IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYBA01	The Very High Intensity Future	target, linac, ion, heavy-ion	17
	J. Wei FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 This paper surveys the key technologies and design challenges that form a basis for the next generation of very high intensity hadron accelerators, including projects operating, under construction, and under design for science and applications at MW beam power level.
	Slides MOYBA01 [7.187 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOYBA01
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MOOCA03	Design of High-power Graphene Beam Window	scattering, emittance, target, Windows	45
	H.J. Wang, H.T. Jing, H. Qu, J.Y. Tang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Beam window is a key device in high-intensity hadron beam applications, and it is usually used to separate air or other gas environments in the end of beam vacuum duct. Compared with the usually-used window materials such as Inconel alloy, Aluminum alloy and so on, the graphene has extremely high thermal conductivity, high strength and high transparency to high-energy ions. With the maturation of large-size graphene manufacturing technology, we have studied this new-type window for MW-class proton beam. The thermal analyses by the theoretical formula and simulations based on FEA are presented in this paper. Simultaneously, the scattering effect and the lifetime are also discussed. The preliminary results are promising. The same material can also be possibly applied to other devices such as charge-exchange stripping foils, beam monitors and so on.
	Slides MOOCA03 [1.467 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOOCA03
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MOPRO011	Employing Twin Crabbing Cavities to Address Variable Transverse Coupling of Beams in the MEIC*	electron, solenoid, cavity, coupling	80
	A. Castilla DCI-UG, León, Mexico A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	Funding: *Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The design strategy of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab contemplates both matching of the emittance aspect ratios and a 50 mrad crossing angle along with crab crossing scheme for both electron and ion beams over the energy range (√s=20-70 GeV) to achieve high luminosities at the interaction points (IPs). However, the desired locations for placing the crabbing cavities may include regions where the transverse degrees of freedom of the beams are coupled with variable coupling strength that depends on the collider rings’ magnetic elements (solenoids and skew quadrupoles). In this work we explore the feasibility of employing twin rf dipoles that produce a variable direction crabbing kick to account for a range of transverse coupling of both beams.
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MOPRO019	Energy Deposition and Quench Level Calculations for Millisecond and Steady-state Quench Tests of LHC Arc Quadrupoles at 4 TeV	simulation, beam-losses, quadrupole, operation	105
	N.V. Shetty, B. Auchmann, V. Chetvertkova, A. Lechner, A. Priebe, M. Sapinski, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2013, beam-induced quench tests with 4 TeV protons were performed to probe the quench level of LHC arc quadrupole magnets at timescales corresponding to millisecond beam losses and steady-state losses. As the energy deposition in magnet coils cannot be measured directly, this study presents corresponding FLUKA simulations as well as estimates of quench levels derived with the QP3 code. Furthermore, beam loss monitor (BLM) signals were simulated and benchmarked against the measurements. Simulated and measured BLM signals are generally found to agree within 30 percent.
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MOPRO021	Power Deposition in LHC Magnets With and Without Dispersion Suppressor Collimators Downstream of the Betatron Cleaning Insertion	simulation, dipole, operation, collimation	112
	A. Lechner, B. Auchmann, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, P.P. Granieri, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli, N.V. Shetty, E. Skordis, G.E. Steele, A.P. Verweij CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The power deposited in dispersion suppressor (DS) magnets downstream of the LHC betatron cleaning insertion is governed by off-momentum protons which predominantly originate from single-diffractive interactions in primary collimators. With higher beam energy and intensities anticipated in future operation, these clustered proton losses could possibly induce magnet quenches during periods of short beam lifetime. In this paper, we present FLUKA simulations for nominal 7 TeV operation, comparing the existing layout with alternative layouts where selected DS dipoles are substituted by pairs of shorter higher-field magnets and a collimator. Power densities predicted for different collimator settings are compared against present estimates of quench limits. Further, the expected reduction factor due to DS collimators is evaluated.
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MOPRO039	Integrated Simulation Tools for Collimation Cleaning in HL-LHC	simulation, collimation, scattering, lattice	160
	R. Bruce, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, A. Marsili, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Appleby, J. Molson, M. Serluca UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.W. Aßmann DESY, Hamburg, Germany R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom S.M. Gibson, L.J. Nevay Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain C. Tambasco University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
	The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accommodate an unprecedented stored beam energy of 362~MJ in the nominal configuration and about the double in the high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC that is presently under study. This requires an efficient collimation system to protect the superconducting magnets from quenches. During the design, it is therefore very important to accurately predict the expected beam loss distributions and cleaning efficiency. For this purpose, there are several ongoing efforts in improving the existing simulation tools or developing new ones. This paper gives a brief overview and status of the different available codes.
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MOPRO041	Multi-turn Tracking of Collision Products at the LHC	simulation, luminosity, betatron, optics	166
	A. Marsili, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404 The luminosity expected at the interaction points in LHC at 7 TeV will be unprecedented, up to 1034 cm−2 s−1 . Part of the debris produced by the collisions is lost locally im- mediately downstream the Interaction Point (IP), in the matching section and dispersion suppressor. In this paper, the dynamics of collision debris protons is discussed. First, the loss distributions close to the collision points, simulated with two codes – SixTrack and FLUKA – are compared for different layout configurations. Then, SixTrack is used to simulate the fraction of protons that have undergone inelastic interactions with smaller energy and and betatron offsets, which could travel for several turns around the ring and might be lost in other collimation insertions. A preliminary comparison is made between the resulting loss distribution and measurements.
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MOPRO042	Cleaning Performance with 11T Dipoles and Local Dispersion Suppressor Collimation at the LHC	dipole, optics, collimation, simulation	170
	R. Bruce, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The limiting location of the present LHC machine in terms of losses on cold magnets are the dispersion suppressors downstream of the betatron collimation insertion (IR7). These losses are dominated by off-energy protons that have by-passed the upstream secondary collimation system but are lost where the dispersion starts to rise. A solution under consideration for intercepting these losses is the addition of new collimators in the dispersive area. This paper discusses first a proposition for the new layout in the DS, where space is made for the new collimators by replacing an existing dipole by shorter and stronger magnets. Furthermore, simulations with SixTrack are presented, which quantify the gain in cleaning from the new collimators.
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MOPRO043	Handling 1 MW Losses with the LHC Collimation System	collimation, simulation, beam-losses, betatron	174
	B. Salvachua, R. Bruce, F. Carra, M. Cauchi, E.B. Holzer, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, L. Lari, D. Mirarchi, E. Nebot Del Busto, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, M. Sapinski, R. Schmidt, G. Valentino, D. Valuch, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Cauchi UoM, Msida, Malta L. Lari IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC (Grant agree. 284404) The LHC superconducting magnets in the dispersion suppressor of IR7 are the most exposed to beam losses leaking from the betatron collimation system and represent the main limitation for the halo cleaning. In 2013, quench tests were performed at 4 TeV to improve the quench limit estimates, which determine the maximum allowed beam loss rate for a given collimation cleaning. The main goal of the collimation quench test was to try to quench the magnets by increasing losses at the collimators. Losses of up to 1 MW over a few seconds were generated by blowing up the beam, achieving total losses of about 5.8 MJ. These controlled losses exceeded by a factor 2 the collimation design value, and the magnets did not quench.
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MOPRO046	Comparison of MERLIN/SixTrack for LHC Collimation Studies	collimation, optics, scattering, simulation	185
	M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom R. Bruce, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C. Tambasco University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
	Simulations of the LHC collimation system have been carried out in previous years with the well known SixTrack code with collimation features. MERLIN is a C++ accelerator physics library that has been extended to perform collimation studies. The main features of the code are: its modular nature, allowing the user to easily implement new physics processes such as resistive wakefields and synchrotron radiation, improved scattering routines and the MPI protocol for parallel execution. MERLIN has been configured to use the same scattering routines as SixTrack in order to benchmark the code for the LHC collimation system. In this paper we present a detailed comparison between MERLIN and SixTrack for optics and cleaning inefficiency calculation.
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MOPRO116	Mechanical Engineering and Design of Novel Collimators for HL-LHC	impedance, operation, experiment, collimation	369
	F. Carra, A. Bertarelli, A. Dallocchio, L. Gentini, P. Gradassi, A. Manousos, N. Mariani, G. Maîtrejean, N. Mounet, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In view of LHC intensity upgrades, collimator materials may become a limit to the machine performance: the high RF impedance of Carbon-Carbon composites can lead to beam instabilities, while the Tungsten alloy adopted in tertiary collimators exhibits low robustness in case of beam-induced accidents. An R&D program has been pursued to develop new materials overcoming such limitations. Molybdenum-Graphite, in addition to its outstanding thermal conductivity, can be coated with pure molybdenum, reducing collimator impedance by a factor of 10. A new secondary collimator is being designed around this novel composite. New high-melting materials are also proposed to improve the robustness of tertiary collimators. All the new collimators will be equipped with BPMs, significantly enhancing the alignment speed and the beta-star reach. This implies additional constraints of space, as well as detailed static and fatigue calculations on cables and connectors. This paper describes the mechanical design and the engineering calculations of such future collimators, focusing on the study via state-of-the-art numerical methods of interactions between the particle beams and the new materials adopted.
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MOPME032	PIC Simulations in Low Energy Part of PIP-II Proton Linac	rfq, simulation, emittance, linac	448
	G.V. Romanov Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The front end of PIP-II linac is composed of a 30 keV ion source, low energy beam transport line (LEBT), 2.1 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and medium energy beam transport line (MEBT). This configuration is currently being assembled at Fermilab to support a complete systems test. The front end represents the primary technical risk with PIP-II, and so this step will validate the concept and demonstrate that the hardware can meet the specified requirements. SC accelerating cavities right after MEBT require high quality and well defined beam after RFQ to avoid excessive particle losses. In this paper we will present recent progress of beam dynamic study, using CST PIC simulation code, to investigate partial neutralization effect in LEBT, halo and tail formation in RFQ, total emittance growth and beam losses along low energy part of the linac.
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MOPME045	Overview on the Design of the Machine Protection System for ESS	target, status, neutron, beam-losses	472
	A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Scope of the Machine Protection System (MPS) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to protect equipment located in the accelerator, target station, neutron instruments and conventional facilities, from damage induced by beam losses or malfunctioning equipment. The MPS design function is to inhibit beam production within a few microseconds for the fastest failures at a safety integrity level of SIL2 according to the IEC61508 standard. These requirements result from a hazard and risk analysis being performed for the all systems at ESS. In a next step the architecture and topology of the distributed machine interlock system has been developed and will be presented. At the same time as MPS seeks to protect equipment it must protect the beam by avoiding triggering false stops of beam production, leading to unnecessary downtime of the ESS facility.
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MOPME047	Comparison of the Results of a Hydrodynamic Tunneling Experiment with Iterative FLUKA and BIG2 Simulations	target, simulation, experiment, collider	479
	F. Burkart, J. Blanco, D. Grenier, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N.A. Tahir GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In 2012, a novel experiment has been performed at the CERN HiRadMat facility to study the impact of a 440 GeV proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), on extended solid copper cylindrical targets. Substantial hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons in the target material has been observed. Iterative FLUKA and BIG2 simulations with the parameters of the actual experiment have been performed. In this paper the results of these simulations will be discussed and compared to the experimental measurements. Furthermore, the implication on the machine protection design for high intensity hadron accelerators as the current LHC and the future High Luminosity LHC will be addressed.
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MOPRI005	The AWAKE Experimental Facility at CERN	electron, plasma, laser, experiment	582
	E. Gschwendtner, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, S. Cipiccia, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, C. Heßler, W. Höfle, M. Martyanov, M. Meddahi, J.A. Osborne, A. Pardons, A.V. Petrenko, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	AWAKE, an Advanced Wakefield Experiment is launched at CERN to verify the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration concept. Proton bunches at 400 GeV/c will be extracted from the CERN SPS and sent along a 750m long proton line to the plasma cell, a Rubidium vapour source, where the proton beam drives wakefields reaching accelerating gradients at the order of gigavolt per meter. A high power laser pulse will co-propagate within the proton bunch creating the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas. An electron beam will be injected into the plasma cell to probe the accelerating wakefield. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the CNGS facility. First proton beam to the plasma cell is expected by end 2016. The design of the experimental area and the integration of the new beam-lines as well as the experimental equipment will be shown. The needed modifications of the infrastructure in the facility will be presented.
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MOPRI007	Design and Simulation of a High Intensity Muon Beam Production for Neutrino Experiments.	target, solenoid, emittance, factory	589
	H. K. Sayed, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The production process of pions which then decay into muons, yields a muon beam with large transverse and longitudinal emittances. Such beam requires phase space manipulation to reduce the total 6D emittance before it could go through any acceleration stage. The design of the muon beam manipulation is based on Neutrino Factory front end design. In this study we report on a multi objective - multivariable global optimization of the front end using parallel genetic algorithm. The parallel optimization algorithm and the optimization strategy will be discussed and the optimized results will be presented as well.
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MOPRI012	High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37	plasma, emittance, ion, extraction	604
	I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.
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MOPRI070	2MeV Electron Cooler for COSY and HESR – First Results	electron, experiment, operation, heavy-ion	765
	V. Kamerdzhiev, U. Bechstedt, F.M. Esser, O. Felden, R. Gebel, A.J. Halama, F. Klehr, G. Langenberg, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, K. Reimers, M. Retzlaff, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle FZJ, Jülich, Germany N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.M. Kruchkov, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, V.B. Reva, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J. Dietrich HIM, Mainz, Germany T. Katayama Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan L.J. Mao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The 2 MeV electron cooler was installed in the COSY ring in the spring 2013. The new system enables electron cooling in the whole energy range of COSY. The electron beam is guided by longitudinal magnetic field all the way from the electron gun to the collector. This well-proven optics scheme was chosen because of the wide electron energy range of 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual sections of identical design. Electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. Electron beam commissioning and first studies using proton and deuteron beams were carried out. Electron cooling of proton beam up to 1662 MeV kinetic energy was demonstrated. Maximum electron beam energy achieved so far amounted to 1.25 MeV. Voltage up to 1.4 MV was demonstrated. The cooler was operated with electron current up to 0.5 A. The paper provides insights into the recent progress in high energy electron cooling at COSY and perspectives for the HESR ring at FAIR.
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MOPRI074	Conceptual Project Relativistic Electron Cooler for FAIR/HESR	electron, high-voltage, acceleration, cathode	774
	V.V. Parkhomchuk, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasiuk, V.B. Reva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich HIM, Mainz, Germany V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	To develop a 4 MeV relativistic electron cooling system for the HESR storage ring, which is part of the future GSI facility FAIR, is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the upgrade to 8 MeV of the relativistic electron cooler is essential for the future Electron Nucleon Collider (ENC@FAIR) project. The basic feature of the design are the power for magnet field coils at accelerating and decelerating column is generated by turbines (one option under investigation in this research group) operated on SF6 gas under pressure
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MOPRI077	Hi-Lumi LHC Collimation Studies with MERLIN Code	collimation, optics, scattering, simulation	784
	M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	The collimation system is key to the successful operation of the LHC. Measurements and simulations of the previous run at 4 TeV have shown that the system is ready for the next step, running at 7 TeV, but at the same time some sensitive cleaning locations have been identified. In particular the dispersion suppressors downstream of the betatron cleaning region in IR7 are sensitive to single diffractive scattered protons from the collimator jaws. These particles can lead to magnet quenching. The MERLIN C++ library has been developed to exploit the functionality of an object oriented code, with improved collective effects and scattering routines. New single diffractive and elastic scattering routines, based on a fit of existing experimental data with the Regge theory of soft interactions of high energy scattering, is implemented in MERLIN. In this paper we present the impact of the new single diffractive scattering physics on the cleaning inefficiency of the LHC collimation system for the Achromatic Telescope Squeezing (ATS) PreSqueeze optics scheme, for the HL-LHC project. The results are compared with the same loss map calculated using a SixTrack+K2 like scattering routine.
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MOPRI078	High Power Cyclotrons for Neutrino Experiments	cyclotron, experiment, extraction, vacuum	788
	D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A. Adelmann PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L. Calabretta, D. Campo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	DAEδALUS* and IsoDAR** experiments needs large intense neutrino fluxes to investigate respectively the CP-Violation in the neutrino sector and the existence of sterile neutrino. DAEδALUS requires three neutrino sources driven by proton beams of ~800 MeV at powers of several megawatts placed at distances of 1.5, 8 and 20 km from the detector. Two cyclotrons working in cascade are chosen to deliver these high power beams. The first cyclotron accelerates the H²⁺ ions beam up to 60 MeV/amu. The beam is then extracted with an electrostatic deflector and reaccelerated up to 800 MeV/amu through a superconducting ring cyclotron. The acceleration of H²⁺ has two advantages: it reduces the space charge effect along the injection and acceleration inside the first cyclotron and allows the extraction of the beam from the last accelerator using a stripper foil. The injector cyclotron can be used in stand-alone mode to drive the IsoDAR experiment, which needs the accelerator placed near an underground neutrino detector. The design and the results of beam dynamic simulations will be shown. the results of preliminary injection and acceleration tests into a cyclotron test bench will be presented. * J. Alonso et al., arXiv:1006.0260[physics.ins-det] (2010). ** A. Bungau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 141802 (2012).
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MOPRI079	Status of SPES Facility for Acceleration of High Intensity Protons and Production of Exotic Beams	cyclotron, target, neutron, ISOL	791
	M.M. Maggiore, A. Andrighetto, M. Calderolla, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, M. Manzolaro, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	Since 2010 the SPES project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) in Italy. The new high power cyclotron is being assembled and tested by BEST Theratronics company in Canada and the installation at LNL site is scheduled for fall 2014. Such machine is able to deliver two simultaneous proton beams in the energy range of 35-70 MeV and 250-500 uA of current and the facility has been designed in order to operate at the same time two different experimental areas. The three main uses of the high power beams are: production of radioactive beams by ISOL technique, production of radioisotopes for research purpose and high intensity neutron beams generation. The configuration of the facility and the further capabilities as multipurpose experimental laboratory will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI079
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MOPRI101	Field Simulations and Mechanical Implementation of Electrostatic Elements for the ELENA Transfer Lines	quadrupole, ion, vacuum, experiment	855
	D. Barna University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, G. Vanbavinckhove CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) complex at CERN will be extended by an extra low energy anti-proton ring (ELENA) further decelerating the anti-protons thus improving their trapping. The kinetic energy of 100 keV at ELENA extraction facilitates the use of electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments. The mechanical implementation of the electrostatic devices are presented with focus on their alignment, bakeout compatibility, ultra-high vacuum compatibility and polarity switching. Field optimisations for an electrostatic crossing device of three beam lines are shown.
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MOPRI108	Transverse H⁻ Beam Halo Scraper System in the J-PARC L3BT	radiation, injection, linac, operation	876
	K. Okabe, M. Kinsho, K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) 3-GeV rapid cycle synchrotron (RCS), transverse beam halo scraping for the injection beam is required to increase the output beam power. The transverse collimation system at the Linac-RCS beam transport line (L3BT) was utilized in a nominal beam operation because the area of the scraper section was contaminated when scrapers were working. In the summer-autumn period of 2013, we installed a new beam-halo scraper which had optimized scraper heads for mitigation of the radiation around the scraper system. In this poster, we report a preliminary result for a halo scraper at the L3BT.
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MOPRI109	High-Power Proton-Synchrotron Collimation Studies	collimation, synchrotron, quadrupole, target	879
	A. Alekou, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Spitzbart TU Vienna, Wien, Austria
	The High-Power Proton-Synchrotron (HP-PS) will be delivering a 2 MW proton beam to a fixed target in order to produce neutrinos within the LAGUNA-LBNO project. A mechanical collimation system is essential to prevent lost particles from hitting the super-feric dipoles of the HP-PS ring and to also limit the equipment irradiation close to the beam. This paper presents how the efficiency of the HP-PS collimator system is optimised with respect to the change of the collimators’ thickness, material and beam halo size.
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MOPRI110	Final Layout and Expected Cleaning for the First Crystal-assisted Collimation Test at the LHC	collimation, simulation, injection, ion	882
	D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Galluccio INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy A.M. Taratin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The installation in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of two crystals in the horizontal and vertical planes was accomplished during the present LHC long shutdown (LS1) for crystal collimation studies. An appropriate layout was designed to demonstrate the principle feasibility of crystal collimation at the LHC. Extensive simulation campaigns were made to evaluate different crystal positions and parameters, in order to ensure that the main goals of these first feasibility tests in the LHC are within reach. In this paper, the final layout is presented. An overview of the considerations behind the design choices and the crystal parameters is given, and the expected performance of the system is discussed.
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MOPRI111	Improvements of the Crystal Routine for Collimation Studies	collimation, simulation, scattering, extraction	886
	D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.M. Taratin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia I.A. Yazynin IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
	A routine has been implemented to simulate interactions of protons with bent crystals in the collimation version of \texttt{SixTrack}. This routine is optimized in view of producing high-statistics tracking simulations of collimation cleaning assisted by bent crystals. Fine tuning and comparisons with experimental data of coherent effects which a particle can experience in a bent crystal have been carried out. The data taken with 400 GeV beams at the CERN-SPS North Area in the framework of the UA9 experiment are used to benchmark the routine. Further checks on low probability interactions have been made, leading to significant improvements in the description of interactions with crystals. Comparisons with other simulations tools are used to increase our confidence in the scaling to higher energies.
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MOPRI114	Numerical Estimation of the Equivalent Dose Rate after the Irradiation of a Tungsten Collimator by a Low Energy Proton Beam	simulation, cyclotron, radiation, operation	890
	V. Talanov, D.C. Kiselev, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The issue of activation of a Tungsten collimator by protons is considered for the incident energy of 12.2 MeV. Two different simulation approaches using the Monte Carlo programs MCNPX and FLUKA are applied to estimate the equivalent remanent dose rate after the irradiation of the collimator. The results of the numerical simulation are then compared to the measured dose levels of the collimator of the COMET cyclotron at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI).
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MOPRI116	Beam Flattening System based on Non-linear Optics for High Power Spallation Neutron Target at J-PARC	octupole, target, optics, neutron	896
	S.I. Meigo, A. Akutsu, K.I. Ikezaki, M. Ooi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan H. Fujimori KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	In the Japanese Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) of J-PARC, a mercury is utilized as a target material. Since a serious pitting erosion was found at the target vessel at SNS in ORNL and JSNS, a reduction of a peak current density is required. In order to decrease the peak, we have developed the beam optics based on a non linear using an octupole magnets. In a design calculation, it is found that the peak current density of 30 % can be reduced by introducing the octupole magnets. A status of the design and the experimental results will be reported.
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TUOAA01	Progress Towards Doubling the Beam Power at Fermilab's Accelerator Complex	booster, target, operation, antiproton	904
	I. Kourbanis Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy. After a 16 month shutdown to reconfigure the Fermilab Accelerators for high power operations, the Fermilab Accelerator Complex is again providing beams for numerous Physics Experiments. By using the Recycler to slip stack protons while the Main Injector is ramping, the beam power at 120 GeV can reach 700 KW, a factor of 2 increase. The progress towards doubling the Fermilab's Accelerator complex beam power will be presented.
	Slides TUOAA01 [7.059 MB]
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TUOAA02	Design of the LBNE Beamline	target, operation, shielding, extraction	907
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE, contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by a set of magnetic horns into a 204 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable for 2.3 MW operation. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.
	Slides TUOAA02 [5.781 MB]
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TUYA01	First Experience with Electron Lenses for Beam-beam Compensation in RHIC	electron, solenoid, emittance, hadron	913
	W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, X. Gu, J. Hock, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, C. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, A.I. Pikin, T. Samms, Y. Tan, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The head-on beam-beam interaction is the dominant luminosity limiting effect in polarized proton operation in RHIC. To mitigate this effect two electron lenses were installed in the two RHIC rings. We summarize the hardware and electron beam commissioning results to date, and report on the first experience with the electron-hadron beam interaction. In 2014 RHIC is operating with gold beams only. In this case the luminosity is not limited by head-on beam-beam interactions and compensation is not necessary. The goals of this year’s commissioning efforts are a test of all instrumentation; the demonstration of electron and gold beam overlap; the demonstration of electron beam parameters that are sufficiently stable to have no negative impact on the gold beam lifetime; and the measurement of the tune footprint compression from the beam overlap. With these demonstrations, and a lattice with a phase advance that has a multiple of 180 degrees between the beam-beam interaction and electron lens locations, head-on beam-beam compensation can be commissioned in the following year with proton beams.
	Slides TUYA01 [11.776 MB]
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TUYB01	Vertical Orbit-excursion Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators (V-FFAGs) and 3D Cyclotrons	cyclotron, closed-orbit, quadrupole, acceleration	956
	S.J. Brooks BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for rings with fixed-field (e.g. superconducting) magnets. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. Scaling type VFFAGs have fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range; they are also isochronous in the ultra-relativistic limit. Extending isochronism to lower velocities requires a slanted orbit excursion: a three-dimensional analogue of a spiral sector cyclotron from 40 to 1500MeV is developed, which is flat at low energies and acquires a slope as the protons become relativistic. This provides more stable tunes than a comparable planar cyclotron. Such machines are promising future candidates for nuclear transmutation using high average power CW beams at ~GeV energies.
	Slides TUYB01 [16.187 MB]
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TUPRO004	Polarized Protons and Deuterons at NICA@JINR	collider, luminosity, polarization, ion	1000
	A.D. Kovalenko, A.V. Butenko, V.D. Kekelidze, V.A. Mikhaylov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Different aspects of the NICA facility operation in polarized proton and deuteron modes aimed at reaching the highest possible luminosity and polarization degree as well are analysed. The main aim is to provide average luminosity L ≥ 1•1032 cm^-2 s⁻¹ at √sNN ≥ 26-27 GeV for single-spin proton collisions. Optimal schemes of the Siberian Snake insertions to the Nuclotron and NICA collider rings were proposed. The results of simulations are presented and discussed.
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TUPRO009	Simple Models Describing the Time-evolution of Luminosity in Hadron Colliders	luminosity, collider, hadron, operation	1017
	M. Giovannozzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In recent years, several studies have been performed to describe the evolution of the losses in circular proton machines. Considerations based on single-particle, non-linear beam dynamics allowed building models that, albeit simple, proved to be in good agreement with measurements. These initial results have been generalised, thus opening the possibility to describe the luminosity evolution in a circular hadron collider. In this paper, the focus is on the derivation of scaling laws for the integrated luminosity, taking into account both burn off and additional pseudo-diffusive effects. The proposed models are applied to the analysis of the data collected during the LHC Run I and the outcome is discussed in detail.
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TUPRO027	First Beam Background Simulation Studies at IR1 for High Luminosity LHC	simulation, background, detector, luminosity	1074
	R. Kwee-Hinzmann, S.M. Gibson JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom G. Bregliozzi, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, R. Kersevan, A. Lechner, N.V. Shetty CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S.M. Gibson Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project, the LHC will be significantly upgraded to attain a peak luminosity of up to 8.5 × 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1, thus almost an order of magnitude higher compared to the nominal machine configuration in ATLAS at IP1 and CMS at IP5. In the view of a successful machine setup as well as a successful physics programme, beam induced background studies at IP1 were performed to investigate sources of particle fluxes to the experimental area. In particular as a start of the study, two sources forming the major contributions were simulated in detail: the first one considers inelastic interactions from beam particles hitting tertiary collimators, the second one from beam interactions with residual gas-molecules in the vacuum pipe close by the experiment, referred to as beam-halo and local beam-gas, respectively. We will present these first HL-LHC background studies based on SixTrack and FLUKA simulations, highlighting the simulation setup for the design case in the HL-LHC scenario. Results of particle spectra entering the ATLAS detector region are presented for the latest study version of HL-LHC machine layout (2013).
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TUPRO043	Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair	ion, simulation, linac, extraction	1120
	C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.
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TUPRO067	Beam Transport Optimization Studies of the PSI MW-Class Proton Channel	target, simulation, optics, beam-losses	1189
	D. Reggiani, D.C. Kiselev, T. Reiss, R. Sobbia, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The proton channel of the PSI high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) transports the beam from the extraction point of the ring cyclotron through two meson production graphite targets up to the SINQ spallation source. After many years of continuous improvement, the HIPA accelerator complex has now reached the remarkable beam power of 1.4 MW. The next power upgrade is foreseen for the near future. In order to achieve this further step, an optimization of the beam optics in the proton channel is required with the goal of keeping the beam losses at a reasonable extent and, at the same time improve the beam distribution on the SINQ target.
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TUPRO070	LHeC IR Optics Design Integrated into the HL-LHC Lattice	quadrupole, electron, lattice, luminosity	1198
	E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R. Tomás CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: OPAC fellowship funded by European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485 The LHeC is a proposed upgrade to the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore the new regime of energy and intensity for lepton-nucleon scattering. The work presented here investigates optics and layout solutions allowing simultaneous nucleon-nucleon and lepton-nucleon collisions at separate interaction points compatible with the proposed HL-LHC lattice. A first lattice design has been proposed that collides proton beam 2 with the electron beam. The nominal design calls for a β^* (beta function in the interaction point ) of 10 cm using an extended version of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme, and a L* (distance to the inner triplet) of 10 m. Modifying these two parameters, β^* and L*, can provide benefits to the current design since the values of these parameters have direct effects on the luminosity, the natural chromaticity and the synchrotron radiation of the electron beam. This work aims to explore the range over which these parameters can be varied in order to achieve the desired goal.
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TUPRO073	RFFAG Decay Ring for nuSTORM	injection, detector, factory, target	1208
	J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The nuSTORM facility aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a racetrack ring. Design of racetrack FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) decay ring for nuSTORM project is presented in this paper.
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TUPRO091	Simple Characterization Method of Small High Gradient Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles	quadrupole, linac, focusing, permanent-magnet	1250
	C. Ronsivalle, L. Picardi, M. Vadrucci ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy F. Ambrosini URLS, Rome, Italy
	The application of quadrupoles with high or ultra-high gradient and small apertures requires a precise control over harmonic components of the field. A simple, fast, low cost measurement method on small size PMQs (Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles) is described. It is based on the same principle of the familiar "rotating coil technique", but in this case, profiting of the small dimensions of the PMQ, it consists in rotating the PMQ itself instead of the coil. In such way a gain on accuracy and measure time is obtained. It has been applied to characterize a set of commercial PMQs with a gradient around 200 T/m and an internal radius of 3.5 mm to be mounted in a SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) structure for the acceleration of a proton beam from 7 to 12 MeV. This structure has been developed in the framework of the Italian TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radiotherapy) Project
