IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (solenoid)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOZA01	Ultralow Emittance Beam Production based on Doppler Laser Cooling and Coupling Resonance	laser, ion, simulation, coupling	28
	A. Noda, M. Nakao NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany Z.Q. He FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Z.Q. He TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China K. Jimbo Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan H. Okamoto, K. Osaki HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan A.V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia H. Souda Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan Y. Yuri JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project by MEXT of Japan. It is also supported by GCOE project at Kyoto University, “The next generation of Physics-Spun from Universality" Doppler laser cooling has been applied to low-energy (40 keV) Mg ions together with the resonant coupling method* at the S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University,. The S-LSR storage ring has a high super periodicity of 6, which is preferable from the beam dynamical point of view. At S-LSR one dimensional ordering of proton beam was already realized for the first time*. Active three dimensional laser cooling has been experimentally demonstrated for ions with un-negligible velocity (v/c=0.0019, where c is the light velocity) for the first time. Utilizing the above mentioned characteristics of S-LSR, an approach to realize ultralow emittances has been pursuit. To suppress heating effects, due to intra-beam scattering, the circulating ion beam intensity was reduced by scraping and beam emittances of 1.3·10^-11 pi m·rad and 8.5·10^-12 pi m·rad (normalized) have been realized for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively with the 40 keV Mg ion beam at a beam intensity of ~10⁴, which is the lowest emittance ever attained by laser cooling. From MD computer simulations, it is predicted that reduction of the ion number to about 10³ is needed to realize a crystalline string. H. Okamoto, A.M. Sessler, D. Moehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 397 (1994). ** T. Shirai et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 204801 (2007).
	Slides MOZA01 [13.336 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOZA01
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MOOCA02	RF Design and Operation of a Modular Cavity for Muon Ionization Cooling R&D	cavity, instrumentation, vacuum, operation	42
	Y. Torun IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA D.L. Bowring, M.A. Palmer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science through the Muon Accelerator Program. Ionization cooling channel designs call for the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF cavities in multi-Tesla solenoidal magnetic fields. However, strong magnetic fields have been shown in some cases to limit the maximum achievable gradient in RF cavities. This gradient limit is characterized by RF breakdown and damage to the cavity surface. To study this issue, we have developed an experimental program at Fermilab's MuCool Test Area (MTA) based on a modular pillbox cavity operating at 805 MHz. The modular cavity design allows for the evaluation of different cavity geometries and materials – such as beryllium – which may ameliorate or circumvent RF breakdown triggers. We present a summary of recent results and plans for the future of the MTA normal conducting RF cavity program.
	Slides MOOCA02 [32.552 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOOCA02
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MOPRO004	Polarized Ion Beams in Figure-8 Rings of JLab's MEIC	polarization, collider, controls, ion	68
	Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA Y. Filatov JINR, Dubna, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is designed to provide high polarization of both colliding beams. One of the unique features of JLab’s MEIC is figure-8 shape of its rings. It allows preservation and control of polarization of all ion species including small-anomalous-magnetic-moment deuterons during their acceleration and storage. The figure-8 design conceptually expands the capability of obtaining polarized high-energy beams in comparison to conventional designs because of its property of having no preferred periodic spin direction. This allows one to control effectively the beam polarization by means of magnetic insertions with small field integrals. We present a complete scheme for preserving the ion polarization during all stages of acceleration and its control in the collider’s experimental straights.
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MOPRO006	Preservation of Electron Polarization in the MEIC Collider Ring	polarization, electron, collider, injection	74
	F. Lin, Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA D.P. Barber DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. A highly longitudinally-polarized (over 70%) electron beam is required by the nuclear physics programme of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab (JLab). To achieve this goal, a highly vertically-polarized electron beam is injected from the CEBAF. The polarization will be vertical in the arcs to avoid spin diffusion, and longitudinal at the collision points. The polarization rotation will be accomplished by using a total of four spin rotators, each of which consists of a set of solenoids and dipoles, placed at the ends of two arcs. The polarization configuration cancels the 1st order spin perturbation in the solenoids for the off-momentum particles and significantly reduces the synchrotron sideband resonances. In order to compensate the net Sokolov-Ternov depolarization effect, especially at higher energies, a continuous injection of a polarized electron beam from the CEBAF is being considered. We consider to perform a moderate spin matching in some key regions to extend the polarization lifetime so that the continuous injection can work more efficiently, while not imposing a burden on the optics design of the collider ring.
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MOPRO011	Employing Twin Crabbing Cavities to Address Variable Transverse Coupling of Beams in the MEIC*	electron, proton, cavity, coupling	80
	A. Castilla DCI-UG, León, Mexico A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
	Funding: *Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The design strategy of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab contemplates both matching of the emittance aspect ratios and a 50 mrad crossing angle along with crab crossing scheme for both electron and ion beams over the energy range (√s=20-70 GeV) to achieve high luminosities at the interaction points (IPs). However, the desired locations for placing the crabbing cavities may include regions where the transverse degrees of freedom of the beams are coupled with variable coupling strength that depends on the collider rings’ magnetic elements (solenoids and skew quadrupoles). In this work we explore the feasibility of employing twin rf dipoles that produce a variable direction crabbing kick to account for a range of transverse coupling of both beams.
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MOPME031	SolCalc: A Suite for the Calculation and the Display of Magnetic Fields Generated by Solenoid Systems	GUI, software, superconductivity, interface	445
	M.L. Lopes Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	SolCalc is a software suite that computes and displays magnetic fields generated by a three dimensional (3D) solenoid system. Examples of such systems are the Mu2e magnet system and Helical Solenoids for muon cooling systems. SolCalc was originally coded in Matlab, and later upgraded to a compiled version (called MEX) to improve solving speed. Matlab was chosen because its graphical capabilities represent an attractive feature over other computer languages. Solenoid geometries can be created using any text editor or spread sheets and can be displayed dynamically in 3D. Fields are computed from any given list of coordinates. The field distribution on the surfaces of the coils can be displayed as well. SolCalc was benchmarked against a well-known commercial software for speed and accuracy and the results compared favorably.
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MOPME033	Beam Dynamics in an Electron Lens with the Warp Particle-in-cell Code	electron, simulation, collider, gun	451
	G. Stancari Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA V. Moens EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC operates Fermilab under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. Research supported in part by US LARP and EU FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404. Electron lenses are a mature technique for beam manipulation in colliders and storage rings. In an electron lens, a pulsed, magnetically confined electron beam with a given current-density profile interacts with the circulating beam to obtain the desired effect. Electron lenses were used in the Fermilab Tevatron collider for beam-beam compensation, for abort-gap clearing, and for halo scraping. They will be used in RHIC at BNL for head-on beam-beam compensation, and their application to the Large Hadron Collider for halo control is under development. At Fermilab, electron lenses will be implemented as lattice elements for nonlinear integrable optics. The design of electron lenses requires tools to calculate the kicks and wakefields experienced by the circulating beam. We use the Warp particle-in-cell code to study generation, transport, and evolution of the electron beam. For the first time, a fully 3-dimensional code is used for this purpose.
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MOPME051	Turbo Generators for Powering the HV-solenoids at the HESR Electron Cooler	electron, high-voltage, power-supply, acceleration	492
	A. Hofmann, K. Aulenbacher, M.W. Bruker, J. Dietrich, T. Weilbach HIM, Mainz, Germany M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, V.B. Reva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	New experiments at the planned 'High Energy Storage Ring' (HESR) require magnetised electron cooling. One of the challenges is the powering of the HV-solenoids, because they are located on HV-sections, which sit on an electrical potential inside a high voltage vessel. We discuss a Multi-MV system where the solenoids are powered by a series of cascade transformers which are in turn supplied by turbogenerators. The usage of SF6 as turbine fluid is desirable from the viewpoint of operational stability and may also lead to energy efficient operation of the turboexpanders since a Organic Rankine-cycle (so-called ORC-process) may be used instead of electrically driven compressors. The paper gives an overview of the turbo generator and ORC project: an introduction, a status report and a road map will be given.
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MOPRI001	Induced Heating Power Evaluation in RIB Transfer Line of SPIRAL2	ion, beam-losses, space-charge, ECR	570
	N.Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia D. Boutin, F.R. Osswald IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
	Radioactive Ion Beams of SPIRAL2 project will be produced in the ECR ion source using the Helium as supporting gas. RIB transported in the transfer lines have a multi-component structure and total current of the beams is defined by Helium ions. The total power of Helium component may reach 300 W. The focusing force acting on the ions in the transfer beam line is strongly dependent on mass-to-charge ratio (this is valid for magnetic optical elements). For this reason supporting gas ions will be lost at initial part of the beam line between ECR ion source and analyzing magnet. The Helium beam losses and induced heating power density at the wall of vacuum tube in RIB transfer line of SPIRAL2 during transportation of Ar, Xe and U ion beam are evaluated in this report.
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MOPRI004	SuperKEKB Positron Source Construction Status	positron, electron, target, operation	579
	T. Kamitani, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, A. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funakoshi, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, E. Kadokura, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, H. Katagiri, M. Kikuchi, H. Koiso, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Mimashi, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, T. Mori, A. Morita, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, M. Sato, T. Shidara, A. Shirakawa, M. Suetake, H. Sugimoto, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, M. Tawada, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, L. Zang, X. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan D. Satoh TIT, Tokyo, Japan
	The KEKB positron source is under the upgrade for SuperKEKB. The previous positron production target and capture section have been removed and the new system is constructed at a location forty meters upstream to have sufficient energy margin for beam injection to the newly introduced damping ring. A flux concentrator is introduced in the new capture section to make an adiabatic matching system. Large aperture (30mm in diameter) S-band accelerating structures are introduced in the capture section and in the subsequent accelerator module to enlarge the transverse phase space acceptance. The beam focusing system of quadrupoles is also upgraded for a comparable beam acceptance to that of the capture section. This paper reports on the status of the SuperKEKB positron source construction and the preliminary positron beam commissioning.
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MOPRI007	Design and Simulation of a High Intensity Muon Beam Production for Neutrino Experiments.	target, proton, emittance, factory	589
	H. K. Sayed, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The production process of pions which then decay into muons, yields a muon beam with large transverse and longitudinal emittances. Such beam requires phase space manipulation to reduce the total 6D emittance before it could go through any acceleration stage. The design of the muon beam manipulation is based on Neutrino Factory front end design. In this study we report on a multi objective - multivariable global optimization of the front end using parallel genetic algorithm. The parallel optimization algorithm and the optimization strategy will be discussed and the optimized results will be presented as well.
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MOPRI013	Development of a 14.5 – 18 GHz ECR Ion Source at University of Huelva	ion, ECRIS, injection, ion-source	607
	I. Martel, C. Bonțoiu, A.C.C. Villari University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain A. Garbayo AVS, Elgoibar, Spain A.C.C. Villari FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. A double-frequency ECR ion source has been modelled numerically for high-efficiency ion production from protons to uranium. The simulations were targeted at optimizing magnetic confinement of the hot electrons through an iterative design of three solenoids and a dodecapole. In addition a plasma production model has been implemented in order to study ion species yield from neutral gases and their drift towards the cold plasma regions. Eventually, ion extraction and beam capture in the space-charge regime have been performed. Mechanical design studies approached the plasma chamber cooling and magnet coils refrigeration.
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MOPRI014	Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS	extraction, ion, power-supply, ion-source	611
	D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.
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MOPRI043	Study of a C-band Standing-wave Gun for the SwissFEL Injector	gun, cathode, coupling, emittance	698
	M. Schaer, S. Bettoni, A. Citterio, P. Craievich, M. Negrazus, L. Stingelin, R. Zennaro PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The baseline design of the SwissFEL injector foresees the "PSI Gun 1", a 2.6-cell RF photo-cathode gun operating at S-band frequency, as the electron source. In this paper a new design is presented where a 5.6-cell C-band gun could replace the PSI Gun 1 with no impact on the rest of the injector setup. A conservative maximum gradient of 135 MV/m at the cathode is assumed which drives the electron beam faster into the relativistic regime and therefore allows to tolerate larger charge densities. The presented solution also foresees a coaxial RF coupling from the cathode side in order to place the gun solenoid as near to the photo-cathode as possible, improving the emittance compensation. Astra simulations showed that the transverse beam brightness can be doubled before the first bunch compressor preserving the low transverse emittance value as compared to the current design for the S-band injector configuration of SwissFEL.
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MOPRI073	Status of the HESR Electron Cooler Test Set-up	electron, gun, diagnostics, vacuum	771
	M.W. Bruker, K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich, S. Friederich, T. Weilbach HIM, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany
	For the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR, it is planned to install an electron cooling device with a beam current of 3 A and a beam energy of 8 MeV. A test set-up was built at Helmholtz-Insitut Mainz (HIM) to conduct a feasibility study. One of the main goals of the test set-up is to evaluate the gun design proposed by TSL (Uppsala) with respect to vacuum handling, electric and magnetic fields, and the resulting beam parameters. Another purpose of the set-up is to reduce recuperation losses to less than 10^-5. To measure this quantity and to mitigate collection losses, a Wien filter has been designed and installed. Beam diagnostics will be carried out with a COSY-style beam position monitor. The latest progress of the project is presented.
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MOPRI086	Status of the PXIE Low Energy Beam Transport Line	ion, ion-source, rfq, emittance	812
	L.R. Prost, R. Andrews, A.Z. Chen, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.T.P. D'Arcy UCL, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy A CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac (a.k.a. PIP-II) is envisaged as a possible path for upgrading Fermilab’s injection complex [1]. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator (a.k.a. PXIE) [2] is under construction. The warm part of this accelerator comprises a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2m-long LEBT, a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, and a MEBT that feeds the first cryomodule. In addition to operating in the nominal CW mode, the LEBT should be able to produce a pulsed beam for both PXIE commissioning and modelling of the front-end nominal operation in the pulsed mode. Concurrently, it needs to provide effective means of inhibiting beam as part of the overall machine protection system. A peculiar feature of the present LEBT design is the capability of using the ~1m-long section immediately preceding the RFQ in two regimes of beam transport dynamics: neutralized and space charge dominated. This paper introduces the PXIE LEBT, reports on the status of the ion source and LEBT installation, and presents the first beam measurements.
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TUYA01	First Experience with Electron Lenses for Beam-beam Compensation in RHIC	electron, emittance, hadron, proton	913
	W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, X. Gu, J. Hock, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, C. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, A.I. Pikin, T. Samms, Y. Tan, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S.M. White BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The head-on beam-beam interaction is the dominant luminosity limiting effect in polarized proton operation in RHIC. To mitigate this effect two electron lenses were installed in the two RHIC rings. We summarize the hardware and electron beam commissioning results to date, and report on the first experience with the electron-hadron beam interaction. In 2014 RHIC is operating with gold beams only. In this case the luminosity is not limited by head-on beam-beam interactions and compensation is not necessary. The goals of this year’s commissioning efforts are a test of all instrumentation; the demonstration of electron and gold beam overlap; the demonstration of electron beam parameters that are sufficiently stable to have no negative impact on the gold beam lifetime; and the measurement of the tune footprint compression from the beam overlap. With these demonstrations, and a lattice with a phase advance that has a multiple of 180 degrees between the beam-beam interaction and electron lens locations, head-on beam-beam compensation can be commissioned in the following year with proton beams.
	Slides TUYA01 [11.776 MB]
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TUZB02	Prospects for the use of HTS in High-field Magnets for Future Accelerator Facilities	dipole, operation, quadrupole, focusing	974
	A. Ballarino CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The enthusiasm that followed the discovery of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) and the hope that they could replace Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) was damped by low current-carrying capacity, short piece lengths, and fragility of the brittle oxide materials. Development of applications was mainly on devices less demanding of conductor performance. However, with continuing development, progress was made with the cuprate superconductors, and long lengths of BSCCO 2223 and REBCO tape conductors are now commercially available. Progress has also been made in the development of BSSCO 2212 round wire, where implementation of a new production process has led to a breakthrough in performance. Though still at the research level, attainments in material synthesis and theoretical understanding of iron-based materials may lead to their development into practical superconductors, featuring high upper critical field and low anisotropy. A review of the potential of HTS as applied to accelerators is presented, with a focus on using the presently available materials and on the perceived needs for further development.
	Slides TUZB02 [2.331 MB]
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TUPRO054	Preliminary Design of a LEBT for HIAF Linac at IMP	ion, ion-source, rfq, quadrupole	1153
	Y. Yang, Y. He, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Funding: National Basic Research Program of China (contract No. 2014CB845500) and the 100 Talents Program of the CAS ( No. Y214160BR0) and China Nature Science Foundation (contract No. 11221064). Heavy-Ion Advanced Research Facility (HIAF) is a new project proposed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in China. HIAF project accelerator is composed of intense ion beam sources, injector superconducting LINAC, acceleration and accumulation storage ring, a collection ring and a collider ring. To achieve the ultimate project goal, HIAF accelerator requires the ion source to provide very high intensity of heavy ion beams, such as 1.7 emA 238U³⁴⁺ with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse length of 0.5 ms. No state-of-the-art ion source can meet the needs. As a baseline of the project, a high performance superconducting ECR ion source, which is designed to be operational at the microwave frequency of 40-60 GHz will be adopted to produce the pulsed beam of interest for the HIAF accelerator. To transport and match the beams from ECR to the downstream RFQ, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) is needed. This paper presents a preliminary design of the LEBT and the beam dynamics in the LEBT.
