IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (detector)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPRO005	Progress on the Interaction Region Design and Detector Integration at JLab’s MEIC	electron, ion, collider, focusing	71
	V.S. Morozov, P.D. Brindza, A. Camsonne, Y.S. Derbenev, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, F. Lin, P. Nadel-Turonski, M. Ungaro, Y. Zhang, Z.W. Zhao JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA C. Hyde, K. Park Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA M.K. Sullivan SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA Z.W. Zhao UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. One of the unique features of JLab's Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) is a full-acceptance detector with a dedicated, small-angle, high-resolution detection system, capable of covering a wide range of momenta (and charge-to-mass ratios) with respect to the original ion beam to enable access to new physics. We present an interaction region design developed with close integration of the detection and beam dynamical aspects. The dynamical aspect of the design rests on a symmetry-based concept for compensation of non-linear effects. The optics and geometry have been optimized to accommodate the detection requirements and to ensure the interaction region's modularity for ease of integration into the collider ring lattices. As a result, the design offers an excellent detector performance combined with the necessary provisions for non-linear dynamical optimization.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO005
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MOPRO020	FLUKA Simulation of Particle Fluences to ALICE due to LHC Injection Kicker Failures	injection, simulation, kicker, high-voltage	109
	N.V. Shetty, C. Bracco, A. Di Mauro, A. Lechner, E. Leogrande, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The counter-rotating beams of the LHC are injected in insertion regions which also accommodate the ALICE and LHCb experiments. An assembly of beam absorbers ensures the protection of machine elements in case of injection kicker failures, which can affect either the injected or the stored beam. In the first years of LHC operation, secondary particle showers due to beam impact on the injection beam stopper caused damage to the MOS injectors of the ALICE silicon drift detector as well as high-voltage trips in other ALICE subdetectors. In this study, we present FLUKA simulations of particle fluences to the ALICE cavern for injection failures encountered during operation. Two different cases are reported, one where the miskicked beam is fully intercepted and one where the beam grazes the beam stopper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO020
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MOPRO045	Beam Delivery Simulation: BDSIM - Development & Optimisation	simulation, lattice, collider, background	182
	L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, H. Garcia, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, J. Snuverink JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom L.C. Deacon UCL, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC - grant agreement 284404. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a Geant4 and C++ based particle tracking code that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors, including the full range of particle interaction physics processes from Geant4. BDSIM has been successfully used to model beam loss and background conditions for many current and future linear accelerators such as the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) and the International Linear Collider (ILC). Current developments extend its application for use with storage rings, in particular for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC). This paper presents the latest results from using BDSIM to model the LHC as well as the developments underway to improve performance.
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MOPRO062	Investigating Polarisation and Shape of Beam Microwave Signals at the ANKA Storage Ring	radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, polarization	4090
	J. Schwarzkopf, M. Brosi, C. Chang, E. Hertle, V. Judin, B. Kehrer, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, M. Schwarz, P. Schönfeldt, P. Schütze, J.L. Steinmann KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany F. Caspers CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	At the ANKA synchrotron radiation facility measurements in the microwave range (~10 to 12 GHz) employing a LNB (Low Noise Block), which is the receiving part of a Satellite-TV system, have been carried out. Experiments showed that the observed signal depends on the length of the electron bunches. Furthermore the temporal shape of the microwave signal depends on the detector's position along the accelerator. Due the LNB antenna's sensitivity to polarisation it was also possible to measure the polarisation along the several ns long signal, revealing polarised and non-polarised regions. This paper describes the experimental setup and summarises the observations of the systematic studies performed with the LNB system.
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MOPRO063	Studies of Bursting CSR in Multi-bunch Operation at the ANKA Storage Ring	radiation, storage-ring, synchrotron, operation	225
	V. Judin, M. Brosi, C.M. Caselle, E. Hertle, N. Hiller, A. Kopmann, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, N.J. Smale, J.L. Steinmann, M. Weber KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	The ANKA storage ring can generate brilliant coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the THz range due to a dedi- cated low-αc -optics with reduced bunch lengths. At higher electron currents the radiation is not stable, but occurs in powerful bursts caused by micro-bunching instabilities. This intense THz radiation is very attractive for users. However, the reproducibility of the experimental conditions is very low due to those power fluctuations. Systematic studies of bursting CSR in multi-bunch operation were performed with fast THz detectors at ANKA using a dedicated, ultra-fast DAQ-FPGA board. The technique and preliminary results of these studies are presented in this paper.
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MOPRI029	Spectrometer for Laser-pulsed Electrons from Field Emission Cathodes	electron, cathode, laser, controls	655
	S. Mingels, B. Bornmann, D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht, G. Müller, V. Porshyn Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
	Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Project number: 05K13PX2. In order to develop highly brilliant, pulsed electron sources based on photo-induced field emission (PFE), which combines advantages of photo and field emission (FE), a new measurement system was constructed at BUW. In an UHV system the electrons are extracted from a cold cathode by a mesh electrode under pulsed laser illumination (3.5 ns, 10 Hz, 0.5 – 5.9 eV, > 0.3 mJ) and so far analyzed by a CW-spectrometer. Quantum efficiency investigations of flat metal (Au, Ag of different surface orientations) and semiconductor crystals (n- and p-Si, GaN) yielded the expected work functions and revealed first hints for PFE effects. However, the kinetic energy of the electrons could not be measured with the CW-spectrometer. In addition, the achievable electric field (< 20 MV/m) was limited by parasitic FE. Hence, the system is presently upgraded with a spectrometer (resolution < 3 meV) that can handle electron pulses and a dust reduced environment is installed at the load lock. First results acquired with the upgraded apparatus on PFE cathodes will be presented at the conference. B. Bornmann et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 013302 (2012). ** S. Mingels et al., Proc. FEL2013, New York, USA, p. 339.
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MOPRI046	The Evolution of the Transverse Energy Distribution of Electrons from a GaAs Photocathode as a Function of its Degradation State	electron, cathode, laser, brightness	707
	L.B. Jones, B.L. Militsyn, T.C.Q. Noakes STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H.E. Scheibler, A.S. Terekhov ISP, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The brightness of a photoelectron injector is fundamentally limited by the mean longitudinal and transverse energy distributions of the photoelectrons emitted from its photocathode, and the electron beam brightness is increased significantly if the mean values of these quantities are reduced. ASTeC have commissioned a Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS – an experimental facility designed to measure these transverse and longitudinal energy distributions) which can be used for III-V semiconductor, alkali antimonide/telluride and metal photocathode research. GaAs photocathodes were activated in our photocathode preparation facility (PPF), then transferred to TESS under XHV conditions and progressively degraded through controlled exposure to oxygen. We present commissioning data and initial measurements showing the evolution of the transverse energy distribution of electrons from GaAs photocathodes as a function of their degradation state. Proc. FEL ’13, TUPPS033, 290-293 ** Proc. IPAC ’11, THPC129, 3185-3187
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TUOBA03	Recent Beam-beam Effects and Luminosity at VEPP-2000	luminosity, collider, positron, electron	924
	D.B. Shwartz, D.E. Berkaev, A.S. Kasaev, I. Koop, A.N. Kyrpotin, A.P. Lysenko, E. Perevedentsev, V.P. Prosvetov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.L. Romanov, A.I. Senchenko, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, grant N 14.518.11.7003 VEPP-2000's last season was dedicated to the energy range of 160-520 MeV per beam. The application of round colliding beams concept along with the accurate orbit and lattice correction yielded the high peak luminosity of 1.210³¹ cm^-2s⁻¹ at 500 MeV with average luminosity of 0.910³¹ cm^-2s⁻¹ per run. The total beam-beam tune shift up to 0.174 was achieved in the runs at 392.5 MeV. This corresponds to beam-beam parameter ksi = 0.125 per one interaction point. The injection system is currently being upgraded to allow for the injection at the top energy of VEPP-2000 collider and to eliminate the present lack of positrons.
	Slides TUOBA03 [4.475 MB]
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TUPRO021	Preliminary Study of Risks and Failure Scenarios for the High Luminosity Experiments in HL-LHC	luminosity, simulation, cavity, experiment	1055
	F. Bouly LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France R. Alemany-Fernández, H. Burkhardt, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland B. Yee-Rendón CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
	For the HL-LHC it is planned to basically double the diameter of the triplet quadruple magnets around the high luminosity insertions of the LHC. The high luminosity experiments ATLAS and CMS would like to keep a small central chamber radius close the interaction point. In the context of collider-experiment studies for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC, we present a first study of the possible consequences of these changes for the experimental running conditions based on detailed simulations with tracking. We have started to implement crab cavity failures and discuss first results from these simulations.
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TUPRO027	First Beam Background Simulation Studies at IR1 for High Luminosity LHC	simulation, background, proton, luminosity	1074
	R. Kwee-Hinzmann, S.M. Gibson JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom G. Bregliozzi, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, R. Kersevan, A. Lechner, N.V. Shetty CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S.M. Gibson Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
	In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project, the LHC will be significantly upgraded to attain a peak luminosity of up to 8.5 × 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1, thus almost an order of magnitude higher compared to the nominal machine configuration in ATLAS at IP1 and CMS at IP5. In the view of a successful machine setup as well as a successful physics programme, beam induced background studies at IP1 were performed to investigate sources of particle fluxes to the experimental area. In particular as a start of the study, two sources forming the major contributions were simulated in detail: the first one considers inelastic interactions from beam particles hitting tertiary collimators, the second one from beam interactions with residual gas-molecules in the vacuum pipe close by the experiment, referred to as beam-halo and local beam-gas, respectively. We will present these first HL-LHC background studies based on SixTrack and FLUKA simulations, highlighting the simulation setup for the design case in the HL-LHC scenario. Results of particle spectra entering the ATLAS detector region are presented for the latest study version of HL-LHC machine layout (2013).
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TUPRO029	Reducing Backgrounds in the Higgs Factory Muon Collider Detector	background, electron, photon, neutron	1081
	S.I. Striganov, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). A preliminary design of the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) has identified an enormous background loads on the HF detector. This is related to the twelve times higher muon decay probability at HF compared to that previously studied for the 1.5-TeV MC. As a result of MARS15 optimization studies, it is shown that with a carefully designed protection system in the interaction region, in the machine-detector interface and inside the detector one can reduce the background rates to a manageable level similar to that achieved for the optimized 1.5-TeV case. The main characteristics of the HF detector background are presented for the configuration found.
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TUPRO030	Mitigating Radiation Impact on Superconducting Magnets of the Higgs Factory Muon Collider	collider, radiation, dipole, factory	1084
	N.V. Mokhov, Y.I. Alexahin, V.V. Kashikhin, S.I. Striganov, I.S. Tropin, A.V. Zlobin Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). Recent discovery of a Higgs boson boosted interest in a low-energy medium-luminosity Muon Collider as a Higgs Factory (HF). A preliminary design of the HF storage ring (SR) is based on cos-theta Nb3Sn superconducting (SC) magnets with the coil inner diameter ranging from 50 cm in the interaction region to 16 cm in the arc. The coil cross-sections were chosen based on the operation margin, field quality and quench protection considerations to provide an adequate space for the beam pipe, helium channel and inner absorber (liner). With the 62.5-GeV muon energy and 2×10¹² muons per bunch, the electrons from muon decays deposit about 300 kW in the SC magnets, or unprecedented 1 kW/m dynamic heat load, which corresponds to a multi-MW room temperature equivalent. Based on the detailed MARS15 model built and intense simulations, a sophisticated protection system was designed for the entire SR to bring the peak power density in the SC coils safely below the quench limit and reduce the dynamic heat load to the cold mass by a factor of 100. The system consists of tight tungsten masks in the magnet interconnect regions and elliptical tungsten liners optimized for each magnet.
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TUPRO073	RFFAG Decay Ring for nuSTORM	proton, injection, factory, target	1208
	J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom Y. Mori Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan
	The nuSTORM facility aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a racetrack ring. Design of racetrack FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) decay ring for nuSTORM project is presented in this paper.
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TUPME044	Planned High-brightness Channeling Radiation Experiment at Fermilab's Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator	electron, experiment, radiation, photon	1457
	B.R. Blomberg, D. Mihalcea, H. Panuganti, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA C.A. Brau, B.K. Choi, W.E. Gabella, B.L. Ivanov, M.H. Mendenhall Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA C.W. Lynn Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA P. Piot, T. Sen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA W.S. Wagner Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the DARPA Axis program under contract AXIS N66001-11-1-4196 In this contribution we describe the technical details and experimental setup of our study aimed at producing high-brightness channeling radiation (CR) at Fermilab’s new user facility the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA). In the ASTA photoinjector area electrons are accelerated up to 40-MeV and focused to a sub-micron spot on a ~40 micron thick carbon diamond, the electrons channel through the crystal and emit CR up to 80-KeV. Our study utilizes ASTA’s long pulse train capabilities and ability to preserve ultra-low emittance, to produce the desired high average brightness.
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TUPME045	Development of a High-Energy Short-pulse 5-μm Parametric Source for Dielectric Laser Acceleration	laser, acceleration, operation, optics	1460
	G. Xu, I. Jovanovic, S.F. Wandel Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
	A compact, high-peak-power 5-μm laser source with pulse duration of sub-100 fs has been designed and being constructed for pumping a dielectric photonic structure to produce an acceleration gradient of order GV/m in dielectric laser acceleration. Breakdown of dielectric structure induced by multiphoton ionization can be mitigated by adopting long wavelength driver laser. Since the dielectric structure scales with the laser wavelength, fabrication tolerances for dielectric structure are relaxed as well. The 5-μm laser source is based on two cascaded optical parametric amplifiers (OPA): a 2-μm BBO OPA with a mixed phase matching scheme is used as a pump source, and a type-I phase-matched ZGP OPA is designed to produce sub-mJ, <100 fs 5-μm laser pulses. The two-stage 2-μm OPA is pumped by a Ti:sapphire amplifier and produces pulse energy of ~2.2 mJ with a pulse duration of 42 fs (~6 optical cycles), and excellent pulse stability and beam quality. Preliminary result of ~50 μJ pulse energy at 5-μm is demonstrated by using single-stage ZGP OPA, and an improved two-stage OPA scheme for production of higher pulse energy at 5-μm is under development.
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TUPRI001	ESSnuSB: A New Facility Concept for the Production of Very Intense Neutrino Beams in Europe	proton, linac, target, simulation	1550
	E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald, P. Poussot, N. Vassilopoulos IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of leptonic CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy. This facility will use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund to deliver the neutrino super beam. The ESS linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2022, producing 2 GeV and 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. An upgrade of the power to 10 MW and a frequency of 28 Hz, in which half is for the neutron beam, is necessary for the production of the neutrino beam. The primary proton beam-line completing the linac will consist of switchyards and accumulator rings. The secondary beam-line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, decay tunnel and beam dump. A megaton scale water Cherenkov detector will be located at a baseline of about 500 km in one of the existing mines in Sweden and it will measure the neutrino oscillations. The elements of the primary and secondary beam-lines and all the possible scenarios impacting the design of the ESSnuSB facility as well as the safety issues due to the high irradiation produced are presented and discussed in this paper.
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TUPRI002	The EUROnu Study for Future High Power Neutrino Oscillation Facilities	target, factory, proton, linac	1553
	T.R. Edgecock STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The EUROnu project was a 4 year FP7 design study to investigate and compare three possible options for future, high power neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. These three facilities are a Neutrino Factory, a neutrino superbeam from CERN to the Frejus Laboratory and a so-called Beta Beam. The study was completed at the end of 2012 and has produced conceptual designs for the facilities and preliminary cost estimates. The designs were used to determine the physics performance. These have been used to compare the facilities. This paper will describe the designs, physics performance and costs and summarise the recommendations of the study.
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TUPRI004	The Design and Implementation of The Radiation Monitors for the Protection of the MICE Tracker Detectors	radiation, experiment, emittance, electron	1559
	M.A. Uchida, C. Hunt, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	A radiation monitor will be required for the Muon Ionisation Cooling experiment (MICE) beyond Step IV, when the RF cavities are installed. The role of the radiation monitors will be to protect the particle tracking detectors (Trackers) from dangerous levels of RF dark currents and the as- sociated photon fluxes that could potentially be produced in the RF cavities. If such levels of radiation should occur the radiation monitor will ensure that the radiation shields (shutters) are closed thereby protecting the Tracker modules. The radiation monitor will be positioned on these radiation shields and will monitor x-rays, gamma-rays and electrons up to a few MeV. It is expected that the spectrum will peak at very low energies, since the peak voltage across the cavities is 8 MV/m and so the maximum energy that an electron could gain is 12 MeV (maximally accelerated from all four RF cavities). The design, positioning and expected sensitivity of the radiation monitors will be described here along with their readout and inclusion into the MICE interlocking systems. The schedule for the work and progress so far will also be presented.
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TUPRI013	Dynamic Aperture Studies of the nuSTORM FFAG Ring	lattice, dynamic-aperture, closed-orbit, factory	1574
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". FFAG rings with a racetrack configuration are very promising as their flexible design allow for dedicated spaces for injection/extraction, RF cavities etc. A racetrack FFAG is considered as an option for the nuSTORM facility, which aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a ring with long sections pointing towards detectors. In this paper we discuss the definition of dynamic aperture in these machines and use the PyZgoubi framework to compute the many turn motion in the nuSTORM ring. The roles of machine imperfections and symmetry are discussed.
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TUPRI034	Numerical Modeling for CesrTA Measurements of Electron Cloud Buildup in a Quadrupole Magnet	electron, vacuum, quadrupole, positron	1632
	J.A. Crittenden, M.G. Billing, W. Hartung, C. Shill, J.P. Sikora, K.G. Sonnad Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation contracts PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, and the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-FC02-08ER41538 We describe a numerical model for measurements of the formation of long-lived electron clouds in a quadrupole magnet in the CESR storage ring. The shielded stripline detector measures the electron flux incident on the vacuum chamber wall directly in front of one of the poles of the magnet. The model includes photo-electron production by synchrotron radiation, electrostatic forces from the bunched positron beam and the cloud, macroparticle tracking in the field of the quadrupole, secondary electron emission from the 9.5-cm-diameter cylindrical stainless steel beam-pipe and an analytic calculation of the transmission function of the holes in the vacuum chamber which allow cloud electrons to reach the stripline collector. These modeling studies provide a quantitative understanding of the trapping mechanism which results in cloud electrons surviving the 2.3-microsecond time interval prior to the return of a train of positron bunches. These studies have been performed in the context of the CESR Test Accelerator program, which aims to quantify and mitigate performance limitations on future low-emittance storage and damping rings.
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TUPRI079	Test Results of the Libera Sync 3 CW Reference Clock Transfer System	controls, FEL, operation, instrumentation	1751
	P. Orel, E. Janezic, P.L. Lemut, S. Zorzut I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia S. Hunziker, V. Schlott PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The new Libera Sync 3 CW reference clock transfer system has been specifically designed to meet the strict requirements of the latest fourth generation light sources, such as the Swiss FEL. The system has been co-developed with the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). It has been produced and tested at Instrumentation Technologies (I-Tech) and later installed at PSI. In this article we give a general overview of the system and its functionalities. We also present a brief overview of the supporting products that have been developed in order to enable testing at the level of performance discussed. Finally, we focus on presenting some of the test results obtained at I-Tech and PSI showing the performance capabilities and limitations of the system.