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TUPRO099	Development of a Method for Measuring the Radial Component of the Magnetic Field in AVF Cyclotrons	cyclotron, experiment, simulation, extraction	1274
	N.A. Morozov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In AVF cyclotrons the median plane of the magnetic field rather often does not coincide with the mid-plane of their magnetic system. To measure the radial component of the magnetic field, equipment based on search coils is developed and used to correct the median plane of the magnetic field. The equipment for Br mapping is described. The Br mapping and shimming results are presented for two proton therapy IBA C230 cyclotrons.
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TUPRO112	Transient Magnetodynamic Finite Element Analysis of the ISIS M25/2 10Hz Kicker Magnet	simulation, flattop, kicker, target	1313
	T.B.J. Mouille STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	In 2007 a second target station (TS2) was added to the ISIS pulsed neutron source at RAL. Two slow kicker magnets are operated in order to direct a 10Hz proton beam toward TS2 through the TS2 Extract Proton Beam line (EPB2). When first manufactured and tested, the M25/2 exhibited an unforeseen magnetic and thermal behaviour. It was quickly identified that this was caused by the eddy currents induced in the laminated core and the mechanical structure of the magnet. Corrective actions were taken to counterbalance their effects but no further analysis was performed at the time. Recent developments in hardware and software make this analysis more feasible. In this paper we present the results of the transient magnetodynamic simulation that was set up in order to model these eddy currents and study their impact on the M25/2 field quality.
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TUPME012	The US Muon Accelerator Program	collider, factory, target, linac	1367
	M.A. Palmer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. A directed R&D program is presently underway in the U.S. to evaluate the designs and technologies required to provide muon-based high energy physics (HEP) accelerator capabilities. Such capabilities have the potential to provide unique physics reach for the HEP community. An overview of the status of the designs for the neutrino factory and muon collider applications is provided. Recent progress in the technology R&D program is summarized.
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TUPME022	Design and Optimization of a Particle Selection System for Muon based Accelerators	solenoid, target, simulation, factory	1395
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In Muon Accelerators muons are produced by impacting high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. Through this process a significant background of protons and electrons are generated, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine. In this paper we propose a two-step particle selection scheme: a chicane to remove the high momentum particles from the beam and a Beryllium block absorber that reduces momentum of all particles in the beam, resulting in the loss of low momentum protons. We review the design and numerically examine its impact on the performance of the muon front-end.
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TUPME023	Overview of a muon capture section for muon accelerators	target, cavity, solenoid, bunching	1398
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We describe a muon capture section to manipulate the longitudinal and transverse phase-space so that to collect efficiently a muon beam produced from an intense proton source target. We show that this can be achieved by using a set of properly tuned rf cavities that captures the beam into string of bunches and aligns them into nearly equal central energies, and a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles. This work elucidates the key parameters that are needed for successful muon capture, such as the required rf frequencies, rf gradients and focusing field. We discuss the sensitivity in performance against the number of different rf frequencies and accelerating rf gradient.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME023
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TUPME030	The LIGHT Beamline at GSI: Shaping Intense MeV Proton Bunches from a Compact Laser-driven Source	laser, cavity, focusing, ion	1419
	S. Busold, O. Deppert, M. Roth TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold HIJ, Jena, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold, D. Schumacher GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Brabetz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany F. Kroll TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany F. Kroll Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	Laser-based proton acceleration as a source of high intensity multi-MeV-range proton bunches became subject of extensive research during the last 15 years and is discussed as potential candidate for various applications. However, their usage often requires special ways of beam shaping first, as the particles are emitted in a wide energy spectrum and with a large divergence angle from the laser matter interaction point. To handle these characteristics, a test stand has been build at GSI Darmstadt, using a pulsed high field solenoid and a radiofrequency cavity to produce intense collimated proton bunches with low energy spread from a TNSA source. In recent experiments, energy compression of an intense proton bunch around 10 MeV central energy to an energy spread of less than 3% could be demonstrated. The particle numbers were in access of 10⁹ protons and the bunch duration was only a few nanoseconds. Even shorter bunches and thus higher particle intensities are possible. This compact laser-driven proton beamline, available now at GSI, will be introduced and latest experimental results presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME030
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TUPME033	Scaling of TNSA-accelerated Proton Beams with Laser Energy and Focal Spot Size	laser, target, acceleration, experiment	4093
	L. Obst, S. Kraft, J. Metzkes, U. Schramm, K. Zeil Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	By focusing an ultra-short high-intensity laser pulse on a solid target, pulses of protons and other positively charged ions with energies of several 10 MeV per nucleon are generated. The properties of these particle beams such as their energy and absolute number are highly dependent on experimental conditions like laser and target parameters. In order to achieve principal comparability between different experimental campaigns at the Draco laser system at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, a reference setup for the laser ion acceleration experiment was established. A configuration is sought in which proton beams of reproducible characteristics are generated. To ensure a high stability of the proton spectra, the application of longer focal length parabolas (f ~ 1000 mm) will be tested for this setup, according preparatory studies being presented in this paper.
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TUPME069	Proton Electron Accelerator at CERN	plasma, electron, wakefield, experiment	1519
	R. Tarkeshian MPI, Muenchen, Germany
	AWAKE is a proton driven plasma-wakefield acceleration at CERN, that uses long proton bunches ~ 400 ps from the SPS. In a dense plasma, a long proton bunch is subject toμbunching at plasma period due to the self-modulation instability, SMI. The self-modulated proton bunch generates large amplitude charge separation through resonant wakefield excitation. Numerical simulations show that when seeded the SMI can grow and saturate over ~4 m in a plasma with density in the (1-10) 10¹⁴/cc range. Seeding also allows for deterministic injection of witness bunches in the focusing and accelerating phase of the wakefields. The SPS proton bunch carrying kJ of energy is a unique driver for generation of ~ GeV/m wakefields through 10’s of meters of plasma. The side-injected electrons ~15 MeV can reach GeV energies. The AWAKE experimental layout, the physics of self-modulation, simulation results, plasma source under study, diagnostics plan for bunch modulation measurement using transverse coherent transition radiation*, and phasing of the witness bunch respect to the wave and synchronisation with diagnostics will be presented.** A. Caldwel, et. al, Nature Physics 5, 2009 N. Kumar, A. Pukhov, PRL, 104, 2010 O. Reimann, R. Tarkeshian, Proc. of IBIC, 2013 ** The work is submitted on behalf of AWAKE collaboration.
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TUPME073	A Novel Laser Ionized Rb Plasma Source for Plasma Wakefield Accelerators	plasma, laser, wakefield, electron	1522
	E. Öz, F. Batsch, P. Muggli MPI-P, München, Germany
	Funding: AWAKE collaboration A proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator* is to be conducted at CERN by the AWAKE collaboration. Externally injected electrons are accelerated in a large gradient (~GeV/m) wakefield. The large gradient is achieved by resonant formation of the wakefield by a train of micro-bunches. Transverse modulation of a long (~12 cm) proton bunch by the self modulation instability creates these plasma wavelength size (~1 mm) micro-bunches. This resonant mechanism brings a strict requirement on the plasma density uniformity, namely % 0.2, in order for the injected electron bunch to remain in the accelerating and focusing phase of the wakefields. We describe the plasma source* that satisfies this requirement during the beam plasma interaction. Rb vapor with ~10¹⁵ cm^-3 density is confined in a 10 m long 4 cm diameter, stainless-steel tube which is heated to ~200 Co by an oil heat exchanger. The access to the source during interaction is provided by custom built fast valves. The vapor is fully tunnel ionized (first e-) by a laser forming a 2 mm diameter plasma channel. * http://awake.web.cern.ch/awake/ http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.255003 * http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.093
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TUPME074	First Experiences with the PITZ Plasma Cell for Electron Beam Self-modulation Studies	plasma, electron, experiment, Windows	1525
	M. Groß, A. Donat, J.D. Good, M. Khojoyan, G. Koss, M. Krasilnikov, R. Schütze, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany R. Brinkmann DESY, Hamburg, Germany F.J. Grüner, G. Pathak Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany P. Muggli, E. Öz MPI-P, München, Germany D. Richter HZB, Berlin, Germany C.B. Schroeder LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The self-modulation of long particle beams in a plasma has recently gained interest in light of the ongoing preparation for the plasma wakefield acceleration experiment of the AWAKE collaboration at CERN. Instrumental to the experiment is the self-modulation of a proton beam to generate bunches short enough for producing high acceleration fields. As electron bunches are easier to handle and the underlying physics is identical, it is judicious to first gain insight into the experimental conditions of the self-modulation of long particle beams in plasma by using electron bunches before progressing to the experiment with proton bunches. The experimental demonstration of self-modulation of an electron bunch is in preparation at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, location Zeuthen (PITZ). In this contribution the fabrication and first experimental tests towards a Lithium plasma cell are highlighted. The distinctive feature of this plasma cell is the addition of side ports for insertion of the ionization laser beam and for diagnostics purposes.
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TUPME077	The Challenge of Interfacing the Primary Beam Lines for the AWAKE Project at CERN	plasma, electron, laser, injection	1534
	C. Bracco, B. Goddard, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, A.V. Petrenko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN foresees the simultaneous operation of a proton, a laser and an electron beam. The first stage of the experiment will consist in proving the self-modulation, in the plasma, of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches. The success of this experiment requires an almost perfect concentricity of the proton and laser beams, over the full length of the plasma cell. The complexity of integrating the laser into the proton beam line and fulfilling the strict requirements in terms of pointing precision of the proton beam at the plasma cell are described. The second stage of the experiment foresees also the injection of electron bunches to probe the accelerating wakefields driven by the proton beam. Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility of injecting the electron beam parallel and with an offset to the proton beam axis. This option would imply that protons and electrons will have to share the last few meters of a common beam line. Issues and possible solutions for this case are presented.
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TUPME078	Electron Injection Studies for the AWAKE Experiment at CERN	electron, plasma, wakefield, injection	1537
	A.V. Petrenko, C. Bracco, E. Gschwendtner CERN, Geneva, Switzerland K.V. Lotov NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia K.V. Lotov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany
	The AWAKE experiment recently approved at CERN will use the self-modulation instability (SMI) of long (12 cm), relativistic (400 GeV/c) proton bunches in dense plasmas to drive wakefields with accelerating gradients at the GV/m level. These accelerating gradients will be probed by externally injected electrons. In order to preserve the plasma uniformity required for the SMI the first experiments will use on-axis injection of a low energy 10-20 MeV electron beam collinearly with the proton beam. In this article we describe the physics of electron injection into the proton driven SMI wakefields. Requirements on the injected electron beam are determined and the final accelerated beam parameters are obtained via numerical simulations.
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TUPME079	A Spectrometer for Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerated Electrons at AWAKE	electron, plasma, simulation, wakefield	1540
	S. Jolly, L.C. Deacon, J.A. Goodhand, S.R. Mandry, M. Wing UCL, London, United Kingdom S.R. Mandry MPI, Muenchen, Germany
	The AWAKE experiment is to be constructed at the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso facility (CNGS). This will be the first experiment to demonstrate electron acceleration by use of a proton driven plasma wakefield. The 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS will excite a wakefield in a plasma cell several metres in length. To observe the plasma wakefield, electrons of a few MeV will be injected into the wakefield following the head of the proton beam. Simulations indicate that electrons will be accelerated to GeV energies by the plasma wakefield. The AWAKE spectrometer is intended to measure both the peak energy and energy spread of these accelerated electrons. The baseline design makes use of a single dipole magnet to separate the electrons from the proton beam. The dispersed electron beam then impacts on a scintillator screen: the resulting scintillation light is collected and recorded by an intensified CCD camera. The design of the spectrometer is detailed with a focus on the scintillator screen. Results of simulations to optimise the scintillator are presented, including studies of the standard GadOx scintillators commonly used for imaging electrons in plasma wakefield experiments.
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TUPRI001	ESSnuSB: A New Facility Concept for the Production of Very Intense Neutrino Beams in Europe	linac, target, detector, simulation	1550
	E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald, P. Poussot, N. Vassilopoulos IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of leptonic CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy. This facility will use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund to deliver the neutrino super beam. The ESS linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2022, producing 2 GeV and 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. An upgrade of the power to 10 MW and a frequency of 28 Hz, in which half is for the neutron beam, is necessary for the production of the neutrino beam. The primary proton beam-line completing the linac will consist of switchyards and accumulator rings. The secondary beam-line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, decay tunnel and beam dump. A megaton scale water Cherenkov detector will be located at a baseline of about 500 km in one of the existing mines in Sweden and it will measure the neutrino oscillations. The elements of the primary and secondary beam-lines and all the possible scenarios impacting the design of the ESSnuSB facility as well as the safety issues due to the high irradiation produced are presented and discussed in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI001
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TUPRI002	The EUROnu Study for Future High Power Neutrino Oscillation Facilities	target, detector, factory, linac	1553
	T.R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The EUROnu project was a 4 year FP7 design study to investigate and compare three possible options for future, high power neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. These three facilities are a Neutrino Factory, a neutrino superbeam from CERN to the Frejus Laboratory and a so-called Beta Beam. The study was completed at the end of 2012 and has produced conceptual designs for the facilities and preliminary cost estimates. The designs were used to determine the physics performance. These have been used to compare the facilities. This paper will describe the designs, physics performance and costs and summarise the recommendations of the study.
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TUPRI005	nuSTORM Horn Optimization Study	target, simulation, optics, controls	1562
	A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The efficiency of using magnetic horns as a pion collection device has been recognized by several neutrino projects. In the study, we began with a “NuMI-like” horn, which was applied to collect the secondary pions from bombarding the target with 120 GeV/c protons in the nuSTORM proposal. The necessity of optimizing the horn for a non-conventional neutrino beamline like the nuSTORM pion beamline was then acknowledged. This paper presents a detailed description of the optimization objectives, the Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm developed for this specific purpose, and the results of the optimization. With the full G4beamline simulation results, the success of the optimization provides an increase of 16\% in the useful muons in the ring. This methodology can be applied to any neutrino beamline configuration.
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TUPRI008	Target System Concept for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory	target, factory, collider, solenoid	1568
	K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	A concept is presented for a Target System in a staged scenario for a Neutrino Factory and eventual Muon Collider, with emphasis on initial operation with a 6.75 GeV proton beam of 1 MW power, and 50 Hz of pulses 3-ns long. A radiation cooled graphite target will be used in the initial configuration, with an option to replace this with a free-liquid-metal-jet target should 4-MW beam power become available at a later stage.
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TUPRI018	Transition Energy Crossing in the Future FAIR SIS-100 for Proton Operation	space-charge, quadrupole, synchrotron, feedback	1591
	S. Aumon, D. Ondreka, S. Sorge GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Groß TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	The FAIR project foresees to deliver an intense single bunch beam with 2·10¹³ protons of 50ns duration to the experiments. Besides the original γ_t-shift scenario, an alternative RF proton cycle has been recently studied: the transition energy is crossed with possibly a gamma transition jump. The flexibility of the lattice allowing to change the value of γ_t, a transition crossing has been considered for two possible energies. This challenging scenario is limited by several constraints such as space charge, a small momentum acceptance and by the required RF manipulations aiming to produce the final single bunch beam in the future SIS-100. This paper focuses on how the high intensity beam would suffer of the mismatch in bunch length at transition and new sets of beam parameter are defined for the proton beam. The jump quadrupole system is also presented. The applicability of the foreseen longitudinal feedback system to cure quadrupolar oscillations is also discussed in this paper.
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TUPRI059	The Proton Synchrotron Transverse impedance model	impedance, simulation, kicker, space-charge	4096
	S. Persichelli, N. Biancacci, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Migliorati, E. Métral, B. Salvant CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The current knowledge of the transverse impedance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been established by theoretical computations, electromagnetic simulations and beam-based measurements at different energies. The transverse coherent tune and phase advance shifts as a function of intensity have been measured in order to evaluate the total effective transverse impedance and its distribution in the accelerator. In order to understand the beam dynamics, the frequency dependence of the impedance budget has also been evaluated considering the individual contribution of several machine devices. 3D models of many PS elements have been realized to perform accurate impedance simulations, while resistive wall and indirect space charge impedances have been evaluated with theoretical and numerical computations. Finally comparisons between the total budget and the measurement results are presented.
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TUPRI071	Transverse Impedance Measurement in RHIC and the AGS	impedance, injection, betatron, luminosity	1730
	N. Biancacci CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Dutheil, C. Liu, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The RHIC luminosity upgrade program aims for an increase of the polarized proton luminosity by a factor 2. To achieve this goal a significant increase in the beam intensity is foreseen. The beam coupling impedance represents a source of detrimental effects for beam quality and stability at high bunch intensities. In this paper, we evaluate a new global transverse impedance in both RHIC and the AGS with recent measurements of tune shift as a function of bunch intensity. The results are compared to past measurements and present impedance model.
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TUPRI099	A Proton Therapy Test Facility: the Radiation Protection Design	radiation, neutron, shielding, target	1805
	S. Sandri, L. Picardi, C. Poggi, C. Ronsivalle ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy G. Ottaviano ENEA-Bologna, Bologna, Italy
	A proton therapy test facility with a beam current lower than 10 nA in average, and an energy up to 85 MeV, has to be sited at the Frascati ENEA Research Center, in Italy. The accelerator is composed by a sequence of linear sections. From the radiation protection point of view the source of radiation for this facility is almost completely located at the final target. Physical and geometrical models of the device have been developed and implemented into a radiation transport computer code based on Monte Carlo method. The main scope is the assessment of the dose rates around the radiation source for supporting the safety analysis. For the assessment was used the FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) computer code. A general purpose tool for the calculation of particle transport and interaction with matter, covering an extended range of applications including proton beam analysis. The models implemented into the code are described and the results are presented. The calculated dose rates are reported at different distances from the target. Considerations about personnel safety are issued and the shielding requirements are anticipated.
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TUPRI103	Neutronics Analyses to Support Waste Management for SNS	target, neutron, operation, radiation	1817
	I.I. Popova, F.X. Gallmeier ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA M.J. Dayton, S.M. Trotter ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Division of Materials Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC05-96OR22464 with UT-Battelle Corporation for ORNL According to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) operations plan the facility components are replaced, when they reach their end-of-life due to radiation induced material damage or burn-up or because of mechanical failure or design improvements. During operation these components are exposed to a severe radiation environment and builds up significant activity during its service lifetime. These components must be safely removed, placed in a container for storage, and transported from the site. In order to classify components and suggest appropriate shipping container an accurate estimate of the radionuclide inventory is performed. On the base of calculated radionuclide inventory the spent component is classified and appropriate container for transport and storage is suggested. Container it is being modelled with the facility component, placed inside, in order to perform transport calculations to ensure that the container is compliant with the waste management regulations. Dose rate analyses are performed as well for the exposure prediction of personnel during components change out.
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WEOBA02	Superconducting Linac for Rare Isotope Science Project	linac, cavity, cryomodule, ion	1861
	H.J. Kim, H.J. Cha, M.O. Hyun, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.5 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the status of RISP linac design and the development of superconducting cavity and cryomodule.
	Slides WEOBA02 [9.226 MB]
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WEZA02	A Staged Muon Accelerator Facility for Neutrino and Collider Physics	collider, factory, linac, target	1872
	J.-P. Delahaye SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt, S. Brice, A.D. Bross, D.S. Denisov, E. Eichten, S.D. Holmes, R.J. Lipton, D.V. Neuffer, M.A. Palmer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S.A. Bogacz JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA P. Huber Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA R.D. Ryne LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DE-AC02-76SF00515 Muon-based facilities offer unique potential to provide capabilities at both the Intensity Frontier with Neutrino Factories and the Energy Frontier with Muon Colliders. They rely on a novel technology with challenging parameters, for which the feasibility is currently being evaluated by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). A realistic scenario for a complementary series of staged facilities with increasing complexity and significant physics potential at each stage has been developed. It takes advantage of and leverages the capabilities already planned for Fermilab, especially the strategy for long-term improvement of the accelerator complex being initiated with the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF). Each stage is designed to provide an R&D platform to validate the technologies required for subsequent stages. The rationale and sequence of the staging process and the critical issues to be addressed at each stage, are presented.
	Slides WEZA02 [27.263 MB]
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WEXB01	Breaking the 70 MeV Proton Energy Threshold in Laser Proton Acceleration and Guiding Beams to Applications	laser, target, ion, acceleration	1886
	M. Roth, S. Bedacht, S. Busold, O. Deppert, G. Schaumann, A. Tebartz, F. Wagner TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, D. Schumacher GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Brabetz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany T.E. Cowan HZDR, Dresden, Germany K. Falk, A. Favalli, J.C. Fernandez, C. Gautier, C.E. Hamilton, R.P. Johnson, K. Schoenberg, T. Shimada, G.A. Wurden LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA M. Geißel, M. Schollmeier Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA D. Jung Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom F. Kroll Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	This talk covers recent developments in laser plasma ion acceleration describing the technological challenges in breaking of energy threshold of 70 MeV. The presentation also highlights the recent experimental achievements towards laser ion acceleration and transport in the LIGHT collaboration.
	Slides WEXB01 [15.155 MB]
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WEIB01	Global Industrial Development of Accelerators for Charged Particle Therapy	cyclotron, hadron, operation, hadrontherapy	1912
	M. Schillo VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
	This paper describes the current situation concerning industrial accelerators for medical hadron therapy facilities. Starting from high level requirements and considerations for a therapy facility more specific requirements for the accelerator will be deduced. The Varian ProBeam cyclotron is shown as an example of a medical accelerator and a statistical overview on other accelerators in us is given. The focus is strictly on industrially available equipment. As hadron facilities are extremely complex systems, in the confined space of this paper some simplifications are unavoidable.
	Slides WEIB01 [4.218 MB]
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WEPRO071	Optics Setup in the AGS and AGS Booster for Polarized Helion Beam	resonance, booster, injection, polarization	2115
	H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, Y. Dutheil, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Future RHIC physics program calls for polarized He3 beam. The He3 beam from the new EBIS source has a relative low rigidity which requires delicate control of injection and RF setup in the Booster. The strong depolarization resonance strength in both AGS and AGS Booster requires careful consideration of beam energy range and optics setup. Recently, the He3 beam was accelerated to 11GeV/n in the AGS. The near term goal fo 3*10¹⁰ at RHIC requires several RF bunch merges in both AGS and the Booster. The beam test results are presented in this paper.
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WEPRO076	Constructing the ESS Linear Accelerator: Pragmatic Approaches to Design and System Integration at the European Spallation Source	software, interface, linac, hardware	2131
	G. Lanfranco, M.J. Conlon, N. Gazis, E. Tanke, E. Vaena ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron science facility comprising a linear H⁺ accelerator, a tungsten target station, 22 neutron instruments, a suite of laboratories and a supercomputing data processing centre. The Accelerator project represents about a third of the total ESS construction budget and several European countries participate as in-kind contributing partners to it. It is crucial to guarantee requirements consistency, clarity of interface definition and proper space allocation. Potential functional and design inconsistencies must be promptly detected and actively resolved, bridging the project from the conceptual design towards a smooth, cost and time effective installation. Moreover, while the correct synergies are established and maintained, the organisational burden has to be minimized, aspect particularly relevant given the intrinsic prototypic nature of projects of this type. This paper describes the system architecture and the tools deployed to integrate the design of the ESS Linear Accelerator and to prepare for its installation.
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WEPRO077	Thermal Neutron Beam Characterization at the HRPT Instrument at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source	neutron, simulation, shielding, target	2134
	V. Talanov, D. Cheptiakov, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, T. Panzner, V. Pomjakushin, E. Rantsiou, T. Reiss, M. Wohlmuther PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ) at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) provides beams of thermal and cold neutrons to different neutron instruments. In a view of a potential SINQ upgrade, an experimental program characterizing the current performance of SINQ neutron beams was started in 2013. We present experimental results of the irradiation of imaging plates and gold foils at one of SINQ thermal neutron beam lines that hosts the high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPT) and compare the experimental results to the numerical MCNPX simulations of the neutron flux from the SINQ target-moderator system.
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WEPRO080	HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS	target, ion, extraction, neutron	2143
	T. De Melo Mendonca CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.
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WEPRO081	Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre	synchrotron, injection, extraction, ion	2146
	F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria M. Benedikt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper. * P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.
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WEPRO082	A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons	radiation, cyclotron, ion, extraction	2149
	C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.
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WEPRO086	Experimental Activity in the ENEA-Frascati Irradiation Facility with 3-7 MeV Protons	experiment, detector, DTL, linac	2156
	M. Vadrucci, A. Ampollini, F. Bonfigli, M.C. Carpanese, F. Marracino, R.M. Montereali, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M.A. Vincenti ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy F. Ambrosini URLS, Rome, Italy M. Balduzzi, C. Marino, C. Snels ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy M. Balucani, A. Klyshko University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy C. De Angelis, G. Esposito, M.A. Tabocchini ISS, Rome, Italy
	A variable energy (3-7 MeV) and pulsed current (0.1 – 100 μA) proton beam has been made available for different applications (radiobiology experiments, detectors development, material studies) in an irradiation facility at ENEA-Frascati based on the 7 MeV injector of the protontherapy linac under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project. It is a 425 MHz linear accelerator consisting in a 3 MeV RFQ followed by a DTL up to 7 MeV (PL-7 ACCSYS-HITACHI model) followed by an horizontal and a vertical beam transport line. The latter one is particularly suitable for radiobiology in vitro studies allowing to irradiate besides cell monolayes also cell growing in suspension culture. The paper describes the facility and the recent results of the experimental activity.
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WEPRO088	Design of Beam Transport Lines for Radioisotope Production Systems in NIRS Cyclotron Facility	target, beam-transport, cyclotron, emittance	2162
	K. Katagiri, S. Hojo, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, K. Suzuki NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	A new beam transport and a irradiation system were designed for radionuclides production with heat damageable targets. The incident beam is swept along a circle on the irradiation target with fast steering magnets. The width and the sweeping radius of the incident beams were optimized to achieve high production efficiency and avoid the heat damages. Based on those optimized parameters, beam optics of the new beam transport lines was optimized. To obtain initial conditions for the optical calculations, the beam emittance and the Twiss parameters were measured at the upper stream of the new beam transport lines. In this paper, we present the results of the calculations and the optimized beam transport lines.
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WEPRO091	Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR	ion, cyclotron, extraction, synchrotron	2171
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.
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WEPRO095	Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex	ion, target, synchrotron, extraction	2183
	M.M. Kats ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.
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WEPRO099	A Study of the Production of Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy using a Proton Accelerator	neutron, target, cyclotron, ion	2195
	T.R. Edgecock University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J.R.J. Bennett STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S. Green University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom B. Phoenix, M.C. Scott Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
	Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy particularly well-suited to treating aggressive tumours that exhibit a high degree of infiltration of the surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, for example of the brain and lung, provide some of the most challenging problems in oncology. The first element of the therapy is boron-10 which is preferentially introduced into the cancerous cells using a carrier compound. Boron-10 has a very high capture cross-section with the other element of the therapy, thermal neutrons, resulting in the production of a lithium nucleus and an alpha particle which destroy the cell they are created in. However, a large flux of neutrons is required and until recently the only source used was a nuclear reactor. In Birmingham, studies of an existing BNCT facility using a 2.8 MeV proton beam and a solid lithium target have found a way to increase the beam power to a sufficient level to allow clinical trials, while maintaining the target solid. In this paper, we will introduce BNCT, describe the work in Birmingham and compare with other accelerator-driven BNCT projects around the World.
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WEPRO100	NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG	lattice, extraction, injection, dynamic-aperture	2198
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.
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WEPRO101	A Compact Superconducting 330 MeV Proton Gantry for Radiotherapy and Computed Tomography	dipole, target, superconducting-magnet, magnet-design	2202
	D.J. Holder Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A.F. Green, H.L. Owen UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by STFC Cockcroft Institute Grant No. ST/G008248/1 The primary advantage of proton beam therapy as a cancer treatment is its ability to maximize the radiation dose delivered to the target volume and minimize the dose to surrounding healthy tissue, due to the inherently narrow Bragg peak at the end of the proton range. This can be further enhanced by imaging the target volume and surrounding tissues using proton Computed Tomography (pCT), which directly measures the energy loss from individual protons to infer the tissue density. Proton energies up to 330 MeV are required for pCT. We describe a superconducting gantry design which can deliver protons for both therapy and pCT with a similar size to existing treatment gantries. The use of ten identical combined-function superconducting dipole magnets minimizes the weight and technical development required. Based on experience with superconducting magnets for carbon gantries it should be possible to change the magnetic field sufficiently quickly to perform spot-scanning over successive layers without inducing quenching. It is envisaged that a combination of cryogenic cooling and cryogen-free cooling will be used to achieve the required operating temperature for the magnet windings.
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WEPRO110	Power Plant Based on Subcritical Reactor and Proton LINAC	neutron, target, booster, coupling	2224
	A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia A.A. Bogdanov KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia
	Nuclear power plant based on accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is considered. Such systems demonstrate higher safety because the fission proceeds in subcritical core and necessary neutron flux is reached with external neutrons generated in target of heavy nuclides. In order to efficiently use ADSR for energy production, it’s needed the total power, generated in the reactor, to be greater than power inputs for charged particles acceleration. The plant driven by middle-energy accelerator, which is cheaper than high-energy accelerators, proposed for these purposes, is considered. So it’s necessary to find other ways to amplify reactor power outputs. Thus, the technical solution to increase power gain of small-sized power plant with a linear proton accelerator (energy 300-400 MeV, average current 5 mA) is proposed. Thermal power up to 300 MW was reached.
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WEPRO112	Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Energy Optimisation	neutron, target, simulation, shielding	2230
	S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	There is a growing interest in the use of neutrons for national security. The majority of work on security focuses on the use of either sealed tube DT fusors or fission sources, e.g. Cf-252. Fusion reactions enable the energy of the neutron beam to be chosen to suit the application, rather than the application being chosen based on the available neutron beam energy. In this paper we discuss simulations of fusion reactions demonstrating the broad range of energies available and methods for adapting the neutron beam energy produced by target/projectile combinations.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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MOYBA01