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TUPRO057	Solenoid Siberian Snake Without Compensation of Betatron Oscillation Coupling in Nuclotron@JINR	betatron, coupling, lattice, focusing	1162
	Y. Filatov, V.A. Mikhaylov JINR, Dubna, Russia A.V. Butenko, A.D. Kovalenko JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia Y. Filatov MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The influence of solenoids on spin is very efficient, but beam focusing is determined mainly by structural quadru-poles. The condition of stable orbital motion of particles does not require compensation of the betatron oscillation coupling. To reduce the influence of the Snake on orbital motion it is desirable to exclude compensating quads completely. The design of solenoid Siberian snake for the Nuclotron lattice is presented. The orbital functions of the lattice were calculated and the results are discussed.
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TUPRO077	AGS Snake Stories	injection, kicker, extraction, resonance	1220
	F. Méot, Y. Dutheil, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J. Takano J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This contribution re-visits fields, particle motion, and spin precession in the AGS helical polarization snakes. The work was undertaken in preparation of orbit and spin modeling for future polarized proton and helion runs at RHIC. The investigations include re-computation of 3-D OPERA field maps of the helical snakes and particle and spin tracking. There is a series of sub-products of this study, amongst others, the appropriate settings of the AGS cold snake when changing its strength, cold snake settings for polarized helion programs, non-linear coupling in the AGS, the transport of the stable polarization axis from the AGS to RHIC injection kickers, and in addition, a series of high accuracy 3-D field maps have been produced, in view of long-term tracking in the AGS for beam and polarization transmission studies.
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TUPRO078	AREAL Solenoid, Dipole and Steering Magnets Design and Performance	dipole, electron, simulation, magnet-design	1223
	A.V. Tsakanian, H. Gagiyan, A.A. Gevorgyan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, M. Manukyan, T.H. Mkrtchyan, S. Naghdalyan, A.S. Simonyan, V. V. Vardanyan CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia
	The AREAL solenoid, dipole and corrector magnets design, simulations and performance are presented. A solenoid magnet will be used for the focusing of the low energy (E~5MeV) electron beam after RF gun as well as in the beam diagnostic section. The magnetic iron cover of solenoid provides return path for magnetic field screening effectively the field in the outer space and concentrating it inside solenoid gap. The dipole magnet is part of the spectrometer for beam energy spread measurements. An Iron-free corrector magnet design allows independent horizontal and vertical beam steering. The design optimization and magnetic field calculations are performed using CST-EM Studio. A good agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained.
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TUPRO095	Using One-dimensional Hall Probe to Measure the Solenoid Magnet for CSNS/RCS	linac, collimation, synchrotron, insertion	1262
	Z. Zhang, S. Li, F. Long, X.J. Sun IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Abstract CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source) construction is expected to start in 2010 and will last 6.5 years. A long beam transport line is followed with the DTL linac to send the beam a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) accelerator. The beam will be focused by the solenoid magnet. This magnet will be located in LEBT system. It has been used with one-dimensional Hall probe to measurement by Institute of High Energy Physics, China. After the measurement, the measurement results meet the design requirements.
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TUPRO116	Conceptual Design of the Muon Cooling Channel to Incorporate RF Cavities	dipole, quadrupole, controls, cavity	1325
	S.A. Kahn, G. Flanagan, F. Marhauser Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA M.L. Lopes, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE STTR/SBIR grant DE-SC00006266 A helical cooling channel (HCC) consisting of a pressurized gas absorber imbedded in a magnetic channel that provides solenoid, helical dipole and helical quadrupole fields has been shown to provide six-dimensional phase space reduction for muon beams. Such a channel can be implemented by a helical solenoid (HS) composed of short solenoid coils arranged in a helical pattern. The magnetic channel will provide the desired Bphi, Bz, and dBphi/dr along the reference path. The channel must allow enough space for RF cavities which replace energy lost in the absorber material present for the cooling process. The study will describe how to achieve the desired field while allowing sufficient space for the cavities. The limits to this design imposed by the achievable current density in the coils will be discussed.
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TUPME011	The Status of the Construction of MICE Step IV	experiment, emittance, coupling, cavity	1364
	P. Snopok IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA E. Overton Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
	Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment will provide the demonstration ionization cooling. The experiment is being built in a series of Steps. Step IV, which consists of a tracking spectrometer upstream and downstream of an absorber/focus-coil (AFC) module will be completed in early in 2015. In this configuration, the emittance of the muon beam upstream and downstream of the absorber will be measured precisely allowing the emittance reduction and the factors that determine the ionization cooling effect to be studied in detail. The AFC module is a 22 liter volume of liquid hydrogen placed inside a superconducting focusing coil. The properties of lithium hydride, and possibly other absorber materials, will also be studied. All the components of Step IV have been manufactured and integration of the experiment in the MICE Hall at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is underway. A full study of ionization cooling will be carried out with Step V, which will include a short 201 MHz linac module in which beam transport is achieved with a superconducting “coupling coil”. The status of the preparation of the components of Step V of the experiment will be described briefly.
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TUPME014	Development of Six-dimensional Helical Muon Beam Cooling Channel for Muon Colliders	emittance, cavity, collider, magnet-design	1373
	K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A six-dimensional (6D) helical muon beam cooling channel (HCC) has been developed for a last decade. The practical HCC lattice parameters were optimized for the cooling performance in theoretical and numerical simulations. The HCC design group has been formed and has begun the machine development to realize the channel. Recent accomplishments and present critical issues are discussed in the presentation.
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TUPME015	Study Cooling Performance in a Helical Cooling Channel for Muon Colliders	emittance, simulation, collider, plasma	1376
	K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The cooling performance in a six-dimensional helical muon beam cooling channel (HCC) has been studied in various beam lattice parameters. We show that the HCC works with a practical beam parameter.
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TUPME016	Status of the Complete Muon Cooling Channel Design and Simulations	emittance, collider, simulation, luminosity	1379
	C.Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, S.A. Kahn, F. Marhauser Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA Y.I. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, A.V. Sy JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-SC 0007634. Muon colliders could provide the most sensitive measurement of the Higgs mass and return the US back to the Energy Frontier. Central to the capabilities of such muon colliders are the cooling channels that provide the extraordinary reduction in emittance required for the precise Higgs mass measurement and increased luminosity for enhanced discovery potential of an Energy Frontier Machine. We present the status of the design and simulation of a complete muon cooling channel that is based on the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC), which operates via continuous emittance exchange to enable the most efficient design.
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TUPME017	Design and Simulation of a Matching System into the Helical Cooling Channel	emittance, collider, simulation, operation	1382
	C.Y. Yoshikawa MuPlus, Inc., Newport News, Virginia, USA Y.I. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, S.A. Kahn, F. Marhauser Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, A.V. Sy JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-SC 0007634. Muon colliders could provide the most sensitive measurement of the Higgs mass and return the US back to the Energy Frontier. Central to the capabilities of muon colliders are the cooling channels that provide the extraordinary reduction in emittance required for the precise Higgs mass measurement and increased luminosity for enhanced discovery potential of an Energy Frontier Machine. The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) is able to achieve such emittance reduction and matching sections within the HCC have been successfully designed in the past with lossless transmission and no emittance growth. However, matching into the HCC from a straight solenoid poses a challenge, since a large emittance beam must cross transition. We elucidate on the challenge and present evaluations of two solutions, along with concepts to integrate the operations of a Charge Separator and match into the HCC.
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TUPME019	Design and Simulation of a High Field - low energy Muon Ionization Cooling Channel	emittance, focusing, simulation, scattering	1386
	H. K. Sayed, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Muon beams are generated with inherited large transverse and longitudinal emittances. In order to achieve low emittance within the short lifetime of the muons, the only feasible cooling scheme is the ionization cooling. In this study we present a design and simulation of a novel ionization cooling channel. The channel operates at a very strong magnetic fields of 25-30 T with low muon beam energy starting from 66 MeV and decreasing gradually. We study the beam dynamics of such low energy beam in high field region inside and between cooling stages. Key design parameters will be presented and in addition the performance and channel requirements of RF cavities and high field magnets will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME019
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TUPME020	Complete Six-dimensional Muon Cooling Channel for a Muon Collider	emittance, collider, lattice, focusing	1389
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We describe a complete 6D rectilinear cooling scheme for use in a Muon Collider. This scheme uses separate 6D cooling channels for the two signs of particle charge. In each, a channel first reduces the emittance of a train of 21 muon bunches until it becomes possible to merge them into a single bunch, one of each sign. The single bunches are then sent through a second rectilinear channel for further cooling towards the requirements of a Muon Collider. We adopt this approach for a new cooling lattice design for the Muon Collider, and for the first time present a end-to-end simulation. We review key parameters such as the required focusing fields, absorber lengths, cavity frequencies and rf gradients. *D. Stratakis et al., Phys. Rev. ST AB 16, 091001 (2013).
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TUPME022	Design and Optimization of a Particle Selection System for Muon based Accelerators	proton, target, simulation, factory	1395
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. In Muon Accelerators muons are produced by impacting high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. Through this process a significant background of protons and electrons are generated, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine. In this paper we propose a two-step particle selection scheme: a chicane to remove the high momentum particles from the beam and a Beryllium block absorber that reduces momentum of all particles in the beam, resulting in the loss of low momentum protons. We review the design and numerically examine its impact on the performance of the muon front-end.
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TUPME023	Overview of a muon capture section for muon accelerators	proton, target, cavity, bunching	1398
	D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, H. K. Sayed BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We describe a muon capture section to manipulate the longitudinal and transverse phase-space so that to collect efficiently a muon beam produced from an intense proton source target. We show that this can be achieved by using a set of properly tuned rf cavities that captures the beam into string of bunches and aligns them into nearly equal central energies, and a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles. This work elucidates the key parameters that are needed for successful muon capture, such as the required rf frequencies, rf gradients and focusing field. We discuss the sensitivity in performance against the number of different rf frequencies and accelerating rf gradient.
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TUPME034	Transport and Energy Selection of Laser Produced Beams for Medical Research and Multidisciplinary Applications	laser, quadrupole, target, focusing	1425
	M.M. Maggiore INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy G.A.P. Cirrone, F. Romano, F. Schillaci, A. Tramontana INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy V. Scuderi ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
	Ion beams produced by the interaction of high-power laser with thin targets are being characterized experimentally around the world in order to get a reasonable amount of particles with low divergence and narrow energy spread for medical and multidisciplinary applications. Several schemes about the energy selection and transport of laser accelerated beams have been considered and tested, however the energy spread of the selected particles remains rather high and the reproducibility has not been yet achieved. In the framework of the ELIMED network, we present a study of a possible layout to capture and transport in an efficient and reproducible way, the beams generated by the laser-target interaction. It consists of a combination of quadrupoles based on permanent magnets placed just downstream the target, coupled with a system composed by a series of 4 dipole magnets of inverted polarity, which provides the final energy selection of the previously focused beam. Such a system will be tested in 2014 at TARANIS facility to select proton beams in the energy range of 4-8 MeV; the main scheme can be scaled for the high energy beam that are expected at ELI-beamlines facility.
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TUPRI003	Simulating the Production and Eﬀects of Dark Currents in MICE Steps V and VI	electron, cavity, experiment, simulation	1556
	C. Hunt, J. Pasternak, M.A. Uchida Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	Funding: STFC The completion of the international Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) Step V will involve the construction, commissioning and use of RF cavity and Coupling Coil (RFCC) Modules. The RFCCs consist of 4 RF cavities and a solenoid magnet, and are expected to act as a source of potentially damaging electrons (dark currents) and X-rays. Ongoing work to create a high-statistics simulation of the dark current production, within RF cavities, is described. Current results predict the energy and angular spectra of emitted electrons for an RFCC, and include particle tracking, realistic field maps and ionisation energy losses in cavity windows. Individual electron emitters, parametrised by the Fowler-Nordheim equation, are used and are user-definable, allowing potential worst-case scenarios to be simulated and upper/lower limits for the total dark current to be estimated. These data are being used within the MICE Analysis and User Software (MAUS) to estimate the potential detector backgrounds and the damage that may be inflicted upon the scintillating fibre trackers.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRI003
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TUPRI008	Target System Concept for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory	target, proton, factory, collider	1568
	K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
	A concept is presented for a Target System in a staged scenario for a Neutrino Factory and eventual Muon Collider, with emphasis on initial operation with a 6.75 GeV proton beam of 1 MW power, and 50 Hz of pulses 3-ns long. A radiation cooled graphite target will be used in the initial configuration, with an option to replace this with a free-liquid-metal-jet target should 4-MW beam power become available at a later stage.
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TUPRI015	Transverse Emittance Compensation for the Rossendorf SRF Gun II	gun, SRF, cavity, electron	1582
	H. Vennekate, A. Arnold, P.N. Lu, P. Murcek, J. Teichert, R. Xiang HZDR, Dresden, Germany T. Kamps HZB, Berlin, Germany P. Kneisel JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: We acknowledge the support of the EU Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP7 program (EuCARD-2, 312453) and of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research grant 05K12CR1. Superconducting RF particle sources combine the advantages of normal conducting RF sources and high duty cycle non-RF sources. The Rossendorf SRF gun was the first to demonstrate this injecting electrons into the ELBE accelerator at 13 MHz. Recently, a new 3-1/2-gun cavity has been prepared at Jefferson Lab for its use in an updated injector which is expected to increase the electron energy from 2.4 to 7.5 MeV. Along with this new cavity, a new gun cryostat has been introduced. It combines several minor updates to the setup with the installation of a superconducting solenoid right at the exit of the gun, compensating the emittance growth of the electron bunch at an early stage. The poster is going to conclude the results of the commissioning of the new cryostat including the solenoid and compare it to the prior concept using a normal conducting solenoid outside the cryostat. As it is of great importance to this subject, studies of the magnetic shielding are going to be presented as well.
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WEPRO116	Direct High Power Laser Diagnostic Technique Based on Focused Electron Bunch	electron, laser, scattering, experiment	2242
	R. Sato, A. Endo, K. Nonomura, K. Sakaue, M. Washio, Y. Yoshida Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
	In laser produced plasma EUV source, high intensity pulse CO2 laser is essential for plasma generation. To achieve high conversion efficiency and stable EUV power, we desire to measure laser profile in collision point. However, focused laser profile has not been observed directory by existing techniques. We have been developing laser profiler based on laser Compton scattering. Laser profile can be measured by scanning focused electron beam while measuring Compton scattering signal. This method is suitable for a high intensity laser, but very small spot size of electron beam is required. To achieve small spot size, we use S-band photocathode rf gun and special design solenoid lens. The beam size was simulated by General particle tracer (GPT) and directory measured by Gafchromic film HD-810. We have succeeded in observing minimum beam size of about 20 μm rms. We are preparing beam scanning system, pulse CO2 laser and a detector for Compton signal. In this conference, we will report the results of focused electron beam measurement and future prospective. Work supported by NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).
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WEPME009	Principles for Design of High Power Pulsed Microwave Devices and Devices with Low Operating Voltage for Accelerators	klystron, gun, electron, controls	2273
	K.G. Simonov, A.A. Borisov, I.I. Golenitskiy, A.V. Mamontov, A.N. Yunakov ISTOK, Moscow Region, Russia O.A. Morozov Research and Production Co. "MAGRATEP", Fryazino, Russia
	The principle of obtaining the extra-high pulsed power at significantly lower operating voltages by creating klystrons with magnetron gun; location of several such klystrons in a single solenoid with a homogeneous magnetic field and summing their output capacities is proposed. The principle of designing of high-power klystron with multi-beam magnetron gun with anode modulation and several energy outputs is proposed. The principle of designing of high-power klystron magnetron gun with multi-beam magnetron gun with control electrode modulation and several energy outputs is proposed. Are given the results of theoretical studies demonstrating the feasibility of such devices and high-power microwave systems based on them. During development of principles of obtaining an extra-high power were used the design of single-beam klystron with magnetron gun with control electrode modulation created at RPC "Istok".
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WEPRI086	Three Dimensional Field Analysis for Final Focus Magnet System at SuperKEKB	detector, quadrupole, multipole, octupole	2690
	Y. Arimoto, N. Ohuchi, M. Tawada, K. Tsuchiya, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong KEK, Ibaraki, Japan B. Parker, P. Wanderer BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	SuperKEKB is an upgrade accelerator of KEKB with a design luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1. The design is based on a "nano-beam scheme", where vertical beam size is squeezed into 50 nm at an interaction point. One of key component is a final focus magnet system. The focusing system consists of 4-superconducting (SC) quadrupole doublets, 43 SC-correctors, 4 SC-compensation solenoids. They are aligned in a detector (Belle-II) solenoid which generates a longitudinal field of 1.5 T. The system are packed in a small area and also has magnetic shields. So it is expected an entire magnetic field of the system is not one which is linearly-superimposed field of each magnet. Here a study of three dimensional field analysis for the final focus magnet system will be presented.
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WEPRI096	Mu2e Magnetic Measurements	detector, electron, target, experiment	2719
	M. Buehler, M.A. Tartaglia, J.C. Tompkins Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA C.R. Orozco University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
	The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation by searching for muon-to-electron conversion. The magnetic field generated by a system of solenoids is crucial for Mu2e and requires accurate characterization to detect any flaws and to produce a detailed field map. Stringent physics goals are driving magnetic field specifications for the Mu2e solenoids. A field mapper is being designed, which will produce detailed magnetic field maps. The uniform field region of the spectrometer volume requires the highest level of precision (1 Gauss per 1 Tesla). During commissioning, multiple magnetic field maps will be generated to verify proper alignment of all magnet coils, and to create the final magnetic field map. In order to design and build a precise field mapping system consisting of Hall and NRM probes, tolerances and precision for such a system need to be evaluated. In this paper we present a design for the Mu2e field mapping hardware, and discuss results from OPERA-3D simulations to specify parameters for Hall and NMR probes. We also present a fitting procedure for the analytical treatment of our expected magnetic measurements.