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TUPRI097	Radiation Protection Concepts for the Beamline for Detector Tests at ELSA	radiation, electron, simulation, neutron	1799
	N. Heurich, F. Frommberger, P. Hänisch, W. Hillert ELSA, Bonn, Germany
	At the electron accelerator ELSA, a new external beamline is under construction, whose task is to provide a primary electron beam for detector tests. In the future the accelerator facility will not only be offering an electron beam to the currently implemented photoproduction experiments for hadron physics, but to the new "‘research and technology center detector physics"',whose task is to develop detectors for particle and astroparticle physics. To dump and simultaneously measure the current of the electron beam behind the detector components a Faraday cup consisting of depleted uranium is used. The residual radiation leaving the cup is absorbed in a concrete casing. The radiation protection concept for the entire area of the new beamline was designed with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation program Fluka. In addition the concrete casing, radiation protection walls were taken into account to allow a safe working environment in the room created by the shielding walls. The presentation gives an overview of the different radiation protection concepts for the new beamline for detector tests at ELSA. Furthermore, progresses at the beamline will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI097
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TUPRI100	Present Status of the Cherenkov Beam Loss Monitor at SACLA	electron, undulator, status, laser	1808
	T. Itoga JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan Y. Asano RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
	Since 2011, high power lasers have been delivered stably to the users at SACLA, the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free electron laser, and the upgrades have been performing to obtain the high quality of the laser continuously. Optical fiber based Cherenkov beam loss monitors have been successfully operated from the commissioning phase. This monitor covers the undulator section of beam lines and the electron beam transporting tunnel from SACLA to SPring-8. This monitor is made good use of not only beam transport but also detection of the small beam loss such as electron halos hitting the magnets of undulator. In this presentation, we will report the present status of the Cherenkov beam loss monitor and its usage experience.
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TUPRI101	Measurement of Neutrons Generated by 345MeV/u U-238 Beam at RIKEN RIBF	neutron, target, simulation, photon	1811
	N. Nakao Shimizu Corporation, Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan K. Tanaka, Y. Uwamino RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
	Neutrons generated by a 345 MeV/u uranium beam bombardment on a 3-mm-thick Be target were measured outside the target chamber using activation detectors of bismuth, aluminum and carbon at 60, 70 and 90 degrees from the beam axis. After a few days irradiation, the activation detectors were removed, and the energy spectra of photons from radionuclides generated by reactions of 209Bi(n, xn)210-xBi(x=4~10), 12C(n, 2n)11C and 27Al(n, alpha)24Na were measured using a germanium detector. Photo peak counts of corresponding photon energies were analyzed with considering detector efficiencies and a beam intensity fluctuation during the irradiation. The production rates of the radionuclides were obtained for all reactions. Monte Carlo simulation using the PHITS code was also performed. Fluxes of neutrons at the activation detectors were tallied and the energy spectra were obtained. Production rates of the radionuclides were obtained by folding the thus obtained energy spectra with activation cross section data. Comparisons with the measurements showed agreements within about 60%.
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WEOCA01	Construction Status of SuperKEKB	dynamic-aperture, controls, cavity, damping	1877
	N. Ohuchi, K. Akai, H. Koiso KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	SuperKEKB consists of 7 GeV electron and 4 GeV positron rings (HER and LER), a newly built positron damping ring and an injector linac. The target luminosity is 8x10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1, which is 40 times higher than that achieved at KEKB. Construction of SuperKEKB is progressing on schedule, and beam commissioning is scheduled in 2015. Fabrication, treatment and installation of vacuum components, magnets and power supplies, and beam diagnostic and feedback systems are ongoing. Improvement of RF system and strengthening of cooling system for magnets and beam pipes are also underway. Detailed design of the interaction region has been finalized, and final focus superconducting magnets are under production. The damping ring tunnel and buildings has been completed, and installation of the accelerator components started. The upgrade of the injector linac is also progressing. This paper describes construction status of SuperKEKB main rings and the damping ring as well as recent design progress.
	Slides WEOCA01 [6.360 MB]
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WEOCA03	DAΦNE Operation with the Upgraded KLOE-2 Detector	luminosity, operation, collider, coupling	1883
	C. Milardi, D. Alesini, M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, A. De Santis, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, O. Frasciello, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, F. Guatieri, S. Guiducci, F. Iungo, C. Ligi, G. Mazzitelli, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, M. Serio, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy R. Gargana, A. Michelotti Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy D.N. Shatilov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia M. Tobiyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The DAΦNE collider has been successfully commissioned after the experimental detector modification and a major upgrade and consolidation program involving a large part of the accelerator complex. This paper presents the Φ-Factory setup and the achieved performances in terms of beam currents, luminosity, detector background and related aspects.
	Slides WEOCA03 [2.424 MB]
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WEIB02	RF Sub-Systems for Cargo and Vehicle Inspection	linac, photon, vacuum, scattering	1917
	D.J. Mistry, T.A. Cross, C.R. Weatherup e2v, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
	X-ray screening for security is a well-established inspection technique. Whilst in terms of fielded systems the vast majority consist of low energy X-ray sources, typically used for hand baggage or mail screening. There is a smaller but high value niche market servicing the requirements for border security, and cargo and vehicle inspection (CVI). This latter application requires higher X-ray energies of up to 10 MeV using an electron linear accelerator (linac) source to penetrate fully loaded shipping containers. Increasingly, methods are required to improve throughput and provide a higher level of material discrimination during inspection. This paper will briefly review the elements required to make an effective X-ray source, whilst outlining the RF technology required to drive a linac-based X-ray security system. Following this, potential new developments in radiofrequency (RF) sub-systems will be discussed in the context of user benefits. Abstract redrafted 10.6.14 Original abstract: redrafted 6.12.13. 'The purpose of this presentation is to provide an understanding of global industry security systems and the role of accelerators…'
	Slides WEIB02 [5.892 MB]
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WEPRO002	Studies of Ultrashort THz Pulses at DELTA	electron, laser, radiation, simulation	1936
	P. Ungelenk, L.-G. Böttger, S. Hilbrich, H. Huck, M. Huck, M. Höner, S. Khan, C. Mai, A. Meyer auf der Heide, R. Molo, H. Rast, A. Schick DELTA, Dortmund, Germany S. Bielawski, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France N. Hiller, V. Judin, J. Raasch, P. Thoma KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the DFG, the BMBF, and the state of NRW. At DELTA, a 1.5-GeV electron storage ring operated as a light source by the Center for Synchrotron Radiation at the TU Dortmund University, coherent ultrashort THz pulses are routinely generated by density-modulated electron bunches. Tracking simulations as well as experimental studies using ultrafast THz detectors and an FT-IR spectrometer aim at understanding the turn-by-turn evolution of the density modulation after an initial laser-electron interaction. Furthermore, intensity-modulated laser pulses are applied to create narrow-band THz radiation. This setup is part of the new short-pulse facility based on coherent harmonic generation.
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WEPRO004	Status of Laser Compton Scattered Gamma-ray Source at JAEA 150-MeV Microtron	laser, radiation, microtron, electron	1943
	R. Hajima JAEA/ERL, Ibaraki, Japan I. Daito, H. Negm, H. Ohgaki Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan M. Ferdows, T. Hayakawa, M. Kando, T. Shizuma JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Funding: This work is supported by Funds for Integrated Promotion of Social System Reform and Research and Development. We have developed a laser Compton scattered gamma-ray source based on a 150-MeV racetrack microtron at Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The microtron equipped with a photocathode RF gun accelerates a single bunch of electrons to collide with a laser pulse from a Nd:YAG laser. Such gamma-ray source realizes industrial application of nuclear material detection in a ship cargo, which is one of the urgent requests of international nuclear security. Recent status of gamma-ray generation experiments and design study of a practical machine is presented.
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WEPRO086	Experimental Activity in the ENEA-Frascati Irradiation Facility with 3-7 MeV Protons	proton, experiment, DTL, linac	2156
	M. Vadrucci, A. Ampollini, F. Bonfigli, M.C. Carpanese, F. Marracino, R.M. Montereali, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M.A. Vincenti ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy F. Ambrosini URLS, Rome, Italy M. Balduzzi, C. Marino, C. Snels ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy M. Balucani, A. Klyshko University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy C. De Angelis, G. Esposito, M.A. Tabocchini ISS, Rome, Italy
	A variable energy (3-7 MeV) and pulsed current (0.1 – 100 μA) proton beam has been made available for different applications (radiobiology experiments, detectors development, material studies) in an irradiation facility at ENEA-Frascati based on the 7 MeV injector of the protontherapy linac under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project. It is a 425 MHz linear accelerator consisting in a 3 MeV RFQ followed by a DTL up to 7 MeV (PL-7 ACCSYS-HITACHI model) followed by an horizontal and a vertical beam transport line. The latter one is particularly suitable for radiobiology in vitro studies allowing to irradiate besides cell monolayes also cell growing in suspension culture. The paper describes the facility and the recent results of the experimental activity.
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WEPRO089	Latest Developments of a C-band 2MeV Accelerator	experiment, operation, linac, status	2165
	W. Bai, M. Li, L.J. Shan, X.M. Shen, Z. Xu CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
	A C-band 2MeV accelerator is developped at CAEP in China. This research is aimmed at developing an compact accelerator used as X ray source for industrial useage. At present, the C-band accelerator has been developed successfully. we have carried out a lot of research work based on the accelerator, including test of X ray energy, focus and dose rate etc. This paper shows the latest experimental results and application research status on the C-band accelerator.
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WEPRO094	Synchrotron Radiation Test Validations of European XFEL MCP-based Detectors at DORIS Beamline BW1	photon, radiation, FEL, ion	2180
	E. Syresin, A.Yu. Grebentsov, A.V. Shabunov, N.I. Zamiatin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia R. Basta, T. Fiala, P. Hedbavny Vakuum Praha, Prague, Czech Republic O.I. Brovko JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia W. Freund, J. Grünert, H. Sinn XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany D. Novikov, M.V. Yurkov DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Radiation detectors based onμchannel plates (MCP) are planned for installation at the European XFEL. Main purpose of these detectors is searching a signature of lasing and further fine tuning of the FEL process. Detectors operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the saturation level (between a few nJ and 25 mJ), and in a wide wavelength range from 0.05 nm to 0.4 nm for SASE1 and SASE2, and from 0.4 nm to 4.43 nm for SASE3. The SR tests validation of the MCP-based detector applied for XFEL lines SASE1 and SASE2 were performed at the DORIS beamline BW1 at SR with photon energy of 8.5-12.4 keV. The absolute measurements of a photon pulse energy for hard X-ray radiation were performed with application of MCP and photodiode detectors. Pulse-to-pulse photon energy measurements with MCPs and silicon photo detector were done with 192 ns and 96 ns repetition intervals. The SR beam imaging measurement at X-ray irradiation was performed at test validation experiments.
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WEPRO104	Backscattering X-ray System by using 950 keV X-band Linac X-ray Source	photon, target, linac, simulation	2209
	C. Liu The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan T. Fujiwara, M. Uesaka The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan J. Kusano Accuthera Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
	Recently several tunnel collapses have happened in the world. To prevent this kind of accidents, the non-destructive inspection for tunnel is seriously needed. Backscattering X-ray system which makes one-side operation possible is a very important way to solve this problem. But the backscattering X-ray systems using X-ray tubes could only get the superficial information of the concrete target. Now we are using our 950 keV X-ray source to construct the backscattering X-ray system to detect the deeper part of the concrete target. D. Shedlok, T. Edwards, C.Toh, “X-ray Backscatter Imaging for Aerospace Applications”, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Volume 30 AIP Conf. Proc. 1335, 509-516, (2011).
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WEPRO109	Experimental Determination of Heavy Nuclei Fission Cross-sections under Relativistic Deuterons Irradiation on the Accelerator Complex “Nuclotron” for Purposes of Transmutation and Energy Amplification	neutron, target, simulation, experiment	2221
	V.V. Bukhal, A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus M. Artiushenko NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine K.V. Husak The Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Reserach - "SOSNY" NASB, Minsk, Belarus S.I. Tyutyunnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Experimental studies of neutron spectra of three different subcritical assemblies driven by an accelerator (Accelerator Driven Systems – ADS) for investigation of the possibility of transmutation and energy amplification have been carried out. The assemblies were constructed in the framework of the international project “Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Wastes” and experiments with them are running in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) at the accelerator complex “Nuclotron”. In this paper the results of measurements of 239Pu(n, f), 235U(n, f), 238U(n, f) and 238U(n,γ) reactions cross-sections and reactions rates using solid state nuclear track detectors and activation gamma-spectroscopy are presented. A comparison of the experimental results with FLUKA calculations is given. The obtained experimental values characterize the neutron spectra in the experimental points and allow the efficiency of the ADS technology for the systems with similar parameters to be evaluated.
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WEPME042	The LHC Vacuum Pilot Sectors Project	vacuum, electron, controls, radiation	2360
	B. Henrist, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The operation of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at nominal beam parameters is expected for the next years (2015). Increased synchrotron-radiation stimulated-desorption and electron-cloud build-up are expected. A deep understanding of the interactions between the proton beams and the beampipe wall is mandatory to control the anticipated beam-induced pressure rise. A Vacuum Pilot Sector (VPS) has been designed to monitor the performance of the vacuum system with time. The VPS is installed along a double LHC room temperature vacuum sector (18 m long, 80 mm inner diameter beam pipes) and includes 8 standard modules, 1.4 m long each. Such modules are equipped with residual gas analysers, Bayard-Alpert gauges, photon and electron flux monitors, etc. The chosen modular approach opens the possibility of studying different configurations and implementing future modifications. This contribution will describe the apparatus, the control system designed to drive measurements and possible applications during the next LHC operational phase.
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WEPME044	LHC Experimental Beam Pipe Upgrade during LS1	vacuum, experiment, injection, simulation	2366
	G. Lanza, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The LHC experimental beam pipes are being improved during the ongoing long shutdown 1 (LS1). Several vacuum chambers have been tested and validated before their installation inside the detectors. The validation tests include: leak tightness, ultimate vacuum pressure, material outgassing rate, and residual gas composition. NEG coatings are assessed by hydrogen sticking probability measurement with the help of Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper the motivation for the beam pipe upgrade, the validation tests of the components and the results are presented and discussed.
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WEPME049	Coupled Simulations of the Synchrotron Radiation and Induced Desorption Pressure Profiles for the HiLumi-LHC Triplet Area and Interaction Points	vacuum, simulation, photon, electron	2381
	R. Kersevan, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The HiLumi-LHC machine upgrade has officially started as an approved LHC project (see dedicated presentations at this conference on the subject). One important feature of the upgrade is the installation of very high-gradient triplet magnets for focusing the beams at the collision points of the two high-luminosity detectors ATLAS and CMS. Other important topics are new superconducting D1 magnets, installation of crab cavities, and re-shuffling of the dispersion suppression area. Based on the current magnetic lattice set-up and beam orbits, a detailed study of the emission of synchrotron radiation (SR) and related photon-induced desorption (PID) has been carried out. A significant amount of SR photons are generated by the two off-axis beams in the common vacuum chamber of the triplet area, about 57 m in length. Ray-tracing Montecarlo codes SYNRAD⁺ and Molflow+ have been employed in this study. The related PID pressure profiles will be shown, together with simulations using the code VASCO for the analysis of beam losses and background in the detectors, including electron cloud effects. () The HiLumi LHC Design Study is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404*
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WEPME054	Design and Fabrication of the Novel-type Ceramic Chamber	vacuum, site, HOM, electron	2393
	L.H. Wu, C.K. Chan, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, T.Y. Lee NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	A ceramic chamber of novel type has been designed and fabricated. The uniformity of its inner thin film of deposited metal is improved to have a thickness error about 1 %. The average straightness error of the chamber (length 550 mm) is developed to be less than 55 μm. To fabricate the ceramic chamber of novel type, we first cleaned and joined the two halves; the metal films were deposited by sputtering. These two halves were next sealed with a glass powder colloid to become a ceramic tube. The rate of outgassing of this colloid is 3.57×10^-12 Torr L s⁻¹ cm^-2 after baking. The ceramic tube was connected to a stainless-steel flange with the aid of a glass powder colloid and TIG welding. This ceramic test chamber will be installed in the experimental system to analyze the residual gas.
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WEPME063	Pulsed Low Level Baseband RF Control of CH-Cavities for p-Linac at FAIR	controls, linac, proton, antiproton	2421
	P. Nonn, U. Bonnes, C. Burandt, F. Hug, N. Pietralla TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany H. Klingbeil, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Klingbeil TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: This project was supported by the BMBF under grant No. 05P09RDRB5 and by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR) funded by the State of Hesse within its LOEWE initiative. At the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany a high intensity antiproton beam will be produced. To provide the necessary 70 mA proton beam a dedicated proton linac (p-Linac) is under construction. The main acceleration will be provided by 9 novel CH-type cavities, of which 6 will be coupled in pairs to share the same klystron. To test the rf properties of these novel cavities, a test stand is under construction. An rf control system for the pulsed operation of these cavities has been developed at TU Darmstadt. It is based upon the digital cw rf control that is successfully in operation as part of the S-DALINAC at IKP Darmstadt. The latest developments will be presented.
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WEPRI086	Three Dimensional Field Analysis for Final Focus Magnet System at SuperKEKB	solenoid, quadrupole, multipole, octupole	2690
	Y. Arimoto, N. Ohuchi, M. Tawada, K. Tsuchiya, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong KEK, Ibaraki, Japan B. Parker, P. Wanderer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	SuperKEKB is an upgrade accelerator of KEKB with a design luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1. The design is based on a "nano-beam scheme", where vertical beam size is squeezed into 50 nm at an interaction point. One of key component is a final focus magnet system. The focusing system consists of 4-superconducting (SC) quadrupole doublets, 43 SC-correctors, 4 SC-compensation solenoids. They are aligned in a detector (Belle-II) solenoid which generates a longitudinal field of 1.5 T. The system are packed in a small area and also has magnetic shields. So it is expected an entire magnetic field of the system is not one which is linearly-superimposed field of each magnet. Here a study of three dimensional field analysis for the final focus magnet system will be presented.
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WEPRI096	Mu2e Magnetic Measurements	solenoid, electron, target, experiment	2719
	M. Buehler, M.A. Tartaglia, J.C. Tompkins Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.R. Orozco University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
	The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation by searching for muon-to-electron conversion. The magnetic field generated by a system of solenoids is crucial for Mu2e and requires accurate characterization to detect any flaws and to produce a detailed field map. Stringent physics goals are driving magnetic field specifications for the Mu2e solenoids. A field mapper is being designed, which will produce detailed magnetic field maps. The uniform field region of the spectrometer volume requires the highest level of precision (1 Gauss per 1 Tesla). During commissioning, multiple magnetic field maps will be generated to verify proper alignment of all magnet coils, and to create the final magnetic field map. In order to design and build a precise field mapping system consisting of Hall and NRM probes, tolerances and precision for such a system need to be evaluated. In this paper we present a design for the Mu2e field mapping hardware, and discuss results from OPERA-3D simulations to specify parameters for Hall and NMR probes. We also present a fitting procedure for the analytical treatment of our expected magnetic measurements.
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WEPRI115	Design and Integration of the Optical Reference Module at 1.3 GHz for FLASH and the European XFEL	electronics, laser, controls, LLRF	2768
	E. Janas, K. Czuba, P. Kownacki, D. Sikora Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, T. Lamb, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany J. Szewiński NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland
	In this paper we present recent progress on the integration and implementation of the optical reference module (REFM-OPT) for the free-electron lasers FLASH and European XFEL. In order to achieve high energy stability and low arrival time jitter of the electron beam, the accelerator requires an accurate low-level RF (LLRF) field regulation and a sophisticated synchronization scheme for various devices along the facility. The REFM-OPT is a 19” module which is responsible for resynchronizing the 1.3 GHz reference signal for the LLRF distributed by coaxial cables to a phase-stable signal of the optical synchronization system. The module provides a 1.3 GHz output signal with low phase noise and high long-term stability. Several sub-components of the REFM-OPT designed specifically for this module are described in detail. The readout electronics of the high-precision Laser-to-RF phase detector are presented as well as the integration of this key component into the 19” module. Additionally, we focus on design solutions which assure phase stability and synchronization of the 1.3 GHz signal at several high power outputs of the module.
