IPAC2014 - List of Keywords (extraction)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPRO023	SuperKEKB Beam abort System	kicker, quadrupole, sextupole, power-supply	116
	T. Mimashi, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi, T. Mori KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Abe Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device, Ltd., Hitachishi, Ibaraki, Japan A. Sasagawa KYOCERA Corporation, Higashiomi-city, Shiga, Japan A. Tokuchi Pulsed Power Japan Laboratory Ltd., Kusatsu-shi Shiga, Japan
	The abort system of the SuperKEKB is described. The beam abort system consists of the beam abort kicker magnets, pulsed quadrupole magnets, a lambertson septum magnet and extracted window. The dumped beam is extracted with beam abort kicker through the extraction window. The pulsed quadrupole magnets make the beam spot size large at the window. The damages of the extraction window is tested with KEKB beam. The pulsed kicker power supply is under development.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO023
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MOPRO024	The Beam Test for the Ti Extraction Window Damage	experiment, radiation, electron, kicker	119
	T. Mimashi, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	For the SuperKEKB beam abort system, the Ti extraction window will be used. The damage of the extraction window was estimated with KEKB electron beam. Thin Ti plate and Ti alloy plate were tested as candidates of extraction window material. The damages were observed as a function of beam current. From this experiment, the maximum charge density at the extraction window is determined.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO024
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MOPRO029	Feed Forward Orbit Correction in the CLIC Ring to Main LINAC Transfer Lines	emittance, kicker, simulation, collimation	131
	R. Apsimon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The emittance growth in the betatron collimation system of the 27 km long transfer lines between the CLIC damping rings and the main LINAC depends strongly on the transverse orbit jitter. The resulting stability requirements of the damping ring extraction elements seem extremely difficult to achieve. Position and angle feed forward systems in these long transfer lines bring the specified parameters of the extraction elements within reach. The designs of the optics and feed forward hardware are presented together with tracking simulations of the systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO029
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MOPRO031	Abort Gap Cleaning for LHC Run 2	luminosity, emittance, operation, quadrupole	138
	J.A. Uythoven, A. Boccardi, E. Bravin, B. Goddard, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	To minimize the beam losses at the moment of an LHC beam dump the 3 μs long abort gap should contain as few particles as possible. Its population can be minimised by abort gap cleaning using the LHC transverse damper system. The LHC Run 1 experience is briefly recalled; changes foreseen for the LHC Run 2 are presented. They include improvements in the observation of the abort gap population and the mechanism to decide if cleaning is required, changes to the hardware of the transverse dampers to reduce the detrimental effect on the luminosity lifetime and proposed changes to the applied cleaning algorithms.
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MOPRO088	The NSLS-II Booster Commissioning	booster, controls, monitoring, kicker	295
	S.M. Gurov, S.E. Karnaev, V.A. Kiselev, E.B. Levichev, S.V. Sinyatkin, A.N. Zhuravlev BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia V.V. Smaluk DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source, which was constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This project includes a highly-optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector, and full-energy synchrotron injector. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics built and delivered the booster for NSLS-II. The commissioning of the booster was successfully completed.
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MOPME005	Simulation of the Extraction and Transport of a Beam from the SILHI Source with the Warp Code	ion, plasma, simulation, space-charge	385
	A. Chancé, N. Chauvin CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	In a low energy beam transfer (LEBT) line, space charge effects are dominant and make the motion of the particles strongly non-linear. So, the beam dynamics is directly dependent on the 6D distribution of the particles after the ion source extraction system. It is thus essential to simulate accurately the source extraction region and the space charge compensation after it to try to reach an agreement between the simulations and the measurements. Generally, the ion source extraction system is simulated with electrostatic codes (often using simple model for space charge) from which the 6D beam distribution is derived. Then, this distribution can be used as an initial condition to simulate the beam transport in the LEBT with a time dependent PIC code that takes into account space charge compensation. We propose here to simulate accurately the SILHI source extraction system with the Warp and AXCEL-INP codes. The SILHI ion source will be quickly presented and some simulations results will be given and discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME005
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MOPME024	Progress of the RF Negative Ion Source Research at HUST	plasma, ion, ion-source, experiment	430
	D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C. Wang, H.K. Yue, C. Zhou HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China J.C. Huang, D. Li, D.W. Liu, Z. Zhang Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology of China To promote the research and talent cultivation for ITER negative ion sources, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has started to develop an experimental facility since 2011 under the support of Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As the first stage, we are building a radio frequency (RF) driver which will produce the plasma for yielding negative ions in the next stage. A deal of experimental research has been carried out on the setup.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME024
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MOPME029	Simulation of Low Energy Charged Particle Beams	simulation, electron, cyclotron, quadrupole	442
	O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Low energy particle beams pose specific challenges to simulation codes and experiments alike as a number of effects become important that can often be neglected at higher beam energies, including e.g. space-charge or fringe field effects. The optimization of low energy charged particle beam transport through arbitrary electromagnetic fields is the purpose of a code aimed at tracking low-energy particles from the sub-eV to the MeV energy range with high precision. The code is based on Matlab/Simulink and able to use 3-dimensional field maps from either Finite Elements Method (FEM) solvers, such as Comsol, OPERA 3D or CST particle studio, fields calculated by the code itself, or field maps from measurements. This contribution describes the code structure and presents its performance limitations. It also gives a summary of results obtained from beam dynamics simulations of cyclotrons injection systems, storage ring extraction systems, electrostatic and magnetic beamlines, as well as from photocathode optimization studies.
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MOPME049	Design Considerations of the Final Turnaround Regions for the CLIC Drive Beam	lattice, emittance, kicker, dipole	485
	R. Apsimon, J. Esberg, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The optics design of the final turnaround regions for the CLIC drive beam is presented. This includes the extraction region, the turnaround loop and the phase feed forward chicane for correcting errors on the bunch phase. The design specifications of the kicker and septum magnets are provided. Tracking simulations and detailed studies of coherent and incoherent synchrotron radiation have been used to optimise the optics in the turnaround region in order to minimise transverse and longitudinal emittance growth.
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MOPME068	SiC-JFET Switching Power Supply toward for Induction Ring Accelerators	acceleration, ion, induction, injection	523
	K. Okamura, K. Takayama, M. Wake, T. Yoshimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Sasaki, K. Takaki Iwate university, Morioka, Iwate, Japan K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto TIT, Yokohama, Japan F. Tamura Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
	Funding: Japan Science and Technology Agency Grant-In Aid for Scientific Research(s) (KAKENHI No. 24310077) A new induction synchrotron system using an induction cell has been developed and constructed at KEK. In that system, the switching power supply is one of the key devices that realize digital acceleration. The requirements of the switching power supply are high voltage (2 kV) and high repetition frequency (1 MHz). In the present system, we used series connected MOSFETs as the switching device. However, series connection gives large complexity and less reliability. Among various switching devices, a SiC-JFET should be a promising candidate because it has ultrafast switching speed and high voltage blocking capability. We have developed a new and original SiC-JFET switching device and a compact switching power supply employing this switching element. Now it is integrated into the induction acceleration system for the KEK-DA. Furthermore we have started development of the next generation of SiC package, which has higher voltage capability (2.4 kV) and 2 in 1 module construction. At the conference, the first experimental demonstration of heavy ion acceleration utilizing the SiC-JFET and the design status of the new device package will be presented. T. Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071302 (2011). ** K. Okamura et al., “A Compact Switching Power Supply Utilizing SiC-JFET for The Digital Accelerator ”, in Proc. of IPAC’12, pp 3677-3679.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME068
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MOPME078	Relief of an Electric Field via a Cone Structure	high-voltage, kicker, booster, vacuum	550
	Y.T. Huang, C.K. Chan, C.S. Chen, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, Y.-H. Liu NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan J.-R. Chen National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	A terminated power cable is typically applied not only for terminated ends but also to connect two or more cables. The electric field inside the insulation layer becomes disturbed when a coaxial cable structure is broken and the electric stress increases near the ground edge. A structure of cone type is a major method to alter the lines of equi- potential and to relieve the electric stress around the ground. The dimensions of the cone depend on the cable structure. In this paper we introduce a way to calculate the displacement of equi-potential lines when a cone is brought into a coaxial cable, RG220, and then determine a suitable angle and length of the cone, which are important factors to withstand tens of kV and even greater. The corresponding high-voltage tests are also presented here.
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MOPME079	The DC and AC Withstands Test for TPS Booster Injection Kicker	booster, kicker, injection, vacuum	554
	Y.-H. Liu, C.K. Chan, C.-S. Chen, H.H. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Y.T. Huang, C.S. Yang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	TPS requires highly precise and stable pulsed magnets for top-up mode operation. One injection and two extraction in vacuum kicker magnets in the booster ring are designed and noticed to minimize driving voltage. The HV insulation for magnet itself and vacuum feedthrough need to be tested. A DC withstand voltage tester MUSASHI 3802 (Model: IP-701G) is used to test the DC breakdown voltage, which the maximum driving voltage is 37 kV. And the AC withstand voltage tester was also test the AC breakdown voltage. Thicker than 10 mm ceramic plate could effectively avoid the breakdown occurred with 37 kV DC charging. Thus HV withstand voltage will be higher in vacuum chamber and the insulation with HV will not be the problem.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME079
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MOPRI008	A Compact 2.45 GHz Microwave IOn Source Based High Fluence Irradiation Facility at IUAC, Delhi	ion, plasma, ion-source, coupling	592
	N. Kumar, R. Ahuja, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, G.O. Rodrigues IUAC, New Delhi, India
	A compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source based low energy ion been facility has been developed for performing various experiments in material science and for studies related to plasma physics. The design of the compact microwave source is based on a tunable permanent magnet configuration and is powered by a 2 kW magnetron [1,2]. The double walled, water cooled stainless steel plasma chamber and ridge waveguide have been fabricated using the latest ‘LaserCUSING’ technique. The electron energy distribution functions have been measured in a similar low frequency ion source and validated by model calculations [1]. Extraction of the beam can also be performed at very low voltages in the order of hundreds of volts with high intensities by nullifying the space charge effects with the secondary electrons. The facility will be used for ion implantation, phase formation, surface etching and pattering experiments. The design aspects of the microwave ion source and low energy beam transport system will be presented. * “Studies on the effect of the axial magnetic field on the x-ray bremsstrahlung in a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet microwave ion source” Narender Kumar et. al. accepted for publication in RSI.
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MOPRI010	Laser Ablation Ion Source for the KEK Digital Accelerator	ion, laser, space-charge, simulation	598
	N. Munemoto Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki RIKEN, Saitama, Japan Y. Fuwa Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan S. Ikeda, K. Takayama TIT, Yokohama, Japan M. Kumaki RISE, Tokyo, Japan M. Okamura BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA S. Takano, K. Takayama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Takayama Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK Digital Accelerator (DA) is a small scale induction synchrotron and operated at 10Hz and recently has succeeded to accelerate gaseous ions. There is a strong demand of fully striped carbon ions because the DA is regarded as the second generation of cancer therapy driver, which does not require an injector and electron stripper. We need a novel carbon ion source providing C⁶⁺ beams, which are directly injected into the DA and accelerated up to required energy. For this purpose, a laser ablation ion source(LAIS) is promising. To obtain high yield C⁶⁺ ions from ablation plasma, the laser irradiation condition has been evaluated and relationship between beam properties of charge spectrum, intensity, and temperature, and carbon target materials were examined. Two laser systems, long pulse (6 ns) and short pulse (170 ps), were employed to irradiate a graphite and amorphous carbon target. The current densities and profile of the generated plasmas in time were measured and charge state distributions were analyzed. In addition we will report a full design integrating this LAIS, the extraction system, the longitudinal chopper system, and the low energy beam transport line. T.Yoshimoto et al., presented in this conference ** N.Munemoto et al., Proceedings of ICIS2013, published in Rev. Sci. Inst.
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MOPRI012	High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37	plasma, emittance, ion, proton	604
	I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.
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MOPRI014	Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS	ion, power-supply, ion-source, solenoid	611
	D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Gabor STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.
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MOPRI015	Installing the VESPA H⁻ Ion Source Test Stand at RAL	ion, ion-source, vacuum, plasma	614
	S.R. Lawrie, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. Whitehead, T. Wood STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	A Penning-type negative hydrogen (H) ion source has been used reliably on the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK for almost 30 years. However a detailed study of the ion source plasma and extraction has never been undertaken. If these properties were known, the beam emittance and losses due to collimation could be reduced, and the lifetime increased. This paper summarises the progress made on installing a Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) to fill the knowledge gap.
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MOPRI049	An Ultracold Electron Facility in Manchester	electron, laser, emittance, space-charge	714
	Ö. Mete, R. Appleby, W. Bertsche, M.A. Harvey, G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom S. Chattopadhyay Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A.J. Murray The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
	An ultra-cold atom based electron source (UCAE) facility has been built in the Photon Science Institute (PSI), University of Manchester. In this paper, the key components and working principles of this source are introduced. Pre-commissioning status of this facility and the preliminary simulations results are presented.
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MOPRI078	High Power Cyclotrons for Neutrino Experiments	cyclotron, experiment, proton, vacuum	788
	D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A. Adelmann PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L. Calabretta, D. Campo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	DAEδALUS* and IsoDAR** experiments needs large intense neutrino fluxes to investigate respectively the CP-Violation in the neutrino sector and the existence of sterile neutrino. DAEδALUS requires three neutrino sources driven by proton beams of ~800 MeV at powers of several megawatts placed at distances of 1.5, 8 and 20 km from the detector. Two cyclotrons working in cascade are chosen to deliver these high power beams. The first cyclotron accelerates the H²⁺ ions beam up to 60 MeV/amu. The beam is then extracted with an electrostatic deflector and reaccelerated up to 800 MeV/amu through a superconducting ring cyclotron. The acceleration of H²⁺ has two advantages: it reduces the space charge effect along the injection and acceleration inside the first cyclotron and allows the extraction of the beam from the last accelerator using a stripper foil. The injector cyclotron can be used in stand-alone mode to drive the IsoDAR experiment, which needs the accelerator placed near an underground neutrino detector. The design and the results of beam dynamic simulations will be shown. the results of preliminary injection and acceleration tests into a cyclotron test bench will be presented. * J. Alonso et al., arXiv:1006.0260[physics.ins-det] (2010). ** A. Bungau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 141802 (2012).
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MOPRI080	Measurement of Beam Phase using Phase Probe at the NIRS-930 Cyclotron	acceleration, pick-up, cyclotron, septum	794
	S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan T. Honma, A.K. Komiyama, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	The NIRS-930 cyclotron of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) has been used for production of short-lived radio-pharmaceuticals for PET, research of physics, developments of particle detectors in space, and so on. The NIRS-930 has twelve trim coils for generation of the isochronous fields. Until recently, currents of the twelve trim coils had been adjusted only by monitoring the beam intensity. In order to exactly produce the isochronous fields, a phase probe has been installed in the NIRS-930. Recent results of beam tests using the phase probe will be presented in the present work.
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MOPRI081	Beam Simulation for Improved Operation of Cyclotron NIRS-930	simulation, cyclotron, injection, experiment	797
	M. Nakao, S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan A. Goto Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan T. Honma, A.K. Komiyama, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi AEC, Chiba, Japan V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Beam simulation using SNOP* code has been performed for the cyclotron NIRS-930 at NIRS in order to study beam dynamics in a cyclotron and to improve beam intensity. Each electric or magnetic field (main coil, trim coils, harmonic coils, magnetic channel, gradient corrector, grazer lens, dee electrode, inflector) were calculated by OPERA-3d, and simulated injection, acceleration, and extraction. The simulation of proton with 30 MeV extracting energy with harmonic 1 was already performed and well simulated RF phase and extraction efficiency*. Then we tried to apply SNOP to 18 MeV protons with harmonic 2. We first formed isochronous magnetic field with main and trim coils for simulating single particle. Next we optimized electric deflector and magnetic channel in order to maximize extracted particles simulating the bunch of particles. Beam loss of the simulation was compared to the experiment. And then we are optimizing position and rotation of inflector and position of puller to improve injection. We intend to apply optimized simulation parameter to actual cyclotron operation to improve beam intensity and quality. V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov, Proc. of RUPAC2012 TUPPB008 325 (2012) ** V.L. Smirnov et al., Proc. of IPAC2012 292 (2012)
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MOPRI087	Challenges of the Technical Layout of the SIS 100 Extraction System	vacuum, quadrupole, septum, radiation	815
	N. Pyka, L.H.J. Bozyk, U. Kopf, C. Mühle, D. Ondreka, P. Rottländer, P.J. Spiller, St. Wilfert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A.G. Kalimov St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	The FAIR synchrotron SIS100 which is under construction will provide heavy ion and proton beams of high intensity with fast and slow extraction. All extraction devices, including an internal emergency beam dump system, are installed within one straight section. This way, expected systematic beam loss is kept in a relatively small area of the synchrotron. In this area, it is rather challenging to protect components against high radiation fields, to keep XHV conditions, and to allow for maintenance of highly activated components to assure reliable beam operation. In this contribution, the technical measures to fulfill the requirements for the extraction straight section of SIS100 will be presented. These include remote controlled devices to move apart magnet yokes for the purpose of placing beam pipe heater; dedicated star-shaped vacuum chambers with integrated collimators and NEG-panels to reduce pressure bumps due to lost particles behind the electrostatic septa; a high-power multi-stage vertical extraction septum including a variable horizontal deflection.
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MOPRI089	Upgrade of J-PARC Fast Extraction System	septum, operation, quadrupole, kicker	821
	K. Fan, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan T. Shibata JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	The J-PARC main ring (MR) fast extraction (FX) system has two functions: to deliver a high power beam to the neutrino experimental facility and to dump the beam at any time in case of hardware failures. The present FX system consists of five bipolar kickers and eight bipolar septa. In order to raise the beam power to the design limit, both the beam intensity and the repetition rate will increase gradually. The FX system needs to be upgraded to satisfy the new requirements. The upgrade includes FX orbit optimization and new design of devices. Firstly, two high performance eddy current septa have been designed and fabricated. Then downstream high field septa are redesigned and using ceramic beam pipe to eliminate eddy current effects, which meets the requirement of high repetition rate operation. A new large physical aperture quadrupole is needed to accommodate high intensity beam. In order to evaluate the beam loss in the new system, realistic 3D beam tracking is studied.
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MOPRI091	Resonant Slow Extraction in Synchrotrons by Using Anti-symmetric Sextupole Fields	sextupole, resonance, simulation, synchrotron	827
	Y. Zou, J.Y. Tang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	This paper proposes a novel method for non-resonant slow extraction by using special anti-symmetric sextupole field in synchrotrons. The method has the potential in applications asking for stable slow extraction and in the halo collimation of very large machine such as LHC. Our studies show that the slow extraction by using anti-symmetric sextupole field has some advantages compared to the normal sextupole field which is the normal extraction method. One of them is that it can work at almost arbitrary tune, so that it can avoid the problem of the intensity variation caused by the ripples of magnet supplies. Studies by Hamiltonian theory and simulations which meet well show that the stable region only depends on the anti-symmetric sextupole field strength and the particles outside will be driven out in two directions which are similar to the second-order resonant extraction but with spiral steps as in the third-order resonance extraction. The beam can be extracted with a very stable intensity by gradually increasing the field strength. The multi-particle simulations by a self-made program have been carried out with a proton lattice designed for proton therapy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI091
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MOPRI094	Proposal for a Slow Extraction System for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR	emittance, resonance, sextupole, quadrupole	833