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WEPRI100	Magnetic Design Constraints of Helical Solenoids	dipole, simulation, beam-cooling, emittance	2731
	M.L. Lopes, S. Krave, J.C. Tompkins, K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA G. Flanagan, S.A. Kahn Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA K.E. Melconian Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
	Helical solenoids have been proposed as an option for a Helical Cooling Channel for muons in a proposed Muon Collider. Helical solenoids can provide the required three main field components: solenoidal, helical dipole, and a helical gradient. In general terms, the last two are a function of many geometric parameters: coil aperture, coil radial and longitudinal dimensions, helix period and orbit radius. In this paper, we present design studies of a Helical Solenoid, addressing the geometric tunability limits and auxiliary correction system.
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WEPRI103	Magnet Design for a Six-dimensional Rectilinear Cooling Channel - Feasibility Study	dipole, simulation, emittance, collider	2740
	H. Witte, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA F. Borgnolutti LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. An essential part of a potential future muon collider is ionization cooling, which is required to reduce the emittance of the muon beam. A new scheme has recently been proposed which in simulations shows an improved performance in terms of cooling efficiency and transmitted muons. The lattice of this cooling channel consists of 12 stages, each of which requires different superconducting solenoids. The most challenging stage is the last one, where the solenoids are expected to deliver 15.1T in a bore of ~4.5 cm. This paper discusses the feasibility of the solenoids for the last stage of this lattice.
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THOBA02	Status of the Emittance Transfer Experiment Emtex	emittance, quadrupole, coupling, injection	2798
	M.T. Maier, L. Groening, C. Mühle, I. Pschorn, P. Rottländer, C. Will, C. Xiao GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Chung Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	In order to improve the injection efficiency of the round UNILAC heavy ion beam into the asymmetric acceptance of the SIS18 it would be of great advantage to decrease the horizontal emittance by a so called emittance transfer to the vertical plane. In this contribution the present status of the emittance transfer experiment EMTEX at GSI will be reported. A short introduction about the theoretical background of the technique will be given, while the main part is dedicated to the practical solutions setting up a test beam line at GSI. Finally, the results of a first commissioning beam time will be presented. The scheduled beam time to apply the emittance transfer technique foreseen in spring 2014 had to be shifted to calendar week 26 in 2014, just after this conference, as some components have not been delivered in time by the contractor. The results and comparison to the theoretical predictions you may find in later publications.
	Slides THOBA02 [1.928 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THOBA02
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THPRO092	Stochastic Noise Effects in High Current PIC Simulation	emittance, space-charge, lattice, simulation	3101
	I. Hofmann, O. Boine-Frankenheim TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The numerical noise inherent to particle-in-cell simulation of 3D high intensity bunched beams is studied with the TRACEWIN code and compared with the analytical model by Struckmeier (1994). The latter assumes the six-dimensional rms emittance or rms entropy growth can be related to Markov type stochastic processes due to temperature anisotropy and the artificial "collisions" caused by using macro-particles and calculating the space charge effect. Our entropy growth confirms the dependency on bunch temperature anisotropy as predicted by Struckmeier. However, we also find noise generation by the non-Liouvillean effect of the Poisson solver grid, which exists in periodic focusing systems even when local temperature anisotropy is absent - contrary to predictions by Struckmeier's model.
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THPRO093	Low Emittance Electron Beam Transportation in Compact ERL Injector	gun, cathode, focusing, laser	3104
	T. Miyajima, K. Harada, Y. Honda, T. Kume, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, S. Sakanaka, M. Shimada, R. Takai, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, M. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Hajima, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan J.G. Hwang Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	For future light source based on Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), an injector, which consists of a photocathode DC gun and superconducting RF cavities, is a key part to generate a low emittance, short pulse and high bunch charge electron beam. In compact ERL (cERL) which is a test accelerator to develop key technologies for ERL, the generation of low emittance electron beam with 0.1 mm mrad normalized emittance and 390 keV beam energy from the photocathode DC gun, and the acceleration to 5.6 MeV by superconducting cavity, were demonstrated in the first beam commissioning. To keep the high quality in the beam transportation, understanding the beam optics, which is affected by not only the focusing effects due to the gun, solenoid magnets and RF cavities but also space charge effect, is required. In this presentation, we will show that how to measure and correct the focusing effect by experimental method. Using this method, we succeeded in correcting the analytical model to give the good agreement with the measured gun focusing for low charge beam. And, we will show the space charge effect for high bunch charge beam.
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THPME004	Further R&D for a New Superconducting CW Heavy Ion Linac@GSI	cavity, linac, ion, heavy-ion	3211
	W.A. Barth, S. Mickat GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, V. Gettmann HIM, Mainz, Germany F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A low energy beam line (1.4 MeV/u) behind the GSI High Charge State Injecor will provide cw-heavy ion beams with high beam intensity. It is foreseen to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac for post acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. In preparation an advanced R&D program is defined: The first linac section (financed by HIM and partly by HGF-ARD-initiative) comprising a sc CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids will be tested in 2014/15 as a demonstrator. After successful testing the construction of an advanced cryomodule comprising four rf cavities is foreseen. As an intermediate step towards an entire cw-linac the use of a double of two CH-cavities is planned: Ashort 5 cell cavity should be mounted directly behind the demonstrator cavity inside a short cryostat. The design of the cw linac based on shorter sc CH-cavities would minimize the overall technical risk and costs. Besides with this cavity an optimized operation of the whole linac especially with respect to beam quality could be achieved. Last but not least the concept of continuous energy variation applying phase variation between the two cavities with constant beta profile could be tested.
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THPME014	Beam Dynamics in the LEBT for FRANZ	rfq, emittance, injection, simulation	3241
	P.P. Schneider, H. Dinter, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, T. Nowottnick, O. Payir, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, C. Wiesner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The two Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) sections of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ* consist of four solenoids. The first section with two solenoids will match the 120 keV proton beam into a chopper system*. Downstream from the chopper system a second section with two more solenoids will match the beam into the acceptance of the following RFQ. The accelerator will be operated using either a 2 mA dc beam or a pulsed beam with intensities from 50 mA to 200 mA at 250 kHz repetition rate. The high intensity of these ion beams requires the consideration of space-charge effects. Particle simulations with varying parameter sets have been performed in order to determine the settings providing best transmission and beam quality. Loss profiles along the transport channel were computed to identify hotspots. Simulation results for best transmission at lowest emittance growth will be presented. O. Meusel et al., Proc. of LINAC12, Tel-Aviv, Israel, MO3A03 ** C. Wiesner et al., Proc. of IPAC2012, New Orleans, LA., USA, THPPP074
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THPME020	Local Compensation-rematch for the C-ADS Accelerator Element Failures with Space Charge	emittance, cavity, focusing, linac	3259
	B. Sun, C. Meng, J.Y. Tang, F. Yan IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In order to achieve the required reliability and availability for the C-ADS accelerator, a fault tolerance design is pursued. The effects of cavity and solenoid failure in different locations have been studied and the schemes of compensation by means of local compensation have been investigated. After one cavity failure, by adjusting the settings of the neighbouring cavities and the focusing elements we can make sure that the Twiss parameters and energy are approximately recovered to that of the nominal ones at the matching point. However, the compensation work above is based on the TraceWin code, which has not considered the phase compensation, a code based on MATLAB is under developing to compensate the arrival time at the matching point that the linear space charge effect has also considered.
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THPME033	Particle Tracking Studies for the LINCE SC Linac	cryomodule, linac, ion, lattice	3295
	C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain A. Falone TTI, Santander, Spain C. Gómez IDOM, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. LINCE facility makes use of a low-energy ion linac consisting of quarter-wave resonators designed for β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15 (72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz), and shielded solenoid magnets distributed along four different cryomodules. Particle tracking studies have been performed along the linac using realistic electric and magnetic field maps with and without space charge effects to prove a final energy of 8.5 and 45 MeV/u respectively for uranium ions and protons.
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THPME035	High-performance Accelerating Cryomodule for the LINCE Project	cryomodule, radiation, vacuum, shielding	3298
	D. Gordo-Yáñez, R. Carrasco Dominguez, I. Martel, A.R. Pinto Gómez University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain C. Gómez IDOM, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA. The linear accelerator of LINCE consists on 26 superconducting quarter-wave resonators with three different geometric betas working at 72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz and three types of SC solenoids. In this paper we discuss the first cryomodule design based on thermal and mechanical studies carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics. This includes the design of cavity and solenoid cryostats, liquid-helium reservoir and layout of the cryogenic tank.
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THPME050	SPP Beamline Design and Beam Dynamics	ion, ion-source, rfq, plasma	3338
	G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey A. Alacakir SNRTC, Ankara, Turkey M. Celik, Z. Sali Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey Ö. Mete UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom G. Unel UCI, Irvine, California, USA V. Yildiz Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
	The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of SNRTC Project Prometheus (SPP) will be a demonstration and educational machine which will accelerate protons from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV. The project is funded by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) and it will be located at Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training Center (SNRTC) in Ankara. The SPP beamline consists of a multi-cusp H⁺ ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line and a four-vane RFQ operating at 352.2 MHz. The design studies for the multi-cusp ion source (RF or DC) were performed with IBSimu and SIMION software packages. The source has already been produced and currently undergoes extensive testing. There is also a preliminary design for the solenoid based LEBT, POISSON and PATH were used in parallel for the preliminary design. Two solenoid magnets are produced following this design. The RFQ design was made using LIDOS. RFQ.Designer and it was crosschecked with a home-grown software package, DEMIRCI. The initial beam dynamics studies have been performed with both LIDOS and TOUTATIS. This paper discusses the design of the SPP beamline focusing on the RFQ beam dynamics.
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THPME073	Performance of the Low Energy Beam Transport at the RAL Front End Test Stand	rfq, emittance, ion, ion-source	3406
	J.J. Back University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom S.R. Lawrie STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J.K. Pozimski Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators, including proton drivers for pulsed neutron spallation sources and neutrino factories. A Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), consisting of three solenoids and four drift sections, is used to transport the H⁻ beam from the ion source to the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). We present the current performance of the LEBT with regards to beam alignment, transmission and focusing into the acceptance of the RFQ.
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THPME138	Dynamic Comparison With XAL and Tracewin Based on the Injector-I of China ADS Test Stand	lattice, cavity, linac, cryomodule	3572
	Y.L. Zhao, P. Cheng, H. Geng, C. Meng, S. Pei, B. Sun, H.J. Wang, B. Xu, F. Yan IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The injector scheme I (injector-I) of China ADS test stand is a superconducting Linac which accelerates 10mA beam to 3.2MeV, 5MeV, 10MeV, and then transports it to the dump. The dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion at the three different energies. The XAL from SNS was selected for the commissioning of China ADS. Because the beam current is so high, the nonlinear space charge force cannot be omitted. As we know, XAL calculates the space charge force with linear resolver. So, whether it could display the beam exactly enough is an important issue to consider. As a preparation for beam commissioning, the virtual accelerator in XAL frame was built and tested. Here in this paper, the envelopes of the 5MeV and 10MeV lattices from general XAL mpx application are shown and compared with the multiparticle tracking code TraceWin.
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THPRI030	Progress Towards Completion of the MICE Demonstration of Muon Ionization Cooling	emittance, cavity, coupling, lattice	3831
	D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA A.J. Dobbs Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom P. Snopok Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory aims to demonstrate ~10% ionization cooling of a muon beam, by its interaction with low-Z absorber materials followed by restoration of longitudinal momentum in RF linacs. MICE Step V will provide the flexibility for a thorough exploration and characterization of the performance of ionization cooling. Step V will include four RF cavities to provide 8 MV/m gradient in a strong magnetic field. This entails an RF drive system to deliver 2 MW, 1 ms pulses of 201 MHz frequency at 1 Hz repetition rate, the distribution network to deliver 1 MW to each cavity with correct RF phasing, diagnostics to determine the gradient and the muon transit phase, and development of the large diameter magnets required in order to keep the muons focused through the linacs. Progress towards the completion of Step V is described.
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THPRI047	Large-aperture Travelling-wave Accelerator Structure for Positron Capture of SuperKEKB Injector Linac	positron, operation, acceleration, linac	3872
	S. Matsumoto, T. Higo, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Tanaka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Comparing to the previous KEKB, the four-times higher charge of 4 nC per bunch is required for the injector linac of SuperKEKB. Not only a flux concentrator will be introduced but also the physical aperture of the downstream six 2m-long accelerator structures was increased as large as 30mm in diameter. We call these structures as LAS, “Large Aperture S-band” structure. The resultant higher RF group velocity of about 3% makes the acceleration gradient lower. In the nominal acceleration system, a 40MW klystron with SLED feeds four 2m-long accelerator structures producing 20MV/m acceleration field. The acceleration gradient higher than 14 MV/m is required for the very first two LAS structures to suppress the satellite bunches. This gradient is obtained by feeding only two LAS structures. Initially, ten LAS structures were installed and the RF processing has partly started. In the present paper, we firstly describe the acceleration system design and then present the processing characteristics through the RF processing without beam and with beam.
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THPRI053	Ferrite Material Characterization in a Static Bias Field for the Design of a Tunable Cavity	simulation, impedance, cavity, electromagnetic-fields	3890
	J. Eberhardt, F. Caspers, C. Vollinger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the development of ferrite-loaded accelerating cavities, the electromagnetic properties of the dispersive ferrite material need to be known. We describe a coaxial short-circuit measurement technique to measure the complex permeability of toroidal-shaped samples (127mm outer and 70mm inner diameter) that are exposed to an external magnetic bias field. The external magnetic bias field is applied perpendicular to the RF magnetic field. With this method it is possible to characterize the frequency dependence of the permeability for a frequency range of 1-100MHz. The dependence of the permeability on the external magnetic bias is presented for the ferrite G-510 from Trans-Tech Inc. and the material characterization is shown in the same frequency range. The measurement results are verified by simulations of the measurement set-up.
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THPRI059	Field Emission Study of RF cavity in Static Magnetic Field	cathode, gun, cavity, electron	3905
	T.H. Luo, D. Li LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W. Gai ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA J.H. Shao TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The RF cavity performance in solenoid magnetic field is crucial for the muon ionization cooling. Previous experiments have shown that the strong external magnetic field can significantly lower the maximum achievable RF voltage in the cavity. The mechanism of this performance degradation has been studied both analytically and experimentally, but so far no conclusive cause has been determined yet. In this paper, we propose an experiment to study the effect of a static B field on the field emission in the RF cavity, which hasn't been investigated before, and which can contribute to the cavity performance degradation in the solenoid field.
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THPRI085	Target Station Design for the Mu2e Experiment	target, proton, radiation, remote-handling	3970
	V.S. Pronskikh, G. Ambrosio, M.R. Campbell, R.N. Coleman, G. Ginther, V.V. Kashikhin, K.J. Krempetz, M.J. Lamm, A. Lee, A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, V.P. Nagaslaev, A.M. Stefanik, S.I. Striganov, S.J. Werkema Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA L.M. Bartoszek Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA C.J. Densham, P. Loveridge STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom K.R. Lynch, J.L. Popp CUNY, Bayside, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is devoted to search for the conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus without emission of neutrinos. One of the main parts of the Mu2e experimental setup is its Target Station in which negative pions are generated in interactions of the 8-GeV primary proton beam with a tungsten target. A large-aperture 5-T superconducting production solenoid (PS) enhances pion collection, and an S-shaped transport solenoid (TS) delivers muons and pions to the Mu2e detector. The heat and radiation shield (HRS) protects the PS and the first TS coils. A beam dump absorbs the spent beam. In order for the PS superconducting magnet to operate reliably the sophisticated HRS was designed and optimized for performance and cost. The beam dump was designed to absorb the spent beam and maintaining its temperature and air activation in the hall at the allowable level. Comprehensive MARS15 simulations have been carried out to optimize all the parts while maximizing muon yield. Results of simulations of critical radiation quantities and their implications on the overall Target Station design and integration will be reported.
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THPRI087	Magnet Design for the Target System of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory	target, factory, collider, proton	3976
	R.J. Weggel Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA V.B. Graves ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The Target System and Pion Decay Channel for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory utilizes a string of solenoid magnet to capture and transport the low-energy pions whose decay provides the desired muon beams. The magnetic field strength at the target is 15-20 T, "tapering" down to 1.5-3 T in the Decay Channel. The superconducting coils which produce these fields must have substantial inner radius to accommodate internal shielding against radiation damage by secondary particles. A significant fraction of the primary beam energy is transported into the Decay Channel via protons, and the Decay Channel includes a magnetic chicane to provide a beam dump for these. The design of the various coils in this scenario is reported.
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THPRI089	Carbon Target Optimization for a Muon Collier/neutrino Factory With a 6.75 GeV Proton Driver	target, proton, factory, collider	3982
	X.P. Ding UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA H.G. Kirk BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA K.T. McDonald PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
	The first phase of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory program may use a 6.75-GeV proton driver with beam power of only 1 MW. At this lower power it is favorable to use a graphite target (replaced quarterly) with beam and target tilted slightly to the axis of the 15-20 T pion-capture solenoid around the target. The low-energy proton beam is significantly deflected by the magnetic field, requiring careful optimization, reported here, of the beam/target configuration.
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Paper