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WEPRI116	Master Oscillator for the European XFEL	laser, feedback, low-level-rf, timing	2771
	L.Z. Zembala, K. Czuba, B. Gąsowski, D. Sikora Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland J. Branlard, H. Schlarb, H.C. Weddig DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The reference signal outage causes breakdown of the synchronisation in the entire accelerator, which could result in a multi-day break in the operation. Therefore, the Master Oscillator (MO) for the European XFEL has to be redundant, in order to achieve extremely high reliability. The redundancy concept, which provides no interruption in the reference signal, requires phase coherence, fast RF switching and sustaining the RF power with a high-Q filter. These features allow to keep possible signal transitions smooth. Furthermore, the MO has to generate a 1.3 GHz signal of exceptionally good phase noise performance – jitter < 35 fs RMS integrated from 10 Hz to1 MHz. One of the problems in the way are vibrations, which have to be properly isolated to avoid microphonics effects in oscillators. The proposed MO architecture and connection with the RF distribution system is described. A basic prototype is tested and results are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI116
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THOBA01	A New Scheme for Electro-optic Sampling at Record Repetition Rates : Principle and Application to the First (turn-by-turn) Recordings of THz CSR Bursts at SOLEIL	laser, synchrotron, real-time, storage-ring	2794
	E. Roussel, S. Bielawski, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France J.B. Brubach, L. Cassinari, M.-E. Couprie, M. Labat, L. Manceron, J.P. Ricaud, P. Roy, M.-A. Tordeux SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The microbunching instability is an ubiquitous problem in storage rings at high current density. However, the involved fast time-scales hampered the possibility to make direct real-time recordings of theses structures. When the structures occur at a cm scale, recent works at UVSOR, revealed that direct recording of the CSR electric field with ultra-high speed electronics (17 ps) provides extremely precious informations on the microbunching dynamics. However, when CSR occurs at THz frequencies (and is thus out of reach of electronics), the problem remained largely open. Here we present a new opto-electronic strategy that enabled to record series of successive electric field pulses shapes with picosecond resolution (including carrier and envelope), every 12 ns, over a total duration of several milliseconds. We also present the first experimental results obtained with this method at Synchrotron SOLEIL, above the microbunching instability threshold, and we present direct tests of Vlasov-Fokker-Planck and macroparticle models. The method can be applied to the detection of ps electric fields in other situations where high repetition rate is also an issue. First Direct, Real Time, Recording of the CSR Pulses Emitted During the Microbunching Instability, using Thin Film YBCO Detectors at UVSOR-III, IPAC2014
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THPRO017	Comparison of the Detection Performance of Three Nonlinear Crystals for the Electro-optic Sampling of a FEL-THz Source	FEL, laser, lattice, damping	2891
	B. Wu, L. Cao, Q. Fu, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The detector of a FEL-THz source at HUST is now in the physical design stage. The electro-optic (EO) sampling method will be employed for the coherent detection. The performances of three widely used EO crystals will be evaluated and compared numerically in the time domain detection: zinc telluride (ZnTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP). The phase matching properties are analyzed to find the appropriate probe wavelength. The EO detection response is calculated to select the suitable crystal thickness and to discuss the detection ability of each crystal.
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THPRO116	Control System of a Miniature 12 MeV Race-Track Microtron	controls, vacuum, operation, microtron	3165
	Yu.A. Kubyshin, V. Blasco, J.A. Romero, A. Sanchez UPC, Barcelona, Spain G. Montoro UPC-EETAC-TSC, Castelldefels, Spain V.I. Shvedunov MSU, Moscow, Russia
	A simple control system has been developed for the commissioning of a compact 12 MeV race-track microtron which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia. It is of modular structure and is based on LabView programs at a conventional PC and ATmega microcontrollers. Apart from modules to monitor different RTM systems it also includes an Automatic Frequency Control of the magnetron frequency and interlocks. The architecture and main features of the modules are described and results of their operation are reported. Further developments of the control system and interfaces are on the way.
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THPME051	Preparatory Investigations for a Low Frequency Prebuncher at ReA	rfq, linac, bunching, simulation	3342
	D.M. Alt, J.F. Brandon, D. Leitner, D. Morris, M.J. Syphers, N.R. Usher, W. Wittmer NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The ReA reaccelerator facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) will provide a unique capability to study reactions with low-energy beams of rare isotopes. A beam from the coupled cyclotron facility is stopped in a gas stopping system, charge bred in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), and then reaccelerated in a compact superconducting LINAC. At present the beam repetition rate at the ReA targets is the same as the LINAC RF frequency of 80.5 MHz. A lower frequency would be desirable for many types of experiments using time of flight data acquisitions. Studies were undertaken to investigate possible methods of reducing the beam frequency with minimal reduction in overall beam current. This paper reports the results of preliminary design studies of such a low frequency prebuncher designed to increase the pulse separation and minimize bunch lengths at the detector.
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THPME077	Complex Beam Profile Reconstruction, A Novel Rotating Array of Vibrating Wires	vacuum, operation, extraction, instrumentation	3415
	S.G. Arutunian ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia J.R. Alonso LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Proton/ion beams of multiple charge/mass ratio can be very complex. Orthogonal X-Y projections are often inappropriate to represent these profiles. An array of vibrating wires, rotating around the beam axis is under development. The mechanical implementation is described. An algorithm to reconstruct the profile is proposed. The tradeoffs between the number of wires, the rotation angles, the response time and the profile resolution are discussed.
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THPME089	On the Suitability of Longitudinal Profile Measurements using Smith-Purcell Radiation for Short High Current Proton Beams	radiation, proton, simulation, optics	3439
	J. Barros, N. Delerue, M. Vieille Grosjean LAL, Orsay, France I. Dolenc Kittelmann ESS, Lund, Sweden C.A. Thomas Lund University, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: Financially supported by the Université Paris-Sud (programme "attractivité") and the French ANR (contract ANR-12-JS05-0003-01). The use of Smith-Purcell radiation to measure electrons longitudinal profiles has been demonstrated at several facilities in the picosecond and sub-picosecond range. There is a strong interest for the development of non intercepting longitudinal profile diagnostics for high current proton beams. We present here results of simulations on the expected yield of longitudinal profile monitors using Smith-Purcell radiation for such proton beams.
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THPME091	Beam Halo Measurements using Wire Scanners at ATF2	background, photon, collimation, experiment	3445
	S. Liu, P. Bambade LAL, Orsay, France S. Bai, J. Gao, D. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China A. Faus-Golfe, N. Fuster-Martínez IFIC, Valencia, Spain T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Chinese Scholarship Council, FPA2010-21456-C02-01 and i-link 0704 Beam halo hitting on the beam pipe after the Interaction Point (IP) can generate a large amount of background for the measurements of the nano meter beam size using the laser interferometer beam size monitor (Shintake monitor) at ATF2. In order to investigate the beam halo transverse distribution, a diamond detector will be installed downstream of the IP. A feasibility study of a transverse halo collimation system to reduce the background for these measurements is also in progress. Prior to the diamond detector installation, a first attempt of beam halo measurements have been performed in 2013 using the currently installed wire scanners. Modeling of the beam halo distribution in the extraction (EXT) line was done and compared with the old modeling for ATF. Beam halo measurements were also done using the post-IP wire scanner to investigate the beam halo distribution at post-IP. Work supported by Chinese Scholarship Council, FPA2010-21456-C02-01 and i-link 0704
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THPME092	Status of Diamond Detector Development for Beam Halo Investigation at ATF2	electron, vacuum, photon, cathode	3449
	S. Liu, P. Bambade, F. Bogard, J-N. Cayla, H. Monard, C. Sylvia, T. Vinatier LAL, Orsay, France N. Fuster-Martínez IFIC, Valencia, Spain I. Khvastunov National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, The Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: Chinese Scholarship Council We are developing a diamond detector for beam halo and Compton spectrum diagnostics after the interaction point (IP) of ATF2, a low energy (1.3 GeV) prototype of the final focus system for ILC and CLIC linear collider projects. Tests of a 500 μm thick sCVD diamond detector with a dimension of 4.5 mm×4.5 mm have been carried out with radioactive sources and with electron beam from PHIL low energy (<10 MeV) photo-injector at LAL. The tests at PHIL were done with different beam intensities in air, just after the exit window at the end of the beam line, to test the response of the diamond detector and the readout electronics. We have successfully detected signals from single electrons, using a 40 dB amplifier, and from an electron beam of 10⁸ electrons, using a 24 dB attenuator. A diamond sensor with 4 strips has been designed and fabricated for installation in the vacuum chambers of ATF2 and PHIL, with the aim to scan both the beam halo (with 2 strips of 1.5 mm×4 mm) and the beam core (with 2 strips of 0.1 mm×4 mm) transverse distributions.
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THPME093	Reconstruction of Longitudinal Electrons Bunch Profiles at FACET, SLAC	radiation, background, electron, wakefield	3453
	M. Vieille Grosjean, J. Barros, N. Delerue, S. Jenzer LAL, Orsay, France F. Bakkali Taheri, G. Doucas, I.V. Konoplev, A. Reichold JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom C.I. Clarke SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The E-203 collaboration is testing a device on FACET at SLAC to measure the longitudinal profile of electron bunches using Smith-Purcell radiation. At FACET the electron bunches have an energy of 20GeV and a duration of a few hundred femtoseconds. Smith-Purcell radiation is emitted when a charged particle passes close to the surface of a metallic grating. The set-up installed in FACET consists in four targets (three gratings and a blank) on a carrousel on one side and eleven pyroelectric detectors on the opposite side, the beam passing between. At the moment, the measurement is averaged over a hundred pulses or more. We have studied the stability of the measurement from pulse to pulse and the resolution of the measure depending on the number of grating used.
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THPME094	Measurement of Low-charged Electron Beam with a scintillator Screen	electron, diagnostics, laser, vacuum	3456
	T. Vinatier, P. Bambade, C. Bruni, S. Liu LAL, Orsay, France
	Measuring electron beam charge lower than 1pC is very challenging since the traditional diagnostics, like Faraday Cup and ICT, are limited in resolution to a few pC. A way to simply measure lower charge would be to use the linear relation, existing before saturation regime, between the incident charge and the total light intensity emitted by a YAG screen. Measurement has been performed on PHIL accelerator at LAL, with charge lower than 50pC, with a YAG screen located just in front of a Faraday Cup. It shows a very good linear response of the YAG screen up to the Faraday Cup resolution limit (2pC) and therefore allows calibrating the YAG screen for lower charge measurement with an estimated precision of 4%. A noise analysis allows estimating the YAG screen resolution limit around 40fC. Results of low charge measurement on PHIL will be shown and compared to those coming from a diamond detector installed on PHIL, in order to validate the measurement principle and to determine its precision and resolution limit. Such simple measurement may thereafter be used as single-shot charge diagnostic for electron beam generated and accelerated by laser-plasma interaction.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME094
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THPME097	Schottky Diode Detectors for Monitoring Coherent THz Synchrotron Radiation Pulses	radiation, synchrotron, electron, synchrotron-radiation	3465
	A. Semenov, H.-W. Hübers, A. Pohl DLR, Berlin, Germany O. Cojocari, M. Sobornytskyy ACST GmbH, Hanau, Germany A. Hoehl, R. Müller PTB, Berlin, Germany M. Ries, G. Wüstefeld HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range is a powerful tool for the diagnostics of the electron-beam relying on the fact that the emission spectrum of THz CSR depends on the shape of the electron bunch from which the radiation is emitted. Among available direct THz detectors only superconducting microbolometers and Schottky diodes are capable to resolve single CSR pulses. Here we present recent photoresponse measurements of CSR with a quasioptical zero-bias Schottky diode detector which was produced at ACST GmbH. The rise-time of the recorded real-time transient was limited to approximately 20 ps by the 18-GHz bandwidth of interconnecting cables. Non-saturated responsivity of the detector, that is the amplitude of the voltage transient referred to the total CSR pulse energy in the detector quasioptical mode, was approximately 1.5 mV/fJ. The dynamic range of the detector spans almost three orders of magnitude from 3 fJ to 1 pJ. The intrinsic jitter of the detector was less than 2 ps thus not affecting the effective time resolution and allowing us to measure the arrival-time jitter of CSR pulses for different settings of the storage ring parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME097
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THPME102	Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR	extraction, ion, proton, target	3480
	P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ. The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.
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THPME106	Compact Integrated THz Spectrometer in GaAs Technology for Electron Bunch Compression Monitor Applications	electron, radiation, synchrotron, diagnostics	3489
	N. Neumann, M. Laabs, D. Plettemeier, M. Schiselski TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany M. Gensch, B.W. Green, S. Kovalev HZDR, Dresden, Germany
	Funding: BMBF 05K13ODB Bunch compression monitors are essential for the efficient operation of linear accelerators. The spectral distribution of coherently generated THz radiation is a favorable measure for the shape of the electron bunches. Today, THz spectrometers are bulky and costly. Here, the concept of an integrated on-chip semiconductor spectrometer being developed in a joint effort by HZDR and TU Dresden within the scope of the BMBF project InSEl is presented. This potentially low-cost and compact solution based on Schottky diode detectors, integrated on-chip THz antennas and filters fabricated in a commercial GaAs process will not exceed 5 mm in size replacing current single element THz detectors in the bunch compression monitors in the ELBE accelerator at HZDR. Covering the frequency range from 0.1 to 1.5 THz (and more in the future) with a resolution of 5 to 20 points, it could also be of interest for the longitudinal electron bunch diagnostic at other electron linacs such as FLUTE, BERLinPro, FLASH or the European X-FEL. Furthermore, the detector bandwidth in the GHz range supports the high repetition rates of superconducting radio frequency accelerators.
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THPME112	Design of a Compact Setup to Measure Beam Energy by Detection of Compton Backscattered Photons at ANKA	photon, electron, laser, background	3494
	C. Chang, D. Batchelor, E. Hertle, E. Huttel, V. Judin, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, M. Schuh, J.L. Steinmann KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	Funding: This work is funded by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289191 One of the most important parameters of accelerators is their beam energy. So far, the method of resonant depolarization was used to accurately determine the energy at 2.5 GeV of the ANKA electron storage ring, which, however, becomes cumbersome for lower energies. A good alternative is the detection of Compton backscattered photons, generated by laser light scattered off the relativistic electron beam. To achieve compactness and integration into the storage ring, the setup of transverse scattering is proposed instead of conventional head-on collision. The feasibility has been studied by comparison between simulations of Compton backscattered photons by AT and CAIN 2.35 and actual measurement of background radiation with an HPGe (High Purity Germanium) spectrometer. The layout of the setup is also included in the paper.
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THPME113	Commissioning of an Ultra-fast Data Acquisition System for Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Detection	synchrotron, radiation, real-time, synchrotron-radiation	3497
	C.M. Caselle, M. Brosi, S.A. Chilingaryan, T. Dritschler, E. Hertle, V. Judin, A. Kopmann, A.-S. Müller, J. Raasch, M. Schleicher, M. Siegel, N.J. Smale, J.L. Steinmann, M. Vogelgesang, M. Weber, S. Wuensch KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
	The commissioning of a new real-time and high-accuracy data acquisition system suitable for recording individual ultra-short coherent pulses detected by fast terahertz detectors will be presented. The system is able to monitor turn-by-turn all buckets in streaming mode. The main board consists of a direct sampling board operating with a minimum sampling time of 3 psec and a time jitter less than 1.7 psec. The very low noise layout design combined with a wide dynamic range and bandwidth of the analog front-end allows to sample pulse signals generated by various GHz/THz detectors, like NbN and YBCO superconductor film detectors or zero biased Schottky Diode detectors. The digitized data is transmitted to the DAQ system by an FPGA readout board with a data transfer rate of 4 GByte/s. The setup is accomplished by a real-time data processing unit based on high-end graphics processors (GPUs) for on-line analysis of the frequency behaviour of the coherent synchrotron emissions. The system has been successfully used to study the beam properties of the ANKA synchrotron radiation source located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and operating in the energy range between 0.5-2.5 GeV
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME113
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THPME118	A Freon-filled Bubble Chamber for Gamma-ray Detection in Strong Laser-plasma Interaction	photon, electron, laser, plasma	3512
	W.B. Zhao, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, L.H.Y. Lu, X.Q. Yan, Y.Y. Zhao, B.Y. Zou PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	When a laser pulse with focused intensity exceeding 1018W/cm² interacts with a solid target, electrons in the focal spot are accelerated to relativistic velocity and where they generate inner-shell vacancies and hard x-ray(>10 keV) spectral line and Bremsstrahlung radiation. In laser plasma interactions, the resonance between betatron motion of electrons and ultraintense laser pulses is an interesting phenomenon in both electron acceleration and gamma photon production. Even though the gamma-ray synchrotron is micron scale, the energy ranges from ~1 MeV to ~102MeV. To detect the energy of the gamma-ray accurately is particularly significant. Owing to a lot of various energy of gamma-ray are emitted in femtosecond scale, which are impossible distinguished from each other on the time. A small freon-filled bubble chamber is being built to measure the energy spectrum of high-energy photons. After that, we can calculate the electron’s energy and then offer the data for various of electron acceleration theories. It combines a good spatial resolution with a large depth of field, allowing a large number of tracks. This improves the statistical quality of the photon spectrum.
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THPME124	Spectral Analysis of Micro-Bunching Instabilities using Fast THz Detectors	radiation, synchrotron, bunching, operation	3530
	J.L. Steinmann, E. Hertle, N. Hiller, V. Judin, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, P. Schönfeldt, P. Schütze KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany E. Bründermann Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
	Micro-bunching instabilities occur at synchrotron light sources when the particle density rises due to compression of the electron bunches. They lead to powerful bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the THz range at the cost of very unstable intensity and spectral properties, highly fluctuating on a millisecond time scale. For interferometry this changing source demands a long averaging time to achieve a reasonably high signal-to-noise ratio or balancing by the use of an additional reference detector. In this study we present measurements taken by a Martin-Puplett-interferometer in the bursting regime with ultra-fast THz-detectors.
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THPME125	Electrical Field Sensitive High-Tc YBCO Detector for Real-time Observation of CSR	real-time, electron, synchrotron, operation	3533
	J. Raasch, K.S. Ilin, Y.-L. Mathis, A.-S. Müller, A. Scheuring, M. Siegel, N.J. Smale, P. Thoma KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany S. Bielawski, C. Evain, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France B. Holzapfel Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany M. Hosaka, N. Yamamoto Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan K. Iida Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany M. Katoh, S.I. Kimura, T. Konomi UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan H. Zen Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
	Funding: We thank Agilent Technologies & Tektronix for supplying oscilloscopes. The work was supported by BMBF (05K2010), ANR (2010 blanc 042301), MEXT (Quantum Beam Tech. Prog.), IMS (Int. Collab. Prog.). High-Tc thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) detectors were deployed for the real-time observation of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). Due to enhanced fabrication techniques enabling the patterning of sub-μm sized detector areas responsivity values as high as 1V/pJ for pulsed THz excitations have been achieved at the ANKA synchrotron facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Response of the detectors is linear over the whole dynamic range of the IR1 beamline. Combining the picosecond scaled response mechanism of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) to THz excitations with broad-band readout a temporal resolution of 15 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) was reached. Real-time resolution of CSR single shots was observed at ANKA and UVSOR-III, the synchrotron facility of the Institute of Molecular Science in Okazaki, Japan.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME125
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THPME128	Fast Beam Diagnostics for Third-Generation Synchrotrons by Means of Novel Diamond-based Photon BPMs	electron, photon, diagnostics, radiation	3541
	M. Antonelli, G. Cautero, I. Cudin, D.M. Eichert, D. Giuressi, W.H. Jark, E. Karantzoulis, S. Lizzit, R.H. Menk Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy A. De Sio, E. Pace Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy M. Di Fraia Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
	In the past years electron beam stability has been intensively addressed In new-generation Synchrotron Radiation (SR) sources. Many SR machines have been equipped with a Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) based on electron Beam-Position Monitors (eBPMs). Also photon Beam-Position Monitors (pBPMs) are a useful tool for keeping the electron beam under control by simultaneously monitoring position and intensity of the delivered radiation; the machine control system can take advantage of this information in order to improving the electron beam stability. At Elettra, a diagnostic beamline, which utilizes a couple of single-crystal CVD diamond detectors as fast pBPMs, has been built and inserted into a bending-magnet front end. Preliminary tests carried out during normal machine operations show that this system allows to monitor the beam position with sub-micrometric precision at the demanding readout rates required by the FOFB. Therefore, this diagnostic line represents a demonstrator for future implementation of pBPMs at several bending-magnet front ends of Elettra.
