IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (ion)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOYBA01	The Very High Intensity Future	target, linac, proton, heavy-ion	17
	J. Wei FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 This paper surveys the key technologies and design challenges that form a basis for the next generation of very high intensity hadron accelerators, including projects operating, under construction, and under design for science and applications at MW beam power level.
	Slides MOYBA01 [7.187 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOYBA01
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MOZA01	Ultralow Emittance Beam Production based on Doppler Laser Cooling and Coupling Resonance	laser, simulation, coupling, solenoid	28
	A. Noda, M. Nakao NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany Z.Q. He FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Z.Q. He TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China K. Jimbo Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan H. Okamoto, K. Osaki HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan A.V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Souda Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan Y. Yuri JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project by MEXT of Japan. It is also supported by GCOE project at Kyoto University, “The next generation of Physics-Spun from Universality" Doppler laser cooling has been applied to low-energy (40 keV) Mg ions together with the resonant coupling method* at the S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University,. The S-LSR storage ring has a high super periodicity of 6, which is preferable from the beam dynamical point of view. At S-LSR one dimensional ordering of proton beam was already realized for the first time*. Active three dimensional laser cooling has been experimentally demonstrated for ions with un-negligible velocity (v/c=0.0019, where c is the light velocity) for the first time. Utilizing the above mentioned characteristics of S-LSR, an approach to realize ultralow emittances has been pursuit. To suppress heating effects, due to intra-beam scattering, the circulating ion beam intensity was reduced by scraping and beam emittances of 1.3·10^-11 pi m·rad and 8.5·10^-12 pi m·rad (normalized) have been realized for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively with the 40 keV Mg ion beam at a beam intensity of ~10⁴, which is the lowest emittance ever attained by laser cooling. From MD computer simulations, it is predicted that reduction of the ion number to about 10³ is needed to realize a crystalline string. H. Okamoto, A.M. Sessler, D. Moehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 397 (1994). ** T. Shirai et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 204801 (2007).
	Slides MOZA01 [13.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOZA01
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MOPRO004	Polarized Ion Beams in Figure-8 Rings of JLab's MEIC	polarization, solenoid, collider, controls	68
	Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA Y. Filatov JINR, Dubna, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is designed to provide high polarization of both colliding beams. One of the unique features of JLab’s MEIC is figure-8 shape of its rings. It allows preservation and control of polarization of all ion species including small-anomalous-magnetic-moment deuterons during their acceleration and storage. The figure-8 design conceptually expands the capability of obtaining polarized high-energy beams in comparison to conventional designs because of its property of having no preferred periodic spin direction. This allows one to control effectively the beam polarization by means of magnetic insertions with small field integrals. We present a complete scheme for preserving the ion polarization during all stages of acceleration and its control in the collider’s experimental straights.
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MOPRO005	Progress on the Interaction Region Design and Detector Integration at JLab’s MEIC	detector, electron, collider, focusing	71
	V.S. Morozov, P.D. Brindza, A. Camsonne, Y.S. Derbenev, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, F. Lin, P. Nadel-Turonski, M. Ungaro, Y. Zhang, Z.W. Zhao JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA C. Hyde, K. Park Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Z.W. Zhao UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. One of the unique features of JLab's Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) is a full-acceptance detector with a dedicated, small-angle, high-resolution detection system, capable of covering a wide range of momenta (and charge-to-mass ratios) with respect to the original ion beam to enable access to new physics. We present an interaction region design developed with close integration of the detection and beam dynamical aspects. The dynamical aspect of the design rests on a symmetry-based concept for compensation of non-linear effects. The optics and geometry have been optimized to accommodate the detection requirements and to ensure the interaction region's modularity for ease of integration into the collider ring lattices. As a result, the design offers an excellent detector performance combined with the necessary provisions for non-linear dynamical optimization.
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MOPRO012	Simulating Fast Beam-Ion Instability Studies in FFAG-Based ERHIc Rings	electron, simulation, linac, lattice	83
	G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In an electron accelerator, ions generated from the residual gas by the circulating electrons act back to the trailing electrons. Under unfavorable conditions this feed-back can cause unstable motion of the electron bunches, the process known as the fast beam ion instability. Current eRHIC design has two FFAG rings transporting 21 electron beams at 11 different energies. In this study, we use numerical simulation to investigate the fast ion instability in this complicated system, compare the simulation results with theory and discuss possible measures to mitigate the instability.
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MOPRO013	Present Status of Coherent Electron Cooling Proof-of-Principle Experiment	electron, cavity, gun, experiment	87
	V. Litvinenko, Z. Altinbas, D.R. Beavis, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, K.A. Brown, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, L. DeSanto, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, H. Hahn, Y. Hao, C. Ho, Y. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, M. Ilardo, J.P. Jamilkowski, Y.C. Jing, F.X. Karl, D. Kayran, R. Kellermann, N. Laloudakis, R.F. Lambiase, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, W. Meng, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, P. Orfin, A. Pendzick, I. Pinayev, F. Randazzo, T. Rao, J. Reich, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Seda, B. Sheehy, J. Skaritka, L. Smart, K.S. Smith, L. Snydstrup, A.N. Steszyn, R. Than, C. Theisen, R.J. Todd, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, D. Weiss, M. Wilinski, T. Xin, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA G.I. Bell, J.R. Cary, K. Paul, I.V. Pogorelov, B.T. Schwartz, A.V. Sobol, S.D. Webb Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Jecks, N. Miller Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Elizarov SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA M.A. Kholopov, P. Vobly BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia P.A. McIntosh, A.E. Wheelhouse STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by Stony Brook University and by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Coherent Electron Cooling Proof of Principle (CeC PoP) system is being installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It will demonstrate the ability of relativistic electrons to cool a single bunch of heavy ions in RHIC. This technique may increase the beam luminosity by as much as tenfold. Within the scope of this experiment, a 112 MHz 2 MeV Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) electron gun coupled with a cathode stalk mechanism, two normal conducting 500 MHz single-cell bunching cavities, a 704 MHz 20 MeV 5-cell SRF cavity and a helical undulator will be used. In this paper, we provide an overview of the engineering design for this project, test results and discuss project status and plansd.
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MOPME001	Commissioning of the Double Electrostatic Storage Ring DESIREE	experiment, storage-ring, injection, pick-up	373
	A. Källberg, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, E. Bäckström, H. Cederquist, O.M. Hole, M. Kaminska, P. Löfgren, S. Mannervik, R. Nascimento, P. Reinhed, H.T. Schmidt, A. Simonsson Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden S. Rosén Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden
	DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm, is now commissioned and used for experiments. The two 9 m circumference storage rings, which are constructed inside a double walled cryostat, are now cooled to 13 K and routinely used for storage of both negative and positive ions with lifetimes of several minutes. The main properties of DESIREE are presented as well as results from the commissioning and the first experiments.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME001
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MOPME005	Simulation of the Extraction and Transport of a Beam from the SILHI Source with the Warp Code	plasma, extraction, simulation, space-charge	385
	A. Chancé, N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	In a low energy beam transfer (LEBT) line, space charge effects are dominant and make the motion of the particles strongly non-linear. So, the beam dynamics is directly dependent on the 6D distribution of the particles after the ion source extraction system. It is thus essential to simulate accurately the source extraction region and the space charge compensation after it to try to reach an agreement between the simulations and the measurements. Generally, the ion source extraction system is simulated with electrostatic codes (often using simple model for space charge) from which the 6D beam distribution is derived. Then, this distribution can be used as an initial condition to simulate the beam transport in the LEBT with a time dependent PIC code that takes into account space charge compensation. We propose here to simulate accurately the SILHI source extraction system with the Warp and AXCEL-INP codes. The SILHI ion source will be quickly presented and some simulations results will be given and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME005
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MOPME010	A MAD-X Model of the HIT Accelerator	simulation, synchrotron, dipole, controls	397
	R. Cee, M. Galonska, T. Gläßle, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, A. Peters, S. Scheloske HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	For a medical accelerator facility like the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) an online simulation tool with read and write access to the control system and the database is essential for effective beam alignment and beam spot size adjustment at the patient position. Since the commissioning of HIT the simulation programme Mirko from GSI Darmstadt has been in use for the simulation of the beamlines and the synchrotron. While Mirko fully complies with the demands and is still in regular use, the long-term support of the HIT-Mirko derivate cannot be guaranteed. We have therefore started to set up a new simulation environment based on the MAD-X programme from CERN. In a first step we built a MAD-X model of the HIT accelerator using the MAD-X export function of Mirko. The resulting sequences were transformed and extended into executable MAD-X files. The simulation results were validated against Mirko and a good agreement of the calculated beam envelopes could be achieved. Works on the graphical user interface (GUI) for visualisation of and interaction with the beam envelopes and the link to the control system are in progress.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME010
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MOPME013	A Python Poisson Solver for 3D Space Charge Computations in Structures with Arbitrary Shaped Boundaries	simulation, rfq, space-charge, electron	406
	G. Pöplau, C. Potratz COMPAEC e.G., Rostock, Germany
	Numerical techniques in the field of particle accelerators are mainly driven by the design of next-generation accelerators: The need for higher simulation complexity and the necessity for more and more specialized algorithms arises from the ever increasing need to include a broader range of physical effects and geometrical details in a computer simulation. This, on the other hand requires fast and reliable simulation tools for a limited user base. Therefore, new approaches in simulation software development are necessary to provide useful tools that are well-suited for the task at hand and that can be easily maintained and adapted by a small user community. We show how Python can be used to solve numerical problems arising from particle accelerator design efficiently. As model problem, the computation of space charge effects of a bunch in RFQs including the vane geometry was chosen and a suited solver was implemented in Python.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME013
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MOPME019	Study of a Fast Convolution Method for Solving the Space Charge Fields of Charged Particle Bunches	simulation, space-charge, electron, electromagnetic-fields	418
	D. Zheng, A. Markoviḱ, G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
	The kernel of beam dynamics simulations using the particle-in-cell (PIC) model is the solution of Poisson's equation for the electric potential. A very common way to solve Poisson's equation is to use the convolution of charge density and Green's function, the so-called Green's function method. Additionally, the integrated Green's function method* is being used in order to achieve a higher accuracy. For both methods, the convolutions are done using fast Fourier transform based on the convolution theorem. However, the construction of the integrated Green's function and the further convolution is still very time-consuming. The computation can be accelerated without loosing precision if the calculation of Green’s function values is limited to that part of the computational domain with non-zero grid charge density. In this paper we present a general numerical study of these Green's function methods for computing the potential of different bunches: The results can also be used in other simulation codes to improve efficiency. * J. Qiang, S. Lidia, R. D. Ryne, and C. Limborg-Deprey, “A Three-Dimensional Quasi-Static Model for High Brightness Beam Dynamics simulation,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, vol 9, 044204 (2006).
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MOPME022	Investigation of the Breakdown and RF Sheath Potential for EAST ICRF Antenna	plasma, operation, experiment, simulation	424
	H. Yang, S. Dong, L. Shang, K. Tang, C.-F. Wu USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	A new ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna was designed with four current straps in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). It is to provide heating, current drive and some physics experiments in EAST. The breakdown and RF sheath potential for the antenna are investigated by a three dimension electromagnetic code in the paper. The plasma is simulated by a slab with high relative permittivity approximating the plasma loading of the antenna. Calculations show that the maximum of electric field is around the end of the coaxial feeds and the strip line and the electric field is strongly dependent on antenna phasing. Especially the maximum of electric field is decreased to 27.5 KV/cm with the (0,π,π,0) phasing between toroidal straps while the value is 32.8 KV/cm with (0,0,π,π) phasing. A challenge in ICRF is the impurity contamination which is related to sheath potential. The topology of the radio frequency (RF) sheath is optimized to reduce the potential for EAST ICRF antenna. The RF potential is mitigated obviously with the broader side limiter by a factor of 2.
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MOPME024	Progress of the RF Negative Ion Source Research at HUST	plasma, ion-source, experiment, extraction	430
	D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C. Wang, H.K. Yue, C. Zhou HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China J.C. Huang, D. Li, D.W. Liu, Z. Zhang Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology of China To promote the research and talent cultivation for ITER negative ion sources, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has started to develop an experimental facility since 2011 under the support of Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As the first stage, we are building a radio frequency (RF) driver which will produce the plasma for yielding negative ions in the next stage. A deal of experimental research has been carried out on the setup.
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MOPME043	Modeling and Simulation of Beam-induced Plasma in Muon Cooling Devices	plasma, simulation, cavity, electron	466
	K. Yu SBU, Stony Brook, USA M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B.T. Freemire IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA V. Samulyak BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V. Samulyak SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
	Understanding of the interaction of muon beams with plasma in muon cooling devices is important for the optimization of the muon cooling process. We have developed numerical algorithms and parallel software for self-consistent simulation of the plasma production and its interaction with particle beams and external fields. Simulations support the experimental program on the hydrogen gas filled RF cavities in the Mucool Test Area (MTA) at Fermilab. Computational algorithms are based on the electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code SPACE combined with a probabilistic, macroparticle-based implementation of atomic physics processes such as the absorption of the incident particles, ionization of the absorber material, and the generation and evolution of secondary particles in dense, neutral gas. In particular, we have proposed a novel algorithm for dealing with repetitive incident beam, enabling simulations of long time scale processes. Benchmarks and simulations of the experiments on gas-filled RF cavities and prediction for future experiments are discussed. * kwangmin.yu@stonybrook.edu ** rosamu@bnl.gov
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MOPME059	Design of a Multi-harmonic Buncher for LINCE	rfq, bunching, operation, linac	508
	J. Labrador, C. Bonțoiu, J.A. Dueñas, I. Martel University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain M.A. Carrera, A. Garbayo AVS, Elgoibar, Spain A.C.C. Villari FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. Continuous beams delivered by the LINCE ECR ion source will be bunched by a multi-harmonic buncher consisting of two copper-made electrodes. Its numerical design is reported here along with electric and magnetic field maps. Multi-frequency operation is proven by tracking a continuous beam and optimizing the its longitudinal phase space bunching for various ion species under the influence of space charge effects. A thermo-mechanical study carried out in order to estimate the needed water flow through the electrodes is presented as well.
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MOPME068	SiC-JFET Switching Power Supply toward for Induction Ring Accelerators	acceleration, extraction, induction, injection	523
	K. Okamura, K. Takayama, M. Wake, T. Yoshimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Sasaki, K. Takaki Iwate university, Morioka, Iwate, Japan K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto TIT, Yokohama, Japan F. Tamura Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
	Funding: Japan Science and Technology Agency Grant-In Aid for Scientific Research(s) (KAKENHI No. 24310077) A new induction synchrotron system using an induction cell has been developed and constructed at KEK. In that system, the switching power supply is one of the key devices that realize digital acceleration. The requirements of the switching power supply are high voltage (2 kV) and high repetition frequency (1 MHz). In the present system, we used series connected MOSFETs as the switching device. However, series connection gives large complexity and less reliability. Among various switching devices, a SiC-JFET should be a promising candidate because it has ultrafast switching speed and high voltage blocking capability. We have developed a new and original SiC-JFET switching device and a compact switching power supply employing this switching element. Now it is integrated into the induction acceleration system for the KEK-DA. Furthermore we have started development of the next generation of SiC package, which has higher voltage capability (2.4 kV) and 2 in 1 module construction. At the conference, the first experimental demonstration of heavy ion acceleration utilizing the SiC-JFET and the design status of the new device package will be presented. T. Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071302 (2011). ** K. Okamura et al., “A Compact Switching Power Supply Utilizing SiC-JFET for The Digital Accelerator ”, in Proc. of IPAC’12, pp 3677-3679.
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MOPME076	Upgrade of the SPS Injection Kicker System for LHC High Luminosity Operation with Heavy Ion Beam	injection, kicker, impedance, septum	547
	T. Kramer, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, L. Sermeus, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the context of the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade project a performance upgrade for heavy ions is envisaged. One of the performance limitations is the rise time of the present SPS injection kicker system MKP. A reduction of the rise time for lead ions was studied in line with a modification of the whole injection system. This paper briefly describes the different rise time options studied for an initially proposed dedicated ion kicker system MKP-I, focuses however on a cost effective alternative using the presently installed 12 MKPS magnets connected to a new fast pulse forming line. As only 12 out of the 16 injection kicker magnets would be fast enough to be used in an upgraded system, additional deflection has to be provided by the septa. The beam optics for that variant is highlighted and first requirements for the septum elements are stipulated. The paper concludes with a failure analysis of the proposed scheme.
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MOPRI001	Induced Heating Power Evaluation in RIB Transfer Line of SPIRAL2	beam-losses, solenoid, space-charge, ECR	570
	N.Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D. Boutin, F.R. Osswald IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	Radioactive Ion Beams of SPIRAL2 project will be produced in the ECR ion source using the Helium as supporting gas. RIB transported in the transfer lines have a multi-component structure and total current of the beams is defined by Helium ions. The total power of Helium component may reach 300 W. The focusing force acting on the ions in the transfer beam line is strongly dependent on mass-to-charge ratio (this is valid for magnetic optical elements). For this reason supporting gas ions will be lost at initial part of the beam line between ECR ion source and analyzing magnet. The Helium beam losses and induced heating power density at the wall of vacuum tube in RIB transfer line of SPIRAL2 during transportation of Ar, Xe and U ion beam are evaluated in this report.
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MOPRI008	A Compact 2.45 GHz Microwave IOn Source Based High Fluence Irradiation Facility at IUAC, Delhi	plasma, ion-source, extraction, coupling	592
	N. Kumar, R. Ahuja, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, G.O. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India
	A compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source based low energy ion been facility has been developed for performing various experiments in material science and for studies related to plasma physics. The design of the compact microwave source is based on a tunable permanent magnet configuration and is powered by a 2 kW magnetron [1,2]. The double walled, water cooled stainless steel plasma chamber and ridge waveguide have been fabricated using the latest ‘LaserCUSING’ technique. The electron energy distribution functions have been measured in a similar low frequency ion source and validated by model calculations [1]. Extraction of the beam can also be performed at very low voltages in the order of hundreds of volts with high intensities by nullifying the space charge effects with the secondary electrons. The facility will be used for ion implantation, phase formation, surface etching and pattering experiments. The design aspects of the microwave ion source and low energy beam transport system will be presented. * “Studies on the effect of the axial magnetic field on the x-ray bremsstrahlung in a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet microwave ion source” Narender Kumar et. al. accepted for publication in RSI.
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MOPRI009	Study on New Method for Generating Highly Charged Ions with Double Pulse Laser Ion Source	laser, plasma, ion-source, controls	595
	T. Shibuya TIT, Tokyo, Japan N. Hayashizaki RLNR, Tokyo, Japan M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Laser ion source capable of generating high intensity ions is best for the ion source of RI beam facilities. A great deal of effort has been made on particle number as DPIS. Only few attempts have so far been made at generating highly charged ions. One of previous research has reported that Au+53 ions are produced by PALS laser. "Nonlinear process" mechanisms such as resonance absorption and self-focusing were used for this. However, these methods have limitation due to low repetition rate of the laser. Nd (λ=1064nm, E<1.2J, t~10ns) and Yb laser(λ=1030nm, E<10J, t~500fs) systems is possible to operate at 10 - 50Hz repetition rate. This double pulse laser system, with attainable laser intensity up to about 1017[W/cm²], was used to generate highly charged ions of solid target. First, the Nd laser creates a plasma plume. Next, the Yb laser reheats plasma plume by high intensity pulse at delay time of nanosecond. The properties of ions were investigated mainly on the base of time-of-flight method.
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MOPRI010	Laser Ablation Ion Source for the KEK Digital Accelerator	laser, extraction, space-charge, simulation	598
	N. Munemoto Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki RIKEN, Saitama, Japan Y. Fuwa Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan S. Ikeda, K. Takayama TIT, Yokohama, Japan M. Kumaki RISE, Tokyo, Japan M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S. Takano, K. Takayama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Takayama Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK Digital Accelerator (DA) is a small scale induction synchrotron and operated at 10Hz and recently has succeeded to accelerate gaseous ions. There is a strong demand of fully striped carbon ions because the DA is regarded as the second generation of cancer therapy driver, which does not require an injector and electron stripper. We need a novel carbon ion source providing C⁶⁺ beams, which are directly injected into the DA and accelerated up to required energy. For this purpose, a laser ablation ion source(LAIS) is promising. To obtain high yield C⁶⁺ ions from ablation plasma, the laser irradiation condition has been evaluated and relationship between beam properties of charge spectrum, intensity, and temperature, and carbon target materials were examined. Two laser systems, long pulse (6 ns) and short pulse (170 ps), were employed to irradiate a graphite and amorphous carbon target. The current densities and profile of the generated plasmas in time were measured and charge state distributions were analyzed. In addition we will report a full design integrating this LAIS, the extraction system, the longitudinal chopper system, and the low energy beam transport line. T.Yoshimoto et al., presented in this conference ** N.Munemoto et al., Proceedings of ICIS2013, published in Rev. Sci. Inst.
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MOPRI011	Control of Plasma Flux with Pulsed Solenoid for Laser Ion Source	plasma, electron, ion-source, laser	601
	S. Ikeda, K. Horioka TIT, Yokohama, Japan Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki RIKEN, Saitama, Japan T. Kanesue, M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	We discuss the behavior of laser-ablation plasma spreading through a pulsed solenoidal field to minimize the beam emittance of laser-ablation ion source (LIS). LIS is expected to produce high-flux and low emittance ion beams from various solid materials in vacuum because of the high drift velocity and low temperature of the ablation plasma due to the adiabatic expansion. However, the ion flux level from the ablation plasma into an extraction gap changes within a pulse and then the shape of the sheath boundary changes transiently. Then, the integrated emittance is larger than the stroboscopic emittance at a certain time slice. To prevent the transient effect, we tried to control the plasma flux with a pulsed solenoidal magnetic field. The field is expected to change the direction of the plasma flow like a lens. By changing the magnetic flux density according to the transient flux level of ablation plasma, we can expect to control the plasma flux at the extraction gap. To investigate the controllability of the plasma flow, we measured the plasma flux as a function of parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. We scanned ion probes along the beam.
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MOPRI012	High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37	plasma, emittance, extraction, proton	604
	I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.
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MOPRI013	Development of a 14.5 – 18 GHz ECR Ion Source at University of Huelva	ECRIS, solenoid, injection, ion-source	607
	I. Martel, C. Bonțoiu, A.C.C. Villari University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain A. Garbayo AVS, Elgoibar, Spain A.C.C. Villari FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. A double-frequency ECR ion source has been modelled numerically for high-efficiency ion production from protons to uranium. The simulations were targeted at optimizing magnetic confinement of the hot electrons through an iterative design of three solenoids and a dodecapole. In addition a plasma production model has been implemented in order to study ion species yield from neutral gases and their drift towards the cold plasma regions. Eventually, ion extraction and beam capture in the space-charge regime have been performed. Mechanical design studies approached the plasma chamber cooling and magnet coils refrigeration.
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MOPRI014	Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS	extraction, power-supply, ion-source, solenoid	611
	D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.
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MOPRI015	Installing the VESPA H⁻ Ion Source Test Stand at RAL	ion-source, extraction, vacuum, plasma	614
	S.R. Lawrie, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. Whitehead, T. Wood STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	A Penning-type negative hydrogen (H) ion source has been used reliably on the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK for almost 30 years. However a detailed study of the ion source plasma and extraction has never been undertaken. If these properties were known, the beam emittance and losses due to collimation could be reduced, and the lifetime increased. This paper summarises the progress made on installing a Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) to fill the knowledge gap.
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MOPRI016	Hydrogen and Cesium Monitor for H⁻ Magnetron Sources	plasma, cathode, experiment, controls	617
	C.-Y. Tan, D.S. Bollinger, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energ The relative concentration of cesium to hydrogen in the plasma of a H⁻ magnetron source is an important parameter for reliable operations. If there is too much cesium, the surfaces of the source become contaminated with it and sparking occurs. If there is too little cesium then the plasma cannot be sustained. In order to monitor these two elements, a spectrometer has been built and installed on a test and operating source that looks at the plasma. It is hypothesized that the concentration of each element in the plasma is proportional to the intensity of their spectral lines.
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MOPRI019	In-situ Characterization of K2CsSb Photocathodes	cathode, electron, laser, vacuum	627
	M. Schmeißer, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, S.G. Schubert HZB, Berlin, Germany S.G. Schubert BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung contract 05K12CB2 PCHB and Land Berlin. Alkali antimonide photocathodes with high quantum efficiency hold the promise of delivering electrons for high-brightness injectors. A drift type spectrometer (momentatron) was attached to the HZB preparation system to allow in-situ characterization within short time after fabrication and possibly identify correlations between growth process and cathode performance parameters.
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MOPRI038	Study on Quantum Efficiency of NEA-GaAs with Various Thermal Treatments; The Increase in Quantum Efficiency by the Low Temperature Treatment.	electron, site, experiment, vacuum	682
	K. Hayase, R. Chiba, H. Iijima, Y. Inagaki, T. Meguro Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
	Negative electron affinity (NEA) surface are formed by deposition of Cs atoms on p-GaAs, and the drastic increase in the electron emission is observed by the Yo-Yo method. It is necessary to remove oxide layers of GaAs surface for the NEA surface formation, therefore the thermal treatment was carried out prior to the NEA activation. We have discussed the quantum efficiency (QE) with different thermal history. GaAs surfaces cleaned with organic solvents were thermally treated with the temperature sequence of 773K, 823K, and 723K. The NEA activation was carried out at every temperature. The QE less than 1% was obtained with 773K of treatment temperature on the initial surface. Then the QE increased at 10% after treatment at higher 823K. Successive increase of the QE to 13% was observed with a reduced temperature treatment at 723K. The GaAs surfaces after the thermal treatment in the high temperature region with the NEA activation are different from the as-cleaned-GaAs surfaces probably in stoichiometry or morphology due to desorption of As and Ga atoms. The role of thermal treatment with NEA activation is the modification of surface properties important for elevating the QE.
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MOPRI047	The Preparation of Atomically Clean Metal Surfaces for use as Photocathodes in Normally Conducting RF Guns	gun, plasma, laser, electron	711
	T.C.Q. Noakes, A.N. Hannah, K.J. Middleman, B.L. Militsyn, R. Valizadeh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom S. Mistry Loughborough University, Leicestershre, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by FP7 EuCard2 http://cern.ch/eucard2 This work reports a study of various alternative metal samples as candidate materials for use as photocathodes in normally conducting RF guns. Clean surfaces were prepared using Argon ion bombardment and quantum efficiency measured using a 265 nm UV LED light source with a picoammeter for drain current monitoring. Surface composition was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a Kelvin probe apparatus provided work function measurements. Data was taken both before and after annealing to 200°C, a temperature that is routinely achieved during RF gun vacuum baking. Ion bombardment typically leaves a very rough surface that can have a detrimental effect on beam emittance, so further work will focus on the use of Oxygen plasma cleaning of the best candidate alternative metals. An oxygen plasma treated Copper photocathode has been shown to produce an acceptable level of quantum efficiency in the VELA accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory.
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MOPRI067	Beam Cooling Systems and Activities at GSI and FAIR	electron, experiment, pick-up, antiproton	757
	C. Dimopoulou GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Efficient and versatile beam cooling (electron and stochastic cooling) has been an indispensable ingredient for beam preparation and physics experiments at the GSI accelerator complex. The hot secondary beams emerging from the production targets can hardly be used, unless they are cooled. Beam stacking of low-abundant species relies on cooling. Cooling enables high-precision experiments with stored beams, counteracts the heating during internal target operation and controls decelerated beams. New challenges lie ahead within the FAIR project like (i) the ongoing integration downstream of the ESR of the low-energy CRYRING with its electron cooler, (ii) the developments for the demanding CR stochastic cooling system, (iii) the stacking scenarios with RF and stochastic cooling in the HESR/RESR. The function and parameters of the existing and future beam cooling systems are summarized. We report on the latest hardware developments as well as on improvements of the controls and operation software. Recent highlights and results from beam manipulations with cooling at GSI are shown. In focus are those benchmarking experiments, where the concepts for the new FAIR systems are verified. C. Dimopoulou on behalf of the GSI Beam Cooling Department, of the GSI Stored Beams Division and of the FAIR Project Team.
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MOPRI072	Simulation Study of Heavy Ion Beam Injection and Acceleration in the HESR for Internal Target Experiments with Cooling	target, experiment, acceleration, cavity	768
	H. Stockhorst, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich, Germany T. Katayama Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
	Recently, the feature of ion beam injection, storage and acceleration assisted by a barrier bucket and cooling has been investigated in the High Energy Storage Ring HESR at the new facility FAIR which will be built at the GSI Darmstadt. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The simulation studies are now improved to include different injection schemes applying either the barrier cavity or the h = 1 cavity in the HESR. It is outlined how the new 2.5 MeV electron cooler at COSY Jülich or stochastic cooling can support the injection mechanism. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam is extended to 5 GeV/u under the mandatory condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The flexibility of the HESR ring lattice is utilized to avoid transition energy crossing during ramping up to 5 GeV/u and to adjust the rings’ frequency slip factor for optimal stochastic cooling. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a hydrogen target. H. Stockhorst et al., MOPEA018, IPAC13
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MOPRI075	COSY 2 MeV Cooler: Design, Diagnostic and Commissioning	electron, controls, gun, diagnostics	777
	V.B. Reva, N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, A.V. Ivanov, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J. Dietrich DELTA, Dortmund, Germany V. Kamerdzhiev, L.J. Mao FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Julich was proposed to further boost the luminosity in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and for testing new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. The COSY cooler is designed on the classic scheme of low energy coolers like cooler CSRm, CSRe, LEIR that was produced in BINP before. The electron beam is transported inside the longitudinal magnetic field along whole trajectory from an electron gun to a collector. This optic scheme is stimulated by the wide range of the working energies 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual unify section. Each section contains two HV power supply and power supply of the magnetic coils. The electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. This report describes the cooler design, diagnostics, control system and the result of the commissioning in BINP and FZJ at the different energies.
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MOPRI082	Acceleration of High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Beams at RIKEN RI Beam Factory	ion-source, cyclotron, ECRIS, linac	800
	O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Nagatomo RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
	Recent efforts concerning the RIBF accelerators in RIKEN have been directed towards achieving higher beam intensities of very heavy ions such as uranium and xenon. As presented in the last IPAC conference in 2013, the intensities of these ion beams have significantly improved due to the construction of a new injector, RILAC2, which is equipped with a 28-GHz superconducting ECR ion source, the development of a helium gas stripper, and upgrading of the bending power of the fRC. In this light, this paper presents the subsequent upgrade programs carried out in the last couple of years, such as developments of a new air stripper for xenon beams and a micro-oven for metallic ions. The current performance level of the RIBF accelerator complex, as well as a future plan to further increase the beam intensities, are also presented.
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MOPRI083	Improvement of the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of Warsaw U200P Cyclotron	cyclotron, ion-source, injection, ECR	803
	O. Steczkiewicz, P. Gmaj HIL, Warsaw, Poland V. Bekhterev, I.A. Ivanenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	To date, Warsaw U200P cyclotron exploited a mirror inflector to route heavy ions extracted from ECR ion source (10 GHz, 11 kV) to the central region of the cyclotron. However, in such configuration very low transmission was reachable after many optimizations. Additionally, the new ECR ion source (14, 5 GHz, 14-24 kV) was installed, which offers energies far exceeding capabilities of the currently operated inflector and central region. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed a spiral inflector and redesigned central region of the cyclotron. It was a very challenging task, bearing in mind limited volume of central region in our compact machine, to carve these elements suitably for decent versatility of ion beams offered by Warsaw cyclotron. This project was executed in the collaboration with FLNR in Dubna, Russia. The cyclotron equipped with the new central region works in the "constant orbit" regime. Hereby we present the results of both computational simulations and measurements of the beam transmission in upgraded central region.
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MOPRI084	Beam Dynamic into the Transfer RIB Lines to the DESIR Facility at GANIL-SPIRAL2	quadrupole, emittance, diagnostics, vacuum	806
	L. Perrot, H. Cherif IPN, Orsay, France
	Funding: French ANR, Investissements d'Avenir, EQUIPEX Contract number ANR-11-EQPX-0012 The new ISOL facility SPIRAL2 is currently being built at GANIL, Caen France. SPIRAL2 will produce a large number of new radioactive ion beams (RIB) at high intensities. The DESIR facility will receive beams from the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility of GANIL (stable beam and target fragmentation), from the S3 Low Energy Branch (fusion-evaporation and deep-inelastic reactions) and from the SPIRAL2 production cave (n-induced fission of 238U, nucleon transfer and fusion-evaporation reactions). In order to deliver the RIB to the experimental set-ups installed in the DESIR hall, 110 meters of beam line have to be designed, originating from 3 different facilities. This paper will focus on the studies which have been done on these transfer lines: beam optics and errors calculations, quadrupoles, diagnostics and mechanical designs.
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MOPRI085	IMALION – Creation and Low Energy Transportation of a Milliampere Metal Ion Beam	ion-source, ECR, simulation, plasma	809
	A. Silze, M. Kreller, G.H. Zschornack DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany U. Hartung, T. Kopte, T. Weichsel Fraunhofer FEP, Dresden, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Freistaat Sachsen (project no. 100074113 and 100074115). IMALION – which stands for IMplantation of ALuminum IONs – is a facility originally designed for applications in photovoltaics and other branches in semiconductor industry. The idea was to create and guide a milliampere beam of low charged metal ions so that targets with a width of 20 cm and more can be irradiated homogeneously with minimal differences in intensity and entrance angle of the incoming beam over the entire surface. In this poster, we outline the solutions which had to be found during the realization of the project. This concerns the production of a milliampere metal ion current in a newly designed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source combined with an internal sputter magnetron device. Stable operation of the sputter magnetron under ECR magnetic mirror conditions has been proven by optical spectroscopy and Langmuir probe measurements. Furthermore, electrostatic and magnetic beamline elements developed for precision guiding of a low energy but high intensity beam as well as high intensity ion beam diagnostics are presented and ion beam transportation simulations are shown.
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MOPRI086	Status of the PXIE Low Energy Beam Transport Line	solenoid, ion-source, rfq, emittance	812
	L.R. Prost, R. Andrews, A.Z. Chen, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.T.P. D'Arcy UCL, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy A CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac (a.k.a. PIP-II) is envisaged as a possible path for upgrading Fermilab’s injection complex [1]. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator (a.k.a. PXIE) [2] is under construction. The warm part of this accelerator comprises a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2m-long LEBT, a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, and a MEBT that feeds the first cryomodule. In addition to operating in the nominal CW mode, the LEBT should be able to produce a pulsed beam for both PXIE commissioning and modelling of the front-end nominal operation in the pulsed mode. Concurrently, it needs to provide effective means of inhibiting beam as part of the overall machine protection system. A peculiar feature of the present LEBT design is the capability of using the ~1m-long section immediately preceding the RFQ in two regimes of beam transport dynamics: neutralized and space charge dominated. This paper introduces the PXIE LEBT, reports on the status of the ion source and LEBT installation, and presents the first beam measurements.
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MOPRI093	Technical Design of Normal Conducting Re-buncher in the MEBT for Rare Isotope Science Project	cavity, rfq, acceleration, operation	830
