
    TOBB ETU, Ankara, Turkey
  • B. Ketenoğlu
    Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
  
  It is known that rough luminosity estimations for ll, lh, and hh colliders can be performed easily using nominal beam parameters. In principle, more precise results can be obtained by analytical solutions. However, beam dynamics is usually neglected in this case since it is almost impossible to cope with beam size fluctuations. In this respect, several beam-beam simulation programs for linear e+e− and photon colliders have been proposed while no similar open-access simulation exists for all types of colliders (i.e. linac-ring ep colliders). Here, we present the software ALOHEP (A Luminosity Optimizer for High Energy Physics), a luminosity calculator for linac-ring and ring-ring lh colliders, which also computes IP parameters such as beam-beam tune shift, disruption arising out of electromagnetic interactions. In addition, the program allows taking crossing-angle effects on luminosity into account.
* Y.C. Acar et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 871 (2017). 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB278  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 26 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB337 Some Methods of Making Titanium Vacuum Chamber Act as Getter Pump for UHV/XHV vacuum, ECR, electron, experiment 3471
 
  • J. Kamiya, T. Takano, H. Yuza
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  • K. Wada
    Tokyo Electronics Co. Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan
  
  Funding: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18K11925
The non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating has been developed in CERN to make a beam pipe act as a distributed vacuum pump by coating the getter materials with the ability to adsorb/absorb gas molecules on the beam pipe surface. The NEG coating materials used in the LHC are alloys of titanium, zirconium, and vanadium. In high-power beam accelerators, titanium has been used as the beam pipe chamber material due to its low radio activation characteristics. The ordinal titanium surface has no getter function because it is covered with a titanium oxide film. The new technique, which removes the titanium-oxide surface by some methods, such as baking or sputtering, has been investigated. The dependence of the surface oxide film and the getter characteristics on the baking temperature have been measured. Also, by sputtering the inner surface of the titanium chamber, clear evidence that shows the chamber acts as a vacuum pump has been obtained. Furthermore, the NEG coating on the pure titanium surface can suppress the rapid decrease of the sticking probability by the repeated air purge and reactivation. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB337  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 19 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEPAB339 Beam-Induced Surface Modification of the LHC Beam Screens: The Reason for the High Heat Load in Some LHC Arcs? electron, dipole, cryogenics, ECR 3479
 
  • V. Petit, P. Chiggiato, M. Himmerlich, G. Iadarola, H. Neupert, M. Taborelli, D.A. Zanin
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  
  All over Run 2, the LHC beam-induced heat load exhibited a wide scattering along the ring. Studies ascribed the heat source to electron cloud build-up, indicating an unexpectedly high Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of the beam screen surface in some LHC regions. During the Long Shutdown 2, the beam screens of a low and a high heat load dipole were extracted. Their inner copper surface was analysed in the laboratory to compare their SEY and surface composition. While findings on the low heat load beam screens are compatible with expectations from laboratory studies of copper conditioning and deconditioning mechanisms, an extremely low carbon amount and the presence of CuO (non-native surface oxide) are observed on the high heat-load beam screens. The azimuthal distribution of CuO correlates with the density and energy of electron impingement. Such chemical modifications increase the SEY and inhibit the full conditioning of affected surfaces. This work shows a direct correlation between the abnormal LHC heat load and the surface properties of its beam screens, opening the door to the development of curative solutions to overcome this critical limitation.  
poster icon Poster WEPAB339 [2.247 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB339  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021       issue date ※ 16 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB003 Application of Generalized Gaussian Distribution in the Processing the Wire Scanner Data emittance, linac, background, electron 3759
 
  • H. Geng, C. Meng, F. Yan, Y. Zhang, Y.L. Zhao
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Wire scanners are widely used for measuring beam emittance in both electron and hadron accelerators. Gaussian fitting is the most commonly used method in processing the wire scanner data. But in hadron machines, beams are normally not gaussian distribution due to the action of nonlinear forces such as space charge effect. Under these circumstances, there would be big deviations if the wire scanner data was still fitted with gaussian distributions. This paper introduces generalized Gaussian distribution in the processing the wire scanner data measured in the ADS injector-I. The results using different fitting method will be compared.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB003  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021       issue date ※ 30 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB130 Design of a Very Low Energy Beamline for NA61/SHINE target, experiment, simulation, optics 4017
 
