IPAC2021 - List of Keywords (permanent-magnet)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUXC07	Modified Halbach Magnets for Emerging Accelerator Applications	quadrupole, dipole, collider, electron	1315
	S.J. Brooks BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The original circular Halbach magnet design creates a strong pure multipole field from permanent magnet pieces without intervening iron. This design has been extended recently at the CBETA 4-turn ERL, whose return loop includes combined-function (dipole+quadrupole) Halbach-derived magnets, plus a modular system of tuning shims to improve all 216 magnets’ relative field accuracy to better than 10^-3. This paper describes further modifications of the Halbach design enable a larger range of accelerator applications in the future: (1) open-midplane designs to allow synchrotron radiation in light sources and other high-energy electron rings, ERLs or RLAs to escape. (2) Quadrupole magnets with an oval aperture allow larger gradients than a circular aperture, provided the beam is more extended in one axis than the other, as usual for a quadrupole in a focussing system. These can be used in compact hadron therapy gantries. (3) New collider complexes often require multiple rings for acceleration or top-up, accumulation, collision and cooling. Multi-aperture permanent magnets are possible to cheaply and compactly build ring systems with several stable orbits separated by a few cm.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXC07
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
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TUPAB028	Permanent Magnets Future Electron Ion Colliders at RHIC and LHeC	linac, electron, focusing, collider	1401
	D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, V. Litvinenko, T. Roser BNL, Upton, New York, USA G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA V. Litvinenko Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We present a new ’green energy’ approach to the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) and Recirculating Linac Accelerators (RLA) for the future Electron Ion Colliders (EIC) using single beam line made of very strong focusing combined function permanent magnets and the Fixed Field Alternating Linear Gradient (FFA-LG) principle. We are basing our design on recent very successful commissioning results of the Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory ERL Test Accelerator.
	Poster TUPAB028 [2.720 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB028
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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TUPAB030	Superb Fixed Field Permanent Magnet Proton Therapy Gantry	proton, radiation, hadron, MMI	1405
	D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, T. Roser, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We present the top notch design of the proton therapy gantry made of permanent magnets with very strong focusing. This represents a superb solution fulfilling all cancer treatment requirements for all energies without changing any parameters. The proton energy range is between 60-250 MeV. The beam arrives to the patient focused at each required treatment energy. The scanning system is place between the end of the gantry and the patient. There are multiple advantages of this design: easy operation, no significant electrical power - just for the correction system, low weight, low cost. The design is based on the recent very successful commissioning of the permanent magnet ERL ’CBETA’ at Cornell University.
	Poster TUPAB030 [7.816 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB030
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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TUPAB365	Demonstration of ‘ZEPTO’ Permanent Magnet Technology on Diamond Light Source	quadrupole, vacuum, lattice, radiation	2370
	A.R. Bainbridge, B.J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom N. Krumpa STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom I.P.S. Martin, W. Tizzano DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The use of permanent magnets (PM’s) in place of traditional electromagnets is becoming more common in accelerator systems around the world. This change is being driven by the desire to reduce both the energy costs and carbon footprint of accelerators. However, the problem remains that it is difficult to adjust the field strength of PM systems. STFC and CERN have a longstanding collaboration in the Zero-Power Tuneable Optics (ZEPTO) project which aims to develop PM systems that are tuneable via moving the PM blocks within a static pole structure. This collaboration has previously produced 3 prototype magnets (2 quadrupoles and 1 dipole) for the proposed CLIC accelerator and aims to expand suitability to a variety of accelerators. We are now demonstrating this technology on a real machine by installing a ZEPTO magnet on Diamond Light Source. We outline the design, construction, and improvement of this technology demonstrator, highlighting the innovations over previous generations of ZEPTO technology that account for previously observed drawbacks.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB365
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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TUPAB368	Design of the Longitudinal Gradient Dipole Magnets for HALF	dipole, storage-ring, lattice, emittance	2378
	M.Y. Mingyao Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China G.Y. Feng, Z.L. Ren, H. Xu USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
	Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is the fourth generation diffraction-limited storage ring light source project in China. The lattice of the storage ring consists of six different dipoles with longitudinal gradients. The longitudinal-gradient dipoles (LGBs) are permanent magnets. This paper presents the designed construction of LGBs and the magnetic field results using OPERA3D. By optimizing the shape of the polar surface, the magnetic field uniformity is optimized to about 5×10^-4. With some movable adjusting block, the magnetic field can be controlled accurately. The temperature stability of the magnet is better than 0.0074 T*mm/°C by setting temperature compensating shunt.
	Poster TUPAB368 [0.862 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB368
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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TUPAB373	Design of a Delta-type Superconducting Undulator at the IHEP	undulator, polarization, photon, radiation	2391