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MOZA01

Ultralow Emittance Beam Production based on Doppler Laser Cooling and Coupling Resonance

laser, ion, simulation, coupling

28

A. Noda, M. Nakao
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
M. Grieser
MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
Z.Q. He
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Z.Q. He
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
K. Jimbo
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
H. Okamoto, K. Osaki
HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
A.V. Smirnov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
H. Souda
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Y. Yuri
JAEA/TARRI, Gunma-ken, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Advanced Compact Accelerator Development project by MEXT of Japan. It is also supported by GCOE project at Kyoto University, “The next generation of Physics-Spun from Universality"
Doppler laser cooling has been applied to low-energy (40 keV) Mg ions together with the resonant coupling method* at the S-LSR at ICR, Kyoto University,. The S-LSR storage ring has a high super periodicity of 6, which is preferable from the beam dynamical point of view. At S-LSR one dimensional ordering of proton beam was already realized for the first time**. Active three dimensional laser cooling has been experimentally demonstrated for ions with un-negligible velocity (v/c=0.0019, where c is the light velocity) for the first time. Utilizing the above mentioned characteristics of S-LSR, an approach to realize ultralow emittances has been pursuit. To suppress heating effects, due to intra-beam scattering, the circulating ion beam intensity was reduced by scraping and beam emittances of 1.3·10^-11 pi m·rad and 8.5·10^-12 pi m·rad (normalized) have been realized for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively with the 40 keV Mg ion beam at a beam intensity of ~10⁴, which is the lowest emittance ever attained by laser cooling. From MD computer simulations, it is predicted that reduction of the ion number to about 10³ is needed to realize a crystalline string.
* H. Okamoto, A.M. Sessler, D. Moehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 397 (1994).
** T. Shirai et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 204801 (2007).