	A. Garonna, D. Abler, C. Carli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: This work was partly funded by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under contract number PITN-GA-2008-215840-PARTNER. A proposal has been made to accelerate ion beams ranging from hydrogen to neon with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical experiments at CERN using the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and for SPS fixed target physics experiments. The feasibility of a new slow extraction system for LEIR based on the third integer resonance was studied with two possible resonance driving mechanisms: quadrupole-driven extraction and RF-knockout extraction. The extraction of fully stripped carbon ions (20-440 MeV/u kinetic energies) has been studied in detail. The requirement to keep the present performance of the machine for physics experiments imposes tight space constraints for the upgrade. The extraction scheme and the hardware requirements are described in this paper.
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MOPRI095	Study of Beam Transport Lines for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR	target, quadrupole, ion, beam-transport	836
	D. Abler Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom C. Carli, A. Garonna CERN, Geneva, Switzerland K.J. Peach JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work was supported by EU FP7 PARTNER (215840) and ULICE (228436). The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) at CERN has been proposed to provide ion beams with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical research, in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and SPS fixed target physics experiments. In the context of this project, two beamlines are proposed for transporting the extracted beam to future experimental end-stations: a vertical beamline for specific low-energy radiobiological research, and a horizontal beamline for radiobiology and medical physics experimentation. This study presents a first linear-optics design for the delivery of 1-5 mm FWHM pencil beams and 5 cm x 5 cm homogeneous broad beams to both endstations. High field uniformity is achieved by selection of the central part of a strongly defocused Gaussian beam, resulting in low beam utilisation.
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MOPRI096	The New Transfer Line Collimation System for the LHC High Luminosity Era	optics, injection, collimation, luminosity	839
	V. Kain, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, A. Mereghetti, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A set of passive absorbers is located at the end of each of the 3 km long injection lines to protect the LHC in case of failures during the extraction process from the LHC’s last pre-injector or the beam transfer itself. In case of an erroneous extraction, the absorbers have to attenuate the beam to a safe level and be robust enough themselves to survive the impact. These requirements are difficult to fulfil with the very bright and intense beams produced by the LHC injectors for the high luminosity era. This paper revisits the requirements for the SPS-to-LHC transfer line collimation system and the adapted strategy to fulfill these for the LHC high luminosity operation. A possible solution for the new transfer line collimation system is presented.
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MOPRI097	Feasibility Studies for the Extraction of both LHC Beams from CERN SPS using a Common Kicker	kicker, septum, simulation, impedance	842
	F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron has to fulfil the demanding intensity specifications for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, with a doubling of the presently achieved operational beam intensity. One of the main problems to be addressed is given by impedance-driven beam instabilities. About 40 % of the total measured SPS impedance is due to the kickers, of which the extraction kickers in two of the SPS straight sections are the largest systems. A potential upgrade is explored which would strongly reduce the number of extraction kickers required in the SPS, by performing non-local extraction. In this scenario LHC Beam 1 would be kicked by the extraction kicker in SPS Long Straight Section 4 (LSS4), normally only used for Beam 2, to be extracted in LSS6. The concept and the expected performance of such a scheme are presented along with detailed simulation results.
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MOPRI100	Investigations of SPS Orbit Drifts	septum, flattop, injection, betatron	852
	L.N. Drøsdal, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The LHC is filled from the last pre-injector, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), via two 3 km long transfer lines, TI 2 and TI 8. Over the LHC injection processes, a drift of the beam trajectories has been observed in TI 2 and TI 8, requiring regular correction of the trajectories, in order to ensure clean injection into the LHC. Investigations of the trajectory variations in the transfer lines showed that the main source of short term trajectory drifts are current variations of the SPS extraction septa (MSE). The stability of the power converters has been improved, but the variations are still present and further improvements are being investigated. The stability over a longer period of time cannot be explained by this source alone. The analysis of trajectory variations shows that there are also slow variations in the SPS closed orbit at extraction. A set of SPS orbit measurements has been saved and analysed. These observations will be used together with simulations and observed field errors to locate the second source of variations.
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MOPRI104	Measurement of Beam Ioniziation Loss in SIS18	ion, simulation, vacuum, injection	864
	L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	In the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI an ion catcher system has been installed to provide low desorption surfaces for ionization beam loss to reduce dynamic vacuum effects. Medium charge state heavy ions can change their charge state in collission with residual gas molecules. Those ions are cought by the ion catcher system. The ion catcher blocks are mounted electrically insulated, such that it is possible, to directly measure the electrical current, induced by the incident ions. Changes in vacuum density during the acceleration cycle and also the energy dependent decrease of the cross sections for electron loss and electron capture can be measured by this system. Different ion catcher currents, measured during the operation with U²⁸⁺, and their interpretation are presented. The measurement of ionization beam loss is a valuable tool to benchmark the dynamic vacuum simulations.
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MOPRI111	Improvements of the Crystal Routine for Collimation Studies	proton, collimation, simulation, scattering	886
	D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.M. Taratin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia I.A. Yazynin IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
	A routine has been implemented to simulate interactions of protons with bent crystals in the collimation version of \texttt{SixTrack}. This routine is optimized in view of producing high-statistics tracking simulations of collimation cleaning assisted by bent crystals. Fine tuning and comparisons with experimental data of coherent effects which a particle can experience in a bent crystal have been carried out. The data taken with 400 GeV beams at the CERN-SPS North Area in the framework of the UA9 experiment are used to benchmark the routine. Further checks on low probability interactions have been made, leading to significant improvements in the description of interactions with crystals. Comparisons with other simulations tools are used to increase our confidence in the scaling to higher energies.
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TUOAA02	Design of the LBNE Beamline	target, proton, operation, shielding	907
	V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: DOE, contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by a set of magnetic horns into a 204 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable for 2.3 MW operation. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.
	Slides TUOAA02 [5.781 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUOAA02
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TUOAA03	Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA: From the Conception to the Implementation Phase	experiment, antiproton, electron, emittance	910
	C. Carli, W. Bartmann, P. Belochitskii, H. Breuker, F. Butin, T. Eriksson, S. Maury, S. Pasinelli, G. Tranquille CERN, Geneva, Switzerland W. Oelert Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut für Physik, Mainz, Germany
	The Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a CERN project aiming at constructing a small 30 m circumference synchrotron to further decelerate antiprotons from the Antiproton Decelerator AD from 5.3 MeV to 100 keV. Controlled deceleration in a synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler to reduce emittances in all three planes will allow the existing AD experiments to increase substantially their antiproton capture efficiencies and render new experiments possible. The ELENA design is now well advanced and the project is moving to the implementation phase. Component design and construction are taking place at present for installation foreseen during the second half of 2015 and beginning of 2016 followed by ring commissioning until the end of 2016. New electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments will be installed and commissioned during the first half of 2017 followed by the first physics operation with ELENA. Basic limitations like Intra Beam Scattering limiting the emittances obtained under electron cooling and direct space charge effects will be reviewed and the status of the project will be reported.
	Slides TUOAA03 [4.963 MB]
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TUPRO016	Machine Protection Challenges for HL-LHC	cavity, beam-losses, operation, luminosity	1039
	R. Schmidt, T. Bär, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	LHC operation requires the flawless functioning of the machine protection systems. The energy stored in the beam was progressively increased beyond the 140 MJ range at the end of 2012 at 4 TeV/c. The further increase to 364 MJ expected for 2015 at 6.5 TeV/c should be possible with the existing protection systems. For HL-LHC, additional failure modes are considered. The stored beam energy will increase by another factor of two with respect to nominal and a factor of five more than experienced so far. The maximum beta function will increase. It is planned to install crab cavities in the LHC. With crab cavities, sudden voltage decays within 100 us after e.g. cavity quenches lead to large beam oscillations. Tracking simulations predict trajectory distortions of up to 1.5 σ in the first turn after a sudden drop of the deflecting voltage in a single cavity within 3 turns. The energy of several MJ stored in halo protons that could hit the collimator in case of such events is far above damage level, even if the collimator jaws are made of robust material. In this paper we discuss the challenges for machine protection in the HL-LHC era and possible mitigation strategies.
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TUPRO043	Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair	proton, ion, simulation, linac	1120
	C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.
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TUPRO049	Layout and Optics of the Dump Line at the European XFEL	kicker, quadrupole, septum, optics	1138
	N. Golubeva, V. Balandin, W. Decking DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The purpose of the optical system, which we call the dump line, is not simply the transport of the beam to the beam dump. It is an essential part of the beam switchyard which provides the possibility to distribute electron bunches of one beam pulse to different FEL beam lines, allowing a flexible selection of the bunch pattern at each FEL experiment. In this paper we describe the final layout of this optical system as it is now under construction.
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TUPRO077	AGS Snake Stories	solenoid, injection, kicker, resonance	1220
	F. Méot, Y. Dutheil, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, N. Tsoupas BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA J. Takano J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This contribution re-visits fields, particle motion, and spin precession in the AGS helical polarization snakes. The work was undertaken in preparation of orbit and spin modeling for future polarized proton and helion runs at RHIC. The investigations include re-computation of 3-D OPERA field maps of the helical snakes and particle and spin tracking. There is a series of sub-products of this study, amongst others, the appropriate settings of the AGS cold snake when changing its strength, cold snake settings for polarized helion programs, non-linear coupling in the AGS, the transport of the stable polarization axis from the AGS to RHIC injection kickers, and in addition, a series of high accuracy 3-D field maps have been produced, in view of long-term tracking in the AGS for beam and polarization transmission studies.
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TUPRO096	Field Measurement of the Quadrupole Magnet for CSNS/RCS	quadrupole, multipole, injection, dipole	1265
	L. Li, C.D. Deng, W. Kang, S. Li, D. Tang, H.J. Wang, B. Yin, Z. Zhang, J.X. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The quadrupole magnets are being manufactured and measured for China Spoliation Neutron Source Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (CSNS/RCS) since 2012. In order to evaluate the magnet qualities, a dedicated magnetic measurement system has been developed. The main quadrupole magnets have been excited with DC current biased 25Hz repetition rate. The measurement of magnetic field was mainly based on integral field and harmonics measurements at both static and dynamic conditions. This paper describes the magnet design, the field measurement system and presents the results of the quadrupole magnet.
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TUPRO099	Development of a Method for Measuring the Radial Component of the Magnetic Field in AVF Cyclotrons	cyclotron, experiment, simulation, proton	1274
	N.A. Morozov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	In AVF cyclotrons the median plane of the magnetic field rather often does not coincide with the mid-plane of their magnetic system. To measure the radial component of the magnetic field, equipment based on search coils is developed and used to correct the median plane of the magnetic field. The equipment for Br mapping is described. The Br mapping and shimming results are presented for two proton therapy IBA C230 cyclotrons.
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TUPRO102	Quadrupole Lens and Extraction Magnets of a Miniature Race-Track Microtron	quadrupole, dipole, microtron, focusing	1283
	I.Yu. Vladimirov, N.I. Pakhomov, V.I. Shvedunov MSU, Moscow, Russia Yu.A. Kubyshin UPC, Barcelona, Spain J.P. Rigla I3M, Valencia, Spain V.V. Zakharov Tehnomag ltd., Kaluga, Russia
	A compact 12 MeV race-track microtron which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia includes a quadrupole magnet for horizontal beam focusing and four dipoles for beam extraction. As the source of the magnetic field in these magnets a Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet (REPM) material is used. In the article the main design characteristics of the quadrupole lens and extraction dipoles are described and a procedure of tuning of their magnetic fields is discussed. We report on the manufacturing of these magnetic systems and results of the tuning of their magnetic fields.
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TUPME009	A Sub-micron Resolution, Wide-band, Stripline BPM System for Driving Bunch-by-bunch Feed-back and Feed-forward Systems at ATF	feedback, kicker, cavity, operation	1358
	G.B. Christian, D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, P. Burrows, M.R. Davis, Y.I. Kim, C. Perry JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
	A low-latency, sub-micron resolution stripline beam position monitoring (BPM) system has been developed and tested with beam at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2), where it has been used as part of a beam stabilisation system. The fast analogue front-end signal processor is based on a single-stage RF down-mixer and a position resolution below 400 nm has been demonstrated for beam intensities of ~1 nC, with single-pass beam. The BPM position data are digitised by fast ADCs on an FPGA-based digital feedback controller, which is used to drive either a pair of kickers local to the BPMs and nominally orthogonal in phase, in closed-loop feedback mode, or a downstream kicker in the ATF2 final focus region, in feedforward mode. The beam jitter is measured downstream of the final focus system with high resolution, low-Q, cavity BPMs, and the relative performance of both systems in stabilising the beam is compared.
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TUPRI031	A Precise Beam Dynamics Model of the PSI Injector 2 to Estimate the Intensity Limit	space-charge, cyclotron, simulation, acceleration	1630
	A.M. Kolano, R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	We describe a precise beam dynamics model of the production set up of the Injector 2 Cyclotron at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Injector 2 is a 72 MeV separate-sector cyclotron producing a high intensity proton beam up to 2.7 mA CW, which is then injected into the 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron. The model includes space charge and is calculated for optimised matched initial conditions. It has been verified with measurements. Based on this model we estimate the limits to the intensity obtainable from Injector 2. The precise beam dynamics model is based on the OPAL (Object Oriented Parallel Accelerator Library) simulation code, a tool for charged-particle optics calculations in large accelerator structures and beam lines including 3D space charge.
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TUPRI058	Impedance Studies of the Dummy Septum for CERN PS Multi-turn Extraction	impedance, septum, simulation, synchrotron	1704
	S. Persichelli, O.E. Berrig, M. Giovannozzi, J. Herbst, J. Kuczerowski, M. Migliorati, B. Salvant CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A protection septum has been installed in the CERN PS section 15 in order to mitigate irradiation of the magnetic septum 16 for fast extractions towards the SPS. Impedance studies have been performed, showing that beams circulating in the septum during extraction generate sharp resonances in the coupling impedance. Impedance measurements with the wire technique have been performed, showing a good agreement with simulations. Instability rise times of trapped modes have been evaluated and compared to extraction duration. Solutions for reducing the impact on the stability of the beam have been considered.
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WEPRO014	The Installations of the In-vacuum Kicker System of the Booster Injection Section in TPS	kicker, booster, vacuum, injection	1971
	C.S. Chen, C.K. Chan, K.H. Hsu, Y.T. Huang, Y.-H. Liu, C.S. Yang NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	The installations of the In-Vacuum kicker system of the booster injection in TPS are presented in this article. Due to the more than 20 kV operation voltages and precise positioning requirements, the insulations and positioning systems are designed with more attentions. Although increasing the gap between high potential parts and ground could provide enough withstanding voltage, on the other hand, the insufficient space and vacuum requirements limit the sizes of insulators. Therefore, lots of effort have been done to deal with these conflicts. All assembling processes will be described in this paper as well.
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WEPRO016	Injection/Extraction Kicker for the ALS-U Project	kicker, impedance, injection, coupling	1977
	S. De Santis, W. Barry, S. Kwiatkowski, T.H. Luo, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DEAC02-05CH11231 The ALS-II proposal consists in the upgrade of the existing Advanced Light Source at LBNL to a new ultra-low emittance lattice for production of diffraction-limited soft x-rays. In order to compensate for the reduced beam lifetime we intend to operate the machine in continuous top-off mode, where one of several bunch trains is extracted every 30-60 seconds and swapped with a fresh train from the accumulator ring, which is injected on axis without perturbing the circulating beam. In this paper we present a possible design for the injection/extraction kicker based on matched stripline electrodes. The main parameters of such a kicker are discussed in reference to the minimum gap between trains, the storage ring lattice, and the characteristics of a suitable pulser. We also present results from 3D electromagnetic modeling of the proposed kicker performed to evaluate its rise and fall time and field uniformity characteristics.
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WEPRO020	Energy Interlock in the NSLS II Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line	storage-ring, booster, dipole, interlocks	1986
	S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, S.L. Kramer, T.V. Shaftan BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Under normal operational conditions in NSLS-II the energy of the beam extracted from the Booster and transferred to and injected into the Storage Ring (SR) is 3 GeV. It was determined that for the commissioning purposes energy range of the beam reaching the SR is allowed to be 2 GeV - 3.15 GeV. While the upper limit of the beam energy is defined by the maximum possible settings of Booster dipoles at the top of the ramp, the lower energy limit has to be provided by magnet interlocks. The constraints of time and resources do not allow providing dynamic interlocks of the Booster dipoles for commissioning stage of NSLS-II. In this paper we find a feasible solution for the static interlock of magnets in the Booster to SR transfer line (BSR) which creates a required “energy filter”.
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WEPRO062	Reacceleration of Ion Beams for Particle Therapy	synchrotron, ion, operation, acceleration	2091
	C. Schömers, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) cancer patients are treated using the raster-scanning method. A synchrotron provides pencil beams in therapy quality for 255 energy steps per ion type allowing to vary the penetration depth and thus to irradiate tumors slice-by-slice. So far, changing the beam energy necessitates a new synchrotron cycle, including all phases without beam extraction. As the no. of ions that can be accelerated in the synchrotron usually exceeds the required no. of ions for one energy slice, treatment time could be significantly reduced by reaccelerating or decelerating the remaining ions to the next energy level. By alternating acceleration and extraction phases several slices could be irradiated with only short interruptions. Therefore the reacceleration of a transversally blown up beam – due to RF-knockout extraction – must be investigated, beam losses have to be minimized. To estimate the benefit of this operation mode, treatment time has been simulated and compared to the time achieved in the past. A reduction of up to 65% is possible and more patients can be treated! Simulations and first tests of a reaccelerated and extracted beam are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO062
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WEPRO068	SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction	operation, quadrupole, simulation, closed-orbit	2106
	E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA H. Bartosik, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.
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WEPRO069	Development of Cogging at the Fermilab Booster	booster, kicker, dipole, injection	2109
	K. Seiya, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, W. Pellico, A.K. Triplett, A.M. Waller Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The development of magnetic cogging is part of the Fermilab Booster upgrade within the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). The Booster is going to send 2.25·10¹⁷ protons/hour which is almost double the present flux, 1.4·10¹⁷ protons/hour to the Main Injector (MI) and Recycler (RR). The extraction kicker gap has to synchronize to the MI and RR injection bucket in order to avoid a beam loss at the rising edge of the extraction and injection kickers. Magnetic cogging is able to control the revolution frequency and the position of the gap using the magnetic field from dipole correctors while radial position feedback keeps the beam at the central orbit. The new cogging is expected to reduce beam loss due to the orbit changes and reduce beam energy loss when the gap is created. The progress of the magnetic cogging system development is going to be discussed in this paper.
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WEPRO080	HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS	target, ion, proton, neutron	2143
	T. De Melo Mendonca CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.
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WEPRO081	Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre	synchrotron, injection, proton, ion	2146
	F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria M. Benedikt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper. * P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.
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WEPRO082	A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons	proton, radiation, cyclotron, ion	2149
	C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker HZB, Berlin, Germany A. Weber Charite, Berlin, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.
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WEPRO091	Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR	ion, cyclotron, proton, synchrotron	2171
	E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.
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WEPRO095	Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex	proton, ion, target, synchrotron	2183
	M.M. Kats ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.
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WEPRO100	NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG	lattice, injection, proton, dynamic-aperture	2198
	R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom K.M. Hock Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications". We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.