The Very High Intensity Future

target, linac, ion, heavy-ion

17

J. Wei
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
This paper surveys the key technologies and design challenges that form a basis for the next generation of very high intensity hadron accelerators, including projects operating, under construction, and under design for science and applications at MW beam power level.

Slides MOYBA01 [7.187 MB]

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MOOCA03

Design of High-power Graphene Beam Window

scattering, emittance, target, Windows

45

H.J. Wang, H.T. Jing, H. Qu, J.Y. Tang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Beam window is a key device in high-intensity hadron beam applications, and it is usually used to separate air or other gas environments in the end of beam vacuum duct. Compared with the usually-used window materials such as Inconel alloy, Aluminum alloy and so on, the graphene has extremely high thermal conductivity, high strength and high transparency to high-energy ions. With the maturation of large-size graphene manufacturing technology, we have studied this new-type window for MW-class proton beam. The thermal analyses by the theoretical formula and simulations based on FEA are presented in this paper. Simultaneously, the scattering effect and the lifetime are also discussed. The preliminary results are promising. The same material can also be possibly applied to other devices such as charge-exchange stripping foils, beam monitors and so on.

Slides MOOCA03 [1.467 MB]

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MOPRO011

Employing Twin Crabbing Cavities to Address Variable Transverse Coupling of Beams in the MEIC*

electron, solenoid, cavity, coupling

80

A. Castilla
DCI-UG, León, Mexico
A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Funding: *Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The design strategy of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab contemplates both matching of the emittance aspect ratios and a 50 mrad crossing angle along with crab crossing scheme for both electron and ion beams over the energy range (√s=20-70 GeV) to achieve high luminosities at the interaction points (IPs). However, the desired locations for placing the crabbing cavities may include regions where the transverse degrees of freedom of the beams are coupled with variable coupling strength that depends on the collider rings’ magnetic elements (solenoids and skew quadrupoles). In this work we explore the feasibility of employing twin rf dipoles that produce a variable direction crabbing kick to account for a range of transverse coupling of both beams.

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MOPRO019

Energy Deposition and Quench Level Calculations for Millisecond and Steady-state Quench Tests of LHC Arc Quadrupoles at 4 TeV

simulation, beam-losses, quadrupole, operation

105

N.V. Shetty, B. Auchmann, V. Chetvertkova, A. Lechner, A. Priebe, M. Sapinski, A.P. Verweij, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2013, beam-induced quench tests with 4 TeV protons were performed to probe the quench level of LHC arc quadrupole magnets at timescales corresponding to millisecond beam losses and steady-state losses. As the energy deposition in magnet coils cannot be measured directly, this study presents corresponding FLUKA simulations as well as estimates of quench levels derived with the QP3 code. Furthermore, beam loss monitor (BLM) signals were simulated and benchmarked against the measurements. Simulated and measured BLM signals are generally found to agree within 30 percent.