Slides MOZA01 [13.336 MB]

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MOOCA02

RF Design and Operation of a Modular Cavity for Muon Ionization Cooling R&D

cavity, instrumentation, vacuum, operation

42

Y. Torun
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D.L. Bowring, M.A. Palmer, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science through the Muon Accelerator Program.
Ionization cooling channel designs call for the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF cavities in multi-Tesla solenoidal magnetic fields. However, strong magnetic fields have been shown in some cases to limit the maximum achievable gradient in RF cavities. This gradient limit is characterized by RF breakdown and damage to the cavity surface. To study this issue, we have developed an experimental program at Fermilab's MuCool Test Area (MTA) based on a modular pillbox cavity operating at 805 MHz. The modular cavity design allows for the evaluation of different cavity geometries and materials – such as beryllium – which may ameliorate or circumvent RF breakdown triggers. We present a summary of recent results and plans for the future of the MTA normal conducting RF cavity program.

Slides MOOCA02 [32.552 MB]

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MOPRO004

Polarized Ion Beams in Figure-8 Rings of JLab's MEIC

polarization, collider, controls, ion

68

Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
Y.S. Derbenev, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y. Filatov
JINR, Dubna, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

Funding: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) proposed by Jefferson Lab is designed to provide high polarization of both colliding beams. One of the unique features of JLab’s MEIC is figure-8 shape of its rings. It allows preservation and control of polarization of all ion species including small-anomalous-magnetic-moment deuterons during their acceleration and storage. The figure-8 design conceptually expands the capability of obtaining polarized high-energy beams in comparison to conventional designs because of its property of having no preferred periodic spin direction. This allows one to control effectively the beam polarization by means of magnetic insertions with small field integrals. We present a complete scheme for preserving the ion polarization during all stages of acceleration and its control in the collider’s experimental straights.

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MOPRO006

Preservation of Electron Polarization in the MEIC Collider Ring

polarization, electron, collider, injection

74

F. Lin, Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
D.P. Barber
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A highly longitudinally-polarized (over 70%) electron beam is required by the nuclear physics programme of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab (JLab). To achieve this goal, a highly vertically-polarized electron beam is injected from the CEBAF. The polarization will be vertical in the arcs to avoid spin diffusion, and longitudinal at the collision points. The polarization rotation will be accomplished by using a total of four spin rotators, each of which consists of a set of solenoids and dipoles, placed at the ends of two arcs. The polarization configuration cancels the 1st order spin perturbation in the solenoids for the off-momentum particles and significantly reduces the synchrotron sideband resonances. In order to compensate the net Sokolov-Ternov depolarization effect, especially at higher energies, a continuous injection of a polarized electron beam from the CEBAF is being considered. We consider to perform a moderate spin matching in some key regions to extend the polarization lifetime so that the continuous injection can work more efficiently, while not imposing a burden on the optics design of the collider ring.

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MOPRO011

Employing Twin Crabbing Cavities to Address Variable Transverse Coupling of Beams in the MEIC*

electron, proton, cavity, coupling

80

A. Castilla
DCI-UG, León, Mexico
A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
A. Castilla, J.R. Delayen, V.S. Morozov, T. Satogata
ODU, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Funding: *Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The design strategy of the Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab contemplates both matching of the emittance aspect ratios and a 50 mrad crossing angle along with crab crossing scheme for both electron and ion beams over the energy range (√s=20-70 GeV) to achieve high luminosities at the interaction points (IPs). However, the desired locations for placing the crabbing cavities may include regions where the transverse degrees of freedom of the beams are coupled with variable coupling strength that depends on the collider rings’ magnetic elements (solenoids and skew quadrupoles). In this work we explore the feasibility of employing twin rf dipoles that produce a variable direction crabbing kick to account for a range of transverse coupling of both beams.

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MOPME031

SolCalc: A Suite for the Calculation and the Display of Magnetic Fields Generated by Solenoid Systems

GUI, software, superconductivity, interface

445

M.L. Lopes
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

SolCalc is a software suite that computes and displays magnetic fields generated by a three dimensional (3D) solenoid system. Examples of such systems are the Mu2e magnet system and Helical Solenoids for muon cooling systems. SolCalc was originally coded in Matlab, and later upgraded to a compiled version (called MEX) to improve solving speed. Matlab was chosen because its graphical capabilities represent an attractive feature over other computer languages. Solenoid geometries can be created using any text editor or spread sheets and can be displayed dynamically in 3D. Fields are computed from any given list of coordinates. The field distribution on the surfaces of the coils can be displayed as well. SolCalc was benchmarked against a well-known commercial software for speed and accuracy and the results compared favorably.

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MOPME033

Beam Dynamics in an Electron Lens with the Warp Particle-in-cell Code

electron, simulation, collider, gun

451

G. Stancari
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
V. Moens
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC operates Fermilab under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. Research supported in part by US LARP and EU FP7 HiLumi LHC, Grant Agreement 284404.
Electron lenses are a mature technique for beam manipulation in colliders and storage rings. In an electron lens, a pulsed, magnetically confined electron beam with a given current-density profile interacts with the circulating beam to obtain the desired effect. Electron lenses were used in the Fermilab Tevatron collider for beam-beam compensation, for abort-gap clearing, and for halo scraping. They will be used in RHIC at BNL for head-on beam-beam compensation, and their application to the Large Hadron Collider for halo control is under development. At Fermilab, electron lenses will be implemented as lattice elements for nonlinear integrable optics. The design of electron lenses requires tools to calculate the kicks and wakefields experienced by the circulating beam. We use the Warp particle-in-cell code to study generation, transport, and evolution of the electron beam. For the first time, a fully 3-dimensional code is used for this purpose.

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MOPME051

Turbo Generators for Powering the HV-solenoids at the HESR Electron Cooler

electron, high-voltage, power-supply, acceleration

492

A. Hofmann, K. Aulenbacher, M.W. Bruker, J. Dietrich, T. Weilbach
HIM, Mainz, Germany
M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, V.B. Reva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

New experiments at the planned 'High Energy Storage Ring' (HESR) require magnetised electron cooling. One of the challenges is the powering of the HV-solenoids, because they are located on HV-sections, which sit on an electrical potential inside a high voltage vessel. We discuss a Multi-MV system where the solenoids are powered by a series of cascade transformers which are in turn supplied by turbogenerators. The usage of SF6 as turbine fluid is desirable from the viewpoint of operational stability and may also lead to energy efficient operation of the turboexpanders since a Organic Rankine-cycle (so-called ORC-process) may be used instead of electrically driven compressors. The paper gives an overview of the turbo generator and ORC project: an introduction, a status report and a road map will be given.

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MOPRI001

Induced Heating Power Evaluation in RIB Transfer Line of SPIRAL2

ion, beam-losses, space-charge, ECR

570

N.Yu. Kazarinov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
D. Boutin, F.R. Osswald
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

Radioactive Ion Beams of SPIRAL2 project will be produced in the ECR ion source using the Helium as supporting gas. RIB transported in the transfer lines have a multi-component structure and total current of the beams is defined by Helium ions. The total power of Helium component may reach 300 W. The focusing force acting on the ions in the transfer beam line is strongly dependent on mass-to-charge ratio (this is valid for magnetic optical elements). For this reason supporting gas ions will be lost at initial part of the beam line between ECR ion source and analyzing magnet. The Helium beam losses and induced heating power density at the wall of vacuum tube in RIB transfer line of SPIRAL2 during transportation of Ar, Xe and U ion beam are evaluated in this report.

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MOPRI004

SuperKEKB Positron Source Construction Status

positron, electron, target, operation

579

T. Kamitani, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, A. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funakoshi, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, E. Kadokura, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, H. Katagiri, M. Kikuchi, H. Koiso, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Mimashi, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, T. Mori, A. Morita, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, M. Sato, T. Shidara, A. Shirakawa, M. Suetake, H. Sugimoto, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, M. Tawada, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, L. Zang, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
D. Satoh
TIT, Tokyo, Japan

The KEKB positron source is under the upgrade for SuperKEKB. The previous positron production target and capture section have been removed and the new system is constructed at a location forty meters upstream to have sufficient energy margin for beam injection to the newly introduced damping ring. A flux concentrator is introduced in the new capture section to make an adiabatic matching system. Large aperture (30mm in diameter) S-band accelerating structures are introduced in the capture section and in the subsequent accelerator module to enlarge the transverse phase space acceptance. The beam focusing system of quadrupoles is also upgraded for a comparable beam acceptance to that of the capture section. This paper reports on the status of the SuperKEKB positron source construction and the preliminary positron beam commissioning.

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MOPRI007

Design and Simulation of a High Intensity Muon Beam Production for Neutrino Experiments.

target, proton, emittance, factory

589

H. K. Sayed, H.G. Kirk, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The production process of pions which then decay into muons, yields a muon beam with large transverse and longitudinal emittances. Such beam requires phase space manipulation to reduce the total 6D emittance before it could go through any acceleration stage. The design of the muon beam manipulation is based on Neutrino Factory front end design. In this study we report on a multi objective - multivariable global optimization of the front end using parallel genetic algorithm. The parallel optimization algorithm and the optimization strategy will be discussed and the optimized results will be presented as well.

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MOPRI013

Development of a 14.5 – 18 GHz ECR Ion Source at University of Huelva

ion, ECRIS, injection, ion-source

607

I. Martel, C. Bonțoiu, A.C.C. Villari
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
A. Garbayo
AVS, Elgoibar, Spain
A.C.C. Villari
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
A double-frequency ECR ion source has been modelled numerically for high-efficiency ion production from protons to uranium. The simulations were targeted at optimizing magnetic confinement of the hot electrons through an iterative design of three solenoids and a dodecapole. In addition a plasma production model has been implemented in order to study ion species yield from neutral gases and their drift towards the cold plasma regions. Eventually, ion extraction and beam capture in the space-charge regime have been performed. Mechanical design studies approached the plasma chamber cooling and magnet coils refrigeration.

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MOPRI014

Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS

extraction, ion, power-supply, ion-source

611

D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.

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MOPRI043

Study of a C-band Standing-wave Gun for the SwissFEL Injector

gun, cathode, coupling, emittance

698

M. Schaer, S. Bettoni, A. Citterio, P. Craievich, M. Negrazus, L. Stingelin, R. Zennaro
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The baseline design of the SwissFEL injector foresees the "PSI Gun 1", a 2.6-cell RF photo-cathode gun operating at S-band frequency, as the electron source. In this paper a new design is presented where a 5.6-cell C-band gun could replace the PSI Gun 1 with no impact on the rest of the injector setup. A conservative maximum gradient of 135 MV/m at the cathode is assumed which drives the electron beam faster into the relativistic regime and therefore allows to tolerate larger charge densities. The presented solution also foresees a coaxial RF coupling from the cathode side in order to place the gun solenoid as near to the photo-cathode as possible, improving the emittance compensation. Astra simulations showed that the transverse beam brightness can be doubled before the first bunch compressor preserving the low transverse emittance value as compared to the current design for the S-band injector configuration of SwissFEL.

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MOPRI073

Status of the HESR Electron Cooler Test Set-up

electron, gun, diagnostics, vacuum

771

M.W. Bruker, K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich, S. Friederich, T. Weilbach
HIM, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany

For the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR, it is planned to install an electron cooling device with a beam current of 3 A and a beam energy of 8 MeV. A test set-up was built at Helmholtz-Insitut Mainz (HIM) to conduct a feasibility study. One of the main goals of the test set-up is to evaluate the gun design proposed by TSL (Uppsala) with respect to vacuum handling, electric and magnetic fields, and the resulting beam parameters. Another purpose of the set-up is to reduce recuperation losses to less than 10^-5. To measure this quantity and to mitigate collection losses, a Wien filter has been designed and installed. Beam diagnostics will be carried out with a COSY-style beam position monitor. The latest progress of the project is presented.

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MOPRI086

Status of the PXIE Low Energy Beam Transport Line

ion, ion-source, rfq, emittance

812

L.R. Prost, R. Andrews, A.Z. Chen, B.M. Hanna, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.T.P. D'Arcy
UCL, London, United Kingdom

Funding: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy
A CW-compatible, pulsed H⁻ superconducting RF linac (a.k.a. PIP-II) is envisaged as a possible path for upgrading Fermilab’s injection complex [1]. To validate the concept of the front-end of such machine, a test accelerator (a.k.a. PXIE) [2] is under construction. The warm part of this accelerator comprises a 10 mA DC, 30 keV H⁻ ion source, a 2m-long LEBT, a 2.1 MeV CW RFQ, and a MEBT that feeds the first cryomodule. In addition to operating in the nominal CW mode, the LEBT should be able to produce a pulsed beam for both PXIE commissioning and modelling of the front-end nominal operation in the pulsed mode. Concurrently, it needs to provide effective means of inhibiting beam as part of the overall machine protection system. A peculiar feature of the present LEBT design is the capability of using the ~1m-long section immediately preceding the RFQ in two regimes of beam transport dynamics: neutralized and space charge dominated. This paper introduces the PXIE LEBT, reports on the status of the ion source and LEBT installation, and presents the first beam measurements.