	H.J. Kim, W.K. Han, I.S. Hong, D. Jeon IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the RISP of Institute for Basic Science funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and National Research Foundation of Korea.(2011-0032011) The front-end system of RISP heavy-ion accelerator(RAON) consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator and a medium energy beam transport(MEBT) line. The MEBT system, which consists of quadrupole magnets, three normal-conducting re-bunchers and diagnostic devices, is installed between the RFQ accelerator and the superconducting linac(SCL). The three normal-conducting re-bunchers are used to minimize the growths of the longitudinal emittance and to manipulate the particle distribution on longitudinal phase space for beam transportation in SCL. Several combination of the number of cavities was examined, and the quarter wave resonator(QWR) type re-buncher was chosen for MEBT line in RAON. The QWR cavity has a frequency of 81.25 MHz, a maximum electric field of 2.53 MV/m on the cavity surface with an electric field of 1 MV/m on the beam axis, a geometrical beta factor of 0.032 and an effective length of 24 cm. In this presentation, I will present the results of baseline design for electro-magnetic field analysis and mechanical design for stress analysis, thermal stress analysis and cooling channel.
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MOPRI095	Study of Beam Transport Lines for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR	target, quadrupole, extraction, beam-transport	836
	D. Abler Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Carli, A. Garonna CERN, Geneva, Switzerland K.J. Peach JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work was supported by EU FP7 PARTNER (215840) and ULICE (228436). The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) at CERN has been proposed to provide ion beams with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical research, in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and SPS fixed target physics experiments. In the context of this project, two beamlines are proposed for transporting the extracted beam to future experimental end-stations: a vertical beamline for specific low-energy radiobiological research, and a horizontal beamline for radiobiology and medical physics experimentation. This study presents a first linear-optics design for the delivery of 1-5 mm FWHM pencil beams and 5 cm x 5 cm homogeneous broad beams to both endstations. High field uniformity is achieved by selection of the central part of a strongly defocused Gaussian beam, resulting in low beam utilisation.
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MOPRI101	Field Simulations and Mechanical Implementation of Electrostatic Elements for the ELENA Transfer Lines	quadrupole, proton, vacuum, experiment	855
	D. Barna University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, G. Vanbavinckhove CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) complex at CERN will be extended by an extra low energy anti-proton ring (ELENA) further decelerating the anti-protons thus improving their trapping. The kinetic energy of 100 keV at ELENA extraction facilitates the use of electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments. The mechanical implementation of the electrostatic devices are presented with focus on their alignment, bakeout compatibility, ultra-high vacuum compatibility and polarity switching. Field optimisations for an electrostatic crossing device of three beam lines are shown.
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MOPRI104	Measurement of Beam Ioniziation Loss in SIS18	simulation, vacuum, injection, extraction	864
	L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI an ion catcher system has been installed to provide low desorption surfaces for ionization beam loss to reduce dynamic vacuum effects. Medium charge state heavy ions can change their charge state in collission with residual gas molecules. Those ions are cought by the ion catcher system. The ion catcher blocks are mounted electrically insulated, such that it is possible, to directly measure the electrical current, induced by the incident ions. Changes in vacuum density during the acceleration cycle and also the energy dependent decrease of the cross sections for electron loss and electron capture can be measured by this system. Different ion catcher currents, measured during the operation with U²⁸⁺, and their interpretation are presented. The measurement of ionization beam loss is a valuable tool to benchmark the dynamic vacuum simulations.
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MOPRI105	Heavy Ion Induced Desorption Measurements on Cryogenic Targets	target, cryogenics, vacuum, diagnostics	867
	Ch. Maurer, D.H.H. Hoffmann TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, Ch. Maurer, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung FKZ 06DA7031 Heavy-ion impact induced gas desorption is the key process that drives beam intensity limiting dynamic vacuum losses. Minimizing this effect, by providing low desorption yield surfaces, is an important issue for maintaining a stable ultra high vacuum during operation with medium charge state heavy ions. For room temperature targets, investigation shows a scaling of the desorption yield with the beam's near-surface electronic energy loss, i.e. a decrease with increasing energy,. An optimized material for a room temperature ion-catcher has been found. But for the planned superconducting heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 at the FAIR accelerator complex, the ion catcher system has to work in a cryogenic environment. Desorption measurements with the prototype cryocatcher for SIS100 showed an unexpected energy scaling*, which needs to be explained. Understanding this scaling might lead to a better suited choice of material, resulting in a lower desorption yield. An experimental setup for systematic examination of this scaling is presented. The cryogenic beam-induced desorption yield of several materials at different temperatures is examined. H. Kollmus et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 773, 207 (2005)) E. Mahner et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 050102 (2011) * L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, Proc. of IPAC 2012, p. 3239
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MOPRI106	Simulation Study of Beam Halo Collimation in the Heavy-ion Synchrotron SIS 100	collimation, simulation, heavy-ion, injection	870
	I.A. Prokhorov TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Strašík GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Work is supported by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) contract no. 05P12RDRBM The FAIR synchrotron SIS-100 will be operated with high-intensity proton and heavy-ion beams. The collimation system should prevent beam loss induced degradation of the vacuum, activation of the accelerator structure and magnet quenches. A conventional two-stage betatron collimation system is considered for the operation with protons and fully-stripped ions. Particle tracking and ion-collimator interaction simulations of the collimation system were performed. The angular and momentum distributions of the scattered halo particles were described using analytical models and numerical tools like ATIMA and FLUKA. MADX was used for the multi-pass tracking simulations. The results obtained for the collimation cleaning efficiency as a function of the ion species and beam energy together with the detailed beam losses distributions along the ring circumference are presented. This work highlights the main aspects of the collimation of fully-stripped ion beams in the intermediate energy range using conventional two-stage systems.
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MOPRI110	Final Layout and Expected Cleaning for the First Crystal-assisted Collimation Test at the LHC	collimation, simulation, proton, injection	882
	D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Galluccio INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy A.M. Taratin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The installation in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of two crystals in the horizontal and vertical planes was accomplished during the present LHC long shutdown (LS1) for crystal collimation studies. An appropriate layout was designed to demonstrate the principle feasibility of crystal collimation at the LHC. Extensive simulation campaigns were made to evaluate different crystal positions and parameters, in order to ensure that the main goals of these first feasibility tests in the LHC are within reach. In this paper, the final layout is presented. An overview of the considerations behind the design choices and the crystal parameters is given, and the expected performance of the system is discussed.
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TUPRO004	Polarized Protons and Deuterons at NICA@JINR	proton, collider, luminosity, polarization	1000
	A.D. Kovalenko, A.V. Butenko, V.D. Kekelidze, V.A. Mikhaylov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Different aspects of the NICA facility operation in polarized proton and deuteron modes aimed at reaching the highest possible luminosity and polarization degree as well are analysed. The main aim is to provide average luminosity L ≥ 1•1032 cm^-2 s⁻¹ at √sNN ≥ 26-27 GeV for single-spin proton collisions. Optimal schemes of the Siberian Snake insertions to the Nuclotron and NICA collider rings were proposed. The results of simulations are presented and discussed.
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TUPRO005	Status of the NICA Project at JINR	collider, booster, experiment, electron	1003
	G.V. Trubnikov, N.N. Agapov, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, E.D. Donets, E.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, A.D. Kovalenko, O.S. Kozlov, V.A. Matveev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V. Monchinsky, N. Shurkhno, A.O. Sidorin, I. Slepnev, V. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, N.D. Topilin, A. Tuzikov, V. Volkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia O.I. Brovko, A.V. Philippov, N.V. Semin JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
	Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is the new accelerator complex being constructed in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. General goal of the project is to provide experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter. The development of NICA injection complex is actively performed. Construction of new 3.2 MeV/u heavy-ion linear accelerator (HILac) is now under way in Germany. Construction of booster has been started. In this report the present status of the NICA accelerator complex are presented.
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TUPRO013	Studies on Stochastic Cooling of Heavy Ions in the LHC	kicker, cavity, luminosity, pick-up	1030
	M. Schaumann, J.M. Jowett, B. Salvant, M. Wendt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Blaskiewicz, S. Verdú-Andrés BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Future high luminosity heavy-ion operation of the LHC will be dominated by very rapid luminosity decay due to the large collision cross-section and, to a lesser extent, emittance growth from intra-beam scattering (IBS) due to the high bunch intensities. A stochastic cooling system could reduce the emittance far below its initial value and reduce the losses from debunching during collisions, allowing more of the initial beam intensity to be converted into integrated luminosity before the beams are dumped. We review the status of this proposal, system and hardware properties and potential locations for the equipment in the tunnel.
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TUPRO031	RHIC Performance during the 7.5 GeV Low Energy Run in FY 2014	luminosity, experiment, target, injection	1087
	C. Montag, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, J. Piacentino, P.H. Pile, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. As the last missing step in phase 1 of the beam energy scan (BES-I), aimed at the search for the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, RHIC collided gold ions at a beam energy of 7.3 GeV/nucleon during the FY 2014 run. While this particular energy is close to the nominal RHIC injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, it is nevertheless challenging because it happens to be close to the AGS transition energy, which makes longitudinal beam dynamics during transfer from the AGS to RHIC difficult. We report on machine performance, obstacles and solutions during the FY 2014 low energy run.
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TUPRO032	RHIC Performance for FY2014 Heavy Ion Run	luminosity, electron, kicker, cavity	1090
	G. Robert-Demolaize, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P.H. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, M. Wilinski, Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. After running uranium-uranium and copper-gold collisions in 2012, the high energy heavy ion run of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) for Fiscal Year 14 (Run14) is back to gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at 100 GeV/nucleon. Following the level of performance achieved in Run12, RHIC is still looking to push both instantaneous and integrated luminosity goals. To that end, a new 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity was installed and commissioned, designed to keep ions in one RF bucket and improve luminosity by allowing a smaller beta function at the interaction point (IP) due to a reduced hourglass effect. The following presents an overview of these changes and reviews the performance of the collider.
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TUPRO034	Beam-beam Interaction in the Asymmetric Energy Gold-gold Collision in RHIC	simulation, emittance, experiment, collider	1093
	Y. Luo, M. Blaskiewicz, M.R. Costanzo, W. Fischer, X. Gu, V.H. Ranjbar, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In this article, we study the beam-beam interaction in the possible future gold-gold collision with different particle energies in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). With different particle energies, the center-of-mass of collision is moving in the longitudinal direction during collision. Since the RF harmonic numbers are different for the two RHIC rings, bunches collide in 110 turns followed by 10 turns without collision. In this study, the stability of particles and the beam emittance growth are calculated through numeric simulations based on a 6-D weak-strong beam-beam interaction model.
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TUPRO042	Ion Optics of the HESR Storage Ring at FAIR for Operation with Heavy Ions	heavy-ion, target, experiment, optics	1117
	O.A. Kovalenko, A. Dolinskyy, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, T. Stöhlker GSI, Darmstadt, Germany B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the FAIR project is primarily designed for internal target experiments with stored and cooled antiprotons, which is the main objective of the PANDA collaboration. However, the HESR storage ring also appears to have remarkable properties to carry out physics experiments with heavy ions. In this paper a new ion optical design allowing the heavy ion operation mode of the HESR is presented. The main goal was to provide an optics which meets the requirements of the future experiments with heavy ion beams. Closed orbit correction, dynamic aperture as well as other characteristics of beam dynamics of the ion optical setup are under analysis in this study.
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TUPRO043	Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair	proton, simulation, linac, extraction	1120
	C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.
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TUPRO054	Preliminary Design of a LEBT for HIAF Linac at IMP	ion-source, rfq, solenoid, quadrupole	1153
	Y. Yang, Y. He, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: National Basic Research Program of China (contract No. 2014CB845500) and the 100 Talents Program of the CAS ( No. Y214160BR0) and China Nature Science Foundation (contract No. 11221064). Heavy-Ion Advanced Research Facility (HIAF) is a new project proposed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in China. HIAF project accelerator is composed of intense ion beam sources, injector superconducting LINAC, acceleration and accumulation storage ring, a collection ring and a collider ring. To achieve the ultimate project goal, HIAF accelerator requires the ion source to provide very high intensity of heavy ion beams, such as 1.7 emA 238U³⁴⁺ with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse length of 0.5 ms. No state-of-the-art ion source can meet the needs. As a baseline of the project, a high performance superconducting ECR ion source, which is designed to be operational at the microwave frequency of 40-60 GHz will be adopted to produce the pulsed beam of interest for the HIAF accelerator. To transport and match the beams from ECR to the downstream RFQ, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) is needed. This paper presents a preliminary design of the LEBT and the beam dynamics in the LEBT.
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TUPRO071	Optimization of Low Energy Electrostatic Beam Lines	quadrupole, beam-transport, simulation, kicker	1202
	O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1 Electrostatic elements are frequently used for transporting low energy charged particles, as they are easy to build and operate. However, beam motion is strongly affected by effects from fringe fields, positioning and manufacturing errors of individual ion optical elements. It is important to carry out detailed studies into these effects in order to optimize beam transport. In this paper results from numerical studies with a purpose-written code are presented and compared against analytical estimates. It is shown how the results can be used to optimize the mechanical layout of the electrostatic ion optics elements, including quadrupoles and spherical deflectors. Finally, the results from beam tracking through a multi-element beam line are presented on the basis of both, matrix multiplication and numerical particle tracking.
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TUPRO117	Magnet Design for the SNS Laser Stripping Experiment	laser, electron, experiment, operation	1328
	A.V. Aleksandrov, A.A. Menshov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This work is funded by the U.S. DOE under grant number DE-FG02-13ER41967, and by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle Corporation. The first step in the three-step laser assisted H⁻ beam stripping for charge exchange injection is to remove one electron in a strong magnetic field. In order to preserve the beam emittance for the subsequent laser induced stripping of the second electron the magnetic field has to have large gradient of about 40 T/m along the beam trajectory. The required magnetic field strength for stripping 1GeV H⁻ beam is 1.2 T in 29 mm aperture. In order to allow for undisturbed passage of high power beam during the nominal SNS operation the stripping magnet made of permanent magnet material resides in vacuum chamber and can move in and out of the beam line. This presentation describes requirements and design and the magnetic field calculation results for a stripping magnet for the Laser Stripping Experiment at SNS.
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TUPME030	The LIGHT Beamline at GSI: Shaping Intense MeV Proton Bunches from a Compact Laser-driven Source	proton, laser, cavity, focusing	1419
	S. Busold, O. Deppert, M. Roth TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold HIJ, Jena, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold, D. Schumacher GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Brabetz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany F. Kroll TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany F. Kroll Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	Laser-based proton acceleration as a source of high intensity multi-MeV-range proton bunches became subject of extensive research during the last 15 years and is discussed as potential candidate for various applications. However, their usage often requires special ways of beam shaping first, as the particles are emitted in a wide energy spectrum and with a large divergence angle from the laser matter interaction point. To handle these characteristics, a test stand has been build at GSI Darmstadt, using a pulsed high field solenoid and a radiofrequency cavity to produce intense collimated proton bunches with low energy spread from a TNSA source. In recent experiments, energy compression of an intense proton bunch around 10 MeV central energy to an energy spread of less than 3% could be demonstrated. The particle numbers were in access of 10⁹ protons and the bunch duration was only a few nanoseconds. Even shorter bunches and thus higher particle intensities are possible. This compact laser-driven proton beamline, available now at GSI, will be introduced and latest experimental results presented.
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TUPME039	System Integration of the Demonstration Siemens Electrostatic Accelerator	high-voltage, ion-source, power-supply, experiment	1440
	H. von Jagwitz-Biegnitz JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom P. Beasley, S. Goßmann-Levchuk, O. Heid Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany D.C. Faircloth STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom R.G. Selway Inspired Engineering Ltd, Climping, United Kingdom
	Siemens has proposed a novel compact DC electrostatic tandem accelerator to produce protons of a few MeV. Siemens is currently building a prototype of the accelerator at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This paper reports on recent progress on the different components of the system as well as the commissioning of the whole machine.
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TUPME053	Study of the Energy Modulated Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source for the Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ Cavity	coupling, ion-source, cavity, ECR	1486
	W.L. Xia, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z. Wang, X.Q. Yan, J. Zhao, K. Zhu PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The coupled RFQ and SFRFQ cavity has been manufactured and tested recently. According to the beam dynamic design, the input He⁺ beam within 120° phase width is designed for the cavity to achieve over 98% transmission efficiency. An energy modulated electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was proposed and simulated. To achieve the 1% energy modulation on the 30keV direct current (DC) beam, two simplified RF power feeding structures for beam bunching were studied. The simulations show positive results as well as the bunched beam is achieved by the energy modulated ECR ion source.
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TUPRI009	Study of Resonance Crossing in Non-scaling FFAGs using the S-POD Linear Paul Trap	resonance, dipole, experiment, acceleration	1571
	D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, S.L. Sheehy STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom K. Fukushima, K. Ito, K. Moriya, H. Okamoto, T. Okano HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
	Experiments on EMMA have shown that with rapid acceleration (~10 turns) a linear non-scaling FFAG can accelerate through several integer tunes without detrimental effects on the beam [1]. Proton and ion applications such as hadron therapy will necessarily have a slower acceleration rate, so their feasibility depends on how harmful resonance crossing is in this regime. A simple and useful tool to answer such fundamental questions is the S-POD linear Paul trap at Hiroshima University, which can be set up to simulate the dynamics of a beam in an FFAG. We report here results of experiments to explore different resonance crossing speeds, quantify beam loss and study nonlinear effects. We also discuss the implications of these experimental results in terms of limits on acceptable acceleration rates and alignment errors. [1] S.Machida et al, Nature Physics, N8, 243-257 (2012)
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TUPRI016	First Studies on Ion Effects in the Accelerator ELSA	electron, synchrotron, feedback, quadrupole	1585
	D. Sauerland, W. Hillert, M.T. Switka ELSA, Bonn, Germany A. Markoviḱ, U. van Rienen Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany A. Meseck HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) In the ELSA stretcher ring electrons are accelerated by a fast energy ramp of 6 GeV/s to a beam energy of 3.2 GeV. The high energetic electrons ionize the residual gas molecules in the beam pipe by collisions or synchrotron radiation. The generated ions in turn accumulate inside the beam potential, causing several undesired effects such as tune shifts and beam instabilities. These effects are studied experimentally at ELSA using its full diagnostic capabilities. Both tune shifts due to beam neutralization and transversal beam-ion instabilities can be determined from the beam spectrum. Additionally the beam's transfer function can be measured using a broadband transversal kicker. In the stretcher ring at a beam energy of 1.2 GeV, a periodic beam blow-up was detected in the horizontal plane. Additional measurements of the transversal beam spectrum and ns-time resolution observations with a streak camera identified this blow-up as a coherent dipole oscillation of the beam. This horizontal instability is presumably caused by trapped ions, as there is a strong correlation with the high voltage-bias of the clearing electrodes.
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TUPRI028	Review of Rest Gas Interaction at Very Low Energies applied to the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA	scattering, antiproton, emittance, electron	1621
	C. Carli, T.L. Rijoff CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler, which shall be constructed at CERN to decelerate antiprotons to energies as low as 100 keV. Scattering of beam particles on rest gas molecules may have a detrimental effect at such low energies and leads to stringent vacuum requirements. Within this contribution scattering of the stored beam on rest gas molecules is discussed for very low beam energies. It is important to carefully distinguish between antiprotons scattered out of the acceptance and lost, and those remaining inside the aperture to avoid overestimation of emittance blow-up. Furthermore, many antiprotons do not interact at all during the time they are stored in ELENA and hence this is not a multiple scattering process
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TUPRI036	Fast Ion Instability at CESR-TA	feedback, vacuum, simulation, electron	1638
	A. Chatterjee, K.J. Blaser, M. P. Ehrlichman, D. L. Rubin, J.P. Shanks Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by NSF and DOE Contracts No. PHY-0734867, No. PHY-1002467, No. PHYS-1068662, No. DE-FC02-08ER41538, No. DE-SC0006505, and the Japan/U.S. Cooperation Program. Fast Ion Instability can lead to deterioration of an electron beam (increasing emittance and instability of a train of bunches) in storage rings and linacs. We study this at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator using a 2.1 GeV low emittance beam. As the source of ions is residual gas, our measurements are conducted at various pressures, including nominal vacuum as well as injected gas (Ar, Kr). We measure turn-by-turn vertical bunch size and position, as well as the multi-bunch power spectrum. A detailed simulation is then used to compare theory with observations.
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TUPRI046	Dynamics of Ion Distributions in Beam Guiding Magnets	quadrupole, simulation, space-charge, electron	1668
	A. Markoviḱ, G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany W. Hillert, D. Sauerland ELSA, Bonn, Germany A. Meseck HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract number 05K13HRC. Ions generated by synchrotron radiation and collisions of the beam with the rest gas in the vacuum chamber could be a limiting factor for the operation of electron storage rings and Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL). In order to develop beam instability mitigation strategies, a deeper understanding of the ion-cloud behaviour is needed. Numerical simulations of the interaction between electron beams and parasitic ions verified with dedicated measurements can help to acquire that knowledge. This paper presents results of detailed simulations of the interaction in quadrupole magnets and drift sections of the Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA in Bonn. The focus is on the evaluation of the dynamics of different ion species and their characteristic distribution in quadrupole magnets.
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TUPRI050	Numerical Calculation and Experiment of Ion Related Phenomenon in SPring-8 Storage Ring	electron, simulation, storage-ring, experiment	1680
	A. Mochihashi, M. Takao JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
	In the SPring-8 storage ring, various kinds of bunch filling pattern are available. Under some bunch filling patterns, residual gas ions created by scattering process between high energy electrons and residual gas molecules can be trapped stably around the electron beam and disturb the original motion of the beam. We have considered the stability of the electron beam due to the ion related phenomenon under several bunch filling patterns by computer simulation. In the simulation, we have modeled the electron bunch as single particle and the residual gas ions as macroparticles. The number of the trapped ions, size of the ion cloud and change in betatron oscillation amplitude of the beam under several filling pattern conditions will be discussed. We have also performed experiments for stability of the beam under equally spaced bunch filling patterns which give severe condition for the ion related instability. The numerical calculations and the experimental results will be discussed in the presentation.
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WEYA01	Challenges of Radioactive Beam Facilities – Comparing Solutions at SPIRAL2 and FAIR	target, linac, ISOL, heavy-ion	1852
	R. Ferdinand GANIL, Caen, France
	The SPIRAL2 facility at GANIL will use a high-power p, d and heavy-ion driver to produce RIB though both ISOL and in-flight techniques. The SPIRAL2-injector beam is expected before the end of 2014. The construction of the FAIR facility has started at GSI and the outline of the accelerator complex is well defined. A clear strategy and construction schedule is defined in the framework of the international FAIR collaboration. This talk will give an overview of the accelerators at both facilities and compare the characteristics and benefits of these two approaches to meet their user needs.
	Slides WEYA01 [9.134 MB]
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WEOBA01	Status of the FAIR Synchrotron Projects SIS18 Upgrade and SIS100	quadrupole, dipole, operation, heavy-ion	1857
	P.J. Spiller, R. Balß, A. Bleile, L.H.J. Bozyk, J. Ceballos Velasco, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, P. Forck, P. Hülsmann, M. Kauschke, O.K. Kester, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, P. Kowina, A. Krämer, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, N. Pyka, H. Ramakers, P. Schnizer, H. Welker, St. Wilfert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Iluk WRUT, Wrocław, Poland H.G. Khodzhibagiyan JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D. Urner FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany
	The upgrade of the existing heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 as booster for the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 has been partly completed. With the achieved technical status, a major increase of the accelerated number of heavy ions could be reached. This progress especially demonstrates the feasibilty of acceleration of medium charge state heavy ions with high intensity and and the succesfull control of dynamic vaccuum effects and correlated charge exchange loss. Two further upgrade measures, the installation of additional MA acceleration cavities and the exchange of the main dipole power converter are in progress. For the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 all major components with long production times have been ordered. With several pre-series components, outstanding technical developments have been completed and the readiness for series production reached. The technical project status will be summarized.
	Slides WEOBA01 [6.107 MB]
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WEOBA02	Superconducting Linac for Rare Isotope Science Project	linac, cavity, cryomodule, proton	1861
	H.J. Kim, H.J. Cha, M.O. Hyun, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.5 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the status of RISP linac design and the development of superconducting cavity and cryomodule.
	Slides WEOBA02 [9.226 MB]
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WEOBA03	Status of Preparations for a 10 μs Laser-Assisted H⁻ Beam Stripping Experiment	laser, experiment, optics, injection	1864
	S.M. Cousineau, A.V. Aleksandrov, V.V. Danilov, T.V. Gorlov, Y. Liu, A.A. Menshov, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo, Y. Wang ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA F.G. Garcia, N.F. Luttrell UTK, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA D.E. Johnson Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA A. Rakhman ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Y. Takeda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work is funded by the U.S. DOE under grant number DE-FG02-13ER41967, and by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle Corporation. The concept of laser-assisted H⁻ stripping, originated over three decades ago, was successfully demonstrated for a 6 ns, 900 MeV H⁻ beam in 2006. Plans are underway to build on this foundation by performing laser-assisted H⁻ stripping of a 10 μs, 1 GeV H⁻ beam at the Spallation Neutron Source facility; this constitutes a three orders of magnitude improvement over the initial proof of principle demonstration. The central theme of the experiment is the reduction of the required laser power through ion beam manipulations and laser-ion beam temporal matching. This paper discusses the configuration of the experiment, the current and anticipated challenges, and the schedule.
	Slides WEOBA03 [2.549 MB]
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WEXB01	Breaking the 70 MeV Proton Energy Threshold in Laser Proton Acceleration and Guiding Beams to Applications	laser, target, proton, acceleration	1886
	M. Roth, S. Bedacht, S. Busold, O. Deppert, G. Schaumann, A. Tebartz, F. Wagner TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, D. Schumacher GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Brabetz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany T.E. Cowan HZDR, Dresden, Germany K. Falk, A. Favalli, J.C. Fernandez, C. Gautier, C.E. Hamilton, R.P. Johnson, K. Schoenberg, T. Shimada, G.A. Wurden LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA M. Geißel, M. Schollmeier Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA D. Jung Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom F. Kroll Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	This talk covers recent developments in laser plasma ion acceleration describing the technological challenges in breaking of energy threshold of 70 MeV. The presentation also highlights the recent experimental achievements towards laser ion acceleration and transport in the LIGHT collaboration.
	Slides WEXB01 [15.155 MB]
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WEOAB01	The Commissioning of the Laser Ion Source for RHIC-EBIS	laser, target, ion-source, injection	1890
	T. Kanesue, J.G. Alessi, E.N. Beebe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, R.F. Lambiase, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, V. LoDestro, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, A.I. Pikin, D. Raparia, A.N. Steszyn BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S. Ikeda TIT, Yokohama, Japan K. Kondo, M. Sekine RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by NASA and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy A new laser ion source (LIS) for low charge state ion production was installed on RHIC-EBIS. This is the first LIS to be combined with an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) type heavy ion source. The LIS provides intense low charge state ions from any solid state material, with low emittance and narrow pulse length. These features make it suitable as an external source of 1+ ions that can be injected into the EBIS trap for charge breeding. In addition, a LIS is the only type ion source which can allow rapid switching among many ion species, even on pulse-by-pulse basis, by changing either laser path or target position, to strike the material of choice. The EBIS works as a charge breeder, with the extracted high charge state ions used in the following accelerators. The beams from LIS will be used for RHIC and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL. The rapid beam switching, which was not possible with existing ion sources, will expand the research field at NSRL as a galactic cosmic ray simulator. The results of commissioning will be shown.
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WEOAB02	Wide-band Induction Acceleration in the KEK Digital Accelerator	acceleration, induction, synchrotron, experiment	1893
	T. Yoshimoto, X. Liu, K. Takayama TIT, Yokohama, Japan T. Adachi, K. Takayama Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Adachi, T. Arai, E. Kadokura, T. Kawakubo, X. Liu, K. Okamura, S. Takano, K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Asao, Y. Okada NETS, Fuchu-shi, Japan M. Hirose, H. Kobayashi Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
	Induction synchrotron can accelerate any ion species directly to higher energy without a large pre-accelerator, due to its intrinsic nature that there is no frequency band-width limitation below 1 MHz. KEK digital accelerator (DA) is a small scale prototype of fast cycling induction synchrotron. Recently it has been confirmed that heavy ion beams of mass to charge ratio A/Q = 4 are stably accelerated from 200 keV to a few tens of MeV in this accelerator ring, where the revolution frequency changes from82 kHz to 1 MHz. Acceleration and beam confinement are separately realized by pulse voltages generated in induction cells (1 to 1 pulse transformers) driven by the switching power supply (SPS). Everything is simply maneuvered by controlling of gate signals of solid-state switching elements employed in the SPS. For this purpose, the fully programmed acceleration control system based on the FPGA has been developed. In this paper, the wide-band induction acceleration is presented with experimental results. Further possibilities of beam handling in the induction synchrotron, such as super bunch and novel beam handling techniques, are discussed. K.Takayama et al., to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (2013). ** T.Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071301(2011).
	Slides WEOAB02 [8.935 MB]
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WEPRO060	Status of the FAIR Accelerator Facility	antiproton, dipole, target, synchrotron	2084
	O.K. Kester, W.A. Barth, A. Dolinskyy, F. Hagenbuck, K. Knie, H. Reich-Sprenger, H. Simon, P.J. Spiller, U. Weinrich, M. Winkler GSI, Darmstadt, Germany R. Maier, D. Prasuhn FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Funding: Supported by the BMBF and state of Hessen The accelerators of the facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR are designed to deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. The ion and antiproton beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for cutting edge physics to be conducted within the four research pillars CBM, NuSTAR, APPA and PANDA. The challenges of the accelerator facility to be established are related to the systems comprising magnets, cryo technology, rf-technology, vacuum etc. FAIR will employ heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Intense work on test infrastructure for the huge number of superconducting magnets of the FAIR machines is ongoing at GSI and several partner labs. In addition, the GSI accelerator facility is being prepared to serve as injector for the FAIR accelerators. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.
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WEPRO062	Reacceleration of Ion Beams for Particle Therapy	synchrotron, extraction, operation, acceleration	2091
	C. Schömers, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) cancer patients are treated using the raster-scanning method. A synchrotron provides pencil beams in therapy quality for 255 energy steps per ion type allowing to vary the penetration depth and thus to irradiate tumors slice-by-slice. So far, changing the beam energy necessitates a new synchrotron cycle, including all phases without beam extraction. As the no. of ions that can be accelerated in the synchrotron usually exceeds the required no. of ions for one energy slice, treatment time could be significantly reduced by reaccelerating or decelerating the remaining ions to the next energy level. By alternating acceleration and extraction phases several slices could be irradiated with only short interruptions. Therefore the reacceleration of a transversally blown up beam – due to RF-knockout extraction – must be investigated, beam losses have to be minimized. To estimate the benefit of this operation mode, treatment time has been simulated and compared to the time achieved in the past. A reduction of up to 65% is possible and more patients can be treated! Simulations and first tests of a reaccelerated and extracted beam are presented.
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WEPRO067	Development of NICA Injection Complex	rfq, linac, ion-source, DTL	2103
	A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia A. Belov RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia E.D. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, A. Govorov, V. Kobets, V. Monchinsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Höltermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin ITEP, Moscow, Russia S.M. Polozov MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is assumed to operate using two linear accelerators: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector for light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILac for heavy ions. The new Booster and existing Nuclotron superconducting rings are the main parts of the injection complex of the NICA collider. The status of ion sources, both linacs and rings is presented.
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WEPRO080	HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS	target, proton, extraction, neutron	2143
	T. De Melo Mendonca CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.
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WEPRO081	Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre	synchrotron, injection, extraction, proton	2146
	F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria M. Benedikt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper. * P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.
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WEPRO082	A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons	proton, radiation, cyclotron, extraction	2149
	C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.
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WEPRO083	Implementation of a Superconducting Electron Beam Ion Source into the HIT Ion Source Test Bench	rfq, ion-source, ECRIS, emittance	2153
	E. Ritter, A. Silze, G.H. Zschornack DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany R. Cee, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, T.W. Winkelmann HIT, Heidelberg, Germany G. Zschornack TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
	Cancer therapy with light heavy ions is now a well proven technology. Almost all facilities are running Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) to produce carbon ions and protons as well. In the 1990’s the idea of using a Electron Beam Ion Source was proposed (EBIS) [1]. Some proof of principle measurements were carried out [2] but the application of EBIS ion sources in radiation facilities has not been established. We present results from the implementation of a superconducting EBIS, the Dresden EBIS-SC, at an RFQ accelerator at the testbench of the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT). First results from C 4+ ions produced by the Dresden EBIS-SC [3] and injection in an RFQ accelerator at the HIT testbench are shown. Furthermore, emittance measurements as well as investigations of the ion energy and the transmission through the RFQ were done. The emittance of the EBIS source is lower by a factor of nine compared to an ECRIS, which improves the transmission through the RFQ. With the current setup the ion output from the EBIS-SC is lower by a factor of 7 compared to an ECRIS to fulfill the requirements of the highest irradiation level. Further improvements are discussed. * erik.ritter@dreebit.com
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WEPRO087	Magnetic-field Measurements of Superconducting Magnets for a Heavy-ion Rotating-gantry and Beam-tracking Simulations	superconducting-magnet, heavy-ion, quadrupole, simulation	2159
	S.S. Suzuki, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, Y. Iwata, K. Mizushima, S. Mori, K. Noda, T. Shirai, K. Shoda NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan N. Amemiya Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan H. Arai, T. Fujimoto AEC, Chiba, Japan T.F. Fujita National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan Y. Nagamoto, T. Orikasa, S. Takayama, T. Yazawa Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan T. Obana NIFS, Gifu, Japan T. Ogitsu KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Manufacture of superconducting rotating-gantry for heavy-ion radiotherapy is currently in progress. This rotating gantry can transport heavy ions having 430 MeV/nucleon to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0-360 degrees, and enable advanced radiation-therapy. The three-dimensional scanning-irradiation method is performed in this rotating gantry. Therefore, uniformity of magnetic field is quite important since scanned beams traverse through these superconducting magnets before reaching to the isocenter. In the present work, we precisely measured the magnetic-field distributions of the superconducting magnets for the rotating gantry. We used Hall probes to measure the magnetic field. The magnetic-field distributions were determined by measuring Hall voltage, while moving the Hall probes on a rail, which has the same curvature as a center trajectory of beams. The measured-field distributions were compared with calculated distributions with a three-dimensional electromagnetic-field solver, the OPERA-3D code. Furthermore, beam-tracking simulations were performed by using the measured magnetic-field distributions to verify the design of the superconducting magnets.
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WEPRO091	Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR	cyclotron, extraction, proton, synchrotron	2171
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.
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WEPRO092	Comparisons and Simulations of Superconducting Dipole Magnets for JINR Carbon Ion Gantry	dipole, synchrotron, vacuum, simulation	2174
	E. Syresin, N.A. Morozov, D. Shvidkiy JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	A medical complex for carbon ion therapy has been developed in the JINR based on the own technology of the superconducting ion synchrotron - Nuclotron. One important feature of this project is related to the application of superconducting gantry. In the project, two schemes of superconducting gantries have been considered. In the first scheme, the last gantry element is supposed to be represented by a superconducting magnet with a scan region in it of 20 × 20 cm. In the second scheme the gantry consists of four 45°bending sections, each including two similar dipole magnets of a low aperture (about 120 mm). Such gantries are intended for multiple raster scanning with a wide carbon beam and the technique of layer wise irradiation with a spread out Bragg peak of several mm. The comparison and simulation of superconducting dipole magnet for JINR carbon ion gantry is under discussion.
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Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOYBA01