	J.H. Wei IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China C.D. Deng DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China L. Gong, X.Y. Li, X.C. Yang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Y. Li DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Undulators play an important role in the 4th generation radiation light source. In order to satisfy different requirements of the experiments, various undulator structures have been proposed. The Delta-type undulator can provide circular polarized radiation. Conventional undulators are usually made of permanent magnets, but the application of the superconducting technology in the undulator is developing quickly. Compared to the permanent magnet undulators, superconducting undulators can provide higher photon flux with the same magnetic pole gap and period length, especially when the period length is longer than 20 mm. An R&D project is underway to produce a protype of a Delta-type superconducting undulator with 28 mm long period and 12 mm gap at the IHEP. The structure design and the simulation results of the magnetic field are presented in this paper.
	Poster TUPAB373 [1.752 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB373
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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WEPAB128	Recent Experience with Magnet Sorting for APS-U Hybrid Undulators	undulator, quadrupole, photon, synchrotron	2910
	I. Vasserman, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. The quality of permanent magnets plays a particularly important role in undulator performance. Many different types of magnet sorting to enhance undulator performance have been carried out at different facilities. Meanwhile, progress in improving magnet quality has been made by different vendors. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) we have assembled, measured, and analyzed over 14 new undulators of the same mechanical design, some of them with sorted magnets and some unsorted. The performance differences appear to be insignificant in meeting the tight APS Upgrade (APS-U) undulator requirements.
	Poster WEPAB128 [0.395 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB128
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
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WEPAB129	A New Method of Undulator Phase Tuning with Mechanical Shimming	undulator, MMI, radiation, operation	2912
	M.F. Qian, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DEAC02-06CH11357. We developed a new method for tuning the undulator phase errors by shimming the undulator gap profile mechanically. First, the phase errors of a device are calculated based on the initial field measurement; then the desired field strength modulation along the device length is derived from the phase errors; and finally, the gap profile is mechanically shimmed to produce the desire field strength modulation. The method has been successfully applied to the tuning of many new and reused APS Upgrade (APS-U) hybrid permanent magnet undulators. The method is especially effective for tuning the legacy undulators with large phase errors. For instance, an old 33-mm-period undulator with a 23 degree initial rms phase error largely due to radiation damage has been tuned to better than 3 degrees.
	Poster WEPAB129 [0.500 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB129
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021
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WEPAB130	Experience with Algorithm-Guided Tuning of APS-U Undulators	undulator, radiation, MMI, electron	2915
	M.F. Qian, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is undergoing a major upgrade to its storage ring. The APS Upgrade (APS-U) project plans to build over 40 new hybrid permanent magnet undulators (HPMUs) and rebuild over 20 existing HPMUs. To meet the APS-U undulator requirements, the quality of the undulator magnetic field needs to be fine-tuned to the specifications. The traditional methods that depend on the tuning specialist experience are not desirable for tuning large quantities of undulators. We developed algorithms that automate the tuning of permanent magnet undulators. For tuning of the undulator trajectory and phase, the algorithms optimize the tuning parameters with differential evolution-based global optimization. The algorithms have been successfully applied to over 18 APS HPMUs. The results and experiences of the tuning are reported in detail.
	Poster WEPAB130 [0.543 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB130
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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THPAB007	Technology Spinoff and Lessons Learned from the 4-Turn ERL CBETA	cavity, radiation, SRF, linac	3762
	K.E. Deitrick, N. Banerjee, A.C. Bartnik, D.C. Burke, J.A. Crittenden, J. Dobbins, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, Y. Li, W. Lou, P. Quigley, D. Sagan, K.W. Smolenski Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, R.L. Hulsart, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, R.J. Michnoff, S. Peggs, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, New York, USA T. Miyajima KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator (CBETA) developed several energy-saving measures: multi-turn energy recovery, low-loss superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities, and permanent magnets. With green technology becoming imperative for new high-power accelerators, the lessons learned will be important for projects like the FCC-ee or new light sources, where spinoffs and lessons learned from CBETA are already considered for modern designs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB007
About •	paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021
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THPAB040	A Phase Shifter for Inline Undulators at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project	undulator, photon, electron, radiation	3830