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TUYA01

First Experience with Electron Lenses for Beam-beam Compensation in RHIC

electron, emittance, hadron, proton

913

W. Fischer, Z. Altinbas, D. Bruno, M.R. Costanzo, X. Gu, J. Hock, A.K. Jain, Y. Luo, C. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, A.I. Pikin, T. Samms, Y. Tan, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S.M. White
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The head-on beam-beam interaction is the dominant luminosity limiting effect in polarized proton operation in RHIC. To mitigate this effect two electron lenses were installed in the two RHIC rings. We summarize the hardware and electron beam commissioning results to date, and report on the first experience with the electron-hadron beam interaction. In 2014 RHIC is operating with gold beams only. In this case the luminosity is not limited by head-on beam-beam interactions and compensation is not necessary. The goals of this year’s commissioning efforts are a test of all instrumentation; the demonstration of electron and gold beam overlap; the demonstration of electron beam parameters that are sufficiently stable to have no negative impact on the gold beam lifetime; and the measurement of the tune footprint compression from the beam overlap. With these demonstrations, and a lattice with a phase advance that has a multiple of 180 degrees between the beam-beam interaction and electron lens locations, head-on beam-beam compensation can be commissioned in the following year with proton beams.

Slides TUYA01 [11.776 MB]

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TUZB02

Prospects for the use of HTS in High-field Magnets for Future Accelerator Facilities

dipole, operation, quadrupole, focusing

974

A. Ballarino
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The enthusiasm that followed the discovery of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) and the hope that they could replace Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) was damped by low current-carrying capacity, short piece lengths, and fragility of the brittle oxide materials. Development of applications was mainly on devices less demanding of conductor performance. However, with continuing development, progress was made with the cuprate superconductors, and long lengths of BSCCO 2223 and REBCO tape conductors are now commercially available. Progress has also been made in the development of BSSCO 2212 round wire, where implementation of a new production process has led to a breakthrough in performance. Though still at the research level, attainments in material synthesis and theoretical understanding of iron-based materials may lead to their development into practical superconductors, featuring high upper critical field and low anisotropy. A review of the potential of HTS as applied to accelerators is presented, with a focus on using the presently available materials and on the perceived needs for further development.

Slides TUZB02 [2.331 MB]

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TUPRO054

Preliminary Design of a LEBT for HIAF Linac at IMP

ion, ion-source, rfq, quadrupole

1153

Y. Yang, Y. He, L.T. Sun, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Funding: National Basic Research Program of China (contract No. 2014CB845500) and the 100 Talents Program of the CAS ( No. Y214160BR0) and China Nature Science Foundation (contract No. 11221064).
Heavy-Ion Advanced Research Facility (HIAF) is a new project proposed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in China. HIAF project accelerator is composed of intense ion beam sources, injector superconducting LINAC, acceleration and accumulation storage ring, a collection ring and a collider ring. To achieve the ultimate project goal, HIAF accelerator requires the ion source to provide very high intensity of heavy ion beams, such as 1.7 emA 238U³⁴⁺ with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse length of 0.5 ms. No state-of-the-art ion source can meet the needs. As a baseline of the project, a high performance superconducting ECR ion source, which is designed to be operational at the microwave frequency of 40-60 GHz will be adopted to produce the pulsed beam of interest for the HIAF accelerator. To transport and match the beams from ECR to the downstream RFQ, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) is needed. This paper presents a preliminary design of the LEBT and the beam dynamics in the LEBT.

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TUPRO057

Solenoid Siberian Snake Without Compensation of Betatron Oscillation Coupling in Nuclotron@JINR

betatron, coupling, lattice, focusing

1162

Y. Filatov, V.A. Mikhaylov
JINR, Dubna, Russia
A.V. Butenko, A.D. Kovalenko
JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow, Russia
Y. Filatov
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
A.M. Kondratenko, M.A. Kondratenko
Science and Technique Laboratory Zaryad, Novosibirsk, Russia

The influence of solenoids on spin is very efficient, but beam focusing is determined mainly by structural quadru-poles. The condition of stable orbital motion of particles does not require compensation of the betatron oscillation coupling. To reduce the influence of the Snake on orbital motion it is desirable to exclude compensating quads completely. The design of solenoid Siberian snake for the Nuclotron lattice is presented. The orbital functions of the lattice were calculated and the results are discussed.

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TUPRO077

AGS Snake Stories

injection, kicker, extraction, resonance

1220

F. Méot, Y. Dutheil, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J. Takano
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This contribution re-visits fields, particle motion, and spin precession in the AGS helical polarization snakes. The work was undertaken in preparation of orbit and spin modeling for future polarized proton and helion runs at RHIC. The investigations include re-computation of 3-D OPERA field maps of the helical snakes and particle and spin tracking. There is a series of sub-products of this study, amongst others, the appropriate settings of the AGS cold snake when changing its strength, cold snake settings for polarized helion programs, non-linear coupling in the AGS, the transport of the stable polarization axis from the AGS to RHIC injection kickers, and in addition, a series of high accuracy 3-D field maps have been produced, in view of long-term tracking in the AGS for beam and polarization transmission studies.

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TUPRO078

AREAL Solenoid, Dipole and Steering Magnets Design and Performance

dipole, electron, simulation, magnet-design

1223

A.V. Tsakanian, H. Gagiyan, A.A. Gevorgyan, B. Grigoryan, V.G. Khachatryan, M. Manukyan, T.H. Mkrtchyan, S. Naghdalyan, A.S. Simonyan, V. V. Vardanyan
CANDLE SRI, Yerevan, Armenia

The AREAL solenoid, dipole and corrector magnets design, simulations and performance are presented. A solenoid magnet will be used for the focusing of the low energy (E~5MeV) electron beam after RF gun as well as in the beam diagnostic section. The magnetic iron cover of solenoid provides return path for magnetic field screening effectively the field in the outer space and concentrating it inside solenoid gap. The dipole magnet is part of the spectrometer for beam energy spread measurements. An Iron-free corrector magnet design allows independent horizontal and vertical beam steering. The design optimization and magnetic field calculations are performed using CST-EM Studio. A good agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained.

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TUPRO095

Using One-dimensional Hall Probe to Measure the Solenoid Magnet for CSNS/RCS

linac, collimation, synchrotron, insertion

1262

Z. Zhang, S. Li, F. Long, X.J. Sun
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Abstract CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source) construction is expected to start in 2010 and will last 6.5 years. A long beam transport line is followed with the DTL linac to send the beam a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) accelerator. The beam will be focused by the solenoid magnet. This magnet will be located in LEBT system. It has been used with one-dimensional Hall probe to measurement by Institute of High Energy Physics, China. After the measurement, the measurement results meet the design requirements.

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TUPRO116

Conceptual Design of the Muon Cooling Channel to Incorporate RF Cavities

dipole, quadrupole, controls, cavity

1325

S.A. Kahn, G. Flanagan, F. Marhauser
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
M.L. Lopes, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE STTR/SBIR grant DE-SC00006266
A helical cooling channel (HCC) consisting of a pressurized gas absorber imbedded in a magnetic channel that provides solenoid, helical dipole and helical quadrupole fields has been shown to provide six-dimensional phase space reduction for muon beams. Such a channel can be implemented by a helical solenoid (HS) composed of short solenoid coils arranged in a helical pattern. The magnetic channel will provide the desired Bphi, Bz, and dBphi/dr along the reference path. The channel must allow enough space for RF cavities which replace energy lost in the absorber material present for the cooling process. The study will describe how to achieve the desired field while allowing sufficient space for the cavities. The limits to this design imposed by the achievable current density in the coils will be discussed.

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TUPME011

The Status of the Construction of MICE Step IV

experiment, emittance, coupling, cavity

1364

P. Snopok
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
E. Overton
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others
The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment will provide the demonstration ionization cooling. The experiment is being built in a series of Steps. Step IV, which consists of a tracking spectrometer upstream and downstream of an absorber/focus-coil (AFC) module will be completed in early in 2015. In this configuration, the emittance of the muon beam upstream and downstream of the absorber will be measured precisely allowing the emittance reduction and the factors that determine the ionization cooling effect to be studied in detail. The AFC module is a 22 liter volume of liquid hydrogen placed inside a superconducting focusing coil. The properties of lithium hydride, and possibly other absorber materials, will also be studied. All the components of Step IV have been manufactured and integration of the experiment in the MICE Hall at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is underway. A full study of ionization cooling will be carried out with Step V, which will include a short 201 MHz linac module in which beam transport is achieved with a superconducting “coupling coil”. The status of the preparation of the components of Step V of the experiment will be described briefly.

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TUPME014

Development of Six-dimensional Helical Muon Beam Cooling Channel for Muon Colliders

emittance, cavity, collider, magnet-design

1373

K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A six-dimensional (6D) helical muon beam cooling channel (HCC) has been developed for a last decade. The practical HCC lattice parameters were optimized for the cooling performance in theoretical and numerical simulations. The HCC design group has been formed and has begun the machine development to realize the channel. Recent accomplishments and present critical issues are discussed in the presentation.

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TUPME015

Study Cooling Performance in a Helical Cooling Channel for Muon Colliders

emittance, simulation, collider, plasma

1376

K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The cooling performance in a six-dimensional helical muon beam cooling channel (HCC) has been studied in various beam lattice parameters. We show that the HCC works with a practical beam parameter.

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TUPME016

Status of the Complete Muon Cooling Channel Design and Simulations

emittance, collider, simulation, luminosity

1379

C.Y. Yoshikawa, C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, S.A. Kahn, F. Marhauser
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
Y.I. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, A.V. Sy
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-SC 0007634.
Muon colliders could provide the most sensitive measurement of the Higgs mass and return the US back to the Energy Frontier. Central to the capabilities of such muon colliders are the cooling channels that provide the extraordinary reduction in emittance required for the precise Higgs mass measurement and increased luminosity for enhanced discovery potential of an Energy Frontier Machine. We present the status of the design and simulation of a complete muon cooling channel that is based on the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC), which operates via continuous emittance exchange to enable the most efficient design.

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TUPME017

Design and Simulation of a Matching System into the Helical Cooling Channel

emittance, collider, simulation, operation

1382

C.Y. Yoshikawa
MuPlus, Inc., Newport News, Virginia, USA
Y.I. Alexahin, D.V. Neuffer, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.M. Ankenbrandt, R.P. Johnson, S.A. Kahn, F. Marhauser
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
Y.S. Derbenev, V.S. Morozov, A.V. Sy
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by DOE STTR grant DE-SC 0007634.
Muon colliders could provide the most sensitive measurement of the Higgs mass and return the US back to the Energy Frontier. Central to the capabilities of muon colliders are the cooling channels that provide the extraordinary reduction in emittance required for the precise Higgs mass measurement and increased luminosity for enhanced discovery potential of an Energy Frontier Machine. The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) is able to achieve such emittance reduction and matching sections within the HCC have been successfully designed in the past with lossless transmission and no emittance growth. However, matching into the HCC from a straight solenoid poses a challenge, since a large emittance beam must cross transition. We elucidate on the challenge and present evaluations of two solutions, along with concepts to integrate the operations of a Charge Separator and match into the HCC.

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TUPME019

Design and Simulation of a High Field - low energy Muon Ionization Cooling Channel

emittance, focusing, simulation, scattering

1386

H. K. Sayed, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Muon beams are generated with inherited large transverse and longitudinal emittances. In order to achieve low emittance within the short lifetime of the muons, the only feasible cooling scheme is the ionization cooling. In this study we present a design and simulation of a novel ionization cooling channel. The channel operates at a very strong magnetic fields of 25-30 T with low muon beam energy starting from 66 MeV and decreasing gradually. We study the beam dynamics of such low energy beam in high field region inside and between cooling stages. Key design parameters will be presented and in addition the performance and channel requirements of RF cavities and high field magnets will be presented.

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TUPME020

Complete Six-dimensional Muon Cooling Channel for a Muon Collider

emittance, collider, lattice, focusing

1389

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We describe a complete 6D rectilinear cooling scheme for use in a Muon Collider. This scheme uses separate 6D cooling channels for the two signs of particle charge. In each, a channel first reduces the emittance of a train of 21 muon bunches until it becomes possible to merge them into a single bunch, one of each sign. The single bunches are then sent through a second rectilinear channel for further cooling towards the requirements of a Muon Collider. We adopt this approach for a new cooling lattice design for the Muon Collider, and for the first time present a end-to-end simulation. We review key parameters such as the required focusing fields, absorber lengths, cavity frequencies and rf gradients.
*D. Stratakis et al., Phys. Rev. ST AB 16, 091001 (2013).

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TUPME022

Design and Optimization of a Particle Selection System for Muon based Accelerators

proton, target, simulation, factory

1395

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
In Muon Accelerators muons are produced by impacting high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. Through this process a significant background of protons and electrons are generated, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine. In this paper we propose a two-step particle selection scheme: a chicane to remove the high momentum particles from the beam and a Beryllium block absorber that reduces momentum of all particles in the beam, resulting in the loss of low momentum protons. We review the design and numerically examine its impact on the performance of the muon front-end.