The Very High Intensity Future

target, linac, proton, heavy-ion

17

J. Wei
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
This paper surveys the key technologies and design challenges that form a basis for the next generation of very high intensity hadron accelerators, including projects operating, under construction, and under design for science and applications at MW beam power level.

Slides MOYBA01 [7.187 MB]

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MOZA01

Ultralow Emittance Beam Production based on Doppler Laser Cooling and Coupling Resonance

laser, simulation, coupling, solenoid

28

A. Noda, M. Nakao
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
M. Grieser
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
Z.Q. He
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Z.Q. He
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
K. Jimbo
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
H. Okamoto, K. Osaki
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
A.V. Smirnov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Souda
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Y. Yuri
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project by MEXT of Japan. It is also supported by GCOE project at Kyoto University, “The next generation of Physics-Spun from Universality"
Doppler laser cooling has been applied to low-energy (40 keV) Mg ions together with the resonant coupling method* at the S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University,. The S-LSR storage ring has a high super periodicity of 6, which is preferable from the beam dynamical point of view. At S-LSR one dimensional ordering of proton beam was already realized for the first time**. Active three dimensional laser cooling has been experimentally demonstrated for ions with un-negligible velocity (v/c=0.0019, where c is the light velocity) for the first time. Utilizing the above mentioned characteristics of S-LSR, an approach to realize ultralow emittances has been pursuit. To suppress heating effects, due to intra-beam scattering, the circulating ion beam intensity was reduced by scraping and beam emittances of 1.3·10^-11 pi m·rad and 8.5·10^-12 pi m·rad (normalized) have been realized for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively with the 40 keV Mg ion beam at a beam intensity of ~10⁴, which is the lowest emittance ever attained by laser cooling. From MD computer simulations, it is predicted that reduction of the ion number to about 10³ is needed to realize a crystalline string.
* H. Okamoto, A.M. Sessler, D. Moehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 397 (1994).
** T. Shirai et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 204801 (2007).

Slides MOZA01 [13.336 MB]

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MOPRO004

Polarized Ion Beams in Figure-8 Rings of JLab's MEIC

polarization, solenoid, collider, controls

68

Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y. Filatov
JINR, Dubna, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is designed to provide high polarization of both colliding beams. One of the unique features of JLab’s MEIC is figure-8 shape of its rings. It allows preservation and control of polarization of all ion species including small-anomalous-magnetic-moment deuterons during their acceleration and storage. The figure-8 design conceptually expands the capability of obtaining polarized high-energy beams in comparison to conventional designs because of its property of having no preferred periodic spin direction. This allows one to control effectively the beam polarization by means of magnetic insertions with small field integrals. We present a complete scheme for preserving the ion polarization during all stages of acceleration and its control in the collider’s experimental straights.

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MOPRO005

Progress on the Interaction Region Design and Detector Integration at JLab’s MEIC

detector, electron, collider, focusing

71

V.S. Morozov, P.D. Brindza, A. Camsonne, Y.S. Derbenev, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, F. Lin, P. Nadel-Turonski, M. Ungaro, Y. Zhang, Z.W. Zhao
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
C. Hyde, K. Park
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Z.W. Zhao
UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
One of the unique features of JLab's Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) is a full-acceptance detector with a dedicated, small-angle, high-resolution detection system, capable of covering a wide range of momenta (and charge-to-mass ratios) with respect to the original ion beam to enable access to new physics. We present an interaction region design developed with close integration of the detection and beam dynamical aspects. The dynamical aspect of the design rests on a symmetry-based concept for compensation of non-linear effects. The optics and geometry have been optimized to accommodate the detection requirements and to ensure the interaction region's modularity for ease of integration into the collider ring lattices. As a result, the design offers an excellent detector performance combined with the necessary provisions for non-linear dynamical optimization.