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WEPRO106	Complex “ALFA” After 10 Years of Operation on Track Membranes Production	ion, cyclotron, injection, ion-source	2212
	G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	The film irradiation complex “ALFA” dedicated to expose the polymer films used in the track membranes production was designed and manufactured by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for “TRACKPORE TECHNOLOGY" holding company and put into operation in 2002 year in Dubna, Russia. The complex consists of the isochronous cyclotron CYTRACK with external injection of ions, the extraction system, the beam transport of accelerated ions and the film irradiation chamber. Cyclotron CYTRACK accelerates argon ions upto the energy - 2,4 МeV/nucleon, intensity of extracted beam is about 500nA, extraction efficiency totaled 50%. The complex “ALFA” products polyethylene terephthalate track membranes with less than 25 μm thickness and less than 40cm width. After ten years of the successful operation complex “ALFA” was upgraded. Vacuum, control and power supply systems were replaced. As a result the stability and efficiency of the operation of the equipment were increased.
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WEPRI090	Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dimitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy	cyclotron, proton, acceleration, focusing	2703
	S.A. Kostromin, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Korovkin, S.P. Mokrenko, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, Y. Paradis IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	JINR-IBA C235-V3 isochronous cyclotron for 1st Russian hospital center of the proton therapy has been assembled and tested. Shimming of the magnetic field, optimization of the acceleration modes and testing with the extracted proton beam were done in frame of this work. The paper presents experimental results of the beam dynamics in the accelerator. Proton transmission from radius 30cm to 103cm is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms. The extraction efficiency is 62%. This cyclotron is a substantially modified version C235-V3 of the IBA C235 serial cyclotron. C235-V3 has the improved extraction system which was constructed and tested. This system allows raise the extraction efficiency up to 77% from 50% in comparison with serial C235. Special mapping system (for Br-component) of the magnetic field was developed and constructed by JINR for the shimming of the Br-field in the middle plane of the cyclotron. Total efficiency of the machine is 45%. Further improvement of the parameters expected after final tuning of the cyclotron in Dimitrovgrad.
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WEPRI098	QUENCH PROTECTION STUDIES OF 11T Nb3Sn DIPOLE MODELS FOR LHC UPGRADES	dipole, injection, simulation, collimation	2725
	A.V. Zlobin, G. Chlachidze, A. Nobrega, I. Novitski Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M. Karppinen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Funding: Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy CERN and FNAL are developing 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets for the LHC collimation system upgrade. Due to the large stored energy, protection of these magnets during a quench is a challenging problem. This paper reports the results of experimental studies of key quench protection parameters including longitudinal and radial quench propagation in the coil, coil heating due to a quench, and energy extraction and quench-back effect. The studies were performed using a 1 m long 11 T Nb3Sn dipole coil tested in a magnetic mirror configuration.
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THPRO056	Estimation of Systematic Errors for Deuteron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) Search at a Storage Ring	simulation, polarization, dipole, experiment	2998
	S. Chekmenev RWTH, Aachen, Germany
	An experimental method which is aimed to find a permanent EDM of a charged particle was proposed by JEDI (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) collaboration in 2012. EDMs can be observed by their small influence on spin motion. The only possible way to perform a direct measurement is to use a storage ring. For this purpose it was decided to carry out the first precursor experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY). Since the EDM of a particle violates CP invariance and is expected to be tiny, treatment of all various sources of systematic errors should be done with a great level of precision. One should clearly understand how misalignments of the magnets affects the beam and the spin motion. In reality, one of the methods to investigate spin behavior in the presence of misalignments in a storage ring is to mimic their influence on the beam parameters using small orbit kicks with different amplitudes. In this talk the first simulations of orbit excitations will be discussed. The corresponding spin tune shifts will be considered. The influence of the distorted orbit on the polarization build-up caused by the EDM will be examined. A. Lehrach, F. Rathmann, J. Pretz et al., "Search for Permanent Electric Dipole Moments at COSY. Step 1: Spin coherence and systematic error studies", 2012
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THPRO059	Simulation Study on Beam Loss in the Alpha Bucket Regime during SIS-100 Proton Operation	closed-orbit, proton, simulation, synchrotron	3008
	S. Sorge GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Besides heavy ion operation, the heavy ion synchrotron SIS-100 will accelerate a single proton bunch of N=2*10¹³ particles up to the energy E=29 GeV. For the present standard scenario, optics settings have been developed which provide a transition energy according to gamma_tr=45.5 in order to avoid transition crossing during acceleration. At extraction energy the corresponding nonlinear momentum compaction and phase slip factors cause the formation of a so called alpha bucket. In this contribution we present the results of transverse beam loss tracking studies in the alpha bucket regime. The effects of momentum spread, magnet errors and residual closed orbit distortion are analyzed.
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THPRO067	Modeling Slow Extraction Process For J-PARC Main Ring	controls, operation, quadrupole, experiment	3032
	A.Y. Molodozhentsev KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	J-PARC Main Ring has to deliver the proton beam to ‘hadron’ experiments by using ‘slow extraction’ technique, base on the 3rd order horizontal resonance. The spill quality during the full extraction period is one of the most important requirements as well as the beam quality. The computer modeling of the slow extraction process for J-PARC Main Ring is based on a realistic machine model, which includes measured imperfections of the machine in addition to dynamic variation of the machine elements to perform the slow extraction. In frame of this report we represent the results of the modeling the slow extraction process from J-PARC Main Ring by using the PTC-ORBIT combined code. The resonance extraction has been controlled by changing the betatron tune. Control the horizontal emittance of the extracted beam has been performed by using ‘dynamic’ bumps. Control the spill quality of the extracted beam has been performed by using dedicated quadrupole magnets and the transverse RF signal (RF knockout). In addition, the spill quality can be improved by suppressing effect of the power supply ripple. On the request, the collective effects can be introduced into the model.
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THPRO079	Quantitative Analysis of Trapping Probability for Quasi-integrable Two-degree of Freedom Maps	resonance, simulation, coupling, synchrotron	3065
	M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, J. Williams CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Bazzani Bologna University, Bologna, Italy C. Hernalsteens EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	A key ingredient for the Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron is the beam trapping in stable islands of transverse phase space. In a previous paper a method allowing analytical estimation of the fraction of beam trapped into resonance islands as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters has been presented. Such a method applies to one-degree of freedom models of betatronic motion. In this paper, the analysis is extended to the more realistic and challenging case of two-degree of freedom systems, in which the interplay between the horizontal and vertical motion is fully included. Numerical simulations are presented and the results are discussed in detail.
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THPRO090	Energy Calibration and Tune Jumps Efficiency in the pp AGS	polarization, timing, resonance, acceleration	3095
	Y. Dutheil, L. Ahrens, H. Huang, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V. Schoefer, K. Yip BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The AGS tune jump system consists of two fast quadrupoles used to accelerate the crossing of 82 horizontal intrinsic spin resonances. The fast tune jump of ΔQh=+0.04 within 100 μs imposes perfect localization of each of the 82 resonant conditions. Imperfect timing of the tune jumps results in lower efficiency of the system and lower transmission of the polarization through the AGS acceleration cycle. Investigations during the end of the pp AGS Run13 revealed weaknesses in the energy measurement at high energy, causing less than optimal timing of the tune jumps. A new method based on continuous polarization measurement to determine the energy during the acceleration cycle has been developed. Strong operational constraints were taken into account to provide a convenient system of energy measurement. This is also used to calibrate the usual determination of the energy based on revolution frequency of the beam or measured dipole magnetic field. This paper shows the tools developed and the results of the first tests during the AGS Run 14. Simulations of the expected tune jumps efficiency using the AGS Zgoubi model are also presented and compared to experimental results.
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THPME003	A Precise Determination of the Core-halo Limit	emittance, linac, space-charge, instrumentation	3208
	P.A.P. Nghiem, N. Chauvin, D. Uriot, M. Valette CEA/DSM/IRFU, France W. Simeoni IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
	For high-intensity beams, the dynamics of the dense core is different from that of the much less dense halo. Relations between core emittance growth and halo generation are often studied, halo scraping often experienced and halo re-formation observed. For all that, a clear distinction between the core and the halo parts does not exist. This paper proposes a new method for precisely determining the core-halo limit applicable to any particle distribution type. Once this limit is known, the importance of the halo relative to the core can be precisely quantified. The core-halo limit determination may be easily extended to the nD phase space, allowing the definition of emittance and Twiss parameters for the core and the halo separately.
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THPME058	Risk Analysis and Machine Protection of SIS100	ion, synchrotron, proton, septum	3364
	C. Omet, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	To ensure safe functionality and reduce unneccessary shutdowns, a risk analysis of the main driver accelerator for the FAIR project SIS100, has been done. The analysis includes all major technical systems and was done accordingly to EN 61508. Results of the analysis and appropriate countermeasures for detection and/or mitigation of the failures are presented. Furthermore, an estimation of the accelerator‘s availability is given.
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THPME060	Malfunction, Cause and Recurrence Prevention Measures of J-PARC Slow Extraction	target, power-supply, quadrupole, controls	3370
	M. Tomizawa, T. Kimura, H. Nakagawa, K. Okamura KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The radiation leakage accident occurred at the J-PARC hadron experimental hall in May 2013 was triggered by a target damage due to an unanticipated short beam pulse from J-PARC main ring. An extremely short beam pulse was produced by a rapid current increase of the quadrupole (EQ) power supply system for a spill feedback. A simulation with the slow extraction process could explain such a short beam pulse generation. The cause of the malfunction has been identified by an intensive investigation of the EQ power supply system performed after the accident. We will show measures to prevent recurrence.
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THPME062	Status of the J-PARC Ring RF Systems	cavity, operation, proton, impedance	3376
	M. Yoshii, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan E. Ezura, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, K. Takata, M. Toda KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Schnase GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The high intensity proton accelerator complex (J-PARC) consists of the Linac, the 25Hz rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and the 50GeV main synchrotron (MR). During the long shutdown of 2013, the Linac energy was upgraded from 181MeV to the design value of 400MeV. In the RCS, we have installed the last 12th RF system. In operation from January 2014, beam commissioning aimed at 1 MW operation will be started. In the MR, the upgrade plan of the beam power, realizing by raising the repetition, has been started. For this reason the accelerating voltage must be increased, and all MR RF systems will be replaced with more efficient systems. A new magnetic alloy material (FT3L) has been developed. Manufacturing of the FT3L accelerating cavities has proceeded. It becomes possible to increase the accelerating voltage from 280 kV to 540 kV, using the new cavities in combination with the existing RF power supplies. We have started the developments of a 2nd harmonic system loaded with air-cooled FT3L cores and a high-Q VHF cavity system, too. Both systems are used for longitudinal dilution increase the bunching factor of the circulating high intensity proton beam.
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THPME065	Beam Test of the CERN PSB Wide-band RF System Prototype in the J-PARC MR	feedback, cavity, impedance, beam-loading	3385
	F. Tamura JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, M. Yoshii KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan M.M. Paoluzzi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project (LIU), a complete replacement of the existing narrow-band rf systems of CERN PSB with wide-band magnetic alloy (MA) loaded rf systems is in progress. A single gap MA loaded rf system prototype, which uses solid-state power amplifier and includes fast rf feedback for beam loading compensation, has been installed in the J-PARC MR to investigate the system behavior with high intensity proton beams. We report the wake voltage measurement results with and without fast rf feedback. In addition to the fast feedback, the rf feedforward method is under consideration to compensate the heavy beam loading more effectively. Preliminary beam test results with feedforward are also presented.
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THPME070	Status of the LIU Project at CERN	linac, injection, ion, luminosity	3397
	K. Hanke, H. Damerau, A. Deleu, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN has put in place an ambitious improvement programme to make the injector chain of the LHC capable of supplying the high intensity and high brightness beams requested by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project comprises a new Linac (Linac4) as well as major upgrades and renovations of the PSB, PS and SPS synchrotrons. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding Linac3 and LEIR to the list of accelerators concerned. This paper reports on the work completed during the first long LHC shutdown, and outlines the further upgrade path.
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THPME071	Injection and Extraction Systems for a High-Power Proton Synchrotron at CERN	laser, injection, septum, kicker	3400
	W. Bartmann, V. Fedosseev, B. Goddard, T. Kramer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A new High-Power Proton Synchrotron (HP-PS) is being studied at CERN for the second phase of the Long Baseline Neutrino facility (LAGUNA-LBNO) where a 2 MW beam power shall impinge onto a target. A 4 GeV H⁻ injection based on foil stripping and extendable to laser-assisted magnet stripping is described. The proposed laser-assisted stripping is assessed with regard to the laser power requirements. The feasibility of a fast extraction system at 75 GeV is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME071
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THPME072	Delivery of Special Magnets for the MedAustron Project	kicker, injection, dipole, controls	3403
	T. Kramer, M.G. Atanasov, R.A. Barlow, M.J. Barnes, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, T. Fowler, M. Hourican, V. Mertens, A. Prost CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T. Stadlbauer EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
	Ten different types of kickers, bumpers, and electrostatic and magnetic septa, along with certain power supplies and associated control system components, have been designed in a collaboration between CERN and MedAustron for an ion therapy centre in Wr. Neustadt (Austria). This paper focuses on the status of the special magnets work package and the improvements applied during the production. The design parameters are compared with data from measurements, hardware tests and initial commissioning. The major factors contributing to the successful completion of the work package are highlighted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME072
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THPME077	Complex Beam Profile Reconstruction, A Novel Rotating Array of Vibrating Wires	vacuum, operation, instrumentation, detector	3415
	S.G. Arutunian ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia J.R. Alonso LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Proton/ion beams of multiple charge/mass ratio can be very complex. Orthogonal X-Y projections are often inappropriate to represent these profiles. An array of vibrating wires, rotating around the beam axis is under development. The mechanical implementation is described. An algorithm to reconstruct the profile is proposed. The tradeoffs between the number of wires, the rotation angles, the response time and the profile resolution are discussed.
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THPME102	Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR	ion, proton, detector, target	3480
	P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus GSI, Darmstadt, Germany W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ. The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.
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THPME130	Development of New Data-taking System for Beam Loss Monitors of J-PARC MR	feedback, monitoring, detector, operation	3547
	K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan S.Y. Yoshida Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan
	A new data acquisition system has been developed to improve band-width and dynamic range of the beam loss monitor systems. It consists of isolation current amplifiers with the gain of 1M and the band-width of DC-100kHz, and VME-based 24bit ADCs with the band-width of DC-300kHz and the noise level of 100uV peak to peak. The waveform data of 1MS/s and 1KS/s, and the charge count which is the integrated waveform data are generated and these are compared with alarm levels for the machine protection system. Long-term ground-level stability is essential to monitor residual dose activities. Some beam loss signals include effect of radiations from activated devices, and thus its fractions should be excluded. If the residual dose activities just before the beam injections can be monitored, these fractions would be roughly estimated. Furthermore, on-line monitoring of the residual dose activities after a beam operation will be useful for activation control of the devices at the high level activation area like the collimator and the slow-extraction area. A shot by shot DC offset cancellation is adopted to ensure high ground level stability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME130
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THPME135	Simulations of the Ion Spatial Distribution in a Gas-Curtain Based Beam Profile Monitor	ion, simulation, electron, antiproton	3563
	B.B.D. Lomberg, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom A. Jeff, B.B.D. Lomberg, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom A. Jeff CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V. Tzoganis RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 215080 and 289485, HGF and GSI under contract VH-HG-328, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1, and a RIKEN-Liverpool studentship. A gas-jet monitor has been developed and commissioned by the QUASAR Group at the Cockcroft Institute, UK. It is designed to measure the transverse profile of a beam by crossing it with a neutral supersonic gas-jet. An array of high voltage electrodes is used to extract ions from the region where the beam and gas-jet interact. These ions first hit a micro-channel plate (MCP) and are then imaged through a phosphor screen and a CCD camera. It is important to understand and characterise the measured ion distribution in order to extract the beam profile. Therefore, numerical investigations using the commercial COMSOL and OPERA codes were carried out benchmarking profile measurements obtained from a low energy electron beam. This paper presents results from these studies. It compares measurements based on the interaction of the primary beam with the residual gas or the ultra-cold gas curtain, and discusses the comparisons of simulated profiles and extraction field configurations on the measured profile.
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THPME170	Prospects for Longitudinal Phase-space Measurements at the MAX IV Linac	linac, electron, FEL, simulation	3665
	F. Curbis, O. Karlberg, S. Thorin, S. Werin MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
	Knowing the longitudinal phase space of an electron beam is one of the most important and crucial issues in short-pulses linacs. To achieve this task expensive and rather complicated setups (like transverse deflecting cavities) are usually implemented. The MAX IV 3 GeV linac will be used to inject into two rings and to drive a short pulse facility. Nevertheless, a more deep understanding of the beam quality would be useful especially in view of an upgrade as FEL driver. Another interesting aspect is to evaluate how the double-achromat bunch compressors are performing. We are studying how to implement off-phase acceleration: last part of the linac will be set at zero-crossing phase and the transfer line to the 3 GeV ring could be used as energy spectrometer to retrieve the bunch profile. In the present configuration of the MAX IV linac this procedure will allow to check the bunch length after the first bunch compressor. Since it is work in progress, in this contribution we present a sketch of the measurement and the feasibility of the method will be explored by means of simulations.
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THPRI021	Implementation of a Direct Link between the LHC Beam Interlock System and the LHC Beam Dumping System Re-triggering Lines	dumping, operation, kicker, electronics	3810
	S. Gabourin, E. Carlier, R. Denz, N. Magnin, J.A. Uythoven, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Bartholdt, B. Bertsche, V. Vatansever, P. Zeiler Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
	To avoid damage of accelerator equipment due to impacting beam, the controlled removal of the LHC beams from the collider rings towards the dump blocks must be guaranteed at all times. When a beam dump is demanded, the Beam Interlock System communicates this request to the Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System of the LHC Beam Dumping System. Both systems were built according to high reliability standards. To further reduce the risk of incapability to dump the beams in case of correlated failures in the Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System, a new direct link from the Beam Interlock System to the re-triggering lines of the LHC Beam Dumping System will be implemented for the start-up with beam in 2015. The link represents a diverse redundancy to the current implementation, which should neither significantly increase the risk for so-called asynchronous beam dumps nor compromise machine availability. This paper describes the implementation choices of this link. Furthermore the results of a reliability analysis to quantify its impact on LHC machine availability are presented.
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THPRI093	CSCM: EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION RESULTS	simulation, dipole, operation, network	3988
	S. Rowan, B. Auchmann, K. Brodzinski, Z. Charifoulline, R. Denz, V. Roger, I. Romera, R. Schmidt, A.P. Siemko, J. Steckert, H. Thiesen, A.P. Verweij, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H. Pfeffer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The copper-stabilizer continuity measurement - or CSCM - was devised to obtain a direct and complete qualification of the continuity in the 13 kA bypass circuits of the LHC, especially in the copper-stabilizer of the busbar joints and the bolted connections in the diode-leads. The circuit under test is brought to ~20 K, a voltage is applied to open the diodes, and the low-inductance circuit is powered with a pre-defined series of current profiles. The profiles are designed to successively increase the thermal load on the busbar joints up to a level that corresponds to worst-case operating conditions at nominal energy. In this way, the circuit is tested for thermal runaways in the joints - the very process that could prove catastrophic if it occurred under nominal conditions with the full circuit energy. Surveillance software and a numerical model were devised to carry out the analysis and ensure complete protection of the circuit from over-heating. A type test of the CSCM was successfully carried out in April 2013 on one main dipole and one main quadrupole circuit of the LHC. This paper describes the analysis procedure, the numerical model, and results of this first type test.
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