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TUPME023

Overview of a muon capture section for muon accelerators

proton, target, cavity, bunching

1398

D. Stratakis, J.S. Berg, H. K. Sayed
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
D.V. Neuffer, P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We describe a muon capture section to manipulate the longitudinal and transverse phase-space so that to collect efficiently a muon beam produced from an intense proton source target. We show that this can be achieved by using a set of properly tuned rf cavities that captures the beam into string of bunches and aligns them into nearly equal central energies, and a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles. This work elucidates the key parameters that are needed for successful muon capture, such as the required rf frequencies, rf gradients and focusing field. We discuss the sensitivity in performance against the number of different rf frequencies and accelerating rf gradient.

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TUPME034

Transport and Energy Selection of Laser Produced Beams for Medical Research and Multidisciplinary Applications

laser, quadrupole, target, focusing

1425

M.M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
G.A.P. Cirrone, F. Romano, F. Schillaci, A. Tramontana
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
V. Scuderi
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic

Ion beams produced by the interaction of high-power laser with thin targets are being characterized experimentally around the world in order to get a reasonable amount of particles with low divergence and narrow energy spread for medical and multidisciplinary applications. Several schemes about the energy selection and transport of laser accelerated beams have been considered and tested, however the energy spread of the selected particles remains rather high and the reproducibility has not been yet achieved. In the framework of the ELIMED network, we present a study of a possible layout to capture and transport in an efficient and reproducible way, the beams generated by the laser-target interaction. It consists of a combination of quadrupoles based on permanent magnets placed just downstream the target, coupled with a system composed by a series of 4 dipole magnets of inverted polarity, which provides the final energy selection of the previously focused beam. Such a system will be tested in 2014 at TARANIS facility to select proton beams in the energy range of 4-8 MeV; the main scheme can be scaled for the high energy beam that are expected at ELI-beamlines facility.

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TUPRI003

Simulating the Production and Eﬀects of Dark Currents in MICE Steps V and VI

electron, cavity, experiment, simulation

1556

C. Hunt, J. Pasternak, M.A. Uchida
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

Funding: STFC
The completion of the international Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) Step V will involve the construction, commissioning and use of RF cavity and Coupling Coil (RFCC) Modules. The RFCCs consist of 4 RF cavities and a solenoid magnet, and are expected to act as a source of potentially damaging electrons (dark currents) and X-rays. Ongoing work to create a high-statistics simulation of the dark current production, within RF cavities, is described. Current results predict the energy and angular spectra of emitted electrons for an RFCC, and include particle tracking, realistic field maps and ionisation energy losses in cavity windows. Individual electron emitters, parametrised by the Fowler-Nordheim equation, are used and are user-definable, allowing potential worst-case scenarios to be simulated and upper/lower limits for the total dark current to be estimated. These data are being used within the MICE Analysis and User Software (MAUS) to estimate the potential detector backgrounds and the damage that may be inflicted upon the scintillating fibre trackers.

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TUPRI008

Target System Concept for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory

target, proton, factory, collider

1568

K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk, H. K. Sayed, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
N. Souchlas, R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA

A concept is presented for a Target System in a staged scenario for a Neutrino Factory and eventual Muon Collider, with emphasis on initial operation with a 6.75 GeV proton beam of 1 MW power, and 50 Hz of pulses 3-ns long. A radiation cooled graphite target will be used in the initial configuration, with an option to replace this with a free-liquid-metal-jet target should 4-MW beam power become available at a later stage.

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TUPRI015

Transverse Emittance Compensation for the Rossendorf SRF Gun II

gun, SRF, cavity, electron

1582

H. Vennekate, A. Arnold, P.N. Lu, P. Murcek, J. Teichert, R. Xiang
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
T. Kamps
HZB, Berlin, Germany
P. Kneisel
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: We acknowledge the support of the EU Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP7 program (EuCARD-2, 312453) and of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research grant 05K12CR1.
Superconducting RF particle sources combine the advantages of normal conducting RF sources and high duty cycle non-RF sources. The Rossendorf SRF gun was the first to demonstrate this injecting electrons into the ELBE accelerator at 13 MHz. Recently, a new 3-1/2-gun cavity has been prepared at Jefferson Lab for its use in an updated injector which is expected to increase the electron energy from 2.4 to 7.5 MeV. Along with this new cavity, a new gun cryostat has been introduced. It combines several minor updates to the setup with the installation of a superconducting solenoid right at the exit of the gun, compensating the emittance growth of the electron bunch at an early stage. The poster is going to conclude the results of the commissioning of the new cryostat including the solenoid and compare it to the prior concept using a normal conducting solenoid outside the cryostat. As it is of great importance to this subject, studies of the magnetic shielding are going to be presented as well.

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WEPRO116

Direct High Power Laser Diagnostic Technique Based on Focused Electron Bunch

electron, laser, scattering, experiment

2242

R. Sato, A. Endo, K. Nonomura, K. Sakaue, M. Washio, Y. Yoshida
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

In laser produced plasma EUV source, high intensity pulse CO2 laser is essential for plasma generation. To achieve high conversion efficiency and stable EUV power, we desire to measure laser profile in collision point. However, focused laser profile has not been observed directory by existing techniques. We have been developing laser profiler based on laser Compton scattering. Laser profile can be measured by scanning focused electron beam while measuring Compton scattering signal. This method is suitable for a high intensity laser, but very small spot size of electron beam is required. To achieve small spot size, we use S-band photocathode rf gun and special design solenoid lens. The beam size was simulated by General particle tracer (GPT) and directory measured by Gafchromic film HD-810. We have succeeded in observing minimum beam size of about 20 μm rms. We are preparing beam scanning system, pulse CO2 laser and a detector for Compton signal. In this conference, we will report the results of focused electron beam measurement and future prospective.
Work supported by NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).

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WEPME009

Principles for Design of High Power Pulsed Microwave Devices and Devices with Low Operating Voltage for Accelerators

klystron, gun, electron, controls

2273

K.G. Simonov, A.A. Borisov, I.I. Golenitskiy, A.V. Mamontov, A.N. Yunakov
ISTOK, Moscow Region, Russia
O.A. Morozov
Research and Production Co. "MAGRATEP", Fryazino, Russia

The principle of obtaining the extra-high pulsed power at significantly lower operating voltages by creating klystrons with magnetron gun; location of several such klystrons in a single solenoid with a homogeneous magnetic field and summing their output capacities is proposed. The principle of designing of high-power klystron with multi-beam magnetron gun with anode modulation and several energy outputs is proposed. The principle of designing of high-power klystron magnetron gun with multi-beam magnetron gun with control electrode modulation and several energy outputs is proposed. Are given the results of theoretical studies demonstrating the feasibility of such devices and high-power microwave systems based on them. During development of principles of obtaining an extra-high power were used the design of single-beam klystron with magnetron gun with control electrode modulation created at RPC "Istok".

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WEPRI086

Three Dimensional Field Analysis for Final Focus Magnet System at SuperKEKB

detector, quadrupole, multipole, octupole

2690

Y. Arimoto, N. Ohuchi, M. Tawada, K. Tsuchiya, H. Yamaoka, Z.G. Zong
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
B. Parker, P. Wanderer
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

SuperKEKB is an upgrade accelerator of KEKB with a design luminosity of 8x10³⁵ cm^-2 s^-1. The design is based on a "nano-beam scheme", where vertical beam size is squeezed into 50 nm at an interaction point. One of key component is a final focus magnet system. The focusing system consists of 4-superconducting (SC) quadrupole doublets, 43 SC-correctors, 4 SC-compensation solenoids. They are aligned in a detector (Belle-II) solenoid which generates a longitudinal field of 1.5 T. The system are packed in a small area and also has magnetic shields. So it is expected an entire magnetic field of the system is not one which is linearly-superimposed field of each magnet. Here a study of three dimensional field analysis for the final focus magnet system will be presented.

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WEPRI096

Mu2e Magnetic Measurements

detector, electron, target, experiment

2719

M. Buehler, M.A. Tartaglia, J.C. Tompkins
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
C.R. Orozco
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation by searching for muon-to-electron conversion. The magnetic field generated by a system of solenoids is crucial for Mu2e and requires accurate characterization to detect any flaws and to produce a detailed field map. Stringent physics goals are driving magnetic field specifications for the Mu2e solenoids. A field mapper is being designed, which will produce detailed magnetic field maps. The uniform field region of the spectrometer volume requires the highest level of precision (1 Gauss per 1 Tesla). During commissioning, multiple magnetic field maps will be generated to verify proper alignment of all magnet coils, and to create the final magnetic field map. In order to design and build a precise field mapping system consisting of Hall and NRM probes, tolerances and precision for such a system need to be evaluated. In this paper we present a design for the Mu2e field mapping hardware, and discuss results from OPERA-3D simulations to specify parameters for Hall and NMR probes. We also present a fitting procedure for the analytical treatment of our expected magnetic measurements.

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WEPRI100

Magnetic Design Constraints of Helical Solenoids

dipole, simulation, beam-cooling, emittance

2731

M.L. Lopes, S. Krave, J.C. Tompkins, K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
G. Flanagan, S.A. Kahn
Muons, Inc, Illinois, USA
K.E. Melconian
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Helical solenoids have been proposed as an option for a Helical Cooling Channel for muons in a proposed Muon Collider. Helical solenoids can provide the required three main field components: solenoidal, helical dipole, and a helical gradient. In general terms, the last two are a function of many geometric parameters: coil aperture, coil radial and longitudinal dimensions, helix period and orbit radius. In this paper, we present design studies of a Helical Solenoid, addressing the geometric tunability limits and auxiliary correction system.

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WEPRI103

Magnet Design for a Six-dimensional Rectilinear Cooling Channel - Feasibility Study

dipole, simulation, emittance, collider

2740

H. Witte, J.S. Berg, R.B. Palmer, D. Stratakis
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
F. Borgnolutti
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
An essential part of a potential future muon collider is ionization cooling, which is required to reduce the emittance of the muon beam. A new scheme has recently been proposed which in simulations shows an improved performance in terms of cooling efficiency and transmitted muons. The lattice of this cooling channel consists of 12 stages, each of which requires different superconducting solenoids. The most challenging stage is the last one, where the solenoids are expected to deliver 15.1T in a bore of ~4.5 cm. This paper discusses the feasibility of the solenoids for the last stage of this lattice.

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THOBA02

Status of the Emittance Transfer Experiment Emtex

emittance, quadrupole, coupling, injection

2798

M.T. Maier, L. Groening, C. Mühle, I. Pschorn, P. Rottländer, C. Will, C. Xiao
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Chung
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

In order to improve the injection efficiency of the round UNILAC heavy ion beam into the asymmetric acceptance of the SIS18 it would be of great advantage to decrease the horizontal emittance by a so called emittance transfer to the vertical plane. In this contribution the present status of the emittance transfer experiment EMTEX at GSI will be reported. A short introduction about the theoretical background of the technique will be given, while the main part is dedicated to the practical solutions setting up a test beam line at GSI. Finally, the results of a first commissioning beam time will be presented. The scheduled beam time to apply the emittance transfer technique foreseen in spring 2014 had to be shifted to calendar week 26 in 2014, just after this conference, as some components have not been delivered in time by the contractor. The results and comparison to the theoretical predictions you may find in later publications.

Slides THOBA02 [1.928 MB]

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THPRO092

Stochastic Noise Effects in High Current PIC Simulation

emittance, space-charge, lattice, simulation

3101

I. Hofmann, O. Boine-Frankenheim
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
O. Boine-Frankenheim, I. Hofmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The numerical noise inherent to particle-in-cell simulation of 3D high intensity bunched beams is studied with the TRACEWIN code and compared with the analytical model by Struckmeier (1994). The latter assumes the six-dimensional rms emittance or rms entropy growth can be related to Markov type stochastic processes due to temperature anisotropy and the artificial "collisions" caused by using macro-particles and calculating the space charge effect. Our entropy growth confirms the dependency on bunch temperature anisotropy as predicted by Struckmeier. However, we also find noise generation by the non-Liouvillean effect of the Poisson solver grid, which exists in periodic focusing systems even when local temperature anisotropy is absent - contrary to predictions by Struckmeier's model.

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THPRO093

Low Emittance Electron Beam Transportation in Compact ERL Injector

gun, cathode, focusing, laser

3104

T. Miyajima, K. Harada, Y. Honda, T. Kume, S. Nagahashi, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, S. Sakanaka, M. Shimada, R. Takai, T. Uchiyama, A. Ueda, M. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Hajima, R. Nagai, N. Nishimori
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
J.G. Hwang
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

For future light source based on Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), an injector, which consists of a photocathode DC gun and superconducting RF cavities, is a key part to generate a low emittance, short pulse and high bunch charge electron beam. In compact ERL (cERL) which is a test accelerator to develop key technologies for ERL, the generation of low emittance electron beam with 0.1 mm mrad normalized emittance and 390 keV beam energy from the photocathode DC gun, and the acceleration to 5.6 MeV by superconducting cavity, were demonstrated in the first beam commissioning. To keep the high quality in the beam transportation, understanding the beam optics, which is affected by not only the focusing effects due to the gun, solenoid magnets and RF cavities but also space charge effect, is required. In this presentation, we will show that how to measure and correct the focusing effect by experimental method. Using this method, we succeeded in correcting the analytical model to give the good agreement with the measured gun focusing for low charge beam. And, we will show the space charge effect for high bunch charge beam.