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MOPRO012

Simulating Fast Beam-Ion Instability Studies in FFAG-Based ERHIc Rings

electron, simulation, linac, lattice

83

G. Wang, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In an electron accelerator, ions generated from the residual gas by the circulating electrons act back to the trailing electrons. Under unfavorable conditions this feed-back can cause unstable motion of the electron bunches, the process known as the fast beam ion instability. Current eRHIC design has two FFAG rings transporting 21 electron beams at 11 different energies. In this study, we use numerical simulation to investigate the fast ion instability in this complicated system, compare the simulation results with theory and discuss possible measures to mitigate the instability.

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MOPRO013

Present Status of Coherent Electron Cooling Proof-of-Principle Experiment

electron, cavity, gun, experiment

87

V. Litvinenko, Z. Altinbas, D.R. Beavis, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Ben-Zvi, K.A. Brown, J.C. Brutus, A.J. Curcio, L. DeSanto, C. Folz, D.M. Gassner, H. Hahn, Y. Hao, C. Ho, Y. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, M. Ilardo, J.P. Jamilkowski, Y.C. Jing, F.X. Karl, D. Kayran, R. Kellermann, N. Laloudakis, R.F. Lambiase, G.J. Mahler, M. Mapes, W. Meng, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M.G. Minty, P. Orfin, A. Pendzick, I. Pinayev, F. Randazzo, T. Rao, J. Reich, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Seda, B. Sheehy, J. Skaritka, L. Smart, K.S. Smith, L. Snydstrup, A.N. Steszyn, R. Than, C. Theisen, R.J. Todd, J.E. Tuozzolo, E. Wang, G. Wang, D. Weiss, M. Wilinski, T. Xin, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
G.I. Bell, J.R. Cary, K. Paul, I.V. Pogorelov, B.T. Schwartz, A.V. Sobol, S.D. Webb
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
C.H. Boulware, T.L. Grimm, R. Jecks, N. Miller
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Elizarov
SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
M.A. Kholopov, P. Vobly
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
P.A. McIntosh, A.E. Wheelhouse
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by Stony Brook University and by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Coherent Electron Cooling Proof of Principle (CeC PoP) system is being installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It will demonstrate the ability of relativistic electrons to cool a single bunch of heavy ions in RHIC. This technique may increase the beam luminosity by as much as tenfold. Within the scope of this experiment, a 112 MHz 2 MeV Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) electron gun coupled with a cathode stalk mechanism, two normal conducting 500 MHz single-cell bunching cavities, a 704 MHz 20 MeV 5-cell SRF cavity and a helical undulator will be used. In this paper, we provide an overview of the engineering design for this project, test results and discuss project status and plansd.

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MOPME001

Commissioning of the Double Electrostatic Storage Ring DESIREE

experiment, storage-ring, injection, pick-up

373

A. Källberg, M. Björkhage, M. Blom, E. Bäckström, H. Cederquist, O.M. Hole, M. Kaminska, P. Löfgren, S. Mannervik, R. Nascimento, P. Reinhed, H.T. Schmidt, A. Simonsson
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
S. Rosén
Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden

DESIREE, the double electrostatic storage rings in Stockholm, is now commissioned and used for experiments. The two 9 m circumference storage rings, which are constructed inside a double walled cryostat, are now cooled to 13 K and routinely used for storage of both negative and positive ions with lifetimes of several minutes. The main properties of DESIREE are presented as well as results from the commissioning and the first experiments.

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MOPME005

Simulation of the Extraction and Transport of a Beam from the SILHI Source with the Warp Code

plasma, extraction, simulation, space-charge

385

A. Chancé, N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

In a low energy beam transfer (LEBT) line, space charge effects are dominant and make the motion of the particles strongly non-linear. So, the beam dynamics is directly dependent on the 6D distribution of the particles after the ion source extraction system. It is thus essential to simulate accurately the source extraction region and the space charge compensation after it to try to reach an agreement between the simulations and the measurements. Generally, the ion source extraction system is simulated with electrostatic codes (often using simple model for space charge) from which the 6D beam distribution is derived. Then, this distribution can be used as an initial condition to simulate the beam transport in the LEBT with a time dependent PIC code that takes into account space charge compensation. We propose here to simulate accurately the SILHI source extraction system with the Warp and AXCEL-INP codes. The SILHI ion source will be quickly presented and some simulations results will be given and discussed.

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MOPME010

A MAD-X Model of the HIT Accelerator

simulation, synchrotron, dipole, controls

397

R. Cee, M. Galonska, T. Gläßle, Th. Haberer, K. Höppner, A. Peters, S. Scheloske
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

For a medical accelerator facility like the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) an online simulation tool with read and write access to the control system and the database is essential for effective beam alignment and beam spot size adjustment at the patient position. Since the commissioning of HIT the simulation programme Mirko from GSI Darmstadt has been in use for the simulation of the beamlines and the synchrotron. While Mirko fully complies with the demands and is still in regular use, the long-term support of the HIT-Mirko derivate cannot be guaranteed. We have therefore started to set up a new simulation environment based on the MAD-X programme from CERN. In a first step we built a MAD-X model of the HIT accelerator using the MAD-X export function of Mirko. The resulting sequences were transformed and extended into executable MAD-X files. The simulation results were validated against Mirko and a good agreement of the calculated beam envelopes could be achieved. Works on the graphical user interface (GUI) for visualisation of and interaction with the beam envelopes and the link to the control system are in progress.

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MOPME013

A Python Poisson Solver for 3D Space Charge Computations in Structures with Arbitrary Shaped Boundaries

simulation, rfq, space-charge, electron

406

G. Pöplau, C. Potratz
COMPAEC e.G., Rostock, Germany

Numerical techniques in the field of particle accelerators are mainly driven by the design of next-generation accelerators: The need for higher simulation complexity and the necessity for more and more specialized algorithms arises from the ever increasing need to include a broader range of physical effects and geometrical details in a computer simulation. This, on the other hand requires fast and reliable simulation tools for a limited user base. Therefore, new approaches in simulation software development are necessary to provide useful tools that are well-suited for the task at hand and that can be easily maintained and adapted by a small user community. We show how Python can be used to solve numerical problems arising from particle accelerator design efficiently. As model problem, the computation of space charge effects of a bunch in RFQs including the vane geometry was chosen and a suited solver was implemented in Python.

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MOPME019

Study of a Fast Convolution Method for Solving the Space Charge Fields of Charged Particle Bunches

simulation, space-charge, electron, electromagnetic-fields

418

D. Zheng, A. Markoviḱ, G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen
Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany

The kernel of beam dynamics simulations using the particle-in-cell (PIC) model is the solution of Poisson's equation for the electric potential. A very common way to solve Poisson's equation is to use the convolution of charge density and Green's function, the so-called Green's function method. Additionally, the integrated Green's function method* is being used in order to achieve a higher accuracy. For both methods, the convolutions are done using fast Fourier transform based on the convolution theorem. However, the construction of the integrated Green's function and the further convolution is still very time-consuming. The computation can be accelerated without loosing precision if the calculation of Green’s function values is limited to that part of the computational domain with non-zero grid charge density. In this paper we present a general numerical study of these Green's function methods for computing the potential of different bunches: The results can also be used in other simulation codes to improve efficiency.
* J. Qiang, S. Lidia, R. D. Ryne, and C. Limborg-Deprey, “A Three-Dimensional Quasi-Static Model for High Brightness Beam Dynamics simulation,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, vol 9, 044204 (2006).

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MOPME022

Investigation of the Breakdown and RF Sheath Potential for EAST ICRF Antenna

plasma, operation, experiment, simulation

424

H. Yang, S. Dong, L. Shang, K. Tang, C.-F. Wu
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

A new ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna was designed with four current straps in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). It is to provide heating, current drive and some physics experiments in EAST. The breakdown and RF sheath potential for the antenna are investigated by a three dimension electromagnetic code in the paper. The plasma is simulated by a slab with high relative permittivity approximating the plasma loading of the antenna. Calculations show that the maximum of electric field is around the end of the coaxial feeds and the strip line and the electric field is strongly dependent on antenna phasing. Especially the maximum of electric field is decreased to 27.5 KV/cm with the (0,π,π,0) phasing between toroidal straps while the value is 32.8 KV/cm with (0,0,π,π) phasing. A challenge in ICRF is the impurity contamination which is related to sheath potential. The topology of the radio frequency (RF) sheath is optimized to reduce the potential for EAST ICRF antenna. The RF potential is mitigated obviously with the broader side limiter by a factor of 2.

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MOPME024

Progress of the RF Negative Ion Source Research at HUST

plasma, ion-source, experiment, extraction

430

D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C. Wang, H.K. Yue, C. Zhou
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
J.C. Huang, D. Li, D.W. Liu, Z. Zhang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology of China
To promote the research and talent cultivation for ITER negative ion sources, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has started to develop an experimental facility since 2011 under the support of Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As the first stage, we are building a radio frequency (RF) driver which will produce the plasma for yielding negative ions in the next stage. A deal of experimental research has been carried out on the setup.

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MOPME043

Modeling and Simulation of Beam-induced Plasma in Muon Cooling Devices

plasma, simulation, cavity, electron

466

K. Yu
SBU, Stony Brook, USA
M. Chung, A.V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B.T. Freemire
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
V. Samulyak
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V. Samulyak
SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA

Understanding of the interaction of muon beams with plasma in muon cooling devices is important for the optimization of the muon cooling process. We have developed numerical algorithms and parallel software for self-consistent simulation of the plasma production and its interaction with particle beams and external fields. Simulations support the experimental program on the hydrogen gas filled RF cavities in the Mucool Test Area (MTA) at Fermilab. Computational algorithms are based on the electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code SPACE combined with a probabilistic, macroparticle-based implementation of atomic physics processes such as the absorption of the incident particles, ionization of the absorber material, and the generation and evolution of secondary particles in dense, neutral gas. In particular, we have proposed a novel algorithm for dealing with repetitive incident beam, enabling simulations of long time scale processes. Benchmarks and simulations of the experiments on gas-filled RF cavities and prediction for future experiments are discussed.
* kwangmin.yu@stonybrook.edu
** rosamu@bnl.gov

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MOPME059

Design of a Multi-harmonic Buncher for LINCE

rfq, bunching, operation, linac

508

J. Labrador, C. Bonțoiu, J.A. Dueñas, I. Martel
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
M.A. Carrera, A. Garbayo
AVS, Elgoibar, Spain
A.C.C. Villari
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
Continuous beams delivered by the LINCE ECR ion source will be bunched by a multi-harmonic buncher consisting of two copper-made electrodes. Its numerical design is reported here along with electric and magnetic field maps. Multi-frequency operation is proven by tracking a continuous beam and optimizing the its longitudinal phase space bunching for various ion species under the influence of space charge effects. A thermo-mechanical study carried out in order to estimate the needed water flow through the electrodes is presented as well.

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MOPME068

SiC-JFET Switching Power Supply toward for Induction Ring Accelerators

acceleration, extraction, induction, injection

523

K. Okamura, K. Takayama, M. Wake, T. Yoshimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Sasaki, K. Takaki
Iwate university, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
F. Tamura
Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan

Funding: Japan Science and Technology Agency Grant-In Aid for Scientific Research(s) (KAKENHI No. 24310077)
A new induction synchrotron system using an induction cell has been developed and constructed at KEK*. In that system, the switching power supply is one of the key devices that realize digital acceleration. The requirements of the switching power supply are high voltage (2 kV) and high repetition frequency (1 MHz). In the present system, we used series connected MOSFETs as the switching device. However, series connection gives large complexity and less reliability. Among various switching devices, a SiC-JFET should be a promising candidate because it has ultrafast switching speed and high voltage blocking capability. We have developed a new and original SiC-JFET switching device and a compact switching power supply employing this switching element**. Now it is integrated into the induction acceleration system for the KEK-DA. Furthermore we have started development of the next generation of SiC package, which has higher voltage capability (2.4 kV) and 2 in 1 module construction. At the conference, the first experimental demonstration of heavy ion acceleration utilizing the SiC-JFET and the design status of the new device package will be presented.
* T. Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071302 (2011).
** K. Okamura et al., “A Compact Switching Power Supply Utilizing SiC-JFET for The Digital Accelerator ”, in Proc. of IPAC’12, pp 3677-3679.

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MOPME076

Upgrade of the SPS Injection Kicker System for LHC High Luminosity Operation with Heavy Ion Beam

injection, kicker, impedance, septum

547

T. Kramer, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, L. Sermeus, J.A. Uythoven, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the context of the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade project a performance upgrade for heavy ions is envisaged. One of the performance limitations is the rise time of the present SPS injection kicker system MKP. A reduction of the rise time for lead ions was studied in line with a modification of the whole injection system. This paper briefly describes the different rise time options studied for an initially proposed dedicated ion kicker system MKP-I, focuses however on a cost effective alternative using the presently installed 12 MKPS magnets connected to a new fast pulse forming line. As only 12 out of the 16 injection kicker magnets would be fast enough to be used in an upgraded system, additional deflection has to be provided by the septa. The beam optics for that variant is highlighted and first requirements for the septum elements are stipulated. The paper concludes with a failure analysis of the proposed scheme.

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MOPRI001

Induced Heating Power Evaluation in RIB Transfer Line of SPIRAL2

beam-losses, solenoid, space-charge, ECR

570

N.Yu. Kazarinov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D. Boutin, F.R. Osswald
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

Radioactive Ion Beams of SPIRAL2 project will be produced in the ECR ion source using the Helium as supporting gas. RIB transported in the transfer lines have a multi-component structure and total current of the beams is defined by Helium ions. The total power of Helium component may reach 300 W. The focusing force acting on the ions in the transfer beam line is strongly dependent on mass-to-charge ratio (this is valid for magnetic optical elements). For this reason supporting gas ions will be lost at initial part of the beam line between ECR ion source and analyzing magnet. The Helium beam losses and induced heating power density at the wall of vacuum tube in RIB transfer line of SPIRAL2 during transportation of Ar, Xe and U ion beam are evaluated in this report.

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MOPRI008

A Compact 2.45 GHz Microwave IOn Source Based High Fluence Irradiation Facility at IUAC, Delhi

plasma, ion-source, extraction, coupling

592

N. Kumar, R. Ahuja, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, G.O. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India

A compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source based low energy ion been facility has been developed for performing various experiments in material science and for studies related to plasma physics. The design of the compact microwave source is based on a tunable permanent magnet configuration and is powered by a 2 kW magnetron [1,2]. The double walled, water cooled stainless steel plasma chamber and ridge waveguide have been fabricated using the latest ‘LaserCUSING’ technique. The electron energy distribution functions have been measured in a similar low frequency ion source and validated by model calculations [1]. Extraction of the beam can also be performed at very low voltages in the order of hundreds of volts with high intensities by nullifying the space charge effects with the secondary electrons. The facility will be used for ion implantation, phase formation, surface etching and pattering experiments. The design aspects of the microwave ion source and low energy beam transport system will be presented.
* “Studies on the effect of the axial magnetic field on the x-ray bremsstrahlung in a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet microwave ion source” Narender Kumar et. al. accepted for publication in RSI.

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MOPRI009

Study on New Method for Generating Highly Charged Ions with Double Pulse Laser Ion Source

laser, plasma, ion-source, controls

595

T. Shibuya
TIT, Tokyo, Japan
N. Hayashizaki
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Laser ion source capable of generating high intensity ions is best for the ion source of RI beam facilities. A great deal of effort has been made on particle number as DPIS. Only few attempts have so far been made at generating highly charged ions. One of previous research has reported that Au+53 ions are produced by PALS laser. "Nonlinear process" mechanisms such as resonance absorption and self-focusing were used for this. However, these methods have limitation due to low repetition rate of the laser. Nd (λ=1064nm, E<1.2J, t~10ns) and Yb laser(λ=1030nm, E<10J, t~500fs) systems is possible to operate at 10 - 50Hz repetition rate. This double pulse laser system, with attainable laser intensity up to about 1017[W/cm²], was used to generate highly charged ions of solid target. First, the Nd laser creates a plasma plume. Next, the Yb laser reheats plasma plume by high intensity pulse at delay time of nanosecond. The properties of ions were investigated mainly on the base of time-of-flight method.

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MOPRI010

Laser Ablation Ion Source for the KEK Digital Accelerator

laser, extraction, space-charge, simulation

598

N. Munemoto
Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
Y. Fuwa
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
S. Ikeda, K. Takayama
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
M. Kumaki
RISE, Tokyo, Japan
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S. Takano, K. Takayama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Takayama
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK Digital Accelerator (DA) is a small scale induction synchrotron and operated at 10Hz and recently has succeeded to accelerate gaseous ions*. There is a strong demand of fully striped carbon ions because the DA is regarded as the second generation of cancer therapy driver, which does not require an injector and electron stripper. We need a novel carbon ion source providing C⁶⁺ beams, which are directly injected into the DA and accelerated up to required energy. For this purpose, a laser ablation ion source(LAIS) is promising**. To obtain high yield C⁶⁺ ions from ablation plasma, the laser irradiation condition has been evaluated and relationship between beam properties of charge spectrum, intensity, and temperature, and carbon target materials were examined. Two laser systems, long pulse (6 ns) and short pulse (170 ps), were employed to irradiate a graphite and amorphous carbon target. The current densities and profile of the generated plasmas in time were measured and charge state distributions were analyzed. In addition we will report a full design integrating this LAIS, the extraction system, the longitudinal chopper system, and the low energy beam transport line.
* T.Yoshimoto et al., presented in this conference
** N.Munemoto et al., Proceedings of ICIS2013, published in Rev. Sci. Inst.

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MOPRI011

Control of Plasma Flux with Pulsed Solenoid for Laser Ion Source

plasma, electron, ion-source, laser

601

S. Ikeda, K. Horioka
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
T. Kanesue, M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

We discuss the behavior of laser-ablation plasma spreading through a pulsed solenoidal field to minimize the beam emittance of laser-ablation ion source (LIS). LIS is expected to produce high-flux and low emittance ion beams from various solid materials in vacuum because of the high drift velocity and low temperature of the ablation plasma due to the adiabatic expansion. However, the ion flux level from the ablation plasma into an extraction gap changes within a pulse and then the shape of the sheath boundary changes transiently. Then, the integrated emittance is larger than the stroboscopic emittance at a certain time slice. To prevent the transient effect, we tried to control the plasma flux with a pulsed solenoidal magnetic field. The field is expected to change the direction of the plasma flow like a lens. By changing the magnetic flux density according to the transient flux level of ablation plasma, we can expect to control the plasma flux at the extraction gap. To investigate the controllability of the plasma flow, we measured the plasma flux as a function of parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. We scanned ion probes along the beam.

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MOPRI012

High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37

plasma, emittance, extraction, proton

604

I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.

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MOPRI013

Development of a 14.5 – 18 GHz ECR Ion Source at University of Huelva

ECRIS, solenoid, injection, ion-source

607

I. Martel, C. Bonțoiu, A.C.C. Villari
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
A. Garbayo
AVS, Elgoibar, Spain
A.C.C. Villari
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
A double-frequency ECR ion source has been modelled numerically for high-efficiency ion production from protons to uranium. The simulations were targeted at optimizing magnetic confinement of the hot electrons through an iterative design of three solenoids and a dodecapole. In addition a plasma production model has been implemented in order to study ion species yield from neutral gases and their drift towards the cold plasma regions. Eventually, ion extraction and beam capture in the space-charge regime have been performed. Mechanical design studies approached the plasma chamber cooling and magnet coils refrigeration.

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MOPRI014

Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS

extraction, power-supply, ion-source, solenoid

611

D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.

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MOPRI015

Installing the VESPA H⁻ Ion Source Test Stand at RAL

ion-source, extraction, vacuum, plasma

614

S.R. Lawrie, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

A Penning-type negative hydrogen (H) ion source has been used reliably on the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK for almost 30 years. However a detailed study of the ion source plasma and extraction has never been undertaken. If these properties were known, the beam emittance and losses due to collimation could be reduced, and the lifetime increased. This paper summarises the progress made on installing a Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) to fill the knowledge gap.

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MOPRI016

Hydrogen and Cesium Monitor for H⁻ Magnetron Sources

plasma, cathode, experiment, controls

617

C.-Y. Tan, D.S. Bollinger, B.A. Schupbach, K. Seiya
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energ
The relative concentration of cesium to hydrogen in the plasma of a H⁻ magnetron source is an important parameter for reliable operations. If there is too much cesium, the surfaces of the source become contaminated with it and sparking occurs. If there is too little cesium then the plasma cannot be sustained. In order to monitor these two elements, a spectrometer has been built and installed on a test and operating source that looks at the plasma. It is hypothesized that the concentration of each element in the plasma is proportional to the intensity of their spectral lines.

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MOPRI019

In-situ Characterization of K2CsSb Photocathodes

cathode, electron, laser, vacuum

627

M. Schmeißer, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, S.G. Schubert
HZB, Berlin, Germany
S.G. Schubert
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung contract 05K12CB2 PCHB and Land Berlin.
Alkali antimonide photocathodes with high quantum efficiency hold the promise of delivering electrons for high-brightness injectors. A drift type spectrometer (momentatron) was attached to the HZB preparation system to allow in-situ characterization within short time after fabrication and possibly identify correlations between growth process and cathode performance parameters.

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MOPRI038

Study on Quantum Efficiency of NEA-GaAs with Various Thermal Treatments; The Increase in Quantum Efficiency by the Low Temperature Treatment.

electron, site, experiment, vacuum

682

K. Hayase, R. Chiba, H. Iijima, Y. Inagaki, T. Meguro
Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan

Negative electron affinity (NEA) surface are formed by deposition of Cs atoms on p-GaAs, and the drastic increase in the electron emission is observed by the Yo-Yo method. It is necessary to remove oxide layers of GaAs surface for the NEA surface formation, therefore the thermal treatment was carried out prior to the NEA activation. We have discussed the quantum efficiency (QE) with different thermal history. GaAs surfaces cleaned with organic solvents were thermally treated with the temperature sequence of 773K, 823K, and 723K. The NEA activation was carried out at every temperature. The QE less than 1% was obtained with 773K of treatment temperature on the initial surface. Then the QE increased at 10% after treatment at higher 823K. Successive increase of the QE to 13% was observed with a reduced temperature treatment at 723K. The GaAs surfaces after the thermal treatment in the high temperature region with the NEA activation are different from the as-cleaned-GaAs surfaces probably in stoichiometry or morphology due to desorption of As and Ga atoms. The role of thermal treatment with NEA activation is the modification of surface properties important for elevating the QE.

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MOPRI047

The Preparation of Atomically Clean Metal Surfaces for use as Photocathodes in Normally Conducting RF Guns

gun, plasma, laser, electron

711

T.C.Q. Noakes, A.N. Hannah, K.J. Middleman, B.L. Militsyn, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
S. Mistry
Loughborough University, Leicestershre, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by FP7 EuCard2 http://cern.ch/eucard2
This work reports a study of various alternative metal samples as candidate materials for use as photocathodes in normally conducting RF guns. Clean surfaces were prepared using Argon ion bombardment and quantum efficiency measured using a 265 nm UV LED light source with a picoammeter for drain current monitoring. Surface composition was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a Kelvin probe apparatus provided work function measurements. Data was taken both before and after annealing to 200°C, a temperature that is routinely achieved during RF gun vacuum baking. Ion bombardment typically leaves a very rough surface that can have a detrimental effect on beam emittance, so further work will focus on the use of Oxygen plasma cleaning of the best candidate alternative metals. An oxygen plasma treated Copper photocathode has been shown to produce an acceptable level of quantum efficiency in the VELA accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory.

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MOPRI067

Beam Cooling Systems and Activities at GSI and FAIR

electron, experiment, pick-up, antiproton

757

C. Dimopoulou
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Efficient and versatile beam cooling (electron and stochastic cooling) has been an indispensable ingredient for beam preparation and physics experiments at the GSI accelerator complex. The hot secondary beams emerging from the production targets can hardly be used, unless they are cooled. Beam stacking of low-abundant species relies on cooling. Cooling enables high-precision experiments with stored beams, counteracts the heating during internal target operation and controls decelerated beams. New challenges lie ahead within the FAIR project like (i) the ongoing integration downstream of the ESR of the low-energy CRYRING with its electron cooler, (ii) the developments for the demanding CR stochastic cooling system, (iii) the stacking scenarios with RF and stochastic cooling in the HESR/RESR. The function and parameters of the existing and future beam cooling systems are summarized. We report on the latest hardware developments as well as on improvements of the controls and operation software. Recent highlights and results from beam manipulations with cooling at GSI are shown. In focus are those benchmarking experiments, where the concepts for the new FAIR systems are verified.
C. Dimopoulou on behalf of the GSI Beam Cooling Department, of the GSI Stored Beams Division and of the FAIR Project Team.