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MOPRO021

Power Deposition in LHC Magnets With and Without Dispersion Suppressor Collimators Downstream of the Betatron Cleaning Insertion

simulation, dipole, operation, collimation

112

A. Lechner, B. Auchmann, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, P.P. Granieri, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli, N.V. Shetty, E. Skordis, G.E. Steele, A.P. Verweij
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The power deposited in dispersion suppressor (DS) magnets downstream of the LHC betatron cleaning insertion is governed by off-momentum protons which predominantly originate from single-diffractive interactions in primary collimators. With higher beam energy and intensities anticipated in future operation, these clustered proton losses could possibly induce magnet quenches during periods of short beam lifetime. In this paper, we present FLUKA simulations for nominal 7 TeV operation, comparing the existing layout with alternative layouts where selected DS dipoles are substituted by pairs of shorter higher-field magnets and a collimator. Power densities predicted for different collimator settings are compared against present estimates of quench limits. Further, the expected reduction factor due to DS collimators is evaluated.

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MOPRO039

Integrated Simulation Tools for Collimation Cleaning in HL-LHC

simulation, collimation, scattering, lattice

160

R. Bruce, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Lechner, A. Marsili, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, P.G. Ortega, D. Pastor Sinuela, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, B. Salvachua, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Appleby, J. Molson, M. Serluca
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.W. Aßmann
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
S.M. Gibson, L.J. Nevay
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
C. Tambasco
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accommodate an unprecedented stored beam energy of 362~MJ in the nominal configuration and about the double in the high-luminosity upgrade HL-LHC that is presently under study. This requires an efficient collimation system to protect the superconducting magnets from quenches. During the design, it is therefore very important to accurately predict the expected beam loss distributions and cleaning efficiency. For this purpose, there are several ongoing efforts in improving the existing simulation tools or developing new ones. This paper gives a brief overview and status of the different available codes.

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MOPRO041

Multi-turn Tracking of Collision Products at the LHC

simulation, luminosity, betatron, optics

166

A. Marsili, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC - Grant Agreement 284404
The luminosity expected at the interaction points in LHC at 7 TeV will be unprecedented, up to 1034 cm−2 s−1 . Part of the debris produced by the collisions is lost locally im- mediately downstream the Interaction Point (IP), in the matching section and dispersion suppressor. In this paper, the dynamics of collision debris protons is discussed. First, the loss distributions close to the collision points, simulated with two codes – SixTrack and FLUKA – are compared for different layout configurations. Then, SixTrack is used to simulate the fraction of protons that have undergone inelastic interactions with smaller energy and and betatron offsets, which could travel for several turns around the ring and might be lost in other collimation insertions. A preliminary comparison is made between the resulting loss distribution and measurements.

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MOPRO042

Cleaning Performance with 11T Dipoles and Local Dispersion Suppressor Collimation at the LHC

dipole, optics, collimation, simulation

170

R. Bruce, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The limiting location of the present LHC machine in terms of losses on cold magnets are the dispersion suppressors downstream of the betatron collimation insertion (IR7). These losses are dominated by off-energy protons that have by-passed the upstream secondary collimation system but are lost where the dispersion starts to rise. A solution under consideration for intercepting these losses is the addition of new collimators in the dispersive area. This paper discusses first a proposition for the new layout in the DS, where space is made for the new collimators by replacing an existing dipole by shorter and stronger magnets. Furthermore, simulations with SixTrack are presented, which quantify the gain in cleaning from the new collimators.

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MOPRO043

Handling 1 MW Losses with the LHC Collimation System

collimation, simulation, beam-losses, betatron

174

B. Salvachua, R. Bruce, F. Carra, M. Cauchi, E.B. Holzer, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, L. Lari, D. Mirarchi, E. Nebot Del Busto, S. Redaelli, A. Rossi, M. Sapinski, R. Schmidt, G. Valentino, D. Valuch, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Cauchi
UoM, Msida, Malta
L. Lari
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: Research supported by EU FP7 HiLumi LHC (Grant agree. 284404)
The LHC superconducting magnets in the dispersion suppressor of IR7 are the most exposed to beam losses leaking from the betatron collimation system and represent the main limitation for the halo cleaning. In 2013, quench tests were performed at 4 TeV to improve the quench limit estimates, which determine the maximum allowed beam loss rate for a given collimation cleaning. The main goal of the collimation quench test was to try to quench the magnets by increasing losses at the collimators. Losses of up to 1 MW over a few seconds were generated by blowing up the beam, achieving total losses of about 5.8 MJ. These controlled losses exceeded by a factor 2 the collimation design value, and the magnets did not quench.

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MOPRO046

Comparison of MERLIN/SixTrack for LHC Collimation Studies

collimation, optics, scattering, simulation

185

M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, A. Marsili, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C. Tambasco
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

Simulations of the LHC collimation system have been carried out in previous years with the well known SixTrack code with collimation features. MERLIN is a C++ accelerator physics library that has been extended to perform collimation studies. The main features of the code are: its modular nature, allowing the user to easily implement new physics processes such as resistive wakefields and synchrotron radiation, improved scattering routines and the MPI protocol for parallel execution. MERLIN has been configured to use the same scattering routines as SixTrack in order to benchmark the code for the LHC collimation system. In this paper we present a detailed comparison between MERLIN and SixTrack for optics and cleaning inefficiency calculation.

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MOPRO116

Mechanical Engineering and Design of Novel Collimators for HL-LHC

impedance, operation, experiment, collimation

369

F. Carra, A. Bertarelli, A. Dallocchio, L. Gentini, P. Gradassi, A. Manousos, N. Mariani, G. Maîtrejean, N. Mounet, E. Quaranta, S. Redaelli, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In view of LHC intensity upgrades, collimator materials may become a limit to the machine performance: the high RF impedance of Carbon-Carbon composites can lead to beam instabilities, while the Tungsten alloy adopted in tertiary collimators exhibits low robustness in case of beam-induced accidents. An R&D program has been pursued to develop new materials overcoming such limitations. Molybdenum-Graphite, in addition to its outstanding thermal conductivity, can be coated with pure molybdenum, reducing collimator impedance by a factor of 10. A new secondary collimator is being designed around this novel composite. New high-melting materials are also proposed to improve the robustness of tertiary collimators. All the new collimators will be equipped with BPMs, significantly enhancing the alignment speed and the beta-star reach. This implies additional constraints of space, as well as detailed static and fatigue calculations on cables and connectors. This paper describes the mechanical design and the engineering calculations of such future collimators, focusing on the study via state-of-the-art numerical methods of interactions between the particle beams and the new materials adopted.

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MOPME032

PIC Simulations in Low Energy Part of PIP-II Proton Linac

rfq, simulation, emittance, linac

448

G.V. Romanov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The front end of PIP-II linac is composed of a 30 keV ion source, low energy beam transport line (LEBT), 2.1 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and medium energy beam transport line (MEBT). This configuration is currently being assembled at Fermilab to support a complete systems test. The front end represents the primary technical risk with PIP-II, and so this step will validate the concept and demonstrate that the hardware can meet the specified requirements. SC accelerating cavities right after MEBT require high quality and well defined beam after RFQ to avoid excessive particle losses. In this paper we will present recent progress of beam dynamic study, using CST PIC simulation code, to investigate partial neutralization effect in LEBT, halo and tail formation in RFQ, total emittance growth and beam losses along low energy part of the linac.

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MOPME045

Overview on the Design of the Machine Protection System for ESS

target, status, neutron, beam-losses

472

A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Scope of the Machine Protection System (MPS) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to protect equipment located in the accelerator, target station, neutron instruments and conventional facilities, from damage induced by beam losses or malfunctioning equipment. The MPS design function is to inhibit beam production within a few microseconds for the fastest failures at a safety integrity level of SIL2 according to the IEC61508 standard. These requirements result from a hazard and risk analysis being performed for the all systems at ESS. In a next step the architecture and topology of the distributed machine interlock system has been developed and will be presented. At the same time as MPS seeks to protect equipment it must protect the beam by avoiding triggering false stops of beam production, leading to unnecessary downtime of the ESS facility.

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MOPME047

Comparison of the Results of a Hydrodynamic Tunneling Experiment with Iterative FLUKA and BIG2 Simulations

target, simulation, experiment, collider

479

F. Burkart, J. Blanco, D. Grenier, R. Schmidt, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N.A. Tahir
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In 2012, a novel experiment has been performed at the CERN HiRadMat facility to study the impact of a 440 GeV proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), on extended solid copper cylindrical targets. Substantial hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons in the target material has been observed. Iterative FLUKA and BIG2 simulations with the parameters of the actual experiment have been performed. In this paper the results of these simulations will be discussed and compared to the experimental measurements. Furthermore, the implication on the machine protection design for high intensity hadron accelerators as the current LHC and the future High Luminosity LHC will be addressed.

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MOPRI005

The AWAKE Experimental Facility at CERN

electron, plasma, laser, experiment

582

E. Gschwendtner, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, S. Cipiccia, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, C. Heßler, W. Höfle, M. Martyanov, M. Meddahi, J.A. Osborne, A. Pardons, A.V. Petrenko, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

AWAKE, an Advanced Wakefield Experiment is launched at CERN to verify the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration concept. Proton bunches at 400 GeV/c will be extracted from the CERN SPS and sent along a 750m long proton line to the plasma cell, a Rubidium vapour source, where the proton beam drives wakefields reaching accelerating gradients at the order of gigavolt per meter. A high power laser pulse will co-propagate within the proton bunch creating the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas. An electron beam will be injected into the plasma cell to probe the accelerating wakefield. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the CNGS facility. First proton beam to the plasma cell is expected by end 2016. The design of the experimental area and the integration of the new beam-lines as well as the experimental equipment will be shown. The needed modifications of the infrastructure in the facility will be presented.

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MOPRI007

Design and Simulation of a High Intensity Muon Beam Production for Neutrino Experiments.

target, solenoid, emittance, factory

589

H. K. Sayed, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The production process of pions which then decay into muons, yields a muon beam with large transverse and longitudinal emittances. Such beam requires phase space manipulation to reduce the total 6D emittance before it could go through any acceleration stage. The design of the muon beam manipulation is based on Neutrino Factory front end design. In this study we report on a multi objective - multivariable global optimization of the front end using parallel genetic algorithm. The parallel optimization algorithm and the optimization strategy will be discussed and the optimized results will be presented as well.

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MOPRI012

High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37

plasma, emittance, ion, extraction

604

I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.

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MOPRI070

2MeV Electron Cooler for COSY and HESR – First Results

electron, experiment, operation, heavy-ion

765

V. Kamerdzhiev, U. Bechstedt, F.M. Esser, O. Felden, R. Gebel, A.J. Halama, F. Klehr, G. Langenberg, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, K. Reimers, M. Retzlaff, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.M. Kruchkov, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, V.B. Reva, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J. Dietrich
HIM, Mainz, Germany
T. Katayama
Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
L.J. Mao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The 2 MeV electron cooler was installed in the COSY ring in the spring 2013. The new system enables electron cooling in the whole energy range of COSY. The electron beam is guided by longitudinal magnetic field all the way from the electron gun to the collector. This well-proven optics scheme was chosen because of the wide electron energy range of 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual sections of identical design. Electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. Electron beam commissioning and first studies using proton and deuteron beams were carried out. Electron cooling of proton beam up to 1662 MeV kinetic energy was demonstrated. Maximum electron beam energy achieved so far amounted to 1.25 MeV. Voltage up to 1.4 MV was demonstrated. The cooler was operated with electron current up to 0.5 A. The paper provides insights into the recent progress in high energy electron cooling at COSY and perspectives for the HESR ring at FAIR.

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MOPRI074

Conceptual Project Relativistic Electron Cooler for FAIR/HESR

electron, high-voltage, acceleration, cathode

774

V.V. Parkhomchuk, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasiuk, V.B. Reva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich
HIM, Mainz, Germany
V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

To develop a 4 MeV relativistic electron cooling system for the HESR storage ring, which is part of the future GSI facility FAIR, is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the upgrade to 8 MeV of the relativistic electron cooler is essential for the future Electron Nucleon Collider (ENC@FAIR) project. The basic feature of the design are the power for magnet field coils at accelerating and decelerating column is generated by turbines (one option under investigation in this research group) operated on SF6 gas under pressure

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MOPRI077

Hi-Lumi LHC Collimation Studies with MERLIN Code

collimation, optics, scattering, simulation

784

M. Serluca, R. Appleby, J. Molson
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow, H. Rafique, A.M. Toader
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

The collimation system is key to the successful operation of the LHC. Measurements and simulations of the previous run at 4 TeV have shown that the system is ready for the next step, running at 7 TeV, but at the same time some sensitive cleaning locations have been identified. In particular the dispersion suppressors downstream of the betatron cleaning region in IR7 are sensitive to single diffractive scattered protons from the collimator jaws. These particles can lead to magnet quenching. The MERLIN C++ library has been developed to exploit the functionality of an object oriented code, with improved collective effects and scattering routines. New single diffractive and elastic scattering routines, based on a fit of existing experimental data with the Regge theory of soft interactions of high energy scattering, is implemented in MERLIN. In this paper we present the impact of the new single diffractive scattering physics on the cleaning inefficiency of the LHC collimation system for the Achromatic Telescope Squeezing (ATS) PreSqueeze optics scheme, for the HL-LHC project. The results are compared with the same loss map calculated using a SixTrack+K2 like scattering routine.

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MOPRI078

High Power Cyclotrons for Neutrino Experiments

cyclotron, experiment, extraction, vacuum

788

D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
A. Adelmann
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L. Calabretta, D. Campo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA
J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

DAEδALUS* and IsoDAR** experiments needs large intense neutrino fluxes to investigate respectively the CP-Violation in the neutrino sector and the existence of sterile neutrino. DAEδALUS requires three neutrino sources driven by proton beams of ~800 MeV at powers of several megawatts placed at distances of 1.5, 8 and 20 km from the detector. Two cyclotrons working in cascade are chosen to deliver these high power beams. The first cyclotron accelerates the H²⁺ ions beam up to 60 MeV/amu. The beam is then extracted with an electrostatic deflector and reaccelerated up to 800 MeV/amu through a superconducting ring cyclotron. The acceleration of H²⁺ has two advantages: it reduces the space charge effect along the injection and acceleration inside the first cyclotron and allows the extraction of the beam from the last accelerator using a stripper foil. The injector cyclotron can be used in stand-alone mode to drive the IsoDAR experiment, which needs the accelerator placed near an underground neutrino detector. The design and the results of beam dynamic simulations will be shown. the results of preliminary injection and acceleration tests into a cyclotron test bench will be presented.
* J. Alonso et al., arXiv:1006.0260[physics.ins-det] (2010).
** A. Bungau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 141802 (2012).

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MOPRI079

Status of SPES Facility for Acceleration of High Intensity Protons and Production of Exotic Beams

cyclotron, target, neutron, ISOL

791

M.M. Maggiore, A. Andrighetto, M. Calderolla, J. Esposito, P. Favaron, A. Lombardi, M. Manzolaro, A. Monetti, G.P. Prete, L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

Since 2010 the SPES project has entered in the construction phase at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) in Italy. The new high power cyclotron is being assembled and tested by BEST Theratronics company in Canada and the installation at LNL site is scheduled for fall 2014. Such machine is able to deliver two simultaneous proton beams in the energy range of 35-70 MeV and 250-500 uA of current and the facility has been designed in order to operate at the same time two different experimental areas. The three main uses of the high power beams are: production of radioactive beams by ISOL technique, production of radioisotopes for research purpose and high intensity neutron beams generation. The configuration of the facility and the further capabilities as multipurpose experimental laboratory will be presented.

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MOPRI101

Field Simulations and Mechanical Implementation of Electrostatic Elements for the ELENA Transfer Lines

quadrupole, ion, vacuum, experiment

855

D. Barna
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, G. Vanbavinckhove
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) complex at CERN will be extended by an extra low energy anti-proton ring (ELENA) further decelerating the anti-protons thus improving their trapping. The kinetic energy of 100 keV at ELENA extraction facilitates the use of electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments. The mechanical implementation of the electrostatic devices are presented with focus on their alignment, bakeout compatibility, ultra-high vacuum compatibility and polarity switching. Field optimisations for an electrostatic crossing device of three beam lines are shown.

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MOPRI108

Transverse H⁻ Beam Halo Scraper System in the J-PARC L3BT

radiation, injection, linac, operation

876

K. Okabe, M. Kinsho, K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

In the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) 3-GeV rapid cycle synchrotron (RCS), transverse beam halo scraping for the injection beam is required to increase the output beam power. The transverse collimation system at the Linac-RCS beam transport line (L3BT) was utilized in a nominal beam operation because the area of the scraper section was contaminated when scrapers were working. In the summer-autumn period of 2013, we installed a new beam-halo scraper which had optimized scraper heads for mitigation of the radiation around the scraper system. In this poster, we report a preliminary result for a halo scraper at the L3BT.

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MOPRI109

High-Power Proton-Synchrotron Collimation Studies

collimation, synchrotron, quadrupole, target

879

A. Alekou, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Spitzbart
TU Vienna, Wien, Austria

The High-Power Proton-Synchrotron (HP-PS) will be delivering a 2 MW proton beam to a fixed target in order to produce neutrinos within the LAGUNA-LBNO project. A mechanical collimation system is essential to prevent lost particles from hitting the super-feric dipoles of the HP-PS ring and to also limit the equipment irradiation close to the beam. This paper presents how the efficiency of the HP-PS collimator system is optimised with respect to the change of the collimators’ thickness, material and beam halo size.

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MOPRI110

Final Layout and Expected Cleaning for the First Crystal-assisted Collimation Test at the LHC

collimation, simulation, injection, ion

882

D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Galluccio
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
A.M. Taratin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The installation in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of two crystals in the horizontal and vertical planes was accomplished during the present LHC long shutdown (LS1) for crystal collimation studies. An appropriate layout was designed to demonstrate the principle feasibility of crystal collimation at the LHC. Extensive simulation campaigns were made to evaluate different crystal positions and parameters, in order to ensure that the main goals of these first feasibility tests in the LHC are within reach. In this paper, the final layout is presented. An overview of the considerations behind the design choices and the crystal parameters is given, and the expected performance of the system is discussed.

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MOPRI111

Improvements of the Crystal Routine for Collimation Studies

collimation, simulation, scattering, extraction

886

D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.M. Taratin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
I.A. Yazynin
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia

A routine has been implemented to simulate interactions of protons with bent crystals in the collimation version of \texttt{SixTrack}. This routine is optimized in view of producing high-statistics tracking simulations of collimation cleaning assisted by bent crystals. Fine tuning and comparisons with experimental data of coherent effects which a particle can experience in a bent crystal have been carried out. The data taken with 400 GeV beams at the CERN-SPS North Area in the framework of the UA9 experiment are used to benchmark the routine. Further checks on low probability interactions have been made, leading to significant improvements in the description of interactions with crystals. Comparisons with other simulations tools are used to increase our confidence in the scaling to higher energies.

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MOPRI114

Numerical Estimation of the Equivalent Dose Rate after the Irradiation of a Tungsten Collimator by a Low Energy Proton Beam

simulation, cyclotron, radiation, operation

890

V. Talanov, D.C. Kiselev, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The issue of activation of a Tungsten collimator by protons is considered for the incident energy of 12.2 MeV. Two different simulation approaches using the Monte Carlo programs MCNPX and FLUKA are applied to estimate the equivalent remanent dose rate after the irradiation of the collimator. The results of the numerical simulation are then compared to the measured dose levels of the collimator of the COMET cyclotron at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI).

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MOPRI116

Beam Flattening System based on Non-linear Optics for High Power Spallation Neutron Target at J-PARC

octupole, target, optics, neutron

896

S.I. Meigo, A. Akutsu, K.I. Ikezaki, M. Ooi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
H. Fujimori
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

In the Japanese Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) of J-PARC, a mercury is utilized as a target material. Since a serious pitting erosion was found at the target vessel at SNS in ORNL and JSNS, a reduction of a peak current density is required. In order to decrease the peak, we have developed the beam optics based on a non linear using an octupole magnets. In a design calculation, it is found that the peak current density of 30 % can be reduced by introducing the octupole magnets. A status of the design and the experimental results will be reported.

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TUOAA01

Progress Towards Doubling the Beam Power at Fermilab's Accelerator Complex

booster, target, operation, antiproton

904

I. Kourbanis
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy.
After a 16 month shutdown to reconfigure the Fermilab Accelerators for high power operations, the Fermilab Accelerator Complex is again providing beams for numerous Physics Experiments. By using the Recycler to slip stack protons while the Main Injector is ramping, the beam power at 120 GeV can reach 700 KW, a factor of 2 increase. The progress towards doubling the Fermilab's Accelerator complex beam power will be presented.

Slides TUOAA01 [7.059 MB]

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TUOAA02

Design of the LBNE Beamline

target, operation, shielding, extraction

907

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE, contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by a set of magnetic horns into a 204 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable for 2.3 MW operation. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

Slides TUOAA02 [5.781 MB]

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TUYA01

First Experience with Electron Lenses for Beam-beam Compensation in RHIC

electron, solenoid, emittance, hadron

913

W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, X. Gu, J. Hock, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, C. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, A.I. Pikin, T. Samms, Y. Tan, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The head-on beam-beam interaction is the dominant luminosity limiting effect in polarized proton operation in RHIC. To mitigate this effect two electron lenses were installed in the two RHIC rings. We summarize the hardware and electron beam commissioning results to date, and report on the first experience with the electron-hadron beam interaction. In 2014 RHIC is operating with gold beams only. In this case the luminosity is not limited by head-on beam-beam interactions and compensation is not necessary. The goals of this year’s commissioning efforts are a test of all instrumentation; the demonstration of electron and gold beam overlap; the demonstration of electron beam parameters that are sufficiently stable to have no negative impact on the gold beam lifetime; and the measurement of the tune footprint compression from the beam overlap. With these demonstrations, and a lattice with a phase advance that has a multiple of 180 degrees between the beam-beam interaction and electron lens locations, head-on beam-beam compensation can be commissioned in the following year with proton beams.