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THPME130	Development of New Data-taking System for Beam Loss Monitors of J-PARC MR	feedback, monitoring, operation, extraction	3547
	K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan S.Y. Yoshida Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan
	A new data acquisition system has been developed to improve band-width and dynamic range of the beam loss monitor systems. It consists of isolation current amplifiers with the gain of 1M and the band-width of DC-100kHz, and VME-based 24bit ADCs with the band-width of DC-300kHz and the noise level of 100uV peak to peak. The waveform data of 1MS/s and 1KS/s, and the charge count which is the integrated waveform data are generated and these are compared with alarm levels for the machine protection system. Long-term ground-level stability is essential to monitor residual dose activities. Some beam loss signals include effect of radiations from activated devices, and thus its fractions should be excluded. If the residual dose activities just before the beam injections can be monitored, these fractions would be roughly estimated. Furthermore, on-line monitoring of the residual dose activities after a beam operation will be useful for activation control of the devices at the high level activation area like the collimator and the slow-extraction area. A shot by shot DC offset cancellation is adopted to ensure high ground level stability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME130
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THPME132	Generation and Diagnosis of Ultrashort Electron Bunches from a Photocathode RF Gun Linac	electron, linac, gun, laser	3553
	I. Nozawa, M. Gohdo, K. Kan, T. Kondoh, K. Norizawa, A. Ogata, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida ISIR, Osaka, Japan H. Kobayashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Ultrashort electron bunches are essential for time-resolved measurement methods such as pulse radiolysis* from the viewpoint of time resolutions. On the other hand, generation of electro-magnetic wave in the THz range using short electron bunches has been investigated. Frequency spectra of coherent transition radiation (CTR) emitted by an electron bunch depend on bunch form factor (BFF), which is expressed by Fourier coefficients of longitudinal distribution in the electron bunch. In this study, the bunch length measurement was demonstrated by analyzing THz-waves generated by CTR. Femtosecond electron bunches were generated by a laser photocathode RF gun linac and magnetic bunch compressor. THz-waves generated by CTR, which was emitted on an interface of an aluminum mirror along the beam trajectory, were transported to a Michelson interferometer. The bunch length was measured by analyzing interferogram, which was an infrared detector output as a function of a moving mirror position. Finally, the bunch length was measured according to fitting curves for the interferogram near the centerburst. Minimum bunch length of 1.3 fs was obtained at a bunch charge of ~1 pC. J. Yang et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 556, 52 (2006). K. Kan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 231503 (2011). *A. Murokh et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 410 (1998).
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THPME137	Preliminary Study of Non-invasive Beam Profile Measurements for Proton Beams	electron, proton, gun, ion	3569
	H. He, J.S. Cao, Q.Y. Deng, J.H. Junhui, Y.F. Sui, J. Yue, Y. Zhao IHEP, People's Republic of China J. Chen NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Funding: This work was supported by NSFC under grant NO.11305186 and No.11205172 Two non-invasive beam profile measurement methods were developed for China high intensity proton beams projects, including CSNS and ADS. The first consists in an IPM (ionization beam profile monitor) system which detect the ionized products from a collision of the beam particle with residual gas atoms or molecules present in the vacuum pipe. The second is an electron beam scanner which using a low energy electron beam instead of a metal wire to sweep through the beam. The deflection of electron beam by the collective field of the high intensity beam is measured. The charge density in the high intensity beam can be restored under certain conditions or estimated by various mathematical techniques. Here we present the design parameters of the IPM system, the signal intensity of ionization products, optimization of the electric field, machine designs of electrode, tracking of the ionization products and so on. The principle of the electron beam scanner and the test results which is based on a commercial electron gun from Kimball Physics are also introduced in details.
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THPME159	Double Diffraction Radiation Target Interferometry for Micro-train Beam Diagnostics	target, radiation, electron, diagnostics	3635
	D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn TPU, Tomsk, Russia A.S. Aryshev, J. Urakawa KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by grant of Russian Ministry of Education and Science program “Nauka” number 2.1799.2011. Recently our group starts to investigate a feasibility of double diffraction radiation (DR) target interferometry for non-invasive micro-train beam diagnostics at KEK: LUCX facility. Double DR target consists of two metal plates and one of them can be moved relative to another along the beam trajectory. Micro-train beam is a sequence of short electron bunches with sub-ps spacing. As it was shown* double DR target can be used for such a beam diagnostics measuring DR yield versus plates displacement. The obtained tuning curve (interferogram) allows to determine a number of bunches within the micro-train and spacing between them. In order to design a reliable device for this aim we have to take into account different double DR target interferometer plate’s adjustment inaccuracies. These inaccuracies can be as follows: inaccuracies in the mutual adjustment of plates tilt angles to the beam trajectory, outer plate edge shift along the beam trajectory and other. The influence of the bunch form-factor shape is also considered. We investigated double DR target preparation accuracy requirements in order to minimize measurements uncertainties and increase interferometer resolution. * Skitov D.A. et. al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 517, 012024 (2014).
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THPME162	Filling Pattern Measurements at ALBA using Time Correlated Single Photon Counting	photon, synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation	3644
	L. Torino, U. Iriso CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	At the ALBA synchrotron light source, the filling pattern is measured using a Fast Current Transformer (FCT). Applying a data analysis the filling pattern is measured with a dynamic range in the order of 10², limited by the electronic noise in the device. A new experimental set-up for filling pattern measurements was implemented using the Time Correlated Single Photon Counting. The technique consists in the measurements of the temporal distribution of the produced synchrotron radiation using Electro-Optical devices, from where the filling pattern is inferred. Two different photomultipliers are used to perform the measurement and results are compared. A further comparison between results from the photomultipliers and the FCT is performed to verify the accuracy of the results.
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THPME165	Studies into Beam Loss Patterns at European Spallation Source	simulation, linac, quadrupole, radiation	3650
	M. Jarosz, A. Jansson, L. Tchelidze ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: This project is funded by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485. The linear accelerator of European Spallation Source will produce 5 MW proton beam. Beam of this power will likely generate significant losses along the beamline. To study these losses, a coherent model of the whole machine is being made using custom generator. This model is used to perform Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of the accelerated beam and the losses in the MARS code system. Preliminary simulations utilizing the uniform beam loss distribution were done. More detailed simulations based on the various different loss patterns focused around hot spots in magnets were also performed and their results compared. This confirmed the limit of 0.5 W/m average heat load on accelerating cavities foreseen by the cooling requirements. Additional studies investigated the dose absorbed by fragile cooling system’s elements during the normal operation of the facility defining their radiation resistance to the levels of few kGy/y. Further simulations will also give the information about the expected beam loss detectors signal at possible locations. These data will be further analysed using custom algorithms.
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THPME166	System Overview and Current Status of the ESS Beam Position Monitors	linac, electronics, simulation, quadrupole	3653
	H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden D. Lipka, M. Werner DESY, Hamburg, Germany A. Young SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	It is planned to install more than 140 button BPMs along the ESS linac. The BPMs will be used to measure the beam position and phase in all foreseen beam modes and to provide input to the Machine Interlock System. The phase measurement is mainly intended for cavity tuning and Time-Of-Flight energy measurements. A customized BPM detector based on the European XFEL button style has been designed for the cold linac through a collaboration with DESY. Large buttons with diameters up to 40 mm are foreseen to provide enough S/N ratio not only with the nominal beam, but also with a low-current or a de-bunched beam. A demo MTCA.4 system has been procured and successfully integrated into EPICS. Also, a customized Rear Transition Module for down-mixing the BPM signals will be developed with SLAC. Electronics tests with a BPM test bench are currently going on at ESS. BPM installation in the linac is foreseen for 2017 and afterwards.
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THPME167	Development of Non-invasive Transverse Profile Monitors for the ESS Linac	linac, proton, radiation, photon	3656
	C. Roose, C. Böhme, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden A. Källberg Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. In this way, the ESS will be the world's most powerful neutron source. To measure the proton beams transverse profile at high intensity, the ESS develops two types of non-invasive profile devices. The first monitor is based on luminescence of the residual gas, the second one on ionization of the same gas. The latest developments of these profile monitors will be presented.
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THPME172	Experimental Results from the Characterization of Diamond Particle Detectors with a High Intensity Electron Beam	electron, experiment, radiation, impedance	3671
	F. Burkart, R. Schmidt, O. Stein, D. Wollmann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Griesmayer CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria
	Understanding the sources of ultra-fast failures, with durations of less than 3 LHC turns, is important for a safe operation of the LHC, as only passive protection is possible in these time scales. Diamond particle detectors with bunch-by-bunch resolution and high dynamic range have been successfully used to improve the understanding of some new ultra-fast loss mechanisms discovered in the LHC. To fully exploit their potential, diamond detectors were characterized with a high-intensity electron beam (10⁵ to 1010 electrons per shot). For the first time their efficiency and linearity has been measured in such a wide range of intensities. In this paper the experimental setup will be described and the signals of the different detectors will be discussed. Finally, future applications of these detectors in high-radiation applications will be discussed.
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THPME175	A Beam Gas Vertex Detector for Beam Size Measurement in the LHC	target, injection, simulation, luminosity	3680
	P. Hopchev, V. Baglin, C. Barschel, E. Bravin, G. Bregliozzi, N. Chritin, B. Dehning, M. Ferro-Luzzi, C. Gaspar, M. Giovannozzi, R. Jacobsson, L.K. Jensen, O.R. Jones, N.J. Jurado, V. Kain, M. Kuhn, B. Luthi, P. Magagnin, R. Matev, N. Neufeld, J. Panman, M.N. Rihl, V. Salustino Guimaraes, B. Salvant, R. Veness, E. van Herwijnen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Bay, F. Blanc, S. Gianì, G.J. Haefeli, T. Nakada, B. Rakotomiaramanana, O. Schneider, M. Tobin, Q.D. Veyrat, Z. Xu EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland R. Greim, W. Karpinski, T. Kirn, S. Schael, G. Schwering, M. Wlochal, A. von Dratzig RWTH, Aachen, Germany R. Matev Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, Sofia, Bulgaria
	The Beam Gas Vertex (BGV) detector is foreseen as a possible non-invasive beam size measurement instrument for the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. This technique is based on the reconstruction of beam gas interaction vertices, where the charged particles produced in inelastic beam gas interactions are measured with high-precision tracking detectors. The design studies and expected performance of the currently developed BGV prototype will be presented with an overview given of the associated vacuum, detector, and readout systems. A brief description will be given of the BGV Monte Carlo simulation application, which is based on the LHCb computing framework (Gaudi) and allows simulation studies to be performed and online event reconstruction algorithms to be developed.
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THPME177	A Novel Approach to Synchrotron Radiation Simulation	simulation, injection, radiation, synchrotron	3687
	G. Trad, E. Bravin, A. Goldblatt, S. Mazzoni, F. Roncarolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Trad LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, synchrotron radiation (SR) is used to continuously monitor the transverse properties of the beams. Unfortunately the machine and beam parameters are such that the useful radiation emitted inside a separation dipole, chosen as source, is diffraction limited affecting heavily the accuracy of the measurement. In order to deconvolve the diffraction effects from the acquired beam images and in order to design an alternative monitor based on a double slit interferometer an extensive study of the synchrotron light source and of the optical propagation has been made. This study is based on simulations combining together several existing tools: SRW for the source, ZEMAX for the transport and MATLAB for the "glue" and analysis of the results. The resulting tool is very powerful and can be easily adapted to other synchrotron radiation problems. In this paper the simulation package and the way it is used will be described as well as the results obtained for the LHC and SPS cases.
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THPME183	Longitudinal Beam Profile Measurements of the Microbunching Instability	radiation, experiment, lattice, synchrotron	3706
	W. Shields, A. Finn, P. Karataev JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin, G. Rehm DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The microbunching instability is a phenomenon characterized by the onset of radiation bursts above a threshold bunch current. These bursts consist of coherent emissions with wavelengths comparable to the bunch length and shorter. The instability has recently been observed at Diamond Light Source, a 3rd generation synchrotron. The operating conditions for triggering the instability at Diamond Light Source are well known, however measuring the spectral content of the resulting emissions is a more challenging investigation. A Michelson interferometer has been installed with the aim of recording the coherent spectrum from the bunches, using ultra-fast response Schottky Barrier Diode detectors. The longitudinal profile of the bunches can be estimated with subsequent analysis.
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THPME185	Design and First Operation of a Silicon-based Non–invasive Beam Monitor	proton, experiment, operation, electronics	3712
	T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, K.P. Hennessy, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom T.J. Jones STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A. Kacperek, B. Marsland, I. Taylor, A. Wray The Douglas Cyclotron, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
	Funding: Work supported by the EU under contract PITN-GA-2008-215080 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1. Non–invasive, highly accurate and reliable beam monitors are a desired aim of any beam diagnostics design. Knowledge of beam parameters is essential in fundamental research, industry or medical applications with varying demands. It is critical for the optimization of ion beams used for cancer treatment. Ocular tumor treatment at the Clatterbridge Cancer Center (CCC) uses a 60 MeV proton beam. Disturbances introduced to a beam by intercepting devices risk affecting its energy and energy spread, thereby limiting its effectiveness for treatment. The advantageous semi-circular structure of the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector has been investigated in the QUASAR Group. It is an interesting option for a non-invasive online beam monitor relying on beam ‘halo’ measurements without disturbing the part of the beam used for treatment. This contribution discusses the measurement method, setup design and integration within the CCC treatment beam line.
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THPME190	A Fibre Coupled, Low Power Laserwire Emittance Scanner at CERN LINAC4	laser, emittance, linac, background	3725
	S.M. Gibson, G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, K.O. Kruchinin Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom T. Hofmann, F. Roncarolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The new LINAC4 will accelerate H⁻ ions to 160 MeV and ultimately replace the existing 50 MeV LINAC2 in the injector chain for the LHC upgrade. During commissioning in 2013, a laserwire scanner and diamond strip detector were installed for non-invasive emittance measurements of the 3 MeV H⁻ beam. Synergy with the 3 MeV H⁻ Front End Test Stand at RAL, has stimulated collaborative development of a novel laserwire system. A low peak power (8kW) pulsed laser is fibre-coupled for remote installation and alignment free operation. Motorized focusing optics enable remote control of the thickness and position of the laserwire delivered to the vacuum chamber, in which the laser light neutralises a small fraction of H⁻ ions. Undeflected by a dipole magnet, these H atoms drift downstream, where their spatial profile is recorded by a highly sensitive diamond strip detector with ns-time resolution. We present first tests of the laserwire emittance scanner, including measurements of the photo detachment signal with respect to the background from residual gas interactions. The first laserwire transverse beam profile and emittance measurements are compared with conventional slit-grid diagnostics.
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THPME191	Simulation Results of the FETS Laserwire Emittance Scanner	laser, ion, emittance, simulation	3729
	K.O. Kruchinin, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, P. Karataev Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom D.C. Faircloth STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S.R. Lawrie STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J.K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) has been developed to demonstrate a high current (60 mA) H⁻ beam with the energy of 3 MeV that will be required for future proton drivers. At such high power beam machine a non-invasive diagnostics is required. To measure the emittance of the ion beam a laserwire scanner is being developed. A high power laser will scan across the H⁻ ion beam. The H⁻ particles will be neutralized via a photo-detachment process producing a stream of fast neutral hydrogen atoms bearing information about the phase space distribution of the initial H⁻ beam. To design an effective detection system and optimize its parameters a simulation of the processes at the interaction point is required. We present recent simulation results of theц FETS laserwire system. Simulations were performed using measured data of the laser propagation and ion beam distribution, obtained with General Particle Tracer code.
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THPME196	Low Energy Coded Aperture Performance at the CesrTA x-Ray Beam Size Monitor	electron, synchrotron, photon, operation	3741
	D.P. Peterson, J.P. Alexander, A. Chatterjee, M. P. Ehrlichman, B.K. Heltsley, A. Lyndaker, N.T. Rider, D. L. Rubin, R.D. Seeley, J.P. Shanks Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA J.W. Flanagan KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: U.S. National Science Foundation PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, PHYS-1068662, U.S. Department of Energy DE-FC02-08ER41538, DE-SC0006505 We report on the design and performance of coded aperture optics elements in the CesrTA x-ray beam size monitor (xBSM). Resolution must be sufficient to allow single-turn measurements of vertical beam sizes of order 10um by imaging synchrotron radiation photons onto a one-dimensional photodiode array. Measurements with beam energies above 2.1GeV and current above 0.1mA can be performed with a single-slit (pinhole) optic. At lower energy or current, small beam size measurements are limited by the diffractive width of a pinhole image and counting statistics. A coded aperture is a multi-slit mask that can improve on the resolution of a pinhole in two ways: higher average transparency improves counting statistics; and the slit pattern and masking transparency can be designed to obtain a diffractive image with narrower features. We have previously implemented coded apertures that are uniform redundant arrays (URA). A new coded aperture design is optimized for imaging with 1.8 GeV beam energy (1.9keV average x-ray energy) and with beam sizes below 20um. Resolution measurements were made in December 2013. Performance of the new coded aperture is compared to the pinhole and the URA.
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THPRI002	DAΦNE General Consolidation and Upgrade	controls, vacuum, linac, quadrupole	3760
	C. Milardi, D. Alesini, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, A. De Santis, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, O. Frasciello, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, F. Iungo, C. Ligi, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, M. Zobov INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy R. Gargana, A. Michelotti Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy
	In the first six months of 2013 the KLOE detector has been upgraded inserting new detector layers in the inner part of the apparatus, around the interaction region. The long shutdown has been used to undertake a general consolidation program aimed at improving the Φ-Factory operation stability and reliability and, in turn, the collider uptime. In this context several systems have been revised and upgraded, new diagnostic elements have been installed, some critical components have been modified and the interaction region mechanical support structure design has been developed to improve its mechanical stability and to deal with the weight added by the new detector layers.
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THPRI015	DAΦNE Transfer Line for KLOE-2 Physics Run	injection, controls, linac, electron	3797
	A. De Santis, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, P. Ciuffetti, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, A. Ghigo, C. Milardi, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, M. Serio, A. Stecchi, A. Stella INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy A. Michelotti Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy
	The transfer lines of the DAΦNE accelerator complex have been revised and optimized in view of the forthcoming KLOE-2 physics run. The transfer lines consolidation activities involved low level systems, diagnostics tools and control system hardware modifications for the magnetic element switching polarity during the injection procedure. Transfer lines optics has been reviewed and optimized as well by a systematic study based on a MAD-X model. The work done determined a substantial improvement in the transfer lines stability and reproducibility, speeded up the injection procedure with a considerable reduction on the background hitting the experimental detector during the beam injection process.
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FRYCA01	Options and Prospects for the Future of Accelerator-based High-energy Physics	collider, coupling, proton, luminosity	4079
	F. Gianotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Recent results from the LHC and other facilities have significantly impacted the landscape of particle physics. This talk summarises the main outstanding questions in high-energy physics and the strategy to address them. Options for future accelerator facilities and their motivations are discussed.
	Slides FRYCA01 [16.139 MB]
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Paper