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MOPRI072

Simulation Study of Heavy Ion Beam Injection and Acceleration in the HESR for Internal Target Experiments with Cooling

target, experiment, acceleration, cavity

768

H. Stockhorst, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
T. Katayama
Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan

Recently, the feature of ion beam injection, storage and acceleration assisted by a barrier bucket and cooling has been investigated in the High Energy Storage Ring HESR at the new facility FAIR which will be built at the GSI Darmstadt. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u*. The simulation studies are now improved to include different injection schemes applying either the barrier cavity or the h = 1 cavity in the HESR. It is outlined how the new 2.5 MeV electron cooler at COSY Jülich or stochastic cooling can support the injection mechanism. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam is extended to 5 GeV/u under the mandatory condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The flexibility of the HESR ring lattice is utilized to avoid transition energy crossing during ramping up to 5 GeV/u and to adjust the rings’ frequency slip factor for optimal stochastic cooling. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a hydrogen target.
* H. Stockhorst et al., MOPEA018, IPAC13

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MOPRI075

COSY 2 MeV Cooler: Design, Diagnostic and Commissioning

electron, controls, gun, diagnostics

777

V.B. Reva, N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, A.V. Ivanov, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J. Dietrich
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
V. Kamerdzhiev, L.J. Mao
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Julich was proposed to further boost the luminosity in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and for testing new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. The COSY cooler is designed on the classic scheme of low energy coolers like cooler CSRm, CSRe, LEIR that was produced in BINP before. The electron beam is transported inside the longitudinal magnetic field along whole trajectory from an electron gun to a collector. This optic scheme is stimulated by the wide range of the working energies 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual unify section. Each section contains two HV power supply and power supply of the magnetic coils. The electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. This report describes the cooler design, diagnostics, control system and the result of the commissioning in BINP and FZJ at the different energies.

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MOPRI082

Acceleration of High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Beams at RIKEN RI Beam Factory

ion-source, cyclotron, ECRIS, linac

800

O. Kamigaito, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Nagatomo
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

Recent efforts concerning the RIBF accelerators in RIKEN have been directed towards achieving higher beam intensities of very heavy ions such as uranium and xenon. As presented in the last IPAC conference in 2013, the intensities of these ion beams have significantly improved due to the construction of a new injector, RILAC2, which is equipped with a 28-GHz superconducting ECR ion source, the development of a helium gas stripper, and upgrading of the bending power of the fRC. In this light, this paper presents the subsequent upgrade programs carried out in the last couple of years, such as developments of a new air stripper for xenon beams and a micro-oven for metallic ions. The current performance level of the RIBF accelerator complex, as well as a future plan to further increase the beam intensities, are also presented.

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MOPRI083

Improvement of the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of Warsaw U200P Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, injection, ECR

803

O. Steczkiewicz, P. Gmaj
HIL, Warsaw, Poland
V. Bekhterev, I.A. Ivanenko
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

To date, Warsaw U200P cyclotron exploited a mirror inflector to route heavy ions extracted from ECR ion source (10 GHz, 11 kV) to the central region of the cyclotron. However, in such configuration very low transmission was reachable after many optimizations. Additionally, the new ECR ion source (14, 5 GHz, 14-24 kV) was installed, which offers energies far exceeding capabilities of the currently operated inflector and central region. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed a spiral inflector and redesigned central region of the cyclotron. It was a very challenging task, bearing in mind limited volume of central region in our compact machine, to carve these elements suitably for decent versatility of ion beams offered by Warsaw cyclotron. This project was executed in the collaboration with FLNR in Dubna, Russia. The cyclotron equipped with the new central region works in the "constant orbit" regime. Hereby we present the results of both computational simulations and measurements of the beam transmission in upgraded central region.

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MOPRI084

Beam Dynamic into the Transfer RIB Lines to the DESIR Facility at GANIL-SPIRAL2

quadrupole, emittance, diagnostics, vacuum

806

L. Perrot, H. Cherif
IPN, Orsay, France

Funding: French ANR, Investissements d'Avenir, EQUIPEX Contract number ANR-11-EQPX-0012
The new ISOL facility SPIRAL2 is currently being built at GANIL, Caen France. SPIRAL2 will produce a large number of new radioactive ion beams (RIB) at high intensities. The DESIR facility will receive beams from the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility of GANIL (stable beam and target fragmentation), from the S3 Low Energy Branch (fusion-evaporation and deep-inelastic reactions) and from the SPIRAL2 production cave (n-induced fission of 238U, nucleon transfer and fusion-evaporation reactions). In order to deliver the RIB to the experimental set-ups installed in the DESIR hall, 110 meters of beam line have to be designed, originating from 3 different facilities. This paper will focus on the studies which have been done on these transfer lines: beam optics and errors calculations, quadrupoles, diagnostics and mechanical designs.

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MOPRI085

IMALION – Creation and Low Energy Transportation of a Milliampere Metal Ion Beam

ion-source, ECR, simulation, plasma

809

A. Silze, M. Kreller, G.H. Zschornack
DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
U. Hartung, T. Kopte, T. Weichsel
Fraunhofer FEP, Dresden, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Freistaat Sachsen (project no. 100074113 and 100074115).
IMALION – which stands for IMplantation of ALuminum IONs – is a facility originally designed for applications in photovoltaics and other branches in semiconductor industry. The idea was to create and guide a milliampere beam of low charged metal ions so that targets with a width of 20 cm and more can be irradiated homogeneously with minimal differences in intensity and entrance angle of the incoming beam over the entire surface. In this poster, we outline the solutions which had to be found during the realization of the project. This concerns the production of a milliampere metal ion current in a newly designed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source combined with an internal sputter magnetron device. Stable operation of the sputter magnetron under ECR magnetic mirror conditions has been proven by optical spectroscopy and Langmuir probe measurements. Furthermore, electrostatic and magnetic beamline elements developed for precision guiding of a low energy but high intensity beam as well as high intensity ion beam diagnostics are presented and ion beam transportation simulations are shown.

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MOPRI086

Status of the PXIE Low Energy Beam Transport Line

solenoid, ion-source, rfq, emittance

812

L.R. Prost, R. Andrews, A.Z. Chen, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.T.P. D'Arcy
UCL, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
A CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac (a.k.a. PIP-II) is envisaged as a possible path for upgrading Fermilab’s injection complex [1]. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator (a.k.a. PXIE) [2] is under construction. The warm part of this accelerator comprises a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2m-long LEBT, a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, and a MEBT that feeds the first cryomodule. In addition to operating in the nominal CW mode, the LEBT should be able to produce a pulsed beam for both PXIE commissioning and modelling of the front-end nominal operation in the pulsed mode. Concurrently, it needs to provide effective means of inhibiting beam as part of the overall machine protection system. A peculiar feature of the present LEBT design is the capability of using the ~1m-long section immediately preceding the RFQ in two regimes of beam transport dynamics: neutralized and space charge dominated. This paper introduces the PXIE LEBT, reports on the status of the ion source and LEBT installation, and presents the first beam measurements.

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MOPRI093

Technical Design of Normal Conducting Re-buncher in the MEBT for Rare Isotope Science Project

cavity, rfq, acceleration, operation

830

H.J. Kim, W.K. Han, I.S. Hong, D. Jeon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the RISP of Institute for Basic Science funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and National Research Foundation of Korea.(2011-0032011)
The front-end system of RISP heavy-ion accelerator(RAON) consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator and a medium energy beam transport(MEBT) line. The MEBT system, which consists of quadrupole magnets, three normal-conducting re-bunchers and diagnostic devices, is installed between the RFQ accelerator and the superconducting linac(SCL). The three normal-conducting re-bunchers are used to minimize the growths of the longitudinal emittance and to manipulate the particle distribution on longitudinal phase space for beam transportation in SCL. Several combination of the number of cavities was examined, and the quarter wave resonator(QWR) type re-buncher was chosen for MEBT line in RAON. The QWR cavity has a frequency of 81.25 MHz, a maximum electric field of 2.53 MV/m on the cavity surface with an electric field of 1 MV/m on the beam axis, a geometrical beta factor of 0.032 and an effective length of 24 cm. In this presentation, I will present the results of baseline design for electro-magnetic field analysis and mechanical design for stress analysis, thermal stress analysis and cooling channel.

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MOPRI095

Study of Beam Transport Lines for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR

target, quadrupole, extraction, beam-transport

836

D. Abler
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Carli, A. Garonna
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K.J. Peach
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was supported by EU FP7 PARTNER (215840) and ULICE (228436).
The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) at CERN has been proposed to provide ion beams with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical research, in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and SPS fixed target physics experiments. In the context of this project, two beamlines are proposed for transporting the extracted beam to future experimental end-stations: a vertical beamline for specific low-energy radiobiological research, and a horizontal beamline for radiobiology and medical physics experimentation. This study presents a first linear-optics design for the delivery of 1-5 mm FWHM pencil beams and 5 cm x 5 cm homogeneous broad beams to both endstations. High field uniformity is achieved by selection of the central part of a strongly defocused Gaussian beam, resulting in low beam utilisation.

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MOPRI101

Field Simulations and Mechanical Implementation of Electrostatic Elements for the ELENA Transfer Lines

quadrupole, proton, vacuum, experiment

855

D. Barna
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
W. Bartmann, J. Borburgh, C. Carli, G. Vanbavinckhove
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) complex at CERN will be extended by an extra low energy anti-proton ring (ELENA) further decelerating the anti-protons thus improving their trapping. The kinetic energy of 100 keV at ELENA extraction facilitates the use of electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments. The mechanical implementation of the electrostatic devices are presented with focus on their alignment, bakeout compatibility, ultra-high vacuum compatibility and polarity switching. Field optimisations for an electrostatic crossing device of three beam lines are shown.

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MOPRI104

Measurement of Beam Ioniziation Loss in SIS18

simulation, vacuum, injection, extraction

864

L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI an ion catcher system has been installed to provide low desorption surfaces for ionization beam loss to reduce dynamic vacuum effects. Medium charge state heavy ions can change their charge state in collission with residual gas molecules. Those ions are cought by the ion catcher system. The ion catcher blocks are mounted electrically insulated, such that it is possible, to directly measure the electrical current, induced by the incident ions. Changes in vacuum density during the acceleration cycle and also the energy dependent decrease of the cross sections for electron loss and electron capture can be measured by this system. Different ion catcher currents, measured during the operation with U²⁸⁺, and their interpretation are presented. The measurement of ionization beam loss is a valuable tool to benchmark the dynamic vacuum simulations.

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MOPRI105

Heavy Ion Induced Desorption Measurements on Cryogenic Targets

target, cryogenics, vacuum, diagnostics

867

Ch. Maurer, D.H.H. Hoffmann
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, Ch. Maurer, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung FKZ 06DA7031
Heavy-ion impact induced gas desorption is the key process that drives beam intensity limiting dynamic vacuum losses. Minimizing this effect, by providing low desorption yield surfaces, is an important issue for maintaining a stable ultra high vacuum during operation with medium charge state heavy ions. For room temperature targets, investigation shows a scaling of the desorption yield with the beam's near-surface electronic energy loss, i.e. a decrease with increasing energy*,**. An optimized material for a room temperature ion-catcher has been found. But for the planned superconducting heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 at the FAIR accelerator complex, the ion catcher system has to work in a cryogenic environment. Desorption measurements with the prototype cryocatcher for SIS100 showed an unexpected energy scaling***, which needs to be explained. Understanding this scaling might lead to a better suited choice of material, resulting in a lower desorption yield. An experimental setup for systematic examination of this scaling is presented. The cryogenic beam-induced desorption yield of several materials at different temperatures is examined.
* H. Kollmus et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 773, 207 (2005))
** E. Mahner et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 050102 (2011)
*** L.H.J. Bozyk, H. Kollmus, P.J. Spiller, Proc. of IPAC 2012, p. 3239

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MOPRI106

Simulation Study of Beam Halo Collimation in the Heavy-ion Synchrotron SIS 100

collimation, simulation, heavy-ion, injection

870

I.A. Prokhorov
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Strašík
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Work is supported by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) contract no. 05P12RDRBM
The FAIR synchrotron SIS-100 will be operated with high-intensity proton and heavy-ion beams. The collimation system should prevent beam loss induced degradation of the vacuum, activation of the accelerator structure and magnet quenches. A conventional two-stage betatron collimation system is considered for the operation with protons and fully-stripped ions. Particle tracking and ion-collimator interaction simulations of the collimation system were performed. The angular and momentum distributions of the scattered halo particles were described using analytical models and numerical tools like ATIMA and FLUKA. MADX was used for the multi-pass tracking simulations. The results obtained for the collimation cleaning efficiency as a function of the ion species and beam energy together with the detailed beam losses distributions along the ring circumference are presented. This work highlights the main aspects of the collimation of fully-stripped ion beams in the intermediate energy range using conventional two-stage systems.

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MOPRI110

Final Layout and Expected Cleaning for the First Crystal-assisted Collimation Test at the LHC

collimation, simulation, proton, injection

882

D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Galluccio
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
A.M. Taratin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The installation in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of two crystals in the horizontal and vertical planes was accomplished during the present LHC long shutdown (LS1) for crystal collimation studies. An appropriate layout was designed to demonstrate the principle feasibility of crystal collimation at the LHC. Extensive simulation campaigns were made to evaluate different crystal positions and parameters, in order to ensure that the main goals of these first feasibility tests in the LHC are within reach. In this paper, the final layout is presented. An overview of the considerations behind the design choices and the crystal parameters is given, and the expected performance of the system is discussed.

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TUPRO004

Polarized Protons and Deuterons at NICA@JINR

proton, collider, luminosity, polarization

1000

A.D. Kovalenko, A.V. Butenko, V.D. Kekelidze, V.A. Mikhaylov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Different aspects of the NICA facility operation in polarized proton and deuteron modes aimed at reaching the highest possible luminosity and polarization degree as well are analysed. The main aim is to provide average luminosity L ≥ 1•1032 cm^-2 s⁻¹ at √sNN ≥ 26-27 GeV for single-spin proton collisions. Optimal schemes of the Siberian Snake insertions to the Nuclotron and NICA collider rings were proposed. The results of simulations are presented and discussed.

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TUPRO005

Status of the NICA Project at JINR

collider, booster, experiment, electron

1003

G.V. Trubnikov, N.N. Agapov, A.V. Butenko, D.E. Donets, E.D. Donets, E.E. Donets, A.V. Eliseev, E.V. Gorbachev, A. Govorov, E.V. Ivanov, V. Karpinsky, V.D. Kekelidze, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, S.A. Kostromin, A.D. Kovalenko, O.S. Kozlov, V.A. Matveev, I.N. Meshkov, V.A. Mikhailov, V. Monchinsky, N. Shurkhno, A.O. Sidorin, I. Slepnev, V. Slepnev, A.V. Smirnov, A. Sorin, N.D. Topilin, A. Tuzikov, V. Volkov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
O.I. Brovko, A.V. Philippov, N.V. Semin
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is the new accelerator complex being constructed in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. General goal of the project is to provide experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter. The development of NICA injection complex is actively performed. Construction of new 3.2 MeV/u heavy-ion linear accelerator (HILac) is now under way in Germany. Construction of booster has been started. In this report the present status of the NICA accelerator complex are presented.

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TUPRO013

Studies on Stochastic Cooling of Heavy Ions in the LHC

kicker, cavity, luminosity, pick-up

1030

M. Schaumann, J.M. Jowett, B. Salvant, M. Wendt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Blaskiewicz, S. Verdú-Andrés
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Future high luminosity heavy-ion operation of the LHC will be dominated by very rapid luminosity decay due to the large collision cross-section and, to a lesser extent, emittance growth from intra-beam scattering (IBS) due to the high bunch intensities. A stochastic cooling system could reduce the emittance far below its initial value and reduce the losses from debunching during collisions, allowing more of the initial beam intensity to be converted into integrated luminosity before the beams are dumped. We review the status of this proposal, system and hardware properties and potential locations for the equipment in the tunnel.

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TUPRO031

RHIC Performance during the 7.5 GeV Low Energy Run in FY 2014

luminosity, experiment, target, injection

1087

C. Montag, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, J. Piacentino, P.H. Pile, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
As the last missing step in phase 1 of the beam energy scan (BES-I), aimed at the search for the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, RHIC collided gold ions at a beam energy of 7.3 GeV/nucleon during the FY 2014 run. While this particular energy is close to the nominal RHIC injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, it is nevertheless challenging because it happens to be close to the AGS transition energy, which makes longitudinal beam dynamics during transfer from the AGS to RHIC difficult. We report on machine performance, obstacles and solutions during the FY 2014 low energy run.

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TUPRO032

RHIC Performance for FY2014 Heavy Ion Run

luminosity, electron, kicker, cavity

1090

G. Robert-Demolaize, J.G. Alessi, M. Bai, E.N. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, S.A. Belomestnykh, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P.H. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, M. Wilinski, Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
After running uranium-uranium and copper-gold collisions in 2012, the high energy heavy ion run of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) for Fiscal Year 14 (Run14) is back to gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at 100 GeV/nucleon. Following the level of performance achieved in Run12, RHIC is still looking to push both instantaneous and integrated luminosity goals. To that end, a new 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity was installed and commissioned, designed to keep ions in one RF bucket and improve luminosity by allowing a smaller beta function at the interaction point (IP) due to a reduced hourglass effect. The following presents an overview of these changes and reviews the performance of the collider.

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TUPRO034

Beam-beam Interaction in the Asymmetric Energy Gold-gold Collision in RHIC

simulation, emittance, experiment, collider

1093

Y. Luo, M. Blaskiewicz, M.R. Costanzo, W. Fischer, X. Gu, V.H. Ranjbar, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In this article, we study the beam-beam interaction in the possible future gold-gold collision with different particle energies in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). With different particle energies, the center-of-mass of collision is moving in the longitudinal direction during collision. Since the RF harmonic numbers are different for the two RHIC rings, bunches collide in 110 turns followed by 10 turns without collision. In this study, the stability of particles and the beam emittance growth are calculated through numeric simulations based on a 6-D weak-strong beam-beam interaction model.

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TUPRO042

Ion Optics of the HESR Storage Ring at FAIR for Operation with Heavy Ions

heavy-ion, target, experiment, optics

1117

O.A. Kovalenko, A. Dolinskyy, T. Katayama, Yu.A. Litvinov, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, H. Stockhorst
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the FAIR project is primarily designed for internal target experiments with stored and cooled antiprotons, which is the main objective of the PANDA collaboration. However, the HESR storage ring also appears to have remarkable properties to carry out physics experiments with heavy ions. In this paper a new ion optical design allowing the heavy ion operation mode of the HESR is presented. The main goal was to provide an optics which meets the requirements of the future experiments with heavy ion beams. Closed orbit correction, dynamic aperture as well as other characteristics of beam dynamics of the ion optical setup are under analysis in this study.

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TUPRO043

Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair

proton, simulation, linac, extraction

1120

C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.

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TUPRO054

Preliminary Design of a LEBT for HIAF Linac at IMP

ion-source, rfq, solenoid, quadrupole

1153

Y. Yang, Y. He, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: National Basic Research Program of China (contract No. 2014CB845500) and the 100 Talents Program of the CAS ( No. Y214160BR0) and China Nature Science Foundation (contract No. 11221064).
Heavy-Ion Advanced Research Facility (HIAF) is a new project proposed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in China. HIAF project accelerator is composed of intense ion beam sources, injector superconducting LINAC, acceleration and accumulation storage ring, a collection ring and a collider ring. To achieve the ultimate project goal, HIAF accelerator requires the ion source to provide very high intensity of heavy ion beams, such as 1.7 emA 238U³⁴⁺ with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse length of 0.5 ms. No state-of-the-art ion source can meet the needs. As a baseline of the project, a high performance superconducting ECR ion source, which is designed to be operational at the microwave frequency of 40-60 GHz will be adopted to produce the pulsed beam of interest for the HIAF accelerator. To transport and match the beams from ECR to the downstream RFQ, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) is needed. This paper presents a preliminary design of the LEBT and the beam dynamics in the LEBT.

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TUPRO071

Optimization of Low Energy Electrostatic Beam Lines

quadrupole, beam-transport, simulation, kicker

1202

O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1
Electrostatic elements are frequently used for transporting low energy charged particles, as they are easy to build and operate. However, beam motion is strongly affected by effects from fringe fields, positioning and manufacturing errors of individual ion optical elements. It is important to carry out detailed studies into these effects in order to optimize beam transport. In this paper results from numerical studies with a purpose-written code are presented and compared against analytical estimates. It is shown how the results can be used to optimize the mechanical layout of the electrostatic ion optics elements, including quadrupoles and spherical deflectors. Finally, the results from beam tracking through a multi-element beam line are presented on the basis of both, matrix multiplication and numerical particle tracking.

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TUPRO117

Magnet Design for the SNS Laser Stripping Experiment

laser, electron, experiment, operation

1328

A.V. Aleksandrov, A.A. Menshov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This work is funded by the U.S. DOE under grant number DE-FG02-13ER41967, and by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle Corporation.
The first step in the three-step laser assisted H⁻ beam stripping for charge exchange injection is to remove one electron in a strong magnetic field. In order to preserve the beam emittance for the subsequent laser induced stripping of the second electron the magnetic field has to have large gradient of about 40 T/m along the beam trajectory. The required magnetic field strength for stripping 1GeV H⁻ beam is 1.2 T in 29 mm aperture. In order to allow for undisturbed passage of high power beam during the nominal SNS operation the stripping magnet made of permanent magnet material resides in vacuum chamber and can move in and out of the beam line. This presentation describes requirements and design and the magnetic field calculation results for a stripping magnet for the Laser Stripping Experiment at SNS.

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TUPME030

The LIGHT Beamline at GSI: Shaping Intense MeV Proton Bunches from a Compact Laser-driven Source

proton, laser, cavity, focusing

1419

S. Busold, O. Deppert, M. Roth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold
HIJ, Jena, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, S. Busold, D. Schumacher
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Brabetz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
F. Kroll
TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
F. Kroll
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

Laser-based proton acceleration as a source of high intensity multi-MeV-range proton bunches became subject of extensive research during the last 15 years and is discussed as potential candidate for various applications. However, their usage often requires special ways of beam shaping first, as the particles are emitted in a wide energy spectrum and with a large divergence angle from the laser matter interaction point. To handle these characteristics, a test stand has been build at GSI Darmstadt, using a pulsed high field solenoid and a radiofrequency cavity to produce intense collimated proton bunches with low energy spread from a TNSA source. In recent experiments, energy compression of an intense proton bunch around 10 MeV central energy to an energy spread of less than 3% could be demonstrated. The particle numbers were in access of 10⁹ protons and the bunch duration was only a few nanoseconds. Even shorter bunches and thus higher particle intensities are possible. This compact laser-driven proton beamline, available now at GSI, will be introduced and latest experimental results presented.

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TUPME039

System Integration of the Demonstration Siemens Electrostatic Accelerator

high-voltage, ion-source, power-supply, experiment

1440

H. von Jagwitz-Biegnitz
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Beasley, S. Goßmann-Levchuk, O. Heid
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
D.C. Faircloth
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
R.G. Selway
Inspired Engineering Ltd, Climping, United Kingdom

Siemens has proposed a novel compact DC electrostatic tandem accelerator to produce protons of a few MeV. Siemens is currently building a prototype of the accelerator at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This paper reports on recent progress on the different components of the system as well as the commissioning of the whole machine.

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TUPME053

Study of the Energy Modulated Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source for the Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ Cavity

coupling, ion-source, cavity, ECR

1486

W.L. Xia, J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, Z.Y. Guo, Y.R. Lu, S.X. Peng, Z. Wang, X.Q. Yan, J. Zhao, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The coupled RFQ and SFRFQ cavity has been manufactured and tested recently. According to the beam dynamic design, the input He⁺ beam within 120° phase width is designed for the cavity to achieve over 98% transmission efficiency. An energy modulated electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was proposed and simulated. To achieve the 1% energy modulation on the 30keV direct current (DC) beam, two simplified RF power feeding structures for beam bunching were studied. The simulations show positive results as well as the bunched beam is achieved by the energy modulated ECR ion source.

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TUPRI009

Study of Resonance Crossing in Non-scaling FFAGs using the S-POD Linear Paul Trap

resonance, dipole, experiment, acceleration

1571

D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior, S.L. Sheehy
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
K. Fukushima, K. Ito, K. Moriya, H. Okamoto, T. Okano
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Experiments on EMMA have shown that with rapid acceleration (~10 turns) a linear non-scaling FFAG can accelerate through several integer tunes without detrimental effects on the beam [1]. Proton and ion applications such as hadron therapy will necessarily have a slower acceleration rate, so their feasibility depends on how harmful resonance crossing is in this regime. A simple and useful tool to answer such fundamental questions is the S-POD linear Paul trap at Hiroshima University, which can be set up to simulate the dynamics of a beam in an FFAG. We report here results of experiments to explore different resonance crossing speeds, quantify beam loss and study nonlinear effects. We also discuss the implications of these experimental results in terms of limits on acceptable acceleration rates and alignment errors.
[1] S.Machida et al, Nature Physics, N8, 243-257 (2012)

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TUPRI016

First Studies on Ion Effects in the Accelerator ELSA

electron, synchrotron, feedback, quadrupole

1585

D. Sauerland, W. Hillert, M.T. Switka
ELSA, Bonn, Germany
A. Markoviḱ, U. van Rienen
Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
A. Meseck
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
In the ELSA stretcher ring electrons are accelerated by a fast energy ramp of 6 GeV/s to a beam energy of 3.2 GeV. The high energetic electrons ionize the residual gas molecules in the beam pipe by collisions or synchrotron radiation. The generated ions in turn accumulate inside the beam potential, causing several undesired effects such as tune shifts and beam instabilities. These effects are studied experimentally at ELSA using its full diagnostic capabilities. Both tune shifts due to beam neutralization and transversal beam-ion instabilities can be determined from the beam spectrum. Additionally the beam's transfer function can be measured using a broadband transversal kicker. In the stretcher ring at a beam energy of 1.2 GeV, a periodic beam blow-up was detected in the horizontal plane. Additional measurements of the transversal beam spectrum and ns-time resolution observations with a streak camera identified this blow-up as a coherent dipole oscillation of the beam. This horizontal instability is presumably caused by trapped ions, as there is a strong correlation with the high voltage-bias of the clearing electrodes.