	E.R. Moog, R.J. Dejus, A.T. Donnelly, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357. Several undulator lines for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will consist of two inline undulators. In order to keep the undulators operating with optimal phasing over the full range of gaps, a phase shifter will be included between the undulators. A design has been developed for a phase shifter that will serve for a variety of undulator period lengths and gap ranges. The permanent-magnet phase shifter will use SmCo magnets to reduce the risk of radiation-induced demagnetization. The available space between the undulators is tight, so magnetic shields are placed between the undulators, the phase shifter, and the corrector magnet that is also located in the inter-undulator space. While these shields guard against magnetic cross-talk between the devices as the undulator and phase shifter gaps change, they do have an effect on the end fields of the devices. These end-field effects are examined and relevant tolerances are set and presented.
	Poster THPAB040 [0.429 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB040
About •	paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021
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THPAB050	Compact Hybrid Planar Permanent Magnet Undulator Design for the APS Upgrade	undulator, ECR, lattice, photon	3859
	M. Abliz, M. Borland, J.H. Grimmer, J.S. Kerby, M. Ramanathan, A. Xiao ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	We report on the successful design of a compact 28-mm period hybrid planar permanent magnet (HPPM) undulator for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project. The design produces a peak field of 9750 G at a gap of 8.5 mm, with a pole width reduced to 35 mm as compared to the planar undulators currently in use at the Advanced Photon Source. The design includes a detailed investigation into the origin of the HPPM undulator demagnetization. We report on a finding of an optimization method that reduces the demagnetization field and increases the field at the gap center of the design. It includes an optimization of the pole edges to increase the field and decrease roll-off in the transverse direction. Further design optimizations include analyses of the mechanical assembly tolerances and comparison with the original design before building the device. Beam physics analyses included kick-map analysis, dynamic acceptance (DA), local momentum acceptance (LMA), and Touschek lifetime of this design were performed with the 42-pm lattice of the APS-U. Detailed magnetic design, effective field, field roll-off, magnetic force, and tracking results are reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB050
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021
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THPAB085	Status of Insertion Device Tuning for the APS Upgrade	undulator, storage-ring, photon, MMI	3966
	R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.M. TerHAAR, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project is developing a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice at 6.0-GeV beam energy to replace the existing APS storage ring lattice operating at 7.0 GeV. One of the key components of the project is to design, fabricate, and install optimized insertion devices (IDs) for 35 beamlines. A plan was developed to standardize on four new undulator period lengths for 44 new undulators and to reuse 23 existing undulators with four more different period lengths. Early in the Upgrade project we anticipated there would be large challenges in meeting the tight fabrication and tuning schedules so that all undulators would be ready for installation in the upgraded storage ring prior to beam commissioning. With recent developments and techniques used in the magnetic measurement laboratory, we have successfully tuned many of the new and reused undulators to demanding magnetic field requirements. We will report on the tools and techniques used and on results to date.
	Poster THPAB085 [0.890 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB085
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021
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THPAB141	Novel Design of a HVDC Magnetized Electron Source	cathode, solenoid, gun, simulation	4034
	O.H. Rahman, J. Skaritka, E. Wang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The hadron beam in EIC is flat with a transverse size ratio of about 1:3. The cooling rate of the hadron beam can be maximized if the electron beam from the strong hadron cooler fully overlaps with the hadron beam. Therefore, generating a flat electron beam is essential. The most efficient way to generate a flat electron beam is to produce a magnetized beam first, and then convert it to flat to the desired transverse size ratio. Using a Magnetized electron beam is a promising way to cool high-energy hadrons. One of the major challenges in producing magnetized beams is fine-tuning the longitudinal magnetic field on the cathode surface and maintaining the desired field uniformity over the emission area. In this paper, we discuss the design of a novel high voltage DC gun capable of fine-tuning the B field on the cathode. This is achieved by installing a permanent magnet inside the cathode puck, with a solenoid field at the front of the cathode. We show magnetostatic simulation to prove the feasibility of this idea. We also show preliminary beam dynamics simulations showing emittance from the gun as the permanent magnet and solenoidal fields are tuned for minimum emittance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB141
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021
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THPAB230	Design of Split Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for Small Aperture Implementation	quadrupole, electron, focusing, simulation	4247
	I.I. Gadjev, G. Andonian, T.J. Campese, M. Ruelas RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA C.C. Hall RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
	Permanent magnet quadrupoles are ideal for strong focusing in compact footprints. Recent research in the use of permanent magnet based quadrupole magnets has enabled very high-gradient uses approaching 800T/m in final focus systems. However, in order to achieve high quality field profiles with strong fields, small diameter bore magnets must be used necessitating in vacuum operation, or very small beampipes. For small beampipe geometry, we have developed a hybrid-permanent magnet quadrupole, with steel and permanent magnet wedges, that is able to maintain high quality fields but also readily machinable in a separable design. The split design allows for accurate and reproducible reconfiguration on a beam pipe. In this paper, we will discuss the design, engineering, fabrication and first measurements of the split permanent magnet quadrupole.
	Poster THPAB230 [1.605 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB230
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