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MOPRO023

SuperKEKB Beam abort System

kicker, quadrupole, sextupole, power-supply

116

T. Mimashi, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi, T. Mori
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Abe
Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device, Ltd., Hitachishi, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Sasagawa
KYOCERA Corporation, Higashiomi-city, Shiga, Japan
A. Tokuchi
Pulsed Power Japan Laboratory Ltd., Kusatsu-shi Shiga, Japan

The abort system of the SuperKEKB is described. The beam abort system consists of the beam abort kicker magnets, pulsed quadrupole magnets, a lambertson septum magnet and extracted window. The dumped beam is extracted with beam abort kicker through the extraction window. The pulsed quadrupole magnets make the beam spot size large at the window. The damages of the extraction window is tested with KEKB beam. The pulsed kicker power supply is under development.

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MOPRO024

The Beam Test for the Ti Extraction Window Damage

experiment, radiation, electron, kicker

119

T. Mimashi, N. Iida, M. Kikuchi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

For the SuperKEKB beam abort system, the Ti extraction window will be used. The damage of the extraction window was estimated with KEKB electron beam. Thin Ti plate and Ti alloy plate were tested as candidates of extraction window material. The damages were observed as a function of beam current. From this experiment, the maximum charge density at the extraction window is determined.

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MOPRO029

Feed Forward Orbit Correction in the CLIC Ring to Main LINAC Transfer Lines

emittance, kicker, simulation, collimation

131

R. Apsimon, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The emittance growth in the betatron collimation system of the 27 km long transfer lines between the CLIC damping rings and the main LINAC depends strongly on the transverse orbit jitter. The resulting stability requirements of the damping ring extraction elements seem extremely difficult to achieve. Position and angle feed forward systems in these long transfer lines bring the specified parameters of the extraction elements within reach. The designs of the optics and feed forward hardware are presented together with tracking simulations of the systems.

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MOPRO031

Abort Gap Cleaning for LHC Run 2

luminosity, emittance, operation, quadrupole

138

J.A. Uythoven, A. Boccardi, E. Bravin, B. Goddard, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

To minimize the beam losses at the moment of an LHC beam dump the 3 μs long abort gap should contain as few particles as possible. Its population can be minimised by abort gap cleaning using the LHC transverse damper system. The LHC Run 1 experience is briefly recalled; changes foreseen for the LHC Run 2 are presented. They include improvements in the observation of the abort gap population and the mechanism to decide if cleaning is required, changes to the hardware of the transverse dampers to reduce the detrimental effect on the luminosity lifetime and proposed changes to the applied cleaning algorithms.

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MOPRO088

The NSLS-II Booster Commissioning

booster, controls, monitoring, kicker

295

S.M. Gurov, S.E. Karnaev, V.A. Kiselev, E.B. Levichev, S.V. Sinyatkin, A.N. Zhuravlev
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V.V. Smaluk
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source, which was constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This project includes a highly-optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector, and full-energy synchrotron injector. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics built and delivered the booster for NSLS-II. The commissioning of the booster was successfully completed.

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MOPME005

Simulation of the Extraction and Transport of a Beam from the SILHI Source with the Warp Code

ion, plasma, simulation, space-charge

385

A. Chancé, N. Chauvin
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

In a low energy beam transfer (LEBT) line, space charge effects are dominant and make the motion of the particles strongly non-linear. So, the beam dynamics is directly dependent on the 6D distribution of the particles after the ion source extraction system. It is thus essential to simulate accurately the source extraction region and the space charge compensation after it to try to reach an agreement between the simulations and the measurements. Generally, the ion source extraction system is simulated with electrostatic codes (often using simple model for space charge) from which the 6D beam distribution is derived. Then, this distribution can be used as an initial condition to simulate the beam transport in the LEBT with a time dependent PIC code that takes into account space charge compensation. We propose here to simulate accurately the SILHI source extraction system with the Warp and AXCEL-INP codes. The SILHI ion source will be quickly presented and some simulations results will be given and discussed.

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MOPME024

Progress of the RF Negative Ion Source Research at HUST

plasma, ion, ion-source, experiment

430

D.Z. Chen, M. Fan, J. Huang, X.F. Li, K.F. Liu, C. Wang, H.K. Yue, C. Zhou
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
J.C. Huang, D. Li, D.W. Liu, Z. Zhang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People's Republic of China

Funding: Ministry of Science and Technology of China
To promote the research and talent cultivation for ITER negative ion sources, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has started to develop an experimental facility since 2011 under the support of Ministry of Science and Technology of China. As the first stage, we are building a radio frequency (RF) driver which will produce the plasma for yielding negative ions in the next stage. A deal of experimental research has been carried out on the setup.

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MOPME029

Simulation of Low Energy Charged Particle Beams

simulation, electron, cyclotron, quadrupole

442

O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O. Karamyshev, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Low energy particle beams pose specific challenges to simulation codes and experiments alike as a number of effects become important that can often be neglected at higher beam energies, including e.g. space-charge or fringe field effects. The optimization of low energy charged particle beam transport through arbitrary electromagnetic fields is the purpose of a code aimed at tracking low-energy particles from the sub-eV to the MeV energy range with high precision. The code is based on Matlab/Simulink and able to use 3-dimensional field maps from either Finite Elements Method (FEM) solvers, such as Comsol, OPERA 3D or CST particle studio, fields calculated by the code itself, or field maps from measurements. This contribution describes the code structure and presents its performance limitations. It also gives a summary of results obtained from beam dynamics simulations of cyclotrons injection systems, storage ring extraction systems, electrostatic and magnetic beamlines, as well as from photocathode optimization studies.