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TUPRI028

Review of Rest Gas Interaction at Very Low Energies applied to the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA

scattering, antiproton, emittance, electron

1621

C. Carli, T.L. Rijoff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler, which shall be constructed at CERN to decelerate antiprotons to energies as low as 100 keV. Scattering of beam particles on rest gas molecules may have a detrimental effect at such low energies and leads to stringent vacuum requirements. Within this contribution scattering of the stored beam on rest gas molecules is discussed for very low beam energies. It is important to carefully distinguish between antiprotons scattered out of the acceptance and lost, and those remaining inside the aperture to avoid overestimation of emittance blow-up. Furthermore, many antiprotons do not interact at all during the time they are stored in ELENA and hence this is not a multiple scattering process

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TUPRI036

Fast Ion Instability at CESR-TA

feedback, vacuum, simulation, electron

1638

A. Chatterjee, K.J. Blaser, M. P. Ehrlichman, D. L. Rubin, J.P. Shanks
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by NSF and DOE Contracts No. PHY-0734867, No. PHY-1002467, No. PHYS-1068662, No. DE-FC02-08ER41538, No. DE-SC0006505, and the Japan/U.S. Cooperation Program.
Fast Ion Instability can lead to deterioration of an electron beam (increasing emittance and instability of a train of bunches) in storage rings and linacs. We study this at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator using a 2.1 GeV low emittance beam. As the source of ions is residual gas, our measurements are conducted at various pressures, including nominal vacuum as well as injected gas (Ar, Kr). We measure turn-by-turn vertical bunch size and position, as well as the multi-bunch power spectrum. A detailed simulation is then used to compare theory with observations.

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TUPRI046

Dynamics of Ion Distributions in Beam Guiding Magnets

quadrupole, simulation, space-charge, electron

1668

A. Markoviḱ, G. Pöplau, U. van Rienen
Rostock University, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Rostock, Germany
W. Hillert, D. Sauerland
ELSA, Bonn, Germany
A. Meseck
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract number 05K13HRC.
Ions generated by synchrotron radiation and collisions of the beam with the rest gas in the vacuum chamber could be a limiting factor for the operation of electron storage rings and Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL). In order to develop beam instability mitigation strategies, a deeper understanding of the ion-cloud behaviour is needed. Numerical simulations of the interaction between electron beams and parasitic ions verified with dedicated measurements can help to acquire that knowledge. This paper presents results of detailed simulations of the interaction in quadrupole magnets and drift sections of the Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA in Bonn. The focus is on the evaluation of the dynamics of different ion species and their characteristic distribution in quadrupole magnets.

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TUPRI050

Numerical Calculation and Experiment of Ion Related Phenomenon in SPring-8 Storage Ring

electron, simulation, storage-ring, experiment

1680

A. Mochihashi, M. Takao
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan

In the SPring-8 storage ring, various kinds of bunch filling pattern are available. Under some bunch filling patterns, residual gas ions created by scattering process between high energy electrons and residual gas molecules can be trapped stably around the electron beam and disturb the original motion of the beam. We have considered the stability of the electron beam due to the ion related phenomenon under several bunch filling patterns by computer simulation. In the simulation, we have modeled the electron bunch as single particle and the residual gas ions as macroparticles. The number of the trapped ions, size of the ion cloud and change in betatron oscillation amplitude of the beam under several filling pattern conditions will be discussed. We have also performed experiments for stability of the beam under equally spaced bunch filling patterns which give severe condition for the ion related instability. The numerical calculations and the experimental results will be discussed in the presentation.

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WEYA01

Challenges of Radioactive Beam Facilities – Comparing Solutions at SPIRAL2 and FAIR

target, linac, ISOL, heavy-ion

1852

R. Ferdinand
GANIL, Caen, France

The SPIRAL2 facility at GANIL will use a high-power p, d and heavy-ion driver to produce RIB though both ISOL and in-flight techniques. The SPIRAL2-injector beam is expected before the end of 2014. The construction of the FAIR facility has started at GSI and the outline of the accelerator complex is well defined. A clear strategy and construction schedule is defined in the framework of the international FAIR collaboration. This talk will give an overview of the accelerators at both facilities and compare the characteristics and benefits of these two approaches to meet their user needs.

Slides WEYA01 [9.134 MB]

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WEOBA01

Status of the FAIR Synchrotron Projects SIS18 Upgrade and SIS100

quadrupole, dipole, operation, heavy-ion

1857

P.J. Spiller, R. Balß, A. Bleile, L.H.J. Bozyk, J. Ceballos Velasco, T. Eisel, E.S. Fischer, P. Forck, P. Hülsmann, M. Kauschke, O.K. Kester, H. Klingbeil, H.G. König, H. Kollmus, P. Kowina, A. Krämer, J.P. Meier, A. Mierau, C. Omet, D. Ondreka, N. Pyka, H. Ramakers, P. Schnizer, H. Welker, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Iluk
WRUT, Wrocław, Poland
H.G. Khodzhibagiyan
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D. Urner
FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany

The upgrade of the existing heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 as booster for the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 has been partly completed. With the achieved technical status, a major increase of the accelerated number of heavy ions could be reached. This progress especially demonstrates the feasibilty of acceleration of medium charge state heavy ions with high intensity and and the succesfull control of dynamic vaccuum effects and correlated charge exchange loss. Two further upgrade measures, the installation of additional MA acceleration cavities and the exchange of the main dipole power converter are in progress. For the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 all major components with long production times have been ordered. With several pre-series components, outstanding technical developments have been completed and the readiness for series production reached. The technical project status will be summarized.

Slides WEOBA01 [6.107 MB]

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WEOBA02

Superconducting Linac for Rare Isotope Science Project

linac, cavity, cryomodule, proton

1861

H.J. Kim, H.J. Cha, M.O. Hyun, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) has been proposed as a multi-purpose accelerator facility for providing beams of exotic rare isotopes of various energies. The RISP driver linac which is used to accelerate the beam, for an example, Uranium ions from 0.5 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u consists of superconducting RF cavities and warm quadrupole magnets for focusing heavy ion beams. Requirement of the linac design is especially high for acceleration of multiple charge beams. In this paper, we present the status of RISP linac design and the development of superconducting cavity and cryomodule.

Slides WEOBA02 [9.226 MB]

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WEOBA03

Status of Preparations for a 10 μs Laser-Assisted H⁻ Beam Stripping Experiment

laser, experiment, optics, injection

1864

S.M. Cousineau, A.V. Aleksandrov, V.V. Danilov, T.V. Gorlov, Y. Liu, A.A. Menshov, M.A. Plum, A.P. Shishlo, Y. Wang
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
F.G. Garcia, N.F. Luttrell
UTK, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
D.E. Johnson
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
A. Rakhman
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Y. Takeda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work is funded by the U.S. DOE under grant number DE-FG02-13ER41967, and by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle Corporation.
The concept of laser-assisted H⁻ stripping, originated over three decades ago, was successfully demonstrated for a 6 ns, 900 MeV H⁻ beam in 2006. Plans are underway to build on this foundation by performing laser-assisted H⁻ stripping of a 10 μs, 1 GeV H⁻ beam at the Spallation Neutron Source facility; this constitutes a three orders of magnitude improvement over the initial proof of principle demonstration. The central theme of the experiment is the reduction of the required laser power through ion beam manipulations and laser-ion beam temporal matching. This paper discusses the configuration of the experiment, the current and anticipated challenges, and the schedule.

Slides WEOBA03 [2.549 MB]

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WEXB01

Breaking the 70 MeV Proton Energy Threshold in Laser Proton Acceleration and Guiding Beams to Applications

laser, target, proton, acceleration

1886

M. Roth, S. Bedacht, S. Busold, O. Deppert, G. Schaumann, A. Tebartz, F. Wagner
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
V. Bagnoud, A. Blazevic, D. Schumacher
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Brabetz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
T.E. Cowan
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
K. Falk, A. Favalli, J.C. Fernandez, C. Gautier, C.E. Hamilton, R.P. Johnson, K. Schoenberg, T. Shimada, G.A. Wurden
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
M. Geißel, M. Schollmeier
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
D. Jung
Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
F. Kroll
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

This talk covers recent developments in laser plasma ion acceleration describing the technological challenges in breaking of energy threshold of 70 MeV. The presentation also highlights the recent experimental achievements towards laser ion acceleration and transport in the LIGHT collaboration.

Slides WEXB01 [15.155 MB]

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WEOAB01

The Commissioning of the Laser Ion Source for RHIC-EBIS

laser, target, ion-source, injection

1890

T. Kanesue, J.G. Alessi, E.N. Beebe, M.R. Costanzo, L. DeSanto, R.F. Lambiase, D. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, V. LoDestro, M. Okamura, R.H. Olsen, A.I. Pikin, D. Raparia, A.N. Steszyn
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S. Ikeda
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
K. Kondo, M. Sekine
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan

Funding: Work supported by NASA and Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy
A new laser ion source (LIS) for low charge state ion production was installed on RHIC-EBIS. This is the first LIS to be combined with an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) type heavy ion source. The LIS provides intense low charge state ions from any solid state material, with low emittance and narrow pulse length. These features make it suitable as an external source of 1+ ions that can be injected into the EBIS trap for charge breeding. In addition, a LIS is the only type ion source which can allow rapid switching among many ion species, even on pulse-by-pulse basis, by changing either laser path or target position, to strike the material of choice. The EBIS works as a charge breeder, with the extracted high charge state ions used in the following accelerators. The beams from LIS will be used for RHIC and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL. The rapid beam switching, which was not possible with existing ion sources, will expand the research field at NSRL as a galactic cosmic ray simulator. The results of commissioning will be shown.

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WEOAB02

Wide-band Induction Acceleration in the KEK Digital Accelerator

acceleration, induction, synchrotron, experiment

1893

T. Yoshimoto, X. Liu, K. Takayama
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
T. Adachi, K. Takayama
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Adachi, T. Arai, E. Kadokura, T. Kawakubo, X. Liu, K. Okamura, S. Takano, K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Asao, Y. Okada
NETS, Fuchu-shi, Japan
M. Hirose, H. Kobayashi
Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan

Induction synchrotron can accelerate any ion species directly to higher energy without a large pre-accelerator, due to its intrinsic nature that there is no frequency band-width limitation below 1 MHz. KEK digital accelerator (DA) is a small scale prototype of fast cycling induction synchrotron. Recently it has been confirmed that heavy ion beams of mass to charge ratio A/Q = 4 are stably accelerated from 200 keV to a few tens of MeV in this accelerator ring*, where the revolution frequency changes from82 kHz to 1 MHz. Acceleration and beam confinement are separately realized by pulse voltages generated in induction cells (1 to 1 pulse transformers) driven by the switching power supply (SPS)**. Everything is simply maneuvered by controlling of gate signals of solid-state switching elements employed in the SPS. For this purpose, the fully programmed acceleration control system based on the FPGA has been developed. In this paper, the wide-band induction acceleration is presented with experimental results. Further possibilities of beam handling in the induction synchrotron, such as super bunch and novel beam handling techniques, are discussed.
* K.Takayama et al., to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (2013).
** T.Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071301(2011).

Slides WEOAB02 [8.935 MB]

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WEPRO060

Status of the FAIR Accelerator Facility

antiproton, dipole, target, synchrotron

2084

O.K. Kester, W.A. Barth, A. Dolinskyy, F. Hagenbuck, K. Knie, H. Reich-Sprenger, H. Simon, P.J. Spiller, U. Weinrich, M. Winkler
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Maier, D. Prasuhn
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Funding: Supported by the BMBF and state of Hessen
The accelerators of the facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – FAIR are designed to deliver stable and rare isotope beams covering a huge range of intensities and beam energies. The ion and antiproton beams for the experiments will have highest beam quality for cutting edge physics to be conducted within the four research pillars CBM, NuSTAR, APPA and PANDA. The challenges of the accelerator facility to be established are related to the systems comprising magnets, cryo technology, rf-technology, vacuum etc. FAIR will employ heavy ion synchrotrons for highest intensities, antiproton and rare isotope production stations, high resolution separators and several storage rings where beam cooling can be applied. Intense work on test infrastructure for the huge number of superconducting magnets of the FAIR machines is ongoing at GSI and several partner labs. In addition, the GSI accelerator facility is being prepared to serve as injector for the FAIR accelerators. As the construction of the FAIR facility and procurement has started, an overview of the designs, procurements status and infrastructure preparation will be provided.

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WEPRO062

Reacceleration of Ion Beams for Particle Therapy

synchrotron, extraction, operation, acceleration

2091

C. Schömers, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) cancer patients are treated using the raster-scanning method. A synchrotron provides pencil beams in therapy quality for 255 energy steps per ion type allowing to vary the penetration depth and thus to irradiate tumors slice-by-slice. So far, changing the beam energy necessitates a new synchrotron cycle, including all phases without beam extraction. As the no. of ions that can be accelerated in the synchrotron usually exceeds the required no. of ions for one energy slice, treatment time could be significantly reduced by reaccelerating or decelerating the remaining ions to the next energy level. By alternating acceleration and extraction phases several slices could be irradiated with only short interruptions. Therefore the reacceleration of a transversally blown up beam – due to RF-knockout extraction – must be investigated, beam losses have to be minimized. To estimate the benefit of this operation mode, treatment time has been simulated and compared to the time achieved in the past. A reduction of up to 65% is possible and more patients can be treated! Simulations and first tests of a reaccelerated and extracted beam are presented.

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WEPRO067

Development of NICA Injection Complex

rfq, linac, ion-source, DTL

2103

A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, A.D. Kovalenko, K.A. Levterov, A.O. Sidorin, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
A. Belov
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
E.D. Donets, V.V. Fimushkin, A. Govorov, V. Kobets, V. Monchinsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Höltermann, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
T. Kulevoy, D.A. Liakin
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
S.M. Polozov
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is assumed to operate using two linear accelerators: the Alvarez-type linac LU-20 as injector for light ions, polarized protons and deuterons and a new linac HILac for heavy ions. The new Booster and existing Nuclotron superconducting rings are the main parts of the injection complex of the NICA collider. The status of ion sources, both linacs and rings is presented.

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WEPRO080

HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

target, proton, extraction, neutron

2143

T. De Melo Mendonca
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.

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WEPRO081

Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre

synchrotron, injection, extraction, proton

2146

F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
M. Benedikt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper.
* P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.

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WEPRO082

A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons

proton, radiation, cyclotron, extraction

2149

C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.

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WEPRO083

Implementation of a Superconducting Electron Beam Ion Source into the HIT Ion Source Test Bench

rfq, ion-source, ECRIS, emittance

2153

E. Ritter, A. Silze, G.H. Zschornack
DREEBIT GmbH, Dresden, Germany
R. Cee, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, T.W. Winkelmann
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
G. Zschornack
TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Cancer therapy with light heavy ions is now a well proven technology. Almost all facilities are running Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) to produce carbon ions and protons as well. In the 1990’s the idea of using a Electron Beam Ion Source was proposed (EBIS) [1]. Some proof of principle measurements were carried out [2] but the application of EBIS ion sources in radiation facilities has not been established. We present results from the implementation of a superconducting EBIS, the Dresden EBIS-SC, at an RFQ accelerator at the testbench of the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT). First results from C 4+ ions produced by the Dresden EBIS-SC [3] and injection in an RFQ accelerator at the HIT testbench are shown. Furthermore, emittance measurements as well as investigations of the ion energy and the transmission through the RFQ were done. The emittance of the EBIS source is lower by a factor of nine compared to an ECRIS, which improves the transmission through the RFQ. With the current setup the ion output from the EBIS-SC is lower by a factor of 7 compared to an ECRIS to fulfill the requirements of the highest irradiation level. Further improvements are discussed.
* erik.ritter@dreebit.com

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WEPRO087

Magnetic-field Measurements of Superconducting Magnets for a Heavy-ion Rotating-gantry and Beam-tracking Simulations

superconducting-magnet, heavy-ion, quadrupole, simulation

2159

S.S. Suzuki, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, Y. Iwata, K. Mizushima, S. Mori, K. Noda, T. Shirai, K. Shoda
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
N. Amemiya
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
H. Arai, T. Fujimoto
AEC, Chiba, Japan
T.F. Fujita
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
Y. Nagamoto, T. Orikasa, S. Takayama, T. Yazawa
Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan
T. Obana
NIFS, Gifu, Japan
T. Ogitsu
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Manufacture of superconducting rotating-gantry for heavy-ion radiotherapy is currently in progress. This rotating gantry can transport heavy ions having 430 MeV/nucleon to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0-360 degrees, and enable advanced radiation-therapy. The three-dimensional scanning-irradiation method is performed in this rotating gantry. Therefore, uniformity of magnetic field is quite important since scanned beams traverse through these superconducting magnets before reaching to the isocenter. In the present work, we precisely measured the magnetic-field distributions of the superconducting magnets for the rotating gantry. We used Hall probes to measure the magnetic field. The magnetic-field distributions were determined by measuring Hall voltage, while moving the Hall probes on a rail, which has the same curvature as a center trajectory of beams. The measured-field distributions were compared with calculated distributions with a three-dimensional electromagnetic-field solver, the OPERA-3D code. Furthermore, beam-tracking simulations were performed by using the measured magnetic-field distributions to verify the design of the superconducting magnets.

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WEPRO091

Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR

cyclotron, extraction, proton, synchrotron

2171

E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.

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WEPRO092

Comparisons and Simulations of Superconducting Dipole Magnets for JINR Carbon Ion Gantry

dipole, synchrotron, vacuum, simulation

2174

E. Syresin, N.A. Morozov, D. Shvidkiy
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

A medical complex for carbon ion therapy has been developed in the JINR based on the own technology of the superconducting ion synchrotron - Nuclotron. One important feature of this project is related to the application of superconducting gantry. In the project, two schemes of superconducting gantries have been considered. In the first scheme, the last gantry element is supposed to be represented by a superconducting magnet with a scan region in it of 20 × 20 cm. In the second scheme the gantry consists of four 45°bending sections, each including two similar dipole magnets of a low aperture (about 120 mm). Such gantries are intended for multiple raster scanning with a wide carbon beam and the technique of layer wise irradiation with a spread out Bragg peak of several mm. The comparison and simulation of superconducting dipole magnet for JINR carbon ion gantry is under discussion.

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WEPRO094

Synchrotron Radiation Test Validations of European XFEL MCP-based Detectors at DORIS Beamline BW1

detector, photon, radiation, FEL

2180

E. Syresin, A.Yu. Grebentsov, A.V. Shabunov, N.I. Zamiatin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
R. Basta, T. Fiala, P. Hedbavny
Vakuum Praha, Prague, Czech Republic
O.I. Brovko
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
W. Freund, J. Grünert, H. Sinn
XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
D. Novikov, M.V. Yurkov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Radiation detectors based onμchannel plates (MCP) are planned for installation at the European XFEL. Main purpose of these detectors is searching a signature of lasing and further fine tuning of the FEL process. Detectors operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the saturation level (between a few nJ and 25 mJ), and in a wide wavelength range from 0.05 nm to 0.4 nm for SASE1 and SASE2, and from 0.4 nm to 4.43 nm for SASE3. The SR tests validation of the MCP-based detector applied for XFEL lines SASE1 and SASE2 were performed at the DORIS beamline BW1 at SR with photon energy of 8.5-12.4 keV. The absolute measurements of a photon pulse energy for hard X-ray radiation were performed with application of MCP and photodiode detectors. Pulse-to-pulse photon energy measurements with MCPs and silicon photo detector were done with 192 ns and 96 ns repetition intervals. The SR beam imaging measurement at X-ray irradiation was performed at test validation experiments.

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WEPRO095

Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex

proton, target, synchrotron, extraction

2183

M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.

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WEPRO099

A Study of the Production of Neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy using a Proton Accelerator

neutron, target, proton, cyclotron

2195

T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J.R.J. Bennett
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S. Green
University Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
B. Phoenix, M.C. Scott
Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy particularly well-suited to treating aggressive tumours that exhibit a high degree of infiltration of the surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, for example of the brain and lung, provide some of the most challenging problems in oncology. The first element of the therapy is boron-10 which is preferentially introduced into the cancerous cells using a carrier compound. Boron-10 has a very high capture cross-section with the other element of the therapy, thermal neutrons, resulting in the production of a lithium nucleus and an alpha particle which destroy the cell they are created in. However, a large flux of neutrons is required and until recently the only source used was a nuclear reactor. In Birmingham, studies of an existing BNCT facility using a 2.8 MeV proton beam and a solid lithium target have found a way to increase the beam power to a sufficient level to allow clinical trials, while maintaining the target solid. In this paper, we will introduce BNCT, describe the work in Birmingham and compare with other accelerator-driven BNCT projects around the World.

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WEPRO106

Complex “ALFA” After 10 Years of Operation on Track Membranes Production

cyclotron, extraction, injection, ion-source

2212

G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The film irradiation complex “ALFA” dedicated to expose the polymer films used in the track membranes production was designed and manufactured by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for “TRACKPORE TECHNOLOGY" holding company and put into operation in 2002 year in Dubna, Russia. The complex consists of the isochronous cyclotron CYTRACK with external injection of ions, the extraction system, the beam transport of accelerated ions and the film irradiation chamber. Cyclotron CYTRACK accelerates argon ions upto the energy - 2,4 МeV/nucleon, intensity of extracted beam is about 500nA, extraction efficiency totaled 50%. The complex “ALFA” products polyethylene terephthalate track membranes with less than 25 μm thickness and less than 40cm width. After ten years of the successful operation complex “ALFA” was upgraded. Vacuum, control and power supply systems were replaced. As a result the stability and efficiency of the operation of the equipment were increased.

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WEPME018

CERN Vacuum System Activities during the Long Shutdown 1: The LHC’s injector chain.

vacuum, linac, operation, gun

2291

J.A. Ferreira Somoza, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the long shutdown 1 (LS1), several maintenance, consolidation and upgrade activities have been carried out in LHC’s injector chain. Each machine has specific vacuum requirements and different history, which determine the present status of the vacuum components, their maintenance and consolidation needs. The present work presents the priorities agreed at the beginning of the LS1 period and their implementation. Of particular relevance are the interventions in radioactive controlled areas where several leaks due to stress corrosions stopped the operations in the past years. The strategy to reduce the collective dose is presented, in particular the use of remote controlled robots. An important part of the work performed during this period involves supporting other teams (acceptance tests, new equipment installation, etc.). Finally, as a result of the LS1 experience, a medium to long term strategy is depicted, focusing on the preparation of the next shutdown (LS2) and the integration of LINAC4 in the injector chain during the same period.

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WEPME029

Development of a Field Emitter-based Extractor Gauge for the Operation in Cryogenic Vacuum Environments

vacuum, cryogenics, cathode, operation

2320

M. Lotz, O.K. Kester, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

This paper presents an investigation of a CNT emitter-based extractor gauge which is designed for pressure reading in cryogenic ultra-high vacuum systems. The results show that the modified gauge works well in both room temperature and cryogenic vacuum environments. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that the modified gauge responds much more sensitive to small pressure fluctuations in cryogenic environments than the same gauge type having a hot-filament cathode.

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WEPME030

Design and Construction of a Prototype Sputter ion Pump in ILSF

vacuum, cathode, operation, electron

2323

O. Seify, H. Ghasem, S. Kashani, J. Rahighi
ILSF, Tehran, Iran
H. Ghasem
IPM, Tehran, Iran

Design and construction process of special kind of sputter ion pump is described briefly in this paper. In order to investigate the optimization of effective parameters in choosing and designing ILSF ion pumps, this pump has been designed and manufactured. By optimizing some parameters such as dimension and shape of penning cells, anode voltage, magnetic field and internal structure of pump, it is possible to significantly decrease the cost of construction and operation of synchrotron vacuum system. One of the most important advantages of this design, is that the initial parameters and finally internal structure of the prototype pump are changeable easily. The effect of parameters like anode voltage, magnetic field etc. on pumping speed and final pressure are described. With the existing optimization it is expected that an ultimate pressure of 1x10^-11 Torr could be achieved.