TUXC07

Modified Halbach Magnets for Emerging Accelerator Applications

quadrupole, dipole, collider, electron

1315

S.J. Brooks
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The original circular Halbach magnet design creates a strong pure multipole field from permanent magnet pieces without intervening iron. This design has been extended recently at the CBETA 4-turn ERL, whose return loop includes combined-function (dipole+quadrupole) Halbach-derived magnets, plus a modular system of tuning shims to improve all 216 magnets’ relative field accuracy to better than 10^-3. This paper describes further modifications of the Halbach design enable a larger range of accelerator applications in the future: (1) open-midplane designs to allow synchrotron radiation in light sources and other high-energy electron rings, ERLs or RLAs to escape. (2) Quadrupole magnets with an oval aperture allow larger gradients than a circular aperture, provided the beam is more extended in one axis than the other, as usual for a quadrupole in a focussing system. These can be used in compact hadron therapy gantries. (3) New collider complexes often require multiple rings for acceleration or top-up, accumulation, collision and cooling. Multi-aperture permanent magnets are possible to cheaply and compactly build ring systems with several stable orbits separated by a few cm.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUXC07

About •

paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

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TUPAB028

Permanent Magnets Future Electron Ion Colliders at RHIC and LHeC

linac, electron, focusing, collider

1401

D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, V. Litvinenko, T. Roser
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
V. Litvinenko
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We present a new ’green energy’ approach to the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) and Recirculating Linac Accelerators (RLA) for the future Electron Ion Colliders (EIC) using single beam line made of very strong focusing combined function permanent magnets and the Fixed Field Alternating Linear Gradient (FFA-LG) principle. We are basing our design on recent very successful commissioning results of the Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory ERL Test Accelerator.

Poster TUPAB028 [2.720 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB028

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 27 May 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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TUPAB030

Superb Fixed Field Permanent Magnet Proton Therapy Gantry

proton, radiation, hadron, MMI

1405

D. Trbojevic, S.J. Brooks, T. Roser, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We present the top notch design of the proton therapy gantry made of permanent magnets with very strong focusing. This represents a superb solution fulfilling all cancer treatment requirements for all energies without changing any parameters. The proton energy range is between 60-250 MeV. The beam arrives to the patient focused at each required treatment energy. The scanning system is place between the end of the gantry and the patient. There are multiple advantages of this design: easy operation, no significant electrical power - just for the correction system, low weight, low cost. The design is based on the recent very successful commissioning of the permanent magnet ERL ’CBETA’ at Cornell University.