  • C.A. Mussolini, N. Charitonidis
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • P. Burrows
    JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • P. Burrows
    Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • Y. Nagai
    Colorado University at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • Y. Nagai
    ELTE, Budapest, Hungary
  • E.D. Zimmerman
    CIPS, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  
  A new, low-energy beamline branch is currently under consideration for the H2 beamline at the CERN North Area. This new branch would extend the capabilities of the current infrastructure enabling the study of particles in the very low, 1-13 GeV/c, momentum range. The design of this new beamline involves various stages. Firstly, a study of the secondary targets to maximise the yield of secondary hadrons. Secondly, the development of high acceptance transverse optics with high momentum resolution on the order of a few %. Finally, we discuss the first considerations on instrumentation to enable particle identification and background rejection. The first experiment to profit from this new line could be NA61/SHINE, but other possible future fixed target experiments or test-beams installed in the downstream zones could also use the low-energy particles provided. The aim is to arrive at a complete design of this branch by the end of 2021, which, pending the approval of the CERN scientific committees, could be envisaged for construction after 2024. This timescale is compatible with requests for measurements by various large international collaborations, in the next 10-year horizon.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB130  
About • paper received ※ 15 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB143 M2 Experimental Beamline Optics Studies for Next Generation Muon Beam Experiments at CERN experiment, optics, detector, collider 4041
 
  • D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, G.L. D’Alessandro, A. Gerbershagen, E. Montbarbon, C.A. Mussolini, E.G. Parozzi, B. Rae, B.M. Veit
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • L. Gatignon
    Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  
  In the context of the Physics Beyond Colliders Project, various new experiments have been proposed for the M2 beamline at the CERN North Area fixed target experimental facility. The experiments include MUonE, NA64µ, and the successor to the COMPASS experiment, tentatively named AMBER/NA66. The AMBER/NA66 collaboration proposes to build a QCD facility requiring conventional muon and hadron beams for runs up to 2024 in the first phase of the experiment. MUonE aims to measure the hadronic contribution to the vacuum polarization in the context of the (gµ-2) anomaly with a setup longer than 40 m and a 160 GeV/c high intensity, low divergence muon beam. NA64µ is a muon beam program for dark sector physics requiring a 100 - 160 GeV/c muon beam with a 15-25 m long setup. All three experiments request similar beam times up to 2024 with compelling physics programs, which required launching extensive studies for integration, installation, beam optics, and background estimations. The experiments will be presented along with details of the studies performed to check their feasibility and compatibility with an emphasis on the updated optics for these next-generation muon beam experiments.  
poster icon Poster THPAB143 [14.259 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB143  
About • paper received ※ 17 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021       issue date ※ 25 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB187 Determination of Required Tolerances and Stop Band Width for Cells Manufacturing and Tuning in Compensated High Energy Accelerating Structures coupling, linac, cavity, factory 4139
 
  • I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov
    RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
  
  The required value of the spread for accelerating field distribution comes from the beam dynamics conditions and for cavities in high energy hadron linacs is ~1%. The standard deviation of the accelerating field distribution depends on the spread in frequencies of accelerating and coupling cells, stop bandwidth and deviations in coupling coefficients. The deviations in frequencies for accelerating, coupling cells, coupling coefficients, are directly related to tolerances manufacturing tolerances for cells. The stop bandwidth should be adjusted with cell tuning. Relations between the standard deviation of field distribution and deviations in cells parameters* are known. Together with the relation between deviations in cells dimensions and cells parameters** recommendations for cells manufacturing tolerances could be obtained. In relation to the coupling coefficient of compensated accelerating structures (ACS, SCS, CDS, DAW) for high-energy parts of linacs some recommendations for the determination of optimal manufacturing tolerances and acceptable stopband are presented.
* V.F. Vikulov and V.E. Kalyuzhny // Tech. Phys., v. 50, 1980, pp. 773-779
** I.V. Rybakov, V.V. Paramonov, A.K. Skassyrskaya // Proc. RuPAC 2016, pp. 291-293 		 
poster icon Poster THPAB187 [0.649 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB187  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021       issue date ※ 24 August 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THPAB201 A Machine Learning Technique for Dynamic Aperture Computation network, dynamic-aperture, simulation, distributed 4172
 
  • B. Dalena, M. Ben Ghali
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  
  Currently, dynamic aperture calculations of high-energy hadron colliders are performed through computer simulations, which are both a resource-heavy and time-costly processes. The aim of this study is to use a reservoir computing machine learning model in order to achieve a faster extrapolation of dynamic aperture values. A recurrent echo-state network (ESN) architecture is used as a basis for this work. Recurrent networks are better fitted to extrapolation tasks while the reservoir echo-state structure is computationally effective. Model training and validation is conducted on a set of "seeds" corresponding to the simulation results of different machine configurations. Adjustments in the model architecture, manual metric and data selection, hyper-parameters tuning and the introduction of new parameters enabled the model to reliably achieve good performance on examining testing sets.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB201  
About • paper received ※ 14 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 22 July 2021       issue date ※ 02 September 2021  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)