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MOPME049

Design Considerations of the Final Turnaround Regions for the CLIC Drive Beam

lattice, emittance, kicker, dipole

485

R. Apsimon, J. Esberg, A. Latina, D. Schulte, J.A. Uythoven
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The optics design of the final turnaround regions for the CLIC drive beam is presented. This includes the extraction region, the turnaround loop and the phase feed forward chicane for correcting errors on the bunch phase. The design specifications of the kicker and septum magnets are provided. Tracking simulations and detailed studies of coherent and incoherent synchrotron radiation have been used to optimise the optics in the turnaround region in order to minimise transverse and longitudinal emittance growth.

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MOPME068

SiC-JFET Switching Power Supply toward for Induction Ring Accelerators

acceleration, ion, induction, injection

523

K. Okamura, K. Takayama, M. Wake, T. Yoshimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Sasaki, K. Takaki
Iwate university, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
K. Takayama, T. Yoshimoto
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
F. Tamura
Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan

Funding: Japan Science and Technology Agency Grant-In Aid for Scientific Research(s) (KAKENHI No. 24310077)
A new induction synchrotron system using an induction cell has been developed and constructed at KEK*. In that system, the switching power supply is one of the key devices that realize digital acceleration. The requirements of the switching power supply are high voltage (2 kV) and high repetition frequency (1 MHz). In the present system, we used series connected MOSFETs as the switching device. However, series connection gives large complexity and less reliability. Among various switching devices, a SiC-JFET should be a promising candidate because it has ultrafast switching speed and high voltage blocking capability. We have developed a new and original SiC-JFET switching device and a compact switching power supply employing this switching element**. Now it is integrated into the induction acceleration system for the KEK-DA. Furthermore we have started development of the next generation of SiC package, which has higher voltage capability (2.4 kV) and 2 in 1 module construction. At the conference, the first experimental demonstration of heavy ion acceleration utilizing the SiC-JFET and the design status of the new device package will be presented.
* T. Iwashita et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 14, 071302 (2011).
** K. Okamura et al., “A Compact Switching Power Supply Utilizing SiC-JFET for The Digital Accelerator ”, in Proc. of IPAC’12, pp 3677-3679.

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MOPME078

Relief of an Electric Field via a Cone Structure

high-voltage, kicker, booster, vacuum

550

Y.T. Huang, C.K. Chan, C.S. Chen, J.-R. Chen, G.-Y. Hsiung, Y.-H. Liu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
J.-R. Chen
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A terminated power cable is typically applied not only for terminated ends but also to connect two or more cables. The electric field inside the insulation layer becomes disturbed when a coaxial cable structure is broken and the electric stress increases near the ground edge. A structure of cone type is a major method to alter the lines of equi- potential and to relieve the electric stress around the ground. The dimensions of the cone depend on the cable structure. In this paper we introduce a way to calculate the displacement of equi-potential lines when a cone is brought into a coaxial cable, RG220, and then determine a suitable angle and length of the cone, which are important factors to withstand tens of kV and even greater. The corresponding high-voltage tests are also presented here.

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MOPME079

The DC and AC Withstands Test for TPS Booster Injection Kicker

booster, kicker, injection, vacuum

554

Y.-H. Liu, C.K. Chan, C.-S. Chen, H.H. Chen, J.-R. Chen, Y.T. Huang, C.S. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

TPS requires highly precise and stable pulsed magnets for top-up mode operation. One injection and two extraction in vacuum kicker magnets in the booster ring are designed and noticed to minimize driving voltage. The HV insulation for magnet itself and vacuum feedthrough need to be tested. A DC withstand voltage tester MUSASHI 3802 (Model: IP-701G) is used to test the DC breakdown voltage, which the maximum driving voltage is 37 kV. And the AC withstand voltage tester was also test the AC breakdown voltage. Thicker than 10 mm ceramic plate could effectively avoid the breakdown occurred with 37 kV DC charging. Thus HV withstand voltage will be higher in vacuum chamber and the insulation with HV will not be the problem.

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MOPRI008

A Compact 2.45 GHz Microwave IOn Source Based High Fluence Irradiation Facility at IUAC, Delhi

ion, plasma, ion-source, coupling

592

N. Kumar, R. Ahuja, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, G.O. Rodrigues
IUAC, New Delhi, India

A compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source based low energy ion been facility has been developed for performing various experiments in material science and for studies related to plasma physics. The design of the compact microwave source is based on a tunable permanent magnet configuration and is powered by a 2 kW magnetron [1,2]. The double walled, water cooled stainless steel plasma chamber and ridge waveguide have been fabricated using the latest ‘LaserCUSING’ technique. The electron energy distribution functions have been measured in a similar low frequency ion source and validated by model calculations [1]. Extraction of the beam can also be performed at very low voltages in the order of hundreds of volts with high intensities by nullifying the space charge effects with the secondary electrons. The facility will be used for ion implantation, phase formation, surface etching and pattering experiments. The design aspects of the microwave ion source and low energy beam transport system will be presented.
* “Studies on the effect of the axial magnetic field on the x-ray bremsstrahlung in a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet microwave ion source” Narender Kumar et. al. accepted for publication in RSI.

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MOPRI010

Laser Ablation Ion Source for the KEK Digital Accelerator

ion, laser, space-charge, simulation

598

N. Munemoto
Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Y. Fuwa, S. Ikeda, M. Kumaki
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
Y. Fuwa
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
S. Ikeda, K. Takayama
TIT, Yokohama, Japan
M. Kumaki
RISE, Tokyo, Japan
M. Okamura
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
S. Takano, K. Takayama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Takayama
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK Digital Accelerator (DA) is a small scale induction synchrotron and operated at 10Hz and recently has succeeded to accelerate gaseous ions*. There is a strong demand of fully striped carbon ions because the DA is regarded as the second generation of cancer therapy driver, which does not require an injector and electron stripper. We need a novel carbon ion source providing C⁶⁺ beams, which are directly injected into the DA and accelerated up to required energy. For this purpose, a laser ablation ion source(LAIS) is promising**. To obtain high yield C⁶⁺ ions from ablation plasma, the laser irradiation condition has been evaluated and relationship between beam properties of charge spectrum, intensity, and temperature, and carbon target materials were examined. Two laser systems, long pulse (6 ns) and short pulse (170 ps), were employed to irradiate a graphite and amorphous carbon target. The current densities and profile of the generated plasmas in time were measured and charge state distributions were analyzed. In addition we will report a full design integrating this LAIS, the extraction system, the longitudinal chopper system, and the low energy beam transport line.
* T.Yoshimoto et al., presented in this conference
** N.Munemoto et al., Proceedings of ICIS2013, published in Rev. Sci. Inst.

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MOPRI012

High Current Low Emittance Proton And Deuteron Beam Production at SMIS 37

plasma, emittance, ion, proton

604

I. Izotov, S. Golubev, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Kalvas, H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

This work presents the latest results of high current proton and deuteron beam production at SMIS 37 facility at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP RAS). This facility creates and heats up the plasma by 37.5 GHz gyrotron radiation with power up to 100 kW in a simple mirror trap meeting the ECR condition. High microwave power and frequency allow sustaining plasma of significantly higher density (Ne up to 2·10¹³ cm^-3) in comparison to conventional ECRISes or other microwave ion sources. The low ion temperature, on the order of a few eV, is beneficial to produce ion beams with low emittance. Latest experiments at SMIS 37 were performed using a single-aperture two-electrode extraction system. Various diameters of plasma electrode apertures i.e. 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, were tested yielding proton and deuteron beams with currents up to 500 mA with RMS emittance lower than 0.2 π·mm·mrad at extraction voltages up to 45 kV. The maximum beam current density was measured to be 800 mA/cm². A possibility of further improvement through the development of an advanced extraction system is discussed.

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MOPRI014

Extracting a High Current Long Pulse Hminus Beam for FETS

ion, power-supply, ion-source, solenoid

611

D.C. Faircloth, M. Cannon, S.R. Lawrie, M. Perkins
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Gabor
STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) requires a 60 mA 2 ms 50 Hz Hminus beam. A Penning Surface Plasma Source is used to produce the beam. This paper gives the latest results obtained using a new 25 kV long pulse extraction power supply designed and built at RAL. Power supply performance, beam current and emittance are detailed.

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MOPRI015

Installing the VESPA H⁻ Ion Source Test Stand at RAL

ion, ion-source, vacuum, plasma

614

S.R. Lawrie, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, M. Perkins, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

A Penning-type negative hydrogen (H) ion source has been used reliably on the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK for almost 30 years. However a detailed study of the ion source plasma and extraction has never been undertaken. If these properties were known, the beam emittance and losses due to collimation could be reduced, and the lifetime increased. This paper summarises the progress made on installing a Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) to fill the knowledge gap.

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MOPRI049

An Ultracold Electron Facility in Manchester

electron, laser, emittance, space-charge

714

Ö. Mete, R. Appleby, W. Bertsche, M.A. Harvey, G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
S. Chattopadhyay
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A.J. Murray
The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom

An ultra-cold atom based electron source (UCAE) facility has been built in the Photon Science Institute (PSI), University of Manchester. In this paper, the key components and working principles of this source are introduced. Pre-commissioning status of this facility and the preliminary simulations results are presented.

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MOPRI078

High Power Cyclotrons for Neutrino Experiments

cyclotron, experiment, proton, vacuum

788

D. Winklehner, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
A. Adelmann
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L. Calabretta, D. Campo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA
J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

DAEδALUS* and IsoDAR** experiments needs large intense neutrino fluxes to investigate respectively the CP-Violation in the neutrino sector and the existence of sterile neutrino. DAEδALUS requires three neutrino sources driven by proton beams of ~800 MeV at powers of several megawatts placed at distances of 1.5, 8 and 20 km from the detector. Two cyclotrons working in cascade are chosen to deliver these high power beams. The first cyclotron accelerates the H²⁺ ions beam up to 60 MeV/amu. The beam is then extracted with an electrostatic deflector and reaccelerated up to 800 MeV/amu through a superconducting ring cyclotron. The acceleration of H²⁺ has two advantages: it reduces the space charge effect along the injection and acceleration inside the first cyclotron and allows the extraction of the beam from the last accelerator using a stripper foil. The injector cyclotron can be used in stand-alone mode to drive the IsoDAR experiment, which needs the accelerator placed near an underground neutrino detector. The design and the results of beam dynamic simulations will be shown. the results of preliminary injection and acceleration tests into a cyclotron test bench will be presented.
* J. Alonso et al., arXiv:1006.0260[physics.ins-det] (2010).
** A. Bungau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 141802 (2012).

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MOPRI080

Measurement of Beam Phase using Phase Probe at the NIRS-930 Cyclotron

acceleration, pick-up, cyclotron, septum

794

S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, M. Nakao, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
T. Honma, A.K. Komiyama, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

The NIRS-930 cyclotron of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) has been used for production of short-lived radio-pharmaceuticals for PET, research of physics, developments of particle detectors in space, and so on. The NIRS-930 has twelve trim coils for generation of the isochronous fields. Until recently, currents of the twelve trim coils had been adjusted only by monitoring the beam intensity. In order to exactly produce the isochronous fields, a phase probe has been installed in the NIRS-930. Recent results of beam tests using the phase probe will be presented in the present work.

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MOPRI081

Beam Simulation for Improved Operation of Cyclotron NIRS-930

simulation, cyclotron, injection, experiment

797

M. Nakao, S. Hojo, K. Katagiri, A. Noda, K. Noda, A. Sugiura
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
A. Goto
Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
T. Honma, A.K. Komiyama, T. Okada, Y. Takahashi
AEC, Chiba, Japan
V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Beam simulation using SNOP* code has been performed for the cyclotron NIRS-930 at NIRS in order to study beam dynamics in a cyclotron and to improve beam intensity. Each electric or magnetic field (main coil, trim coils, harmonic coils, magnetic channel, gradient corrector, grazer lens, dee electrode, inflector) were calculated by OPERA-3d, and simulated injection, acceleration, and extraction. The simulation of proton with 30 MeV extracting energy with harmonic 1 was already performed and well simulated RF phase and extraction efficiency**. Then we tried to apply SNOP to 18 MeV protons with harmonic 2. We first formed isochronous magnetic field with main and trim coils for simulating single particle. Next we optimized electric deflector and magnetic channel in order to maximize extracted particles simulating the bunch of particles. Beam loss of the simulation was compared to the experiment. And then we are optimizing position and rotation of inflector and position of puller to improve injection. We intend to apply optimized simulation parameter to actual cyclotron operation to improve beam intensity and quality.
* V.L. Smirnov, S.B. Vorozhtsov, Proc. of RUPAC2012 TUPPB008 325 (2012)
** V.L. Smirnov et al., Proc. of IPAC2012 292 (2012)

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MOPRI087

Challenges of the Technical Layout of the SIS 100 Extraction System

vacuum, quadrupole, septum, radiation

815

N. Pyka, L.H.J. Bozyk, U. Kopf, C. Mühle, D. Ondreka, P. Rottländer, P.J. Spiller, St. Wilfert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A.G. Kalimov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

The FAIR synchrotron SIS100 which is under construction will provide heavy ion and proton beams of high intensity with fast and slow extraction. All extraction devices, including an internal emergency beam dump system, are installed within one straight section. This way, expected systematic beam loss is kept in a relatively small area of the synchrotron. In this area, it is rather challenging to protect components against high radiation fields, to keep XHV conditions, and to allow for maintenance of highly activated components to assure reliable beam operation. In this contribution, the technical measures to fulfill the requirements for the extraction straight section of SIS100 will be presented. These include remote controlled devices to move apart magnet yokes for the purpose of placing beam pipe heater; dedicated star-shaped vacuum chambers with integrated collimators and NEG-panels to reduce pressure bumps due to lost particles behind the electrostatic septa; a high-power multi-stage vertical extraction septum including a variable horizontal deflection.

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MOPRI089

Upgrade of J-PARC Fast Extraction System

septum, operation, quadrupole, kicker

821

K. Fan, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, N. Matsumoto, T. Sugimoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Shibata
JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

The J-PARC main ring (MR) fast extraction (FX) system has two functions: to deliver a high power beam to the neutrino experimental facility and to dump the beam at any time in case of hardware failures. The present FX system consists of five bipolar kickers and eight bipolar septa. In order to raise the beam power to the design limit, both the beam intensity and the repetition rate will increase gradually. The FX system needs to be upgraded to satisfy the new requirements. The upgrade includes FX orbit optimization and new design of devices. Firstly, two high performance eddy current septa have been designed and fabricated. Then downstream high field septa are redesigned and using ceramic beam pipe to eliminate eddy current effects, which meets the requirement of high repetition rate operation. A new large physical aperture quadrupole is needed to accommodate high intensity beam. In order to evaluate the beam loss in the new system, realistic 3D beam tracking is studied.

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MOPRI091

Resonant Slow Extraction in Synchrotrons by Using Anti-symmetric Sextupole Fields

sextupole, resonance, simulation, synchrotron

827

Y. Zou, J.Y. Tang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

This paper proposes a novel method for non-resonant slow extraction by using special anti-symmetric sextupole field in synchrotrons. The method has the potential in applications asking for stable slow extraction and in the halo collimation of very large machine such as LHC. Our studies show that the slow extraction by using anti-symmetric sextupole field has some advantages compared to the normal sextupole field which is the normal extraction method. One of them is that it can work at almost arbitrary tune, so that it can avoid the problem of the intensity variation caused by the ripples of magnet supplies. Studies by Hamiltonian theory and simulations which meet well show that the stable region only depends on the anti-symmetric sextupole field strength and the particles outside will be driven out in two directions which are similar to the second-order resonant extraction but with spiral steps as in the third-order resonance extraction. The beam can be extracted with a very stable intensity by gradually increasing the field strength. The multi-particle simulations by a self-made program have been carried out with a proton lattice designed for proton therapy.