Slides TUYA01 [11.776 MB]

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TUYB01

Vertical Orbit-excursion Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators (V-FFAGs) and 3D Cyclotrons

cyclotron, closed-orbit, quadrupole, acceleration

956

S.J. Brooks
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

FFAGs with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for rings with fixed-field (e.g. superconducting) magnets. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focussing structure. Scaling type VFFAGs have fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range; they are also isochronous in the ultra-relativistic limit. Extending isochronism to lower velocities requires a slanted orbit excursion: a three-dimensional analogue of a spiral sector cyclotron from 40 to 1500MeV is developed, which is flat at low energies and acquires a slope as the protons become relativistic. This provides more stable tunes than a comparable planar cyclotron. Such machines are promising future candidates for nuclear transmutation using high average power CW beams at ~GeV energies.

Slides TUYB01 [16.187 MB]

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TUPRO004

Polarized Protons and Deuterons at NICA@JINR

collider, luminosity, polarization, ion

1000

A.D. Kovalenko, A.V. Butenko, V.D. Kekelidze, V.A. Mikhaylov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Different aspects of the NICA facility operation in polarized proton and deuteron modes aimed at reaching the highest possible luminosity and polarization degree as well are analysed. The main aim is to provide average luminosity L ≥ 1•1032 cm^-2 s⁻¹ at √sNN ≥ 26-27 GeV for single-spin proton collisions. Optimal schemes of the Siberian Snake insertions to the Nuclotron and NICA collider rings were proposed. The results of simulations are presented and discussed.

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TUPRO009

Simple Models Describing the Time-evolution of Luminosity in Hadron Colliders

luminosity, collider, hadron, operation

1017

M. Giovannozzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In recent years, several studies have been performed to describe the evolution of the losses in circular proton machines. Considerations based on single-particle, non-linear beam dynamics allowed building models that, albeit simple, proved to be in good agreement with measurements. These initial results have been generalised, thus opening the possibility to describe the luminosity evolution in a circular hadron collider. In this paper, the focus is on the derivation of scaling laws for the integrated luminosity, taking into account both burn off and additional pseudo-diffusive effects. The proposed models are applied to the analysis of the data collected during the LHC Run I and the outcome is discussed in detail.

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TUPRO027

First Beam Background Simulation Studies at IR1 for High Luminosity LHC

simulation, background, detector, luminosity

1074

R. Kwee-Hinzmann, S.M. Gibson
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
G. Bregliozzi, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, R. Kersevan, A. Lechner, N.V. Shetty
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S.M. Gibson
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project, the LHC will be significantly upgraded to attain a peak luminosity of up to 8.5 × 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1, thus almost an order of magnitude higher compared to the nominal machine configuration in ATLAS at IP1 and CMS at IP5. In the view of a successful machine setup as well as a successful physics programme, beam induced background studies at IP1 were performed to investigate sources of particle fluxes to the experimental area. In particular as a start of the study, two sources forming the major contributions were simulated in detail: the first one considers inelastic interactions from beam particles hitting tertiary collimators, the second one from beam interactions with residual gas-molecules in the vacuum pipe close by the experiment, referred to as beam-halo and local beam-gas, respectively. We will present these first HL-LHC background studies based on SixTrack and FLUKA simulations, highlighting the simulation setup for the design case in the HL-LHC scenario. Results of particle spectra entering the ATLAS detector region are presented for the latest study version of HL-LHC machine layout (2013).

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TUPRO043

Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair

ion, simulation, linac, extraction

1120

C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.

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TUPRO067

Beam Transport Optimization Studies of the PSI MW-Class Proton Channel

target, simulation, optics, beam-losses

1189

D. Reggiani, D.C. Kiselev, T. Reiss, R. Sobbia, V. Talanov, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The proton channel of the PSI high intensity proton accelerator (HIPA) transports the beam from the extraction point of the ring cyclotron through two meson production graphite targets up to the SINQ spallation source. After many years of continuous improvement, the HIPA accelerator complex has now reached the remarkable beam power of 1.4 MW. The next power upgrade is foreseen for the near future. In order to achieve this further step, an optimization of the beam optics in the proton channel is required with the goal of keeping the beam losses at a reasonable extent and, at the same time improve the beam distribution on the SINQ target.

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TUPRO070

LHeC IR Optics Design Integrated into the HL-LHC Lattice

quadrupole, electron, lattice, luminosity

1198

E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Korostelev, D. Newton
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R. Tomás
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: OPAC fellowship funded by European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485
The LHeC is a proposed upgrade to the LHC to provide electron-proton collisions and explore the new regime of energy and intensity for lepton-nucleon scattering. The work presented here investigates optics and layout solutions allowing simultaneous nucleon-nucleon and lepton-nucleon collisions at separate interaction points compatible with the proposed HL-LHC lattice. A first lattice design has been proposed that collides proton beam 2 with the electron beam. The nominal design calls for a β^* (beta function in the interaction point ) of 10 cm using an extended version of the Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing (ATS) scheme, and a L* (distance to the inner triplet) of 10 m. Modifying these two parameters, β^* and L*, can provide benefits to the current design since the values of these parameters have direct effects on the luminosity, the natural chromaticity and the synchrotron radiation of the electron beam. This work aims to explore the range over which these parameters can be varied in order to achieve the desired goal.

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TUPRO073

RFFAG Decay Ring for nuSTORM

injection, detector, factory, target

1208

J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The nuSTORM facility aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a racetrack ring. Design of racetrack FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) decay ring for nuSTORM project is presented in this paper.

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TUPRO091

Simple Characterization Method of Small High Gradient Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles

quadrupole, linac, focusing, permanent-magnet

1250

C. Ronsivalle, L. Picardi, M. Vadrucci
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
URLS, Rome, Italy

The application of quadrupoles with high or ultra-high gradient and small apertures requires a precise control over harmonic components of the field. A simple, fast, low cost measurement method on small size PMQs (Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles) is described. It is based on the same principle of the familiar "rotating coil technique", but in this case, profiting of the small dimensions of the PMQ, it consists in rotating the PMQ itself instead of the coil. In such way a gain on accuracy and measure time is obtained. It has been applied to characterize a set of commercial PMQs with a gradient around 200 T/m and an internal radius of 3.5 mm to be mounted in a SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) structure for the acceleration of a proton beam from 7 to 12 MeV. This structure has been developed in the framework of the Italian TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radiotherapy) Project

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TUPRO099

Development of a Method for Measuring the Radial Component of the Magnetic Field in AVF Cyclotrons

cyclotron, experiment, simulation, extraction

1274

N.A. Morozov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In AVF cyclotrons the median plane of the magnetic field rather often does not coincide with the mid-plane of their magnetic system. To measure the radial component of the magnetic field, equipment based on search coils is developed and used to correct the median plane of the magnetic field. The equipment for Br mapping is described. The Br mapping and shimming results are presented for two proton therapy IBA C230 cyclotrons.

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TUPRO112

Transient Magnetodynamic Finite Element Analysis of the ISIS M25/2 10Hz Kicker Magnet

simulation, flattop, kicker, target

1313

T.B.J. Mouille
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

In 2007 a second target station (TS2) was added to the ISIS pulsed neutron source at RAL. Two slow kicker magnets are operated in order to direct a 10Hz proton beam toward TS2 through the TS2 Extract Proton Beam line (EPB2). When first manufactured and tested, the M25/2 exhibited an unforeseen magnetic and thermal behaviour. It was quickly identified that this was caused by the eddy currents induced in the laminated core and the mechanical structure of the magnet. Corrective actions were taken to counterbalance their effects but no further analysis was performed at the time. Recent developments in hardware and software make this analysis more feasible. In this paper we present the results of the transient magnetodynamic simulation that was set up in order to model these eddy currents and study their impact on the M25/2 field quality.

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TUPME012

The US Muon Accelerator Program

collider, factory, target, linac

1367

M.A. Palmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359.
A directed R&D program is presently underway in the U.S. to evaluate the designs and technologies required to provide muon-based high energy physics (HEP) accelerator capabilities. Such capabilities have the potential to provide unique physics reach for the HEP community. An overview of the status of the designs for the neutrino factory and muon collider applications is provided. Recent progress in the technology R&D program is summarized.

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TUPME022

Design and Optimization of a Particle Selection System for Muon based Accelerators

solenoid, target, simulation, factory

1395

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In Muon Accelerators muons are produced by impacting high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. Through this process a significant background of protons and electrons are generated, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine. In this paper we propose a two-step particle selection scheme: a chicane to remove the high momentum particles from the beam and a Beryllium block absorber that reduces momentum of all particles in the beam, resulting in the loss of low momentum protons. We review the design and numerically examine its impact on the performance of the muon front-end.

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TUPME023

Overview of a muon capture section for muon accelerators

target, cavity, solenoid, bunching

1398

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We describe a muon capture section to manipulate the longitudinal and transverse phase-space so that to collect efficiently a muon beam produced from an intense proton source target. We show that this can be achieved by using a set of properly tuned rf cavities that captures the beam into string of bunches and aligns them into nearly equal central energies, and a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles. This work elucidates the key parameters that are needed for successful muon capture, such as the required rf frequencies, rf gradients and focusing field. We discuss the sensitivity in performance against the number of different rf frequencies and accelerating rf gradient.

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TUPME030

The LIGHT Beamline at GSI: Shaping Intense MeV Proton Bunches from a Compact Laser-driven Source

laser, cavity, focusing, ion

1419

S. Busold, O. Deppert, M. Roth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold
HIJ, Jena, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold, D. Schumacher
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Brabetz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
F. Kroll
TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
F. Kroll
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

Laser-based proton acceleration as a source of high intensity multi-MeV-range proton bunches became subject of extensive research during the last 15 years and is discussed as potential candidate for various applications. However, their usage often requires special ways of beam shaping first, as the particles are emitted in a wide energy spectrum and with a large divergence angle from the laser matter interaction point. To handle these characteristics, a test stand has been build at GSI Darmstadt, using a pulsed high field solenoid and a radiofrequency cavity to produce intense collimated proton bunches with low energy spread from a TNSA source. In recent experiments, energy compression of an intense proton bunch around 10 MeV central energy to an energy spread of less than 3% could be demonstrated. The particle numbers were in access of 10⁹ protons and the bunch duration was only a few nanoseconds. Even shorter bunches and thus higher particle intensities are possible. This compact laser-driven proton beamline, available now at GSI, will be introduced and latest experimental results presented.

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TUPME033

Scaling of TNSA-accelerated Proton Beams with Laser Energy and Focal Spot Size

laser, target, acceleration, experiment

4093

L. Obst, S. Kraft, J. Metzkes, U. Schramm, K. Zeil
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

By focusing an ultra-short high-intensity laser pulse on a solid target, pulses of protons and other positively charged ions with energies of several 10 MeV per nucleon are generated. The properties of these particle beams such as their energy and absolute number are highly dependent on experimental conditions like laser and target parameters. In order to achieve principal comparability between different experimental campaigns at the Draco laser system at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, a reference setup for the laser ion acceleration experiment was established. A configuration is sought in which proton beams of reproducible characteristics are generated. To ensure a high stability of the proton spectra, the application of longer focal length parabolas (f ~ 1000 mm) will be tested for this setup, according preparatory studies being presented in this paper.

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TUPME069

Proton Electron Accelerator at CERN

plasma, electron, wakefield, experiment

1519

R. Tarkeshian
MPI, Muenchen, Germany

AWAKE is a proton driven plasma-wakefield acceleration at CERN*, that uses long proton bunches ~ 400 ps from the SPS. In a dense plasma, a long proton bunch is subject toμbunching at plasma period due to the self-modulation instability, SMI**. The self-modulated proton bunch generates large amplitude charge separation through resonant wakefield excitation. Numerical simulations show that when seeded the SMI can grow and saturate over ~4 m in a plasma with density in the (1-10) *10¹⁴/cc range. Seeding also allows for deterministic injection of witness bunches in the focusing and accelerating phase of the wakefields. The SPS proton bunch carrying kJ of energy is a unique driver for generation of ~ GeV/m wakefields through 10’s of meters of plasma. The side-injected electrons ~15 MeV can reach GeV energies. The AWAKE experimental layout, the physics of self-modulation, simulation results, plasma source under study, diagnostics plan for bunch modulation measurement using transverse coherent transition radiation***, and phasing of the witness bunch respect to the wave and synchronisation with diagnostics will be presented.****
*A. Caldwel, et. al, Nature Physics 5, 2009
**N. Kumar, A. Pukhov, PRL, 104, 2010
***O. Reimann, R. Tarkeshian, Proc. of IBIC, 2013
**** The work is submitted on behalf of AWAKE collaboration.

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TUPME073

A Novel Laser Ionized Rb Plasma Source for Plasma Wakefield Accelerators

plasma, laser, wakefield, electron

1522

E. Öz, F. Batsch, P. Muggli
MPI-P, München, Germany

Funding: AWAKE collaboration
A proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator* is to be conducted at CERN by the AWAKE collaboration. Externally injected electrons are accelerated in a large gradient (~GeV/m) wakefield. The large gradient is achieved by resonant formation of the wakefield by a train of micro-bunches. Transverse modulation of a long (~12 cm) proton bunch by the self modulation instability** creates these plasma wavelength size (~1 mm) micro-bunches. This resonant mechanism brings a strict requirement on the plasma density uniformity, namely % 0.2, in order for the injected electron bunch to remain in the accelerating and focusing phase of the wakefields. We describe the plasma source*** that satisfies this requirement during the beam plasma interaction. Rb vapor with ~10¹⁵ cm^-3 density is confined in a 10 m long 4 cm diameter, stainless-steel tube which is heated to ~200 Co by an oil heat exchanger. The access to the source during interaction is provided by custom built fast valves. The vapor is fully tunnel ionized (first e-) by a laser forming a 2 mm diameter plasma channel.
* http://awake.web.cern.ch/awake/
** http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.255003
*** http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.093

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TUPME074

First Experiences with the PITZ Plasma Cell for Electron Beam Self-modulation Studies

plasma, electron, experiment, Windows

1525

M. Groß, A. Donat, J.D. Good, M. Khojoyan, G. Koss, M. Krasilnikov, R. Schütze, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
R. Brinkmann
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
F.J. Grüner, G. Pathak
Uni HH, Hamburg, Germany
P. Muggli, E. Öz
MPI-P, München, Germany
D. Richter
HZB, Berlin, Germany
C.B. Schroeder
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The self-modulation of long particle beams in a plasma has recently gained interest in light of the ongoing preparation for the plasma wakefield acceleration experiment of the AWAKE collaboration at CERN. Instrumental to the experiment is the self-modulation of a proton beam to generate bunches short enough for producing high acceleration fields. As electron bunches are easier to handle and the underlying physics is identical, it is judicious to first gain insight into the experimental conditions of the self-modulation of long particle beams in plasma by using electron bunches before progressing to the experiment with proton bunches. The experimental demonstration of self-modulation of an electron bunch is in preparation at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, location Zeuthen (PITZ). In this contribution the fabrication and first experimental tests towards a Lithium plasma cell are highlighted. The distinctive feature of this plasma cell is the addition of side ports for insertion of the ionization laser beam and for diagnostics purposes.

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TUPME077

The Challenge of Interfacing the Primary Beam Lines for the AWAKE Project at CERN

plasma, electron, laser, injection

1534

C. Bracco, B. Goddard, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN foresees the simultaneous operation of a proton, a laser and an electron beam. The first stage of the experiment will consist in proving the self-modulation, in the plasma, of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches. The success of this experiment requires an almost perfect concentricity of the proton and laser beams, over the full length of the plasma cell. The complexity of integrating the laser into the proton beam line and fulfilling the strict requirements in terms of pointing precision of the proton beam at the plasma cell are described. The second stage of the experiment foresees also the injection of electron bunches to probe the accelerating wakefields driven by the proton beam. Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility of injecting the electron beam parallel and with an offset to the proton beam axis. This option would imply that protons and electrons will have to share the last few meters of a common beam line. Issues and possible solutions for this case are presented.

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TUPME078

Electron Injection Studies for the AWAKE Experiment at CERN

electron, plasma, wakefield, injection

1537

A.V. Petrenko, C. Bracco, E. Gschwendtner
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K.V. Lotov
NSU, Novosibirsk, Russia
K.V. Lotov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany

The AWAKE experiment recently approved at CERN will use the self-modulation instability (SMI) of long (12 cm), relativistic (400 GeV/c) proton bunches in dense plasmas to drive wakefields with accelerating gradients at the GV/m level. These accelerating gradients will be probed by externally injected electrons. In order to preserve the plasma uniformity required for the SMI the first experiments will use on-axis injection of a low energy 10-20 MeV electron beam collinearly with the proton beam. In this article we describe the physics of electron injection into the proton driven SMI wakefields. Requirements on the injected electron beam are determined and the final accelerated beam parameters are obtained via numerical simulations.

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TUPME079

A Spectrometer for Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerated Electrons at AWAKE

electron, plasma, simulation, wakefield

1540

S. Jolly, L.C. Deacon, J.A. Goodhand, S.R. Mandry, M. Wing
UCL, London, United Kingdom
S.R. Mandry
MPI, Muenchen, Germany

The AWAKE experiment is to be constructed at the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso facility (CNGS). This will be the first experiment to demonstrate electron acceleration by use of a proton driven plasma wakefield. The 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS will excite a wakefield in a plasma cell several metres in length. To observe the plasma wakefield, electrons of a few MeV will be injected into the wakefield following the head of the proton beam. Simulations indicate that electrons will be accelerated to GeV energies by the plasma wakefield. The AWAKE spectrometer is intended to measure both the peak energy and energy spread of these accelerated electrons. The baseline design makes use of a single dipole magnet to separate the electrons from the proton beam. The dispersed electron beam then impacts on a scintillator screen: the resulting scintillation light is collected and recorded by an intensified CCD camera. The design of the spectrometer is detailed with a focus on the scintillator screen. Results of simulations to optimise the scintillator are presented, including studies of the standard GadOx scintillators commonly used for imaging electrons in plasma wakefield experiments.

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TUPRI001

ESSnuSB: A New Facility Concept for the Production of Very Intense Neutrino Beams in Europe

linac, target, detector, simulation

1550

E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald, P. Poussot, N. Vassilopoulos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of leptonic CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy. This facility will use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund to deliver the neutrino super beam. The ESS linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2022, producing 2 GeV and 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. An upgrade of the power to 10 MW and a frequency of 28 Hz, in which half is for the neutron beam, is necessary for the production of the neutrino beam. The primary proton beam-line completing the linac will consist of switchyards and accumulator rings. The secondary beam-line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, decay tunnel and beam dump. A megaton scale water Cherenkov detector will be located at a baseline of about 500 km in one of the existing mines in Sweden and it will measure the neutrino oscillations. The elements of the primary and secondary beam-lines and all the possible scenarios impacting the design of the ESSnuSB facility as well as the safety issues due to the high irradiation produced are presented and discussed in this paper.

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TUPRI002

The EUROnu Study for Future High Power Neutrino Oscillation Facilities

target, detector, factory, linac

1553

T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The EUROnu project was a 4 year FP7 design study to investigate and compare three possible options for future, high power neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. These three facilities are a Neutrino Factory, a neutrino superbeam from CERN to the Frejus Laboratory and a so-called Beta Beam. The study was completed at the end of 2012 and has produced conceptual designs for the facilities and preliminary cost estimates. The designs were used to determine the physics performance. These have been used to compare the facilities. This paper will describe the designs, physics performance and costs and summarise the recommendations of the study.

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TUPRI005

nuSTORM Horn Optimization Study

target, simulation, optics, controls

1562

A. Liu, A.D. Bross, D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The efficiency of using magnetic horns as a pion collection device has been recognized by several neutrino projects. In the study, we began with a “NuMI-like” horn, which was applied to collect the secondary pions from bombarding the target with 120 GeV/c protons in the nuSTORM proposal. The necessity of optimizing the horn for a non-conventional neutrino beamline like the nuSTORM pion beamline was then acknowledged. This paper presents a detailed description of the optimization objectives, the Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm developed for this specific purpose, and the results of the optimization. With the full G4beamline simulation results, the success of the optimization provides an increase of 16\% in the useful muons in the ring. This methodology can be applied to any neutrino beamline configuration.

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TUPRI008

Target System Concept for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory

target, factory, collider, solenoid

1568

K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

A concept is presented for a Target System in a staged scenario for a Neutrino Factory and eventual Muon Collider, with emphasis on initial operation with a 6.75 GeV proton beam of 1 MW power, and 50 Hz of pulses 3-ns long. A radiation cooled graphite target will be used in the initial configuration, with an option to replace this with a free-liquid-metal-jet target should 4-MW beam power become available at a later stage.