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WEPME035

Beam Loss Suppression by Improvement of Vacuum System in J-PARC RCS

injection, vacuum, synchrotron, linac

2338

J. Kamiya, M. Kinsho, S. Noshiroya, K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

In high power beam accelerators, pressure of the beam line directly affects the amount of the beam loss. For example, in the early 1970’s in CERN’s Intersecting Storage Ring (ISR), the ion-induced pressure bump produced the fall-off of the beam current. 3GeV synchrotron (RCS) in J-PARC is no exception. RCS is one of the most high power beam accelerators in the world. It aims the 1 MW beam power, which corresponds to the average and peak beam current of 333 uA and about 10 A, respectively. In the present stage, the injection line called L3BT line (Linac to 3GeV Beam Transport line), is the section, where the pressure notably produces the beam loss. In this line, H⁻ beam from Linac was converted to H⁰ by charge stripping due to the interaction between H⁻ beam and the residual gas molecules. Such H⁰ was not bended by the injection septum magnets and directly hit the vacuum wall. We decided to add the vacuum pumps in this line to reduce the residual gas molecules. We will present the effectivity of the additional pumps on the basis of the measured results of the pressure improvement and the beam loss suppression.

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WEPME041

Vacuum Acceptance Tests for the UHV Room Temperature Vacuum System of the LHC during LS1

vacuum, injection, accumulation, controls

2357

G. Cattenoz, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, D. Calegari, P. Chiggiato, J.E. Gallagher, A. Marraffa
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) first long shut down (LS1), a large number of vacuum tests are carried out on consolidated or newly fabricated pieces of equipment. In such a way, the vacuum compatibility is assessed before installation in the UHV system of the LHC. According to the equipment’s nature, the vacuum acceptance tests consist in functional checks, leak tests, outgassing rate measurements, evaluation of contaminants by Residual Gas Analysis (RGA), pumping speed measurements, and qualification of the sticking probability of Non-Evaporable-Getter coating. In this paper, the methods used for the tests and the acceptance criteria are described. A summary of the measured vacuum characteristics for the tested components is also given.

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WEPME045

Assessment of New Components to be Integrated in the LHC Room Temperature Vacuum System

vacuum, experiment, injection, operation

2369

G. Bregliozzi, V. Baglin, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Integration of new equipment in the long straight sections (LSS) of the LHC must be compatible with the TiZrV non-evaporable getter thin film that coats most of the 6-km-long room-temperature beam pipes. This paper focus on two innovative accelerator devices to be installed in the LSS during the long shutdown 1 (LS1): the beam gas vertex (BGV) and a beam bending experiment using crystal collimator (LUA9). The BGV necessitates a dedicated pressure bump, generated by local gas injection, in order to create the required rate of inelastic beam-gas interactions. The LAU9 experiments aims at improving beam cleaning efficiency with the use of a crystal collimator. New materials like fibre optics, piezoelectric components, and glues are proposed in the original design of the two devices. The integration feasibility of these set-ups in the LSS is presented. In particular outgassing tests of special components, X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy, analysis of NEG coating behaviour in presence of glues during bake-out, and pressure profile simulations will be presented.

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WEPME052

The Installation of TPS Booster Vacuum System

vacuum, booster, dipole, synchrotron

2390

C.M. Cheng, B.Y. Chen, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, T.Y. Lee, Y.C. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The booster of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is designed for 3GeV full energy injection ramped up from 150MeV. It is a synchrotron accelerator of 496.8m. The major vacuum system is elliptical tube made of 304 stainless steel. The inner cross section is 35*20 mm with 0.7 mm thickness. The elliptical tubes were chemical cleaned and ozonated water cleaned before installation. The bending tube was assembled and aligned into dipole magnet at laboratory. The BPM support and pumping chamber support was aligned with 0.3 mm deviation. The BPM chamber and pumping chamber was assembled firstly. The elliptical tube and bellows was installed to connect BPM, pumping chamber and bending chamber. The cold cathode gauge and TMP was mounted on pumping chamber. The pressure data and residual gas analysis will be described in the paper.

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WEPME055

Residual Gas in the 14 m-long Aluminium Vacuum System of the Storage Ring of Taiwan Photon Source: toward Ultra-high Vacuum

vacuum, cathode, storage-ring, photon

2396

T.Y. Lee, C.K. Chan, C.H. Chang, C.-C. Chang, S.W. Chang, Y.P. Chang, B.Y. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Z.W. Chen, C.M. Cheng, Y.T. Cheng, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, H.P. Hsueh, C.S. Huang, Y.T. Huang, L.H. Wu, Y.C. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In the Taiwan Photon Source project, the storage ring includes 24 sectors (each of length 14 m) of an aluminium vacuum chamber system. The design, manufacture, cleaning, welding and assembly of the vacuum components were undertaken by the NSRRC vacuum group. The ultimate objective is to attain a leak-tight, ultra-high vacuum and a vacuum system with a small rate of outgassing. In this work, we used a residual-gas analyzer (RGA) to analyze the variation of residual gas during proceeding toward ultra-high vacuum. This process, which led the pressure down to ~10^-11 torr, includes baking, operation of ion pumps, degassing of hot cathode gauges and activation of NEG pumps. When a sufficiently small low pressure is attained, the ion pumps are turned off to test the building up of pressure. The outgassing property and the variation of the residual gas of the aluminium chamber and the ion pumps can be measured.

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WEPRI034

Analysis of BCP Characteristics for SRF Cavities

niobium, experiment, SRF, cavity

2549

Y. Jung, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
H.H. Lee, H.C. Yang
KRICT, Daejoen, Republic of Korea

A chemical polishing process is well-known critical process for improving superconducting cavities such as a quality factor and an acceleration electric filed with additional temperature treatment. Especially, Buffered Chemical Polishing (BCP) has been widely used in SRF (Superconducting Radio Frequency) cavity processing. We performed BCP experiments with 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 of an etchant ratio (HF:HNO3:H3PO4). In fact, BCP experiments were carried out by using both undeformed (as-receoved) and deformed niobium samples. We will report baseline BCP results by analyzing surface states of niobium samples such as optical photographs, etch rates and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) depending on temperature and time.

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WEPRI106

Design of Cryomoudles for RAON

cryomodule, cavity, vacuum, linac

2746

Y. Kim, C. Choi, H.M. Jang, Y.W. Jo, H.J. Kim, W.K. Kim, M. Lee
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The accelerator will be built in Korea called RAON has four kinds of superconducting cavities such as QWR, HWR1, SSR1 and SSR2, and those cavities are operating in 2 K. The fabrication design for the SSR1 and SSR2 cryomodules are reported in this paper. The issues included in the paper are thermal and structural analysis results for the components such thermal shield, support post, two phase pipe, and so on.

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WEPRI108

Liquid Helium Technologies at Cryogenic Complex of the Heavy Ion Collider NICA

cryogenics, superconducting-magnet, collider, booster

2752

Iu.A. Mitrofanova, N.N. Agapov, N. Emelianov, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, D. Nikiforov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
R. Herzog, A. Kade, J. Klier
ILK Dresden, Dresden, Germany

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility), presently under construction at JINR, will be, upon its completion, among the most advanced research instruments of the physics community. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to uranium (gold at the beginning stage) with a centre of mass energy up to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 10²⁷ cm^-2 s⁻¹. The NICA cryogenics includes a large number of technical ideas and solutions never used before. The most significant of these solutions are the fast cycling superconducting magnets, cooling by the two-phase helium flow, an unusually short period of time for cool down till the operating temperature, parallel connection of cooling channels of the magnets, «wet» turbo expanders, screw compressors with the outlet pressure of more than 25 bars and jet pumps for liquid helium. These technical solutions allow one to construct an efficient and reliable cryogenic system of the NICA complex.

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THXB01

Accelerators for Medical Application: what is so special?

controls, cyclotron, proton, operation

2807

J.M. Schippers, M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The specific requirements of accelerators for radiation therapy will be discussed. The focus will be on accelerator and beam transport design, but also on operational and formal aspects. We will discuss the special requirements to reach a high reliability for patient treatments as well as an accurate delivery of the dose at the correct position in the patient using modern techniques like pencil beam scanning. The requirements of the beam are quite different from those in a nuclear physics laboratory, such as a special matching of the emittance of the accelerated beam, requirements on beam intensity and stability and prevention of activation. The way of operating a medical device requires not only operators, but also the possibility to have a safe machine operation by non accelerator specialists at different operating sites. Size, weight and price are important for a in a hospital based facility. This is encouraging the application of new developments in superconductivity and has stimulated novel accelerator types and beam sharing schemes. Since certification and legal aspects play an important role in a medical device, these topics will also be discussed.

Slides THXB01 [2.017 MB]

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THOAB01

Recent Progress and Future Plan of Heavy-ion Radiotherapy Facility, HIMAC

operation, synchrotron, heavy-ion, flattop

2812

K. Noda, T. Furukawa, Y. Hara, Y. Iwata, N. Kanematsu, K. Katagiri, A. Kitagawa, K. Mizushima, S. Mori, T. Murakami, M. Muramatsu, M. Nakao, A. Noda, S. Sato, T. Shirai, E. Takada, Y. Takei
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

The first clinical trial with a carbon-ion beam generated from HIMAC was conducted in June 1994. Based on more than ten years of experience with HIMAC, a pilot facility of a standard carbon-ion radiotherapy facility in Japan, was constructed at Gunma University. Owing to the successfully operation of the pilot facility, Saga-HIMAT and i-ROCK in Kanagawa have been progressed. In addition, NIRS has developed the new treatment research project for the further development of radiotherapy with, based on the pencil-beam 3D scanning for both the static and moving targets. This treatment procedure has been successfully carried out with a pencil-beam 3D scanning since May 2011. Owing to the development of NIRS 3D scanning, the i-ROCK project decided to employ the NIRS 3D scanning. As a future plan, further, NIRS has developed a superconducting rotating gantry, and we are going to just start a study of a superconducting accelerator for the ion radiotherapy. The recent progress and the future plan of HIMAC for the heavy-ion cancer radiotherapy will be reported.

Slides THOAB01 [10.523 MB]

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THPRO022

JINR Powerful Laser Driver Applied for FEL Photoinjector

laser, radiation, FEL, electron

2906

E. Syresin, N. Balalykin, M.A. Nozdrin, G. Shirkov, G.V. Trubnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
E. Gacheva, E. Khazanov, G. Luchinin, S. Mironov, A. Poteomkin, V. Zelenogorsky
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: The work is funded by the German Federal Ministry of education and Research, project 05K10CHE.
The JINR develops a project of superconducting linear accelerator complex, based on a superconducting linear accelerator, for applications in nanoindustry, mainly for extreme ultraviolet lithography at a wavelength of 13.5 nm using kW-scale Free Electron Laser (FEL) light source. The application of kW-scale FEL source permits realizing EUV lithography with 22 nm, 16 nm resolutions and beyond. JINR-IAP collaboration constructed powerful laser driver applied for photoinjector of FEL linear accelerator which can be used for EUV lithography. To provide FEL kW-scale EUV radiation the photoinjector laser driver should provide a high macropulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, a long macropulse time duration of 0.8 ms and 8000 pulses per macropulse. The laser driver operates at wavelength of 260-266 nm on forth harmonic in the mode locking on base of Nd ions or Yb ions The laser driver micropulse energy of 1.6 uJ should provide formation of electron beam in FEL photoinjector with the bunch charge about 1 nC.

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THPRO053

Ion Effects in the Cornell ERL High Intensity Photoinjector

resonance, radiation, simulation, electron

2989

S.J. Full, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

We present our first measurements of trapped ions in the Cornell energy recovery linac (ERL) photoinjector. During high intensity operation, ions become trapped inside of the electric potential generated by the electron beam and oscillate transversely with a characteristic frequency. At high beam currents, electron beam-ion interactions result in excessive radiation, primarily due to beam losses and bremsstrahlung. However, by shaking the beam at the trapped ion's oscillation frequency, we are able to drive a resonance that severely reduces or eliminates this radiation. This both confirms the viability of beam shaking as an ion mitigation strategy inside high intensity injectors, and allows us to measure the trapped ion oscillation frequencies indirectly. Experimental data for a beam energy of 5 MeV, a bunch repetition rate of 1.3 GHz, and beam currents up to 20 mA, as well as simulations to describe our data and the beam shaking principle are presented.

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THPRO097

Space-charge Neutralization of 750-keV H⁻ Beam at LANSCE

emittance, space-charge, beam-transport, simulation

3116

Y.K. Batygin, C. Pillai, L. Rybarcyk
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

The injector part of Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) includes 750-keV H⁻ beam transport located upstream of the Drift Tube Linac. Space charge effects play an important role in the beam transport therein. A series of experiments were performed to determine the level of beam space charge neutralization, and time required for neutralization. Measurements performed at different places along the structure indicate significant variation of neutralized space charge beam dynamics along the beamline. Results of measurements were compared with numerical simulations using macroparticle method and envelope equations to determine values of the effective beam current after neutralization, and effective beam emittance, required for beam tuning.

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THPRO103

A Control System for the FRANZ Accelerator

controls, ion-source, network, neutron

3134

S.M. Alzubaidi, O. Meusel, U. Ratzinger, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
H. Dinter
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The Frankfurt Neutron Source at the Stern- Gerlach Zentrum (FRANZ) is a multi-purpose facility for experiments related to accelerator development and nuclear astrophysics. A 200 mA proton beam will produce a neutron flux by use of the reaction 7Li(p, n)7Be. To study the reliability and performance of the accelerator an effective and powerful control system will be needed. A small ion source was used for the first performance test of the control system. The design of the control loop algorithm for the High Current proton source will be discussed. Physical data routinely taken by the control system are compared with manual measurements.

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THPME001

Commissioning and Operation of the MedAustron Injector: Results and Future Outlook

rfq, ion-source, DTL, emittance

3202

L.C. Penescu, M. Kronberger, T. Kulenkampff, F. Osmić, P. Urschütz
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
W. Pirkl
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The MedAustron facility is a synchrotron-driven hadron therapy and research center presently under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. In its final outline, the facility will provide H⁺ beams with kinetic energies ≤250MeV and C6+ beams of ≤400MeV/u for clinical applications, and for non-clinical applications H⁺ of up to 800MeV. First patient treatment is foreseen for the end of 2015. The (H3)+ and C4+ beams are generated at 8keV/u in continuous mode by three ECR ion sources and transported to the RFQ for acceleration to 400keV/u. An inter-tank section matches the beam to the entrance of an IH-mode DTL that accelerates the particles to 7MeV/u before they are stripped to, respectively, H⁺ and C6+, debunched and transported to the injection plane of the synchrotron. At a later stage of the project, beams of other species can be generated with similar optics. This contribution presents the results of the injector commissioning and operation. A comparison with the baseline optics and with the design error studies is given. In addition, an overview on the operational experience is given, with emphasis on the system reliability, stability and reproducibility.

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THPME004

Further R&D for a New Superconducting CW Heavy Ion Linac@GSI

cavity, linac, solenoid, heavy-ion

3211

W.A. Barth, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, V. Gettmann
HIM, Mainz, Germany
F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A low energy beam line (1.4 MeV/u) behind the GSI High Charge State Injecor will provide cw-heavy ion beams with high beam intensity. It is foreseen to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac for post acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. In preparation an advanced R&D program is defined: The first linac section (financed by HIM and partly by HGF-ARD-initiative) comprising a sc CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids will be tested in 2014/15 as a demonstrator. After successful testing the construction of an advanced cryomodule comprising four rf cavities is foreseen. As an intermediate step towards an entire cw-linac the use of a double of two CH-cavities is planned: Ashort 5 cell cavity should be mounted directly behind the demonstrator cavity inside a short cryostat. The design of the cw linac based on shorter sc CH-cavities would minimize the overall technical risk and costs. Besides with this cavity an optimized operation of the whole linac especially with respect to beam quality could be achieved. Last but not least the concept of continuous energy variation applying phase variation between the two cavities with constant beta profile could be tested.

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THPME005

Optimization of an IH-cavity based High Energy Heavy-ion Linac at GSI

linac, emittance, cavity, brilliance

3214

A. Orzhekhovskaya, G. Clemente, L. Groening, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A new high energy heavy-ion injector (HE-Linac) for the FAIR project was proposed as replacement for the existing post-stripper linac at the GSI UNILAC. Six 10⁸ MHz IH-type drift-tube linac cavities within a total length of about 24 m accelerate the ions (up to U²⁸⁺) from 1.4 MeV/u up to 11.4 MeV/u. Fast pulsed quadrupole triplet lenses are used for transverse focusing in between the IH cavities. The optimization of the HE linac with respect to the emittance growth reduction is investigated.

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THPME006

Straight Injection of an intense Uranium Beam into the GSI High Current RFQ

rfq, emittance, ion-source, quadrupole

3217

H. Vormann, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, L.A. Dahl, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, R. Hollinger, M.T. Maier, S. Mickat, A. Orzhekhovskaya, C. Xiao, S.G. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A dedicated high current uranium ion source and LEBT will be built at the GSI High Current Injector (HSI), to fulfil the intensity requirements for FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research at Darmstadt). This new injection line will be integrated into the existing complex which already comprises two branches. The new LEBT is designed as a straight injection line without dipole magnet, i.e. without dispersive charge state separation. All uranium charge states, coming from the ion source, are transported to the heavy ion high current GSI-HSI-RFQ. Only the design charge state U⁴⁺ is accelerated to the final RFQ energy. The new LEBT design is based on beam emittance and current measurements behind the existing ion source. Beam dynamics simulations have been performed with the codes TRACE-3D (envelopes), DYNAMION, BEAMPATH and TRACK (multiparticle). The recent layout of the LEBT, as well as the results of beam dynamics studies are presented.

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THPME007

A Virtual Charge State Separator as an Advanced Tool Coupling Measurements and Simulations

emittance, simulation, quadrupole, ion-source

3220

S.G. Yaramyshev, A. Adonin, W.A. Barth, L.A. Dahl, P. Gerhard, L. Groening, R. Hollinger, M.T. Maier, S. Mickat, A. Orzhekhovskaya, H. Vormann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A new Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) for multi-charge uranium beam will be built at GSI High Current Injector. All uranium charge states coming from the new ion source will be injected into GSI heavy ion high current HSI-RFQ, but only design ions U⁴⁺ will be accelerated to the final RFQ energy. A detailed knowledge about injected beam- current and -emittance for pure design U⁴⁺ ions is necessary for a proper beam line design commissioning and operation, while the measurements are possible only for a full beam including all charge states. Detailed measurements of beam current and emittance are performed behind the first quadrupole triplet at the beam line. A dedicated algorithm, based on combination of measurements and results of an advanced beam dynamics simulations, provides for an extraction of beam- current and -emittance for only U⁴⁺ component of a beam. The obtained results and final beam dynamics design for the new straight beam line are presented.

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THPME015

Experimental Performance of an E×B Chopper System

flattop, rfq, proton, dipole

3244

C. Wiesner, H. Dinter, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, T. Nowottnick, O. Payir, U. Ratzinger, P.P. Schneider
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Beam operation of an E×B chopper system has started in the Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ*. The chopper is designed for low-energy high-perveance beams and high repetition rates. It combines a static magnetic deflection field with a pulsed electric compensation field in a Wien filter-type E×B configuration**. Helium ions with 14 keV energy were successfully chopped at the required repetition rate of 257 kHz. The maximum chopped beam intensity of 3.5 mA, limited by the given test ion source, corresponds to a generalized perveance of 2.7·10^-3. For the design species and energy, 120 keV protons, this is equivalent to a beam current of 174 mA. Beam pulses with rise times of 120 ns, flat top lengths of 85 ns to 120 ns and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) between 295 ns and 370 ns were experimentally achieved.
* U. Ratzinger et al., Proc. of IPAC2011, San Sebastián, Spain, WEPS040.
** C. Wiesner et al. Proc. of IPAC2012, New Orleans, LA., USA, THPPP074.

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THPME025

Low Power Test of a Hybrid Single Cavity Linac

rfq, linac, cavity, injection

3274

L. Lu, Y. He, Q. Jin, C.X. Li, G. Pan, A. Shi, L.B. Shi, L.T. Sun, L.P. Sun, Z.L. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, H. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
T. Hattori
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
N. Hayashizaki
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan

We fabricated and assembled a hybrid single cavity (HSC) linac which is formed by combining a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) structure and a drift tube (DT) structure into one interdigital-H (IH) cavity. ]. The HSC linac was designed as an injector for a cancer facility and was able to be used as a neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy. The injection method of the HSC linac used a direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS), which is considered to be the only method for accelerating a high current heavy ion beam produced by a laser ion source. The input beam current was designed to be 20 mA, which could be produced by a laser ion source. According to the simulations and calculations, the HSC linac could accelerate a 6-mA C⁶⁺, beam which satisfies the particle number criteria for cancer therapy use (10⁸~9 ions/pulse). Details of the measurements and evaluations of the assembled HSC linac, and details of a DPIS test using a laser ion source are reported in this paper.

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THPME026

The R&D Status of SSC-LINAC

rfq, linac, ion-source, ECR

3277

X. Yin, H. Du, Y. He, P. Jiang, X.N. Li, L.Z. Ma, J. Meng, L.T. Sun, H. Wang, J.W. Xia, Z. Xu, Y.Q. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Y.J. Yuan, X.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, Z.Z. Zhou
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
J.E. Chen, S.L. Gao, G. Liu, Y.R. Lu, X.Q. Yan, K. Zhu
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A powerful heavy ion injector SSC-linac is under constructing at IMP in Lanzhou. The continuous wave (CW) 4-rod RFQ operating at 53.667 MHz has been developed as the low beam energy injector linac. The 40Ar⁸⁺ ion beam extracted from the ECR ion source was used for the RFQ commissioning. The particle energy 142.8 keV/u and the 198 euA beam current were measured at the exit of RFQ with the 94% transmission. In this paper, the recent R&D progress of the SSC-LINAC including the development of key components and the beam commissioning results are presented.

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THPME029

Upgrade of Heavy Ion Injector for ITEP-TWAC Facility

acceleration, simulation, heavy-ion, focusing

3283

V. Andreev, N.N. Alexeev, A.I. Balabin, M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
A.A. Metreveli
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

A new scheme of heavy ion injector I-3 designed for improvement of accelerated beam parameters has been proposed for ITEP-TWAC Facility. It is based on the usage of two quarter-wave double gap resonators operated on 5 MHz with accelerating voltage of 3 MV per gap. Existing 2.5 MHz double gap resonator will be retuned for operational frequency of 5 MHz and new additional one will be built. The new injector optimized for acceleration of heavy ions with A/Z in the range of 3-10 will allow accelerating any ions from C to U with beam current up to10 mA. Results of both electrodynamics and beam dynamics simulations of the accelerating structures are presented.

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THPME033

Particle Tracking Studies for the LINCE SC Linac

cryomodule, solenoid, linac, lattice

3295

C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
A. Falone
TTI, Santander, Spain
C. Gómez
IDOM, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
LINCE facility makes use of a low-energy ion linac consisting of quarter-wave resonators designed for β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15 (72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz), and shielded solenoid magnets distributed along four different cryomodules. Particle tracking studies have been performed along the linac using realistic electric and magnetic field maps with and without space charge effects to prove a final energy of 8.5 and 45 MeV/u respectively for uranium ions and protons.

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THPME036

ECOS-LINCE: A High Intensity Multi-ion Superconducting Linac for Nuclear Structure and Reactions

heavy-ion, linac, ECR, rfq

3301

I. Martel, L. Acosta, R. Carrasco Dominguez, J.A. Dueñas, A.K. Orduz, A. Peregrin, J. Prieto-Thomas, J. Sanchez-Segovia, A.C.C. Villari
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
F. Azaiez
IPN, Orsay, France
G. De Angelis
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
M. Lewitowicz
GANIL, Caen, France
A. Maj
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
P.N. Ostroumov
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
A.C.C. Villari
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
During the past ten years, ECOS working group and users strongly supported the construction of a dedicated high-intensity stable-ion-beam facility in Europe, with energies at and above the Coulomb barrier as part of the Long-Range Plan of the Nuclear-Physics community. LINCE will be a multi-user facility dedicated to ECOS science: fundamental physics, astrophysics, nuclear structure and reaction dynamics. Applied research is foreseen in the fields of medical physics, aerospace and material sciences with energetic heavy ions. The facility will produce a wide range of ions, from protons (45 MeV) up to Uranium (8.5 MeV/u) with 1mA maximum beam intensity. A very compact linac has been designed by using a HV platform with a double-frequency ECR ion source, multi-harmonic buncher, an innovative CW RFQ design (1 ≤A/Q ≤ 7) and 26 accelerating cavities made of bulk niobium (β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15) working at 72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz. This article gives an outline of the accelerator complex from the ion source to the experimental areas, and presents its research potential and the relevant physics instrumentation.