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MOPRI094

Proposal for a Slow Extraction System for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR

emittance, resonance, sextupole, quadrupole

833

A. Garonna, D. Abler, C. Carli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: This work was partly funded by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network Fellowship of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under contract number PITN-GA-2008-215840-PARTNER.
A proposal has been made to accelerate ion beams ranging from hydrogen to neon with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical experiments at CERN using the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and for SPS fixed target physics experiments. The feasibility of a new slow extraction system for LEIR based on the third integer resonance was studied with two possible resonance driving mechanisms: quadrupole-driven extraction and RF-knockout extraction. The extraction of fully stripped carbon ions (20-440 MeV/u kinetic energies) has been studied in detail. The requirement to keep the present performance of the machine for physics experiments imposes tight space constraints for the upgrade. The extraction scheme and the hardware requirements are described in this paper.

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MOPRI095

Study of Beam Transport Lines for a Biomedical Research Facility at CERN based on LEIR

target, quadrupole, ion, beam-transport

836

D. Abler
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
C. Carli, A. Garonna
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
K.J. Peach
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

Funding: This work was supported by EU FP7 PARTNER (215840) and ULICE (228436).
The Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) at CERN has been proposed to provide ion beams with magnetic rigidities up to 6.7 Tm for biomedical research, in parallel to its continued operation for LHC and SPS fixed target physics experiments. In the context of this project, two beamlines are proposed for transporting the extracted beam to future experimental end-stations: a vertical beamline for specific low-energy radiobiological research, and a horizontal beamline for radiobiology and medical physics experimentation. This study presents a first linear-optics design for the delivery of 1-5 mm FWHM pencil beams and 5 cm x 5 cm homogeneous broad beams to both endstations. High field uniformity is achieved by selection of the central part of a strongly defocused Gaussian beam, resulting in low beam utilisation.

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MOPRI096

The New Transfer Line Collimation System for the LHC High Luminosity Era

optics, injection, collimation, luminosity

839

V. Kain, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, A. Mereghetti, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A set of passive absorbers is located at the end of each of the 3 km long injection lines to protect the LHC in case of failures during the extraction process from the LHC’s last pre-injector or the beam transfer itself. In case of an erroneous extraction, the absorbers have to attenuate the beam to a safe level and be robust enough themselves to survive the impact. These requirements are difficult to fulfil with the very bright and intense beams produced by the LHC injectors for the high luminosity era. This paper revisits the requirements for the SPS-to-LHC transfer line collimation system and the adapted strategy to fulfill these for the LHC high luminosity operation. A possible solution for the new transfer line collimation system is presented.

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MOPRI097

Feasibility Studies for the Extraction of both LHC Beams from CERN SPS using a Common Kicker

kicker, septum, simulation, impedance

842

F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron has to fulfil the demanding intensity specifications for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, with a doubling of the presently achieved operational beam intensity. One of the main problems to be addressed is given by impedance-driven beam instabilities. About 40 % of the total measured SPS impedance is due to the kickers, of which the extraction kickers in two of the SPS straight sections are the largest systems. A potential upgrade is explored which would strongly reduce the number of extraction kickers required in the SPS, by performing non-local extraction. In this scenario LHC Beam 1 would be kicked by the extraction kicker in SPS Long Straight Section 4 (LSS4), normally only used for Beam 2, to be extracted in LSS6. The concept and the expected performance of such a scheme are presented along with detailed simulation results.

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MOPRI100

Investigations of SPS Orbit Drifts

septum, flattop, injection, betatron

852

L.N. Drøsdal, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The LHC is filled from the last pre-injector, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), via two 3 km long transfer lines, TI 2 and TI 8. Over the LHC injection processes, a drift of the beam trajectories has been observed in TI 2 and TI 8, requiring regular correction of the trajectories, in order to ensure clean injection into the LHC. Investigations of the trajectory variations in the transfer lines showed that the main source of short term trajectory drifts are current variations of the SPS extraction septa (MSE). The stability of the power converters has been improved, but the variations are still present and further improvements are being investigated. The stability over a longer period of time cannot be explained by this source alone. The analysis of trajectory variations shows that there are also slow variations in the SPS closed orbit at extraction. A set of SPS orbit measurements has been saved and analysed. These observations will be used together with simulations and observed field errors to locate the second source of variations.

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MOPRI104

Measurement of Beam Ioniziation Loss in SIS18

ion, simulation, vacuum, injection

864

L.H.J. Bozyk, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

In the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI an ion catcher system has been installed to provide low desorption surfaces for ionization beam loss to reduce dynamic vacuum effects. Medium charge state heavy ions can change their charge state in collission with residual gas molecules. Those ions are cought by the ion catcher system. The ion catcher blocks are mounted electrically insulated, such that it is possible, to directly measure the electrical current, induced by the incident ions. Changes in vacuum density during the acceleration cycle and also the energy dependent decrease of the cross sections for electron loss and electron capture can be measured by this system. Different ion catcher currents, measured during the operation with U²⁸⁺, and their interpretation are presented. The measurement of ionization beam loss is a valuable tool to benchmark the dynamic vacuum simulations.

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MOPRI111

Improvements of the Crystal Routine for Collimation Studies

proton, collimation, simulation, scattering

886

D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli, W. Scandale
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.M. Taratin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
I.A. Yazynin
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia

A routine has been implemented to simulate interactions of protons with bent crystals in the collimation version of \texttt{SixTrack}. This routine is optimized in view of producing high-statistics tracking simulations of collimation cleaning assisted by bent crystals. Fine tuning and comparisons with experimental data of coherent effects which a particle can experience in a bent crystal have been carried out. The data taken with 400 GeV beams at the CERN-SPS North Area in the framework of the UA9 experiment are used to benchmark the routine. Further checks on low probability interactions have been made, leading to significant improvements in the description of interactions with crystals. Comparisons with other simulations tools are used to increase our confidence in the scaling to higher energies.

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TUOAA02

Design of the LBNE Beamline

target, proton, operation, shielding

907

V. Papadimitriou, R. Andrews, J. Hylen, T.R. Kobilarcik, A. Marchionni, C.D. Moore, P. Schlabach, S. Tariq
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: DOE, contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab’s Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are subsequently focused by a set of magnetic horns into a 204 m long decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable for 2.3 MW operation. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.

Slides TUOAA02 [5.781 MB]

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TUOAA03

Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA: From the Conception to the Implementation Phase

experiment, antiproton, electron, emittance

910

C. Carli, W. Bartmann, P. Belochitskii, H. Breuker, F. Butin, T. Eriksson, S. Maury, S. Pasinelli, G. Tranquille
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
W. Oelert
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institut für Physik, Mainz, Germany

The Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a CERN project aiming at constructing a small 30 m circumference synchrotron to further decelerate antiprotons from the Antiproton Decelerator AD from 5.3 MeV to 100 keV. Controlled deceleration in a synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler to reduce emittances in all three planes will allow the existing AD experiments to increase substantially their antiproton capture efficiencies and render new experiments possible. The ELENA design is now well advanced and the project is moving to the implementation phase. Component design and construction are taking place at present for installation foreseen during the second half of 2015 and beginning of 2016 followed by ring commissioning until the end of 2016. New electrostatic transfer lines to the experiments will be installed and commissioned during the first half of 2017 followed by the first physics operation with ELENA. Basic limitations like Intra Beam Scattering limiting the emittances obtained under electron cooling and direct space charge effects will be reviewed and the status of the project will be reported.

Slides TUOAA03 [4.963 MB]

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TUPRO016

Machine Protection Challenges for HL-LHC

cavity, beam-losses, operation, luminosity

1039

R. Schmidt, T. Bär, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

LHC operation requires the flawless functioning of the machine protection systems. The energy stored in the beam was progressively increased beyond the 140 MJ range at the end of 2012 at 4 TeV/c. The further increase to 364 MJ expected for 2015 at 6.5 TeV/c should be possible with the existing protection systems. For HL-LHC, additional failure modes are considered. The stored beam energy will increase by another factor of two with respect to nominal and a factor of five more than experienced so far. The maximum beta function will increase. It is planned to install crab cavities in the LHC. With crab cavities, sudden voltage decays within 100 us after e.g. cavity quenches lead to large beam oscillations. Tracking simulations predict trajectory distortions of up to 1.5 σ in the first turn after a sudden drop of the deflecting voltage in a single cavity within 3 turns. The energy of several MJ stored in halo protons that could hit the collimator in case of such events is far above damage level, even if the collimator jaws are made of robust material. In this paper we discuss the challenges for machine protection in the HL-LHC era and possible mitigation strategies.

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TUPRO043

Status and Computer Simulations for the Front End of the Proton Injector for Fair

proton, ion, simulation, linac

1120

C. Ullmann, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger, V. Ivanova, O.K. Kester, W. Vinzenz
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

FAIR - the international facility for antiproton and ion research – located at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany is one of the largest research projects worldwide. It will provide an antiproton production rate of 7·10¹⁰ cooled pbars per hour, which is equivalent to a primary proton beam current of 2·1016 protons per hour. A high intensity proton linac (p-linac) will be built, with an operating rf-frequency of 325 MHz to accelerate a 70 mA proton beam up to 70 MeV, using conducting crossed-bar H-cavities. The repetition rate is 4 Hz with an ion beam pulse length of 36 μs[1]. Developed within a joint French-German collaboration - GSI/CEA-SACLAY/IAP – the compact proton linac will be injected by a microwave ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The 2.45 GHz ion source allows high brightness ion beams at an energy of 95 keV and will deliver a proton beam current of 100 mA at the entrance of the RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) within an emittance of 0.3π mm mrad (rms). To check on these parameters computer simulations with TraceWin, IGUN and IBSIMU of the ion extraction and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) are performed.

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TUPRO049

Layout and Optics of the Dump Line at the European XFEL

kicker, quadrupole, septum, optics

1138

N. Golubeva, V. Balandin, W. Decking
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The purpose of the optical system, which we call the dump line, is not simply the transport of the beam to the beam dump. It is an essential part of the beam switchyard which provides the possibility to distribute electron bunches of one beam pulse to different FEL beam lines, allowing a flexible selection of the bunch pattern at each FEL experiment. In this paper we describe the final layout of this optical system as it is now under construction.

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TUPRO077

AGS Snake Stories

solenoid, injection, kicker, resonance

1220

F. Méot, Y. Dutheil, R.C. Gupta, H. Huang, N. Tsoupas
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
J. Takano
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This contribution re-visits fields, particle motion, and spin precession in the AGS helical polarization snakes. The work was undertaken in preparation of orbit and spin modeling for future polarized proton and helion runs at RHIC. The investigations include re-computation of 3-D OPERA field maps of the helical snakes and particle and spin tracking. There is a series of sub-products of this study, amongst others, the appropriate settings of the AGS cold snake when changing its strength, cold snake settings for polarized helion programs, non-linear coupling in the AGS, the transport of the stable polarization axis from the AGS to RHIC injection kickers, and in addition, a series of high accuracy 3-D field maps have been produced, in view of long-term tracking in the AGS for beam and polarization transmission studies.

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TUPRO096

Field Measurement of the Quadrupole Magnet for CSNS/RCS

quadrupole, multipole, injection, dipole

1265

L. Li, C.D. Deng, W. Kang, S. Li, D. Tang, H.J. Wang, B. Yin, Z. Zhang, J.X. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The quadrupole magnets are being manufactured and measured for China Spoliation Neutron Source Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (CSNS/RCS) since 2012. In order to evaluate the magnet qualities, a dedicated magnetic measurement system has been developed. The main quadrupole magnets have been excited with DC current biased 25Hz repetition rate. The measurement of magnetic field was mainly based on integral field and harmonics measurements at both static and dynamic conditions. This paper describes the magnet design, the field measurement system and presents the results of the quadrupole magnet.

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TUPRO099

Development of a Method for Measuring the Radial Component of the Magnetic Field in AVF Cyclotrons

cyclotron, experiment, simulation, proton

1274

N.A. Morozov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

In AVF cyclotrons the median plane of the magnetic field rather often does not coincide with the mid-plane of their magnetic system. To measure the radial component of the magnetic field, equipment based on search coils is developed and used to correct the median plane of the magnetic field. The equipment for Br mapping is described. The Br mapping and shimming results are presented for two proton therapy IBA C230 cyclotrons.

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TUPRO102

Quadrupole Lens and Extraction Magnets of a Miniature Race-Track Microtron

quadrupole, dipole, microtron, focusing

1283

I.Yu. Vladimirov, N.I. Pakhomov, V.I. Shvedunov
MSU, Moscow, Russia
Yu.A. Kubyshin
UPC, Barcelona, Spain
J.P. Rigla
I3M, Valencia, Spain
V.V. Zakharov
Tehnomag ltd., Kaluga, Russia

A compact 12 MeV race-track microtron which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia includes a quadrupole magnet for horizontal beam focusing and four dipoles for beam extraction. As the source of the magnetic field in these magnets a Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet (REPM) material is used. In the article the main design characteristics of the quadrupole lens and extraction dipoles are described and a procedure of tuning of their magnetic fields is discussed. We report on the manufacturing of these magnetic systems and results of the tuning of their magnetic fields.

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TUPME009

A Sub-micron Resolution, Wide-band, Stripline BPM System for Driving Bunch-by-bunch Feed-back and Feed-forward Systems at ATF

feedback, kicker, cavity, operation

1358

G.B. Christian, D.R. Bett, N. Blaskovic Kraljevic, P. Burrows, M.R. Davis, Y.I. Kim, C. Perry
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom

A low-latency, sub-micron resolution stripline beam position monitoring (BPM) system has been developed and tested with beam at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2), where it has been used as part of a beam stabilisation system. The fast analogue front-end signal processor is based on a single-stage RF down-mixer and a position resolution below 400 nm has been demonstrated for beam intensities of ~1 nC, with single-pass beam. The BPM position data are digitised by fast ADCs on an FPGA-based digital feedback controller, which is used to drive either a pair of kickers local to the BPMs and nominally orthogonal in phase, in closed-loop feedback mode, or a downstream kicker in the ATF2 final focus region, in feedforward mode. The beam jitter is measured downstream of the final focus system with high resolution, low-Q, cavity BPMs, and the relative performance of both systems in stabilising the beam is compared.

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TUPRI031

A Precise Beam Dynamics Model of the PSI Injector 2 to Estimate the Intensity Limit

space-charge, cyclotron, simulation, acceleration

1630

A.M. Kolano, R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

We describe a precise beam dynamics model of the production set up of the Injector 2 Cyclotron at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Injector 2 is a 72 MeV separate-sector cyclotron producing a high intensity proton beam up to 2.7 mA CW, which is then injected into the 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron. The model includes space charge and is calculated for optimised matched initial conditions. It has been verified with measurements. Based on this model we estimate the limits to the intensity obtainable from Injector 2. The precise beam dynamics model is based on the OPAL (Object Oriented Parallel Accelerator Library) simulation code, a tool for charged-particle optics calculations in large accelerator structures and beam lines including 3D space charge.

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TUPRI058

Impedance Studies of the Dummy Septum for CERN PS Multi-turn Extraction

impedance, septum, simulation, synchrotron

1704

S. Persichelli, O.E. Berrig, M. Giovannozzi, J. Herbst, J. Kuczerowski, M. Migliorati, B. Salvant
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A protection septum has been installed in the CERN PS section 15 in order to mitigate irradiation of the magnetic septum 16 for fast extractions towards the SPS. Impedance studies have been performed, showing that beams circulating in the septum during extraction generate sharp resonances in the coupling impedance. Impedance measurements with the wire technique have been performed, showing a good agreement with simulations. Instability rise times of trapped modes have been evaluated and compared to extraction duration. Solutions for reducing the impact on the stability of the beam have been considered.

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WEPRO014

The Installations of the In-vacuum Kicker System of the Booster Injection Section in TPS

kicker, booster, vacuum, injection

1971

C.S. Chen, C.K. Chan, K.H. Hsu, Y.T. Huang, Y.-H. Liu, C.S. Yang
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The installations of the In-Vacuum kicker system of the booster injection in TPS are presented in this article. Due to the more than 20 kV operation voltages and precise positioning requirements, the insulations and positioning systems are designed with more attentions. Although increasing the gap between high potential parts and ground could provide enough withstanding voltage, on the other hand, the insufficient space and vacuum requirements limit the sizes of insulators. Therefore, lots of effort have been done to deal with these conflicts. All assembling processes will be described in this paper as well.