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TUPRI018

Transition Energy Crossing in the Future FAIR SIS-100 for Proton Operation

space-charge, quadrupole, synchrotron, feedback

1591

S. Aumon, D. Ondreka, S. Sorge
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Groß
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

The FAIR project foresees to deliver an intense single bunch beam with 2·10¹³ protons of 50ns duration to the experiments. Besides the original γ_t-shift scenario, an alternative RF proton cycle has been recently studied: the transition energy is crossed with possibly a gamma transition jump. The flexibility of the lattice allowing to change the value of γ_t, a transition crossing has been considered for two possible energies. This challenging scenario is limited by several constraints such as space charge, a small momentum acceptance and by the required RF manipulations aiming to produce the final single bunch beam in the future SIS-100. This paper focuses on how the high intensity beam would suffer of the mismatch in bunch length at transition and new sets of beam parameter are defined for the proton beam. The jump quadrupole system is also presented. The applicability of the foreseen longitudinal feedback system to cure quadrupolar oscillations is also discussed in this paper.

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TUPRI059

The Proton Synchrotron Transverse impedance model

impedance, simulation, kicker, space-charge

4096

S. Persichelli, N. Biancacci, S.S. Gilardoni, M. Migliorati, E. Métral, B. Salvant
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The current knowledge of the transverse impedance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been established by theoretical computations, electromagnetic simulations and beam-based measurements at different energies. The transverse coherent tune and phase advance shifts as a function of intensity have been measured in order to evaluate the total effective transverse impedance and its distribution in the accelerator. In order to understand the beam dynamics, the frequency dependence of the impedance budget has also been evaluated considering the individual contribution of several machine devices. 3D models of many PS elements have been realized to perform accurate impedance simulations, while resistive wall and indirect space charge impedances have been evaluated with theoretical and numerical computations. Finally comparisons between the total budget and the measurement results are presented.

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TUPRI071

Transverse Impedance Measurement in RHIC and the AGS

impedance, injection, betatron, luminosity

1730

N. Biancacci
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Blaskiewicz, Y. Dutheil, C. Liu, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The RHIC luminosity upgrade program aims for an increase of the polarized proton luminosity by a factor 2. To achieve this goal a significant increase in the beam intensity is foreseen. The beam coupling impedance represents a source of detrimental effects for beam quality and stability at high bunch intensities. In this paper, we evaluate a new global transverse impedance in both RHIC and the AGS with recent measurements of tune shift as a function of bunch intensity. The results are compared to past measurements and present impedance model.

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TUPRI099

A Proton Therapy Test Facility: the Radiation Protection Design

radiation, neutron, shielding, target

1805

S. Sandri, L. Picardi, C. Poggi, C. Ronsivalle
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
G. Ottaviano
ENEA-Bologna, Bologna, Italy

A proton therapy test facility with a beam current lower than 10 nA in average, and an energy up to 85 MeV, has to be sited at the Frascati ENEA Research Center, in Italy. The accelerator is composed by a sequence of linear sections. From the radiation protection point of view the source of radiation for this facility is almost completely located at the final target. Physical and geometrical models of the device have been developed and implemented into a radiation transport computer code based on Monte Carlo method. The main scope is the assessment of the dose rates around the radiation source for supporting the safety analysis. For the assessment was used the FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) computer code. A general purpose tool for the calculation of particle transport and interaction with matter, covering an extended range of applications including proton beam analysis. The models implemented into the code are described and the results are presented. The calculated dose rates are reported at different distances from the target. Considerations about personnel safety are issued and the shielding requirements are anticipated.

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TUPRI103

Neutronics Analyses to Support Waste Management for SNS

target, neutron, operation, radiation

1817

I.I. Popova, F.X. Gallmeier
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
M.J. Dayton, S.M. Trotter
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Division of Materials Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC05-96OR22464 with UT-Battelle Corporation for ORNL
According to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) operations plan the facility components are replaced, when they reach their end-of-life due to radiation induced material damage or burn-up or because of mechanical failure or design improvements. During operation these components are exposed to a severe radiation environment and builds up significant activity during its service lifetime. These components must be safely removed, placed in a container for storage, and transported from the site. In order to classify components and suggest appropriate shipping container an accurate estimate of the radionuclide inventory is performed. On the base of calculated radionuclide inventory the spent component is classified and appropriate container for transport and storage is suggested. Container it is being modelled with the facility component, placed inside, in order to perform transport calculations to ensure that the container is compliant with the waste management regulations. Dose rate analyses are performed as well for the exposure prediction of personnel during components change out.

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WEOBA02

Superconducting Linac for Rare Isotope Science Project

linac, cavity, cryomodule, ion

1861

H.J. Kim, H.J. Cha, M.O. Hyun, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.5 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the status of RISP linac design and the development of superconducting cavity and cryomodule.

Slides WEOBA02 [9.226 MB]

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WEZA02

A Staged Muon Accelerator Facility for Neutrino and Collider Physics

collider, factory, linac, target

1872

J.-P. Delahaye
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt, S. Brice, A.D. Bross, D.S. Denisov, E. Eichten, S.D. Holmes, R.J. Lipton, D.V. Neuffer, M.A. Palmer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S.A. Bogacz
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
P. Huber
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
R.D. Ryne
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DE-AC02-76SF00515
Muon-based facilities offer unique potential to provide capabilities at both the Intensity Frontier with Neutrino Factories and the Energy Frontier with Muon Colliders. They rely on a novel technology with challenging parameters, for which the feasibility is currently being evaluated by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). A realistic scenario for a complementary series of staged facilities with increasing complexity and significant physics potential at each stage has been developed. It takes advantage of and leverages the capabilities already planned for Fermilab, especially the strategy for long-term improvement of the accelerator complex being initiated with the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF). Each stage is designed to provide an R&D platform to validate the technologies required for subsequent stages. The rationale and sequence of the staging process and the critical issues to be addressed at each stage, are presented.

Slides WEZA02 [27.263 MB]

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WEXB01

Breaking the 70 MeV Proton Energy Threshold in Laser Proton Acceleration and Guiding Beams to Applications

laser, target, ion, acceleration

1886

M. Roth, S. Bedacht, S. Busold, O. Deppert, G. Schaumann, A. Tebartz, F. Wagner
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, D. Schumacher
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Brabetz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
T.E. Cowan
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
K. Falk, A. Favalli, J.C. Fernandez, C. Gautier, C.E. Hamilton, R.P. Johnson, K. Schoenberg, T. Shimada, G.A. Wurden
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M. Geißel, M. Schollmeier
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
D. Jung
Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
F. Kroll
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

This talk covers recent developments in laser plasma ion acceleration describing the technological challenges in breaking of energy threshold of 70 MeV. The presentation also highlights the recent experimental achievements towards laser ion acceleration and transport in the LIGHT collaboration.

Slides WEXB01 [15.155 MB]

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WEIB01

Global Industrial Development of Accelerators for Charged Particle Therapy

cyclotron, hadron, operation, hadrontherapy

1912

M. Schillo
VMS-PT, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

This paper describes the current situation concerning industrial accelerators for medical hadron therapy facilities. Starting from high level requirements and considerations for a therapy facility more specific requirements for the accelerator will be deduced. The Varian ProBeam cyclotron is shown as an example of a medical accelerator and a statistical overview on other accelerators in us is given. The focus is strictly on industrially available equipment. As hadron facilities are extremely complex systems, in the confined space of this paper some simplifications are unavoidable.

Slides WEIB01 [4.218 MB]

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WEPRO071

Optics Setup in the AGS and AGS Booster for Polarized Helion Beam

resonance, booster, injection, polarization

2115

H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, Y. Dutheil, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V.H. Ranjbar, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, K. Yip, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Future RHIC physics program calls for polarized He3 beam. The He3 beam from the new EBIS source has a relative low rigidity which requires delicate control of injection and RF setup in the Booster. The strong depolarization resonance strength in both AGS and AGS Booster requires careful consideration of beam energy range and optics setup. Recently, the He3 beam was accelerated to 11GeV/n in the AGS. The near term goal fo 3*10¹⁰ at RHIC requires several RF bunch merges in both AGS and the Booster. The beam test results are presented in this paper.

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WEPRO076

Constructing the ESS Linear Accelerator: Pragmatic Approaches to Design and System Integration at the European Spallation Source

software, interface, linac, hardware

2131

G. Lanfranco, M.J. Conlon, N. Gazis, E. Tanke, E. Vaena
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron science facility comprising a linear H⁺ accelerator, a tungsten target station, 22 neutron instruments, a suite of laboratories and a supercomputing data processing centre. The Accelerator project represents about a third of the total ESS construction budget and several European countries participate as in-kind contributing partners to it. It is crucial to guarantee requirements consistency, clarity of interface definition and proper space allocation. Potential functional and design inconsistencies must be promptly detected and actively resolved, bridging the project from the conceptual design towards a smooth, cost and time effective installation. Moreover, while the correct synergies are established and maintained, the organisational burden has to be minimized, aspect particularly relevant given the intrinsic prototypic nature of projects of this type. This paper describes the system architecture and the tools deployed to integrate the design of the ESS Linear Accelerator and to prepare for its installation.

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WEPRO077

Thermal Neutron Beam Characterization at the HRPT Instrument at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source

neutron, simulation, shielding, target

2134

V. Talanov, D. Cheptiakov, U. Filges, S.H. Forss, T. Panzner, V. Pomjakushin, E. Rantsiou, T. Reiss, M. Wohlmuther
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ) at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) provides beams of thermal and cold neutrons to different neutron instruments. In a view of a potential SINQ upgrade, an experimental program characterizing the current performance of SINQ neutron beams was started in 2013. We present experimental results of the irradiation of imaging plates and gold foils at one of SINQ thermal neutron beam lines that hosts the high resolution powder diffractometer (HRPT) and compare the experimental results to the numerical MCNPX simulations of the neutron flux from the SINQ target-moderator system.

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WEPRO080

HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

target, ion, extraction, neutron

2143

T. De Melo Mendonca
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.

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WEPRO081

Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre

synchrotron, injection, extraction, ion

2146

F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
M. Benedikt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper.
* P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.

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WEPRO082

A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons

radiation, cyclotron, ion, extraction

2149

C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.

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WEPRO086

Experimental Activity in the ENEA-Frascati Irradiation Facility with 3-7 MeV Protons

experiment, detector, DTL, linac

2156

M. Vadrucci, A. Ampollini, F. Bonfigli, M.C. Carpanese, F. Marracino, R.M. Montereali, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M.A. Vincenti
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
URLS, Rome, Italy
M. Balduzzi, C. Marino, C. Snels
ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
M. Balucani, A. Klyshko
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
C. De Angelis, G. Esposito, M.A. Tabocchini
ISS, Rome, Italy

A variable energy (3-7 MeV) and pulsed current (0.1 – 100 μA) proton beam has been made available for different applications (radiobiology experiments, detectors development, material studies) in an irradiation facility at ENEA-Frascati based on the 7 MeV injector of the protontherapy linac under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project. It is a 425 MHz linear accelerator consisting in a 3 MeV RFQ followed by a DTL up to 7 MeV (PL-7 ACCSYS-HITACHI model) followed by an horizontal and a vertical beam transport line. The latter one is particularly suitable for radiobiology in vitro studies allowing to irradiate besides cell monolayes also cell growing in suspension culture. The paper describes the facility and the recent results of the experimental activity.

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WEPRO088

Design of Beam Transport Lines for Radioisotope Production Systems in NIRS Cyclotron Facility

target, beam-transport, cyclotron, emittance

2162

K. Katagiri, S. Hojo, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura, K. Suzuki
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

A new beam transport and a irradiation system were designed for radionuclides production with heat damageable targets. The incident beam is swept along a circle on the irradiation target with fast steering magnets. The width and the sweeping radius of the incident beams were optimized to achieve high production efficiency and avoid the heat damages. Based on those optimized parameters, beam optics of the new beam transport lines was optimized. To obtain initial conditions for the optical calculations, the beam emittance and the Twiss parameters were measured at the upper stream of the new beam transport lines. In this paper, we present the results of the calculations and the optimized beam transport lines.

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WEPRO091

Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR

ion, cyclotron, extraction, synchrotron

2171

E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.

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WEPRO095

Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex

ion, target, synchrotron, extraction

2183

M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.

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WEPRO099

A Study of the Production of Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy using a Proton Accelerator

neutron, target, cyclotron, ion

2195

T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R.J. Bennett
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S. Green
University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
B. Phoenix, M.C. Scott
Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy particularly well-suited to treating aggressive tumours that exhibit a high degree of infiltration of the surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, for example of the brain and lung, provide some of the most challenging problems in oncology. The first element of the therapy is boron-10 which is preferentially introduced into the cancerous cells using a carrier compound. Boron-10 has a very high capture cross-section with the other element of the therapy, thermal neutrons, resulting in the production of a lithium nucleus and an alpha particle which destroy the cell they are created in. However, a large flux of neutrons is required and until recently the only source used was a nuclear reactor. In Birmingham, studies of an existing BNCT facility using a 2.8 MeV proton beam and a solid lithium target have found a way to increase the beam power to a sufficient level to allow clinical trials, while maintaining the target solid. In this paper, we will introduce BNCT, describe the work in Birmingham and compare with other accelerator-driven BNCT projects around the World.

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WEPRO100

NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG

lattice, extraction, injection, dynamic-aperture

2198

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.

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WEPRO101

A Compact Superconducting 330 MeV Proton Gantry for Radiotherapy and Computed Tomography

dipole, target, superconducting-magnet, magnet-design

2202

D.J. Holder
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.F. Green, H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by STFC Cockcroft Institute Grant No. ST/G008248/1
The primary advantage of proton beam therapy as a cancer treatment is its ability to maximize the radiation dose delivered to the target volume and minimize the dose to surrounding healthy tissue, due to the inherently narrow Bragg peak at the end of the proton range. This can be further enhanced by imaging the target volume and surrounding tissues using proton Computed Tomography (pCT), which directly measures the energy loss from individual protons to infer the tissue density. Proton energies up to 330 MeV are required for pCT. We describe a superconducting gantry design which can deliver protons for both therapy and pCT with a similar size to existing treatment gantries. The use of ten identical combined-function superconducting dipole magnets minimizes the weight and technical development required. Based on experience with superconducting magnets for carbon gantries it should be possible to change the magnetic field sufficiently quickly to perform spot-scanning over successive layers without inducing quenching. It is envisaged that a combination of cryogenic cooling and cryogen-free cooling will be used to achieve the required operating temperature for the magnet windings.

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WEPRO110

Power Plant Based on Subcritical Reactor and Proton LINAC

neutron, target, booster, coupling

2224

A.G. Golovkina, I.V. Kudinovich, D.A. Ovsyannikov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.A. Bogdanov
KSRC, St. Petersburg, Russia

Nuclear power plant based on accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is considered. Such systems demonstrate higher safety because the fission proceeds in subcritical core and necessary neutron flux is reached with external neutrons generated in target of heavy nuclides. In order to efficiently use ADSR for energy production, it’s needed the total power, generated in the reactor, to be greater than power inputs for charged particles acceleration. The plant driven by middle-energy accelerator, which is cheaper than high-energy accelerators, proposed for these purposes, is considered. So it’s necessary to find other ways to amplify reactor power outputs. Thus, the technical solution to increase power gain of small-sized power plant with a linear proton accelerator (energy 300-400 MeV, average current 5 mA) is proposed. Thermal power up to 300 MW was reached.

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WEPRO112

Fusion Based Neutron Sources for Security Applications: Energy Optimisation

neutron, target, simulation, shielding

2230

S.C.P. Albright, R. Seviour
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

There is a growing interest in the use of neutrons for national security. The majority of work on security focuses on the use of either sealed tube DT fusors or fission sources, e.g. Cf-252. Fusion reactions enable the energy of the neutron beam to be chosen to suit the application, rather than the application being chosen based on the available neutron beam energy. In this paper we discuss simulations of fusion reactions demonstrating the broad range of energies available and methods for adapting the neutron beam energy produced by target/projectile combinations.

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WEPRO117

The Accumulator of the ESSnuSB for Neutrino Production

linac, injection, target, lattice

2245

E.H.M. Wildner, J. Jonnerby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, H.O. Schönauer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Bouquerel, M. Dracos, N. Vassilopoulos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
T.J.C. Ekelöf, R.J.M.Y. Ruber
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
M. Eshraqi, M. Lindroos, D.P. McGinnis
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research centre based on the world’s most powerful neutron source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, using 2.0 GeV, 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 14 Hz for the spallation facility (5MW on target). The possibility to pulse the linac at 28 Hz to deliver, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense, cost effective, high performance neutrino beam. The high current in the horns of the target system for the neutrino production requires proton pulses far shorter than the linac pulse. Therefore an accumulator ring is required after the linac to produce the shorter pulses. Charge exchange injection of an H⁻ beam from the linac would be used. The Linac would deliver 1.1 10¹⁵ protons per pulse. Due to space charge limits, several rings or one ring re-filled several times during the neutrino cycle are necessary. A cost effective design of an accumulator that can handle this large number of ions will be shown, taking into account the structure of the linac pulse and the requirements of the target system. Beam dynamics issues, the injection system, the extraction and the distribution on the targets are addressed.

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WEPME011

2 kW Balanced Amplifier Module for a 30 kW Solid-State Pulsed RF Power Amplifier at 352 MHz

controls, operation, linac, vacuum

2279

A. Kaftoosian, P.J. González
ESS Bilbao, LEIOA, Spain

Design and development of a 30 kW, 352 MHz pulsed RF solid-state power amplifier to be utilized for feeding re-bunching cavities in proton linac, is in progress at ESS-Bilbao. This modular transmitter is based on in-phase combination of compact, water-cooled 2 kW RF power modules, each one consists of two combined LDMOS transistors in balanced configuration. The modules include individual bias control, measurement and supply circuits. Gate modulation is foreseen to increase efficiency in pulsed regime that is up to 3ms RF pulse width and 10% duty cycle. The 2 kW RF power module has been developed and the test results are discussed.

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WEPME043

Design and Qualification of Transparent Beam Vacuum Chamber Supports for the LHCb Experiment

experiment, operation, vacuum, factory

2363

J.L. Bosch, P. Chiggiato, C. Garion
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Beryllium beam vacuum chambers pass through the aperture of the large dipole magnet and particle acceptance region of the LHCb experiment, coaxial to the LHC beam. At the interior of the magnet, a system of rods and cables supports the chambers, holding them rigidly in place, in opposition to the vacuum forces caused by their conical geometry. In the scope of the current upgrade program, the steel and aluminium structural components are replaced by a newly designed system, making use of Beryllium, in addition to a number of organic materials, and are optimized for overall transparency to incident particles. Presented in this paper are the design criteria, along with the unique design developments carried out at CERN, and furthermore, a description of the technologies procured from industrial partners, specifically in obtaining the best solution for the cable components.

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WEPME063

Pulsed Low Level Baseband RF Control of CH-Cavities for p-Linac at FAIR

controls, detector, linac, antiproton

2421

P. Nonn, U. Bonnes, C. Burandt, F. Hug, N. Pietralla
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Klingbeil, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This project was supported by the BMBF under grant No. 05P09RDRB5 and by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR) funded by the State of Hesse within its LOEWE initiative.
At the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany a high intensity antiproton beam will be produced. To provide the necessary 70 mA proton beam a dedicated proton linac (p-Linac) is under construction. The main acceleration will be provided by 9 novel CH-type cavities, of which 6 will be coupled in pairs to share the same klystron. To test the rf properties of these novel cavities, a test stand is under construction. An rf control system for the pulsed operation of these cavities has been developed at TU Darmstadt. It is based upon the digital cw rf control that is successfully in operation as part of the S-DALINAC at IKP Darmstadt. The latest developments will be presented.

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WEPRI090

Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dimitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy

cyclotron, extraction, acceleration, focusing

2703

S.A. Kostromin, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Korovkin, S.P. Mokrenko, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

JINR-IBA C235-V3 isochronous cyclotron for 1st Russian hospital center of the proton therapy has been assembled and tested. Shimming of the magnetic field, optimization of the acceleration modes and testing with the extracted proton beam were done in frame of this work. The paper presents experimental results of the beam dynamics in the accelerator. Proton transmission from radius 30cm to 103cm is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms. The extraction efficiency is 62%. This cyclotron is a substantially modified version C235-V3 of the IBA C235 serial cyclotron. C235-V3 has the improved extraction system which was constructed and tested. This system allows raise the extraction efficiency up to 77% from 50% in comparison with serial C235. Special mapping system (for Br-component) of the magnetic field was developed and constructed by JINR for the shimming of the Br-field in the middle plane of the cyclotron. Total efficiency of the machine is 45%. Further improvement of the parameters expected after final tuning of the cyclotron in Dimitrovgrad.