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MOPRO005

Progress on the Interaction Region Design and Detector Integration at JLab’s MEIC

electron, ion, collider, focusing

71

V.S. Morozov, P.D. Brindza, A. Camsonne, Y.S. Derbenev, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, F. Lin, P. Nadel-Turonski, M. Ungaro, Y. Zhang, Z.W. Zhao
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
C. Hyde, K. Park
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
M.K. Sullivan
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Z.W. Zhao
UVa, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
One of the unique features of JLab's Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) is a full-acceptance detector with a dedicated, small-angle, high-resolution detection system, capable of covering a wide range of momenta (and charge-to-mass ratios) with respect to the original ion beam to enable access to new physics. We present an interaction region design developed with close integration of the detection and beam dynamical aspects. The dynamical aspect of the design rests on a symmetry-based concept for compensation of non-linear effects. The optics and geometry have been optimized to accommodate the detection requirements and to ensure the interaction region's modularity for ease of integration into the collider ring lattices. As a result, the design offers an excellent detector performance combined with the necessary provisions for non-linear dynamical optimization.

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MOPRO020

FLUKA Simulation of Particle Fluences to ALICE due to LHC Injection Kicker Failures

injection, simulation, kicker, high-voltage

109

N.V. Shetty, C. Bracco, A. Di Mauro, A. Lechner, E. Leogrande, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The counter-rotating beams of the LHC are injected in insertion regions which also accommodate the ALICE and LHCb experiments. An assembly of beam absorbers ensures the protection of machine elements in case of injection kicker failures, which can affect either the injected or the stored beam. In the first years of LHC operation, secondary particle showers due to beam impact on the injection beam stopper caused damage to the MOS injectors of the ALICE silicon drift detector as well as high-voltage trips in other ALICE subdetectors. In this study, we present FLUKA simulations of particle fluences to the ALICE cavern for injection failures encountered during operation. Two different cases are reported, one where the miskicked beam is fully intercepted and one where the beam grazes the beam stopper.

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MOPRO045

Beam Delivery Simulation: BDSIM - Development & Optimisation

simulation, lattice, collider, background

182

L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, H. Garcia, S.M. Gibson, R. Kwee-Hinzmann, J. Snuverink
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
L.C. Deacon
UCL, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by FP7 HiLumi LHC - grant agreement 284404.
Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a Geant4 and C++ based particle tracking code that seamlessly tracks particles through accelerators and detectors, including the full range of particle interaction physics processes from Geant4. BDSIM has been successfully used to model beam loss and background conditions for many current and future linear accelerators such as the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) and the International Linear Collider (ILC). Current developments extend its application for use with storage rings, in particular for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC). This paper presents the latest results from using BDSIM to model the LHC as well as the developments underway to improve performance.

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MOPRO062

Investigating Polarisation and Shape of Beam Microwave Signals at the ANKA Storage Ring

radiation, synchrotron, synchrotron-radiation, polarization

4090

J. Schwarzkopf, M. Brosi, C. Chang, E. Hertle, V. Judin, B. Kehrer, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, M. Schwarz, P. Schönfeldt, P. Schütze, J.L. Steinmann
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
F. Caspers
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

At the ANKA synchrotron radiation facility measurements in the microwave range (~10 to 12 GHz) employing a LNB (Low Noise Block), which is the receiving part of a Satellite-TV system, have been carried out. Experiments showed that the observed signal depends on the length of the electron bunches. Furthermore the temporal shape of the microwave signal depends on the detector's position along the accelerator. Due the LNB antenna's sensitivity to polarisation it was also possible to measure the polarisation along the several ns long signal, revealing polarised and non-polarised regions. This paper describes the experimental setup and summarises the observations of the systematic studies performed with the LNB system.

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MOPRO063

Studies of Bursting CSR in Multi-bunch Operation at the ANKA Storage Ring

radiation, storage-ring, synchrotron, operation

225

V. Judin, M. Brosi, C.M. Caselle, E. Hertle, N. Hiller, A. Kopmann, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, N.J. Smale, J.L. Steinmann, M. Weber
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

The ANKA storage ring can generate brilliant coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the THz range due to a dedi- cated low-αc -optics with reduced bunch lengths. At higher electron currents the radiation is not stable, but occurs in powerful bursts caused by micro-bunching instabilities. This intense THz radiation is very attractive for users. However, the reproducibility of the experimental conditions is very low due to those power fluctuations. Systematic studies of bursting CSR in multi-bunch operation were performed with fast THz detectors at ANKA using a dedicated, ultra-fast DAQ-FPGA board. The technique and preliminary results of these studies are presented in this paper.

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MOPRI029

Spectrometer for Laser-pulsed Electrons from Field Emission Cathodes

electron, cathode, laser, controls

655

S. Mingels, B. Bornmann, D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht, G. Müller, V. Porshyn
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Project number: 05K13PX2.
In order to develop highly brilliant, pulsed electron sources based on photo-induced field emission (PFE), which combines advantages of photo and field emission (FE), a new measurement system was constructed at BUW*. In an UHV system the electrons are extracted from a cold cathode by a mesh electrode under pulsed laser illumination (3.5 ns, 10 Hz, 0.5 – 5.9 eV, > 0.3 mJ) and so far analyzed by a CW-spectrometer. Quantum efficiency investigations of flat metal (Au, Ag of different surface orientations) and semiconductor crystals (n- and p-Si**, GaN) yielded the expected work functions and revealed first hints for PFE effects. However, the kinetic energy of the electrons could not be measured with the CW-spectrometer. In addition, the achievable electric field (< 20 MV/m) was limited by parasitic FE. Hence, the system is presently upgraded with a spectrometer (resolution < 3 meV) that can handle electron pulses and a dust reduced environment is installed at the load lock. First results acquired with the upgraded apparatus on PFE cathodes will be presented at the conference.
* B. Bornmann et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 013302 (2012).
** S. Mingels et al., Proc. FEL2013, New York, USA, p. 339.

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MOPRI046

The Evolution of the Transverse Energy Distribution of Electrons from a GaAs Photocathode as a Function of its Degradation State

electron, cathode, laser, brightness

707

L.B. Jones, B.L. Militsyn, T.C.Q. Noakes
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H.E. Scheibler, A.S. Terekhov
ISP, Novosibirsk, Russia

The brightness of a photoelectron injector is fundamentally limited by the mean longitudinal and transverse energy distributions of the photoelectrons emitted from its photocathode, and the electron beam brightness is increased significantly if the mean values of these quantities are reduced. ASTeC have commissioned a Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS – an experimental facility designed to measure these transverse and longitudinal energy distributions) which can be used for III-V semiconductor, alkali antimonide/telluride and metal photocathode research*. GaAs photocathodes were activated in our photocathode preparation facility (PPF)**, then transferred to TESS under XHV conditions and progressively degraded through controlled exposure to oxygen. We present commissioning data and initial measurements showing the evolution of the transverse energy distribution of electrons from GaAs photocathodes as a function of their degradation state.
* Proc. FEL ’13, TUPPS033, 290-293
** Proc. IPAC ’11, THPC129, 3185-3187

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TUOBA03

Recent Beam-beam Effects and Luminosity at VEPP-2000

luminosity, collider, positron, electron

924

D.B. Shwartz, D.E. Berkaev, A.S. Kasaev, I. Koop, A.N. Kyrpotin, A.P. Lysenko, E. Perevedentsev, V.P. Prosvetov, Yu. A. Rogovsky, A.L. Romanov, A.I. Senchenko, P.Yu. Shatunov, Y.M. Shatunov, I.M. Zemlyansky, Yu.M. Zharinov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Work is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, grant N 14.518.11.7003
VEPP-2000's last season was dedicated to the energy range of 160-520 MeV per beam. The application of round colliding beams concept along with the accurate orbit and lattice correction yielded the high peak luminosity of 1.2*10³¹ cm^-2s⁻¹ at 500 MeV with average luminosity of 0.9*10³¹ cm^-2s⁻¹ per run. The total beam-beam tune shift up to 0.174 was achieved in the runs at 392.5 MeV. This corresponds to beam-beam parameter ksi = 0.125 per one interaction point. The injection system is currently being upgraded to allow for the injection at the top energy of VEPP-2000 collider and to eliminate the present lack of positrons.

Slides TUOBA03 [4.475 MB]

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TUPRO021

Preliminary Study of Risks and Failure Scenarios for the High Luminosity Experiments in HL-LHC

luminosity, simulation, cavity, experiment

1055

F. Bouly
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
R. Alemany-Fernández, H. Burkhardt, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Yee-Rendón
CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico

For the HL-LHC it is planned to basically double the diameter of the triplet quadruple magnets around the high luminosity insertions of the LHC. The high luminosity experiments ATLAS and CMS would like to keep a small central chamber radius close the interaction point. In the context of collider-experiment studies for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC, we present a first study of the possible consequences of these changes for the experimental running conditions based on detailed simulations with tracking. We have started to implement crab cavity failures and discuss first results from these simulations.

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TUPRO027

First Beam Background Simulation Studies at IR1 for High Luminosity LHC

simulation, background, proton, luminosity

1074

R. Kwee-Hinzmann, S.M. Gibson
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
G. Bregliozzi, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, R. Kersevan, A. Lechner, N.V. Shetty
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S.M. Gibson
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom

In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project, the LHC will be significantly upgraded to attain a peak luminosity of up to 8.5 × 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1, thus almost an order of magnitude higher compared to the nominal machine configuration in ATLAS at IP1 and CMS at IP5. In the view of a successful machine setup as well as a successful physics programme, beam induced background studies at IP1 were performed to investigate sources of particle fluxes to the experimental area. In particular as a start of the study, two sources forming the major contributions were simulated in detail: the first one considers inelastic interactions from beam particles hitting tertiary collimators, the second one from beam interactions with residual gas-molecules in the vacuum pipe close by the experiment, referred to as beam-halo and local beam-gas, respectively. We will present these first HL-LHC background studies based on SixTrack and FLUKA simulations, highlighting the simulation setup for the design case in the HL-LHC scenario. Results of particle spectra entering the ATLAS detector region are presented for the latest study version of HL-LHC machine layout (2013).

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TUPRO029

Reducing Backgrounds in the Higgs Factory Muon Collider Detector

background, electron, photon, neutron

1081

S.I. Striganov, N.V. Mokhov, I.S. Tropin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Muon Accelerator Program (MAP).
A preliminary design of the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) has identified an enormous background loads on the HF detector. This is related to the twelve times higher muon decay probability at HF compared to that previously studied for the 1.5-TeV MC. As a result of MARS15 optimization studies, it is shown that with a carefully designed protection system in the interaction region, in the machine-detector interface and inside the detector one can reduce the background rates to a manageable level similar to that achieved for the optimized 1.5-TeV case. The main characteristics of the HF detector background are presented for the configuration found.

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TUPRO030

Mitigating Radiation Impact on Superconducting Magnets of the Higgs Factory Muon Collider

collider, radiation, dipole, factory

1084

N.V. Mokhov, Y.I. Alexahin, V.V. Kashikhin, S.I. Striganov, I.S. Tropin, A.V. Zlobin
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Muon Accelerator Program (MAP).
Recent discovery of a Higgs boson boosted interest in a low-energy medium-luminosity Muon Collider as a Higgs Factory (HF). A preliminary design of the HF storage ring (SR) is based on cos-theta Nb3Sn superconducting (SC) magnets with the coil inner diameter ranging from 50 cm in the interaction region to 16 cm in the arc. The coil cross-sections were chosen based on the operation margin, field quality and quench protection considerations to provide an adequate space for the beam pipe, helium channel and inner absorber (liner). With the 62.5-GeV muon energy and 2×10¹² muons per bunch, the electrons from muon decays deposit about 300 kW in the SC magnets, or unprecedented 1 kW/m dynamic heat load, which corresponds to a multi-MW room temperature equivalent. Based on the detailed MARS15 model built and intense simulations, a sophisticated protection system was designed for the entire SR to bring the peak power density in the SC coils safely below the quench limit and reduce the dynamic heat load to the cold mass by a factor of 100. The system consists of tight tungsten masks in the magnet interconnect regions and elliptical tungsten liners optimized for each magnet.

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TUPRO073

RFFAG Decay Ring for nuSTORM

proton, injection, factory, target

1208

J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
Y. Mori
Kyoto University, Research Reactor Institute, Osaka, Japan

The nuSTORM facility aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a racetrack ring. Design of racetrack FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) decay ring for nuSTORM project is presented in this paper.

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TUPME044

Planned High-brightness Channeling Radiation Experiment at Fermilab's Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator

electron, experiment, radiation, photon

1457

B.R. Blomberg, D. Mihalcea, H. Panuganti, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
C.A. Brau, B.K. Choi, W.E. Gabella, B.L. Ivanov, M.H. Mendenhall
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
C.W. Lynn
Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA
P. Piot, T. Sen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
W.S. Wagner
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the DARPA Axis program under contract AXIS N66001-11-1-4196
In this contribution we describe the technical details and experimental setup of our study aimed at producing high-brightness channeling radiation (CR) at Fermilab’s new user facility the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA). In the ASTA photoinjector area electrons are accelerated up to 40-MeV and focused to a sub-micron spot on a ~40 micron thick carbon diamond, the electrons channel through the crystal and emit CR up to 80-KeV. Our study utilizes ASTA’s long pulse train capabilities and ability to preserve ultra-low emittance, to produce the desired high average brightness.

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TUPME045

Development of a High-Energy Short-pulse 5-μm Parametric Source for Dielectric Laser Acceleration

laser, acceleration, operation, optics

1460

G. Xu, I. Jovanovic, S.F. Wandel
Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

A compact, high-peak-power 5-μm laser source with pulse duration of sub-100 fs has been designed and being constructed for pumping a dielectric photonic structure to produce an acceleration gradient of order GV/m in dielectric laser acceleration. Breakdown of dielectric structure induced by multiphoton ionization can be mitigated by adopting long wavelength driver laser. Since the dielectric structure scales with the laser wavelength, fabrication tolerances for dielectric structure are relaxed as well. The 5-μm laser source is based on two cascaded optical parametric amplifiers (OPA): a 2-μm BBO OPA with a mixed phase matching scheme is used as a pump source, and a type-I phase-matched ZGP OPA is designed to produce sub-mJ, <100 fs 5-μm laser pulses. The two-stage 2-μm OPA is pumped by a Ti:sapphire amplifier and produces pulse energy of ~2.2 mJ with a pulse duration of 42 fs (~6 optical cycles), and excellent pulse stability and beam quality. Preliminary result of ~50 μJ pulse energy at 5-μm is demonstrated by using single-stage ZGP OPA, and an improved two-stage OPA scheme for production of higher pulse energy at 5-μm is under development.

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TUPRI001

ESSnuSB: A New Facility Concept for the Production of Very Intense Neutrino Beams in Europe

proton, linac, target, simulation

1550

E. Bouquerel, E. Baussan, M. Dracos, F.R. Osswald, P. Poussot, N. Vassilopoulos
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

A new project for the production of a very intense neutrino beam has arisen to enable the discovery of leptonic CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy. This facility will use the proton linac of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund to deliver the neutrino super beam. The ESS linac is expected to be fully operational at 5 MW power by 2022, producing 2 GeV and 2.86 ms long proton pulses at a rate of 14 Hz. An upgrade of the power to 10 MW and a frequency of 28 Hz, in which half is for the neutron beam, is necessary for the production of the neutrino beam. The primary proton beam-line completing the linac will consist of switchyards and accumulator rings. The secondary beam-line producing neutrinos will consist of a four-horn/target station, decay tunnel and beam dump. A megaton scale water Cherenkov detector will be located at a baseline of about 500 km in one of the existing mines in Sweden and it will measure the neutrino oscillations. The elements of the primary and secondary beam-lines and all the possible scenarios impacting the design of the ESSnuSB facility as well as the safety issues due to the high irradiation produced are presented and discussed in this paper.

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TUPRI002

The EUROnu Study for Future High Power Neutrino Oscillation Facilities

target, factory, proton, linac

1553

T.R. Edgecock
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The EUROnu project was a 4 year FP7 design study to investigate and compare three possible options for future, high power neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. These three facilities are a Neutrino Factory, a neutrino superbeam from CERN to the Frejus Laboratory and a so-called Beta Beam. The study was completed at the end of 2012 and has produced conceptual designs for the facilities and preliminary cost estimates. The designs were used to determine the physics performance. These have been used to compare the facilities. This paper will describe the designs, physics performance and costs and summarise the recommendations of the study.

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TUPRI004

The Design and Implementation of The Radiation Monitors for the Protection of the MICE Tracker Detectors

radiation, experiment, emittance, electron

1559

M.A. Uchida, C. Hunt, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

A radiation monitor will be required for the Muon Ionisation Cooling experiment (MICE) beyond Step IV, when the RF cavities are installed. The role of the radiation monitors will be to protect the particle tracking detectors (Trackers) from dangerous levels of RF dark currents and the as- sociated photon fluxes that could potentially be produced in the RF cavities. If such levels of radiation should occur the radiation monitor will ensure that the radiation shields (shutters) are closed thereby protecting the Tracker modules. The radiation monitor will be positioned on these radiation shields and will monitor x-rays, gamma-rays and electrons up to a few MeV. It is expected that the spectrum will peak at very low energies, since the peak voltage across the cavities is 8 MV/m and so the maximum energy that an electron could gain is 12 MeV (maximally accelerated from all four RF cavities). The design, positioning and expected sensitivity of the radiation monitors will be described here along with their readout and inclusion into the MICE interlocking systems. The schedule for the work and progress so far will also be presented.

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TUPRI013

Dynamic Aperture Studies of the nuSTORM FFAG Ring

lattice, dynamic-aperture, closed-orbit, factory

1574

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
J.-B. Lagrange, J. Pasternak
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
FFAG rings with a racetrack configuration are very promising as their flexible design allow for dedicated spaces for injection/extraction, RF cavities etc. A racetrack FFAG is considered as an option for the nuSTORM facility, which aims to deliver neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons stored in a ring with long sections pointing towards detectors. In this paper we discuss the definition of dynamic aperture in these machines and use the PyZgoubi framework to compute the many turn motion in the nuSTORM ring. The roles of machine imperfections and symmetry are discussed.

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TUPRI034

Numerical Modeling for CesrTA Measurements of Electron Cloud Buildup in a Quadrupole Magnet

electron, vacuum, quadrupole, positron

1632

J.A. Crittenden, M.G. Billing, W. Hartung, C. Shill, J.P. Sikora, K.G. Sonnad
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation contracts PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, and the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-FC02-08ER41538
We describe a numerical model for measurements of the formation of long-lived electron clouds in a quadrupole magnet in the CESR storage ring. The shielded stripline detector measures the electron flux incident on the vacuum chamber wall directly in front of one of the poles of the magnet. The model includes photo-electron production by synchrotron radiation, electrostatic forces from the bunched positron beam and the cloud, macroparticle tracking in the field of the quadrupole, secondary electron emission from the 9.5-cm-diameter cylindrical stainless steel beam-pipe and an analytic calculation of the transmission function of the holes in the vacuum chamber which allow cloud electrons to reach the stripline collector. These modeling studies provide a quantitative understanding of the trapping mechanism which results in cloud electrons surviving the 2.3-microsecond time interval prior to the return of a train of positron bunches. These studies have been performed in the context of the CESR Test Accelerator program, which aims to quantify and mitigate performance limitations on future low-emittance storage and damping rings.

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TUPRI079

Test Results of the Libera Sync 3 CW Reference Clock Transfer System

controls, FEL, operation, instrumentation

1751

P. Orel, E. Janezic, P.L. Lemut, S. Zorzut
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
S. Hunziker, V. Schlott
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The new Libera Sync 3 CW reference clock transfer system has been specifically designed to meet the strict requirements of the latest fourth generation light sources, such as the Swiss FEL. The system has been co-developed with the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). It has been produced and tested at Instrumentation Technologies (I-Tech) and later installed at PSI. In this article we give a general overview of the system and its functionalities. We also present a brief overview of the supporting products that have been developed in order to enable testing at the level of performance discussed. Finally, we focus on presenting some of the test results obtained at I-Tech and PSI showing the performance capabilities and limitations of the system.

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TUPRI097

Radiation Protection Concepts for the Beamline for Detector Tests at ELSA

radiation, electron, simulation, neutron

1799

N. Heurich, F. Frommberger, P. Hänisch, W. Hillert
ELSA, Bonn, Germany

At the electron accelerator ELSA, a new external beamline is under construction, whose task is to provide a primary electron beam for detector tests. In the future the accelerator facility will not only be offering an electron beam to the currently implemented photoproduction experiments for hadron physics, but to the new "‘research and technology center detector physics"',whose task is to develop detectors for particle and astroparticle physics. To dump and simultaneously measure the current of the electron beam behind the detector components a Faraday cup consisting of depleted uranium is used. The residual radiation leaving the cup is absorbed in a concrete casing. The radiation protection concept for the entire area of the new beamline was designed with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation program Fluka. In addition the concrete casing, radiation protection walls were taken into account to allow a safe working environment in the room created by the shielding walls. The presentation gives an overview of the different radiation protection concepts for the new beamline for detector tests at ELSA. Furthermore, progresses at the beamline will be reported.