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WEPRO016

Injection/Extraction Kicker for the ALS-U Project

kicker, impedance, injection, coupling

1977

S. De Santis, W. Barry, S. Kwiatkowski, T.H. Luo, G.C. Pappas, L.R. Reginato, D. Robin, C. Steier, C. Sun, H. Tarawneh, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DEAC02-05CH11231
The ALS-II proposal consists in the upgrade of the existing Advanced Light Source at LBNL to a new ultra-low emittance lattice for production of diffraction-limited soft x-rays. In order to compensate for the reduced beam lifetime we intend to operate the machine in continuous top-off mode, where one of several bunch trains is extracted every 30-60 seconds and swapped with a fresh train from the accumulator ring, which is injected on axis without perturbing the circulating beam. In this paper we present a possible design for the injection/extraction kicker based on matched stripline electrodes. The main parameters of such a kicker are discussed in reference to the minimum gap between trains, the storage ring lattice, and the characteristics of a suitable pulser. We also present results from 3D electromagnetic modeling of the proposed kicker performed to evaluate its rise and fall time and field uniformity characteristics.

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WEPRO020

Energy Interlock in the NSLS II Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line

storage-ring, booster, dipole, interlocks

1986

S. Seletskiy, R.P. Fliller, S.L. Kramer, T.V. Shaftan
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Under normal operational conditions in NSLS-II the energy of the beam extracted from the Booster and transferred to and injected into the Storage Ring (SR) is 3 GeV. It was determined that for the commissioning purposes energy range of the beam reaching the SR is allowed to be 2 GeV - 3.15 GeV. While the upper limit of the beam energy is defined by the maximum possible settings of Booster dipoles at the top of the ramp, the lower energy limit has to be provided by magnet interlocks. The constraints of time and resources do not allow providing dynamic interlocks of the Booster dipoles for commissioning stage of NSLS-II. In this paper we find a feasible solution for the static interlock of magnets in the Booster to SR transfer line (BSR) which creates a required “energy filter”.

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WEPRO062

Reacceleration of Ion Beams for Particle Therapy

synchrotron, ion, operation, acceleration

2091

C. Schömers, R. Cee, E. Feldmeier, M. Galonska, Th. Haberer, A. Peters, S. Scheloske
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) cancer patients are treated using the raster-scanning method. A synchrotron provides pencil beams in therapy quality for 255 energy steps per ion type allowing to vary the penetration depth and thus to irradiate tumors slice-by-slice. So far, changing the beam energy necessitates a new synchrotron cycle, including all phases without beam extraction. As the no. of ions that can be accelerated in the synchrotron usually exceeds the required no. of ions for one energy slice, treatment time could be significantly reduced by reaccelerating or decelerating the remaining ions to the next energy level. By alternating acceleration and extraction phases several slices could be irradiated with only short interruptions. Therefore the reacceleration of a transversally blown up beam – due to RF-knockout extraction – must be investigated, beam losses have to be minimized. To estimate the benefit of this operation mode, treatment time has been simulated and compared to the time achieved in the past. A reduction of up to 65% is possible and more patients can be treated! Simulations and first tests of a reaccelerated and extracted beam are presented.

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WEPRO068

SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction

operation, quadrupole, simulation, closed-orbit

2106

E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
H. Bartosik, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.

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WEPRO069

Development of Cogging at the Fermilab Booster

booster, kicker, dipole, injection

2109

K. Seiya, S. Chaurize, C.C. Drennan, W. Pellico, A.K. Triplett, A.M. Waller
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
The development of magnetic cogging is part of the Fermilab Booster upgrade within the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). The Booster is going to send 2.25·10¹⁷ protons/hour which is almost double the present flux, 1.4·10¹⁷ protons/hour to the Main Injector (MI) and Recycler (RR). The extraction kicker gap has to synchronize to the MI and RR injection bucket in order to avoid a beam loss at the rising edge of the extraction and injection kickers. Magnetic cogging is able to control the revolution frequency and the position of the gap using the magnetic field from dipole correctors while radial position feedback keeps the beam at the central orbit. The new cogging is expected to reduce beam loss due to the orbit changes and reduce beam energy loss when the gap is created. The progress of the magnetic cogging system development is going to be discussed in this paper.

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WEPRO080

HIGH POWER MOLTEN TARGETS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION: FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

target, ion, proton, neutron

2143

T. De Melo Mendonca
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Megawatt-class molten targets, combining high material densities and good heat transfer properties are being considered for neutron spallation sources, neutrino physics facilities and radioactive ion beam production. In order to cope with the limitation of long diffusion times affecting the extraction of short-lived isotopes, a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target loop equipped with a diffusion chamber has been proposed and tested offline at IPUL, Latvia, by E. Noah and co-workers. To validate the concept, a molten LBE loop is now in the design phase and will be prototyped and tested on-line at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. Primary focus is given to the dimensioning of the diffusion chamber. The molten LBE concept inspired a new alternative route to produce 10¹³ 18Ne/s for the Beta Beams project, where a molten salt loop would be irradiated with 7 mA, 160-MeV proton beam. The concept has been validated by testing a molten fluoride salt static unit at CERN-ISOLDE using a 1.4-GeV proton beam. The investigation of the release and production of neon isotopes allowed the first measurement of the diffusion coefficient of this element in molten fluoride salts.

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WEPRO081

Status of MedAustron – The Austrian Ion Therapy and Research Centre

synchrotron, injection, proton, ion

2146

F. Osmić, A. Koschik, P. Urschütz
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria
M. Benedikt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

MedAustron is the Austrian centre for hadron therapy and non-clinical research. The accelerator design is based on the PIMMS study * and features proton beams of up to 800 MeV and carbon ion beams of up to 400 MeV/n. The accelerator is currently being installed and the beam commissioning has started early 2013. The injector comprising three ECR sources, an RFQ and an IH-mode structure has already been qualified; the synchrotron commissioning shall start in March 2014. Certification of the therapy accelerator following the European Medical Device Directive (MDD) is well under way with strong partners from industry involved in the process. The status of the overall facility including an overview of the recent commissioning results will be presented in this paper.
* P. J. Bryant et al., “Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), 2,” Aug 2000.

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WEPRO082

A Multi-leaf Faraday Cup Especially for the Therapy of Ocular Tumors with Protons

proton, radiation, cyclotron, ion

2149

C.S.G. Kunert, J. Bundesmann, T. Damerow, A. Denker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
A. Weber
Charite, Berlin, Germany

Funding: Work supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Land Berlin
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and the University Hospital Charité in Berlin provide a treatment of ocular tumors with a proton beam. The 68 MeV proton beam is delivered by the isochronous HZB-cyclotron as main accelerator. Very important in tumor irradiation treatments is the positioning of the radiation field. For the treatment of eye tumors it is even more important, due to the small and sensitive structures in the eye. Therefore, because of the well-defined Bragg peak, a proton beam is a good choice to achieve very constrained fields of dose delivery. Especially the knowledge of the proton beam energy and the proton beam range with a high accuracy is crucial, due to the small critical structures in the eye. A possible solution for a quick and precise measurement of the range of such proton beams is a Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup (MLFC). This work has the task to develop such a MLFC adapted to the special requirements of the eye tumor therapy. An overview of the progress of this work regarding the MLFC principles and issues such as the first technical realization and results will be given.

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WEPRO091

Development of Acceleration Technique for Hadron Therapy in JINR

ion, cyclotron, proton, synchrotron

2171

E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Development of accelerators for hadron therapy is one of JINR activities in the field of acceleration technique. The JINR-IBA collaboration has developed and constructed the C235-V3 cyclotron for Dimitrovgrad hospital center of the proton therapy. Proton transmission in C235-V3 from radius 0.3m to 1.03 m is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms, the extraction efficiency is 62%. The cyclotron was delivered in this center in 2012. The project of the medical carbon synchrotron together with superconducting gantry was developed in JINR. Carbon ion beams are effectively used for cancer treatment. The PET is the most effective way of tumor diagnostics. The radioactive carbon ion beam could allow both these advantages to be combined. JINR-NIRS collaboration develops formation of a primary radioactive ion beam for the scanning radiation and on line PET diagnostic. A superconducting cyclotron C400 was designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. This cyclotron will be used for therapy with proton, helium and carbon ions.

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WEPRO095

Development of Beam Line for Medical Application at ITEP-TWAC Complex

proton, ion, target, synchrotron

2183

M.M. Kats
ITEP, Moscow, Russia

Possibilities of beam lines improvement for medical application at ITEP Accelerator Complex were observed. Existing beam lines were constructed for transport fast extracted proton beam with energy <230MeV from synchrotron U10 to three treatment rooms with fixed horizontal direction of targets irradiation. Scattering and collimation were used to distribute irradiation dose to the target volume. New beam lines are developed for transport of slow extracted proton (E<230MeV) or carbon (E<400MeV/n) beams from synchrotron UK to the same three treatment rooms and to experimental building. They will be equipped with scanning magnets. The fixed horizontal directions will be used in two rooms for treatment of special localizations in eye or head. To treat any targets from different directions compact “planar system” is developed covering irradiation directions of ±45 degrees to horizontal plane. Planar system can be used in two rooms. Main features of proposed beam lines are compared with existing and planned centers of therapy by proton and ion beams.

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WEPRO100

NORMA - The Normal-Conducting, Scaling Racetrack FFAG

lattice, injection, proton, dynamic-aperture

2198

R. Appleby, J.M. Garland, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
K.M. Hock
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Research supported by STFC grant number ST/K002503/1 "Racetrack FFAGs for medical, PRISM and energy applications".
We present a design for a 30~-~350~MeV scaling racetrack FFAG accelerator for medical application - NORMA (NOrmal-conducting Racetrack Medical Accelerator) - which utilises normal-conducting magnets. NORMA consists of 12 FDF triplet cells with a maximum drift length of ∼ 2~m; an additional drift space inserted into two places forms a racetrack lattice with enough space for injection/extraction. Optimisation routines in PyZgoubi are used to find optimum cell parameters and working point.

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WEPRO106

Complex “ALFA” After 10 Years of Operation on Track Membranes Production

ion, cyclotron, injection, ion-source

2212

G.A. Karamysheva, Yu.N. Denisov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

The film irradiation complex “ALFA” dedicated to expose the polymer films used in the track membranes production was designed and manufactured by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research for “TRACKPORE TECHNOLOGY" holding company and put into operation in 2002 year in Dubna, Russia. The complex consists of the isochronous cyclotron CYTRACK with external injection of ions, the extraction system, the beam transport of accelerated ions and the film irradiation chamber. Cyclotron CYTRACK accelerates argon ions upto the energy - 2,4 МeV/nucleon, intensity of extracted beam is about 500nA, extraction efficiency totaled 50%. The complex “ALFA” products polyethylene terephthalate track membranes with less than 25 μm thickness and less than 40cm width. After ten years of the successful operation complex “ALFA” was upgraded. Vacuum, control and power supply systems were replaced. As a result the stability and efficiency of the operation of the equipment were increased.

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WEPRI090

Cyclotron C235-V3 for Dimitrovgrad Hospital Center of the Proton Therapy

cyclotron, proton, acceleration, focusing

2703

S.A. Kostromin, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, M.Y. Kazarinov, S.A. Korovkin, S.P. Mokrenko, N.A. Morozov, A.G. Olshevsky, V.M. Romanov, E. Samsonov, N.G. Shakun, G. Shirkov, S.G. Shirkov, E. Syresin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
P. Cahay, Y. Jongen, Y. Paradis
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

JINR-IBA C235-V3 isochronous cyclotron for 1st Russian hospital center of the proton therapy has been assembled and tested. Shimming of the magnetic field, optimization of the acceleration modes and testing with the extracted proton beam were done in frame of this work. The paper presents experimental results of the beam dynamics in the accelerator. Proton transmission from radius 30cm to 103cm is 72% without beam cutting diaphragms. The extraction efficiency is 62%. This cyclotron is a substantially modified version C235-V3 of the IBA C235 serial cyclotron. C235-V3 has the improved extraction system which was constructed and tested. This system allows raise the extraction efficiency up to 77% from 50% in comparison with serial C235. Special mapping system (for Br-component) of the magnetic field was developed and constructed by JINR for the shimming of the Br-field in the middle plane of the cyclotron. Total efficiency of the machine is 45%. Further improvement of the parameters expected after final tuning of the cyclotron in Dimitrovgrad.

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WEPRI098

QUENCH PROTECTION STUDIES OF 11T Nb3Sn DIPOLE MODELS FOR LHC UPGRADES

dipole, injection, simulation, collimation

2725

A.V. Zlobin, G. Chlachidze, A. Nobrega, I. Novitski
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M. Karppinen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Funding: Work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy
CERN and FNAL are developing 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets for the LHC collimation system upgrade. Due to the large stored energy, protection of these magnets during a quench is a challenging problem. This paper reports the results of experimental studies of key quench protection parameters including longitudinal and radial quench propagation in the coil, coil heating due to a quench, and energy extraction and quench-back effect. The studies were performed using a 1 m long 11 T Nb3Sn dipole coil tested in a magnetic mirror configuration.

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THPRO056

Estimation of Systematic Errors for Deuteron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) Search at a Storage Ring

simulation, polarization, dipole, experiment

2998

S. Chekmenev
RWTH, Aachen, Germany

An experimental method which is aimed to find a permanent EDM of a charged particle was proposed by JEDI (Jülich Electric Dipole moment Investigations) collaboration in 2012*. EDMs can be observed by their small influence on spin motion. The only possible way to perform a direct measurement is to use a storage ring. For this purpose it was decided to carry out the first precursor experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY). Since the EDM of a particle violates CP invariance and is expected to be tiny, treatment of all various sources of systematic errors should be done with a great level of precision. One should clearly understand how misalignments of the magnets affects the beam and the spin motion. In reality, one of the methods to investigate spin behavior in the presence of misalignments in a storage ring is to mimic their influence on the beam parameters using small orbit kicks with different amplitudes. In this talk the first simulations of orbit excitations will be discussed. The corresponding spin tune shifts will be considered. The influence of the distorted orbit on the polarization build-up caused by the EDM will be examined.
* A. Lehrach, F. Rathmann, J. Pretz et al., "Search for Permanent Electric Dipole Moments at COSY. Step 1: Spin coherence and systematic error studies", 2012

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THPRO059

Simulation Study on Beam Loss in the Alpha Bucket Regime during SIS-100 Proton Operation

closed-orbit, proton, simulation, synchrotron

3008

S. Sorge
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Besides heavy ion operation, the heavy ion synchrotron SIS-100 will accelerate a single proton bunch of N=2*10¹³ particles up to the energy E=29 GeV. For the present standard scenario, optics settings have been developed which provide a transition energy according to gamma_tr=45.5 in order to avoid transition crossing during acceleration. At extraction energy the corresponding nonlinear momentum compaction and phase slip factors cause the formation of a so called alpha bucket. In this contribution we present the results of transverse beam loss tracking studies in the alpha bucket regime. The effects of momentum spread, magnet errors and residual closed orbit distortion are analyzed.

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THPRO067

Modeling Slow Extraction Process For J-PARC Main Ring

controls, operation, quadrupole, experiment

3032

A.Y. Molodozhentsev
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

J-PARC Main Ring has to deliver the proton beam to ‘hadron’ experiments by using ‘slow extraction’ technique, base on the 3rd order horizontal resonance. The spill quality during the full extraction period is one of the most important requirements as well as the beam quality. The computer modeling of the slow extraction process for J-PARC Main Ring is based on a realistic machine model, which includes measured imperfections of the machine in addition to dynamic variation of the machine elements to perform the slow extraction. In frame of this report we represent the results of the modeling the slow extraction process from J-PARC Main Ring by using the PTC-ORBIT combined code. The resonance extraction has been controlled by changing the betatron tune. Control the horizontal emittance of the extracted beam has been performed by using ‘dynamic’ bumps. Control the spill quality of the extracted beam has been performed by using dedicated quadrupole magnets and the transverse RF signal (RF knockout). In addition, the spill quality can be improved by suppressing effect of the power supply ripple. On the request, the collective effects can be introduced into the model.