Poster TUPAB030 [7.816 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB030

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paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 07 June 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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TUPAB365

Demonstration of ‘ZEPTO’ Permanent Magnet Technology on Diamond Light Source

quadrupole, vacuum, lattice, radiation

2370

A.R. Bainbridge, B.J.A. Shepherd
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
N. Krumpa
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
I.P.S. Martin, W. Tizzano
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The use of permanent magnets (PM’s) in place of traditional electromagnets is becoming more common in accelerator systems around the world. This change is being driven by the desire to reduce both the energy costs and carbon footprint of accelerators. However, the problem remains that it is difficult to adjust the field strength of PM systems. STFC and CERN have a longstanding collaboration in the Zero-Power Tuneable Optics (ZEPTO) project which aims to develop PM systems that are tuneable via moving the PM blocks within a static pole structure. This collaboration has previously produced 3 prototype magnets (2 quadrupoles and 1 dipole) for the proposed CLIC accelerator and aims to expand suitability to a variety of accelerators. We are now demonstrating this technology on a real machine by installing a ZEPTO magnet on Diamond Light Source. We outline the design, construction, and improvement of this technology demonstrator, highlighting the innovations over previous generations of ZEPTO technology that account for previously observed drawbacks.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB365

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paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 22 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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TUPAB368

Design of the Longitudinal Gradient Dipole Magnets for HALF

dipole, storage-ring, lattice, emittance

2378

M.Y. Mingyao
Wang, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
G.Y. Feng, Z.L. Ren, H. Xu
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is the fourth generation diffraction-limited storage ring light source project in China. The lattice of the storage ring consists of six different dipoles with longitudinal gradients. The longitudinal-gradient dipoles (LGBs) are permanent magnets. This paper presents the designed construction of LGBs and the magnetic field results using OPERA3D. By optimizing the shape of the polar surface, the magnetic field uniformity is optimized to about 5×10^-4. With some movable adjusting block, the magnetic field can be controlled accurately. The temperature stability of the magnet is better than 0.0074 T*mm/°C by setting temperature compensating shunt.

Poster TUPAB368 [0.862 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB368

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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TUPAB373

Design of a Delta-type Superconducting Undulator at the IHEP

undulator, polarization, photon, radiation

2391

J.H. Wei
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
C.D. Deng
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
L. Gong, X.Y. Li, X.C. Yang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Y. Li
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Undulators play an important role in the 4th generation radiation light source. In order to satisfy different requirements of the experiments, various undulator structures have been proposed. The Delta-type undulator can provide circular polarized radiation. Conventional undulators are usually made of permanent magnets, but the application of the superconducting technology in the undulator is developing quickly. Compared to the permanent magnet undulators, superconducting undulators can provide higher photon flux with the same magnetic pole gap and period length, especially when the period length is longer than 20 mm. An R&D project is underway to produce a protype of a Delta-type superconducting undulator with 28 mm long period and 12 mm gap at the IHEP. The structure design and the simulation results of the magnetic field are presented in this paper.

Poster TUPAB373 [1.752 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-TUPAB373

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 18 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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WEPAB128

Recent Experience with Magnet Sorting for APS-U Hybrid Undulators

undulator, quadrupole, photon, synchrotron

2910

I. Vasserman, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The quality of permanent magnets plays a particularly important role in undulator performance. Many different types of magnet sorting to enhance undulator performance have been carried out at different facilities. Meanwhile, progress in improving magnet quality has been made by different vendors. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) we have assembled, measured, and analyzed over 14 new undulators of the same mechanical design, some of them with sorted magnets and some unsorted. The performance differences appear to be insignificant in meeting the tight APS Upgrade (APS-U) undulator requirements.