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WEPRI092

Test and Simulation Results for Quenches Induced by Fast Losses on a LHC Quadrupole

injection, quadrupole, simulation, operation

2706

C. Bracco, B. Auchmann, W. Bartmann, M. Bednarek, A. Lechner, M. Sapinski, R. Schmidt, N.V. Shetty, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, A.P. Verweij
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A test program for beam induced quenches was started in the LHC in 2011 in order to reduce as much as possible BLM-triggered beam dumps, without jeopardizing the safety of the superconducting magnets. A first measurement was performed to assess the quench level of a quadrupole located in the LHC injection region in case of fast (ns) losses. It consisted in dumping single bunches onto an injection protection collimator located right upstream of the quadrupole, varying the bunch intensity up to 3·10¹⁰ protons and ramping the quadrupole current up to 2200 A. No quench was recorded at that time. The test was repeated in 2013 with increased bunch intensity (6·10¹⁰ protons); a quench occurred when powering the magnet at 2500 A. The comparison between measurements during beam induced and quench heaters induced quenches is shown. Results of FLUKA simulations on energy deposition, calculations on quench behaviour using QP3 and the respective estimates of quench levels are also presented.

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THXB01

Accelerators for Medical Application: what is so special?

controls, cyclotron, operation, ion

2807

J.M. Schippers, M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The specific requirements of accelerators for radiation therapy will be discussed. The focus will be on accelerator and beam transport design, but also on operational and formal aspects. We will discuss the special requirements to reach a high reliability for patient treatments as well as an accurate delivery of the dose at the correct position in the patient using modern techniques like pencil beam scanning. The requirements of the beam are quite different from those in a nuclear physics laboratory, such as a special matching of the emittance of the accelerated beam, requirements on beam intensity and stability and prevention of activation. The way of operating a medical device requires not only operators, but also the possibility to have a safe machine operation by non accelerator specialists at different operating sites. Size, weight and price are important for a in a hospital based facility. This is encouraging the application of new developments in superconductivity and has stimulated novel accelerator types and beam sharing schemes. Since certification and legal aspects play an important role in a medical device, these topics will also be discussed.

Slides THXB01 [2.017 MB]

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THOAB02

Options for UK Technetium-99m Production using Accelerators

target, cyclotron, neutron, linac

2815

H.L. Owen
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
J.R. Ballinger
KCL, London, United Kingdom
J. Buscombe
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
R.J. Clarke
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
E. Denton
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
B. Ellis
Central Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
G.D. Flux
Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
L. Fraser
PHE, London, United Kingdom
B.J. Neilly
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A. Paterson
The Society of Radiographers, London, United Kingdom
A. Perkins
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
A.F. Scarsbrook
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom

Recent and ongoing shortages in reactor-based supplies of Molybdenum-99 for hospital production of the important medical radioisotope Technetium-99m have prompted the re-examination of the alternative production methods using conventional and laser-based particle accelerators. At present the UK has no domestic Technetium-99m production and relies exclusively on Technetium-99m generators manufactured overseas; the National Health Service, with professional partners, is therefore examining the options for domestic production to increase security of supply. In this paper we review the accelerator-based methods from a UK perspective, and outline the most promising methods for short- and medium-term supply, which include low-energy cyclotron and photonuclear reaction routes using enriched Molybdenum-100 targets.

Slides THOAB02 [38.942 MB]

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THOAB03

A High Resolution Spatial-temporal Imaging Diagnostic for High Energy Density Physics Experiments

electron, target, scattering, diagnostics

2819

W. Gai
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S. Cao, H.S. Xu, W.-L. Zhan, Z.M. Zhang, Y.T. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
C.-X. Tang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

We present a scheme that uses a high energy electron beam as a probe for time resolved (~ pico – nano seconds) imaging measurements of high energy density processes in materials with spatial resolution of < 1 μm. The device uses an electron bunch train with a flexible time structure penetrating a time varying high density target. By imaging the scattered electron beam, the detailed target profile and its density evolution can be accurately determined. In this paper, we discuss the viability of the concept and show that for densities in the range up to 400 gram/cm³, an electron beam consisting of a train of ~800 MeV bunchlets, each a few ps long and with charges ~nC is suitable. Successful demonstration of this concept will have a major impact for both future fusion science and HEDP physics research.

Slides THOAB03 [2.493 MB]

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THPRO027

Turkish Accelerator Center: The Status and Roadmap

FEL, electron, linac, factory

2921

A.A. Aksoy, O. Yavaş, H.D. Duran Yıldız
Ankara University, Accelerator Technologies Institute, Golbasi / Ankara, Turkey
B. Akkus, S. Özkorucuklu, L.S. Yalcin
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
H. Aksakal, Z. Nergiz
Nigde University, Nigde University Science & Art Faculty, Nigde, Turkey
E. Algin
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
O. Cakir
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

Funding: Ankara University
Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Project has started with support of the Ministry of Development (MD) of Turkey under the coordination of Ankara University. TAC is an inter-university collaboration with 12 Turkish Universities. An IR FEL facility (TARLA) based on Sc linac with 15-40 MeV energy under construction in Ankara as the first facility of TAC. It is expected that the TARLA facility will be commissioning in 2017. In addition to the TARLA, it is planned that Turkish Accelerator Center will include a third generation synchrotron radiation facility based on 1-3 GeV electron synchrotron (TAC SR), a fourth generation SASE FEL facility based on up to 5 GeV electron linac (TAC SASE FEL), a multi-purpose proton accelerator facility with 3 MeV-2 GeV beam energy (TAC PAF) and an electron-positron collider as a super charm factory (TAC PF). Construction phase of the proposed GeV scale accelerator facilities will cover next decade. In this presentation, main goals and road map of Turkish Accelerator Center will be explained. (http://thm.ankara.edu.tr)
*On behalf of TAC collaboration

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THPRO059

Simulation Study on Beam Loss in the Alpha Bucket Regime during SIS-100 Proton Operation

closed-orbit, extraction, simulation, synchrotron

3008

S. Sorge
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Besides heavy ion operation, the heavy ion synchrotron SIS-100 will accelerate a single proton bunch of N=2*10¹³ particles up to the energy E=29 GeV. For the present standard scenario, optics settings have been developed which provide a transition energy according to gamma_tr=45.5 in order to avoid transition crossing during acceleration. At extraction energy the corresponding nonlinear momentum compaction and phase slip factors cause the formation of a so called alpha bucket. In this contribution we present the results of transverse beam loss tracking studies in the alpha bucket regime. The effects of momentum spread, magnet errors and residual closed orbit distortion are analyzed.

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THPRO070

Beam Dynamics Simulations in Cyclotron C230 Considering Imperfections of Magnetic Field Radial Component

cyclotron, acceleration, simulation, focusing

3038

E. Samsonov, S.A. Kostromin, N.A. Morozov, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Simulations concern to a beam axial motion in the IBA cyclotron C230 that is a base facility in several medical centers worldwide. Because of small axial focusing of the beam in a center of the cyclotron the radial component of magnetic field imperfections leads to additional proton losses. Measured maps of the axial and radial components of magnetic field were used in the simulations. It was found that the radial component with value 5-10 G in the center and approximately 2 G in the main region of acceleration leads to decrease of the resulting beam intensity by about two times and to increase the beam axial width by 25% as well. Simulations define the requirements to the experimental radial component shaping for the next cyclotrons of this series. Providing these requirements will ensure an absence of the additional proton losses due to the axial motion perturbations.

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THPRO091

Strength of Horizontal Intrinsic Spin Resonances in the AGS

resonance, polarization, emittance, optics

3098

Y. Dutheil, L. Ahrens, J.W. Glenn, H. Huang, F. Méot, T. Roser, V. Schoefer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Crossing of horizontal intrinsic resonances is today the main source of polarization losses in the AGS, in its dual partial snakes configuration for polarized proton acceleration. Polarization losses were greatly reduced by the AGS tune jump system. However total polarization transmission through the AGS cycle is not yet achieved, still partially due to the horizontal intrinsic resonances. This paper will explore the effect of optical distortions and different horizontal tunes on the strength of horizontal intrinsic resonances. Various options will be presented and practicability will be addressed. Theoretical model and multiparticle trackings using the Zgoubi code will show the expected polarization gains of different scenarios.

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THPRO112

Beam Dynamics Analysis in the Beam Halo Experiments at IHEP

simulation, focusing, experiment, quadrupole

3159

H. Jiang, S. Fu, C. Meng, J. Peng, Y. Zou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

We have measured the beam parameters properly, and also found the RMS matched beam. Now we simulate the matched beam and the mismatched beam using the IMPACT and TraceWin code. We find the simulations can succeed to reproduce the beam profiles without halo for both matched and mismatched beam, but there are some differences for the beam with halo.

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THPME011

First Coupled CH Power Cavity for the FAIR Proton Injector

cavity, linac, coupling, alignment

3232

R. M. Brodhage, G. Clemente, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. M. Brodhage, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

For the research program with cooled antiprotons at FAIR a dedicated 70 MeV, 70 mA proton injector is required. The main acceleration of this room temperature linac will be provided by six CH cavities operated at 325 MHz. Each cavity will be powered by a 2.5 MW Klystron. For the second acceleration unit from 11.5 MeV to 24.2 MeV a 1:2 scaled model has been built. Low level RF measurements have been performed to determine the main parameters and to prove the concept of coupled CH cavities. In 2012, the assembly and tuning of the first power prototype was finished. Until then, the cavity was tested with a preliminary aluminum drift tube structure, which was used for precise frequency and field tuning. In 2013 the final drift tube structure has been welded inside the main tanks and the preparation for copper plating has taken place. This paper will report on the main tuning and commissioning steps towards that novel type of DTL and it will show the latest results measured on a fully operational CH proton cavity shortly before copper plating.

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THPME012

Results of the High Power Test of the 325 MHz 4-Rod RFQ Prototype

rfq, impedance, linac, dipole

3235

B. Koubek, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, J.S. Schmidt
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

For the FAIR proton linac at GSI a 325 MHz 4-rod RFQ prototype has been built. On this prototype RF measure- ments have been carried out. After low power conditioning in cw mode the structure was high power tested in pulsed mode. During the performance tests the 6 stem prototype was optimized and has shown the feasibility of a dipole free 4-rod RFQ at high frequencies and was testet up to 120 kW per meter. In this tests the input power and the electrode voltage was observed using gamma spectroskopy. From this the shunt impedance was calculated and compared to other methods of measurements. The power test results are presented in this paper.

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THPME015

Experimental Performance of an E×B Chopper System

flattop, rfq, ion, dipole

3244

C. Wiesner, H. Dinter, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, T. Nowottnick, O. Payir, U. Ratzinger, P.P. Schneider
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Beam operation of an E×B chopper system has started in the Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ*. The chopper is designed for low-energy high-perveance beams and high repetition rates. It combines a static magnetic deflection field with a pulsed electric compensation field in a Wien filter-type E×B configuration**. Helium ions with 14 keV energy were successfully chopped at the required repetition rate of 257 kHz. The maximum chopped beam intensity of 3.5 mA, limited by the given test ion source, corresponds to a generalized perveance of 2.7·10^-3. For the design species and energy, 120 keV protons, this is equivalent to a beam current of 174 mA. Beam pulses with rise times of 120 ns, flat top lengths of 85 ns to 120 ns and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) between 295 ns and 370 ns were experimentally achieved.
* U. Ratzinger et al., Proc. of IPAC2011, San Sebastián, Spain, WEPS040.
** C. Wiesner et al. Proc. of IPAC2012, New Orleans, LA., USA, THPPP074.

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THPME016

Experimental Results on SCDTL Structures for Protons

beam-transport, coupling, DTL, rfq

3247

L. Picardi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, P. Nenzi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M. Vadrucci
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
URLS, Rome, Italy

The medium-energy section of the proton linear accelerator for radiotherapy under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project consists in a high frequency 7-35 MeV SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) structure. The structure, made of 4 modules supplied by one klystron, has been completely designed. The first module up to 11.6 MeV has been built and is under commissioning at ENEA-Frascati and the second and third modules are under realization. The paper describes the system and presents the main results of the experimental activity on this part of the accelerator.

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THPME017

Electromechanical Analysis of SCDTL Structures

cavity, coupling, feedback, linac

3250

M. Ciambrella, F. Cardelli, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
URLS, Rome, Italy
L. Ficcadenti, V. Pettinacci
INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy

The Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) is a 3 GHz accelerating structure for proton therapy linac designed for TOP-IMPLART, an Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radio-Therapy. The structure is made up of short DTL accelerating tanks for low current proton beams, coupled by side coupling cavities. The purpose of this paper is to report on the analysis of electromagnetic and the thermo-mechanical behavior for the SCDTL structure. The 3D electromagnetic analysis is used to derive the power dissipation on the structure; then one can infer the temperature distribution and deformation field in order to eventually evaluate their feedback on the electromagnetic properties of the structure as, for instance, the cavity resonant frequency shift. Such a "multi-physics'' analysis has been performed for different supporting stem geometries in order to optimize the shunt impedance and the R/Q for SCDTL cavities.

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THPME018

Global Search Methods for Electromagnetic Optimization of Compact Linac Tanks

coupling, linac, cavity, HOM

3253

O. Losito, V. Dimiccoli, G. Rutigliani
ITEL, Ruvo di Puglia, Italy
L. De Palma, F. Prudenzano
Politecnico di Bari (DEI), Bari, Italy

We shows the optimization of a five cell tank to be included as first multi-cavity within a LINAC section accelerating a proton beam from 7 MeV to higher energies, useful for proton therapy. The tank performance depends on a set of physical (beam characteristics) and geometrical parameters (radius and lengths of accelerating and coupling cavities, radius and thickness of the coupling holes among accelerating cells, the radius and the thickness of the coupling holes between off-axis coupling cells and accelerating ones). PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) have been used as approaches for the electromagnetic optimization. The model used for the fitness calculation takes into account all the most important effects occurring in the tank coupled cavities loaded by the proton beam. The codes based on PSO and ACO have enabled the global and stochastic identification of about ten optimized parameters. The design goodness has been tested via Particle and Microwave CST Studio © simulation. The optimized tank accelerates the proton beam input energy from Ein=7 MeV to about Eout= 8.2 MeV. These values, well agree with other designs reported in literature.

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THPME019

LIPAc, the 125mA / 9MeV / CW Deuteron IFMIF’s Prototype Accelerator: What Lessons Have We Learnt from LEDA?

rfq, linac, emittance, space-charge

3256

F. Scantamburlo, J. Knaster, Y. Okumura
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
N. Chauvin, R. Gobin, P.A.P. Nghiem
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
A. Kasughai, H. Shidara
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC), Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan

The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) phase of IFMIF aims at running a 9 MeV / 125 mA / CW deuteron accelerator to demonstrate the feasibility of IFMIF’s 40 MeV / 125 mA / CW accelerator with components mainly designed and constructed in European labs. LEDA was operated successfully in 1999-2001 as a 6.7 MeV / 100 mA / CW proton accelerator with high availability. The present paper assesses the experience gained in LEDA and explains how LIPAc, the IFMIF prototype accelerator, is inheriting its role of breaking through technological boundaries.

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THPME021

Designs of High-intensity Proton Linacs with Non-equipartitioning

linac, emittance, cavity, accelerating-gradient

3262

C. Meng, Z. Li, S. Pei, B. Sun, J.Y. Tang, F. Yan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, A.M. Lombardi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Superconducting technology is playing more and more important roles in high-power proton linacs. Periodic phase advance less than 90 degrees and equipartitioning design are considered very important principles in linac design. Due to the very high construction and operation costs, it is very important in optimizing the design to lower the costs. In usual, the longitudinal emittance is larger from the front-end, thus the transverse phase advance is designed to have a larger value. However, with the technical advancement, higher accelerating field can be obtained. In order to take this advantage, it is of much interest in increasing the longitudinal phase advance to shorten the linac or reduce the cost. In this paper, we present the design method that keeping the longitudinal phase advance as large as possible but smaller than 90 degree to maximize the use of the available accelerating gradient. Even though this method does not observe the equipartitioning condition, we can also obtain very good beam dynamics results by placing the tunes in resonant-free regions. In this paper, the design and simulation results by applying this method to the SPL and China-ADS linac will be present.

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THPME027

Development of the injector II RFQ for China ADS project

rfq, cavity, acceleration, linac

3280

Z.L. Zhang, Y.H. Guo, Y. He, H. Jia, C.X. Li, Y. Liu, L. Lu, G. Pan, A. Shi, L.B. Shi, L.P. Sun, W.B. Wang, X.W. Wang, J.X. Wu, Q. Wu, X.B. Xu, B. Zhang, J.H. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, T.M. Zhu
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
M.D. Hoff, A.R. Lambert, D. Li, J.W. Staples, S.P. Virostek
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

As one of the main components of the injector II of China ADS LINAC project, an RFQ working at 162.5MHz is used to accelerate proton beams of 15mA from 30 keV to 2.1 MeV. The four vane RFQ has been designed in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and built at the workshop of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS). Low power test of the cavity have been completed, and it shows the field flatness is within ±1% and the unloaded Q is 12600. RF conditioning has been completed, results of preliminary beam test show the output beam energy is 2.16 MeV with energy spread of 3.5% and the transmission efficiency is 97.9%. Continuous wave (CW) beam of 2.3 mA has been accelerated for more than one hour.

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THPME031

Beam Dynamics Simulation in SC Linac for the Proton Radiotherapy

linac, simulation, cavity, focusing

3289

S.M. Polozov, I.A. Ashanin, A.V. Samoshin
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Superconducting linear accelerators based on short independently phased SC cavities are widely used today in ADS and FRIB. Such accelerator can be useful as proton therapy beam source*. The accelerator general layout to accelerate proton beam at the energy range 2-240 MeV will detail in this report. Obviously, in this linac will always violate the principle of synchronicity when the synchronous particle velocity is equal to the phase velocity of the accelerating wave and a slipping of particles relative to the accelerating wave. The beam dynamics simulation shows that linac should consist of four groups of identical cavities. Cavities should have phase velocities as βg=0.1, 0.18, 0.3 and 0.49 respectively. The choice of optimum parameters of accelerating cavities and focusing magnets will discussed and the beam dynamics simulation results will presented.
*S.M. Polozov, A.V. Samoshin. Proc. of LINAC’12, pp. 633-635

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THPME043

The ESS Linac

linac, target, rfq, quadrupole

3320

M. Eshraqi, H. Danared, R. De Prisco, M. Lindroos, D.P. McGinnis, R. Miyamoto, M. Muñoz, A. Ponton, E. Sargsyan
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
L. Celona
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Comunian, F. Grespan
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
S.P. Møller, H.D. Thomsen
ISA, Aarhus, Denmark

The European Spallation Source, ESS, uses a linear accelerator to bombard the tungsten target with the high intensity protons beam for producing intense beams of neutrons. The nominal average beam power of the linac is 5~MW with a peak beam power at target of 125~MW. During last year the ESS linac was costed, and to meet the budget a few modifications were introduced to the linac design. One of the major changes is the reduction of final energy from 2.5~GeV to 2.0~GeV and therefore beam current was increased accordingly to compensate for the lower final energy. As a result the linac is designed to meet the cost objective by taking a higher risk. This paper focuses on the driving forces behind the new design, engineering and beam dynamics requirements of the design and finally on the beam dynamics performance of the linac.

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THPME049

TAC Proton Accelerator Facility: Normal Conducting Part

ion-source, ion, DTL, linac

3335

E. Algin
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
B. Akkus, L. Sahin
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
H. Cetinkaya
Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kutahya, Turkey

The Turkish Accelerator Center Proton Accelerator Facility (TAC PAF) based on a 1 MW, 2 GeV proton linac will include both normal conducting and superconducting accelerator structures. The project is currently in the technical design phase. The normal conducting part of the TAC PAF will consist of an ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a radio frequency quadrupole, a medium energy beam transport line, and two drift tube linac structures in order to accelerate the beam up to 65 MeV. Acceleration from 65 MeV up to 150 MeV and then 2 GeV energy will be provided by a SC-spoke cavity and two SC-elliptical cavities, respectively. In the long term, TAC PAF will be used as a neutron source. The accelerator structures, their design, and possible experimental stations of TAC PAF project will be presented.

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THPME053

Cost Rationales for an SRF Proton Linac

cavity, linac, hardware, SRF

3349

F. Marhauser
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

Rationales to assess and minimize costs for a Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) proton linac are outlined. Operating frequency, velocity profile and temperature are regarded as variables when applicable. Hardware plus labor costs for cavities and cryomodules as well as expenditures for facility infrastructures including cryogenic systems, conventional facilities, and relevant subsystems are estimated. The focus is on the assessment of a 10 MW, 1 GeV Continuous Wave (CW) linac for an Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor (ADSR)

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THPME058

Risk Analysis and Machine Protection of SIS100

ion, synchrotron, extraction, septum

3364

C. Omet, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To ensure safe functionality and reduce unneccessary shutdowns, a risk analysis of the main driver accelerator for the FAIR project SIS100, has been done. The analysis includes all major technical systems and was done accordingly to EN 61508. Results of the analysis and appropriate countermeasures for detection and/or mitigation of the failures are presented. Furthermore, an estimation of the accelerator‘s availability is given.