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TUPRI100

Present Status of the Cherenkov Beam Loss Monitor at SACLA

electron, undulator, status, laser

1808

T. Itoga
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan
Y. Asano
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan

Since 2011, high power lasers have been delivered stably to the users at SACLA, the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free electron laser, and the upgrades have been performing to obtain the high quality of the laser continuously. Optical fiber based Cherenkov beam loss monitors have been successfully operated from the commissioning phase. This monitor covers the undulator section of beam lines and the electron beam transporting tunnel from SACLA to SPring-8. This monitor is made good use of not only beam transport but also detection of the small beam loss such as electron halos hitting the magnets of undulator. In this presentation, we will report the present status of the Cherenkov beam loss monitor and its usage experience.

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TUPRI101

Measurement of Neutrons Generated by 345MeV/u U-238 Beam at RIKEN RIBF

neutron, target, simulation, photon

1811

N. Nakao
Shimizu Corporation, Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
K. Tanaka, Y. Uwamino
RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan

Neutrons generated by a 345 MeV/u uranium beam bombardment on a 3-mm-thick Be target were measured outside the target chamber using activation detectors of bismuth, aluminum and carbon at 60, 70 and 90 degrees from the beam axis. After a few days irradiation, the activation detectors were removed, and the energy spectra of photons from radionuclides generated by reactions of 209Bi(n, xn)210-xBi(x=4~10), 12C(n, 2n)11C and 27Al(n, alpha)24Na were measured using a germanium detector. Photo peak counts of corresponding photon energies were analyzed with considering detector efficiencies and a beam intensity fluctuation during the irradiation. The production rates of the radionuclides were obtained for all reactions. Monte Carlo simulation using the PHITS code was also performed. Fluxes of neutrons at the activation detectors were tallied and the energy spectra were obtained. Production rates of the radionuclides were obtained by folding the thus obtained energy spectra with activation cross section data. Comparisons with the measurements showed agreements within about 60%.

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WEOCA01

Construction Status of SuperKEKB

dynamic-aperture, controls, cavity, damping

1877

N. Ohuchi, K. Akai, H. Koiso
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

SuperKEKB consists of 7 GeV electron and 4 GeV positron rings (HER and LER), a newly built positron damping ring and an injector linac. The target luminosity is 8x10³⁵ cm^-2s^-1, which is 40 times higher than that achieved at KEKB. Construction of SuperKEKB is progressing on schedule, and beam commissioning is scheduled in 2015. Fabrication, treatment and installation of vacuum components, magnets and power supplies, and beam diagnostic and feedback systems are ongoing. Improvement of RF system and strengthening of cooling system for magnets and beam pipes are also underway. Detailed design of the interaction region has been finalized, and final focus superconducting magnets are under production. The damping ring tunnel and buildings has been completed, and installation of the accelerator components started. The upgrade of the injector linac is also progressing. This paper describes construction status of SuperKEKB main rings and the damping ring as well as recent design progress.

Slides WEOCA01 [6.360 MB]

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WEOCA03

DAΦNE Operation with the Upgraded KLOE-2 Detector

luminosity, operation, collider, coupling

1883

C. Milardi, D. Alesini, M.E. Biagini, M. Boscolo, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, A. De Santis, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, O. Frasciello, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, F. Guatieri, S. Guiducci, F. Iungo, C. Ligi, G. Mazzitelli, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, M. Serio, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, M. Zobov
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
R. Gargana, A. Michelotti
Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy
D.N. Shatilov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
M. Tobiyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The DAΦNE collider has been successfully commissioned after the experimental detector modification and a major upgrade and consolidation program involving a large part of the accelerator complex. This paper presents the Φ-Factory setup and the achieved performances in terms of beam currents, luminosity, detector background and related aspects.

Slides WEOCA03 [2.424 MB]

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WEIB02

RF Sub-Systems for Cargo and Vehicle Inspection

linac, photon, vacuum, scattering

1917

D.J. Mistry, T.A. Cross, C.R. Weatherup
e2v, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom

X-ray screening for security is a well-established inspection technique. Whilst in terms of fielded systems the vast majority consist of low energy X-ray sources, typically used for hand baggage or mail screening. There is a smaller but high value niche market servicing the requirements for border security, and cargo and vehicle inspection (CVI). This latter application requires higher X-ray energies of up to 10 MeV using an electron linear accelerator (linac) source to penetrate fully loaded shipping containers. Increasingly, methods are required to improve throughput and provide a higher level of material discrimination during inspection. This paper will briefly review the elements required to make an effective X-ray source, whilst outlining the RF technology required to drive a linac-based X-ray security system. Following this, potential new developments in radiofrequency (RF) sub-systems will be discussed in the context of user benefits.
Abstract redrafted 10.6.14
Original abstract: redrafted 6.12.13. 'The purpose of this presentation is to provide an understanding of global industry security systems and the role of accelerators…'

Slides WEIB02 [5.892 MB]

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WEPRO002

Studies of Ultrashort THz Pulses at DELTA

electron, laser, radiation, simulation

1936

P. Ungelenk, L.-G. Böttger, S. Hilbrich, H. Huck, M. Huck, M. Höner, S. Khan, C. Mai, A. Meyer auf der Heide, R. Molo, H. Rast, A. Schick
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
S. Bielawski, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
N. Hiller, V. Judin, J. Raasch, P. Thoma
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the DFG, the BMBF, and the state of NRW.
At DELTA, a 1.5-GeV electron storage ring operated as a light source by the Center for Synchrotron Radiation at the TU Dortmund University, coherent ultrashort THz pulses are routinely generated by density-modulated electron bunches. Tracking simulations as well as experimental studies using ultrafast THz detectors and an FT-IR spectrometer aim at understanding the turn-by-turn evolution of the density modulation after an initial laser-electron interaction. Furthermore, intensity-modulated laser pulses are applied to create narrow-band THz radiation. This setup is part of the new short-pulse facility based on coherent harmonic generation.

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WEPRO004

Status of Laser Compton Scattered Gamma-ray Source at JAEA 150-MeV Microtron

laser, radiation, microtron, electron

1943

R. Hajima
JAEA/ERL, Ibaraki, Japan
I. Daito, H. Negm, H. Ohgaki
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
M. Ferdows, T. Hayakawa, M. Kando, T. Shizuma
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Funding: This work is supported by Funds for Integrated Promotion of Social System Reform and Research and Development.
We have developed a laser Compton scattered gamma-ray source based on a 150-MeV racetrack microtron at Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The microtron equipped with a photocathode RF gun accelerates a single bunch of electrons to collide with a laser pulse from a Nd:YAG laser. Such gamma-ray source realizes industrial application of nuclear material detection in a ship cargo, which is one of the urgent requests of international nuclear security. Recent status of gamma-ray generation experiments and design study of a practical machine is presented.

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WEPRO086

Experimental Activity in the ENEA-Frascati Irradiation Facility with 3-7 MeV Protons

proton, experiment, DTL, linac

2156

M. Vadrucci, A. Ampollini, F. Bonfigli, M.C. Carpanese, F. Marracino, R.M. Montereali, P. Nenzi, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, M.A. Vincenti
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
F. Ambrosini
URLS, Rome, Italy
M. Balduzzi, C. Marino, C. Snels
ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy
M. Balucani, A. Klyshko
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
C. De Angelis, G. Esposito, M.A. Tabocchini
ISS, Rome, Italy

A variable energy (3-7 MeV) and pulsed current (0.1 – 100 μA) proton beam has been made available for different applications (radiobiology experiments, detectors development, material studies) in an irradiation facility at ENEA-Frascati based on the 7 MeV injector of the protontherapy linac under realization in the framework of the TOP-IMPLART Project. It is a 425 MHz linear accelerator consisting in a 3 MeV RFQ followed by a DTL up to 7 MeV (PL-7 ACCSYS-HITACHI model) followed by an horizontal and a vertical beam transport line. The latter one is particularly suitable for radiobiology in vitro studies allowing to irradiate besides cell monolayes also cell growing in suspension culture. The paper describes the facility and the recent results of the experimental activity.

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WEPRO089

Latest Developments of a C-band 2MeV Accelerator

experiment, operation, linac, status

2165

W. Bai, M. Li, L.J. Shan, X.M. Shen, Z. Xu
CAEP/IAE, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China

A C-band 2MeV accelerator is developped at CAEP in China. This research is aimmed at developing an compact accelerator used as X ray source for industrial useage. At present, the C-band accelerator has been developed successfully. we have carried out a lot of research work based on the accelerator, including test of X ray energy, focus and dose rate etc. This paper shows the latest experimental results and application research status on the C-band accelerator.

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WEPRO094

Synchrotron Radiation Test Validations of European XFEL MCP-based Detectors at DORIS Beamline BW1

photon, radiation, FEL, ion

2180

E. Syresin, A.Yu. Grebentsov, A.V. Shabunov, N.I. Zamiatin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
R. Basta, T. Fiala, P. Hedbavny
Vakuum Praha, Prague, Czech Republic
O.I. Brovko
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
W. Freund, J. Grünert, H. Sinn
XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
D. Novikov, M.V. Yurkov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Radiation detectors based onμchannel plates (MCP) are planned for installation at the European XFEL. Main purpose of these detectors is searching a signature of lasing and further fine tuning of the FEL process. Detectors operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the saturation level (between a few nJ and 25 mJ), and in a wide wavelength range from 0.05 nm to 0.4 nm for SASE1 and SASE2, and from 0.4 nm to 4.43 nm for SASE3. The SR tests validation of the MCP-based detector applied for XFEL lines SASE1 and SASE2 were performed at the DORIS beamline BW1 at SR with photon energy of 8.5-12.4 keV. The absolute measurements of a photon pulse energy for hard X-ray radiation were performed with application of MCP and photodiode detectors. Pulse-to-pulse photon energy measurements with MCPs and silicon photo detector were done with 192 ns and 96 ns repetition intervals. The SR beam imaging measurement at X-ray irradiation was performed at test validation experiments.

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WEPRO104

Backscattering X-ray System by using 950 keV X-band Linac X-ray Source

photon, target, linac, simulation

2209

C. Liu
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
T. Fujiwara, M. Uesaka
The University of Tokyo, Nuclear Professional School, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
J. Kusano
Accuthera Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

Recently several tunnel collapses have happened in the world. To prevent this kind of accidents, the non-destructive inspection for tunnel is seriously needed. Backscattering X-ray system which makes one-side operation possible is a very important way to solve this problem. But the backscattering X-ray systems using X-ray tubes could only get the superficial information of the concrete target*. Now we are using our 950 keV X-ray source to construct the backscattering X-ray system to detect the deeper part of the concrete target.
*D. Shedlok, T. Edwards, C.Toh, “X-ray Backscatter Imaging for Aerospace Applications”, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Volume 30 AIP Conf. Proc. 1335, 509-516, (2011).

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WEPRO109

Experimental Determination of Heavy Nuclei Fission Cross-sections under Relativistic Deuterons Irradiation on the Accelerator Complex “Nuclotron” for Purposes of Transmutation and Energy Amplification

neutron, target, simulation, experiment

2221

V.V. Bukhal, A.A. Patapenka, A.A. Safronava
JIPNR-Sosny NASB, Minsk, Belarus
M. Artiushenko
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
K.V. Husak
The Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Reserach - "SOSNY" NASB, Minsk, Belarus
S.I. Tyutyunnikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Experimental studies of neutron spectra of three different subcritical assemblies driven by an accelerator (Accelerator Driven Systems – ADS) for investigation of the possibility of transmutation and energy amplification have been carried out. The assemblies were constructed in the framework of the international project “Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Wastes” and experiments with them are running in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) at the accelerator complex “Nuclotron”. In this paper the results of measurements of 239Pu(n, f), 235U(n, f), 238U(n, f) and 238U(n,γ) reactions cross-sections and reactions rates using solid state nuclear track detectors and activation gamma-spectroscopy are presented. A comparison of the experimental results with FLUKA calculations is given. The obtained experimental values characterize the neutron spectra in the experimental points and allow the efficiency of the ADS technology for the systems with similar parameters to be evaluated.

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WEPME042

The LHC Vacuum Pilot Sectors Project

vacuum, electron, controls, radiation

2360

B. Henrist, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The operation of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at nominal beam parameters is expected for the next years (2015). Increased synchrotron-radiation stimulated-desorption and electron-cloud build-up are expected. A deep understanding of the interactions between the proton beams and the beampipe wall is mandatory to control the anticipated beam-induced pressure rise. A Vacuum Pilot Sector (VPS) has been designed to monitor the performance of the vacuum system with time. The VPS is installed along a double LHC room temperature vacuum sector (18 m long, 80 mm inner diameter beam pipes) and includes 8 standard modules, 1.4 m long each. Such modules are equipped with residual gas analysers, Bayard-Alpert gauges, photon and electron flux monitors, etc. The chosen modular approach opens the possibility of studying different configurations and implementing future modifications. This contribution will describe the apparatus, the control system designed to drive measurements and possible applications during the next LHC operational phase.

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WEPME044

LHC Experimental Beam Pipe Upgrade during LS1

vacuum, experiment, injection, simulation

2366

G. Lanza, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, P. Chiggiato
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC experimental beam pipes are being improved during the ongoing long shutdown 1 (LS1). Several vacuum chambers have been tested and validated before their installation inside the detectors. The validation tests include: leak tightness, ultimate vacuum pressure, material outgassing rate, and residual gas composition. NEG coatings are assessed by hydrogen sticking probability measurement with the help of Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper the motivation for the beam pipe upgrade, the validation tests of the components and the results are presented and discussed.

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WEPME049

Coupled Simulations of the Synchrotron Radiation and Induced Desorption Pressure Profiles for the HiLumi-LHC Triplet Area and Interaction Points

vacuum, simulation, photon, electron

2381

R. Kersevan, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The HiLumi-LHC machine upgrade has officially started as an approved LHC project (see dedicated presentations at this conference on the subject). One important feature of the upgrade is the installation of very high-gradient triplet magnets for focusing the beams at the collision points of the two high-luminosity detectors ATLAS and CMS. Other important topics are new superconducting D1 magnets, installation of crab cavities, and re-shuffling of the dispersion suppression area. Based on the current magnetic lattice set-up and beam orbits, a detailed study of the emission of synchrotron radiation (SR) and related photon-induced desorption (PID) has been carried out. A significant amount of SR photons are generated by the two off-axis beams in the common vacuum chamber of the triplet area, about 57 m in length. Ray-tracing Montecarlo codes SYNRAD⁺ and Molflow+ have been employed in this study. The related PID pressure profiles will be shown, together with simulations using the code VASCO for the analysis of beam losses and background in the detectors, including electron cloud effects.
(*) The HiLumi LHC Design Study is partly funded by the European Commission within the Framework Programme 7 Capacities Specific Programme, Grant Agreement 284404

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WEPME054

Design and Fabrication of the Novel-type Ceramic Chamber

vacuum, site, HOM, electron

2393

L.H. Wu, C.K. Chan, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, S-N. Hsu, T.Y. Lee
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A ceramic chamber of novel type has been designed and fabricated. The uniformity of its inner thin film of deposited metal is improved to have a thickness error about 1 %. The average straightness error of the chamber (length 550 mm) is developed to be less than 55 μm. To fabricate the ceramic chamber of novel type, we first cleaned and joined the two halves; the metal films were deposited by sputtering. These two halves were next sealed with a glass powder colloid to become a ceramic tube. The rate of outgassing of this colloid is 3.57×10^-12 Torr L s⁻¹ cm^-2 after baking. The ceramic tube was connected to a stainless-steel flange with the aid of a glass powder colloid and TIG welding. This ceramic test chamber will be installed in the experimental system to analyze the residual gas.

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WEPME063

Pulsed Low Level Baseband RF Control of CH-Cavities for p-Linac at FAIR

controls, linac, proton, antiproton

2421

P. Nonn, U. Bonnes, C. Burandt, F. Hug, N. Pietralla
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Klingbeil, G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Klingbeil
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: This project was supported by the BMBF under grant No. 05P09RDRB5 and by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR) funded by the State of Hesse within its LOEWE initiative.
At the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany a high intensity antiproton beam will be produced. To provide the necessary 70 mA proton beam a dedicated proton linac (p-Linac) is under construction. The main acceleration will be provided by 9 novel CH-type cavities, of which 6 will be coupled in pairs to share the same klystron. To test the rf properties of these novel cavities, a test stand is under construction. An rf control system for the pulsed operation of these cavities has been developed at TU Darmstadt. It is based upon the digital cw rf control that is successfully in operation as part of the S-DALINAC at IKP Darmstadt. The latest developments will be presented.

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WEPRI086

Three Dimensional Field Analysis for Final Focus Magnet System at SuperKEKB

solenoid, quadrupole, multipole, octupole

2690

Y. Arimoto, N. Ohuchi, M. Tawada, K. Tsuchiya, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
B. Parker, P. Wanderer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

SuperKEKB is an upgrade accelerator of KEKB with a design luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1. The design is based on a "nano-beam scheme", where vertical beam size is squeezed into 50 nm at an interaction point. One of key component is a final focus magnet system. The focusing system consists of 4-superconducting (SC) quadrupole doublets, 43 SC-correctors, 4 SC-compensation solenoids. They are aligned in a detector (Belle-II) solenoid which generates a longitudinal field of 1.5 T. The system are packed in a small area and also has magnetic shields. So it is expected an entire magnetic field of the system is not one which is linearly-superimposed field of each magnet. Here a study of three dimensional field analysis for the final focus magnet system will be presented.

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WEPRI096

Mu2e Magnetic Measurements

solenoid, electron, target, experiment

2719

M. Buehler, M.A. Tartaglia, J.C. Tompkins
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.R. Orozco
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation by searching for muon-to-electron conversion. The magnetic field generated by a system of solenoids is crucial for Mu2e and requires accurate characterization to detect any flaws and to produce a detailed field map. Stringent physics goals are driving magnetic field specifications for the Mu2e solenoids. A field mapper is being designed, which will produce detailed magnetic field maps. The uniform field region of the spectrometer volume requires the highest level of precision (1 Gauss per 1 Tesla). During commissioning, multiple magnetic field maps will be generated to verify proper alignment of all magnet coils, and to create the final magnetic field map. In order to design and build a precise field mapping system consisting of Hall and NRM probes, tolerances and precision for such a system need to be evaluated. In this paper we present a design for the Mu2e field mapping hardware, and discuss results from OPERA-3D simulations to specify parameters for Hall and NMR probes. We also present a fitting procedure for the analytical treatment of our expected magnetic measurements.

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WEPRI115

Design and Integration of the Optical Reference Module at 1.3 GHz for FLASH and the European XFEL

electronics, laser, controls, LLRF

2768

E. Janas, K. Czuba, P. Kownacki, D. Sikora
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, T. Lamb, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
J. Szewiński
NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland

In this paper we present recent progress on the integration and implementation of the optical reference module (REFM-OPT) for the free-electron lasers FLASH and European XFEL. In order to achieve high energy stability and low arrival time jitter of the electron beam, the accelerator requires an accurate low-level RF (LLRF) field regulation and a sophisticated synchronization scheme for various devices along the facility. The REFM-OPT is a 19” module which is responsible for resynchronizing the 1.3 GHz reference signal for the LLRF distributed by coaxial cables to a phase-stable signal of the optical synchronization system. The module provides a 1.3 GHz output signal with low phase noise and high long-term stability. Several sub-components of the REFM-OPT designed specifically for this module are described in detail. The readout electronics of the high-precision Laser-to-RF phase detector are presented as well as the integration of this key component into the 19” module. Additionally, we focus on design solutions which assure phase stability and synchronization of the 1.3 GHz signal at several high power outputs of the module.