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THPRO079

Quantitative Analysis of Trapping Probability for Quasi-integrable Two-degree of Freedom Maps

resonance, simulation, coupling, synchrotron

3065

M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, J. Williams
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Bazzani
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
C. Hernalsteens
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

A key ingredient for the Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron is the beam trapping in stable islands of transverse phase space. In a previous paper a method allowing analytical estimation of the fraction of beam trapped into resonance islands as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters has been presented. Such a method applies to one-degree of freedom models of betatronic motion. In this paper, the analysis is extended to the more realistic and challenging case of two-degree of freedom systems, in which the interplay between the horizontal and vertical motion is fully included. Numerical simulations are presented and the results are discussed in detail.

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THPRO090

Energy Calibration and Tune Jumps Efficiency in the pp AGS

polarization, timing, resonance, acceleration

3095

Y. Dutheil, L. Ahrens, H. Huang, F. Méot, A. Poblaguev, V. Schoefer, K. Yip
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The AGS tune jump system consists of two fast quadrupoles used to accelerate the crossing of 82 horizontal intrinsic spin resonances. The fast tune jump of ΔQh=+0.04 within 100 μs imposes perfect localization of each of the 82 resonant conditions. Imperfect timing of the tune jumps results in lower efficiency of the system and lower transmission of the polarization through the AGS acceleration cycle. Investigations during the end of the pp AGS Run13 revealed weaknesses in the energy measurement at high energy, causing less than optimal timing of the tune jumps. A new method based on continuous polarization measurement to determine the energy during the acceleration cycle has been developed. Strong operational constraints were taken into account to provide a convenient system of energy measurement. This is also used to calibrate the usual determination of the energy based on revolution frequency of the beam or measured dipole magnetic field. This paper shows the tools developed and the results of the first tests during the AGS Run 14. Simulations of the expected tune jumps efficiency using the AGS Zgoubi model are also presented and compared to experimental results.

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THPME003

A Precise Determination of the Core-halo Limit

emittance, linac, space-charge, instrumentation

3208

P.A.P. Nghiem, N. Chauvin, D. Uriot, M. Valette
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
W. Simeoni
IF-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

For high-intensity beams, the dynamics of the dense core is different from that of the much less dense halo. Relations between core emittance growth and halo generation are often studied, halo scraping often experienced and halo re-formation observed. For all that, a clear distinction between the core and the halo parts does not exist. This paper proposes a new method for precisely determining the core-halo limit applicable to any particle distribution type. Once this limit is known, the importance of the halo relative to the core can be precisely quantified. The core-halo limit determination may be easily extended to the nD phase space, allowing the definition of emittance and Twiss parameters for the core and the halo separately.

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THPME058

Risk Analysis and Machine Protection of SIS100

ion, synchrotron, proton, septum

3364

C. Omet, M.S. Mandakovic, D. Ondreka, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To ensure safe functionality and reduce unneccessary shutdowns, a risk analysis of the main driver accelerator for the FAIR project SIS100, has been done. The analysis includes all major technical systems and was done accordingly to EN 61508. Results of the analysis and appropriate countermeasures for detection and/or mitigation of the failures are presented. Furthermore, an estimation of the accelerator‘s availability is given.

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THPME060

Malfunction, Cause and Recurrence Prevention Measures of J-PARC Slow Extraction

target, power-supply, quadrupole, controls

3370

M. Tomizawa, T. Kimura, H. Nakagawa, K. Okamura
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The radiation leakage accident occurred at the J-PARC hadron experimental hall in May 2013 was triggered by a target damage due to an unanticipated short beam pulse from J-PARC main ring. An extremely short beam pulse was produced by a rapid current increase of the quadrupole (EQ) power supply system for a spill feedback. A simulation with the slow extraction process could explain such a short beam pulse generation. The cause of the malfunction has been identified by an intensive investigation of the EQ power supply system performed after the accident. We will show measures to prevent recurrence.

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THPME062

Status of the J-PARC Ring RF Systems

cavity, operation, proton, impedance

3376

M. Yoshii, M. Nomura, T. Shimada, F. Tamura, M. Yamamoto
KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
E. Ezura, K. Hara, K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, K. Takata, M. Toda
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Schnase
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The high intensity proton accelerator complex (J-PARC) consists of the Linac, the 25Hz rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and the 50GeV main synchrotron (MR). During the long shutdown of 2013, the Linac energy was upgraded from 181MeV to the design value of 400MeV. In the RCS, we have installed the last 12th RF system. In operation from January 2014, beam commissioning aimed at 1 MW operation will be started. In the MR, the upgrade plan of the beam power, realizing by raising the repetition, has been started. For this reason the accelerating voltage must be increased, and all MR RF systems will be replaced with more efficient systems. A new magnetic alloy material (FT3L) has been developed. Manufacturing of the FT3L accelerating cavities has proceeded. It becomes possible to increase the accelerating voltage from 280 kV to 540 kV, using the new cavities in combination with the existing RF power supplies. We have started the developments of a 2nd harmonic system loaded with air-cooled FT3L cores and a high-Q VHF cavity system, too. Both systems are used for longitudinal dilution increase the bunching factor of the circulating high intensity proton beam.

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THPME065

Beam Test of the CERN PSB Wide-band RF System Prototype in the J-PARC MR

feedback, cavity, impedance, beam-loading

3385

F. Tamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
K. Hasegawa, C. Ohmori, M. Yoshii
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
M.M. Paoluzzi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project (LIU), a complete replacement of the existing narrow-band rf systems of CERN PSB with wide-band magnetic alloy (MA) loaded rf systems is in progress. A single gap MA loaded rf system prototype, which uses solid-state power amplifier and includes fast rf feedback for beam loading compensation, has been installed in the J-PARC MR to investigate the system behavior with high intensity proton beams. We report the wake voltage measurement results with and without fast rf feedback. In addition to the fast feedback, the rf feedforward method is under consideration to compensate the heavy beam loading more effectively. Preliminary beam test results with feedforward are also presented.

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THPME070

Status of the LIU Project at CERN

linac, injection, ion, luminosity

3397

K. Hanke, H. Damerau, A. Deleu, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN has put in place an ambitious improvement programme to make the injector chain of the LHC capable of supplying the high intensity and high brightness beams requested by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project comprises a new Linac (Linac4) as well as major upgrades and renovations of the PSB, PS and SPS synchrotrons. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding Linac3 and LEIR to the list of accelerators concerned. This paper reports on the work completed during the first long LHC shutdown, and outlines the further upgrade path.

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THPME071

Injection and Extraction Systems for a High-Power Proton Synchrotron at CERN

laser, injection, septum, kicker

3400

W. Bartmann, V. Fedosseev, B. Goddard, T. Kramer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A new High-Power Proton Synchrotron (HP-PS) is being studied at CERN for the second phase of the Long Baseline Neutrino facility (LAGUNA-LBNO) where a 2 MW beam power shall impinge onto a target. A 4 GeV H⁻ injection based on foil stripping and extendable to laser-assisted magnet stripping is described. The proposed laser-assisted stripping is assessed with regard to the laser power requirements. The feasibility of a fast extraction system at 75 GeV is presented.

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THPME072

Delivery of Special Magnets for the MedAustron Project

kicker, injection, dipole, controls

3403

T. Kramer, M.G. Atanasov, R.A. Barlow, M.J. Barnes, J. Borburgh, L. Ducimetière, T. Fowler, M. Hourican, V. Mertens, A. Prost
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T. Stadlbauer
EBG MedAustron, Wr. Neustadt, Austria

Ten different types of kickers, bumpers, and electrostatic and magnetic septa, along with certain power supplies and associated control system components, have been designed in a collaboration between CERN and MedAustron for an ion therapy centre in Wr. Neustadt (Austria). This paper focuses on the status of the special magnets work package and the improvements applied during the production. The design parameters are compared with data from measurements, hardware tests and initial commissioning. The major factors contributing to the successful completion of the work package are highlighted.

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THPME077

Complex Beam Profile Reconstruction, A Novel Rotating Array of Vibrating Wires

vacuum, operation, instrumentation, detector

3415

S.G. Arutunian
ANSL, Yerevan, Armenia
J.R. Alonso
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Proton/ion beams of multiple charge/mass ratio can be very complex. Orthogonal X-Y projections are often inappropriate to represent these profiles. An array of vibrating wires, rotating around the beam axis is under development. The mechanical implementation is described. An algorithm to reconstruct the profile is proposed. The tradeoffs between the number of wires, the rotation angles, the response time and the profile resolution are discussed.

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THPME102

Beam-based Tests of Intercepting Transverse Profile Diagnostics for FAIR

ion, proton, detector, target

3480

P. Forck, C.A. Andre, C. Dorn, R. Haseitl, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth, S. Löchner, A. Reiter, M. Schwickert, T. Sieber, B. Walasek-Höhne, M. Witthaus
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
W. Ensinger, S. Lederer, A. Lieberwirth
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: Partly funded by German Ministry of Science (BMBF), contract number 05P12RDRBJ.
The FAIR facility will serve as a versatile accelerator for ions of energies between 100 MeV/u and 29 GeV/u with an intensity variation over more than 6 orders of magnitude. In the transport lines the transverse profile determination will be based mainly on intersecting methods: Scintillations screens, SEM-Grids, Multi-Wire-Proportional Chambers and possibly Optical Transition Radiation screens. The devices are tested at the existing SIS18 at GSI where ions are ex-tracted either in a fast mode (about 1 mus) or resonant mode within about typically 0.3 s. The imaging properties of scintillation screens of different materials (ceramics, phosphor screens and single crystals) with ion beams with energies above 300 MeV/u were investigated. Over intensities 10⁵ to 10⁹ particles per pulse the light yield for the screens is linear with respect to the ion intensity. Moreover, the radiation resistance of the screens was tested. The applicability of optical transition radiation for beams of velocities below 90%c was investigated systematically with heavy ions. The experimental results are compared to wire-based methods obtained with SEM-Grids and MWPCs.

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THPME130

Development of New Data-taking System for Beam Loss Monitors of J-PARC MR

feedback, monitoring, detector, operation

3547

K. Satou, N. Kamikubota, T. Toyama
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
S.Y. Yoshida
Kanto Information Service (KIS), Accelerator Group, Ibaraki, Japan

A new data acquisition system has been developed to improve band-width and dynamic range of the beam loss monitor systems. It consists of isolation current amplifiers with the gain of 1M and the band-width of DC-100kHz, and VME-based 24bit ADCs with the band-width of DC-300kHz and the noise level of 100uV peak to peak. The waveform data of 1MS/s and 1KS/s, and the charge count which is the integrated waveform data are generated and these are compared with alarm levels for the machine protection system. Long-term ground-level stability is essential to monitor residual dose activities. Some beam loss signals include effect of radiations from activated devices, and thus its fractions should be excluded. If the residual dose activities just before the beam injections can be monitored, these fractions would be roughly estimated. Furthermore, on-line monitoring of the residual dose activities after a beam operation will be useful for activation control of the devices at the high level activation area like the collimator and the slow-extraction area. A shot by shot DC offset cancellation is adopted to ensure high ground level stability.

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THPME135

Simulations of the Ion Spatial Distribution in a Gas-Curtain Based Beam Profile Monitor

ion, simulation, electron, antiproton

3563

B.B.D. Lomberg, A. Jeff, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
A. Jeff, B.B.D. Lomberg, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A. Jeff
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V. Tzoganis
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 215080 and 289485, HGF and GSI under contract VH-HG-328, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1, and a RIKEN-Liverpool studentship.
A gas-jet monitor has been developed and commissioned by the QUASAR Group at the Cockcroft Institute, UK. It is designed to measure the transverse profile of a beam by crossing it with a neutral supersonic gas-jet. An array of high voltage electrodes is used to extract ions from the region where the beam and gas-jet interact. These ions first hit a micro-channel plate (MCP) and are then imaged through a phosphor screen and a CCD camera. It is important to understand and characterise the measured ion distribution in order to extract the beam profile. Therefore, numerical investigations using the commercial COMSOL and OPERA codes were carried out benchmarking profile measurements obtained from a low energy electron beam. This paper presents results from these studies. It compares measurements based on the interaction of the primary beam with the residual gas or the ultra-cold gas curtain, and discusses the comparisons of simulated profiles and extraction field configurations on the measured profile.

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THPME170

Prospects for Longitudinal Phase-space Measurements at the MAX IV Linac

linac, electron, FEL, simulation

3665

F. Curbis, O. Karlberg, S. Thorin, S. Werin
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden

Knowing the longitudinal phase space of an electron beam is one of the most important and crucial issues in short-pulses linacs. To achieve this task expensive and rather complicated setups (like transverse deflecting cavities) are usually implemented. The MAX IV 3 GeV linac will be used to inject into two rings and to drive a short pulse facility. Nevertheless, a more deep understanding of the beam quality would be useful especially in view of an upgrade as FEL driver. Another interesting aspect is to evaluate how the double-achromat bunch compressors are performing. We are studying how to implement off-phase acceleration: last part of the linac will be set at zero-crossing phase and the transfer line to the 3 GeV ring could be used as energy spectrometer to retrieve the bunch profile. In the present configuration of the MAX IV linac this procedure will allow to check the bunch length after the first bunch compressor. Since it is work in progress, in this contribution we present a sketch of the measurement and the feasibility of the method will be explored by means of simulations.

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THPRI021

Implementation of a Direct Link between the LHC Beam Interlock System and the LHC Beam Dumping System Re-triggering Lines

dumping, operation, kicker, electronics

3810

S. Gabourin, E. Carlier, R. Denz, N. Magnin, J.A. Uythoven, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Bartholdt, B. Bertsche, V. Vatansever, P. Zeiler
Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

To avoid damage of accelerator equipment due to impacting beam, the controlled removal of the LHC beams from the collider rings towards the dump blocks must be guaranteed at all times. When a beam dump is demanded, the Beam Interlock System communicates this request to the Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System of the LHC Beam Dumping System. Both systems were built according to high reliability standards. To further reduce the risk of incapability to dump the beams in case of correlated failures in the Trigger Synchronisation and Distribution System, a new direct link from the Beam Interlock System to the re-triggering lines of the LHC Beam Dumping System will be implemented for the start-up with beam in 2015. The link represents a diverse redundancy to the current implementation, which should neither significantly increase the risk for so-called asynchronous beam dumps nor compromise machine availability. This paper describes the implementation choices of this link. Furthermore the results of a reliability analysis to quantify its impact on LHC machine availability are presented.

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THPRI093

CSCM: EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION RESULTS

simulation, dipole, operation, network

3988

S. Rowan, B. Auchmann, K. Brodzinski, Z. Charifoulline, R. Denz, V. Roger, I. Romera, R. Schmidt, A.P. Siemko, J. Steckert, H. Thiesen, A.P. Verweij, G.P. Willering, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Pfeffer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The copper-stabilizer continuity measurement - or CSCM - was devised to obtain a direct and complete qualification of the continuity in the 13 kA bypass circuits of the LHC, especially in the copper-stabilizer of the busbar joints and the bolted connections in the diode-leads. The circuit under test is brought to ~20 K, a voltage is applied to open the diodes, and the low-inductance circuit is powered with a pre-defined series of current profiles. The profiles are designed to successively increase the thermal load on the busbar joints up to a level that corresponds to worst-case operating conditions at nominal energy. In this way, the circuit is tested for thermal runaways in the joints - the very process that could prove catastrophic if it occurred under nominal conditions with the full circuit energy. Surveillance software and a numerical model were devised to carry out the analysis and ensure complete protection of the circuit from over-heating. A type test of the CSCM was successfully carried out in April 2013 on one main dipole and one main quadrupole circuit of the LHC. This paper describes the analysis procedure, the numerical model, and results of this first type test.

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