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THPME004

Further R&D for a New Superconducting CW Heavy Ion Linac@GSI

cavity, linac, ion, heavy-ion

3211

W.A. Barth, S. Mickat
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, V. Gettmann
HIM, Mainz, Germany
F.D. Dziuba, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A low energy beam line (1.4 MeV/u) behind the GSI High Charge State Injecor will provide cw-heavy ion beams with high beam intensity. It is foreseen to build a new cw-heavy ion-linac for post acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. In preparation an advanced R&D program is defined: The first linac section (financed by HIM and partly by HGF-ARD-initiative) comprising a sc CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids will be tested in 2014/15 as a demonstrator. After successful testing the construction of an advanced cryomodule comprising four rf cavities is foreseen. As an intermediate step towards an entire cw-linac the use of a double of two CH-cavities is planned: Ashort 5 cell cavity should be mounted directly behind the demonstrator cavity inside a short cryostat. The design of the cw linac based on shorter sc CH-cavities would minimize the overall technical risk and costs. Besides with this cavity an optimized operation of the whole linac especially with respect to beam quality could be achieved. Last but not least the concept of continuous energy variation applying phase variation between the two cavities with constant beta profile could be tested.

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THPME014

Beam Dynamics in the LEBT for FRANZ

rfq, emittance, injection, simulation

3241

P.P. Schneider, H. Dinter, M. Droba, O. Meusel, D. Noll, T. Nowottnick, O. Payir, H. Podlech, A. Schempp, C. Wiesner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The two Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) sections of the accelerator-driven neutron source FRANZ* consist of four solenoids. The first section with two solenoids will match the 120 keV proton beam into a chopper system**. Downstream from the chopper system a second section with two more solenoids will match the beam into the acceptance of the following RFQ. The accelerator will be operated using either a 2 mA dc beam or a pulsed beam with intensities from 50 mA to 200 mA at 250 kHz repetition rate. The high intensity of these ion beams requires the consideration of space-charge effects. Particle simulations with varying parameter sets have been performed in order to determine the settings providing best transmission and beam quality. Loss profiles along the transport channel were computed to identify hotspots. Simulation results for best transmission at lowest emittance growth will be presented.
* O. Meusel et al., Proc. of LINAC12, Tel-Aviv, Israel, MO3A03
** C. Wiesner et al., Proc. of IPAC2012, New Orleans, LA., USA, THPPP074

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THPME020

Local Compensation-rematch for the C-ADS Accelerator Element Failures with Space Charge

emittance, cavity, focusing, linac

3259

B. Sun, C. Meng, J.Y. Tang, F. Yan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In order to achieve the required reliability and availability for the C-ADS accelerator, a fault tolerance design is pursued. The effects of cavity and solenoid failure in different locations have been studied and the schemes of compensation by means of local compensation have been investigated. After one cavity failure, by adjusting the settings of the neighbouring cavities and the focusing elements we can make sure that the Twiss parameters and energy are approximately recovered to that of the nominal ones at the matching point. However, the compensation work above is based on the TraceWin code, which has not considered the phase compensation, a code based on MATLAB is under developing to compensate the arrival time at the matching point that the linear space charge effect has also considered.

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THPME033

Particle Tracking Studies for the LINCE SC Linac

cryomodule, linac, ion, lattice

3295

C. Bonțoiu, I. Martel
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
A. Falone
TTI, Santander, Spain
C. Gómez
IDOM, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
LINCE facility makes use of a low-energy ion linac consisting of quarter-wave resonators designed for β = 0.045, 0.077 and 0.15 (72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz), and shielded solenoid magnets distributed along four different cryomodules. Particle tracking studies have been performed along the linac using realistic electric and magnetic field maps with and without space charge effects to prove a final energy of 8.5 and 45 MeV/u respectively for uranium ions and protons.

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THPME035

High-performance Accelerating Cryomodule for the LINCE Project

cryomodule, radiation, vacuum, shielding

3298

D. Gordo-Yáñez, R. Carrasco Dominguez, I. Martel, A.R. Pinto Gómez
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
C. Gómez
IDOM, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Work partially supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO-CDTI) under program FEDER INTERCONNECTA.
The linear accelerator of LINCE consists on 26 superconducting quarter-wave resonators with three different geometric betas working at 72.75 and 10⁹.125 MHz and three types of SC solenoids. In this paper we discuss the first cryomodule design based on thermal and mechanical studies carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics. This includes the design of cavity and solenoid cryostats, liquid-helium reservoir and layout of the cryogenic tank.

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THPME050

SPP Beamline Design and Beam Dynamics

ion, ion-source, rfq, plasma

3338

G. Turemen, B. Yasatekin
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
A. Alacakir
SNRTC, Ankara, Turkey
M. Celik, Z. Sali
Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
Ö. Mete
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA
V. Yildiz
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) of SNRTC Project Prometheus (SPP) will be a demonstration and educational machine which will accelerate protons from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV. The project is funded by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) and it will be located at Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training Center (SNRTC) in Ankara. The SPP beamline consists of a multi-cusp H⁺ ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line and a four-vane RFQ operating at 352.2 MHz. The design studies for the multi-cusp ion source (RF or DC) were performed with IBSimu and SIMION software packages. The source has already been produced and currently undergoes extensive testing. There is also a preliminary design for the solenoid based LEBT, POISSON and PATH were used in parallel for the preliminary design. Two solenoid magnets are produced following this design. The RFQ design was made using LIDOS. RFQ.Designer and it was crosschecked with a home-grown software package, DEMIRCI. The initial beam dynamics studies have been performed with both LIDOS and TOUTATIS. This paper discusses the design of the SPP beamline focusing on the RFQ beam dynamics.

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THPME073

Performance of the Low Energy Beam Transport at the RAL Front End Test Stand

rfq, emittance, ion, ion-source

3406

J.J. Back
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
S.R. Lawrie
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J.K. Pozimski
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is intended to demonstrate the early stages of acceleration (0-3 MeV) and beam chopping required for high power proton accelerators, including proton drivers for pulsed neutron spallation sources and neutrino factories. A Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), consisting of three solenoids and four drift sections, is used to transport the H⁻ beam from the ion source to the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). We present the current performance of the LEBT with regards to beam alignment, transmission and focusing into the acceptance of the RFQ.

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THPME138

Dynamic Comparison With XAL and Tracewin Based on the Injector-I of China ADS Test Stand

lattice, cavity, linac, cryomodule

3572

Y.L. Zhao, P. Cheng, H. Geng, C. Meng, S. Pei, B. Sun, H.J. Wang, B. Xu, F. Yan
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The injector scheme I (injector-I) of China ADS test stand is a superconducting Linac which accelerates 10mA beam to 3.2MeV, 5MeV, 10MeV, and then transports it to the dump. The dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion at the three different energies. The XAL from SNS was selected for the commissioning of China ADS. Because the beam current is so high, the nonlinear space charge force cannot be omitted. As we know, XAL calculates the space charge force with linear resolver. So, whether it could display the beam exactly enough is an important issue to consider. As a preparation for beam commissioning, the virtual accelerator in XAL frame was built and tested. Here in this paper, the envelopes of the 5MeV and 10MeV lattices from general XAL mpx application are shown and compared with the multiparticle tracking code TraceWin.

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THPRI030

Progress Towards Completion of the MICE Demonstration of Muon Ionization Cooling

emittance, cavity, coupling, lattice

3831

D.M. Kaplan, P. Snopok
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
A.J. Dobbs
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
P. Snopok
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE, NSF, STFC, INFN, CHIPP and several others
The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory aims to demonstrate ~10% ionization cooling of a muon beam, by its interaction with low-Z absorber materials followed by restoration of longitudinal momentum in RF linacs. MICE Step V will provide the flexibility for a thorough exploration and characterization of the performance of ionization cooling. Step V will include four RF cavities to provide 8 MV/m gradient in a strong magnetic field. This entails an RF drive system to deliver 2 MW, 1 ms pulses of 201 MHz frequency at 1 Hz repetition rate, the distribution network to deliver 1 MW to each cavity with correct RF phasing, diagnostics to determine the gradient and the muon transit phase, and development of the large diameter magnets required in order to keep the muons focused through the linacs. Progress towards the completion of Step V is described.

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THPRI047

Large-aperture Travelling-wave Accelerator Structure for Positron Capture of SuperKEKB Injector Linac

positron, operation, acceleration, linac

3872

S. Matsumoto, T. Higo, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, M. Tanaka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Comparing to the previous KEKB, the four-times higher charge of 4 nC per bunch is required for the injector linac of SuperKEKB. Not only a flux concentrator will be introduced but also the physical aperture of the downstream six 2m-long accelerator structures was increased as large as 30mm in diameter. We call these structures as LAS, “Large Aperture S-band” structure. The resultant higher RF group velocity of about 3% makes the acceleration gradient lower. In the nominal acceleration system, a 40MW klystron with SLED feeds four 2m-long accelerator structures producing 20MV/m acceleration field. The acceleration gradient higher than 14 MV/m is required for the very first two LAS structures to suppress the satellite bunches. This gradient is obtained by feeding only two LAS structures. Initially, ten LAS structures were installed and the RF processing has partly started. In the present paper, we firstly describe the acceleration system design and then present the processing characteristics through the RF processing without beam and with beam.

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THPRI053

Ferrite Material Characterization in a Static Bias Field for the Design of a Tunable Cavity

simulation, impedance, cavity, electromagnetic-fields

3890

J. Eberhardt, F. Caspers, C. Vollinger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the development of ferrite-loaded accelerating cavities, the electromagnetic properties of the dispersive ferrite material need to be known. We describe a coaxial short-circuit measurement technique to measure the complex permeability of toroidal-shaped samples (127mm outer and 70mm inner diameter) that are exposed to an external magnetic bias field. The external magnetic bias field is applied perpendicular to the RF magnetic field. With this method it is possible to characterize the frequency dependence of the permeability for a frequency range of 1-100MHz. The dependence of the permeability on the external magnetic bias is presented for the ferrite G-510 from Trans-Tech Inc. and the material characterization is shown in the same frequency range. The measurement results are verified by simulations of the measurement set-up.

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THPRI059

Field Emission Study of RF cavity in Static Magnetic Field

cathode, gun, cavity, electron

3905

T.H. Luo, D. Li
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W. Gai
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
J.H. Shao
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The RF cavity performance in solenoid magnetic field is crucial for the muon ionization cooling. Previous experiments have shown that the strong external magnetic field can significantly lower the maximum achievable RF voltage in the cavity. The mechanism of this performance degradation has been studied both analytically and experimentally, but so far no conclusive cause has been determined yet. In this paper, we propose an experiment to study the effect of a static B field on the field emission in the RF cavity, which hasn't been investigated before, and which can contribute to the cavity performance degradation in the solenoid field.

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THPRI085

Target Station Design for the Mu2e Experiment

target, proton, radiation, remote-handling

3970

V.S. Pronskikh, G. Ambrosio, M.R. Campbell, R.N. Coleman, G. Ginther, V.V. Kashikhin, K.J. Krempetz, M.J. Lamm, A. Lee, A.F. Leveling, N.V. Mokhov, V.P. Nagaslaev, A.M. Stefanik, S.I. Striganov, S.J. Werkema
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
L.M. Bartoszek
Bartoszek Engineering, Aurora, Illinois, USA
C.J. Densham, P. Loveridge
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
K.R. Lynch, J.L. Popp
CUNY, Bayside, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is devoted to search for the conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus without emission of neutrinos. One of the main parts of the Mu2e experimental setup is its Target Station in which negative pions are generated in interactions of the 8-GeV primary proton beam with a tungsten target. A large-aperture 5-T superconducting production solenoid (PS) enhances pion collection, and an S-shaped transport solenoid (TS) delivers muons and pions to the Mu2e detector. The heat and radiation shield (HRS) protects the PS and the first TS coils. A beam dump absorbs the spent beam. In order for the PS superconducting magnet to operate reliably the sophisticated HRS was designed and optimized for performance and cost. The beam dump was designed to absorb the spent beam and maintaining its temperature and air activation in the hall at the allowable level. Comprehensive MARS15 simulations have been carried out to optimize all the parts while maximizing muon yield. Results of simulations of critical radiation quantities and their implications on the overall Target Station design and integration will be reported.

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THPRI087

Magnet Design for the Target System of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory

target, factory, collider, proton

3976

R.J. Weggel
Particle Beam Lasers, Inc., Northridge, California, USA
V.B. Graves
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The Target System and Pion Decay Channel for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory utilizes a string of solenoid magnet to capture and transport the low-energy pions whose decay provides the desired muon beams. The magnetic field strength at the target is 15-20 T, "tapering" down to 1.5-3 T in the Decay Channel. The superconducting coils which produce these fields must have substantial inner radius to accommodate internal shielding against radiation damage by secondary particles. A significant fraction of the primary beam energy is transported into the Decay Channel via protons, and the Decay Channel includes a magnetic chicane to provide a beam dump for these. The design of the various coils in this scenario is reported.

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THPRI089

Carbon Target Optimization for a Muon Collier/neutrino Factory With a 6.75 GeV Proton Driver

target, proton, factory, collider

3982

X.P. Ding
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
H.G. Kirk
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
K.T. McDonald
PU, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

The first phase of a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory program may use a 6.75-GeV proton driver with beam power of only 1 MW. At this lower power it is favorable to use a graphite target (replaced quarterly) with beam and target tilted slightly to the axis of the 15-20 T pion-capture solenoid around the target. The low-energy proton beam is significantly deflected by the magnetic field, requiring careful optimization, reported here, of the beam/target configuration.

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