Poster WEPAB128 [0.395 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB128

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paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 09 June 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

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WEPAB129

A New Method of Undulator Phase Tuning with Mechanical Shimming

undulator, MMI, radiation, operation

2912

M.F. Qian, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DEAC02-06CH11357.
We developed a new method for tuning the undulator phase errors by shimming the undulator gap profile mechanically. First, the phase errors of a device are calculated based on the initial field measurement; then the desired field strength modulation along the device length is derived from the phase errors; and finally, the gap profile is mechanically shimmed to produce the desire field strength modulation. The method has been successfully applied to the tuning of many new and reused APS Upgrade (APS-U) hybrid permanent magnet undulators. The method is especially effective for tuning the legacy undulators with large phase errors. For instance, an old 33-mm-period undulator with a 23 degree initial rms phase error largely due to radiation damage has been tuned to better than 3 degrees.

Poster WEPAB129 [0.500 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB129

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 13 August 2021

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WEPAB130

Experience with Algorithm-Guided Tuning of APS-U Undulators

undulator, radiation, MMI, electron

2915

M.F. Qian, R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is undergoing a major upgrade to its storage ring. The APS Upgrade (APS-U) project plans to build over 40 new hybrid permanent magnet undulators (HPMUs) and rebuild over 20 existing HPMUs. To meet the APS-U undulator requirements, the quality of the undulator magnetic field needs to be fine-tuned to the specifications. The traditional methods that depend on the tuning specialist experience are not desirable for tuning large quantities of undulators. We developed algorithms that automate the tuning of permanent magnet undulators. For tuning of the undulator trajectory and phase, the algorithms optimize the tuning parameters with differential evolution-based global optimization. The algorithms have been successfully applied to over 18 APS HPMUs. The results and experiences of the tuning are reported in detail.

Poster WEPAB130 [0.543 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB130

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 24 June 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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THPAB007

Technology Spinoff and Lessons Learned from the 4-Turn ERL CBETA

cavity, radiation, SRF, linac

3762

K.E. Deitrick, N. Banerjee, A.C. Bartnik, D.C. Burke, J.A. Crittenden, J. Dobbins, C.M. Gulliford, G.H. Hoffstaetter, Y. Li, W. Lou, P. Quigley, D. Sagan, K.W. Smolenski
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
J.S. Berg, S.J. Brooks, R.L. Hulsart, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, R.J. Michnoff, S. Peggs, T. Roser, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
T. Miyajima
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator (CBETA) developed several energy-saving measures: multi-turn energy recovery, low-loss superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities, and permanent magnets. With green technology becoming imperative for new high-power accelerators, the lessons learned will be important for projects like the FCC-ee or new light sources, where spinoffs and lessons learned from CBETA are already considered for modern designs.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB007

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paper received ※ 20 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021 issue date ※ 12 August 2021

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THPAB040

A Phase Shifter for Inline Undulators at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project

undulator, photon, electron, radiation

3830

E.R. Moog, R.J. Dejus, A.T. Donnelly, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357.
Several undulator lines for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will consist of two inline undulators. In order to keep the undulators operating with optimal phasing over the full range of gaps, a phase shifter will be included between the undulators. A design has been developed for a phase shifter that will serve for a variety of undulator period lengths and gap ranges. The permanent-magnet phase shifter will use SmCo magnets to reduce the risk of radiation-induced demagnetization. The available space between the undulators is tight, so magnetic shields are placed between the undulators, the phase shifter, and the corrector magnet that is also located in the inter-undulator space. While these shields guard against magnetic cross-talk between the devices as the undulator and phase shifter gaps change, they do have an effect on the end fields of the devices. These end-field effects are examined and relevant tolerances are set and presented.

Poster THPAB040 [0.429 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB040

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paper received ※ 23 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 14 August 2021

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THPAB050

Compact Hybrid Planar Permanent Magnet Undulator Design for the APS Upgrade

undulator, ECR, lattice, photon

3859

M. Abliz, M. Borland, J.H. Grimmer, J.S. Kerby, M. Ramanathan, A. Xiao
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