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WEPRI116

Master Oscillator for the European XFEL

laser, feedback, low-level-rf, timing

2771

L.Z. Zembala, K. Czuba, B. Gąsowski, D. Sikora
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
J. Branlard, H. Schlarb, H.C. Weddig
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The reference signal outage causes breakdown of the synchronisation in the entire accelerator, which could result in a multi-day break in the operation. Therefore, the Master Oscillator (MO) for the European XFEL has to be redundant, in order to achieve extremely high reliability. The redundancy concept, which provides no interruption in the reference signal, requires phase coherence, fast RF switching and sustaining the RF power with a high-Q filter. These features allow to keep possible signal transitions smooth. Furthermore, the MO has to generate a 1.3 GHz signal of exceptionally good phase noise performance – jitter < 35 fs RMS integrated from 10 Hz to1 MHz. One of the problems in the way are vibrations, which have to be properly isolated to avoid microphonics effects in oscillators. The proposed MO architecture and connection with the RF distribution system is described. A basic prototype is tested and results are presented.

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THOBA01

A New Scheme for Electro-optic Sampling at Record Repetition Rates : Principle and Application to the First (turn-by-turn) Recordings of THz CSR Bursts at SOLEIL

laser, synchrotron, real-time, storage-ring

2794

E. Roussel, S. Bielawski, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
J.B. Brubach, L. Cassinari, M.-E. Couprie, M. Labat, L. Manceron, J.P. Ricaud, P. Roy, M.-A. Tordeux
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The microbunching instability is an ubiquitous problem in storage rings at high current density. However, the involved fast time-scales hampered the possibility to make direct real-time recordings of theses structures. When the structures occur at a cm scale, recent works at UVSOR*, revealed that direct recording of the CSR electric field with ultra-high speed electronics (17 ps) provides extremely precious informations on the microbunching dynamics. However, when CSR occurs at THz frequencies (and is thus out of reach of electronics), the problem remained largely open. Here we present a new opto-electronic strategy that enabled to record series of successive electric field pulses shapes with picosecond resolution (including carrier and envelope), every 12 ns, over a total duration of several milliseconds. We also present the first experimental results obtained with this method at Synchrotron SOLEIL, above the microbunching instability threshold, and we present direct tests of Vlasov-Fokker-Planck and macroparticle models. The method can be applied to the detection of ps electric fields in other situations where high repetition rate is also an issue.
* First Direct, Real Time, Recording of the CSR Pulses Emitted During the
Microbunching Instability, using Thin Film YBCO Detectors at UVSOR-III, IPAC2014

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THPRO017

Comparison of the Detection Performance of Three Nonlinear Crystals for the Electro-optic Sampling of a FEL-THz Source

FEL, laser, lattice, damping

2891

B. Wu, L. Cao, Q. Fu, P. Tan, Y.Q. Xiong
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The detector of a FEL-THz source at HUST is now in the physical design stage. The electro-optic (EO) sampling method will be employed for the coherent detection. The performances of three widely used EO crystals will be evaluated and compared numerically in the time domain detection: zinc telluride (ZnTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP). The phase matching properties are analyzed to find the appropriate probe wavelength. The EO detection response is calculated to select the suitable crystal thickness and to discuss the detection ability of each crystal.

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THPRO116

Control System of a Miniature 12 MeV Race-Track Microtron

controls, vacuum, operation, microtron

3165

Yu.A. Kubyshin, V. Blasco, J.A. Romero, A. Sanchez
UPC, Barcelona, Spain
G. Montoro
UPC-EETAC-TSC, Castelldefels, Spain
V.I. Shvedunov
MSU, Moscow, Russia

A simple control system has been developed for the commissioning of a compact 12 MeV race-track microtron which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia. It is of modular structure and is based on LabView programs at a conventional PC and ATmega microcontrollers. Apart from modules to monitor different RTM systems it also includes an Automatic Frequency Control of the magnetron frequency and interlocks. The architecture and main features of the modules are described and results of their operation are reported. Further developments of the control system and interfaces are on the way.

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THPME051

Preparatory Investigations for a Low Frequency Prebuncher at ReA

rfq, linac, bunching, simulation

3342

D.M. Alt, J.F. Brandon, D. Leitner, D. Morris, M.J. Syphers, N.R. Usher, W. Wittmer
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The ReA reaccelerator facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) will provide a unique capability to study reactions with low-energy beams of rare isotopes. A beam from the coupled cyclotron facility is stopped in a gas stopping system, charge bred in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), and then reaccelerated in a compact superconducting LINAC. At present the beam repetition rate at the ReA targets is the same as the LINAC RF frequency of 80.5 MHz. A lower frequency would be desirable for many types of experiments using time of flight data acquisitions. Studies were undertaken to investigate possible methods of reducing the beam frequency with minimal reduction in overall beam current. This paper reports the results of preliminary design studies of such a low frequency prebuncher designed to increase the pulse separation and minimize bunch lengths at the detector.

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THPME077

Complex Beam Profile Reconstruction, A Novel Rotating Array of Vibrating Wires

vacuum, operation, extraction, instrumentation

3415

S.G. Arutunian
ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
J.R. Alonso
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Proton/ion beams of multiple charge/mass ratio can be very complex. Orthogonal X-Y projections are often inappropriate to represent these profiles. An array of vibrating wires, rotating around the beam axis is under development. The mechanical implementation is described. An algorithm to reconstruct the profile is proposed. The tradeoffs between the number of wires, the rotation angles, the response time and the profile resolution are discussed.

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THPME089

On the Suitability of Longitudinal Profile Measurements using Smith-Purcell Radiation for Short High Current Proton Beams

radiation, proton, simulation, optics

3439

J. Barros, N. Delerue, M. Vieille Grosjean
LAL, Orsay, France
I. Dolenc Kittelmann
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C.A. Thomas
Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Funding: Financially supported by the Université Paris-Sud (programme "attractivité") and the French ANR (contract ANR-12-JS05-0003-01).
The use of Smith-Purcell radiation to measure electrons longitudinal profiles has been demonstrated at several facilities in the picosecond and sub-picosecond range. There is a strong interest for the development of non intercepting longitudinal profile diagnostics for high current proton beams. We present here results of simulations on the expected yield of longitudinal profile monitors using Smith-Purcell radiation for such proton beams.

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THPME091

Beam Halo Measurements using Wire Scanners at ATF2

background, photon, collimation, experiment

3445

S. Liu, P. Bambade
LAL, Orsay, France
S. Bai, J. Gao, D. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A. Faus-Golfe, N. Fuster-Martínez
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Chinese Scholarship Council, FPA2010-21456-C02-01 and i-link 0704
Beam halo hitting on the beam pipe after the Interaction Point (IP) can generate a large amount of background for the measurements of the nano meter beam size using the laser interferometer beam size monitor (Shintake monitor) at ATF2. In order to investigate the beam halo transverse distribution, a diamond detector will be installed downstream of the IP. A feasibility study of a transverse halo collimation system to reduce the background for these measurements is also in progress. Prior to the diamond detector installation, a first attempt of beam halo measurements have been performed in 2013 using the currently installed wire scanners. Modeling of the beam halo distribution in the extraction (EXT) line was done and compared with the old modeling for ATF. Beam halo measurements were also done using the post-IP wire scanner to investigate the beam halo distribution at post-IP.
Work supported by Chinese Scholarship Council, FPA2010-21456-C02-01 and i-link 0704

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THPME092

Status of Diamond Detector Development for Beam Halo Investigation at ATF2

electron, vacuum, photon, cathode

3449

S. Liu, P. Bambade, F. Bogard, J-N. Cayla, H. Monard, C. Sylvia, T. Vinatier
LAL, Orsay, France
N. Fuster-Martínez
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
I. Khvastunov
National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, The Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine
T. Tauchi, N. Terunuma
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: Chinese Scholarship Council
We are developing a diamond detector for beam halo and Compton spectrum diagnostics after the interaction point (IP) of ATF2, a low energy (1.3 GeV) prototype of the final focus system for ILC and CLIC linear collider projects. Tests of a 500 μm thick sCVD diamond detector with a dimension of 4.5 mm×4.5 mm have been carried out with radioactive sources and with electron beam from PHIL low energy (<10 MeV) photo-injector at LAL. The tests at PHIL were done with different beam intensities in air, just after the exit window at the end of the beam line, to test the response of the diamond detector and the readout electronics. We have successfully detected signals from single electrons, using a 40 dB amplifier, and from an electron beam of 10⁸ electrons, using a 24 dB attenuator. A diamond sensor with 4 strips has been designed and fabricated for installation in the vacuum chambers of ATF2 and PHIL, with the aim to scan both the beam halo (with 2 strips of 1.5 mm×4 mm) and the beam core (with 2 strips of 0.1 mm×4 mm) transverse distributions.

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THPME093

Reconstruction of Longitudinal Electrons Bunch Profiles at FACET, SLAC

radiation, background, electron, wakefield

3453

M. Vieille Grosjean, J. Barros, N. Delerue, S. Jenzer
LAL, Orsay, France
F. Bakkali Taheri, G. Doucas, I.V. Konoplev, A. Reichold
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
C.I. Clarke
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The E-203 collaboration is testing a device on FACET at SLAC to measure the longitudinal profile of electron bunches using Smith-Purcell radiation. At FACET the electron bunches have an energy of 20GeV and a duration of a few hundred femtoseconds. Smith-Purcell radiation is emitted when a charged particle passes close to the surface of a metallic grating. The set-up installed in FACET consists in four targets (three gratings and a blank) on a carrousel on one side and eleven pyroelectric detectors on the opposite side, the beam passing between. At the moment, the measurement is averaged over a hundred pulses or more. We have studied the stability of the measurement from pulse to pulse and the resolution of the measure depending on the number of grating used.

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THPME094

Measurement of Low-charged Electron Beam with a scintillator Screen

electron, diagnostics, laser, vacuum

3456

T. Vinatier, P. Bambade, C. Bruni, S. Liu
LAL, Orsay, France

Measuring electron beam charge lower than 1pC is very challenging since the traditional diagnostics, like Faraday Cup and ICT, are limited in resolution to a few pC. A way to simply measure lower charge would be to use the linear relation, existing before saturation regime, between the incident charge and the total light intensity emitted by a YAG screen. Measurement has been performed on PHIL accelerator at LAL, with charge lower than 50pC, with a YAG screen located just in front of a Faraday Cup. It shows a very good linear response of the YAG screen up to the Faraday Cup resolution limit (2pC) and therefore allows calibrating the YAG screen for lower charge measurement with an estimated precision of 4%. A noise analysis allows estimating the YAG screen resolution limit around 40fC. Results of low charge measurement on PHIL will be shown and compared to those coming from a diamond detector installed on PHIL, in order to validate the measurement principle and to determine its precision and resolution limit. Such simple measurement may thereafter be used as single-shot charge diagnostic for electron beam generated and accelerated by laser-plasma interaction.

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THPME097

Schottky Diode Detectors for Monitoring Coherent THz Synchrotron Radiation Pulses

radiation, synchrotron, electron, synchrotron-radiation

3465

A. Semenov, H.-W. Hübers, A. Pohl
DLR, Berlin, Germany
O. Cojocari, M. Sobornytskyy
ACST GmbH, Hanau, Germany
A. Hoehl, R. Müller
PTB, Berlin, Germany
M. Ries, G. Wüstefeld
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the terahertz frequency range is a powerful tool for the diagnostics of the electron-beam relying on the fact that the emission spectrum of THz CSR depends on the shape of the electron bunch from which the radiation is emitted. Among available direct THz detectors only superconducting microbolometers and Schottky diodes are capable to resolve single CSR pulses. Here we present recent photoresponse measurements of CSR with a quasioptical zero-bias Schottky diode detector which was produced at ACST GmbH. The rise-time of the recorded real-time transient was limited to approximately 20 ps by the 18-GHz bandwidth of interconnecting cables. Non-saturated responsivity of the detector, that is the amplitude of the voltage transient referred to the total CSR pulse energy in the detector quasioptical mode, was approximately 1.5 mV/fJ. The dynamic range of the detector spans almost three orders of magnitude from 3 fJ to 1 pJ. The intrinsic jitter of the detector was less than 2 ps thus not affecting the effective time resolution and allowing us to measure the arrival-time jitter of CSR pulses for different settings of the storage ring parameters.

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THPME102

Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR

extraction, ion, proton, target

3480

P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ.
The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.

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THPME106

Compact Integrated THz Spectrometer in GaAs Technology for Electron Bunch Compression Monitor Applications

electron, radiation, synchrotron, diagnostics

3489

N. Neumann, M. Laabs, D. Plettemeier, M. Schiselski
TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
M. Gensch, B.W. Green, S. Kovalev
HZDR, Dresden, Germany

Funding: BMBF 05K13ODB
Bunch compression monitors are essential for the efficient operation of linear accelerators. The spectral distribution of coherently generated THz radiation is a favorable measure for the shape of the electron bunches. Today, THz spectrometers are bulky and costly. Here, the concept of an integrated on-chip semiconductor spectrometer being developed in a joint effort by HZDR and TU Dresden within the scope of the BMBF project InSEl is presented. This potentially low-cost and compact solution based on Schottky diode detectors, integrated on-chip THz antennas and filters fabricated in a commercial GaAs process will not exceed 5 mm in size replacing current single element THz detectors in the bunch compression monitors in the ELBE accelerator at HZDR. Covering the frequency range from 0.1 to 1.5 THz (and more in the future) with a resolution of 5 to 20 points, it could also be of interest for the longitudinal electron bunch diagnostic at other electron linacs such as FLUTE, BERLinPro, FLASH or the European X-FEL. Furthermore, the detector bandwidth in the GHz range supports the high repetition rates of superconducting radio frequency accelerators.

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THPME112

Design of a Compact Setup to Measure Beam Energy by Detection of Compton Backscattered Photons at ANKA

photon, electron, laser, background

3494

C. Chang, D. Batchelor, E. Hertle, E. Huttel, V. Judin, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, A.-S. Müller, M.J. Nasse, M. Schuh, J.L. Steinmann
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Funding: This work is funded by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289191
One of the most important parameters of accelerators is their beam energy. So far, the method of resonant depolarization was used to accurately determine the energy at 2.5 GeV of the ANKA electron storage ring, which, however, becomes cumbersome for lower energies. A good alternative is the detection of Compton backscattered photons, generated by laser light scattered off the relativistic electron beam. To achieve compactness and integration into the storage ring, the setup of transverse scattering is proposed instead of conventional head-on collision. The feasibility has been studied by comparison between simulations of Compton backscattered photons by AT and CAIN 2.35 and actual measurement of background radiation with an HPGe (High Purity Germanium) spectrometer. The layout of the setup is also included in the paper.

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THPME113

Commissioning of an Ultra-fast Data Acquisition System for Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Detection

synchrotron, radiation, real-time, synchrotron-radiation

3497

C.M. Caselle, M. Brosi, S.A. Chilingaryan, T. Dritschler, E. Hertle, V. Judin, A. Kopmann, A.-S. Müller, J. Raasch, M. Schleicher, M. Siegel, N.J. Smale, J.L. Steinmann, M. Vogelgesang, M. Weber, S. Wuensch
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

The commissioning of a new real-time and high-accuracy data acquisition system suitable for recording individual ultra-short coherent pulses detected by fast terahertz detectors will be presented. The system is able to monitor turn-by-turn all buckets in streaming mode. The main board consists of a direct sampling board operating with a minimum sampling time of 3 psec and a time jitter less than 1.7 psec. The very low noise layout design combined with a wide dynamic range and bandwidth of the analog front-end allows to sample pulse signals generated by various GHz/THz detectors, like NbN and YBCO superconductor film detectors or zero biased Schottky Diode detectors. The digitized data is transmitted to the DAQ system by an FPGA readout board with a data transfer rate of 4 GByte/s. The setup is accomplished by a real-time data processing unit based on high-end graphics processors (GPUs) for on-line analysis of the frequency behaviour of the coherent synchrotron emissions. The system has been successfully used to study the beam properties of the ANKA synchrotron radiation source located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and operating in the energy range between 0.5-2.5 GeV

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THPME118

A Freon-filled Bubble Chamber for Gamma-ray Detection in Strong Laser-plasma Interaction

photon, electron, laser, plasma

3512

W.B. Zhao, J.E. Chen, C. Lin, L.H.Y. Lu, X.Q. Yan, Y.Y. Zhao, B.Y. Zou
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China

When a laser pulse with focused intensity exceeding 1018W/cm² interacts with a solid target, electrons in the focal spot are accelerated to relativistic velocity and where they generate inner-shell vacancies and hard x-ray(>10 keV) spectral line and Bremsstrahlung radiation. In laser plasma interactions, the resonance between betatron motion of electrons and ultraintense laser pulses is an interesting phenomenon in both electron acceleration and gamma photon production. Even though the gamma-ray synchrotron is micron scale, the energy ranges from ~1 MeV to ~102MeV. To detect the energy of the gamma-ray accurately is particularly significant. Owing to a lot of various energy of gamma-ray are emitted in femtosecond scale, which are impossible distinguished from each other on the time. A small freon-filled bubble chamber is being built to measure the energy spectrum of high-energy photons. After that, we can calculate the electron’s energy and then offer the data for various of electron acceleration theories. It combines a good spatial resolution with a large depth of field, allowing a large number of tracks. This improves the statistical quality of the photon spectrum.

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THPME124

Spectral Analysis of Micro-Bunching Instabilities using Fast THz Detectors

radiation, synchrotron, bunching, operation

3530

J.L. Steinmann, E. Hertle, N. Hiller, V. Judin, A.-S. Müller, M. Schuh, P. Schönfeldt, P. Schütze
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
E. Bründermann
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Micro-bunching instabilities occur at synchrotron light sources when the particle density rises due to compression of the electron bunches. They lead to powerful bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the THz range at the cost of very unstable intensity and spectral properties, highly fluctuating on a millisecond time scale. For interferometry this changing source demands a long averaging time to achieve a reasonably high signal-to-noise ratio or balancing by the use of an additional reference detector. In this study we present measurements taken by a Martin-Puplett-interferometer in the bursting regime with ultra-fast THz-detectors.

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THPME125

Electrical Field Sensitive High-Tc YBCO Detector for Real-time Observation of CSR

real-time, electron, synchrotron, operation

3533

J. Raasch, K.S. Ilin, Y.-L. Mathis, A.-S. Müller, A. Scheuring, M. Siegel, N.J. Smale, P. Thoma
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Bielawski, C. Evain, E. Roussel, C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
B. Holzapfel
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
M. Hosaka, N. Yamamoto
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
K. Iida
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
M. Katoh, S.I. Kimura, T. Konomi
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
H. Zen
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Funding: We thank Agilent Technologies & Tektronix for supplying oscilloscopes. The work was supported by BMBF (05K2010), ANR (2010 blanc 042301), MEXT (Quantum Beam Tech. Prog.), IMS (Int. Collab. Prog.).
High-Tc thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) detectors were deployed for the real-time observation of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). Due to enhanced fabrication techniques enabling the patterning of sub-μm sized detector areas responsivity values as high as 1V/pJ for pulsed THz excitations have been achieved at the ANKA synchrotron facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Response of the detectors is linear over the whole dynamic range of the IR1 beamline. Combining the picosecond scaled response mechanism of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) to THz excitations with broad-band readout a temporal resolution of 15 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) was reached. Real-time resolution of CSR single shots was observed at ANKA and UVSOR-III, the synchrotron facility of the Institute of Molecular Science in Okazaki, Japan.

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THPME128

Fast Beam Diagnostics for Third-Generation Synchrotrons by Means of Novel Diamond-based Photon BPMs

electron, photon, diagnostics, radiation

3541

M. Antonelli, G. Cautero, I. Cudin, D.M. Eichert, D. Giuressi, W.H. Jark, E. Karantzoulis, S. Lizzit, R.H. Menk
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
A. De Sio, E. Pace
Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
M. Di Fraia
Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

In the past years electron beam stability has been intensively addressed In new-generation Synchrotron Radiation (SR) sources. Many SR machines have been equipped with a Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) based on electron Beam-Position Monitors (eBPMs). Also photon Beam-Position Monitors (pBPMs) are a useful tool for keeping the electron beam under control by simultaneously monitoring position and intensity of the delivered radiation; the machine control system can take advantage of this information in order to improving the electron beam stability. At Elettra, a diagnostic beamline, which utilizes a couple of single-crystal CVD diamond detectors as fast pBPMs, has been built and inserted into a bending-magnet front end. Preliminary tests carried out during normal machine operations show that this system allows to monitor the beam position with sub-micrometric precision at the demanding readout rates required by the FOFB. Therefore, this diagnostic line represents a demonstrator for future implementation of pBPMs at several bending-magnet front ends of Elettra.