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THPME062

Status of the J-PARC Ring RF Systems

cavity, operation, extraction, impedance

3376

M. Yoshii, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
E. Ezura, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, K. Takata, M. Toda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Schnase
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The high intensity proton accelerator complex (J-PARC) consists of the Linac, the 25Hz rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and the 50GeV main synchrotron (MR). During the long shutdown of 2013, the Linac energy was upgraded from 181MeV to the design value of 400MeV. In the RCS, we have installed the last 12th RF system. In operation from January 2014, beam commissioning aimed at 1 MW operation will be started. In the MR, the upgrade plan of the beam power, realizing by raising the repetition, has been started. For this reason the accelerating voltage must be increased, and all MR RF systems will be replaced with more efficient systems. A new magnetic alloy material (FT3L) has been developed. Manufacturing of the FT3L accelerating cavities has proceeded. It becomes possible to increase the accelerating voltage from 280 kV to 540 kV, using the new cavities in combination with the existing RF power supplies. We have started the developments of a 2nd harmonic system loaded with air-cooled FT3L cores and a high-Q VHF cavity system, too. Both systems are used for longitudinal dilution increase the bunching factor of the circulating high intensity proton beam.

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THPME068

Optics Design of the High-power Proton Synchrotron for LAGUNA-LBNO

optics, injection, dipole, quadrupole

3391

Y. Papaphilippou, J. Alabau-Gonzalvo, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, I. Efthymiopoulos, R. Steerenberg
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by EC/FP7 grant 284518
The prospects for future high-power proton beams for producing neutrinos at CERN within the LAGUNA-LBNO study, include the design of a 2 MW High-Power Pro- ton Synchrotron (HP-PS). In this paper, the optics design of the ring is reviewed, comprising Negative Momentum Compaction (NMC) arc cells and quadrupole triplet long straight sections, flexible enough to achieve the constraints imposed mainly by different beam transfer equipment and processes. A global tunability study is undertaken includ- ing aperture and magnet parameter considerations. Basic correction systems are specified and their impact to beam dynamics including dynamic aperture is finally evaluated.

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THPME069

Performance Studies of the SPS Beam Dump System for HL-LHC Beams

kicker, simulation, operation, optics

3394

F.M. Velotti, O. Aberle, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, F. Cerutti, K. Cornelis, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Kain, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, M. Meddahi, F. Pasdeloup, V. Senaj, G.E. Steele
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam dump system is a concern for the planned High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operation. The system has initially been designed for very different beam parameters compared to those which will reign after the completion of the LHC injectors upgrade, when the SPS will have to operate with unprecedented beam brightness. This paper describes the relevant operational and failure modes of the dump system together with the expected beam loading levels. Tracking studies are presented, considering both normal operation and failure scenarios, with particular attention on the location and level of proton losses. First FLUKA investigations and thermo-mechanical analysis of the high-energy absorber block are described

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THPME075

FNAL - The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)

booster, linac, operation, rfq

3409

W. Pellico, K.A. Domann, F.G. Garcia, K. E. Gollwitzer, K. Seiya, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: The United States Department of Energy
The FNAL Proton Source is currently undergoing a major improvement effort. A plan has been developed and is underway to increase Proton Source throughput while maintaining good availability and acceptable residual activation. The plan addresses hardware modifications to increase repetition rate and improve beam loss while ensuring viable operation of the proton source through 2025. The PIP goals will enable Linac/Booster to: Deliver 2.25·10¹⁷ protons per hour with a 15 HZ cycle rate Availability greater than 85% Maintain residual activation at acceptable levels. The work has been progressing on schedule and is expected to finished by 2018.

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THPME089

On the Suitability of Longitudinal Profile Measurements using Smith-Purcell Radiation for Short High Current Proton Beams

radiation, simulation, detector, optics

3439

J. Barros, N. Delerue, M. Vieille Grosjean
LAL, Orsay, France
I. Dolenc Kittelmann
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C.A. Thomas
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Funding: Financially supported by the Université Paris-Sud (programme "attractivité") and the French ANR (contract ANR-12-JS05-0003-01).
The use of Smith-Purcell radiation to measure electrons longitudinal profiles has been demonstrated at several facilities in the picosecond and sub-picosecond range. There is a strong interest for the development of non intercepting longitudinal profile diagnostics for high current proton beams. We present here results of simulations on the expected yield of longitudinal profile monitors using Smith-Purcell radiation for such proton beams.

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THPME100

The Mechanical Design of the BPM Inter-tank Section for P-linac at FAIR

linac, cavity, impedance, pick-up

3474

M.H. Almalki, R. M. Brodhage, P. Forck, W. Kaufmann, O.K. Kester, P. Kowina, T. Sieber
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M.H. Almalki, R. M. Brodhage, O.K. Kester
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M.H. Almalki
KACST, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
J. Balaguer
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
P. Girardot, C.S. Simon
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

At the planned Proton LINAC at the FAIR facility, four-fold button Beam Position Monitor (BPM) will be installed at 14 locations along the 30 m long FAIR p-LINAC. The LINAC comprises of crossbar H-mode (CH) cavity to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV at frequency of 325 MHz. At four locations, the BPMs will be an integral part of the inter-tank section between the CCH and CH cavities within an evacuated housing. As the BPM centre is only 48 mm apart from the upstream cavity boundary, the rf-background at the BPM position, generated by the cavity must be evaluated. In this paper the mechanical design of the BPM for the inter-tank section is presented and the rf-noise at the BPM location is discussed.

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THPME102

Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR

extraction, ion, detector, target

3480

P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ.
The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.

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THPME103

Beam Current Monitors for FAIR

synchrotron, ion, operation, cryogenics

3483

M. Schwickert, H. Bräuning, F. Kurian, H. Reeg, A. Reiter
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Geithner, W. Vodel
HIJ, Jena, Germany
R. Neubert
FSU Jena, Jena, Germany

The FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerator facility presently under construction at GSI will supply a wide range of beam intensities for physics experiments. Design beam intensities range from 2.5·10¹³ protons/cycle to be delivered to the pBar-target and separator for production of antiprotons, to beams of e.g. 10⁹ ions/s in the case of slowly extracted beams. The large intensity range demands for dedicated beam current monitors for precise, non-destructive beam intensity measurements in the synchrotrons, transport lines and storage rings of the FAIR facility. This report describes GSI developments of purpose-built beam current monitors for the SIS100 synchrotron and high-energy beam transport lines (HEBT) of FAIR. Prototype measurements with a SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparator and a resonant beam charge transformer are presented, and possibilities for further upgrades are discussed.

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THPME120

An Intensity Measurement Method based on Inorganic Scintillators and Optoelectronic Sensors

ion, heavy-ion, experiment, beam-transport

3518

A. Kechler, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, C. Schömers
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) is a heavy ion accelerator facility located at the Heidelberg university hospital and intended for cancer treatment with heavy ions and protons. Currently ionization chambers with highly sensitive charge amplifiers are regularly used for intensity measurements of the high-energy ion beams. A new intensity measuring method will be presented based on the combination of fluorescent light from inorganic scintillators and an optoelectronic sensor with adjacent electronics as an alternative to the ionization chambers. A special measurement set-up with a large-area Si PIN-diode and adapted optics was investigated with respect to signal dynamics, resolution and linearity. The experimental results with proton and carbon beams will be presented in detail. Worth mentioning is a variation in sensitivity relating to the position of the beam spot, which could be reduced to some percent only.

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THPME137

Preliminary Study of Non-invasive Beam Profile Measurements for Proton Beams

electron, gun, detector, ion

3569

H. He, J.S. Cao, Q.Y. Deng, J.H. Junhui, Y.F. Sui, J. Yue, Y. Zhao
IHEP, People's Republic of China
J. Chen
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Funding: This work was supported by NSFC under grant NO.11305186 and No.11205172
Two non-invasive beam profile measurement methods were developed for China high intensity proton beams projects, including CSNS and ADS. The first consists in an IPM (ionization beam profile monitor) system which detect the ionized products from a collision of the beam particle with residual gas atoms or molecules present in the vacuum pipe. The second is an electron beam scanner which using a low energy electron beam instead of a metal wire to sweep through the beam. The deflection of electron beam by the collective field of the high intensity beam is measured. The charge density in the high intensity beam can be restored under certain conditions or estimated by various mathematical techniques. Here we present the design parameters of the IPM system, the signal intensity of ionization products, optimization of the electric field, machine designs of electrode, tracking of the ionization products and so on. The principle of the electron beam scanner and the test results which is based on a commercial electron gun from Kimball Physics are also introduced in details.

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THPME148

Beam Dynamics Issues for a Superconducting Linear Accelerator-based High Power Heavy Ion Machine

linac, emittance, ion, cavity

3602

J.G. Hwang, E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
H. Jang, D. Jeon, H.J. Kim, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The driver linac of RAON heavy ion accelerator based on the superconducting technology, which consists of a 28 GHz ECR ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a RFQ accelerator, a medium energy beam transport line, a low energy linac(SCL1), a charge stripping section and a high energy linac(SCL2), will produce the stable ion beam from proton with 600 MeV to uranium with 200 MeV/u. Many beam dynamics issues such as beam steering effect due to QWR cavities with the peak electric field of 35 MV/m, emittance growth in charge stripper due to the straggling effect, parametric resonance and envelope instability were verified to design the high power heavy ion machine which can produce the high quality beam. In this presentation, we explain our study results for achieving longitudinal acceptance larger than 27 keV/u-ns for the stable operation and minimizing the emittance growth less than 30 % in the superconducting linac for high quality beam at the in-flight target.

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THPME167

Development of Non-invasive Transverse Profile Monitors for the ESS Linac

linac, radiation, photon, detector

3656

C. Roose, C. Böhme, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Källberg
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. In this way, the ESS will be the world's most powerful neutron source. To measure the proton beams transverse profile at high intensity, the ESS develops two types of non-invasive profile devices. The first monitor is based on luminescence of the residual gas, the second one on ionization of the same gas. The latest developments of these profile monitors will be presented.

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THPME168

Proton Beam Imaging Options for the ESS Target

target, radiation, optics, neutron

3659

C.A. Thomas, T.J. Grandsaert, M. Göhran, R. Linander, T.J. Shea
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Conceptual design of an imaging system for the ESS proton beam current density on target is presented. The window separating the linac HV from the 1bar He-filled target station will be used as a source for imaging by means of either OTR or luminescence. The system presents many challenges to be addressed. The window and the primary optics will be exposed to extremely high radiation doses, providing heat cycles and mechanical stresses near the engineering limits, but also may change the surface properties of the window and the optics. The window lifetime expected to be less than 1 year will have to be replace bi-annually, imposing remote handling design for the window but also for part of the optics. In addition, the imaging system should be able to form an image from low to high current beam operations, in order to retrieve beam profile distribution and power density distribution of both static and raster beam, imposing a large numerical aperture (NA), but also to transport the image at more than 15m distance where radiation level is compatible with camera and pc stable operation and human access during commissioning and neutron production.

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THPME173

Beam-based Measurements of the CPS Wire Scanner Precision and Accuracy

emittance, synchrotron, simulation, optics

3674

G. Sterbini, B. Dehning, S.S. Gilardoni, A. Guerrero
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During 2013 run a systematic campaign of beam-based measurement on the CERN Proton Synchrotron wire scanners has been performed. In this work we report the conditions of the measurements, we describe the results and their interpretation. The observations are compatible with an emittance relative precision and accuracy respectively better than 2 % and 5 % in the vertical plane for nTOF beams. The present limitations of the system are discussed and possible solutions are presented.

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THPME185

Design and First Operation of a Silicon-based Non–invasive Beam Monitor

detector, experiment, operation, electronics

3712

T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, K.P. Hennessy, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
T.J. Jones
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Kacperek, B. Marsland, I. Taylor, A. Wray
The Douglas Cyclotron, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the EU under contract PITN-GA-2008-215080 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Non–invasive, highly accurate and reliable beam monitors are a desired aim of any beam diagnostics design. Knowledge of beam parameters is essential in fundamental research, industry or medical applications with varying demands. It is critical for the optimization of ion beams used for cancer treatment. Ocular tumor treatment at the Clatterbridge Cancer Center (CCC) uses a 60 MeV proton beam. Disturbances introduced to a beam by intercepting devices risk affecting its energy and energy spread, thereby limiting its effectiveness for treatment. The advantageous semi-circular structure of the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector has been investigated in the QUASAR Group. It is an interesting option for a non-invasive online beam monitor relying on beam ‘halo’ measurements without disturbing the part of the beam used for treatment. This contribution discusses the measurement method, setup design and integration within the CCC treatment beam line.

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THPRI024

Finding Your Happy-User-Index

operation, target, feedback, electron

3816

A. Lüdeke
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Reliability is defined as the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time. If we are talking about accelerator reliability then we have to know what the required functions are. Many accelerator facilities restrict their analysis to the beam availability: how reliable is beam provided to the users? We will show that this metrics is often not fully adequate. Specific metrics can be much more useful to allow you to optimize your facility to the needs of your users. The three accelerator user facilities at PSI will serve as examples for these happy-user-indexes.

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THPRI026

A Review on Accelerator Operator Training

operation, survey, ISAC, controls

3822

A. Lüdeke, E. Zimoch
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Operators of accelerator facilities have to be trained in order to safely operate their machines. While the amount of training varies between the different types of accelerators, many best-practices could be applied to the training of operators for a variety of different facilities. The aim of our study is to survey the best-practices for operator training for a larger number of accelerator facilities. The results may provide useful insights to advance the training-plans for operators of particle accelerators.

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THPRI061

Perpendicular Biased Ferrite Tuned Cavities for the Fermilab Booster

cavity, booster, TRIUMF, injection

3911

G.V. Romanov, M.H. Awida, T.N. Khabiboulline, W. Pellico, C.-Y. Tan, I. Terechkine, V.P. Yakovlev, R.M. Zwaska
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The aging Fermilab Booster RF system needs an upgrade to support future experimental program. The important feature of the upgrade is substantial enhancement of the requirements for the accelerating cavities. The new requirements include enlargement of the cavity beam pipe aperture, increase of the cavity voltage and increase in the repetition rate. The modification of the present traditional parallel biased ferrite cavities is rather challenging. An alternative to rebuilding the present Fermilab Booster RF cavities is to design and construct new perpendicular biased RF cavities, which potentially offer a number of advantages. An evaluation and a preliminary design of the perpendicular biased ferrite tuned cavities for the Fermilab Booster upgrade is described in the paper. Also it is desirable for better Booster performance to improve the capture of beam in the Booster during injection and at the start of the ramp. One possible way to do that is to flatten the bucket by introducing second harmonic cavities into the Booster. This paper also looks into the option of using perpendicularly biased ferrite tuners for the second harmonic cavities.

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THPRI062

CW Room Temperature Re-buncher for the PIP-II Linac Front End

cavity, linac, beam-transport, experiment

3914

I. Terechkine, M. Chen, I.V. Gonin, S. Kazakov, T.N. Khabiboulline, L. Ristori, G.V. Romanov
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

At Fermilab there is a plan for improvements to the Fermilab accelerator complex aimed at providing a beam power capability of at least 1 MW on target. The essential element of the plan (the Proton Improvement Plan II – PIP-II) is a new 800 MeV superconducting linac. The PIP-II linac includes a room temperature front-end and high energy part based on five types of superconducting cavities used to cover the entire velocity range required for beam acceleration. The room temperature front end is composed of an ion source, low energy beam transport line (LEBT), radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT). The paper reports RF design of the re-buncher for MEBT along with thermal analysis of the cavity.

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THPRI082

Power Upgrade Studies for the ISIS-TS1 Spallation Target

target, neutron, embedded, shielding

3961

C. Bungau, A. Bungau, R. Cywinski, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

ISIS is one of the world's most powerful spallation neutron sources for the study of material structures and dynamics. Currently ISIS has two spallation targets, TS1 operating at proton beam powers of up to 200kW, and TS2 operating to 45kW. This paper focuses upon an upgrade study of TS1 with the goal of increasing the ultimate operating power to 1 MW and beyond. During this study we have taken into consideration the necessity of maintaining the spallation neutron pulse width at current values. The increased heat deposition was monitored and the target plates dimensions were modified to take this into account.

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THPRI083

Target Design for the ISODAR Neutrino Experiment

neutron, target, shielding, cyclotron

3964

A. Bungau, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R. Alonso, L.M. Bartoszek, J.M. Conrad, M. Moulai
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA

This paper focuses on the design of a high-intensity antineutrino source from the production and subsequent decay of Li8. The Geant4 code is used to calculate the anti-neutrino flux that can be obtained along with the production of undesirable contaminants. We present in this paper the optimised design for the target, moderators, reflector and shielding. Engineering issues associated with this design are also discussed in this paper.

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THPRI085

Target Station Design for the Mu2e Experiment

target, solenoid, radiation, remote-handling

3970

V.S. Pronskikh, G. Ambrosio, M.R. Campbell, R.N. Coleman, G. Ginther, V.V. Kashikhin, K.J. Krempetz, M.J. Lamm, A. Lee, A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, V.P. Nagaslaev, A.M. Stefanik, S.I. Striganov, S.J. Werkema
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.M. Bartoszek
Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA
C.J. Densham, P. Loveridge
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
K.R. Lynch, J.L. Popp
CUNY, Bayside, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is devoted to search for the conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus without emission of neutrinos. One of the main parts of the Mu2e experimental setup is its Target Station in which negative pions are generated in interactions of the 8-GeV primary proton beam with a tungsten target. A large-aperture 5-T superconducting production solenoid (PS) enhances pion collection, and an S-shaped transport solenoid (TS) delivers muons and pions to the Mu2e detector. The heat and radiation shield (HRS) protects the PS and the first TS coils. A beam dump absorbs the spent beam. In order for the PS superconducting magnet to operate reliably the sophisticated HRS was designed and optimized for performance and cost. The beam dump was designed to absorb the spent beam and maintaining its temperature and air activation in the hall at the allowable level. Comprehensive MARS15 simulations have been carried out to optimize all the parts while maximizing muon yield. Results of simulations of critical radiation quantities and their implications on the overall Target Station design and integration will be reported.

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THPRI087

Magnet Design for the Target System of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory

target, factory, collider, solenoid

3976

R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The Target System and Pion Decay Channel for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory utilizes a string of solenoid magnet to capture and transport the low-energy pions whose decay provides the desired muon beams. The magnetic field strength at the target is 15-20 T, "tapering" down to 1.5-3 T in the Decay Channel. The superconducting coils which produce these fields must have substantial inner radius to accommodate internal shielding against radiation damage by secondary particles. A significant fraction of the primary beam energy is transported into the Decay Channel via protons, and the Decay Channel includes a magnetic chicane to provide a beam dump for these. The design of the various coils in this scenario is reported.

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THPRI088

Energy Deposition in the Target System of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory

target, factory, collider, shielding

3979

K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

Most of the energy of the primary proton beam of Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory would be deposited in the superconducting coils that provide a solenoid-magnet transport channel for secondary particles, unless those coils are protected by massive internal shielding. Studies are reported of energy deposition in such shielding, with the goal of permitting 10 years operational life at 4-MW beam power. The graphite target should be able to withstand the "thermal shock" induced by the pulsed beam; further study is needed to confirm this.

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THPRI089

Carbon Target Optimization for a Muon Collier/neutrino Factory With a 6.75 GeV Proton Driver

target, factory, collider, solenoid

3982

X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The first phase of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory program may use a 6.75-GeV proton driver with beam power of only 1 MW. At this lower power it is favorable to use a graphite target (replaced quarterly) with beam and target tilted slightly to the axis of the 15-20 T pion-capture solenoid around the target. The low-energy proton beam is significantly deflected by the magnetic field, requiring careful optimization, reported here, of the beam/target configuration.

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FRXBA01

Imaging Systems for 800 MeV Proton Radiography

scattering, quadrupole, experiment, permanent-magnet

4057

F.E. Merrill, D.B. Barlow, C.J. Espinoza, B.J. Hollander, K. Kwiatkowki, J.D. Lopez, F.G. Mariam, D.J. Morley, C.L. Morris, P. Nedrow, A. Saunders, A. Tainter, D. Tupa, J. Tybo
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed the technique of proton radiography as a flash radiography system for the study of dynamic systems. Historically these studies have focused on measuring fundamental material properties of dynamic materials (equation of state, strength, phase transitions) as well as the physical processes important in predicting the hydrodynamic flow of these materials at high velocity pressure and density (instabilities such as Richtmyer-Meshkov, Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz). Recently these techniques have been extended to new applications which benefit from the unique capabilities of 800 MeV proton radiography. These new applications range from the study of metal alloy solidification to medical imaging applications. In addition to extending the application of this capability performance improvements have been investigated for future implementation. The results of dynamic studies and new applications are presented along with a proposed plan for future radiographic improvements.

Slides FRXBA01 [8.667 MB]

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FRXCB01

Overview of Worldwide Accelerators and Technologies for ADS

rfq, cavity, ECR, target

4069

W.M. Pan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

There are many interesting proposals and programs for accelerator driven subcritical facilities for waste transmutation(ADS) in the world, which is to speed up from the basic study to the real facility, and the significant progress in the development of accelerator technologies, in particular, superconducting RF linacs for ADS, but the key technologies in high power proton accelerator are still severe challenges which call for the closer international cooperation. This talk provides a broad overview of worldwide ADS accelerators.

Slides FRXCB01 [10.151 MB]

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FRYCA01

Options and Prospects for the Future of Accelerator-based High-energy Physics

collider, coupling, detector, luminosity

4079

F. Gianotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Recent results from the LHC and other facilities have significantly impacted the landscape of particle physics. This talk summarises the main outstanding questions in high-energy physics and the strategy to address them. Options for future accelerator facilities and their motivations are discussed.

Slides FRYCA01 [16.139 MB]

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