We report on the successful design of a compact 28-mm period hybrid planar permanent magnet (HPPM) undulator for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project. The design produces a peak field of 9750 G at a gap of 8.5 mm, with a pole width reduced to 35 mm as compared to the planar undulators currently in use at the Advanced Photon Source. The design includes a detailed investigation into the origin of the HPPM undulator demagnetization. We report on a finding of an optimization method that reduces the demagnetization field and increases the field at the gap center of the design. It includes an optimization of the pole edges to increase the field and decrease roll-off in the transverse direction. Further design optimizations include analyses of the mechanical assembly tolerances and comparison with the original design before building the device. Beam physics analyses included kick-map analysis, dynamic acceptance (DA), local momentum acceptance (LMA), and Touschek lifetime of this design were performed with the 42-pm lattice of the APS-U. Detailed magnetic design, effective field, field roll-off, magnetic force, and tracking results are reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB050

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paper received ※ 14 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 01 September 2021 issue date ※ 21 August 2021

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THPAB085

Status of Insertion Device Tuning for the APS Upgrade

undulator, storage-ring, photon, MMI

3966

R.J. Dejus, Y. Piao, M.F. Qian, J.M. TerHAAR, I. Vasserman, J.Z. Xu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE AC02-06CH11357.
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project is developing a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice at 6.0-GeV beam energy to replace the existing APS storage ring lattice operating at 7.0 GeV. One of the key components of the project is to design, fabricate, and install optimized insertion devices (IDs) for 35 beamlines. A plan was developed to standardize on four new undulator period lengths for 44 new undulators and to reuse 23 existing undulators with four more different period lengths. Early in the Upgrade project we anticipated there would be large challenges in meeting the tight fabrication and tuning schedules so that all undulators would be ready for installation in the upgraded storage ring prior to beam commissioning. With recent developments and techniques used in the magnetic measurement laboratory, we have successfully tuned many of the new and reused undulators to demanding magnetic field requirements. We will report on the tools and techniques used and on results to date.

Poster THPAB085 [0.890 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB085

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 21 June 2021 issue date ※ 15 August 2021

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THPAB141

Novel Design of a HVDC Magnetized Electron Source

cathode, solenoid, gun, simulation

4034

O.H. Rahman, J. Skaritka, E. Wang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The hadron beam in EIC is flat with a transverse size ratio of about 1:3. The cooling rate of the hadron beam can be maximized if the electron beam from the strong hadron cooler fully overlaps with the hadron beam. Therefore, generating a flat electron beam is essential. The most efficient way to generate a flat electron beam is to produce a magnetized beam first, and then convert it to flat to the desired transverse size ratio. Using a Magnetized electron beam is a promising way to cool high-energy hadrons. One of the major challenges in producing magnetized beams is fine-tuning the longitudinal magnetic field on the cathode surface and maintaining the desired field uniformity over the emission area. In this paper, we discuss the design of a novel high voltage DC gun capable of fine-tuning the B field on the cathode. This is achieved by installing a permanent magnet inside the cathode puck, with a solenoid field at the front of the cathode. We show magnetostatic simulation to prove the feasibility of this idea. We also show preliminary beam dynamics simulations showing emittance from the gun as the permanent magnet and solenoidal fields are tuned for minimum emittance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB141

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paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 02 August 2021 issue date ※ 17 August 2021

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THPAB230

Design of Split Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for Small Aperture Implementation

quadrupole, electron, focusing, simulation

4247

I.I. Gadjev, G. Andonian, T.J. Campese, M. Ruelas
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
C.C. Hall
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Permanent magnet quadrupoles are ideal for strong focusing in compact footprints. Recent research in the use of permanent magnet based quadrupole magnets has enabled very high-gradient uses approaching 800T/m in final focus systems. However, in order to achieve high quality field profiles with strong fields, small diameter bore magnets must be used necessitating in vacuum operation, or very small beampipes. For small beampipe geometry, we have developed a hybrid-permanent magnet quadrupole, with steel and permanent magnet wedges, that is able to maintain high quality fields but also readily machinable in a separable design. The split design allows for accurate and reproducible reconfiguration on a beam pipe. In this paper, we will discuss the design, engineering, fabrication and first measurements of the split permanent magnet quadrupole.

Poster THPAB230 [1.605 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB230

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paper received ※ 15 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 08 July 2021 issue date ※ 30 August 2021

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