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THPME130

Development of New Data-taking System for Beam Loss Monitors of J-PARC MR

feedback, monitoring, operation, extraction

3547

K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
S.Y. Yoshida
Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan

A new data acquisition system has been developed to improve band-width and dynamic range of the beam loss monitor systems. It consists of isolation current amplifiers with the gain of 1M and the band-width of DC-100kHz, and VME-based 24bit ADCs with the band-width of DC-300kHz and the noise level of 100uV peak to peak. The waveform data of 1MS/s and 1KS/s, and the charge count which is the integrated waveform data are generated and these are compared with alarm levels for the machine protection system. Long-term ground-level stability is essential to monitor residual dose activities. Some beam loss signals include effect of radiations from activated devices, and thus its fractions should be excluded. If the residual dose activities just before the beam injections can be monitored, these fractions would be roughly estimated. Furthermore, on-line monitoring of the residual dose activities after a beam operation will be useful for activation control of the devices at the high level activation area like the collimator and the slow-extraction area. A shot by shot DC offset cancellation is adopted to ensure high ground level stability.

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THPME132

Generation and Diagnosis of Ultrashort Electron Bunches from a Photocathode RF Gun Linac

electron, linac, gun, laser

3553

I. Nozawa, M. Gohdo, K. Kan, T. Kondoh, K. Norizawa, A. Ogata, J. Yang, Y. Yoshida
ISIR, Osaka, Japan
H. Kobayashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Ultrashort electron bunches are essential for time-resolved measurement methods such as pulse radiolysis* from the viewpoint of time resolutions. On the other hand, generation of electro-magnetic wave in the THz range using short electron bunches has been investigated**. Frequency spectra of coherent transition radiation (CTR) emitted by an electron bunch depend on bunch form factor (BFF), which is expressed by Fourier coefficients of longitudinal distribution in the electron bunch. In this study, the bunch length measurement was demonstrated by analyzing THz-waves generated by CTR. Femtosecond electron bunches were generated by a laser photocathode RF gun linac and magnetic bunch compressor. THz-waves generated by CTR, which was emitted on an interface of an aluminum mirror along the beam trajectory, were transported to a Michelson interferometer. The bunch length was measured by analyzing interferogram, which was an infrared detector output as a function of a moving mirror position. Finally, the bunch length was measured according to fitting curves for the interferogram near the centerburst***. Minimum bunch length of 1.3 fs was obtained at a bunch charge of ~1 pC.
*J. Yang et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 556, 52 (2006).
**K. Kan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 231503 (2011).
***A. Murokh et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 410 (1998).

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THPME137

Preliminary Study of Non-invasive Beam Profile Measurements for Proton Beams

electron, proton, gun, ion

3569

H. He, J.S. Cao, Q.Y. Deng, J.H. Junhui, Y.F. Sui, J. Yue, Y. Zhao
IHEP, People's Republic of China
J. Chen
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Funding: This work was supported by NSFC under grant NO.11305186 and No.11205172
Two non-invasive beam profile measurement methods were developed for China high intensity proton beams projects, including CSNS and ADS. The first consists in an IPM (ionization beam profile monitor) system which detect the ionized products from a collision of the beam particle with residual gas atoms or molecules present in the vacuum pipe. The second is an electron beam scanner which using a low energy electron beam instead of a metal wire to sweep through the beam. The deflection of electron beam by the collective field of the high intensity beam is measured. The charge density in the high intensity beam can be restored under certain conditions or estimated by various mathematical techniques. Here we present the design parameters of the IPM system, the signal intensity of ionization products, optimization of the electric field, machine designs of electrode, tracking of the ionization products and so on. The principle of the electron beam scanner and the test results which is based on a commercial electron gun from Kimball Physics are also introduced in details.

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THPME159

Double Diffraction Radiation Target Interferometry for Micro-train Beam Diagnostics

target, radiation, electron, diagnostics

3635

D.A. Shkitov, A. Potylitsyn
TPU, Tomsk, Russia
A.S. Aryshev, J. Urakawa
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by grant of Russian Ministry of Education and Science program “Nauka” number 2.1799.2011.
Recently our group starts to investigate a feasibility of double diffraction radiation (DR) target interferometry for non-invasive micro-train beam diagnostics at KEK: LUCX facility. Double DR target consists of two metal plates and one of them can be moved relative to another along the beam trajectory. Micro-train beam is a sequence of short electron bunches with sub-ps spacing. As it was shown* double DR target can be used for such a beam diagnostics measuring DR yield versus plates displacement. The obtained tuning curve (interferogram) allows to determine a number of bunches within the micro-train and spacing between them. In order to design a reliable device for this aim we have to take into account different double DR target interferometer plate’s adjustment inaccuracies. These inaccuracies can be as follows: inaccuracies in the mutual adjustment of plates tilt angles to the beam trajectory, outer plate edge shift along the beam trajectory and other. The influence of the bunch form-factor shape is also considered. We investigated double DR target preparation accuracy requirements in order to minimize measurements uncertainties and increase interferometer resolution.
* Skitov D.A. et. al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 517, 012024 (2014).

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THPME162

Filling Pattern Measurements at ALBA using Time Correlated Single Photon Counting

photon, synchrotron, radiation, synchrotron-radiation

3644

L. Torino, U. Iriso
CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

At the ALBA synchrotron light source, the filling pattern is measured using a Fast Current Transformer (FCT). Applying a data analysis the filling pattern is measured with a dynamic range in the order of 10², limited by the electronic noise in the device. A new experimental set-up for filling pattern measurements was implemented using the Time Correlated Single Photon Counting. The technique consists in the measurements of the temporal distribution of the produced synchrotron radiation using Electro-Optical devices, from where the filling pattern is inferred. Two different photomultipliers are used to perform the measurement and results are compared. A further comparison between results from the photomultipliers and the FCT is performed to verify the accuracy of the results.

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THPME165

Studies into Beam Loss Patterns at European Spallation Source

simulation, linac, quadrupole, radiation

3650

M. Jarosz, A. Jansson, L. Tchelidze
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Funding: This project is funded by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485.
The linear accelerator of European Spallation Source will produce 5 MW proton beam. Beam of this power will likely generate significant losses along the beamline. To study these losses, a coherent model of the whole machine is being made using custom generator. This model is used to perform Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of the accelerated beam and the losses in the MARS code system. Preliminary simulations utilizing the uniform beam loss distribution were done. More detailed simulations based on the various different loss patterns focused around hot spots in magnets were also performed and their results compared. This confirmed the limit of 0.5 W/m average heat load on accelerating cavities foreseen by the cooling requirements. Additional studies investigated the dose absorbed by fragile cooling system’s elements during the normal operation of the facility defining their radiation resistance to the levels of few kGy/y. Further simulations will also give the information about the expected beam loss detectors signal at possible locations. These data will be further analysed using custom algorithms.

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THPME166

System Overview and Current Status of the ESS Beam Position Monitors

linac, electronics, simulation, quadrupole

3653

H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
D. Lipka, M. Werner
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Young
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

It is planned to install more than 140 button BPMs along the ESS linac. The BPMs will be used to measure the beam position and phase in all foreseen beam modes and to provide input to the Machine Interlock System. The phase measurement is mainly intended for cavity tuning and Time-Of-Flight energy measurements. A customized BPM detector based on the European XFEL button style has been designed for the cold linac through a collaboration with DESY. Large buttons with diameters up to 40 mm are foreseen to provide enough S/N ratio not only with the nominal beam, but also with a low-current or a de-bunched beam. A demo MTCA.4 system has been procured and successfully integrated into EPICS. Also, a customized Rear Transition Module for down-mixing the BPM signals will be developed with SLAC. Electronics tests with a BPM test bench are currently going on at ESS. BPM installation in the linac is foreseen for 2017 and afterwards.

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THPME167

Development of Non-invasive Transverse Profile Monitors for the ESS Linac

linac, proton, radiation, photon

3656

C. Roose, C. Böhme, I. Dolenc Kittelmann, A. Jansson, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Källberg
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS) consists of a partly superconducting linac which will deliver a 2 GeV proton beam to a rotating tungsten target. In this way, the ESS will be the world's most powerful neutron source. To measure the proton beams transverse profile at high intensity, the ESS develops two types of non-invasive profile devices. The first monitor is based on luminescence of the residual gas, the second one on ionization of the same gas. The latest developments of these profile monitors will be presented.

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THPME172

Experimental Results from the Characterization of Diamond Particle Detectors with a High Intensity Electron Beam

electron, experiment, radiation, impedance

3671

F. Burkart, R. Schmidt, O. Stein, D. Wollmann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Griesmayer
CIVIDEC Instrumentation, Wien, Austria

Understanding the sources of ultra-fast failures, with durations of less than 3 LHC turns, is important for a safe operation of the LHC, as only passive protection is possible in these time scales. Diamond particle detectors with bunch-by-bunch resolution and high dynamic range have been successfully used to improve the understanding of some new ultra-fast loss mechanisms discovered in the LHC. To fully exploit their potential, diamond detectors were characterized with a high-intensity electron beam (10⁵ to 1010 electrons per shot). For the first time their efficiency and linearity has been measured in such a wide range of intensities. In this paper the experimental setup will be described and the signals of the different detectors will be discussed. Finally, future applications of these detectors in high-radiation applications will be discussed.

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THPME175

A Beam Gas Vertex Detector for Beam Size Measurement in the LHC

target, injection, simulation, luminosity

3680

P. Hopchev, V. Baglin, C. Barschel, E. Bravin, G. Bregliozzi, N. Chritin, B. Dehning, M. Ferro-Luzzi, C. Gaspar, M. Giovannozzi, R. Jacobsson, L.K. Jensen, O.R. Jones, N.J. Jurado, V. Kain, M. Kuhn, B. Luthi, P. Magagnin, R. Matev, N. Neufeld, J. Panman, M.N. Rihl, V. Salustino Guimaraes, B. Salvant, R. Veness, E. van Herwijnen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Bay, F. Blanc, S. Gianì, G.J. Haefeli, T. Nakada, B. Rakotomiaramanana, O. Schneider, M. Tobin, Q.D. Veyrat, Z. Xu
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
R. Greim, W. Karpinski, T. Kirn, S. Schael, G. Schwering, M. Wlochal, A. von Dratzig
RWTH, Aachen, Germany
R. Matev
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Physics, Sofia, Bulgaria

The Beam Gas Vertex (BGV) detector is foreseen as a possible non-invasive beam size measurement instrument for the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. This technique is based on the reconstruction of beam gas interaction vertices, where the charged particles produced in inelastic beam gas interactions are measured with high-precision tracking detectors. The design studies and expected performance of the currently developed BGV prototype will be presented with an overview given of the associated vacuum, detector, and readout systems. A brief description will be given of the BGV Monte Carlo simulation application, which is based on the LHCb computing framework (Gaudi) and allows simulation studies to be performed and online event reconstruction algorithms to be developed.

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THPME177

A Novel Approach to Synchrotron Radiation Simulation

simulation, injection, radiation, synchrotron

3687

G. Trad, E. Bravin, A. Goldblatt, S. Mazzoni, F. Roncarolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Trad
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, synchrotron radiation (SR) is used to continuously monitor the transverse properties of the beams. Unfortunately the machine and beam parameters are such that the useful radiation emitted inside a separation dipole, chosen as source, is diffraction limited affecting heavily the accuracy of the measurement. In order to deconvolve the diffraction effects from the acquired beam images and in order to design an alternative monitor based on a double slit interferometer an extensive study of the synchrotron light source and of the optical propagation has been made. This study is based on simulations combining together several existing tools: SRW for the source, ZEMAX for the transport and MATLAB for the "glue" and analysis of the results. The resulting tool is very powerful and can be easily adapted to other synchrotron radiation problems. In this paper the simulation package and the way it is used will be described as well as the results obtained for the LHC and SPS cases.

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THPME183

Longitudinal Beam Profile Measurements of the Microbunching Instability

radiation, experiment, lattice, synchrotron

3706

W. Shields, A. Finn, P. Karataev
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bartolini, I.P.S. Martin, G. Rehm
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The microbunching instability is a phenomenon characterized by the onset of radiation bursts above a threshold bunch current. These bursts consist of coherent emissions with wavelengths comparable to the bunch length and shorter. The instability has recently been observed at Diamond Light Source, a 3rd generation synchrotron. The operating conditions for triggering the instability at Diamond Light Source are well known, however measuring the spectral content of the resulting emissions is a more challenging investigation. A Michelson interferometer has been installed with the aim of recording the coherent spectrum from the bunches, using ultra-fast response Schottky Barrier Diode detectors. The longitudinal profile of the bunches can be estimated with subsequent analysis.

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THPME185

Design and First Operation of a Silicon-based Non–invasive Beam Monitor

proton, experiment, operation, electronics

3712

T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
T. Cybulski, L.J. Devlin, K.P. Hennessy, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
T.J. Jones
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Kacperek, B. Marsland, I. Taylor, A. Wray
The Douglas Cyclotron, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom

Funding: Work supported by the EU under contract PITN-GA-2008-215080 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Non–invasive, highly accurate and reliable beam monitors are a desired aim of any beam diagnostics design. Knowledge of beam parameters is essential in fundamental research, industry or medical applications with varying demands. It is critical for the optimization of ion beams used for cancer treatment. Ocular tumor treatment at the Clatterbridge Cancer Center (CCC) uses a 60 MeV proton beam. Disturbances introduced to a beam by intercepting devices risk affecting its energy and energy spread, thereby limiting its effectiveness for treatment. The advantageous semi-circular structure of the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector has been investigated in the QUASAR Group. It is an interesting option for a non-invasive online beam monitor relying on beam ‘halo’ measurements without disturbing the part of the beam used for treatment. This contribution discusses the measurement method, setup design and integration within the CCC treatment beam line.

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THPME190

A Fibre Coupled, Low Power Laserwire Emittance Scanner at CERN LINAC4

laser, emittance, linac, background

3725

S.M. Gibson, G.E. Boorman, A. Bosco, K.O. Kruchinin
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
T. Hofmann, F. Roncarolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski, P. Savage
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The new LINAC4 will accelerate H⁻ ions to 160 MeV and ultimately replace the existing 50 MeV LINAC2 in the injector chain for the LHC upgrade. During commissioning in 2013, a laserwire scanner and diamond strip detector were installed for non-invasive emittance measurements of the 3 MeV H⁻ beam. Synergy with the 3 MeV H⁻ Front End Test Stand at RAL, has stimulated collaborative development of a novel laserwire system. A low peak power (8kW) pulsed laser is fibre-coupled for remote installation and alignment free operation. Motorized focusing optics enable remote control of the thickness and position of the laserwire delivered to the vacuum chamber, in which the laser light neutralises a small fraction of H⁻ ions. Undeflected by a dipole magnet, these H atoms drift downstream, where their spatial profile is recorded by a highly sensitive diamond strip detector with ns-time resolution. We present first tests of the laserwire emittance scanner, including measurements of the photo detachment signal with respect to the background from residual gas interactions. The first laserwire transverse beam profile and emittance measurements are compared with conventional slit-grid diagnostics.

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THPME191

Simulation Results of the FETS Laserwire Emittance Scanner

laser, ion, emittance, simulation

3729

K.O. Kruchinin, A. Bosco, S.M. Gibson, P. Karataev
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) has been developed to demonstrate a high current (60 mA) H⁻ beam with the energy of 3 MeV that will be required for future proton drivers. At such high power beam machine a non-invasive diagnostics is required. To measure the emittance of the ion beam a laserwire scanner is being developed. A high power laser will scan across the H⁻ ion beam. The H⁻ particles will be neutralized via a photo-detachment process producing a stream of fast neutral hydrogen atoms bearing information about the phase space distribution of the initial H⁻ beam. To design an effective detection system and optimize its parameters a simulation of the processes at the interaction point is required. We present recent simulation results of theц FETS laserwire system. Simulations were performed using measured data of the laser propagation and ion beam distribution, obtained with General Particle Tracer code.

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THPME196

Low Energy Coded Aperture Performance at the CesrTA x-Ray Beam Size Monitor

electron, synchrotron, photon, operation

3741

D.P. Peterson, J.P. Alexander, A. Chatterjee, M. P. Ehrlichman, B.K. Heltsley, A. Lyndaker, N.T. Rider, D. L. Rubin, R.D. Seeley, J.P. Shanks
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
J.W. Flanagan
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: U.S. National Science Foundation PHY-0734867, PHY-1002467, PHYS-1068662, U.S. Department of Energy DE-FC02-08ER41538, DE-SC0006505
We report on the design and performance of coded aperture optics elements in the CesrTA x-ray beam size monitor (xBSM). Resolution must be sufficient to allow single-turn measurements of vertical beam sizes of order 10um by imaging synchrotron radiation photons onto a one-dimensional photodiode array. Measurements with beam energies above 2.1GeV and current above 0.1mA can be performed with a single-slit (pinhole) optic. At lower energy or current, small beam size measurements are limited by the diffractive width of a pinhole image and counting statistics. A coded aperture is a multi-slit mask that can improve on the resolution of a pinhole in two ways: higher average transparency improves counting statistics; and the slit pattern and masking transparency can be designed to obtain a diffractive image with narrower features. We have previously implemented coded apertures that are uniform redundant arrays (URA). A new coded aperture design is optimized for imaging with 1.8 GeV beam energy (1.9keV average x-ray energy) and with beam sizes below 20um. Resolution measurements were made in December 2013. Performance of the new coded aperture is compared to the pinhole and the URA.

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THPRI002

DAΦNE General Consolidation and Upgrade

controls, vacuum, linac, quadrupole

3760

C. Milardi, D. Alesini, S. Bini, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, A. De Santis, G.O. Delle Monache, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, O. Frasciello, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, F. Iungo, C. Ligi, L. Pellegrino, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, C. Sanelli, G. Sensolini, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, M. Zobov
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
R. Gargana, A. Michelotti
Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy

In the first six months of 2013 the KLOE detector has been upgraded inserting new detector layers in the inner part of the apparatus, around the interaction region. The long shutdown has been used to undertake a general consolidation program aimed at improving the Φ-Factory operation stability and reliability and, in turn, the collider uptime. In this context several systems have been revised and upgraded, new diagnostic elements have been installed, some critical components have been modified and the interaction region mechanical support structure design has been developed to improve its mechanical stability and to deal with the weight added by the new detector layers.

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THPRI015

DAΦNE Transfer Line for KLOE-2 Physics Run

injection, controls, linac, electron

3797

A. De Santis, B. Buonomo, S. Cantarella, P. Ciuffetti, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, L.G. Foggetta, A. Ghigo, C. Milardi, R. Ricci, U. Rotundo, M. Serio, A. Stecchi, A. Stella
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
A. Michelotti
Consorzio Laboratorio Nicola Cabibbo, Frascati, Italy

The transfer lines of the DAΦNE accelerator complex have been revised and optimized in view of the forthcoming KLOE-2 physics run. The transfer lines consolidation activities involved low level systems, diagnostics tools and control system hardware modifications for the magnetic element switching polarity during the injection procedure. Transfer lines optics has been reviewed and optimized as well by a systematic study based on a MAD-X model. The work done determined a substantial improvement in the transfer lines stability and reproducibility, speeded up the injection procedure with a considerable reduction on the background hitting the experimental detector during the beam injection process.

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FRYCA01

Options and Prospects for the Future of Accelerator-based High-energy Physics

collider, coupling, proton, luminosity

4079

F. Gianotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Recent results from the LHC and other facilities have significantly impacted the landscape of particle physics. This talk summarises the main outstanding questions in high-energy physics and the strategy to address them. Options for future accelerator facilities and their motivations are discussed.

Slides FRYCA01 [16.139 MB]

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