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THPME048

Status and Plans for Linac4 Installation and Commissioning

linac, rfq, ion-source, emittance

3332

M. Vretenar, A. Akroh, L. Arnaudon, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, J.C. Broere, O. Brunner, J.F. Comblin, J. Coupard, V.A. Dimov, J.-F. Fuchs, A. Funken, F. Gerigk, E. Granemann Souza, K. Hanke, J. Hansen, I. Kozsar, J.-B. Lallement, L. Lenardon, J. Lettry, A.M. Lombardi, C. Maglioni, O. Midttun, B. Mikulec, D. Nisbet, M.M. Paoluzzi, U. Raich, S. Ramberger, F. Roncarolo, C. Rossi, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, R. Scrivens, J. Tan, C.A. Valerio, J. Vollaire, R. Wegner, S. Weisz, M. Yarmohammadi Satri, F. Zocca
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Linac4 is a normal conducting 160 MeV H⁻ linear accelerator presently being installed and progressively commissioned at CERN. It will replace the ageing 50 MeV Linac2 as injector of the PS Booster (PSB), increasing at the same time its brightness by a factor of two thanks to the higher injection energy. This will be the first step of a program to increase the beam intensity in the LHC injectors for the needs of the High-Luminosity LHC project. After a series of beam measurements on a dedicated test stand the 3 MeV Linac4 front-end, including ion source, RFQ and a beam chopping line, has been recommissioned at its final position in the Linac4 tunnel. Commissioning of the following section, the Drift Tube Linac, is starting. Beam commissioning will take place in steps of increasing energy, to reach the final 160 MeV in 2015. An extended beam measurement phase including testing of stripping equipment for the PSB and a year-long test run to assess and improve Linac4 reliability will take place in 2016, prior to the connection of Linac4 to the PSB that will take place during the next long LHC shut-down.

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THPME049

TAC Proton Accelerator Facility: Normal Conducting Part

proton, ion-source, DTL, linac

3335

E. Algin
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
B. Akkus, L. Sahin
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
H. Cetinkaya
Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kutahya, Turkey

The Turkish Accelerator Center Proton Accelerator Facility (TAC PAF) based on a 1 MW, 2 GeV proton linac will include both normal conducting and superconducting accelerator structures. The project is currently in the technical design phase. The normal conducting part of the TAC PAF will consist of an ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a radio frequency quadrupole, a medium energy beam transport line, and two drift tube linac structures in order to accelerate the beam up to 65 MeV. Acceleration from 65 MeV up to 150 MeV and then 2 GeV energy will be provided by a SC-spoke cavity and two SC-elliptical cavities, respectively. In the long term, TAC PAF will be used as a neutron source. The accelerator structures, their design, and possible experimental stations of TAC PAF project will be presented.

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THPME050

SPP Beamline Design and Beam Dynamics

ion-source, rfq, plasma, solenoid

3338

G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
A. Alacakir
SNRTC, Ankara, Turkey
M. Celik, Z. Sali
Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
Ö. Mete
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA
V. Yildiz
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of SNRTC Project Prometheus (SPP) will be a demonstration and educational machine which will accelerate protons from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV. The project is funded by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) and it will be located at Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training Center (SNRTC) in Ankara. The SPP beamline consists of a multi-cusp H⁺ ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line and a four-vane RFQ operating at 352.2 MHz. The design studies for the multi-cusp ion source (RF or DC) were performed with IBSimu and SIMION software packages. The source has already been produced and currently undergoes extensive testing. There is also a preliminary design for the solenoid based LEBT, POISSON and PATH were used in parallel for the preliminary design. Two solenoid magnets are produced following this design. The RFQ design was made using LIDOS. RFQ.Designer and it was crosschecked with a home-grown software package, DEMIRCI. The initial beam dynamics studies have been performed with both LIDOS and TOUTATIS. This paper discusses the design of the SPP beamline focusing on the RFQ beam dynamics.

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THPME052

Measurement of the Longitudinal Acceptance of the ReA RFQ

rfq, simulation, linac, injection

3346

D.M. Alt, S.W. Krause, A. Lapierre, D. Leitner, S. Nash, R. Rencsok, J.A. Rodriguez, M.J. Syphers, W. Wittmer
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The ReA reaccelerator facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) will provide a unique capability to study reactions with low-energy beams of rare isotopes. A beam from the coupled cyclotron facility is stopped in a gas stopping system, charge bred in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), and then reaccelerated in a compact superconducting LINAC. The beam is injected into the LINAC by a room-temperature Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) combined with an external Multiharmonic Buncher. (MHB) In preparation for future upgrades to the capabilities of the ReA, an accurate determination of the longitudinal acceptance of the RFQ was conducted using a stable ion beam from a test source. This paper presents the results of the acceptance measurement, including empirical confirmation of a predicted asymmetry in the shape of the acceptance window.

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THPME058

Risk Analysis and Machine Protection of SIS100

synchrotron, extraction, proton, septum

3364

C. Omet, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To ensure safe functionality and reduce unneccessary shutdowns, a risk analysis of the main driver accelerator for the FAIR project SIS100, has been done. The analysis includes all major technical systems and was done accordingly to EN 61508. Results of the analysis and appropriate countermeasures for detection and/or mitigation of the failures are presented. Furthermore, an estimation of the accelerator‘s availability is given.

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THPME067

Air Stripper for Intense Heavy Ion Beams

target, cyclotron, heavy-ion, acceleration

3388

H. Imao
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Kuboki, H. Okuno, Y. Yano
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Intensity upgrade of very heavy ions such as uranium or xenon beams is one of the main concerns at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). The lifetime problem of carbon-foil strippers due to the high energy loss of beams was a principal bottleneck for the intensity upgrade. We have already developed and successfully operated a re-circulating He-gas stripper for 10-MeV/u uranium beams as an alternative to carbon foils. Recently, the 2nd gas stripper with air dedicated for 50-MeV/u ¹²⁴Xe beams was developed. The differential pumping techniques similar to that used in the He gas stripper was applied. We confined a very thick gas target, up to 20~mg/cm² of air, in a 0.5-m target chamber. One good feature of using air is that it can be inexhaustible for our use. The stripper was stably operated in user runs performed in June 2013. The service rate reached 91\%. The maximum beam intensity reached 38~pnA and the average intensity provided to users becomes approximately four times higher than it was in 2012. The down-time free gas strippers greatly contributed to these improvements. We also discuss the applicability of the air stripper to 50-MeV/u ²³⁸U beams.

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THPME070

Status of the LIU Project at CERN

linac, injection, luminosity, extraction

3397

K. Hanke, H. Damerau, A. Deleu, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN has put in place an ambitious improvement programme to make the injector chain of the LHC capable of supplying the high intensity and high brightness beams requested by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project comprises a new Linac (Linac4) as well as major upgrades and renovations of the PSB, PS and SPS synchrotrons. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding Linac3 and LEIR to the list of accelerators concerned. This paper reports on the work completed during the first long LHC shutdown, and outlines the further upgrade path.

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THPME073

Performance of the Low Energy Beam Transport at the RAL Front End Test Stand

solenoid, rfq, emittance, ion-source

3406

J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators, including proton drivers for pulsed neutron spallation sources and neutrino factories. A Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), consisting of three solenoids and four drift sections, is used to transport the H⁻ beam from the ion source to the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). We present the current performance of the LEBT with regards to beam alignment, transmission and focusing into the acceptance of the RFQ.

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THPME101

Considerations for a Cavity-Based Position-Sensitive Heavy Ion Detector for the CR at FAIR

cavity, impedance, heavy-ion, simulation

3477

X. Chen, P. Hülsmann, Yu.A. Litvinov, F. Nolden, M.S. Sanjari, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
X. Chen
Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Yu.A. Litvinov
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
J. Piotrowski
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
T. Stöhlker
HIJ, Jena, Germany

Funding: Work funded by the European Commission (PITN-GA-2011-289485), the Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association (HA216/EMMI), the Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Group (HCJRG-108), the BMBF (05E12CD2).
The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a complex yet ongoing project which will allow for a broad range of experimental physics programs as well as a variety of material and medical applications. Being a heavy ion storage ring at FAIR, the Collector Ring (CR) is perfectly suitable for scientific investigations on fundamental properties – such as masses and lifetimes – of short-lived radioactive nuclei when it operates in isochronous mode. To fulfill stringent experimental requirements, a compatible heavy ion detector sensitive to beam intensities and positions is highly demanded. In this paper we present a conceptual design of cavity-based Schottky noise pickup to achieve non-destructive detections of stored particles. Computer-aided simulations follow immediately to justify the feasibility of such a design.

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THPME102

Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR

extraction, proton, detector, target

3480

P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ.
The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.

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THPME103

Beam Current Monitors for FAIR

synchrotron, operation, proton, cryogenics

3483

M. Schwickert, H. Bräuning, F. Kurian, H. Reeg, A. Reiter
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
R. Geithner, W. Vodel
HIJ, Jena, Germany
R. Neubert
FSU Jena, Jena, Germany

The FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) accelerator facility presently under construction at GSI will supply a wide range of beam intensities for physics experiments. Design beam intensities range from 2.5·10¹³ protons/cycle to be delivered to the pBar-target and separator for production of antiprotons, to beams of e.g. 10⁹ ions/s in the case of slowly extracted beams. The large intensity range demands for dedicated beam current monitors for precise, non-destructive beam intensity measurements in the synchrotrons, transport lines and storage rings of the FAIR facility. This report describes GSI developments of purpose-built beam current monitors for the SIS100 synchrotron and high-energy beam transport lines (HEBT) of FAIR. Prototype measurements with a SQUID-based Cryogenic Current Comparator and a resonant beam charge transformer are presented, and possibilities for further upgrades are discussed.

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THPME120

An Intensity Measurement Method based on Inorganic Scintillators and Optoelectronic Sensors

proton, heavy-ion, experiment, beam-transport

3518

A. Kechler, E. Feldmeier, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, C. Schömers
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT) is a heavy ion accelerator facility located at the Heidelberg university hospital and intended for cancer treatment with heavy ions and protons. Currently ionization chambers with highly sensitive charge amplifiers are regularly used for intensity measurements of the high-energy ion beams. A new intensity measuring method will be presented based on the combination of fluorescent light from inorganic scintillators and an optoelectronic sensor with adjacent electronics as an alternative to the ionization chambers. A special measurement set-up with a large-area Si PIN-diode and adapted optics was investigated with respect to signal dynamics, resolution and linearity. The experimental results with proton and carbon beams will be presented in detail. Worth mentioning is a variation in sensitivity relating to the position of the beam spot, which could be reduced to some percent only.

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THPME121

The Status of the Diagnostic System at the Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR

pick-up, storage-ring, diagnostics, injection

3521

M. Grieser, A. Becker, K. Blaum, S. George, C. Krantz, S. Vogel, A. Wolf, R. von Hahn
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany

The cryogenic storage ring (CSR) at MPI für Kernphysik is an electrostatic storage ring for low velocity phase space cooled ion beams. Among other experiments cooling and storage of molecular ions in their rotational ground state is projected. The stored beam current will be in the range of 1 nA - 1 μA. The resulting low signal strengths on the beam position pickups, current monitors and Schottky monitor put strong demands on these diagnostics tools. Methods and systems were developed to measure the profile of the ion beam. In the paper a summary of the CSR diagnostics tools and diagnosis of the first stored ion beam will be given.

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THPME122

A SQUID-based Beam Current Monitor for FAIR

pick-up, cryogenics, electronics, niobium

3524

R. Geithner, T. Stöhlker, W. Vodel
HIJ, Jena, Germany
R. Geithner, R. Neubert, P. Seidel
FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
F. Kurian, H. Reeg, M. Schwickert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T. Stöhlker
IOQ, Jena, Germany

A Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) was developed for the upcoming FAIR-Project, providing a non-destructive online monitoring of the beam current in the nA-range. The CCC was optimized for a lowest possible noise-limited current resolution together with a high system bandwidth. Therefore, the low temperature properties of ferromagnetic core materials used in the pick-up coil were investigated and different SQUID-systems were tested. In this contribution we present results of the completed Cryogenic Current Comparator for FAIR working in a laboratory environment, regarding the improvements in resolution and bandwidth due to the use of suitable ferromagnetic core materials and optimized SQUID-system components.

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THPME134

Experimental Results of a Gas Jet Based Beam Profile Monitor

electron, vacuum, alignment, storage-ring

3559

V. Tzoganis
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Jeff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 215080, HGF and GSI under contract number VH-NG-328, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant Mo.ST/G008248/1, and a RIKEN-Liverpool studentship.
A novel, least invasive beam profile monitor based on a supersonic gas jet has been developed by the QUASAR Group at the Cockcroft Institute, UK. It allows the measurement of beam profiles for various particle beams across a range of energies and vacuum levels to be made. A finely collimated neutral gas jet, produced by a nozzle and several skimmers, is injected into a vacuum chamber perpendicular to the main particle beam. Ionization by the primary beam produces ions which are extracted from the interaction region and directed towards an imaging detector. This contribution presents the design of the monitor and first experimental results obtained with a low energy electron beam. It also discusses solutions of previous alignment problems and challenges in the realization of a versatile control and data acquisition system

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THPME135

Simulations of the Ion Spatial Distribution in a Gas-Curtain Based Beam Profile Monitor

extraction, simulation, electron, antiproton

3563

B.B.D. Lomberg, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Jeff, B.B.D. Lomberg, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Jeff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Tzoganis
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 215080 and 289485, HGF and GSI under contract VH-HG-328, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1, and a RIKEN-Liverpool studentship.
A gas-jet monitor has been developed and commissioned by the QUASAR Group at the Cockcroft Institute, UK. It is designed to measure the transverse profile of a beam by crossing it with a neutral supersonic gas-jet. An array of high voltage electrodes is used to extract ions from the region where the beam and gas-jet interact. These ions first hit a micro-channel plate (MCP) and are then imaged through a phosphor screen and a CCD camera. It is important to understand and characterise the measured ion distribution in order to extract the beam profile. Therefore, numerical investigations using the commercial COMSOL and OPERA codes were carried out benchmarking profile measurements obtained from a low energy electron beam. This paper presents results from these studies. It compares measurements based on the interaction of the primary beam with the residual gas or the ultra-cold gas curtain, and discusses the comparisons of simulated profiles and extraction field configurations on the measured profile.

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THPME136

Beam Energy and Longitudinal Beam Profile Measurement System at RIBF

LabView, controls, heavy-ion, Windows

3566

T. Watanabe, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Imao, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Monitors that use plastic scintillator (scintillation monitors) were fabricated to measure the energy and longitudinal profiles of heavy-ion beams at the RIKEN RI beam factory (RIBF).Six pairs of scintillation monitors (12 monitors) installed in the transport lines were used to measure the particle time-of-flight (TOF) to determine the acceleration energy of the heavy-ion beams. In addition, five scintillation monitors were installed to optimize the phase between the rebuncher cavities and the beam for the beam injection to the cyclotrons. Longitudinal beam profiles were obtained by using a time-to-digital converter (TDC), which digitizes the detected signals from the scintillator and the RF clock. The energy of the beam can be calculated from the measured TOF of the beam by using a scintillation monitor pair. Recently, to help users operate the system more easily, a new embedded processor with a higher-performance CPU was introduced, and LabVIEW programs were newly written or greatly improved. Development of the scintillation monitor system and results of experimental measurements of heavy-ion beams are reported.

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THPME137

Preliminary Study of Non-invasive Beam Profile Measurements for Proton Beams

electron, proton, gun, detector

3569

H. He, J.S. Cao, Q.Y. Deng, J.H. Junhui, Y.F. Sui, J. Yue, Y. Zhao
IHEP, People's Republic of China
J. Chen
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Funding: This work was supported by NSFC under grant NO.11305186 and No.11205172
Two non-invasive beam profile measurement methods were developed for China high intensity proton beams projects, including CSNS and ADS. The first consists in an IPM (ionization beam profile monitor) system which detect the ionized products from a collision of the beam particle with residual gas atoms or molecules present in the vacuum pipe. The second is an electron beam scanner which using a low energy electron beam instead of a metal wire to sweep through the beam. The deflection of electron beam by the collective field of the high intensity beam is measured. The charge density in the high intensity beam can be restored under certain conditions or estimated by various mathematical techniques. Here we present the design parameters of the IPM system, the signal intensity of ionization products, optimization of the electric field, machine designs of electrode, tracking of the ionization products and so on. The principle of the electron beam scanner and the test results which is based on a commercial electron gun from Kimball Physics are also introduced in details.

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THPME148

Beam Dynamics Issues for a Superconducting Linear Accelerator-based High Power Heavy Ion Machine

linac, emittance, cavity, proton

3602

J.G. Hwang, E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
H. Jang, D. Jeon, H.J. Kim, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The driver linac of RAON heavy ion accelerator based on the superconducting technology, which consists of a 28 GHz ECR ion source, a low energy beam transport line, a RFQ accelerator, a medium energy beam transport line, a low energy linac(SCL1), a charge stripping section and a high energy linac(SCL2), will produce the stable ion beam from proton with 600 MeV to uranium with 200 MeV/u. Many beam dynamics issues such as beam steering effect due to QWR cavities with the peak electric field of 35 MV/m, emittance growth in charge stripper due to the straggling effect, parametric resonance and envelope instability were verified to design the high power heavy ion machine which can produce the high quality beam. In this presentation, we explain our study results for achieving longitudinal acceptance larger than 27 keV/u-ns for the stable operation and minimizing the emittance growth less than 30 % in the superconducting linac for high quality beam at the in-flight target.

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THPME149

Beam Dynamics Issues in the Post Accelerator for the Rare Isotope Ion Beams from ISOL System in RISP

linac, emittance, ISOL, simulation

3605

J.G. Hwang, S.W. Jang, E.-S. Kim
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
B.H. Choi, D. Jeon, H.J. Kim, H.J. Kim, I. Shin
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
L. Lee
KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea

The accelerator for RISP, which is the superconducting technology based heavy ion linear accelerator construction project, is composed mainly of the driver linac for stable ion beam from an ECR ion source and post linac for unstable ion from an ISOL system. The post accelerator can accelerate the unstable ion beams up to 16.5 MeV/u for 132Sn and 16.0 MeV/u for 58Ni, which has the ratio of mass to charge, A/q, of 8.3. The unstable ion beam such as 132Sn from an ISOL system has the large transverse and longitudinal emittances. Hence acceptance and envelope of the post accelerator should optimize for stable operation. The beam was transported by the post-to-driver transport (P2DT) line which consists of a charge stripper, two charge selection sections and a telescope section with the bunching cavities. In this presentation, we will show the criteria for the design of the post accelerator and result of beam tracking simulation from the low energy transport line to the end of post linac. The initial coordinates of the particles were acquired by the tracking simulation from the low energy beam transport (LEBT) line to the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) line.

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THPME191

Simulation Results of the FETS Laserwire Emittance Scanner

laser, detector, emittance, simulation

3729

K.O. Kruchinin, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, P. Karataev
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) has been developed to demonstrate a high current (60 mA) H⁻ beam with the energy of 3 MeV that will be required for future proton drivers. At such high power beam machine a non-invasive diagnostics is required. To measure the emittance of the ion beam a laserwire scanner is being developed. A high power laser will scan across the H⁻ ion beam. The H⁻ particles will be neutralized via a photo-detachment process producing a stream of fast neutral hydrogen atoms bearing information about the phase space distribution of the initial H⁻ beam. To design an effective detection system and optimize its parameters a simulation of the processes at the interaction point is required. We present recent simulation results of theц FETS laserwire system. Simulations were performed using measured data of the laser propagation and ion beam distribution, obtained with General Particle Tracer code.

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THPME195

Nondestructive Beam Current Monitor for the 88-inch Cyclotron

cyclotron, ion-source, operation, heavy-ion

3738

M. Kireeff Covo
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
A fast current transformer is mounted in the staging line of the Berkeley 88-inch isochronous cyclotron. The measured signal is amplified and connected to the input of a lock-in amplifier. The lock-in amplifier detects the signal vector from the input signal at the RF reference frequency of the cyclotron second harmonic. The magnitude of the signal detected is calibrated against a Faraday cup and shows the beam current leaving the cyclotron.

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THPRI016

Pulse Based Data Archive System and Analysis for Current and Beam Loss Monitors in the J-PARC RCS

linac, vacuum, injection, ion-source

3800

N. Hayashi, S. Hatakeyama, K. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The data archive system in the J-PARC 25-Hz Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) records the beam intensity and the beam loss monitor (BLM) pattern for all pulses. The system is based on the common memory and utilizes the timing system of the J-PARC. Although its time resolution is limited, it is useful to detect rare events or phenomena appearing with only higher accelerator repetition. Using these data, the stability of the beam intensity, particularly ion source can be examined. The relation between BLM patterns and its causes can be studied pulse-by-pulse basis and it would make use of future improvements.

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THPRI020

Availability Studies for Linac4 and Machine Protection Requirements for Linac4 Commissioning

linac, operation, target, hardware

3807

A. Apollonio, S. Gabourin, C. Martin, B. Mikulec, B. Puccio, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Linac4 is one of the key elements in the upgrade program of the LHC injector complex at CERN, assuring beams with higher bunch intensities and smaller emittance for the LHC and many other physics experiments on the CERN site. Due to the demand of continuous operation, the expected availability of Linac4 needs to be carefully studied already during its design phase. In this paper an overview of the relevant systems impacting on Linac4 machine availability is given: the various system failure modes are outlined as well as their impact on the total yearly machine downtime. Machine Protection Systems (MPS) play a significant role in reducing the risk associated to each failure mode and are therefore important for reaching the target availability. The Linac4 MPS requirements, with particular focus on the different commissioning phases, are discussed.

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THPRI046

Air-cooled Magnetic Alloy Cavity for J-PARC Doubled Rep.-rate Scenario

cavity, impedance, injection, acceleration

3869

C. Ohmori, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, K. Takata, M. Toda, M. Yoshii
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

The upgrade project of the J-PARC MR (Main Ring) is in progress to deliver the beam power of 750 kW based on doubled repetition-rate scenario. The present RF section will be occupied by 9 sets of new magnetic alloy, FT3L, cavity using the direct water cooling scheme. The direct water cooling requires dedicated high-quality cooling water. These cavities will be used for the fundamental RF for acceleration. The second harmonic RF is necessary to increase the bunch length. This allows to enlarge the beam current, and to relax the space charge effects during the injection. Thanks to the high impedance FT3L, the power loss in the second harmonic RF system becomes moderate. The air cooled cavity is designed to fit in any space in the MR where the dedicated water is not available. This paper reports the design of the second RF system, technical issues to produce the magnetic alloy cores to fit the air cooling, and construction of the system.

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THPRI064

Plasma Chemistry in a High Pressure Gas Filled RF Test Cell for use in a Muon Cooling Channel

electron, plasma, experiment, cavity

3917

B.T. Freemire, Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
M. Chung, M.R. Jana, M.A. Leonova, A. Moretti, T.A. Schwarz, A.V. Tollestrup, Y. Torun, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.P. Johnson
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA

Filling an RF cavity with a high pressure gas prevents breakdown when the cavity is placed in a multi-Tesla external magnetic field. A beam of particles traversing the cavity, be it muons or protons, ionizes the gas, creating an electron-ion plasma which absorbs energy from the cavity. In order to understand the nature of this plasma loading, a variety of gas species, gas pressures, dopants, and cavity electric fields were investigated. Plasma induced energy loss, electron-ion recombination rates, ion-ion recombination rates, and electron attachment times were measured. The results for hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and nitrogen, doped with dry air will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI064

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THPRI081

A Transverse Electron Target for Heavy Ion Storage Rings

electron, target, quadrupole, ion-source

3958

S. Geyer, O.K. Kester, O. Meusel
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
O.K. Kester
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

A transverse electron target already constructed is under investigation for the application in storage rings at the FAIR facility. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in a crossed beam geometry promises a high energy resolution and gives access to the interaction region for spectroscopy. The produced electron beam has a length of 10 cm in ion beam direction and a width of 5 mm in the interaction region with electron densities of up to 10⁹ electrons/cm³. The target allows the adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10 eV and a few keV. Simulations have been performed regarding the energy resolution for electron-ion collisions. Also the ion optical behaviour of the target was investigated numerically. The target is integrated in a test bench to study the performance of the electron gun and the electron beam optics. The installed volume ion source delivers light ions and molecules for characterization of the target performance by measuring charge changing processes. Subsequently the target will be installed temporarily at the Frankfurt Low-Energy Storage Ring (FLSR) for further test measurements. An overview of the project status will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI081

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FRXAA01

Beam Dynamics Studies with Non-neutral Plasma Traps

plasma, experiment, resonance, focusing

4052

H. Okamoto, K. Fukushima, H. Higaki, K. Ito, K. Moriya, T. Okano, K. Osaki
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Both Paul ion traps and Penning traps have been employed at Hiroshima University to explore fundamental aspects of space-charge dominated beam dynamics. These compact accelerator-free experiments are based on an isomorphism between non-neutral plasmas in a trap and charged-particle beams traveling in a periodic focusing channel. This talk highlights the recent experimental results on coherent betatron resonances in various strong-focusing lattices, resonance crossing in non-scaling FFAG accelerators, ultra-low emittance beam stability, and halo formation.

Slides FRXAA01 [5.557 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-FRXAA01

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